CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Andaman Islands - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"fc025d21-4006-4af7-9dc0-b3d22be06fe8","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Andaman_Islands","wgTitle":"Andaman Islands","wgCurRevisionId":1258570812,"wgRevisionId":1258570812,"wgArticleId":1750,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","CS1 errors: missing periodical","Webarchive template wayback links","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from September 2024","Articles with permanently dead external links","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use dmy dates from June 2020","Use Indian English from June 2016","All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English", "Articles needing additional references from October 2023","All articles needing additional references","Coordinates on Wikidata","Articles containing Chinese-language text","All articles lacking reliable references","Articles lacking reliable references from April 2019","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from October 2023","Articles with unsourced statements from May 2014","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011","All articles containing potentially dated statements","Articles needing additional references from April 2024","Articles with unsourced statements from April 2024","Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference","Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica","Commons category link from Wikidata","Andaman and Nicobar Islands","Archipelagoes of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands","Archipelagoes of India", "Archipelagoes of the Indian Ocean","Archipelagoes of Southeast Asia","Maritime Southeast Asia","Volcanoes of India","Pleistocene volcanoes","Pleistocene Asia","Lands inhabited by indigenous peoples"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Andaman_Islands","wgRelevantArticleId":1750,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":60000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":12.5,"lon":92.75}, "wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q186233","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage": "ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.6"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Andaman_Islands.PNG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="820"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Andaman_Islands.PNG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="547"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Andaman_Islands.PNG/640px-Andaman_Islands.PNG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="437"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Andaman Islands - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_Islands"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_Islands&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_Islands"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Andaman_Islands rootpage-Andaman_Islands skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Andaman+Islands" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Andaman+Islands" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Andaman+Islands" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Andaman+Islands" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_inhabitants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_inhabitants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Early inhabitants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_inhabitants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chola_empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chola_empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Chola empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chola_empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_colonial_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_colonial_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>British colonial era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_colonial_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japanese_occupation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japanese_occupation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Japanese occupation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japanese_occupation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Post-World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_20th_Century_–_21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_20th_Century_–_21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Late 20th Century – 21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_20th_Century_–_21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Outside_visits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outside_visits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.1</span> <span>Outside visits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outside_visits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Natural_disasters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural_disasters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.2</span> <span>Natural disasters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natural_disasters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography_and_Geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography_and_Geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography and Geology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography_and_Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Flora</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Flora-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Flora subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Flora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Timber" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timber"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Timber</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timber-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Fauna</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Fauna-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Fauna subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mammals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mammals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Mammals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mammals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Birds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Birds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Birds</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Birds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reptiles_and_amphibians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reptiles_and_amphibians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Reptiles and amphibians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reptiles_and_amphibians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Cultural references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Andaman Islands</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 73 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-73" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">73 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman-eilande" title="Andaman-eilande – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Andaman-eilande" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%B1_%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جزر أندمان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جزر أندمان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islles_Andam%C3%A1n" title="Islles Andamán – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Islles Andamán" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_adalar%C4%B1" title="Andaman adaları – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Andaman adaları" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C" title="আন্দামান দ্বীপপুঞ্জ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আন্দামান দ্বীপপুঞ্জ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Андаманскія астравы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Андаманскія астравы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Андаманскія астравы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Андаманскія астравы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mga_isla_nin_Andaman" title="Mga isla nin Andaman – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Mga isla nin Andaman" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Андамански острови – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Андамански острови" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman" title="Andaman – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Andaman" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_Islands_(kapuloan_sa_Indiya)" title="Andaman Islands (kapuloan sa Indiya) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Andaman Islands (kapuloan sa Indiya)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andamany" title="Andamany – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Andamany" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ynysoedd_Andaman" title="Ynysoedd Andaman – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ynysoedd Andaman" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andamanerne" title="Andamanerne – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Andamanerne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andamanen" title="Andamanen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Andamanen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andamani_saared" title="Andamani saared – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Andamani saared" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%AE%CF%83%CE%BF%CE%B9_%CE%91%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Νήσοι Ανταμάν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νήσοι Ανταμάν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islas_Andam%C3%A1n" title="Islas Andamán – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Islas Andamán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andamanoj" title="Andamanoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Andamanoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_uharteak" title="Andaman uharteak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Andaman uharteak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جزایر آندامان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جزایر آندامان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Eles_Andaman" title="Îles Andaman – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Îles Andaman" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andamanen" title="Andamanen – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Andamanen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oile%C3%A1in_Andaman" title="Oileáin Andaman – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Oileáin Andaman" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illas_Andaman" title="Illas Andaman – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Illas Andaman" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%88%EB%8B%A4%EB%A7%8C_%EC%A0%9C%EB%8F%84" title="안다만 제도 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="안다만 제도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%B2%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Անդամանյան կղզիներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Անդամանյան կղզիներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="अण्डमान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अण्डमान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andamani" title="Andamani – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Andamani" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Is-isla_Andaman" title="Is-isla Andaman – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Is-isla Andaman" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepulauan_Andaman" title="Kepulauan Andaman – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kepulauan Andaman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andamane" title="Andamane – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Andamane" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81" title="ಅಂಡಮಾನ್ ದ್ವೀಪಗಳು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಂಡಮಾನ್ ದ್ವೀಪಗಳು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Андаман аралдары – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Андаман аралдары" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visiwa_vya_Andaman" title="Visiwa vya Andaman – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Visiwa vya Andaman" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Андаман аралдары – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Андаман аралдары" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andamanu_salas" title="Andamanu salas – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Andamanu salas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman%C5%B3_salos" title="Andamanų salos – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Andamanų salos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Андамански Острови – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Андамански Острови" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andam%C3%A0na_(vondro-nosy)" title="Andamàna (vondro-nosy) – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Andamàna (vondro-nosy)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="ആന്തമാൻ ദ്വീപുകൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആന്തമാൻ ദ്വീപുകൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ანდამანიშ კოკეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ანდამანიშ კოკეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepulauan_Andaman" title="Kepulauan Andaman – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kepulauan Andaman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Андаманы арлууд – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Андаманы арлууд" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andamanen" title="Andamanen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Andamanen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E8%AB%B8%E5%B3%B6" title="アンダマン諸島 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アンダマン諸島" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andamanene" title="Andamanene – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Andamanene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman%C3%B8yane" title="Andamanøyane – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Andamanøyane" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%82" title="ਅੰਡੇਮਾਨ ਟਾਪੂ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅੰਡੇਮਾਨ ਟਾਪੂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%92" title="انڈمان جزیرے – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="انڈمان جزیرے" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andamany" title="Andamany – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Andamany" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilhas_Andam%C3%A3o" title="Ilhas Andamão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ilhas Andamão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulele_Andaman" title="Insulele Andaman – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Insulele Andaman" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Андаманские острова – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Андаманские острова" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱟᱱᱫᱟᱢᱟᱱ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱟᱱᱫᱟᱢᱟᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A" title="අන්දමන් දූපත් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අන්දමන් දූපත්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_Islands" title="Andaman Islands – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Andaman Islands" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andamany" title="Andamany – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Andamany" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Андаманска острва – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Андаманска острва" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andamani" title="Andamani – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Andamani" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andamaanit" title="Andamaanit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Andamaanit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andamanerna" title="Andamanerna – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Andamanerna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="அந்தமான் தீவுகள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அந்தமான் தீவுகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="అండమాన్ దీవులు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అండమాన్ దీవులు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="หมู่เกาะอันดามัน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หมู่เกาะอันดามัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ҷазираҳои Ондомон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷазираҳои Ондомон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Андаманські острови – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Андаманські острови" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جزائر انڈمان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جزائر انڈمان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A7n_%C4%91%E1%BA%A3o_Andaman" title="Quần đảo Andaman – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quần đảo Andaman" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pur%C3%B4_Andaman" title="Purô Andaman – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Purô Andaman" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E8%BE%BE%E6%9B%BC%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="安达曼群岛 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="安达曼群岛" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E9%81%94%E6%9B%BC%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="安達曼群島 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="安達曼群島" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E8%BE%BE%E6%9B%BC%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="安达曼群岛 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="安达曼群岛" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q186233#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Andaman_Islands" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Andaman_Islands" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Andaman_Islands"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_Islands&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_Islands&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Andaman_Islands"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_Islands&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_Islands&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Andaman_Islands" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Andaman_Islands" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_Islands&oldid=1258570812" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_Islands&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Andaman_Islands&id=1258570812&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlQ%C4%B1sald%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAndaman_Islands"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrKodu&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAndaman_Islands"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Andaman_Islands&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_Islands&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Andaman_Islands" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q186233" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Andaman_Islands&params=12_30_N_92_45_E_region:IN_type:isle"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">12°30′N</span> <span class="longitude">92°45′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">12.500°N 92.750°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">12.500; 92.750</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Archipelago in the Bay of Bengal</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Andaman_Islands" title="Special:EditPage/Andaman Islands">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Andaman+Islands%22">"Andaman Islands"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Andaman+Islands%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Andaman+Islands%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Andaman+Islands%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Andaman+Islands%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Andaman+Islands%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129712854">.