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<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Al-Insān_al-kāmil_and_Ibn_al-Arabi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span><i>Al-Insān al-kāmil</i> and Ibn al-Arabi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Al-Insān_al-kāmil_and_Ibn_al-Arabi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_contribution_of_al-Jili" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_contribution_of_al-Jili"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>The contribution of al-Jili</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_contribution_of_al-Jili-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc 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href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamil_insan" title="Kamil insan – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kamil insan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Камил инсан – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Камил инсан" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_perfekte_menneske_(alevisme)" title="Det perfekte menneske (alevisme) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Det perfekte menneske (alevisme)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84" title="انسان کامل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انسان کامل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ins%C4%81n_al-K%C4%81mil" title="Al-Insān al-Kāmil – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Al-Insān al-Kāmil" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komil_inson" title="Komil inson – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Komil inson" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Инсан камиль – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Инсан камиль" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0nsan-%C4%B1_k%C3%A2mil" title="İnsan-ı kâmil – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İnsan-ı kâmil" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Інсан 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks collapsible"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size:88%; line-height:200%;"><span style="font-size:115%;"><span class="nobold">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Islam" title="Category:Islam">a series</a> on <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></span></span><br /><span style="font-size:200%;"><a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomb_of_Abdul_Qadir_Jilani,_Baghdad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Tomb_of_Abdul_Qadir_Jilani%2C_Baghdad.jpg/200px-Tomb_of_Abdul_Qadir_Jilani%2C_Baghdad.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Tomb_of_Abdul_Qadir_Jilani%2C_Baghdad.jpg/300px-Tomb_of_Abdul_Qadir_Jilani%2C_Baghdad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Tomb_of_Abdul_Qadir_Jilani%2C_Baghdad.jpg/400px-Tomb_of_Abdul_Qadir_Jilani%2C_Baghdad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div class="sidebar-caption">Tomb of <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Qadir_Gilani" title="Abdul Qadir Gilani">Abdul Qadir Gilani</a>, Baghdad, Iraq</div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Ideas</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdal" title="Abdal">Abdal</a></li> <li><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar-Latn" style="font-style: normal;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Al-Insān al-Kāmil</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baqaa" title="Baqaa">Baqaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dervish" title="Dervish">Dervish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhawq" title="Dhawq">Dhawq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakir" title="Fakir">Fakir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fana_(Sufism)" title="Fana (Sufism)">Fana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_(Sufism)" title="Hal (Sufism)">Hal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haqiqa" title="Haqiqa">Haqiqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihsan" title="Ihsan">Ihsan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irfan" title="Irfan">Irfan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishq" title="Ishq">Ishq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karamat" title="Karamat">Karamat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashf" title="Kashf">Kashf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lataif-e-Sitta" title="Lataif-e-Sitta">Lataif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manzil" title="Manzil">Manzil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27rifa" title="Ma'rifa">Ma'rifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maqam_(Sufism)" title="Maqam (Sufism)">Maqam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murid" title="Murid">Murid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murshid" title="Murshid">Murshid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nafs" title="Nafs">Nafs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C5%ABr_(Islam)" title="Nūr (Islam)">Nūr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalandar_(title)" title="Qalandar (title)">Qalandar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qayyum_(Sufism)" title="Qayyum (Sufism)">Qayyum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutb" title="Qutb">Qutb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silsila" title="Silsila">Silsila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_cosmology" title="Sufi cosmology">Sufi cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_metaphysics" title="Sufi metaphysics">Sufi metaphysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_philosophy" title="Sufi philosophy">Sufi philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_poetry" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufi poetry">Sufi poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_psychology" title="Sufi psychology">Sufi psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salik" title="Salik">Salik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tazkiah" class="mw-redirect" title="Tazkiah">Tazkiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wali" title="Wali">Wali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqeen" title="Yaqeen">Yaqeen</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Practices</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasheed" title="Nasheed">Anasheed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhikr" title="Dhikr">Dhikr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ha%E1%B8%8Dra" title="Haḍra">Haḍra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muraqabah" title="Muraqabah">Muraqabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qawwali" title="Qawwali">Qawwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sama_(Sufism)" title="Sama (Sufism)">Sama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_whirling" title="Sufi whirling">Whirling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyarat" title="Ziyarat">Ziyarat</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Tariqa" title="Tariqa">Sufi orders</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alians" title="Alians">Alians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba_%27Alawiyya" title="Ba 'Alawiyya">Ba 'Alawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bektashi_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Bektashi Order">Bektashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qadiriyya" title="Qadiriyya">Qadiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chishti_Order" title="Chishti Order">Chishti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naqshbandi" title="Naqshbandi">Naqshbandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadhili" title="Shadhili">Shadhili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suhrawardiyya" title="Suhrawardiyya">Suhrawardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifa%60i" class="mw-redirect" title="Rifa`i">Rifa`i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalwati_order" title="Khalwati order">Khalwati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahmaniyya" title="Rahmaniyya">Rahmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badawiyya" title="Badawiyya">Badawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desuqiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Desuqiyya">Desuqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tijaniyyah" title="Tijaniyyah">Tijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darqawiyya" title="Darqawiyya">Darqawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idrisiyya" title="Idrisiyya">Idrisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senusiyya" title="Senusiyya">Senusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayramiye" title="Bayramiye">Bayrami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jelveti" title="Jelveti">Jelveti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maizbhandari" title="Maizbhandari">Maizbhandari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malamatiyya" title="Malamatiyya">Malamati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouride" title="Mouride">Mouridi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleymanc%C4%B1lar" title="Süleymancılar">Sülaymaniyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salihiyya" title="Salihiyya">Salihiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azeemiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Azeemiyya">Azeemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubrawiya" title="Kubrawiya">Kubrawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mevlevi_Order" title="Mevlevi