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View source for 1983 - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Add the article for other languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Add languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1983" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Page</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:1983" rel="discussion" title="Discussion about the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div 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class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1983&amp;action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div 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All 269 people on board are killed. * [[September 19]] – [[St. Kitts and Nevis]] becomes an independent nation. * [[September 27]] – The [[GNU Project]] is announced publicly on net.unix wizards and net.usoftnewsgroups. * [[October 19]] – [[Grenada]]n prime minister [[Maurice Bishop]], and 40 other people are assassinated in a coup. * [[November 11]] – [[Ronald Reagan]] addressed the [[Japanese Diet]] (national legislature). * November 25- The Great Man Called Suman Was Born.....In Kolkata, Westbengal, India. * [[December 10]] – Military rule ends in [[Argentina]]. * [[December 31]] – [[Brunei]] becomes independent. === Culture === * [[Compact discs]] are introduced; vinyl records begin a dramatic decline in sales. * "Crack" [[cocaine]] is first developed. * [[Phish]] forms * [[Billie Jean King]] retires from [[tennis]] == Births == === January – June === * [[January 2]] – [[Kate Bosworth]], American actress * [[January 16]] – [[Emanuel Pogatetz]], Austrian footballer * [[January 17]] – [[Yelle]], French singer and songwriter * [[January 21]] – [[Maryse Ouellet]], Canadian professional wrestler * [[February 3]] – [[Gabriel Sargissian]], Armenian chess Grandmaster * [[February 23]] – [[Emily Blunt]], English actress * [[February 25]] – [[Eduardo da Silva]], Brazilian-Croatian footballer * [[March 9]] – [[Clint Dempsey]], American footballer * [[April 1]] – [[Franck Ribéry]], French footballer * [[April 14]] – [[James McFadden]], Scottish footballer * [[April 18]] - [[Miguel Cabrera]], Venezuelan baseball player * [[April 23]] – [[Taio Cruz]], English singer * [[May 11]] – [[Matt Leinart]], American football player * [[May 11]] – [[Holly Valance]], Australian actress and singer * [[June 8]] – [[Kim Clijsters]], Belgian tennis player * [[June 19]] – [[Mark Selby]], English snooker player * [[June 30]] – [[Cheryl Cole]], English singer ([[Girls Aloud]]) === July – December === * [[July 5]] – [[Zheng Jie]], Chinese tennis player * [[August 6]] – [[Robin van Persie]], Dutch footballer * [[August 14]] – [[Mila Kunis]], Russian-American actress * [[August 18]] – [[Mika]], Lebanese-English singer * [[August 18]] – [[Kris Boyd]], Scottish footballer * [[September 14]] – [[Amy Winehouse]], English singer * [[September 26]] – [[Ricardo Quaresma]], Portuguese footballer * [[October 14]] – [[Lin Dan]], Chinese badminton player * [[October 17]] – [[Ivan Saenko]], Russian footballer * [[October 21]] – [[Zainab al-Khawaja]], Bahraini activist * [[November 11]] – [[Philipp Lahm]], German footballer * [[December 9]] – [[Dariusz Dudka]], Polish footballer * [[December 15]] – [[Ronnie Radke]], American singer * [[December 31]] – [[Sayaka Ichii]], Japanese singer ([[Morning Musume]]) == Deaths == === January === [[File:Arturo Umberto Illia 1965.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Arturo Umberto Illia]]]] [[File:MFdSantos-Garrincha.