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-title-embed{background-color:#efefef;font-weight:bold;padding:0.3em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-nick,.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-native{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-native>div{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands .infobox-header{background-color:#efefef}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-country{border-top:1px solid black;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-country2{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands .infobox-below{text-align:left;border-top:#aaa 1px solid}</style><table class="infobox ib-islands vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Andaman Islands</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Andaman_Islands.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Andaman_Islands.PNG/260px-Andaman_Islands.PNG" decoding="async" width="260" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Andaman_Islands.PNG/390px-Andaman_Islands.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Andaman_Islands.PNG/520px-Andaman_Islands.PNG 2x" data-file-width="771" data-file-height="527" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Location in the Indian Ocean</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Geography</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Andaman_Islands&params=12_30_N_92_45_E_region:IN_type:isle"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">12°30′N</span> <span class="longitude">92°45′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">12.500°N 92.750°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">12.500; 92.750</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Archipelago</th><td class="infobox-data note"><a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Total islands</th><td class="infobox-data">572</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Major islands</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/North_Andaman_Island" title="North Andaman Island">North Andaman Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Little_Andaman" title="Little Andaman">Little Andaman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middle_Andaman_Island" title="Middle Andaman Island">Middle Andaman Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Andaman_Island" title="South Andaman Island">South Andaman Island</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">6,408 km<sup>2</sup> (2,474 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">732 m (2402 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest point</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Saddle_Peak_(Andaman_Islands)" title="Saddle Peak (Andaman Islands)">Saddle Peak</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Administration</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Union territory</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital city</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Port_Blair" title="Port Blair">Port Blair</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="ib-islands-country"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Administrative region</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yangon_Region" title="Yangon Region">Yangon Region</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon">Yangon</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Demographics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products_ani.html">343,125</a> (2011)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pop. density</th><td class="infobox-data">48/km<sup>2</sup> (124/sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ethnic groups</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bamar_people" title="Bamar people">Bamar</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryans" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Aryans">Indic</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Dravidians" class="mw-redirect" title="Dravidians">Dravidian</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Jarawas_(Andaman_Islands)" title="Jarawas (Andaman Islands)">Jarawa</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Onge" title="Onge">Onge</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sentinelese" title="Sentinelese">Sentinelese</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Great_Andamanese" title="Great Andamanese">Great Andamanese</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Additional information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B5:30" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+5:30">UTC+5:30</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap">not observed</span> (<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B5:30" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+5:30">UTC+5:30</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.andaman.nic.in">www<wbr />.andaman<wbr />.nic<wbr />.in</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Andaman_nicobar_76.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Andaman_nicobar_76.jpg/260px-Andaman_nicobar_76.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="601" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Andaman_nicobar_76.jpg/390px-Andaman_nicobar_76.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Andaman_nicobar_76.jpg/520px-Andaman_nicobar_76.jpg 2x" data-file-width="894" data-file-height="2068" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Detailed map<br />of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands</div></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Andaman Islands</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span>) are an <a href="/wiki/Archipelago" title="Archipelago">archipelago</a>, made up of 200 islands, in the northeastern <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a> about 130 km (81 mi) southwest off the coasts of <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ayeyarwady_Region" title="Ayeyarwady Region">Ayeyarwady Region</a>. Together with the <a href="/wiki/Nicobar_Islands" title="Nicobar Islands">Nicobar Islands</a> to their south, the Andamans serve as a <a href="/wiki/Maritime_boundary" title="Maritime boundary">maritime boundary</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a> to the west and the <a href="/wiki/Andaman_Sea" title="Andaman Sea">Andaman Sea</a> to the east. Most of the islands are part of the <a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Union_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Territory">Union Territory</a> of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, while the <a href="/wiki/Coco_Islands" title="Coco Islands">Coco Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Preparis_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Preparis Island">Preparis Island</a> are part of the <a href="/wiki/Yangon_Region" title="Yangon Region">Yangon Region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>. </p><p>The Andaman Islands are home to the <a href="/wiki/Andamanese_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Andamanese peoples">Andamanese</a>, a group of indigenous people made up of a number of tribes, including the <a href="/wiki/Jarawas_(Andaman_Islands)" title="Jarawas (Andaman Islands)">Jarawa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sentinelese" title="Sentinelese">Sentinelese</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-trained_news.au_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trained_news.au-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While some of the islands can be visited with permits, entry to others, including <a href="/wiki/North_Sentinel_Island" title="North Sentinel Island">North Sentinel Island</a>, is banned by law. The Sentinelese are generally hostile to visitors and have had <a href="/wiki/Uncontacted_peoples" title="Uncontacted peoples">little contact</a> with any other people. The Indian government and coast guard protect their right to privacy.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_Islands&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Andamanese_comparative_distribution.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Andamanese_comparative_distribution.png/330px-Andamanese_comparative_distribution.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Andamanese_comparative_distribution.png/495px-Andamanese_comparative_distribution.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Andamanese_comparative_distribution.png/660px-Andamanese_comparative_distribution.png 2x" data-file-width="737" data-file-height="567" /></a><figcaption>Comparative distributions of Andamanese indigenous peoples, pre-18th century vs present-day</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology">Etymology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_Islands&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 13th century, the name of Andaman appears in Late <a href="/wiki/Middle_Chinese" title="Middle Chinese">Middle Chinese</a> as <i>ʔˠan<sup>H</sup> dɑ mˠan</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">晏陀蠻</span></span>, pronounced <i>yàntuómán</i> in modern <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin Chinese</a>) in the book <i><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Fan_Zhi" title="Zhu Fan Zhi">Zhu Fan Zhi</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Zhao_Rukuo" title="Zhao Rukuo">Zhao Rukuo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ZhuFanZhi_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZhuFanZhi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Chapter 38 of the book, <i>Countries in the Sea</i>, Zhao Rukuo specifies that going from Lambri (<a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>) to Ceylan, an unfavourable wind makes ships drift towards the Andaman Islands.<sup id="cite_ref-ZhuFanZhi_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZhuFanZhi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (April 2019)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In the 15th century, Andaman was recorded as "Andeman Mountain" (安得蠻山, pronounced <i>āndémán shān</i> in modern Mandarin Chinese) during the <a href="/wiki/Voyages_of_Zheng_He" class="mw-redirect" title="Voyages of Zheng He">voyages of Zheng He</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Mao_Kun_map" title="Mao Kun map">Mao Kun map</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Wu_Bei_Zhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Wu Bei Zhi">Wu Bei Zhi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_inhabitants">Early inhabitants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_Islands&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early inhabitants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> The oldest archaeological evidence for the habitation of the islands dates to the <a href="/wiki/1st_millennium_BC" title="1st millennium BC">1st millennium BC</a>. Genetic evidence suggests that the indigenous <a href="/wiki/Andamanese_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Andamanese peoples">Andamanese peoples</a> share a common origin, and that the islands were settled sometime after 26,000 years ago, possibly at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Last_Glacial_Period" title="Last Glacial Period">Last Glacial Period</a>, when sea levels were much lower reducing the distance between the Andaman Islands and the Asian mainland,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with genetic estimates suggesting that the two main linguistic groups diverged around 16,000 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Andamanese peoples are a genetically distinct group highly divergent from other Asians.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Andaman_Islands_in_the_Bay_of_Bengal_were_said_to_be_inhabited_by_wolf-headed_people.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/The_Andaman_Islands_in_the_Bay_of_Bengal_were_said_to_be_inhabited_by_wolf-headed_people.jpg/220px-The_Andaman_Islands_in_the_Bay_of_Bengal_were_said_to_be_inhabited_by_wolf-headed_people.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/The_Andaman_Islands_in_the_Bay_of_Bengal_were_said_to_be_inhabited_by_wolf-headed_people.jpg/330px-The_Andaman_Islands_in_the_Bay_of_Bengal_were_said_to_be_inhabited_by_wolf-headed_people.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/The_Andaman_Islands_in_the_Bay_of_Bengal_were_said_to_be_inhabited_by_wolf-headed_people.jpg/440px-The_Andaman_Islands_in_the_Bay_of_Bengal_were_said_to_be_inhabited_by_wolf-headed_people.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="426" /></a><figcaption>The Andaman Islands in the Bay of Bengal were said to be inhabited by <a href="/wiki/Cynocephaly#High_and_late_medieval_travel_literature" title="Cynocephaly">wolf-headed people</a>, who were depicted in a "book of wonders" produced in Paris in the early 15th century.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chola_empire">Chola empire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_Islands&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Chola empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Chola_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajendra Chola I">Rajendra I</a> took over the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He used the Andaman and Nicobar Islands as a strategic naval base to launch an expedition against the <a href="/wiki/Srivijaya" title="Srivijaya">Sriwijaya Empire</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Cholas" class="mw-redirect" title="Cholas">Cholas</a> called the island Ma-Nakkavaram ("great open/naked land"), found in the <a href="/wiki/Thanjavur" title="Thanjavur">Thanjavur</a> inscription of 1050 <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">CE</a>. European traveller <a href="/wiki/Marco_Polo" title="Marco Polo">Marco Polo</a> (12th–13th century) also referred to this island as 'Necuverann' and a corrupted form of the Tamil name Nakkavaram would have led to the modern name Nicobar during the British colonial period.<sup id="cite_ref-goi1908_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goi1908-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_colonial_era">British colonial era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_Islands&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: British colonial era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1789, the <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Presidency" title="Bengal Presidency">Bengal Presidency</a> established a naval base and <a href="/wiki/Penal_colony" title="Penal colony">penal colony</a> on <a href="/wiki/Chatham_Island_(Andaman)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chatham Island (Andaman)">Chatham Island</a> in the southeast bay of <a href="/wiki/South_Andaman_Island" title="South Andaman Island">Great Andaman</a>. The settlement is now known as <a href="/wiki/Port_Blair" title="Port Blair">Port Blair</a> (after the <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Marine" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombay Marine">Bombay Marine</a> lieutenant <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Blair" title="Archibald Blair">Archibald Blair</a> who founded it). After two years, the colony was moved to the northeast part of Great Andaman and was named Port Cornwallis after Admiral <a href="/wiki/William_Cornwallis" title="William Cornwallis">William Cornwallis</a>. However, there was much disease and death in the penal colony and the government ceased operating it in May 1796.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911957–958_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911957–958-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-olivierblaise_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-olivierblaise-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1824, Port Cornwallis was the rendezvous of the fleet carrying the army to the <a href="/wiki/First_Burmese_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Burmese War">First Burmese War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911958_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911958-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1830s and 1840s, shipwrecked crews who landed on the Andamans were often attacked and killed by the natives and the islands had a reputation for <a href="/wiki/Human_cannibalism" title="Human cannibalism">cannibalism</a>. The loss of the <i>Runnymede</i> and the <i>Briton</i> in 1844 during the same storm, while transporting goods and passengers between India and Australia, and the continuous attacks launched by the natives, which the survivors fought off, alarmed the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">British government</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1855, the government proposed another settlement on the islands, including a <a href="/wiki/Cellular_Jail" title="Cellular Jail">convict establishment</a>, but the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Indian Rebellion of 1857</a> forced a delay in its construction. However, because the rebellion led to the British holding a large number of prisoners, it made the new Andaman settlement and prison urgently necessary. Construction began in November 1857 at Port Blair using inmates' labour, avoiding the vicinity of a salt swamp that seemed to have been the source of many of the earlier problems at Port Cornwallis.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aberdeen_(Andaman_Islands)" title="Battle of Aberdeen (Andaman Islands)">Battle of Aberdeen</a> was fought on 17 May 1859 between the <a href="/wiki/Great_Andamanese" title="Great Andamanese">Great Andamanese</a> tribe and the British. Today, a memorial stands in Andaman water sports complex as a tribute to the people who died in the battle. Fearful of British intentions and with help from an escaped convict from <a href="/wiki/Cellular_Jail" title="Cellular Jail">Cellular Jail</a>, the Great Andamanese attacked the British settlement, but they were outnumbered and soon suffered heavy casualties. Later, it was identified that an escaped convict named <a href="/wiki/Dudhnath_Tewari" title="Dudhnath Tewari">Dudhnath Tewari</a> had changed sides and informed the British about the tribe's plans.<sup id="cite_ref-Rapidiq_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rapidiq-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-One_India_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-One_India-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Andaman_Sheekha_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Andaman_Sheekha-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1867, the <a href="/wiki/Merchant_ship" title="Merchant ship">merchantman</a> <i>Nineveh</i> was <a href="/wiki/Shipwrecking" title="Shipwrecking">wrecked</a> on the reef of North Sentinel Island. The 86 survivors reached the beach in the ship's boats. On the third day, they were attacked with iron-tipped spears by naked islanders. One person from the ship escaped in a boat and the others were later rescued by a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">British Royal Navy</a> ship.<sup id="cite_ref-Goodheart_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goodheart-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For some time, sickness and mortality were high, but <a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation" title="Land reclamation">swamp reclamation</a> and extensive forest clearance continued. The Andaman colony became notorious with the murder of the Viceroy <a href="/wiki/Richard_Southwell_Bourke,_6th_Earl_of_Mayo" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Southwell Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo">Richard Southwell Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo</a>, on a visit to the settlement (8 February 1872), by a <a href="/wiki/Pashtun_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashtun people">Pathan</a> from <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sher_Ali_Afridi" title="Sher Ali Afridi">Sher Ali Afridi</a>. In the same year, the two island groups Andaman and <a href="/wiki/Nicobar_Islands" title="Nicobar Islands">Nicobar</a>, were united under a chief commissioner residing at Port Blair.