Order">Mevlevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shattari" class="mw-redirect" title="Shattari">Shattari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uwaisi" title="Uwaisi">Uwaisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurufism" title="Hurufism">Hurufi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%27matull%C4%81h%C4%AB" title="Ni'matullāhī">Ni'matullāhī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuqtavi" title="Nuqtavi">Nuqtavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalandariyya" title="Qalandariyya">Qalandari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safavid_order" title="Safavid order">Safavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zahabiya" title="Zahabiya">Zahabiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akbariyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Akbariyya">Akbari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galibi_Order" title="Galibi Order">Galibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haqqani_Anjuman" title="Haqqani Anjuman">Haqqani Anjuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inayati_Order" title="Inayati Order">Inayati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aissawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Aissawa">Issawiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerrahi" title="Jerrahi">Jerrahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madariyya" title="Madariyya">Madari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahdavia">Mahdavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noorbakshia_Islam" title="Noorbakshia Islam">Noorbakshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zahediyeh" title="Zahediyeh">Zahedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zikri" class="mw-redirect" title="Zikri">Zikri</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">List of sufis</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sufi_saints" title="List of Sufi saints">Notable early</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sufis" title="List of Sufis">Notable modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sufi_singers" title="List of Sufi singers">Singers</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Topics in Sufism</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">Tawhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Sharia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariqa" title="Tariqa">Tariqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haqiqa" title="Haqiqa">Haqiqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27rifa" title="Ma'rifa">Ma'rifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sufi_art" title="Category:Sufi art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sufism" title="History of Sufism">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_music" title="Sufi music">Sufi music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Sufis" title="Persecution of Sufis">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyarat" title="Ziyarat">Ziyarat</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/27px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/40px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/54px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sufism" title="Template:Sufism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sufism" title="Template talk:Sufism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sufism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sufism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Islamic_theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic theology">Islamic theology</a>, <i><b>al-Insān al-Kāmil</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الإنسان الكامل</span>), also rendered as <i>Insān-i Kāmil</i> (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>/<a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>: <span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">انسان کامل</span></span></span>) and <i><span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">İnsan-ı Kâmil</i></span></i> (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>), is an honorific title to describe <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Prophet_of_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophet of Islam">prophet of Islam</a>. The phrase means "the person who has reached perfection",<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> literally "the complete person". It is an important concept in Islamic culture of the <a href="/wiki/Prototype" title="Prototype">prototype</a> human being, pure <a href="/wiki/Consciousness" title="Consciousness">consciousness</a>, one's true identity, to be contrasted with the material human who is bound by their senses and materialism. The term was originally used by <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni</a> <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufis</a> and is still used by them, but it is also used by <a href="/wiki/Alawites" title="Alawites">Alawites</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alevism" title="Alevism">Alevis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NE_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NE-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This idea is based upon a hadith,<sup id="cite_ref-NE_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NE-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was used by <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Arabi" title="Ibn Arabi">Ibn Arabi</a>, that states about Muhammad: "I was a prophet when Adam was between water and clay."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Sunni <a href="/wiki/Ulama" title="Ulama">Islamic scholar</a> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Alawi_al-Maliki#Sirah" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Alawi al-Maliki">Muhammad Alawi al-Maliki has published a <i>Sīrah</i></a> as al-Insān al-Kāmil. <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Kar%C4%ABm_al-J%C4%ABl%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd al-Karīm al-Jīlī">Abd al-Karīm al-Jīlī</a> was the author of an Arabic text entitled <i>Al-Insān al-Kāmil</i>. <a href="/wiki/Isma%27ilism" title="Isma'ilism">Ismailis</a> believe that each <a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Ismaili_doctrine" title="Imamate in Ismaili doctrine">Imam</a> is a perfect man.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_origin_of_al-insān_al-kāmil"><span id="The_origin_of_al-ins.C4.81n_al-k.C4.81mil"></span>The origin of <i>al-insān al-kāmil</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Ins%C4%81n_al-K%C4%81mil&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: The origin of al-insān al-kāmil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Al-Hallaj" title="Al-Hallaj">Mansur al-Hallaj</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al-Biruni" title="Al-Biruni">Al-Biruni</a> expressed the idea within their works.<sup id="cite_ref-Bewley2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bewley2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The concept is evident in the works of <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Yasawi" title="Ahmad Yasawi">Ahmad Yasawi</a> (1093–1166) whose influence spread <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a> across Central Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The concept was also applied by <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Arabi" title="Ibn Arabi">ibn Arabi</a>, a well-respected and influential Islamic thinker. The origin of this concept is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a></i>, as mentioned in Ibn Arabi's <i>Fusus Al-Hikam</i>: </p> <blockquote><p>Muhammad's wisdom is uniqueness (<i>fardiya</i>) because he is the most perfect existent creature of this human species. For this reason, the command began with him and was sealed with him. He was a Prophet while Adam was between water and clay, and his elemental structure is the Seal of the Prophets.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In the Quran, man's hierarchical status above all beings is seen, as it states that God created humans in the fairest stature.