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Garrincha]]]] [[File:George Cukor Allan Warren.jpg|thumb|110px|[[George Cukor]]]] * [[January 18]] – [[Arturo Umberto Illia]], 34th [[President of Argentina]] (b. [[1900]]) * [[January 20]] – [[Garrincha]], Brazilian footballer (b. [[1933]]) * [[January 24]] – [[George Cukor]], American film director and producer (b. [[1899]]) * [[January 28]] – [[Frank Forde]], Australian politician (b. [[1890]]) * [[January 28]] – [[Billy Fury]], English singer (b. [[1940]]) === February === [[File:Karen Carpenter in 1972 White House.png|thumb|110px|[[Karen Carpenter]]]] [[File:Tennessee Williams NYWTS.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Tennessee Williams]]]] * [[February 4]] – [[Karen Carpenter]], American singer (b. [[1950]]) * [[February 12]] – [[Eubie Blake]], American musician (b. [[1887]]) * [[February 25]] – [[Tennessee Williams]], American writer (b. [[1911]]) === March === [[File:Hergé, Premier plan, 1962, Radio-Canada, 3.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Hergé]]]] [[File:Umberto II, 1944.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Umberto II of Italy]]]] * [[March 3]] – [[Hergé]], Belgian comics writer (b. [[1907]]) * [[March 18]] – [[Umberto II of Italy]] (b. [[1904]]) === April === [[File:Saloma-in-black.png|thumb|110px|[[Saloma]]]] * [[April 4]] – [[Gloria Swanson]], American actress (b. [[1899]]) * [[April 15]] – [[Corrie ten Boom]], Dutch resistance fighter (b. [[1892]]) * [[April 25]] – [[Saloma]], Malaysian actress and singer, wife of [[P. Ramlee]] (b. [[1935]]) * [[April 30]] – [[Muddy Waters]], American musician (b. [[1915]]) === May === [[File:Pridi Banomyong-portrait.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Pridi Banomyong]]]] * [[May 2]] - [[Pridi Banomyong]], [[Prime Minister of Thailand]] (b. [[1900]]) * [[May 5]] – [[Anton Buttigieg]], 2nd [[President of Malta]] (b. [[1912]]) * [[May 22]] – [[Idris of Libya]] (b. [[1890]]) * [[May 31]] – [[Jack Dempsey]], American heavyweight boxer (b. [[1895]]) === June === === July === [[File:David Niven 4 Allan Warren.jpg|thumb|110px|[[David Niven]]]] [[File:Luis Buñuel.JPG|thumb|110px|[[Luis Buñuel]]]] * [[July 1]] – [[Buckminster Fuller]], American architect (b. [[1895]]) * [[July 29]] – [[David Niven]], English actor (b. [[1910]]) * [[July 29]] – [[Luis Buñuel]], Spanish director (b. [[1900]]) === August === * [[August 17]] – [[Ira Gershwin]], American lyricist (b. [[1896]]) * [[August 21]] – [[Benigno Aquino Jr.]], Filipino politician (b. [[1932]]) === September === * [[September 1]] – [[Larry McDonald]], American politician (b. [[1935]]) * [[September 25]] – [[Leopold III of Belgium]] (b. [[1901]]) === October === * [[October 19]] – [[Maurice Bishop]], [[Prime Minister of Grenada]] (b. [[1944]]) === November === === December === [[File:Portrait of Joan Miro, Barcelona 1935 June 13.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Joan Miró]]]] * [[December 13]] – [[Leora Dana]], American actress (b. [[1923]]) * [[December 25]] – [[Joan Miró]], Spanish artist (b. [[1893]]) * [[December 28]] – [[Dennis Wilson]], American musician ([[The Beach Boys]]) (b. [[1944]]) == Movies released == * ''[[National Lampoon's Vacation]]'' * ''[[Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi]]'' * ''[[Tootsie]]'' * ''[[Trading Places]]'' * ''[[WarGames]]'' * ''[[Superman III]]'' * ''[[Flashdance]]'' * ''[[Staying Alive]]'' * ''[[Octopussy]]'' * ''[[Mr. Mom]]'', starring [[Michael Keaton]] and [[Teri Garr]] * ''[[48 Hrs.]]'' * ''[[Risky Business]]'', starring [[Tom Cruise]] and [[Rebecca De Mornay]] * ''[[The Verdict]]'' * ''[[Jaws 