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911958_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911958-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Port_Blair_1872_Ross_Island_Penal_HQ.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Port_Blair_1872_Ross_Island_Penal_HQ.jpg/220px-Port_Blair_1872_Ross_Island_Penal_HQ.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Port_Blair_1872_Ross_Island_Penal_HQ.jpg/330px-Port_Blair_1872_Ross_Island_Penal_HQ.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Port_Blair_1872_Ross_Island_Penal_HQ.jpg/440px-Port_Blair_1872_Ross_Island_Penal_HQ.jpg 2x" data-file-width="672" data-file-height="514" /></a><figcaption>The Ross Island prison headquarters, 1872</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_Andamanese_women_-_1876.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Great_Andamanese_women_-_1876.jpg/220px-Great_Andamanese_women_-_1876.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Great_Andamanese_women_-_1876.jpg/330px-Great_Andamanese_women_-_1876.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Great_Andamanese_women_-_1876.jpg/440px-Great_Andamanese_women_-_1876.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="437" /></a><figcaption>Great Andamanese men, women and children, 1876</figcaption></figure> <p>From the time of its development in 1858 under the direction of James Pattison Walker, and in response to the mutiny and rebellion of the previous year, the settlement was first and foremost a repository for <a href="/wiki/Political_prisoner" title="Political prisoner">political prisoners</a>. The Cellular Jail at Port Blair, when completed in 1910, included 698 cells designed for solitary confinement; each cell measured 4.5 by 2.7 m (15 by 9 ft) with a single ventilation window 3 metres (10 ft) above the floor.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Indians imprisoned here referred to the island and its prison as <i>Kala Pani</i> ("black water"),<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> named for <a href="/wiki/Kala_pani_(taboo)" title="Kala pani (taboo)"><i>kala pani</i></a>, the Hindu proscription against traveling across the open sea. Incarceration on the Andamans thus threatened prisoners with the loss of their <a href="/wiki/Caste_system_in_India" title="Caste system in India">caste</a>, and resultant social exclusion;<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a 1996 film set on the island took that term as its title, <i><a href="/wiki/Kaalapani_(1996_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaalapani (1996 film)">Kaalapani</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The number of prisoners who died in this camp is estimated to be in the thousands.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many more died of harsh treatment and the strenuous living and working conditions in this camp.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Viper Chain Gang Jail on <a href="/wiki/Viper_Island" title="Viper Island">Viper Island</a> was reserved for extraordinarily troublesome prisoners and was also the site of hangings. In the 20th century, it became a convenient place to house prominent members of India's independence movement.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japanese_occupation">Japanese occupation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_Islands&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Japanese occupation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Andaman_ross_is.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Andaman_ross_is.jpg/220px-Andaman_ross_is.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Andaman_ross_is.jpg/330px-Andaman_ross_is.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Andaman_ross_is.jpg/440px-Andaman_ross_is.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="662" /></a><figcaption>Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Island in 2004</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Andaman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Andaman.jpg/220px-Andaman.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Andaman.jpg/330px-Andaman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Andaman.jpg/440px-Andaman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="681" /></a><figcaption>Andaman Islands</figcaption></figure> <p>The Andaman and Nicobar Islands were <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Andaman_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese occupation of the Andaman Islands">occupied by Japan</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The islands were nominally put under the authority of the <a href="/wiki/Arzi_Hukumat-e-Azad_Hind" class="mw-redirect" title="Arzi Hukumat-e-Azad Hind">Arzi Hukumat-e-Azad Hind</a> (Provisional Government of Free India) headed by <a href="/wiki/Subhas_Chandra_Bose" title="Subhas Chandra Bose">Subhas Chandra Bose</a>, who visited the islands during the war, and renamed them as <a href="/wiki/Shahid" title="Shahid">Shaheed</a> (Martyr) & Swaraj (Self-rule). On 30 December 1943, during the Japanese occupation, Bose, who was allied with the Japanese, first raised the flag of Indian independence. General <a href="/wiki/A._D._Loganathan" title="A. D. Loganathan">Loganathan</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Army" title="Indian National Army">Indian National Army</a>, was Governor of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, which had been annexed to the Provisional Government. According to Werner Gruhl: "Before leaving the islands, the Japanese rounded up and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_war_crimes" title="Japanese war crimes">executed 750 innocents</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-World_War_II">Post-World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_Islands&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Post-World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the close of World War II, the British government announced its intention to shut down the penal settlement. The government proposed to employ former inmates in an initiative to develop the island's fisheries, timber, and agricultural resources. In exchange, inmates would be granted return passage to the Indian mainland, or the right to settle on the islands. <a href="/wiki/James_Howard_Williams" title="James Howard Williams">J H Williams</a>, one of the Bombay Burma Company's senior officials, was dispatched to perform a timber survey of the islands using convict labor. He recorded his findings in 'The Spotted Deer' (published in 1957 by <a href="/wiki/Rupert_Hart-Davis" title="Rupert Hart-Davis">Rupert Hart-Davis</a>). </p><p>The penal colony was eventually closed on 15 August 1947 when India <a href="/wiki/Indian_Independence_Act_1947" title="Indian Independence Act 1947">gained independence</a>. It has since served as a museum to the <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">independence movement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most of the Andaman Islands became part of the <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Republic of India</a> in 1950 and was declared as a <a href="/wiki/Union_territory" title="Union territory">union territory</a> of the nation in 1956, while the <a href="/wiki/Preparis" title="Preparis">Preparis Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coco_Islands" title="Coco Islands">Coco Islands</a> became part of the <a href="/wiki/Yangon_Region" title="Yangon Region">Yangon Region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> in 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_20th_Century_–_21st_century"><span id="Late_20th_Century_.E2.80.93_21st_century"></span>Late 20th Century – 21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_Islands&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Late 20th Century – 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Outside_visits">Outside visits</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_Islands&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Outside visits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 1998, American photographer John S. Callahan organised the first surfing project in the Andamans, starting from <a href="/wiki/Phuket_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Phuket Province">Phuket</a> in Thailand with the assistance of Southeast Asia Liveaboards (SEAL), a UK owned dive charter company.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> With a crew of international professional surfers, they crossed the Andaman Sea on the yacht <i>Crescent</i> and cleared formalities in Port Blair. The group proceeded to Little Andaman Island, where they spent ten days surfing several spots for the first time, including Jarawa Point near Hut Bay and the long right reef point at the southwest tip of the island, named Kumari Point. The resulting article in <i>Surfer Magazine</i>, "Quest for Fire" by journalist Sam George, put the Andaman Islands on the surfing map for the first time.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Footage of the waves of the Andaman Islands also appeared in the film <i>Thicker than Water</i>, shot by <a href="/wiki/Documentary_film" title="Documentary film">documentary filmmaker</a> <a href="/wiki/Jack_Johnson_(musician)" title="Jack Johnson (musician)">Jack Johnson</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Callahan went on to make several more surfing projects in the Andamans, including a trip to the Nicobar Islands in 1999.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In November 2018, <a href="/wiki/John_Allen_Chau" title="John Allen Chau">John Allen Chau</a>, an American <a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">missionary</a>, traveled illegally with the help of local fishermen to the <a href="/wiki/North_Sentinel_Island" title="North Sentinel Island">North Sentinel Island</a> off the Andaman Islands chain group on several occasions, despite a travel ban to the island. He is reported to have been killed.<sup id="cite_ref-cnn.com_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnn.com-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite some relaxation introduced earlier in 2018 to the stringent visit permit system for the islands, North Sentinel Island was still highly protected from outside contact. Special permission to allow researchers and anthropologists to visit could be sought.<sup id="cite_ref-3tier_2018_toi_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3tier_2018_toi-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chau had no special clearance and knew that his visit was illegal.<sup id="cite_ref-3tier_2018_toi_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3tier_2018_toi-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cnn.com_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnn.com-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although a less restrictive system of approval to visit some of the islands now applies, with non-Indian nationals no longer required to obtain pre-approval with a Restricted Area Permit (RAP), foreign visitors must still show their passport at Immigration at Port Blair Airport and Seaport for verification. Citizens of Afghanistan, China and Pakistan, or other foreign nationals whose origin is any of these countries, <em>are</em> still required to obtain a RAP to visit Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Similarly, citizens of <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> who wish to visit <a href="/wiki/Mayabunder" title="Mayabunder">Mayabunder</a> or <a href="/wiki/Diglipur" title="Diglipur">Diglipur</a> must also apply for a RAP. In these cases, the permits must be pre-approved prior to arrival in Port Blair.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Natural_disasters">Natural disasters</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_Islands&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Natural disasters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 26 December 2004, the coast of the Andaman Islands was devastated by a 10-metre-high (33 ft) tsunami following the <a href="/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 Indian Ocean earthquake">2004 Indian Ocean earthquake</a>, which is the longest recorded earthquake, lasting for between 500 and 600 seconds.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Strong oral traditions in the area warned of the importance of moving inland after a quake and is credited with saving many lives.<sup id="cite_ref-folklore_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-folklore-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the aftermath, more than 2,000 people were confirmed dead and more than 4,000 children were orphaned or had lost one parent. At least 40,000 residents were rendered homeless and were moved to relief camps.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 11 August 2009, a magnitude 7 earthquake struck near the Andaman Islands, causing a tsunami warning to go into effect. On 30 March 2010, a magnitude 6.9 earthquake struck near the Andaman Islands. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography_and_Geology">Geography and Geology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_Islands&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Geography and Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Andaman Archipelago is an oceanic continuation of the Burmese <a href="/wiki/Chin_Hills" title="Chin Hills">Arakan Yoma range</a> in the north and of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Indonesia" title="List of islands of Indonesia">Indonesian Archipelago</a> in the south. It has 325 islands which cover an area of 6,408 km<sup>2</sup> (2,474 sq mi),<sup id="cite_ref-Planning_Commission_Report_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Planning_Commission_Report-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the <a href="/wiki/Andaman_Sea" title="Andaman Sea">Andaman Sea</a> to the east between the islands and the coast of Burma.<sup id="cite_ref-olivierblaise_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-olivierblaise-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/North_Andaman_Island" title="North Andaman Island">North Andaman Island</a> is 285 kilometres (177 mi) south of Burma, although a few smaller Burmese islands are closer, including the three Coco Islands. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Ten_Degree_Channel" title="Ten Degree Channel">Ten Degree Channel</a> separates the Andamans from the <a href="/wiki/Nicobar_Islands" title="Nicobar Islands">Nicobar Islands</a> to the south. The highest point is located in North Andaman Island (<a href="/wiki/Saddle_Peak_(Andaman_Islands)" title="Saddle Peak (Andaman Islands)">Saddle Peak</a> at 732 m (2,402 ft)).<sup id="cite_ref-Planning_Commission_Report_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Planning_Commission_Report-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 33">: 33 </span></sup> </p><p>The geology of the Andaman islands consists essentially of <a href="/wiki/Late_Jurassic" title="Late Jurassic">Late Jurassic</a> to <a href="/wiki/Early_Eocene" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Eocene">Early Eocene</a> <a href="/wiki/Ophiolite" title="Ophiolite">ophiolites</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sedimentary_rock" title="Sedimentary rock">sedimentary rocks</a> (<a href="/wiki/Argillite" title="Argillite">argillaceous</a> and algal <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestones</a>), deformed by numerous deep <a href="/wiki/Fault_(geology)" title="Fault (geology)">faults</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thrust_fault" title="Thrust fault">thrusts</a> with <a href="/wiki/Ultramafic" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultramafic">ultramafic</a> <a href="/wiki/Igneous" class="mw-redirect" title="Igneous">igneous</a> <a href="/wiki/Intrusion_(geology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Intrusion (geology)">intrusions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tsu_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tsu-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are at least 11 <a href="/wiki/Mud_volcano" title="Mud volcano">mud volcanoes</a> on the islands.<sup id="cite_ref-tsu_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tsu-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are two volcanic islands, <a href="/wiki/Narcondam_Island" title="Narcondam Island">Narcondam Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barren_Island_(Andaman_Islands)" title="Barren Island (Andaman Islands)">Barren Island</a>, which have produced <a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">basalt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andesite" title="Andesite">andesite</a>. Barren Island is the only active volcano in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_sub-continent" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian sub-continent">Indian sub-continent</a>, with the latest eruption reported in December 2022, leading to the potential for <a href="/wiki/Geotourism" title="Geotourism">geotourism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_Islands&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The climate is typical of tropical islands of similar latitude. It is always warm, but with sea breezes. Rainfall is irregular, usually dry during the north-east monsoons, and very wet during the south-west monsoons.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911956_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911956-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flora">Flora</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_Islands&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Flora"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shaheed_Island,_Andamans,_Tropical_forest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Shaheed_Island%2C_Andamans%2C_Tropical_forest.jpg/220px-Shaheed_Island%2C_Andamans%2C_Tropical_forest.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Shaheed_Island%2C_Andamans%2C_Tropical_forest.jpg/330px-Shaheed_Island%2C_Andamans%2C_Tropical_forest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Shaheed_Island%2C_Andamans%2C_Tropical_forest.jpg/440px-Shaheed_Island%2C_Andamans%2C_Tropical_forest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2688" /></a><figcaption>Tropical forest, Shaheed Island</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Havelock_Island,_Mangrove_trees_in_tropical_sea,_Andaman_Islands.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Havelock_Island%2C_Mangrove_trees_in_tropical_sea%2C_Andaman_Islands.jpg/220px-Havelock_Island%2C_Mangrove_trees_in_tropical_sea%2C_Andaman_Islands.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Havelock_Island%2C_Mangrove_trees_in_tropical_sea%2C_Andaman_Islands.jpg/330px-Havelock_Island%2C_Mangrove_trees_in_tropical_sea%2C_Andaman_Islands.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Havelock_Island%2C_Mangrove_trees_in_tropical_sea%2C_Andaman_Islands.jpg/440px-Havelock_Island%2C_Mangrove_trees_in_tropical_sea%2C_Andaman_Islands.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2688" /></a><figcaption>Mangrove trees on the beach, Havelock Island</figcaption></figure> <p>The Middle Andamans harbour mostly moist <a href="/wiki/Deciduous_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Deciduous forests">deciduous forests</a>. North Andamans is characterised by the wet evergreen type, with plenty of woody climbers.