<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia_Iranica_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia_Iranica-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to this occurrence the human is favored by God and is said to be given God's light which leads through them to complete perfection. The previous saying illuminates the idea that behind the true objective behind creation is God's desire to be known which is fulfilled through the perfect human being.<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia_Iranica_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia_Iranica-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Al-Insān_al-kāmil_and_Ibn_al-Arabi"><span id="Al-Ins.C4.81n_al-k.C4.81mil_and_Ibn_al-Arabi"></span><i>Al-Insān al-kāmil</i> and Ibn al-Arabi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Ins%C4%81n_al-K%C4%81mil&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Al-Insān al-kāmil and Ibn al-Arabi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Sufism" title="Category:Sufism"><i>a series</i></a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Arabi" title="Ibn Arabi">Ibn 'Arabi</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="border:0;font-weight:normal; display:block;margin-bottom:0.4em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akbarism" title="Akbarism">Akbarism</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ibn_%27Arabi_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn 'Arabi Mosque">Ibn 'Arabi Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konya_Manuscript" title="Konya Manuscript">Konya Manuscript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhyiddin_Ibn_Arabi_Society" title="Muhyiddin Ibn Arabi Society">Muhyiddin Ibn Arabi Society</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#F0E68C;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Mystical theories</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Arabi_and_theoretical_mysticism" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Arabi and theoretical mysticism">Ibn Arabi and theoretical mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Insan_al-Kamil" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Insan al-Kamil">Al-Insan al-Kamil</a> (the Complete Human)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-A%27yan_al-Thabita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-A'yan al-Thabita (page does not exist)">Al-A'yan al-Thabita</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CA%BFy%C4%81n_th%C4%81bita" class="extiw" title="de:Aʿyān thābita">de</a>]</span> (the Fixed Entities)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Maratib_al-Sab%27a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Maratib al-Sab'a (page does not exist)">Al-Maratib al-Sab'a</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:المراتب السبعة">ar</a>]</span> (the Seven Grades)</li></ul> <dl><dt>Related articles</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_metaphysics" title="Sufi metaphysics">Wahdat-al-Wujud</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wahdat_al-Shuhud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wahdat al-Shuhud (page does not exist)">Wahdat al-Shuhud</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF_(%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81)" class="extiw" title="ar:وحدة الشهود (تصوف)">ar</a>]</span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#F0E68C;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Teachers</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_%27Asakir" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn 'Asakir">Ibn 'Asakir</a> <small>(d. 571/1176)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Tahir_al-Silafi" title="Abu Tahir al-Silafi">Abu Tahir al-Silafi</a> <small>(d. 576/1180)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Bashkuwal" title="Ibn Bashkuwal">Ibn Bashkuwal</a> <small>(d. 578/1183)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%27Abd_al-Haqq_al-Ishbili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="'Abd al-Haqq al-Ishbili (page does not exist)">'Abd al-Haqq al-Ishbili</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A" class="extiw" title="ar:عبد الحق الإشبيلي">ar</a>]</span> <small>(d. 581/1185)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Zayd_al-Suhayli" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Zayd al-Suhayli">Abu Zayd al-Suhayli</a> <small>(d. 581/1185)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Madyan" title="Abu Madyan">Abu Madyan</a> <small>(d. 594/1197)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Averroes" title="Averroes">Ibn Rushd (Averroes)</a> <small>(d. 595/1198)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Jawzi" title="Ibn al-Jawzi">Ibn al-Jawzi</a> <small>(d. 597/1201)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Abi_Jamra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Abi Jamra (page does not exist)">Ibn Abi Jamra</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A" class="extiw" title="ar:أبو بكر بن أبي جمرة الأندلسي">ar</a>]</span> <small>(d. 599/1202)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Qasim_ibn_%27Asakir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Qasim ibn 'Asakir (page does not exist)">Al-Qasim ibn 'Asakir</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B1" class="extiw" title="ar:القاسم بن عساكر">ar</a>]</span> <small>(d. 600/1203)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamal_al-Din_b._al-Harastani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jamal al-Din b. al-Harastani (page does not exist)">Jamal al-Din b. al-Harastani</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" class="extiw" title="ar:جمال الدين ابن الحرستاني">ar</a>]</span> <small>(d. 614/1217)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Malik" title="Ibn Malik">Ibn Malik</a> <small>(d. 672/1274)</small></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#F0E68C;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Students</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li>Baha' al-Din Ghazi b. <a href="/wiki/Al-%27Adil_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-'Adil I">al-'Adil I</a> <small>(d. 613/1216)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Farid" title="Ibn al-Farid">Ibn al-Farid</a> <small>(d. 632/1235)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zakiy_al-Din_al-Birzali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zakiy al-Din al-Birzali (page does not exist)">Zakiy al-Din al-Birzali</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%83%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A" class="extiw" title="ar:زكي الدين البرزالي">ar</a>]</span> <small>(d. 636/1239)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shams_al-Din_al-Khuwayyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shams al-Din al-Khuwayyi (page does not exist)">Shams al-Din al-Khuwayyi</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%8A" class="extiw" title="ar:أحمد بن خليل الخويي">ar</a>]</span> <small>(d. 637/1239)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Dubaythi" title="Ibn al-Dubaythi">Ibn al-Dubaythi</a> <small>(d. 637/1239)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Najjar" title="Ibn al-Najjar">Ibn al-Najjar</a> <small>(d. 643/1245)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diya%27_al-Din_al-Maqdisi" title="Diya' al-Din al-Maqdisi">Diya' al-Din al-Maqdisi</a> <small>(d. 643/1245)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27d_al-Din_al-Hamawi" title="Sa'd al-Din al-Hamawi">Sa'd al-Din al-Hamawi</a> <small>(d. 650/1252)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadr_al-Din_al-Qunawi" title="Sadr al-Din al-Qunawi">Sadr al-Din al-Qunawi</a> <small>(d. 672/1273)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baybars" title="Baybars">Baybars</a> <small>(d. 676/1277)</small></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#F0E68C;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Admirers and defenders</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fakhr_al-Din_al-Razi" title="Fakhr al-Din al-Razi">Fakhr al-Din al-Razi</a> <small>(d. 606/1209)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihab_al-Din_%27Umar_al-Suhrawardi" title="Shihab al-Din 'Umar al-Suhrawardi">Shihab al-Din 'Umar al-Suhrawardi</a> <small>(d. 632/1234)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_al-Zamalkani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn al-Zamalkani (page does not exist)">Ibn al-Zamalkani</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" class="extiw" title="ar:ابن الزملكاني">ar</a>]</span> <small>(d. 651/1253)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Baydawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Baydawi">Al-Baydawi</a> <small>(d. 685/1286)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Razzaq_K%C4%81sh%C4%81n%C4%AB" title="Abd al-Razzaq Kāshānī">Al-Qashani</a> <small>(d. 730/1329)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badr_al-D%C4%ABn_ibn_Jama%CA%BFah" title="Badr