3-D]]'' * ''[[Never Say Never Again]]'' * ''[[The Outsiders (movie)|The Outsiders]]'' == Hit songs == * "99 Luftballons" (99 Red Balloons) – [[Nena]] * "1999" – [[Prince (artist)|Prince]] * "2000 Miles" – [[The Pretenders]] * "Add It Up" – [[Violent Femmes]] * "[[Africa (song)|Africa]]" – [[Toto (band)|Toto]] * "[[All Night Long (All Night)]]" – [[Lionel Richie]] * "All Time High" – [[Rita Coolidge]] * "[[(There's) Always Something There to Remind Me]]" – [[Naked Eyes]] * "Another State Of Mind" – [[Social Distortion]] * "Australiana" – Austen Tayshus #1 (a) * "Baby, Come to Me" – [[Patti Austin]] with [[James Ingram]] * "Baby Jane" – [[Rod Stewart]] * "[[Bad Boys]]" – [[Wham!]] * "Bad Day" – [[Carmel]] * "[[Beat It]]" – [[Michael Jackson]] * "[[Billie Jean]]" – [[Michael Jackson]] * "Blind Vision" – [[Blancmange(band)|Blancmange]] * "[[Blister in the Sun]]" – [[Violent Femmes]] * "Bloodstone" – [[Judas Priest]] * "[[Blue Monday (New Order song)|Blue Monday]]" – [[New Order]] * "Blue World" – [[The Moody Blues]] * "Bop Girl – Pat Wilson #1 (a) * "Boxerbeat" – [[JoBoxers]] * "Breaking Us In Two" – [[Joe Jackson]] * "[[Buffalo Soldier]]" – [[Bob Marley|Bob Marley and the Wailers]] * "Buried Treasure" – [[Kenny Rogers]] * "Burning Down the House" – [[Talking Heads]] * "Calling Your Name" – [[Marilyn]] * "Candy Girl" – [[New Edition]] * "Can't Get Used To Losing You" – [[The Beat]] * "Chance" – [[Big Country]] * "Change" – [[Tears for Fears]] * "[[China Girl]]" – [[David Bowie]] * "Chinese Cafe" – [[Joni Mitchell]] * "[[Church of the Poison Mind]]" – [[Culture Club]] * "[[Club Tropicana]]" – [[Wham!]] * "Come Back And Stay" – [[Paul Young]] * "[[Cruel Summer]]" – [[Bananarama]] * "[[Cry Me a River]]" – [[Mari Wilson]] * "Dark Is The Night" – [[Shakatak]] * "[[Dear Prudence]]" – [[Siouxsie and the Banshees]] * "Did You Have To Love Me Like You Do?" – [[The Coconuts]] * "Dirty Laundry" – [[Don Henley]] * "Don't Cry" – [[Asia (band)|Asia]] * "Don't Let Him Steal Your Heart Away" – [[Phil Collins]] * "Don't Talk To Me About Love" – [[Altered Images]] * "[[Double Dutch]]" – [[Malcolm McLaren]] * "[[Down Under]]" – [[Men at Work]] * "Drop The Pilot" – [[Joan Armatrading]] * "[[Electric Avenue]]" – [[Eddy Grant]] * "[[Every Breath You Take]]" – [[The Police]] * "Everyday I Write The Book" – [[Elvis Costello]] and [[the Attractions]] * "[[Everything Counts]]" – [[Depeche Mode]] * "Family Man" – [[Hall &amp; Oates]] * "Femme" – [[Dalida]] * "Fields of Fire (400 Miles)" – [[Big Country]] * "[[Flashdance... What a Feeling]]" – [[Irene Cara]] * "Garden Party" – [[Marillion]] * "[[Gimme All Your Lovin']]" – [[ZZ Top]] * "[[Girls Just Wanna Have Fun]]" – [[Cyndi Lauper]] * "Give It Up" – [[KC and the Sunshine Band]] * "Gloria" – [[Laura Branigan]] * "Gold" – [[Spandau Ballet]] * "He Knows You Know" – [[Marillion]] * "Heartache Avenue" – [[The Maisonettes]] * "Hold Me Now" – [[Thompson Twins]] * "[[Hungry Like the Wolf]]" – [[Duran Duran]] * "I Cannot Believe It's True" – [[Phil Collins]] * "I Don't Care Anymore" – [[Phil Collins]] * "I Don't Remember(Live)" – [[Peter Gabriel]] * "[[I Guess That's Why They Call It The Blues]]" – [[Elton John]] * "I'll Tumble 4 Ya" – [[Culture Club]] * "[[I'm Still Standing]]" – [[Elton John]] * "[[In a Big Country]]" – [[Big Country]] * "[[In the Neighborhood]]" – [[Tom Waits]] * "I.O.U." – [[Freeez]] * "[[Is There Something I Should Know?]]" – [[Duran Duran]] * "[[Islands in the Stream]]" – [[Kenny Rogers]] and [[Dolly Parton]] * "It Don't Matter To Me" – [[Phil Collins]] * "[[It's Raining Men]]" – [[The Weather Girls]] * "[[Johnny B. Goode]]" – [[Peter Tosh]] * "Jump (For My Love)" – [[The Pointer Sisters]] * "[[Karma Chameleon]]" – [[Culture Club]] * "Keep Feeling (Fascination)" – [[The Human League]] * "Kiss The Bride" – [[Elton John]] * "Le restaurant italien" – [[Dalida]] * "Les p'tits mots" – [[Dalida]] * "[[Let's Dance]]" – [[David Bowie]] * "Let's Stay Together" – [[Tina Turner]] * "[[Little Red Corvette]]" – [[Prince (artist)|Prince]] * "[[Long Hot Summer]]" – [[The Style Council]] * "Love Blonde" – [[Kim Wilde]] * "Love is a Battlefield" – [[Pat Benatar]] * "Love Is A Stranger" – [[Eurythmics]] * "Love On Your Side" – [[Thompson Twins]] * "Love Town" – [[Booker Newberry III]] * "Mama" – [[Genesis (band)|Genesis]] * "[[Many Rivers To Cross]]" – [[UB40]] * "Marguerita Time" – [[Status Quo]] * "Market Square Heroes" – [[Marillion]] * "[[Modern Love]]" – [[David Bowie]] * "[[Moonlight Shadow]]" – [[Mike Oldfield]] * "Mourir sur scène" – [[Dalida]] * "Na Na Hey Hey Kiss Him Goodbye" – [[Bananarama]] * "New Frontier" – [[Donald Fagen]] * "New Song" – [[Howard Jones]] * "New Year's Day" – [[U2 (band)|U2]] * "Nobody's Diary" – [[Yazoo]] * "Oblivious" – [[Aztec Camera]] * "One On One" – [[Hall &amp; Oates]] * "Only For Love" – [[Limahl]] * "Only You" – [[The Flying Pickets]] * "Ooh To Be Ah" – [[Kajagoogoo]] * "Our Lips Are Sealed" – [[Fun Boy Three]] * "[[Owner of a Lonely Heart]]" – [[Yes (band)|Yes]] * "Photograph" – [[Def Leppard]] * "[[Pills and Soap]]" – [[The Imposter]] * "Radio Free Europe" – [[R.E.M. (band)|R.E.M.]] * "Reckless" – Australian Crawl #1 * "[[Red Red Wine]]" – [[UB40]] * [[Relax]] – [[Frankie Goes to Hollywood]] * "Right By Your Side" – [[Eurythmics]] * "[[Rio (song)|Rio]]" – [[Duran Duran]] * "Rip It Up" – [[Orange Juice]] * "Rock And Roll Is King" – [[Electric Light Orchestra]] * "[[Rockit]]" – [[Herbie Hancock]] * "[[Rosanna]]" – [[Toto (band)|Toto]] * "[[Save a Prayer]]" – [[Duran Duran]] * "[[Say, Say, Say]]" – [[Michael Jackson]] &amp; [[Paul McCartney]] * "Screaming for Vengeance" – [[Judas Priest]] * "Send Me An Angel" – Real Life * "[[Sharp Dressed Man]]" – [[ZZ Top]] * "She Works Hard For The Money" – [[Donna Summer]] * "Shiny Shiny" – [[Haysi Fantazee]] * "Shipbuilding" – [[Robert Wyatt]] * "[[Sign Of The Times]]" – [[The Belle Stars]] * "Soul Inside" – [[Soft Cell]] * "Speak Like A Child" – [[The Style Council]] * "Steppin' Out" – [[Joe Jackson]] * "[[Sweet Dreams Are Made of This]]" – [[Eurythmics]] * "Synchronicity 2" – [[The Police]] * "[[Tell Her About It]]" – [[Billy Joel]] * "Talking In Your Sleep" – [[The Romantics]] * "Temptation" – [[Heaven 17]] * "Tender Is The Night" – [[Jackson Browne]] * "That's All" – [[Genesis (band)|Genesis]] * "The Big Apple" – [[Kajagoogoo]] * "The Celtic Soul Brothers" – [[Dexy's Midnight Runners]] * "The Chinese Way" – [[Level 42]] * "The Cutter" – [[Echo and the Bunnymen]] * "The First Picture Of You" – [[The Lotus Eaters]] * "[[The Love Cats]]" – [[The Cure]] * "[[The Safety Dance]]" – [[Men Without Hats]] * "The Shape You're In" – [[Eric Clapton]] * "The Story Of The Blues" – [[Wah!]] * "The Sun Goes Down(Living It Up)" – [[Level 42]] * "The Walk" – [[The Cure]] * "They Don't Know" – [[Tracey Ullman]] * "This Is The Day" – [[The The]] * "[[Thriller (song)|Thriller]]" – [[Michael Jackson]] * "Tonight I Celebrate My Love" – [[Peabo Bryson]] and [[Roberta Flack]] * "Too Shy" – [[Kajagoogoo]] * "[[Total Eclipse of the Heart]]" – [[Bonnie Tyler]] * "True" – [[Spandau Ballet]] * "True Love Ways" – [[Cliff Richard]] * "Tunnel Of Love" – [[Fun Boy Three]] * "Twisting By The Pool" – [[Dire Straits]] * "Under Attack" – [[ABBA]] * "[[Undercover of the Night]]" – [[The