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The natural vegetation of the Andamans is tropical forest, with <a href="/wiki/Mangrove" title="Mangrove">mangroves</a> on the coast. The rainforests are similar in composition to those of the west coast of Burma. Most of the forests are evergreen, but there are areas of deciduous forest on North Andaman, <a href="/wiki/Middle_Andaman_Island" title="Middle Andaman Island">Middle Andaman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baratang" class="mw-redirect" title="Baratang">Baratang</a> and parts of <a href="/wiki/South_Andaman_Island" title="South Andaman Island">South Andaman Island</a>. The South Andaman forests have a profuse growth of <a href="/wiki/Epiphytic" class="mw-redirect" title="Epiphytic">epiphytic</a> vegetation, mostly ferns and orchids. </p><p>The Andaman forests are largely unspoiled, despite logging and the demands of the fast-growing population driven by immigration from the Indian mainland. There are protected areas on <a href="/wiki/Little_Andaman_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Little Andaman Island">Little Andaman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Narcondam_Island" title="Narcondam Island">Narcondam</a>, North Andaman and South Andaman, but these are mainly aimed at preserving the coast and the marine wildlife rather than the rainforests.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Threats to wildlife come from introduced species including rats, dogs, cats and the elephants of <a href="/wiki/Interview_Island" title="Interview Island">Interview Island</a> and North Andaman. </p><p>Scientists discovered a new species of green algae species in the Andaman archipelago, naming it <i>Acetabularia jalakanyakae</i>. "Jalakanyaka" is a Sanskrit word that means "mermaid".<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Timber">Timber</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_Islands&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Timber"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Timber.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Timber.JPG/220px-Timber.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Timber.JPG/330px-Timber.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Timber.JPG/440px-Timber.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Stilt houses in an Andamanese timber operation</figcaption></figure> <p>Andaman forests contain 200 or more timber producing species of trees, out of which about 30 varieties are considered to be commercial. Major commercial timber species are Gurjan (<i><a href="/wiki/Dipterocarpus" title="Dipterocarpus">Dipterocarpus</a></i> spp.) and <a href="/wiki/Padauk" class="mw-redirect" title="Padauk">Padauk</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Pterocarpus_dalbergioides" title="Pterocarpus dalbergioides">Pterocarpus dalbergioides</a></i>). The following ornamental woods are noted for their pronounced grain formation: </p> <ul><li>Marble wood (<i><a href="/wiki/Diospyros" title="Diospyros">Diospyros marmorata</a></i>)</li> <li>Padauk (<i><a href="/wiki/Pterocarpus_dalbergioides" title="Pterocarpus dalbergioides">Pterocarpus dalbergioides</a></i>)</li> <li>Silver grey (a special formation of wood in white <a href="/wiki/Utkarsh" title="Utkarsh">utkarsh</a>)</li> <li>Chooi (<i><a href="/wiki/Sageraea" title="Sageraea">Sageraea elliptica</a></i>)</li> <li>Kokko (<i><a href="/wiki/Albizzia_lebbeck" class="mw-redirect" title="Albizzia lebbeck">Albizzia lebbeck</a></i>)</li></ul> <p>Padauk wood is sturdier than teak and is widely used for furniture making. </p><p>There are <a href="/wiki/Burr_wood" class="mw-redirect" title="Burr wood">burr wood</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buttress_root" title="Buttress root">buttress root</a> formations in Andaman Padauk. The largest piece of buttress known from Andaman was a dining table of 13 ft × 7 ft (4.0 m × 2.1 m). The largest piece of burr wood was made into a dining table for eight. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Rudraksha" title="Rudraksha">Rudraksha</a> (<i>Elaeocarps sphaericus</i>) and aromatic Dhoop-resin trees also are found here. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fauna">Fauna</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_Islands&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Fauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Coral_Reef_at_the_Andaman_Islands.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/The_Coral_Reef_at_the_Andaman_Islands.jpg/220px-The_Coral_Reef_at_the_Andaman_Islands.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/The_Coral_Reef_at_the_Andaman_Islands.jpg/330px-The_Coral_Reef_at_the_Andaman_Islands.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/The_Coral_Reef_at_the_Andaman_Islands.jpg/440px-The_Coral_Reef_at_the_Andaman_Islands.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3377" data-file-height="2340" /></a><figcaption>The coral reef at Havelock in Andaman</figcaption></figure> <p>The Andaman Islands are home to a number of animals, many of them endemic. Andaman & Nicobar islands are home to 10% of all Indian fauna species.<sup id="cite_ref-Singh_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singh-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The islands are only 0.25% of the country's geographical area, but has 11,009 species, according to a publication by the <a href="/wiki/Zoological_Survey_of_India" title="Zoological Survey of India">Zoological Survey of India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Singh_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singh-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mammals">Mammals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_Islands&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Mammals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The island's endemic mammals include </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_spiny_shrew" title="Andaman spiny shrew">Andaman spiny shrew</a> (<i>Crocidura hispida</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_shrew" title="Andaman shrew">Andaman shrew</a> (<i>Crocidura andamanensis</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenkins%27s_shrew" title="Jenkins's shrew">Jenkins's shrew</a> (<i>Crocidura jenkinsi</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_horseshoe_bat" title="Andaman horseshoe bat">Andaman horseshoe bat</a> (<i>Rhinolophus cognatus</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_rat" title="Andaman rat">Andaman rat</a> (<i>Rattus stoicus</i>)</li></ul> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Banded_pig" title="Banded pig">banded pig</a> (<i>Sus scrofa vittatus</i>), also known as the Andaman wild boar and once thought to be an endemic subspecies,<sup id="cite_ref-SrinivasuluSrinivasulu2012_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SrinivasuluSrinivasulu2012-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is protected by the Wildlife Protection Act 1972 (Sch I). The <a href="/wiki/Spotted_deer" class="mw-redirect" title="Spotted deer">spotted deer</a> (<i>Axis axis</i>), the <a href="/wiki/Indian_muntjac" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian muntjac">Indian muntjac</a> (<i>Muntiacus muntjak</i>) and the <a href="/wiki/Sambar_deer" title="Sambar deer">sambar</a> (<i>Rusa unicolor</i>) were all introduced to the Andaman islands, though the sambar did not survive. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Interview_Island" title="Interview Island">Interview Island</a> (the largest wildlife sanctuary in the territory) in Middle Andaman holds a population of feral <a href="/wiki/Asian_elephant" title="Asian elephant">elephants</a>, which were brought in for forest work by a timber company and released when the company went bankrupt. This population has been subject to research studies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Birds">Birds</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_Islands&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Birds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Endemic or near endemic birds include </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Spilornis_elgini" class="mw-redirect" title="Spilornis elgini">Spilornis elgini</a></i>, a serpent-eagle</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rallina_canningi" class="mw-redirect" title="Rallina canningi">Rallina canningi</a></i>, a crake (endemic; data-deficient per IUCN 2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Columba_palumboides" class="mw-redirect" title="Columba palumboides">Columba palumboides</a></i>, a wood-pigeon</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Macropygia_rufipennis" class="mw-redirect" title="Macropygia rufipennis">Macropygia rufipennis</a></i>, a cuckoo dove</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Centropus_andamanensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Centropus andamanensis">Centropus andamanensis</a></i>, a subspecies of brown coucal (endemic)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Otus_balli" class="mw-redirect" title="Otus balli">Otus balli</a></i>, a scops owl</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ninox_affinis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ninox affinis">Ninox affinis</a></i>, a hawk-owl</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhyticeros_narcondami" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhyticeros narcondami">Rhyticeros narcondami</a></i>, the Narcondam hornbill</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dryocopus_hodgei" class="mw-redirect" title="Dryocopus hodgei">Dryocopus hodgei</a></i>, a woodpecker</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dicrurus_andamanensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Dicrurus andamanensis">Dicrurus andamanensis</a></i>, a drongo</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dendrocitta_bayleyii" class="mw-redirect" title="Dendrocitta bayleyii">Dendrocitta bayleyii</a></i>, a treepie</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sturnus_erythropygius" class="mw-redirect" title="Sturnus erythropygius">Sturnus erythropygius</a></i>, the white-headed starling</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Collocalia_affinis" class="mw-redirect" title="Collocalia affinis">Collocalia affinis</a></i>, the plume-toed swiftlet</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aerodramus_fuciphagus" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerodramus fuciphagus">Aerodramus fuciphagus</a></i>, the edible-nest swiftlet</li></ul> <p>The islands' many <a href="/wiki/Cave" title="Cave">caves</a>, such as those at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chalis_Ek_Caves&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chalis Ek Caves (page does not exist)">Chalis Ek</a> are nesting grounds for the edible-nest <a href="/wiki/Swiftlet" title="Swiftlet">swiftlet</a>, whose nests are prized in China for <a href="/wiki/Bird%27s_nest_soup" class="mw-redirect" title="Bird's nest soup">bird's nest soup</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-soup_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-soup-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reptiles_and_amphibians">Reptiles and amphibians</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_Islands&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Reptiles and amphibians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The islands also have a number of endemic <a href="/wiki/Reptile" title="Reptile">reptiles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toad" title="Toad">toads</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frog" title="Frog">frogs</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Andaman_cobra" title="Andaman cobra">Andaman cobra</a> (<i>Naja sagittifera</i>), South Andaman krait (<i><a href="/wiki/Bungarus_andamanensis" title="Bungarus andamanensis">Bungarus andamanensis</a></i>) and Andaman water monitor (<i>Varanus salvator andamanensis</i>). </p><p>There is a sanctuary 72 km (45 mi) from <a href="/wiki/Havelock_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Havelock Island">Havelock Island</a> for <a href="/wiki/Saltwater_crocodile" title="Saltwater crocodile">saltwater crocodiles</a>. Over the past 25 years there have been 24 crocodile attacks with four fatalities, including the death of American tourist Lauren Failla. The government has been criticised for failing to inform tourists of the crocodile sanctuary and danger, while simultaneously promoting tourism.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Crocodiles are not only found within the sanctuary, but throughout the island chain in varying densities. They are habitat restricted, so the population is stable but not large. Populations occur throughout available mangrove habitat on all major islands, including a few creeks on Havelock. The species uses the ocean as a means of travel between different rivers and estuaries, thus they are not as commonly observed in open ocean. It is best to avoid swimming near mangrove areas or the mouths of creeks; swimming in the open ocean should be safe, but it is best to have a spotter around. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_Islands&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_von_Eickstedts_in_the_Andamans_1926.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/The_von_Eickstedts_in_the_Andamans_1926.jpg/220px-The_von_Eickstedts_in_the_Andamans_1926.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/The_von_Eickstedts_in_the_Andamans_1926.jpg/330px-The_von_Eickstedts_in_the_Andamans_1926.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/The_von_Eickstedts_in_the_Andamans_1926.jpg/440px-The_von_Eickstedts_in_the_Andamans_1926.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="416" /></a><figcaption>The von Eickstedts in the Andamans 1926</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Andamanese_Onge.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Andamanese_Onge.png/220px-Andamanese_Onge.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Andamanese_Onge.png/330px-Andamanese_Onge.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Andamanese_Onge.png/440px-Andamanese_Onge.png 2x" data-file-width="636" data-file-height="635" /></a><figcaption>An Andamanese family on the <a href="/wiki/Great_Andaman" title="Great Andaman">Great Andaman</a> island in 2006</figcaption></figure> <p>As of 2011<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Andaman_Islands&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the population of the Andaman was 343,125,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> having grown from 50,000 in 1960. The bulk of the population originates from immigrants who came to the island since the colonial times, mainly of <a href="/wiki/Bengali_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali people">Bengali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language">Hindustani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telugu_people" title="Telugu people">Telugu</a><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Tamil_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil people">Tamil</a> backgrounds.<sup id="cite_ref-distadmin_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-distadmin-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jarwa_Tribes_Andaman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Jarwa_Tribes_Andaman.jpg/220px-Jarwa_Tribes_Andaman.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Jarwa_Tribes_Andaman.jpg/330px-Jarwa_Tribes_Andaman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Jarwa_Tribes_Andaman.jpg/440px-Jarwa_Tribes_Andaman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="756" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption>Tribes of Andaman</figcaption></figure> <p>A small minority of the population are the <a href="/wiki/Andamanese_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Andamanese people">Andamanese</a> — the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples" title="Indigenous peoples">aboriginal inhabitants</a> (<a href="/wiki/Adivasi" title="Adivasi">adivasi</a>) of the islands. When they first came into sustained contact with outside groups in the 1850s, there were an estimated 7,000 Andamanese, divided into the <a href="/wiki/Great_Andamanese" title="Great Andamanese">Great Andamanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jarawa_(Andaman_Islands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jarawa (Andaman Islands)">Jarawa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jangil" title="Jangil">Jangil</a> (or <i>Rutland Jarawa</i>), <a href="/wiki/Onge_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Onge people">Onge</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Sentinelese_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sentinelese people">Sentinelese</a>. The Great Andamanese formed 10 tribes of 5,000 people total. As the numbers of settlers from the mainland increased (at first mostly prisoners and involuntary <a href="/wiki/Indentured_labour" class="mw-redirect" title="Indentured labour">indentured labourers</a>, later purposely recruited farmers), the Andamanese suffered a population decline due to the introduction of outside <a href="/wiki/Infectious_diseases" class="mw-redirect" title="Infectious diseases">infectious diseases</a>, land encroachment from settlers and conflict. </p><p>The Andaman Islands are home to the <a href="/wiki/Sentinelese_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sentinelese people">Sentinelese people</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Uncontacted_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Uncontacted people">uncontacted tribe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to their isolated island location, the Andaman people have mostly avoided contact with the outside world. Their languages are a great reflection of this, with distinct linguistics that have strong <a href="/wiki/Morphology_(linguistics)" title="Morphology (linguistics)">morphological features</a> – root words, prefix, suffixes – with very little relation to surrounding geographic regions.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Figures from the end of the 20th century estimate there remain only approximately 400–450 ethnic Andamanese still on the island, and as few as 50 speakers The Jangil are extinct. Most of the Great Andamanese tribes are extinct, and the survivors, now just 52, speak mostly <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Onge are reduced to less than 100 people. Only the Jarawa and Sentinelese still maintain a steadfast independence and refuse most attempts at contact; their numbers are uncertain but estimated to be in the low hundreds. </p><p>The indigenous languages are collectively referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Andamanese_languages" title="Andamanese languages">Andamanese languages</a>, but they make up at least two independent families, and the dozen or so attested languages are either extinct or endangered. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_Islands&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most of the tribal people in Andaman and Nicobar Islands believe in a religion that can be described as a form of <a href="/wiki/Monotheism" title="Monotheism">monotheistic</a> <a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">animism</a>. The tribal people of these islands believe that <a href="/wiki/Puluga" class="mw-redirect" title="Puluga">Puluga</a> is the only deity and is responsible for everything happening on Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The faith of the Andamanese teaches that Paluga resides on the Andaman and Nicobar Islands' <a href="/wiki/Saddle_Peak_(Andaman_Islands)" title="Saddle Peak (Andaman Islands)">Saddle Peak</a>. People try to avoid any action that might displease Paluga. People belonging to this religion believe in the presence of souls, ghosts, and spirits. They put a lot of emphasis on dreams. They let dreams decide different courses of action in their lives.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Andamanese mythology held that human males emerged from split bamboo, whereas women were fashioned from clay.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One version found by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Reginald_Radcliffe-Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Reginald Radcliffe-Brown">Alfred Reginald Radcliffe-Brown</a> held that the first man died and went to heaven, a pleasurable world, but this blissful period ended due to breaking a food taboo, specifically eating the forbidden vegetables in the Puluga's garden.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus catastrophe ensued, and eventually the people grew overpopulated and didn't follow Puluga's laws,. Hence, there was a <a href="/wiki/Great_Flood" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Flood">Great Flood</a> that left four survivors, who lost their fire.