al-Dīn ibn Jamaʿah">Badr al-Dīn ibn Jamaʿah</a> <small>(d. 733/1333)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Safadi" title="Al-Safadi">Al-Safadi</a> <small>(d. 764/1363)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haydar_Amuli" title="Haydar Amuli">Haydar Amuli</a> <small>(d. after 787/1385)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sharif_al-Jurjani" title="Al-Sharif al-Jurjani">Al-Sharif al-Jurjani</a> <small>(d. 816/1413)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siraj_al-Din_al-Makhzumi" title="Siraj al-Din al-Makhzumi">Siraj al-Din al-Makhzumi</a> <small>(d. 885/1480)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jami" title="Jami">'Abd al-Rahman al-Jāmī</a> <small>(d. 898/1492)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalal_al-Din_al-Dawani" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalal al-Din al-Dawani">Jalal al-Din al-Dawani</a> <small>(d. 907/1501)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Suyuti" title="Al-Suyuti">Al-Suyuti</a> <small>(d. 911/1505)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakariyya_al-Ansari" title="Zakariyya al-Ansari">Zakariyya al-Ansari</a> <small>(d. 926/1520)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Kamal_Pasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Kamal Pasha">Ibn Kamal Pasha</a> <small>(d. 940/1534)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sha%27rani" title="Al-Sha'rani">Al-Sha'rani</a> <small>(d. 973/1565)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebussuud_Efendi" title="Ebussuud Efendi">Ebussuud Efendi</a> <small>(d. 982/1574)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hajar_al-Haytami" title="Ibn Hajar al-Haytami">Ibn Hajar al-Haytami</a> <small>(d. 974/1567)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Abd_al-Ra%27uf_al-Munawi" class="mw-redirect" title="'Abd al-Ra'uf al-Munawi">'Abd al-Ra'uf al-Munawi</a> <small>(d. 1032/1622)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Maqqari" title="Ahmad al-Maqqari">Ahmad al-Maqqari</a> <small>(d. 1041/1631)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulla_Sadra" title="Mulla Sadra">Mulla Sadra</a> <small>(d. 1050/1640)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A2tip_%C3%87elebi" title="Kâtip Çelebi">Kâtip Çelebi</a> <small>(d. 1067/1657)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-%27Imad_al-Hanbali" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn al-'Imad al-Hanbali">Ibn al-'Imad al-Hanbali</a> <small>(d. 1089/1679)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niyazi_Misri" class="mw-redirect" title="Niyazi Misri">Niyazi Misri</a> <small>(d. 1105/1694)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isma%27il_Haqqi_al-Brusawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Isma'il Haqqi al-Brusawi">Isma'il Haqqi al-Brusawi</a> <small>(d. 1137/1725)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Abd_al-Ghani_al-Nabulsi" class="mw-redirect" title="'Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi">'Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi</a> <small>(d. 1143/1731)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_al-Bakri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa al-Bakri (page does not exist)">Mustafa al-Bakri</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%81%D9%89_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A" class="extiw" title="ar:مصطفى بن كمال الدين البكري">ar</a>]</span> <small>(d. 1162/1749)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamid_al-%27Imadi" title="Hamid al-'Imadi">Hamid al-'Imadi</a> <small>(d. 1171/1758)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murtada_al-Zabidi" title="Murtada al-Zabidi">Murtada al-Zabidi</a> <small>(d. 1205/1791)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_%27Abidin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn 'Abidin">Ibn 'Abidin</a> <small>(d. 1252/1836)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_al-Din_al-Qasimi" title="Jamal al-Din al-Qasimi">Jamal al-Din al-Qasimi</a> <small>(d. 1332/1914)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Badr_al-Din_al-Hasani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Badr al-Din al-Hasani (page does not exist)">Badr al-Din al-Hasani</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%8A" class="extiw" title="ar:بدر الدين الحسني">ar</a>]</span> <small>(d. 1354/1935)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meher_Ali_Shah" title="Meher Ali Shah">Meher Ali Shah</a> <small>(d.1356/1937)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashraf_%27Ali_Thanawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashraf 'Ali Thanawi">Ashraf 'Ali Thanawi</a> <small>(d.1362/1943)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kawthari" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Kawthari">Al-Kawthari</a> <small>(d. 1371/1951)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibril_Fouad_Haddad" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibril Fouad Haddad">Gibril Fouad Haddad</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nuh_Ha_Mim_Keller" title="Nuh Ha Mim Keller">Nuh Ha Mim Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seyyed_Hossein_Nasr" title="Seyyed Hossein Nasr">Seyyed Hossein Nasr</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#F0E68C;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Critics and opponents</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Taymiyya" title="Ibn Taymiyya">Ibn Taymiyya</a> <small>(d. 728/1328)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Ala%27_al-Dawla_Simnani" title="'Ala' al-Dawla Simnani">'Ala' al-Dawla Simnani</a> <small>(d. 736/1336)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Taftazani" title="Al-Taftazani">Al-Taftazani</a> <small>(d. 793/1390)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun">Ibn Khaldun</a> <small>(d. 808/1405)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wali_al-Din_al-%27Iraqi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wali al-Din al-'Iraqi (page does not exist)">Wali al-Din al-'Iraqi</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A" class="extiw" title="ar:ولي الدين العراقي">ar</a>]</span> <small>(d. 826/1423)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqi_al-Din_al-Fasi" title="Taqi al-Din al-Fasi">Taqi al-Din al-Fasi</a> <small>(d. 832/1429)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Ala%27_al-Din_al-Bukhari" title="'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari">'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari</a> <small>(d. 841/ 1437)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hajar_al-%27Asqalani" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Hajar al-'Asqalani">Ibn Hajar al-'Asqalani</a> <small>(d. 852/1449)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Imam_al-Kamiliyya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Imam al-Kamiliyya (page does not exist)">Ibn Imam al-Kamiliyya</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:ابن إمام الكاملية">ar</a>]</span> <small>(d. 874/1470)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burhan_al-Din_al-Biqa%27i" title="Burhan al-Din al-Biqa'i">Burhan al-Din al-Biqa'i</a> <small>(d. 885/1480)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shams_al-Din_al-Sakhawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Shams al-Din al-Sakhawi">Shams al-Din al-Sakhawi</a> <small>(d. 902/1497)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Iyas" title="Ibn Iyas">Ibn Iyas</a> <small>(d. 930/1524)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulla_%27Ali_al-Qari" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulla 'Ali al-Qari">Mulla 'Ali al-Qari</a> <small>(d. 1014/1606)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Sirhindi" title="Ahmad Sirhindi">Ahmad Sirhindi</a> <small>(d. 1034/1624)</small></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#F0E68C;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Ex-critics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%27Izz_al-Din_ibn_%27Abd_al-Salam" class="mw-redirect" title="'Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam">'Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam</a> <small>(d. 660/1262)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqi_al-Din_al-Subki" title="Taqi al-Din al-Subki">Taqi al-Din al-Subki</a> <small>(d. 756/1355)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siraj_al-Din_al-Bulqini" title="Siraj al-Din al-Bulqini">Siraj al-Din al-Bulqini</a> <small>(d. 805/1405)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shawkani" title="Al-Shawkani">Al-Shawkani</a> <small>(d. 1250/1834)</small></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#F0E68C;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Neutrals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nawawi" title="Al-Nawawi">Al-Nawawi</a> <small>(d. 676/1277)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Dhahabi" title="Al-Dhahabi">Al-Dhahabi</a> <small>(d. 