Rolling Stones]] * "Union Of The Snake" – [[Duran Duran]] * "Up Where We Belong" – [[Joe Cocker]] and [[Jennifer Warnes]] * "[[Uptown Girl]]" – [[Billy Joel]] * "Vintage'77(EP)" – [[The Heartbreakers]] * "Vision In Blue" – [[Ultravox]] * "A Volar"- [[Menudo]] * "Walk Out To Winter" – [[Aztec Camera]] * "Walkin' The Line" – [[Brass Construction]] * "Watching You Watching Me" – [[David Grant(singer)|David Grant]] * "We Are Detective" – [[Thompson Twins]] * "We've Got Tonight" [[Kenny Rogers]] and [[Sheena Easton]] * "What Is Love?" – [[Howard Jones]] * "What Kinda Boy You're Lookin' For(Girl)" – [[Hot Chocolate(band)|Hot Chocolate]] * "Wherever I Lay My Hat(That's My Home)" – [[Paul Young]] * "White Lines (Don't Don't Do It)" – [[Grandmaster]] and [[Melle Mel]] * "Who's That Girl?" – [[Eurythmics]] * "Why Can't It Wait 'Til Morning?" – [[Phil Collins]] * "Wings of a Dove" – [[Madness (band)|Madness]] * "Wrapped Around Your Finger" – [[The Police]] * "[[You Can't Hurry Love]]" – [[Phil Collins]] == New books == * ''[[The Anubis Gates]]'' – [[Tim Powers]] * ''[[Changes (book)|Changes]]'' – [[Danielle Steel]] * ''[[Christine (novel)|Christine]]'' – [[Stephen King]] * ''[[Cold Heaven]]'' – [[Anita Brian Moore]] * ''[[The Colour of Magic]]'' – [[Terry Pratchett]] * ''[[The Dark Green Tunnel]]'' – [[Allan W. Eckert]] * ''[[Hollywood Wives]]'' – [[Jackie Collins]] * ''[[Icebreaker (novel)|Icebreaker]]'' – [[John Gardner (thriller writer)|John Gardner]] * ''[[Ironweed]]'' – [[William Kennedy (writer)|William Kennedy]] * ''[[The Last Warrior Queen]]'' – [[Mary Mackey]] * ''[[Life and Times of Michael K]]'' – [[J. M. Coetzee]] * ''[[The Little Drummer Girl]]'' – [[John le Carré]] * ''[[The Lonesome Gods]]'' – [[Louis L'Amour]] * ''[[The Loser]]'' – [[Thomas Bernhard]] * ''[[The Mists of Avalon]]'' – [[Marion Zimmer Bradley]] * ''[[Odyssey: A Daring Transatlantic Journey]]'' – [[Susan Oliver]] * ''[[On Wings of Eagles]]'' – [[Ken Follett]] * ''[[Pet Sematary]]'' – [[Stephen King]] * ''[[Phantoms (book)|Phantoms]]'' – [[Dean R. Koontz]] * ''[[The Piano Teacher (novel)|The Piano Teacher]]'' – [[Elfriede Jelinek]] * ''[[Poland (novel)|Poland]]'' – [[James A. Michener]] * ''[[Resistance and Persecution in Passau from 1933 to 1939]]'' – [[Anna Rosmus]] * ''[[The Robots of Dawn]]'' – [[Isaac Asimov]] * ''[[Scandal (novel)|Scandal]]'' – [[A. N. Wilson]] * ''[[Shame (novel)|Shame]]'' – [[Salman Rushdie]] * ''[[A Time for Judas]]'' – [[Morley Callaghan]] * ''[[White Gold Wielder: Book Three of the Second Chronicles of Thomas Covenant]]'' – [[Stephen R. Donaldson]] * ''[[Winter's Tale]]'' – [[Mark Helprin]] * ''[[Worstward Ho]]'' – [[Samuel Beckett]] ==References== {{Commonscat|1983}} {{reflist}} [[Category:1983| ]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p>Templates used on this page: </p></div><ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">Template:Cite web</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Cite_web&amp;action=edit" title="Template:Cite web">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Commons_category" title="Template:Commons category">Template:Commons category</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Commons_category&amp;action=edit" title="Template:Commons category">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Commonscat" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Commonscat">Template:Commonscat</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Commonscat&amp;action=edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Commonscat">view source</a>) 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