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other religions practiced in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands are, in order of size, <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_Islands&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aberdeen_Bazar,_Port_Blair.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Aberdeen_Bazar%2C_Port_Blair.JPG/220px-Aberdeen_Bazar%2C_Port_Blair.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Aberdeen_Bazar%2C_Port_Blair.JPG/330px-Aberdeen_Bazar%2C_Port_Blair.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Aberdeen_Bazar%2C_Port_Blair.JPG/440px-Aberdeen_Bazar%2C_Port_Blair.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>The capital city of the Andaman Islands, Port Blair</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Port_Blair" title="Port Blair">Port Blair</a> is the chief community on the islands, and the administrative centre of the Union Territory. The Andaman Islands form a single administrative district within the Union Territory, the <a href="/wiki/Andaman_district" title="Andaman district">Andaman district</a> (the Nicobar Islands were separated and established as the new <a href="/wiki/Nicobar_district" title="Nicobar district">Nicobar district</a> in 1974). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_Islands&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The only commercial airport is <a href="/wiki/Veer_Savarkar_International_Airport" title="Veer Savarkar International Airport">Veer Savarkar International Airport</a> in Port Blair, which has scheduled services to <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Visakhapatnam" title="Visakhapatnam">Visakhapatnam</a>. The airport is under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Indian Navy</a>. Prior to 2016 only daylight operations were allowed; however, since 2016 night flights have also operated.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A small airstrip, about 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) long, is located near the eastern shore of North Andaman near <a href="/wiki/Diglipur" title="Diglipur">Diglipur</a>. </p><p>Due to the length of the routes and the small number of airlines flying to the islands, fares have historically been relatively expensive, although cheaper for locals than visitors. Fares are high during the peak seasons of spring and winter, although fares have decreased over time due to the expansion of the civil aviation industry in India. Private flights are also allowed to land in Port Blair airport with prior permission. </p><p>There is also a ship service from Chennai, Visakhapatnam and Kolkata. The journey requires three days and two nights, and depends on weather. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_references">Cultural references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_Islands&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Cultural references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Andaman_Islands" title="Special:EditPage/Andaman Islands">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The islands are prominently featured in <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Conan_Doyle" title="Arthur Conan Doyle">Arthur Conan Doyle</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes">Sherlock Holmes</a> 1890 mystery <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sign_of_the_Four" title="The Sign of the Four">The Sign of the Four</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The magistrate in <a href="/wiki/Lady_Gregory" title="Lady Gregory">Lady Gregory</a>'s play <i><a href="/wiki/Spreading_the_News" title="Spreading the News">Spreading the News</a></i> had formerly served in the islands.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/M._M._Kaye" title="M. M. Kaye">M. M. Kaye</a>'s 1985 novel <i>Death in the Andamans</i><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Marianne_Wiggins" title="Marianne Wiggins">Marianne Wiggins</a>' 1989 novel <i>John Dollar</i> are set in the islands.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The latter begins with an expedition from Burma to celebrate King George's birthday, but turns into a grim survival story after an earthquake and tsunami. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Priyadarshan" title="Priyadarshan">Priyadarshan</a>'s 1996 film <i><a href="/wiki/Kaalapani" title="Kaalapani">Kaalapani</a></i> (Malayalam; <i><a href="/wiki/Sirai_Chaalai" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirai Chaalai">Sirai Chaalai</a></i> in Tamil) depicts the Indian freedom struggle and the lives of prisoners in the <a href="/wiki/Cellular_Jail" title="Cellular Jail">Cellular Jail</a> in Port Blair.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Island's End</i> is a 2011 novel by <a href="/wiki/Padma_Venkatraman" class="mw-redirect" title="Padma Venkatraman">Padma Venkatraman</a> about the training of an indigenous shaman. A principal character in the novel <i><a href="/wiki/Six_Suspects_(novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Six Suspects (novel)">Six Suspects</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Vikas_Swarup" title="Vikas Swarup">Vikas Swarup</a> is from the Andaman Islands. <i>The Last Wave</i> (2014) by Pankaj Sekhsaria is set in the islands. Brodie Moncur, the main protagonist of <a href="/wiki/William_Boyd_(writer)" title="William Boyd (writer)">William Boyd's</a> 2018 novel <i>Love is Blind</i>, spends time in the Andaman Islands in the early years of the 20th century. The Andaman Islands in the period before, during and just after the Second World War are the setting for Uzma Aslan Khan's 'The Miraculous True History of Nomi Ali'. In 2023, Andaman islands were featured in a netflix series named Kaala Paani based on a fictional disease outbreak in 2027.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_Islands&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_endemic_birds_of_the_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="List of endemic birds of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands">List of endemic birds of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_trees_of_the_Andaman_Islands" title="List of trees of the Andaman Islands">List of trees of the Andaman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_islands" title="Lists of islands">Lists of islands</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_Islands&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Notes</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-trained_news.au-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-trained_news.au_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news.com.au/travel/travel-updates/incidents/police-faceoff-with-sentinelese-tribe-as-they-struggle-to-recover-slain-missionarys-body/news-story/a88d3780059939a5e11ebcfb556327ac">"Police face-off with Sentinelese tribe as they struggle to recover slain missionary's body"</a>. <i>News.com.au</i>. 26 November 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181126034539/https://www.news.com.au/travel/travel-updates/incidents/police-faceoff-with-sentinelese-tribe-as-they-struggle-to-recover-slain-missionarys-body/news-story/a88d3780059939a5e11ebcfb556327ac">Archived</a> from the original on 26 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=News.com.au&rft.atitle=Police+face-off+with+Sentinelese+tribe+as+they+struggle+to+recover+slain+missionary%27s+body&rft.date=2018-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.com.au%2Ftravel%2Ftravel-updates%2Fincidents%2Fpolice-faceoff-with-sentinelese-tribe-as-they-struggle-to-recover-slain-missionarys-body%2Fnews-story%2Fa88d3780059939a5e11ebcfb556327ac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160611075752/http://www.and.nic.in/archives/andaman/tribes.php">"Andaman & Nicobar"</a>. <i>The Internet Archive</i>. A&N Administration. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.andaman.gov.in/web/guest/indigenous-tribes">the original</a> on 11 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Internet+Archive&rft.atitle=Andaman+%26+Nicobar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.andaman.gov.in%2Fweb%2Fguest%2Findigenous-tribes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZhuFanZhi-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ZhuFanZhi_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZhuFanZhi_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924023289345"><i>Chau Ju-kua: His Work on the Chinese And Arab Trade in the Twelfth And Thirteenth Centuries, Entitled Chu-fan-chï</i></a>. Translated by Friedrich Hirth; William Woodville Rockhill. St. Petersburg, Printing office of the Imperial academy of sciences. 1911. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924023289345/page/n162">147</a>. <q>When sailing from lan-wu-li to si-lan, if the wind is not fair, ships maybe driven to a place called Yen-to-man. This is a group of two islands in the middle of the sea, one of them being large, the other small; the latter is quite uninhabited. ... The natives on it are of a colour resembling black lacquer; they eat men alive, so that sailors dare not anchor on this coast.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chau+Ju-kua%3A+His+Work+on+the+Chinese+And+Arab+Trade+in+the+Twelfth+And+Thirteenth+Centuries%2C+Entitled+Chu-fan-ch%C3%AF&rft.pages=147&rft.pub=St.+Petersburg%2C+Printing+office+of+the+Imperial+academy+of+sciences&rft.date=1911&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcu31924023289345&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCordier,_HenriYule,_Henry1920" class="citation book cs1">Cordier, Henri; Yule, Henry (1920). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sermarcopolonote00cord"><i>Ser Marco Polo : notes and addenda to Sir Henry Yule's edition, containing the results of recent research and discovery</i></a>. London: John Murray. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sermarcopolonote00cord/page/109">109</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ser+Marco+Polo+%3A+notes+and+addenda+to+Sir+Henry+Yule%27s+edition%2C+containing+the+results+of+recent+research+and+discovery&rft.pages=109&rft.pub=London%3A+John+Murray&rft.date=1920&rft.au=Cordier%2C+Henri&rft.au=Yule%2C+Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsermarcopolonote00cord&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/resource/g7821rm.gct00058/?sp=17">"Wu Bei Zhi Map 17"</a>. <i>Library of Congress</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221105843/https://www.loc.gov/resource/g7821rm.gct00058/?sp=17">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Library+of+Congress&rft.atitle=Wu+Bei+Zhi+Map+17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fresource%2Fg7821rm.gct00058%2F%3Fsp%3D17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaubeyEndicott2013" class="citation journal cs1">Chaubey, Gyaneshwer; Endicott, Phillip (June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioone.org/journals/human-biology/volume-85/issue-1_2f_3/027.085.0307/The-Andaman-Islanders-in-a-Regional-Genetic-Context--Reexamining/10.3378/027.085.0307.full">"The Andaman Islanders in a Regional Genetic Context: Reexamining the Evidence for an Early Peopling of the Archipelago from South Asia"</a>. <i>Human Biology</i>. <b>85</b> (1/3): 153–172. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3378%2F027.085.0307">10.3378/027.085.0307</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0018-7143">0018-7143</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24297224">24297224</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Biology&rft.atitle=The+Andaman+Islanders+in+a+Regional+Genetic+Context%3A+Reexamining+the+Evidence+for+an+Early+Peopling+of+the+Archipelago+from+South+Asia&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=1%2F3&rft.pages=153-172&rft.date=2013-06&rft.issn=0018-7143&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24297224&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3378%2F027.085.0307&rft.aulast=Chaubey&rft.aufirst=Gyaneshwer&rft.au=Endicott%2C+Phillip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbioone.org%2Fjournals%2Fhuman-biology%2Fvolume-85%2Fissue-1_2f_3%2F027.085.0307%2FThe-Andaman-Islanders-in-a-Regional-Genetic-Context--Reexamining%2F10.3378%2F027.085.0307.full&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSitalaximiVargheseKashyap2023" class="citation journal cs1">Sitalaximi, T.; Varghese, N.; Kashyap, V.K. (February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2773044123000074">"Genetic differentiation of Andaman Islanders and their relatedness to Nicobar Islanders"</a>. <i>Human Gene</i>. <b>35</b>: 201148. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.humgen.2023.201148">10.1016/j.humgen.2023.201148</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Gene&rft.atitle=Genetic+differentiation+of+Andaman+Islanders+and+their+relatedness+to+Nicobar+Islanders&rft.volume=35&rft.pages=201148&rft.date=2023-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.humgen.2023.201148&rft.aulast=Sitalaximi&rft.aufirst=T.&rft.au=Varghese%2C+N.&rft.au=Kashyap%2C+V.K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS2773044123000074&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMondalCasalsXuDall'Olio2016" class="citation journal cs1">Mondal, Mayukh; Casals, Ferran; Xu, Tina; Dall'Olio, Giovanni M; Pybus, Marc; Netea, Mihai G; Comas, David; Laayouni, Hafid; Li, Qibin; Majumder, Partha P; Bertranpetit, Jaume (September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/ng.3621">"Genomic analysis of Andamanese provides insights into ancient human migration into Asia and adaptation"</a>. <i>Nature Genetics</i>. <b>48</b> (9): 1066–1070. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fng.3621">10.1038/ng.3621</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10230%2F34401">10230/34401</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1061-4036">1061-4036</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27455350">27455350</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Genetics&rft.atitle=Genomic+analysis+of+Andamanese+provides+insights+into+ancient+human+migration+into+Asia+and+adaptation&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=1066-1070&rft.date=2016-09&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10230%2F34401&rft.issn=1061-4036&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27455350&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fng.3621&rft.aulast=Mondal&rft.aufirst=Mayukh&rft.au=Casals%2C+Ferran&rft.au=Xu%2C+Tina&rft.au=Dall%27Olio%2C+Giovanni+M&rft.au=Pybus%2C+Marc&rft.au=Netea%2C+Mihai+G&rft.au=Comas%2C+David&rft.au=Laayouni%2C+Hafid&rft.au=Li%2C+Qibin&rft.au=Majumder%2C+Partha+P&rft.au=Bertranpetit%2C+Jaume&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fng.3621&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJinamPhippsAghakhanianMajumder2017" class="citation journal cs1">Jinam, Timothy A.; Phipps, Maude E.; Aghakhanian, Farhang; Majumder, Partha P.; Datar, Francisco; Stoneking, Mark; Sawai, Hiromi; Nishida, Nao; Tokunaga, Katsushi; Kawamura, Shoji; Omoto, Keiichi; Saitou, Naruya (August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://academic.oup.com/gbe/article/9/8/2013/3952725/Discerning-the-Origins-of-the-Negritos-First">"Discerning the Origins of the Negritos, First Sundaland People: Deep Divergence and Archaic Admixture"</a>. <i>Genome Biology and Evolution</i>. <b>9</b> (8): 2013–2022. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgbe%2Fevx118">10.1093/gbe/evx118</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1759-6653">1759-6653</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5597900">5597900</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28854687">28854687</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genome+Biology+and+Evolution&rft.atitle=Discerning+the+Origins+of+the+Negritos%2C+First+Sundaland+People%3A+Deep+Divergence+and+Archaic+Admixture&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=2013-2022&rft.date=2017-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5597900%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1759-6653&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28854687&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fgbe%2Fevx118&rft.aulast=Jinam&rft.aufirst=Timothy+A.&rft.au=Phipps%2C+Maude+E.&rft.au=Aghakhanian%2C+Farhang&rft.au=Majumder%2C+Partha+P.&rft.au=Datar%2C+Francisco&rft.au=Stoneking%2C+Mark&rft.au=Sawai%2C+Hiromi&rft.au=Nishida%2C+Nao&rft.au=Tokunaga%2C+Katsushi&rft.au=Kawamura%2C+Shoji&rft.au=Omoto%2C+Keiichi&rft.au=Saitou%2C+Naruya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Fgbe%2Farticle%2F9%2F8%2F2013%2F3952725%2FDiscerning-the-Origins-of-the-Negritos-First&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrishnan2017" class="citation news cs1">Krishnan, Madhuvanti S. (4 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/children/happy-in-havelock/article18376630.ece">"Happy in Havelock"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X">0971-751X</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191222085712/https://www.thehindu.com/children/happy-in-havelock/article18376630.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Happy+in+Havelock&rft.date=2017-05-04&rft.issn=0971-751X&rft.aulast=Krishnan&rft.aufirst=Madhuvanti+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fchildren%2Fhappy-in-havelock%2Farticle18376630.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-goi1908-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-goi1908_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_India1908" class="citation journal cs1">Government of India (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rrwBAAAAYAAJ">"The Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Local Gazetteer"</a>. Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta. <q><i>... In the great Tanjore inscription of 1050 CE, the Andamans are mentioned under a translated name along with the Nicobars, as <b>Nakkavaram</b> or land of the naked people.</i></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Andaman+and+Nicobar+Islands%3A+Local+Gazetteer&rft.date=1908&rft.au=Government+of+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrrwBAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911957–958-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911957–958_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChisholm1911">Chisholm 1911</a>, pp. 957–958.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-olivierblaise-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-olivierblaise_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-olivierblaise_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlaise,_Olivier" class="citation journal cs1">Blaise, Olivier. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110715083143/http://www.picturetank.com/___/series/ff5d5b4d962b08bc130471b877292c58/en/Andaman_Isl.,_India_(1).html">"Andaman Islands, India"</a>. PictureTank. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.picturetank.com/___/series/ff5d5b4d962b08bc130471b877292c58/en/Andaman_Isl.,_India_(1).html">the original</a> on 15 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Andaman+Islands%2C+India&rft.au=Blaise%2C+Olivier&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.picturetank.com%2F___%2Fseries%2Fff5d5b4d962b08bc130471b877292c58%2Fen%2FAndaman_Isl.%2C_India_%281%29.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911958-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911958_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911958_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChisholm1911">Chisholm 1911</a>, p. 958.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kingston, W.H.G. (1873) <i>Shipwrecks and Disasters at Sea</i>. George Routledge and Sons, London.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rapidiq-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rapidiq_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rapidiq.wordpress.com/2012/04/08/the-rise-and-the-fall-of-the-great-andamanese/">"The Rise and Fall of the Great Andamanese"</a>. <i>Confessions of a Linguist!</i>. 