748/1347)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sharaf_al-Din_al-Munawi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sharaf al-Din al-Munawi (page does not exist)">Sharaf al-Din al-Munawi</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%89_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A" class="extiw" title="ar:يحيى بن محمد المناوي">ar</a>]</span> <small>(d. 871/1466)</small></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#F0E68C;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Notable works</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Futuhat_al-Makkiyya" title="Al-Futuhat al-Makkiyya">Al-Futuhat al-Makkiyya</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fusus_al-Hikam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fusus al-Hikam (page does not exist)">Fusus al-Hikam</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B5_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85" class="extiw" title="ar:فصوص الحكم">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarjum%C4%81n_al-Ashw%C4%81q" title="Tarjumān al-Ashwāq">Tarjumān al-Ashwāq</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ibnarabisociety.org/ibn-al-arabis-book-of-the-fabulous-gryphon-gerald-elmore/">Anqa' Mughrib</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Books about Ibn 'Arabi</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tanbih_al-Ghabi_bi-Tabri%27at_Ibn_%27Arabi" title="Tanbih al-Ghabi bi-Tabri'at Ibn 'Arabi">Tanbih al-Ghabi bi-Tabri'at Ibn 'Arabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanbih_al-%27Uqul_%27ala_Tanzih_al-Sufiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanbih al-'Uqul 'ala Tanzih al-Sufiyya">Tanbih al-'Uqul 'ala Tanzih al-Sufiyya</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="display:block;margin-top:0.4em; line-height:1.6em;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Ibn_Arabi" title="Category:Ibn Arabi">Category</a> <b>·</b> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ibn_Arabi" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ibn Arabi">Media</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/15px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/23px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/31px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a> <b>·</b> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/16px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/24px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/32px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Saints" title="Portal:Saints">Saints portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ibn_Arabi" title="Template:Ibn Arabi"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Ibn_Arabi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Ibn Arabi (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ibn_Arabi" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ibn Arabi"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i>Al-Insan al-kamil</i>, or the perfect being, was first deeply discussed in written form by <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Arabi" title="Ibn Arabi">Ibn Arabi</a> in one of his most prolific works entitled Fusus al-Hikam.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taking an idea already common within Sufi culture, Ibn al-Arabi applied deep analysis and reflection on the issue of the Perfect Human and one's pursuit in fulfilling this goal. In developing his explanation of the perfect being al-Arabi first discusses the issue of oneness through the metaphor of the mirror. In this metaphor al-Arabi compares an object being reflected in countless mirrors to the relationship between God and his creatures. God's essence is seen in the existent human being, as God is the object and humans being the mirrors. Meaning two things, that since humans are mere reflections of God there can be no distinction or separation between the two and without God the creatures would be non-existent. When an individual understands that there is no separation between human and God they begin on the path of ultimate oneness. The one who decides to walk in this oneness pursues the true reality and responds to God's longing to be known.<sup id="cite_ref-Little,_John_T._1987_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Little,_John_T._1987-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Perfect Human through this developed self-consciousness and self-realization prompts divine self-manifestation. This causes the Perfect Human to be of both divine and earthly origin, al-Arabi calls him the Isthmus. Being the Isthmus between heaven and Earth the perfect human fulfills God's desire to be known and God's presence can be realized through him by others. Additionally through self manifestation one acquires divine knowledge, which is the primordial spirit of Muhammad and all its perfection. Al-Arabi details that the perfect human is of the cosmos to the divine and conveys the divine spirit to the cosmos.<sup id="cite_ref-Little,_John_T._1987_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Little,_John_T._1987-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_contribution_of_al-Jili">The contribution of al-Jili</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Ins%C4%81n_al-K%C4%81mil&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The contribution of al-Jili"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Kar%C4%ABm_al-J%C4%ABl%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd al-Karīm al-Jīlī">Abd al-Karim b. Ibrahim al-Jili</a> was born in 1365 and was a Sunni Sufi who spent much of his life in Yemen being taught by the Shaiyk Sharaf al-Din al-Jabarti.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Ins%C4%81n_al-K%C4%81mil&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-A%E1%B8%A5z%C4%81b" title="Al-Aḥzāb">Al-Aḥzāb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_and_Promethean_man" title="Pontifical and Promethean man">Pontifical and Promethean man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutb" title="Qutb">Qutb</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Ins%C4%81n_al-K%C4%81mil&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLeaman2006" class="citation book cs1">Leaman, Oliver (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=isDgI0-0Ip4C&pg=PA302"><i>The Qur'an: An encyclopedia</i></a>. Routledge. p. 302. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-32639-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-32639-7"><bdi>0-415-32639-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Qur%27an%3A+An+encyclopedia&rft.pages=302&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-415-32639-7&rft.aulast=Leaman&rft.aufirst=Oliver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DisDgI0-0Ip4C%26pg%3DPA302&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Ins%C4%81n+al-K%C4%81mil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NE-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NE_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NE_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlasséHuston_Smith2003" class="citation book cs1">Glassé, Cyril; Huston Smith (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=focLrox-frUC&pg=PA216"><i>The New Encyclopedia of Islam</i></a>. Rowman Altamira. p. 216. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7591-0190-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7591-0190-6"><bdi>0-7591-0190-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Encyclopedia+of+Islam&rft.pages=216&rft.pub=Rowman+Altamira&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-7591-0190-6&rft.aulast=Glass%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Cyril&rft.au=Huston+Smith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfocLrox-frUC%26pg%3DPA216&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Ins%C4%81n+al-K%C4%81mil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ip/rep/H022.htm#H022SECT4">Ibn al-'Arabi, Muhyi al-Din (1164–1240), The 'perfect human' and the Muhammadan reality</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorbintranslated_by_Liadain_SherrardPhilip_Sherrard1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Corbin" title="Henry Corbin">Corbin, Henry</a>; translated by Liadain Sherrard; <a href="/wiki/Philip_Sherrard" title="Philip Sherrard">Philip Sherrard</a> (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080509183618/http://www.amiscorbin.com/textes/anglais/Hist_Iran_Phil_Corbin_part_I.pdf"><i>History of Islamic Philosophy</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. London; Kegan Paul International in association with Islamic Publications for The Institute of Ismaili Studies. pp. <span class="nowrap">97–</span>98. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7103-0416-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7103-0416-1"><bdi>0-7103-0416-1</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amiscorbin.com/textes/anglais/Hist_Iran_Phil_Corbin_part_I.