8 April 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141217192515/http://rapidiq.wordpress.com/2012/04/08/the-rise-and-the-fall-of-the-great-andamanese/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Confessions+of+a+Linguist%21&rft.atitle=The+Rise+and+Fall+of+the+Great+Andamanese&rft.date=2012-04-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frapidiq.wordpress.com%2F2012%2F04%2F08%2Fthe-rise-and-the-fall-of-the-great-andamanese%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-One_India-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-One_India_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oneindia.com/2007/05/17/who-are-heroes-of-battle-of-aberdeen-1179405748.html">"Who are heroes of Battle of Aberdeen?"</a>. <i>oneindia.com</i>. 17 May 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150709165627/http://www.oneindia.com/2007/05/17/who-are-heroes-of-battle-of-aberdeen-1179405748.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oneindia.com&rft.atitle=Who+are+heroes+of+Battle+of+Aberdeen%3F&rft.date=2007-05-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oneindia.com%2F2007%2F05%2F17%2Fwho-are-heroes-of-battle-of-aberdeen-1179405748.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Andaman_Sheekha-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Andaman_Sheekha_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFsanjib2012" class="citation web cs1">sanjib (15 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.andamansheekha.com/2012/05/16/tribute-at-the-memorial-of-battle-of-aberdeen-today/">"Tribute at the Memorial of "Battle of Aberdeen" Today"</a>. <i>andamansheekha.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150710012822/http://www.andamansheekha.com/2012/05/16/tribute-at-the-memorial-of-battle-of-aberdeen-today/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=andamansheekha.com&rft.atitle=Tribute+at+the+Memorial+of+%22Battle+of+Aberdeen%22+Today&rft.date=2012-05-15&rft.au=sanjib&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.andamansheekha.com%2F2012%2F05%2F16%2Ftribute-at-the-memorial-of-battle-of-aberdeen-today%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Goodheart-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Goodheart_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-28578579_ITM">"The Last Island of the Savages"</a>. <i>American Scholar</i>. 22 September 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20150522060225/https://www.questia.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Scholar&rft.atitle=The+Last+Island+of+the+Savages&rft.date=2000-09-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.accessmylibrary.com%2Fcoms2%2Fsummary_0286-28578579_ITM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100209031136/http://www.andamancellularjail.org/History.htm">"History of Andaman Cellular Jail"</a>. Andamancellularjail.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.andamancellularjail.org/History.htm">the original</a> on 9 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Andaman+Cellular+Jail&rft.pub=Andamancellularjail.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.andamancellularjail.org%2FHistory.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBashfordStrange2004" class="citation book cs1">Bashford, Alison; Strange, Carolyn (4 June 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z72MP1zc4KgC&pg=PA37"><i>Isolation: Places and Practices of Exclusion</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-203-40522-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-203-40522-2"><bdi>978-0-203-40522-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Isolation%3A+Places+and+Practices+of+Exclusion&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2004-06-04&rft.isbn=978-0-203-40522-2&rft.aulast=Bashford&rft.aufirst=Alison&rft.au=Strange%2C+Carolyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dz72MP1zc4KgC%26pg%3DPA37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://imdb.com/title/tt0255289/">"Kala Pani (1996)"</a>. Imdb.com. 12 April 1996. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101112003713/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0255289/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kala+Pani+%281996%29&rft.pub=Imdb.com&rft.date=1996-04-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fimdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0255289%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100906201654/http://www.andamancellularjail.org/ListOfRevolutionaries.htm">"Andaman Islands Political Prisoners"</a>. Andamancellularjail.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.andamancellularjail.org/ListOfRevolutionaries.htm">the original</a> on 6 September 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Andaman+Islands+Political+Prisoners&rft.pub=Andamancellularjail.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.andamancellularjail.org%2FListOfRevolutionaries.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100511175419/http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/21/stories/2005122107881100.htm">"Opinion / News Analysis: Hundred years of the Andamans Cellular Jail"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. Chennai, India. 21 December 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/21/stories/2005122107881100.htm">the original</a> on 11 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Opinion+%2F+News+Analysis%3A+Hundred+years+of+the+Andamans+Cellular+Jail&rft.date=2005-12-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2F2005%2F12%2F21%2Fstories%2F2005122107881100.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.exploreandaman.co.in/islands/dark-history-of-viper-island-andaman">"Discover the dark history of Viper Island : Where punishment was harsh and retribution was swift"</a>. <i>ExploreAndaman</i>. Explore Andaman. 13 April 2023 [13 April 2023 is from HTTP Last-Modified header; webpage says "Feb 25" with no year specified anywhere]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231016195141/https://www.exploreandaman.co.in/islands/dark-history-of-viper-island-andaman">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ExploreAndaman&rft.atitle=Discover+the+dark+history+of+Viper+Island+%3A+Where+punishment+was+harsh+and+retribution+was+swift&rft.date=2023-04-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.exploreandaman.co.in%2Fislands%2Fdark-history-of-viper-island-andaman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thomascook.in/places-to-visit/viper-chain-gang-jail-in-andaman-and-nicobar-5563">"Viper Chain Gang Jail In Andaman And Nicobar"</a>. India Tourism > Andaman And Nicobar Tourism > Places to visit in Andaman And Nicobar. <i>Thomas Cook</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230203223913/https://www.thomascook.in/places-to-visit/viper-chain-gang-jail-in-andaman-and-nicobar-5563">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Thomas+Cook&rft.atitle=Viper+Chain+Gang+Jail+In+Andaman+And+Nicobar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thomascook.in%2Fplaces-to-visit%2Fviper-chain-gang-jail-in-andaman-and-nicobar-5563&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mountainedge.in/Jail-at-viper-island-andman.php">"Jail at Viper Island"</a>. <i>Mountain Edge Tours and Holidays Pvt. Ltd</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231016195237/https://www.mountainedge.in/Jail-at-viper-island-andman.php">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mountain+Edge+Tours+and+Holidays+Pvt.+Ltd.&rft.atitle=Jail+at+Viper+Island&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mountainedge.in%2FJail-at-viper-island-andman.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFL1999–2000" class="citation web cs1">L, Klemen (1999–2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://warfare.gq/dutcheastindies/andaman.html">"The capture of the Andaman Islands, March 1942"</a>. <i>Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210726181150/https://warfare.gq/dutcheastindies/andaman.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forgotten+Campaign%3A+The+Dutch+East+Indies+Campaign+1941%E2%80%931942&rft.atitle=The+capture+of+the+Andaman+Islands%2C+March+1942&rft.date=1999%2F2000&rft.aulast=L&rft.aufirst=Klemen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwarfare.gq%2Fdutcheastindies%2Fandaman.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gruhl, Werner (2007) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ow5Wlmu9MPQC&pg=PA102">Imperial Japan's World War Two, 1931–1945</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151209011823/https://books.google.com/books?id=ow5Wlmu9MPQC&pg=PA102">Archived</a> 9 December 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, Transaction Publishers. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7658-0352-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7658-0352-8">978-0-7658-0352-8</a>. p. 102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/long_reads/cellular-jail-india-integral-country-fight-freedom-independence-british-colony-andaman-and-nicobar-a7883691.html">"How India's Cellular Jail was integral in the country's fight for freedom"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. 11 August 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191110125549/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/long_reads/cellular-jail-india-integral-country-fight-freedom-independence-british-colony-andaman-and-nicobar-a7883691.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=How+India%27s+Cellular+Jail+was+integral+in+the+country%27s+fight+for+freedom&rft.date=2017-08-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Flong_reads%2Fcellular-jail-india-integral-country-fight-freedom-independence-british-colony-andaman-and-nicobar-a7883691.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlanning_Commission_of_India2008" class="citation book cs1">Planning Commission of India (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ujf2N5O4iKgC"><i>Andaman and Nicobar Islands Development Report</i></a>. State Development Report series (illustrated ed.). Academic Foundation. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7188-652-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7188-652-4"><bdi>978-81-7188-652-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151209011823/https://books.google.com/books?id=ujf2N5O4iKgC">Archived</a> from the original on 9 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Andaman+and+Nicobar+Islands+Development+Report&rft.series=State+Development+Report+series&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Academic+Foundation&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-81-7188-652-4&rft.au=Planning+Commission+of+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dujf2N5O4iKgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.surfermag.com/magazine/archivedissues/quest-for-fire">"Surfer Explores The Andaman Islands"</a>. <i>Surfermag.com</i>. Surfer Magazine. 22 July 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100819112026/http://www.surfermag.com/magazine/archivedissues/quest-for-fire/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Surfermag.com&rft.atitle=Surfer+Explores+The+Andaman+Islands&rft.date=2010-07-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surfermag.com%2Fmagazine%2Farchivedissues%2Fquest-for-fire&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cnn.com-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cnn.com_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cnn.com_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/25/asia/missionary-john-chau-north-sentinel-island-sentinelese/index.html">"Indian authorities struggle to retrieve US missionary feared killed on remote island"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. 25 November 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181125131356/https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/25/asia/missionary-john-chau-north-sentinel-island-sentinelese/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Indian+authorities+struggle+to+retrieve+US+missionary+feared+killed+on+remote+island&rft.date=2018-11-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2018%2F11%2F25%2Fasia%2Fmissionary-john-chau-north-sentinel-island-sentinelese%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3tier_2018_toi-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-3tier_2018_toi_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-3tier_2018_toi_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJain2018" class="citation news cs1">Jain, Bharti (23 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/us-national-defied-3-tier-curbs-caution-to-reach-island/articleshow/66758172.cms">"US National Defied 3-tier Curbs & Caution to Reach Island"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181126001420/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/us-national-defied-3-tier-curbs-caution-to-reach-island/articleshow/66758172.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 26 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=US+National+Defied+3-tier+Curbs+%26+Caution+to+Reach+Island&rft.date=2018-11-23&rft.aulast=Jain&rft.aufirst=Bharti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2Fus-national-defied-3-tier-curbs-caution-to-reach-island%2Farticleshow%2F66758172.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndaman_and_Nicobar_Police2018" class="citation web cs1">Andaman and Nicobar Police (29 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://police.andaman.gov.in/index.php/en/2013-10-13-13-21-25/foreigners/for-foreign-tourist.html">"For Foreign Tourists"</a>. <i>police.andaman.gov.in</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2021</span>. <q>... no RAP is required by foreigners to visit these islands, till 31.12.2022</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=police.andaman.gov.in&rft.atitle=For+Foreign+Tourists&rft.date=2018-06-29&rft.au=Andaman+and+Nicobar+Police&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpolice.andaman.gov.in%2Findex.php%2Fen%2F2013-10-13-13-21-25%2Fforeigners%2Ffor-foreign-tourist.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlenday2013" class="citation book cs1">Glenday, Craig (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/guinnessworldrec0000unse_r3e7/page/015"><i>Guinness Book of World Records 2014</i></a>. The Jim Pattison Group. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/guinnessworldrec0000unse_r3e7/page/015">015</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-908843-15-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-908843-15-9"><bdi>978-1-908843-15-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guinness+Book+of+World+Records+2014&rft.pages=015&rft.pub=The+Jim+Pattison+Group&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-908843-15-9&rft.aulast=Glenday&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fguinnessworldrec0000unse_r3e7%2Fpage%2F015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-folklore-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-folklore_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhaumik2005" class="citation news cs1">Bhaumik, Subir (20 January 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4181855.stm">"Tsunami folklore 'saved islanders'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. BBC News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Tsunami+folklore+%27saved+islanders%27&rft.date=2005-01-20&rft.aulast=Bhaumik&rft.aufirst=Subir&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fsouth_asia%2F4181855.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrand,_CarlMasek,_John2007" class="citation book cs1">Strand, Carl; Masek, John, eds. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131024115815/http://www.asce.org/Product.aspx?id=2147486137&productid=5511"><i>Sumatra-Andaman Islands Earthquake and Tsunami of December 26, 2004</i></a>. Reston, VA: ASCE, Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780784409510" title="Special:BookSources/9780784409510"><bdi>9780784409510</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asce.org/Product.aspx?id=2147486137&productid=5511">the original</a> on 24 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sumatra-Andaman+Islands+Earthquake+and+Tsunami+of+December+26%2C+2004&rft.place=Reston%2C+VA&rft.pub=ASCE%2C+Technical+Council+on+Lifeline+Earthquake+Engineering&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780784409510&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asce.org%2FProduct.aspx%3Fid%3D2147486137%26productid%3D5511&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Planning_Commission_Report-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Planning_Commission_Report_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Planning_Commission_Report_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlanning_Commission_of_India2008" class="citation book cs1">Planning Commission of India (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ujf2N5O4iKgC"><i>Andaman and Nicobar Islands Development Report</i></a>. State Development Report series (illustrated ed.). Academic Foundation. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7188-652-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7188-652-4"><bdi>978-81-7188-652-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151209011823/https://books.google.com/books?id=ujf2N5O4iKgC">Archived</a> from the original on 9 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Andaman+and+Nicobar+Islands+Development+Report&rft.series=State+Development+Report+series&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Academic+Foundation&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-81-7188-652-4&rft.au=Planning+Commission+of+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dujf2N5O4iKgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tsu-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tsu_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tsu_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Chakrabarti, P.; Nag, A.; Dutta, S. B.; Dasgupta, S. and Gupta, N. (2006) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5gEBfvCBclUC&pg=PA42">S & T Input: Earthquake and Tsunami Effects...</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151209011823/https://books.google.com/books?id=5gEBfvCBclUC&pg=PA42">Archived</a> 9 December 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, page 43. Chapter 5 in S. M. Ramasamy et al. (eds.), <i>Geomatics in Tsunami</i>, New India Publishing. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-89422-31-6" title="Special:BookSources/81-89422-31-6">81-89422-31-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.andamantourism.gov.in/capital.php">"Andaman Tourism – Science Centre"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Andaman+Tourism+%E2%80%93+Science+Centre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.andamantourism.gov.in%2Fcapital.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=260010">"Global Volcanism Program – Barren Island"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Global+Volcanism+Program+%E2%80%93+Barren+Island&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvolcano.si.edu%2Fvolcano.cfm%3Fvn%3D260010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911956-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911956_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChisholm1911">Chisholm 1911</a>, p. 956.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/im0101">"Andaman Islands rain forests"</a>. <i>Terrestrial Ecoregions</i>. World Wildlife Fund<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Terrestrial+Ecoregions&rft.atitle=Andaman+Islands+rain+forests&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldwildlife.org%2Fecoregions%2Fim0101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/mermaid-plant-india-andamans-archipelago-b1903845.html">"Indian scientists discover new 'mermaid' plant species in Andamans archipelago"</a></span>. <i>The Independent</i>. 17 August 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210817145707/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/mermaid-plant-india-andamans-archipelago-b1903845.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Indian+scientists+discover+new+%27mermaid%27+plant+species+in+Andamans+archipelago&rft.date=2021-08-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fscience%2Fmermaid-plant-india-andamans-archipelago-b1903845.