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 9 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Islamic+Philosophy&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E97-%3C%2Fspan%3E98&rft.pub=London%3B+Kegan+Paul+International+in+association+with+Islamic+Publications+for+The+Institute+of+Ismaili+Studies&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-7103-0416-1&rft.aulast=Corbin&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft.au=translated+by+Liadain+Sherrard&rft.au=Philip+Sherrard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amiscorbin.com%2Ftextes%2Fanglais%2FHist_Iran_Phil_Corbin_part_I.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Ins%C4%81n+al-K%C4%81mil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bewley2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bewley2_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMansur_Al-Hallaj,_Translated_by_Aisha_Bewley1974" class="citation cs2">Mansur Al-Hallaj, Translated by Aisha Bewley (1974), <i>The Tawasin</i>, Diwan Press, pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>3</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tawasin&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E3&rft.pub=Diwan+Press&rft.date=1974&rft.au=Mansur+Al-Hallaj%2C+Translated+by+Aisha+Bewley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Ins%C4%81n+al-K%C4%81mil" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMario_Kozah2015" class="citation cs2">Mario Kozah (2015), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v_7dCgAAQBAJ"><i>The Birth of Indology as an Islamic Science</i></a>, BRILL, p. 13, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-30554-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-30554-0"><bdi>978-90-04-30554-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Birth+of+Indology+as+an+Islamic+Science&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-90-04-30554-0&rft.au=Mario+Kozah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv_7dCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Ins%C4%81n+al-K%C4%81mil" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Telebayev, Gaziz, and Khoja Ahmed Yasawi. "Turkic elements in the Sufi philosophical tradition: Khoja Ahmed Yasawi." Cross Cultural Studies: Education and Science 2 (2019): 100-107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150228113511/http://bewley.virtualave.net/fusus27.html"><i>THE SEALS OF WISDOM</i></a>, Aisha Bewley, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bewley.virtualave.net/fusus27.html">the original</a> on 28 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2015</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=THE+SEALS+OF+WISDOM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbewley.virtualave.net%2Ffusus27.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Ins%C4%81n+al-K%C4%81mil" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Encyclopedia_Iranica-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia_Iranica_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia_Iranica_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bowering, Gerhard. "Ensan-e-Kamel." Encyclopedia Iranica (1998): Web. 3 April 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://iranica.com/articles/ensan-e-kamel">http://iranica.com/articles/ensan-e-kamel</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719015246/http://iranica.com/articles/ensan-e-kamel">Archived</a> 19 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chittick, William C. "Ebn al-'Arabi Mohyi-al- Din Abu 'Abd-Allah Mohammad Ta’I Hatemi." Encyclopedia Iranica (1996): Web. 3 April 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://iranica.com/articles/ebn-al-arabi">http://iranica.com/articles/ebn-al-arabi</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719015334/http://iranica.com/articles/ebn-al-arabi">Archived</a> 19 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Little,_John_T._1987-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Little,_John_T._1987_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Little,_John_T._1987_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Little, John T. "Al-Insan al-Kamil: the perfect man according to Ibn al-'Arabi." Muslim World 77.1 (1987): 43–54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ritter, H. "ʿAbdal-Karīm, Ḳuṭb al-Dīn b. Ibrāhīm al-ḎJ̲īlī." Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Edited by: P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2011. Brill Online. Augustana.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Ins%C4%81n_al-K%C4%81mil&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.al-islam.org/perfectman/">Perfect Man</a> by <a href="/wiki/Morteza_Motahhari" title="Morteza Motahhari">Ayatullah Murtada Mutahhari</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibnarabisociety.org/articles/weismann.html">God and the Perfect Man in the Experience of 'Abd al-Qâdir al-Jaza'iri</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020923060037/http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~bvon/pages/sufi_texts_contest.html">Topics in Islamic Religion: Sufi Texts Contestation and Competition: Sufism and Opposition to Sufism Religious Studies 545</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080304105332/http://www.religion-online.org/showarticle.asp?title=1633">Radical Islamic Anthropology: Key to Christian Theologizing in the Context of Islam, by David Emmanuel Singh</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sufism_terminology124" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sufism_terminology" title="Template:Sufism terminology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sufism_terminology" title="Template talk:Sufism terminology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sufism_terminology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sufism terminology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sufism_terminology124" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a> terminology</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sufis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdal" title="Abdal">Abdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Khutwa" title="Ahl al-Khutwa">Ahl al-Khutwa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Al-Insān al-Kāmil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bash_Hezzab" title="Bash Hezzab">Bash Hezzab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dervish" title="Dervish">Dervish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakir" title="Fakir">Fakir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafiz_(Quran)" title="Hafiz (Quran)">Hafiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezzab" title="Hezzab">Hezzab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imam" title="Imam">Imam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatib" title="Khatib">Khatib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majzoob_(Sufism)" title="Majzoob (Sufism)">Majzoob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marabout" title="Marabout">Marabout</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mudaqiq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mudaqiq (page does not exist)">Mudaqiq</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%82%D9%82_(%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9)" class="extiw" title="ar:مدقق (صوفية)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muqaddam" title="Muqaddam">Muqaddam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muqarrab_(Sufism)" title="Muqarrab (Sufism)">Muqarrab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murshid" title="Murshid">Murshid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mutahaqiq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mutahaqiq (page does not exist)">Mutahaqiq</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%82_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%82_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%82" class="extiw" title="ar:متحقق بالحق والخلق">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murid" title="Murid">Murid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nass_al-Houdhour" title="Nass al-Houdhour">Nass al-Houdhour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pir_(Sufism)" title="Pir (Sufism)">Pir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalandar_(title)" title="Qalandar (title)">Qalandar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q%C4%81ri%CA%BE" title="Qāriʾ">Qāriʾ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutb" title="Qutb">Qutb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbani_(Sufism)" title="Rabbani (Sufism)">Rabbani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salik" title="Salik">Salik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_(Sufism)" title="Sheikh (Sufism)">Sheikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddiq" title="Siddiq">Siddiq</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sufis_ranks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sufis