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Singh-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Singh_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Singh_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2018" class="citation news cs1">Singh, Shiv Sahay (25 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/andaman-nicobar-islands-home-to-a-tenth-of-indias-fauna-species/article25592134.ece">"Andaman & Nicobar Islands: home to a tenth of India's fauna species"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X">0971-751X</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191218190850/https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/andaman-nicobar-islands-home-to-a-tenth-of-indias-fauna-species/article25592134.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 18 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Andaman+%26+Nicobar+Islands%3A+home+to+a+tenth+of+India%27s+fauna+species&rft.date=2018-11-25&rft.issn=0971-751X&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Shiv+Sahay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fsci-tech%2Fenergy-and-environment%2Fandaman-nicobar-islands-home-to-a-tenth-of-indias-fauna-species%2Farticle25592134.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SrinivasuluSrinivasulu2012-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SrinivasuluSrinivasulu2012_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSrinivasuluSrinivasulu2012" class="citation book cs1">Srinivasulu, C.; Srinivasulu, B. (2012). <i>South Asian Mammals: Their Diversity, Distribution, and Status</i>. Springer. p. 353. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781461434498" title="Special:BookSources/9781461434498"><bdi>9781461434498</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=South+Asian+Mammals%3A+Their+Diversity%2C+Distribution%2C+and+Status&rft.pages=353&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781461434498&rft.aulast=Srinivasulu&rft.aufirst=C.&rft.au=Srinivasulu%2C+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-soup-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-soup_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sankaran, R. (1998), <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.traffic.org/species-reports/traffic_species_birds8.pdf">The impact of nest collection on the Edible-nest Swiftlet in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100704194845/http://www.traffic.org/species-reports/traffic_species_birds8.pdf">Archived</a> 4 July 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>. Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Coimbatore, India.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSacks,_Ethan2010" class="citation news cs1">Sacks, Ethan (6 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/nj-woman-killed-crocodile-attack-snorkeling-indian-coast-article-1.445025">"NJ woman killed by crocodile attack while snorkeling off Indian coast"</a>. <i>NY Daily News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170426151615/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/nj-woman-killed-crocodile-attack-snorkeling-indian-coast-article-1.445025">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NY+Daily+News&rft.atitle=NJ+woman+killed+by+crocodile+attack+while+snorkeling+off+Indian+coast&rft.date=2010-05-06&rft.au=Sacks%2C+Ethan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nydailynews.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fnj-woman-killed-crocodile-attack-snorkeling-indian-coast-article-1.445025&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100619045535/http://www.india.gov.in/knowindia/ut_andaman.php">"Andaman & Nicobar Islands"</a>. india.gov.in. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://india.gov.in/knowindia/ut_andaman.php">the original</a> on 19 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Andaman+%26+Nicobar+Islands&rft.pub=india.gov.in&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findia.gov.in%2Fknowindia%2Fut_andaman.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/telugu-culture-flourishing-in-andamans/article6136317.ece">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-distadmin-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-distadmin_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111213201339/http://andamandt.nic.in/profile.htm">"Andaman & Nicobar Islands at a glance"</a>. Andamandt.nic.in. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://andamandt.nic.in/profile.htm">the original</a> on 13 December 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Andaman+%26+Nicobar+Islands+at+a+glance&rft.pub=Andamandt.nic.in&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fandamandt.nic.in%2Fprofile.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/kionasmith/2018/11/30/everything-we-know-about-the-isolated-sentinelese-people-of-north-sentinel-island/">"Everything We Know About The Isolated Sentinelese People Of North Sentinel Island"</a>. <i>Forbes</i>. 30 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Everything+We+Know+About+The+Isolated+Sentinelese+People+Of+North+Sentinel+Island&rft.date=2018-11-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fkionasmith%2F2018%2F11%2F30%2Feverything-we-know-about-the-isolated-sentinelese-people-of-north-sentinel-island%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEndicottGilbertStringerLalueza-Fox2003" class="citation journal cs1">Endicott, Phillip; Gilbert, M. Thomas P.; Stringer, Chris; Lalueza-Fox, Carles; Willerslev, Eske; Hansen, Anders J.; Cooper, Alan (January 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/345487">"The Genetic Origins of the Andaman Islanders"</a>. <i>The American Journal of Human Genetics</i>. <b>72</b> (1): 178–184. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F345487">10.1086/345487</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-9297">0002-9297</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC378623">378623</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12478481">12478481</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Human+Genetics&rft.atitle=The+Genetic+Origins+of+the+Andaman+Islanders&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=178-184&rft.date=2003-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC378623%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0002-9297&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12478481&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F345487&rft.aulast=Endicott&rft.aufirst=Phillip&rft.au=Gilbert%2C+M.+Thomas+P.&rft.au=Stringer%2C+Chris&rft.au=Lalueza-Fox%2C+Carles&rft.au=Willerslev%2C+Eske&rft.au=Hansen%2C+Anders+J.&rft.au=Cooper%2C+Alan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1086%2F345487&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalekar2010" class="citation news cs1">Malekar, Anosh (April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927215058/http://infochangeindia.org/Media/Languages-of-India/The-case-for-a-linguistic-survey.html">"The case for a linguistic survey"</a>. <i>InfoChange News & Features</i>. India. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://infochangeindia.org/Media/Languages-of-India/The-case-for-a-linguistic-survey.html">the original</a> on 27 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=InfoChange+News+%26+Features&rft.atitle=The+case+for+a+linguistic+survey&rft.date=2010-04&rft.aulast=Malekar&rft.aufirst=Anosh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finfochangeindia.org%2FMedia%2FLanguages-of-India%2FThe-case-for-a-linguistic-survey.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadcliffe-Brown,_A._R.2013" class="citation book cs1">Radcliffe-Brown, A. R. (14 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iRJaAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA161"><i>The Andaman Islanders</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 161. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-62556-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-62556-3"><bdi>978-1-107-62556-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170426152135/https://books.google.com/books?id=iRJaAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA161">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Andaman+Islanders&rft.pages=161&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2013-11-14&rft.isbn=978-1-107-62556-3&rft.au=Radcliffe-Brown%2C+A.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiRJaAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA161&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webindia123.com/territories/andaman/people/intro.htm">"People of Andaman and Nicobar Islands"</a>. <i>Webindia123.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160601155012/http://www.webindia123.com/Territories/ANDAMAN/People/intro.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 1 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Webindia123.com&rft.atitle=People+of+Andaman+and+Nicobar+Islands&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webindia123.com%2Fterritories%2Fandaman%2Fpeople%2Fintro.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Radcliffe-Brown, Alfred Reginald. The Andaman Islanders: A study in social anthropology . 2nd printing (enlarged). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1933 [1906]. p. 192</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Radcliffe-Brown, Alfred Reginald. The Andaman Islanders: A study in social anthropology . 2nd printing (enlarged). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1933 [1906]. p. 220</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Radcliffe-Brown, Alfred Reginald. The Andaman Islanders: A study in social anthropology . 2nd printing (enlarged). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1933 [1906]. p. 216</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Witzel, Michael E.J. (2012). The Origin of The World's Mythologies. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 309-312</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/C_Series/Population_by_religious_communities.htm">"Population by religious communities"</a>. censusindia.gov.in. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190106014425/http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/C_Series/Population_by_religious_communities.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+by+religious+communities&rft.pub=censusindia.gov.in&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2FCensus_Data_2001%2FCensus_data_finder%2FC_Series%2FPopulation_by_religious_communities.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaháʼí" class="citation web cs1">Baháʼí. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bahai.org/national-communities/andaman-and-nicobar-islands">"Baháʼí Community of Andaman and Nicobar Islands"</a>. <i>Baháʼí Community</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170817163632/http://www.bahai.org/national-communities/andaman-and-nicobar-islands">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Community&rft.atitle=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Community+of+Andaman+and+Nicobar+Islands&rft.au=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bahai.org%2Fnational-communities%2Fandaman-and-nicobar-islands&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoy,_Sanjib_KumarSheekha,_Andaman2016" class="citation news cs1">Roy, Sanjib Kumar; Sheekha, Andaman, eds. (21 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.andamansheekha.com/2016/01/21/maiden-night-flight-arrives-in-isles-goair-flight-with-155-tourists-lands-at-vsi-airport-to-operate-chartered-flight-between-bengaluru-port-blair/">"Maiden night flight arrives in Isles"</a>. <i>Andaman Sheekha</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161002092304/http://www.andamansheekha.com/2016/01/21/maiden-night-flight-arrives-in-isles-goair-flight-with-155-tourists-lands-at-vsi-airport-to-operate-chartered-flight-between-bengaluru-port-blair/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Andaman+Sheekha&rft.atitle=Maiden+night+flight+arrives+in+Isles&rft.date=2016-01-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.andamansheekha.com%2F2016%2F01%2F21%2Fmaiden-night-flight-arrives-in-isles-goair-flight-with-155-tourists-lands-at-vsi-airport-to-operate-chartered-flight-between-bengaluru-port-blair%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.litcharts.com/lit/the-sign-of-the-four/summary">"LitCharts"</a>. <i>LitCharts</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LitCharts&rft.atitle=LitCharts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.litcharts.com%2Flit%2Fthe-sign-of-the-four%2Fsummary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChatterjee2019" class="citation journal cs1">Chatterjee, Arup K. (11 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.21463%2FSHIMA.14.2.14">"The Science of the Andamans and the Sign of the Four: The distorted racial hierarchy of British imperial anthropology"</a>. <i>Shima: The International Journal of Research into Island Cultures</i>. <b>14</b> (2). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.21463%2FSHIMA.14.2.14">10.21463/SHIMA.14.2.14</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:224924041">224924041</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Shima%3A+The+International+Journal+of+Research+into+Island+Cultures&rft.atitle=The+Science+of+the+Andamans+and+the+Sign+of+the+Four%3A+The+distorted+racial+hierarchy+of+British+imperial+anthropology&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2019-02-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.21463%2FSHIMA.14.2.14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A224924041%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Chatterjee&rft.aufirst=Arup+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.21463%252FSHIMA.14.2.14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGregory1909" class="citation book cs1">Gregory, Lady (1909). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RkE2AQAAMAAJ"><i>Spreading the News</i></a>. Putnam.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spreading+the+News&rft.pub=Putnam&rft.date=1909&rft.aulast=Gregory&rft.aufirst=Lady&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRkE2AQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaye2015" class="citation book cs1">Kaye, M. M. (1 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IADkCgAAQBAJ"><i>Death in the Andamans</i></a>. St. Martin's Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-250-08926-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-250-08926-7"><bdi>978-1-250-08926-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Death+in+the+Andamans&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.isbn=978-1-250-08926-7&rft.aulast=Kaye&rft.aufirst=M.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIADkCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWiggins1990" class="citation book cs1">Wiggins, Marianne (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LC7HfgbTFaQC"><i>John Dollar</i></a>. Harper & Row. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-091655-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-091655-8"><bdi>978-0-06-091655-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Dollar&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-06-091655-8&rft.aulast=Wiggins&rft.aufirst=Marianne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLC7HfgbTFaQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19950615-kaala-paani-a-malayalam-film-banks-on-lavish-budget-freedom-movement-and-multilingual-cast-806763-1995-06-14">"Kaala Paani, a Malayalam film banks on lavish budget, freedom movement and multilingual cast"</a>. <i>India Today</i>. 15 June 1995<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=India+Today&rft.atitle=Kaala+Paani%2C+a+Malayalam+film+banks+on+lavish+budget%2C+freedom+movement+and+multilingual+cast&rft.date=1995-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatoday.in%2Fmagazine%2Findiascope%2Fstory%2F19950615-kaala-paani-a-malayalam-film-banks-on-lavish-budget-freedom-movement-and-multilingual-cast-806763-1995-06-14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><b>Sources</b> </p> <ul><li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Andaman_Islands" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Andaman Islands">Andaman Islands</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 955–958.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Andaman+Islands&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=955-958&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304034922/http://www.andamantravelagent.com/about-andaman">History & Culture. The Andaman Islands with destination quide</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFL2000" class="citation web cs1">L, Klemen (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726053035/http://www.dutcheastindies.webs.com/index.html">"Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://warfare.gq/dutcheastindies/index.html">the original</a> on 26 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Forgotten+Campaign%3A+The+Dutch+East+Indies+Campaign+1941%E2%80%931942&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=L&rft.aufirst=Klemen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwarfare.gq%2Fdutcheastindies%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIndia_Home_Dept1859" class="citation book cs1">India Home Dept (1859). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E0xFAAAAYAAJ"><i>The Andaman Islands: With Notes on Barren Island</i></a>. C.B. Lewis, Baptist Mission Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Andaman+Islands%3A+With+Notes+on+Barren+Island&rft.pub=C.B.+Lewis%2C+Baptist+Mission+Press&rft.date=1859&rft.au=India+Home+Dept&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE0xFAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuresh_Vaidya1960" class="citation book cs1">Suresh Vaidya (1960). <i>Islands of the Marigold Sun</i>. Robert Hale.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islands+of+the+Marigold+Sun&rft.pub=Robert+Hale&rft.date=1960&rft.au=Suresh+Vaidya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaleigh_Trevelyan1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Raleigh_Trevelyan" title="Raleigh Trevelyan">Raleigh Trevelyan</a> (1987). <i>The Golden Oriole: Childhood, Family and Friends in India</i>. Secker & Warburg.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Golden+Oriole%3A+Childhood%2C+Family+and+Friends+in+India&rft.pub=Secker+%26+Warburg&rft.date=1987&rft.au=Raleigh+Trevelyan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_Islands&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Andaman_Islands" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Andaman Islands">Andaman Islands</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181213232827/http://www.and.nic.in/">Official Andaman and Nicobar Tourism Website</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSorenson1993" class="citation cs2">Sorenson, E. Richard (1993), "Sensuality and Consciousness:Psychosexual Transformation in the Eastern Andaman", <i>Anthropology of Consciousness</i>, <b>4</b> (4): 1–9, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fac.1993.4.4.1">10.1525/ac.1993.4.4.1</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anthropology+of+Consciousness&rft.atitle=Sensuality+and+Consciousness%3APsychosexual+Transformation+in+the+Eastern+Andaman&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1-9&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Fac.1993.4.4.1&rft.aulast=Sorenson&rft.aufirst=E.+Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSen2009" class="citation cs2">Sen, Satadru (2009), "Savage Bodies, Civilized Pleasures: M. V. Portman and the Andamanese", <i>American Ethnologist</i>, <b>36</b> (2): 364–379, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1548-1425.2009.01140.x">10.1111/j.1548-1425.2009.01140.x</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Ethnologist&rft.atitle=Savage+Bodies%2C+Civilized+Pleasures%3A+M.+V.