ranks (page does not exist)">Sufis ranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talibe" title="Talibe">Talibe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Seven_ranks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Seven ranks (page does not exist)">The Seven ranks</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:المراتب السبعة">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wali" title="Wali">Wali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasil_(Sufism)" title="Wasil (Sufism)">Wasil</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Raising_hands_in_Dua" title="Raising hands in Dua"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/IslamSymbol.svg/160px-IslamSymbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/IslamSymbol.svg/240px-IslamSymbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/IslamSymbol.svg/320px-IslamSymbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="213" data-file-height="213" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aayane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aayane (page does not exist)">Aayane</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81)" class="extiw" title="ar:أعيان (تصوف)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aayane_Thabita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aayane Thabita (page does not exist)">Aayane Thabita</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:الأعيان الثابتة">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind" title="Mind">Aql</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baqaa" title="Baqaa">Baqaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhawq" title="Dhawq">Dhawq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fana_(Sufism)" title="Fana (Sufism)">Fana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghaflah" title="Ghaflah">Ghaflah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_(Sufism)" title="Hal (Sufism)">Hal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hijab_(Sufism)" title="Hijab (Sufism)">Hijab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huwa" title="Huwa">Huwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihsan" title="Ihsan">Ihsan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishq" title="Ishq">Ishq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismul_Azam" class="mw-redirect" title="Ismul Azam">Ismul Azam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lataif-e-Sitta" title="Lataif-e-Sitta">Lataif-e-Sitta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maqam_(Sufism)" title="Maqam (Sufism)">Maqam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nafs" title="Nafs">Nafs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalb" title="Qalb">Qalb</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ran_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ran (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Ran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C5%AB%E1%B8%A5" title="Rūḥ">Rūḥ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sadr_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sadr (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Sadr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqeen" title="Yaqeen">Yaqeen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wird_(Sufism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wird (Sufism)">Awrad</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhikr" title="Dhikr">Dhikr</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Djamaa_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Djamaa (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Djamaa</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9_(%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83)" class="extiw" title="ar:جمع (سلوك)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Djoua_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Djoua (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Djoua</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B9_(%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81)" class="extiw" title="ar:جوع (تصوف)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dua" title="Dua">Dua</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibara_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibara (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Ibara</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_(%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9)" class="extiw" title="ar:عبارة (صوفية)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ichara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ichara (page does not exist)">Ichara</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_(%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9)" class="extiw" title="ar:إشارة (صوفية)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latifa_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latifa (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Latifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazimi" title="Lazimi">Lazimi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhasabah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhasabah (page does not exist)">Muhasabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muraqabah" title="Muraqabah">Muraqabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raising_hands_in_Dua" class="mw-redirect" title="Raising hands in Dua">Raising hands in Dua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabr" title="Sabr">Sabr</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sahar_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sahar (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Sahar</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%87%D8%B1_(%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81)" class="extiw" title="ar:سهر (تصوف)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salat_al-Fatih" title="Salat al-Fatih">Salat al-Fatih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salawat" title="Salawat">Salawat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samt_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samt (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Samt</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%85%D8%AA_(%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81)" class="extiw" title="ar:صمت (تصوف)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shuhud_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shuhud (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Shuhud</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF_(%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81)" class="extiw" title="ar:شهود (تصوف)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shukr" title="Shukr">Shukr</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sufism_pillars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sufism pillars (page does not exist)">Sufism pillars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemplation" title="Contemplation">Tafakur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tahara_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tahara (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Tahara</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:طهارة معنوية">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tahlia_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tahlia (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Tahlia</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9)" class="extiw" title="ar:تحلية (صوفية)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Takhlia_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Takhlia (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Takhlia</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9)" class="extiw" title="ar:تخلية (صوفية)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tawajud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tawajud (page does not exist)">Tawajud</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AF" class="extiw" title="ar:تواجد">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawakkul" title="Tawakkul">Tawakkul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawassul" title="Tawassul">Tawassul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tazkiah" class="mw-redirect" title="Tazkiah">Tazkiah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uzla_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uzla (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Uzla</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B2%D9%84%D8%A9_(%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81)" class="extiw" title="ar:عزلة (تصوف)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wajd" title="Wajd">Wajd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wazifa" title="Wazifa">Wazifa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wazifa_Zarruqiyya" title="Wazifa