+Portman+and+the+Andamanese&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=364-379&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1548-1425.2009.01140.x&rft.aulast=Sen&rft.aufirst=Satadru&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ecoregions_of_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ecoregions_of_India" title="Template:Ecoregions of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ecoregions_of_India" title="Template talk:Ecoregions of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ecoregions_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ecoregions of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ecoregions_of_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_India" title="List of ecoregions in India">Ecoregions of India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tropical and <br />subtropical <br />Forests</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tropical_and_subtropical_moist_broadleaf_forests" title="Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests">Moist <br />broadleaf</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_Islands_rain_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Andaman Islands rain forests">Andaman Islands rain forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmaputra_Valley_semi-evergreen_forests" title="Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests">Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_highlands_moist_deciduous_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern highlands moist deciduous forests">Eastern highlands moist deciduous forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himalayan_subtropical_broadleaf_forests" title="Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests">Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Gangetic_Plains_moist_deciduous_forests" title="Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests">Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malabar_Coast_moist_forests" title="Malabar Coast moist forests">Malabar Coast moist forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives%E2%80%93Lakshadweep%E2%80%93Chagos_Archipelago_tropical_moist_forests" title="Maldives–Lakshadweep–Chagos Archipelago tropical moist forests">Maldives–Lakshadweep–Chagos Archipelago tropical moist forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghalaya_subtropical_forests" title="Meghalaya subtropical forests">Meghalaya subtropical forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizoram%E2%80%93Manipur%E2%80%93Kachin_rain_forests" title="Mizoram–Manipur–Kachin rain forests">Mizoram–Manipur–Kachin rain forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicobar_Islands_rain_forests" title="Nicobar Islands rain forests">Nicobar Islands rain forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Western_Ghats_moist_deciduous_forests" title="North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests">North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Western_Ghats_montane_rain_forests" title="North Western Ghats montane rain forests">North Western Ghats montane rain forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odisha_semi-evergreen_forests" title="Odisha semi-evergreen forests">Odisha semi-evergreen forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Western_Ghats_moist_deciduous_forests" title="South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests">South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Western_Ghats_montane_rain_forests" title="South Western Ghats montane rain forests">South Western Ghats montane rain forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundarbans_freshwater_swamp_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Sundarbans freshwater swamp forests">Sundarbans freshwater swamp forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Gangetic_Plains_moist_deciduous_forests" title="Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests">Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tropical_and_subtropical_dry_broadleaf_forests" title="Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests">Dry <br />broadleaf</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Deccan_Plateau_dry_deciduous_forests" title="Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests">Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chota_Nagpur_dry_deciduous_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Chota Nagpur dry deciduous forests">Chota Nagpur dry deciduous forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Deccan_dry_evergreen_forests" title="East Deccan dry evergreen forests">East Deccan dry evergreen forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khathiar%E2%80%93Gir_dry_deciduous_forests" title="Khathiar–Gir dry deciduous forests">Khathiar–Gir dry deciduous forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narmada_Valley_dry_deciduous_forests" title="Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests">Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_dry_deciduous_forests" title="Northern dry deciduous forests">Northern dry deciduous forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Deccan_Plateau_dry_deciduous_forests" title="South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests">South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tropical_and_subtropical_coniferous_forests" title="Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests">Coniferous</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Himalayan_subtropical_pine_forests" title="Himalayan subtropical pine forests">Himalayan subtropical pine forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_India%E2%80%93Myanmar_pine_forests" title="Northeast India–Myanmar pine forests">Northeast India–Myanmar pine forests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Temperate <br />Forests</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Temperate_broadleaf_and_mixed_forests" title="Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests">Himalayan Broadleaf</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Himalayan_broadleaf_forests" title="Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Himalayan_broadleaf_forests" title="Western Himalayan broadleaf forests">Western</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Temperate_coniferous_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate coniferous forests">Himalayan Subalpine conifer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Himalayan_subalpine_conifer_forests" title="Eastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Himalayan_subalpine_conifer_forests" title="Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests">Western</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grasslands, <br /> Shrublands, <br />and <br />Savannas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tropical_and_subtropical_grasslands,_savannas,_and_shrublands" title="Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands">Tropical and subtropical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terai%E2%80%93Duar_savanna_and_grasslands" title="Terai–Duar savanna and grasslands">Terai–Duar savanna and grasslands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Montane_grasslands_and_shrublands" title="Montane grasslands and shrublands">Montane</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tibetan Plateau Alpine Steppe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Tibetan_Plateau_alpine_steppe" title="Central Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakoram%E2%80%93West_Tibetan_Plateau_alpine_steppe" title="Karakoram–West Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe">Karakoram-West</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Himalayan Alpine shrub and Meadows</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Himalayan_alpine_shrub_and_meadows" title="Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Himalayan_alpine_shrub_and_meadows" title="Northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows">Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Himalayan_alpine_shrub_and_meadows" title="Western Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows">Western</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Flooded_grasslands_and_savannas" title="Flooded grasslands and savannas">Flooded</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rann_of_Kutch_seasonal_salt_marsh" class="mw-redirect" title="Rann of Kutch seasonal salt marsh">Rann of Kutch seasonal salt marsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deserts_and_xeric_shrublands" title="Deserts and xeric shrublands">Deserts and Xeric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deccan_thorn_scrub_forests" title="Deccan thorn scrub forests">Deccan thorn scrub forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_thorn_scrub_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwestern thorn scrub forests">Northwestern thorn scrub forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thar_Desert" title="Thar Desert">Thar Desert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mangrove" title="Mangrove">Mangrove</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Godavari%E2%80%93Krishna_mangroves" title="Godavari–Krishna mangroves">Godavari–Krishna mangroves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_River_Delta%E2%80%93Arabian_Sea_mangroves" title="Indus River Delta–Arabian Sea mangroves">Indus River Delta–Arabian Sea mangroves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundarbans_mangroves" class="mw-redirect" title="Sundarbans mangroves">Sundarbans mangroves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_India" title="List of ecoregions in India">Ecoregions of India</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/19px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/29px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/38px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islands" title="Portal:Islands">Islands</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/21px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/42px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186233#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186233#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186233#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/315528092">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1277853/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvHgRJwwTt4pq64gwqRKd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4001911-1">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh96007926">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120652818">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120652818">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Andamany (Indie : souostroví)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0098227&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX6019487">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/b8nqp0qv3b13hdr">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007561381105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028916077">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10036972">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Andaman_Islands&oldid=1258570812">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Andaman_Islands&oldid=1258570812</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="Category:Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Archipelagoes_of_the_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="Category:Archipelagoes of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Archipelagoes of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Archipelagoes_of_India" title="Category:Archipelagoes of India">Archipelagoes of India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Archipelagoes_of_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Category:Archipelagoes of the Indian Ocean">Archipelagoes of the Indian Ocean</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Archipelagoes_of_Southeast_Asia" title="Category:Archipelagoes of Southeast Asia">Archipelagoes of Southeast Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Maritime_Southeast_Asia" title="Category:Maritime Southeast Asia">Maritime Southeast Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Volcanoes_of_India" title="Category:Volcanoes of India">Volcanoes of India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pleistocene_volcanoes" title="Category:Pleistocene volcanoes">Pleistocene volcanoes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pleistocene_Asia" title="Category:Pleistocene Asia">Pleistocene Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lands_inhabited_by_indigenous_peoples" title="Category:Lands inhabited by indigenous peoples">Lands inhabited by indigenous peoples</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_missing_periodical" title="Category:CS1 errors: missing periodical">CS1 errors: missing periodical</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_September_2024" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from September 2024">Articles with dead external links from September 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_June_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from June 2020">Use dmy dates from June 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_Indian_English_from_June_2016" title="Category:Use Indian English from June 2016">Use Indian English from June 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Indian_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English">All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_October_2023" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from October 2023">Articles needing additional references from October 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Chinese-language text">Articles containing Chinese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references" title="Category:All articles lacking reliable references">All articles lacking reliable references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_April_2019" title="Category:Articles lacking reliable references from April 2019">Articles lacking reliable references from April 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from October 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_May_2014" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from May 2014">Articles with unsourced statements from May 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2011" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_April_2024" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from April 2024">Articles needing additional references from April 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_April_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from April 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1911_Encyclopaedia_Britannica_with_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_text_from_the_1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica">Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 20 November 2024, at 12:36<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Andaman_Islands&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-57d866b47c-qxs62","wgBackendResponseTime":128,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.587","walltime":"1.909","ppvisitednodes":{"value":10115,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":238535,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":11826,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":13,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":264139,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1665.380 1 -total"," 32.93% 548.387 1 Template:Reflist"," 17.15% 285.620 1 Template:Infobox_islands"," 16.06% 267.432 1 Template:Infobox"," 8.03% 133.811 12 Template:Cite_news"," 7.18% 119.610 26 Template:Cite_web"," 7.15% 119.148 1 Template:Lang"," 5.93% 98.730 5 Template:Navbox"," 5.69% 94.721 1 Template:Ecoregions_of_India"," 5.62% 93.645 15 Template:Cite_book"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.025","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":22075047,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAndaman_and_Nicobar_Police2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaháʼí\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBashfordStrange2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBhaumik2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlaise,_Olivier\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChatterjee2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChaubeyEndicott2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChisholm1911\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCordier,_HenriYule,_Henry1920\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEndicottGilbertStringerLalueza-Fox2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGlenday2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGovernment_of_India1908\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGregory1909\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIndia_Home_Dept1859\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJain2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJinamPhippsAghakhanianMajumder2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaye2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrishnan2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFL1999–2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFL2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMalekar2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMondalCasalsXuDall\u0026#039;Olio2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPlanning_Commission_of_India2008\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFRadcliffe-Brown,_A._R.2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRaleigh_Trevelyan1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoy,_Sanjib_KumarSheekha,_Andaman2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSacks,_Ethan2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSen2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSingh2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSitalaximiVargheseKashyap2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSorenson1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSrinivasuluSrinivasulu2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStrand,_CarlMasek,_John2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSuresh_Vaidya1960\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWiggins1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFsanjib2012\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"As of\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Better source needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Center\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 2,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 7,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 15,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 8,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 12,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 26,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 9,\n [\"Coord\"] = 1,\n [\"Cvt\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"EB1911\"] = 1,\n [\"Ecoregions of India\"] = 1,\n [\"Em\"] = 1,\n [\"IND\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 2,\n [\"Infobox islands\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 1,\n [\"MMR\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Refimprove section\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Rp\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 4,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"URL\"] = 1,\n [\"Use Indian English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Verification\"] = 1,\n [\"WWF ecoregion\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 3,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","280","25.9"],["?","240","22.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","100","9.3"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","100","9.3"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","60","5.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","40","3.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","40","3.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::anchorEncode","20","1.9"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","20","1.9"],["(for generator)","20","1.9"],["[others]","160","14.8"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-67f88964cf-tqgzj","timestamp":"20241212215110","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Andaman Islands","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Andaman_Islands","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q186233","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q186233","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-08-27T10:15:09Z","dateModified":"2024-11-20T12:36:52Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/1f\/Andaman_Islands.PNG","headline":"archipelago in the Bay of Bengal"}</script> </body> </html>