Zarruqiyya">Zarruqiyya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wird" title="Wird">Wird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asceticism" title="Asceticism">Zuhd</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Warid_(Sufism)" title="Warid (Sufism)">Waridates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barakah" title="Barakah">Barakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basirah" class="mw-redirect" title="Basirah">Basirah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bast_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bast (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Bast</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%B7_(%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81)" class="extiw" title="ar:بسط (تصوف)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Djadba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Djadba (page does not exist)">Djadba</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B0%D8%A8%D8%A9_(%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81)" class="extiw" title="ar:جذبة (تصوف)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fath_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fath (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Fath</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AD_(%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81)" class="extiw" title="ar:فتح (تصوف)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haqiqa" title="Haqiqa">Haqiqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidayah" title="Hidayah">Hidayah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afflatus" title="Afflatus">Ilham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irfan" title="Irfan">Irfan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illuminationism" title="Illuminationism">Ishrak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karamat" title="Karamat">Karamat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashf" title="Kashf">Kashf</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khatir_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khatir (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Khatir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27rifa" title="Ma'rifa">Ma'rifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C5%ABr_(Islam)" title="Nūr (Islam)">Nūr</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qabdh_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qabdh (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Qabdh</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B6_(%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81)" class="extiw" title="ar:قبض (تصوف)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rabita_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rabita (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Rabita</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%A9_(%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9)" class="extiw" title="ar:رابطة (صوفية)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ru%27ya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ru'ya (page does not exist)">Ru'ya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Secret (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Secret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajalli" title="Tajalli">Tajalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thawab" title="Thawab">Thawab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uns_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uns (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Uns</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%B3" class="extiw" title="ar:أنس">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walayah" title="Walayah">Walayah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warid_(Sufism)" title="Warid (Sufism)">Warid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Misconducts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antinomianism#Islamic_antinomianism" title="Antinomianism">Antinomianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monasticism" title="Monasticism">Rahbaniya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shath" title="Shath">Shath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubris" title="Hubris">Taqabbur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zandaqa" title="Zandaqa">Zandaqa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ceremonies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashura" title="Ashura">Ashura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay%27ah" title="Bay'ah">Bay'ah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ha%E1%B8%8Dra" title="Haḍra">Haḍra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hizb_Rateb" title="Hizb Rateb">Hizb Rateb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idjaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Idjaza">Idjaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawlid" title="Mawlid">Mawlid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawsim" title="Mawsim">Mawsim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salka_(Sufism)" title="Salka (Sufism)">Salka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sbooa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sbooa (page does not exist)">Sbooa</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sbu%C3%A2" class="extiw" title="fr:Sbuâ">fr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebiba" title="Sebiba">Sebiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silsila" title="Silsila">Silsila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sufi_orders" title="List of Sufi orders">Sufi orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariqa" title="Tariqa">Tariqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tweeza" title="Tweeza">Tweeza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wezeea" title="Wezeea">Wezeea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyarat" title="Ziyarat">Ziyarat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashewiq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ashewiq (page does not exist)">Ashewiq</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%82" class="extiw" title="ar:أشويق">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madih_nabawi" title="Madih nabawi">Madih nabawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasheed" title="Nasheed">Nasheed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na%CA%BDat" title="Naʽat">Naʽat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qawwali" title="Qawwali">Qawwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sama_(Sufism)" title="Sama (Sufism)">Sama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_cosmology" title="Sufi cosmology">Sufi cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sufism" title="History of Sufism">Sufism history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_literature" title="Sufi literature">Sufi literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_metaphysics" title="Sufi metaphysics">Sufi metaphysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_music" title="Sufi music">Sufi music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Sufis" title="Persecution of Sufis">Sufis persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_philosophy" title="Sufi philosophy">Sufi philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_poetry" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufi poetry">Sufi poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_psychology" title="Sufi psychology">Sufi psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_whirling" title="Sufi whirling">Sufi whirling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daara" title="Daara">Daara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dargah" title="Dargah">Dargah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datuk_Keramat" title="Datuk Keramat">Datuk Keramat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eidgah" title="Eidgah">Eidgah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonbad" class="mw-redirect" title="Gonbad">Gonbad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongbei_(Islamic_architecture)" title="Gongbei (Islamic architecture)">Gongbei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jama_masjid" class="mw-redirect" title="Jama masjid">Jama masjid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jama%27at_Khana" title="Jama'at Khana">Jama'at Khana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalwa_(Sufism)" title="Khalwa (Sufism)">Khalwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalwa_(school)" title="Khalwa (school)"> Khalawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanqah" class="mw-redirect" title="Khanqah">Khanqah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BClliye" title="Külliye">Külliye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuttab" title="Kuttab">Kuttab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrasa" title="Madrasa">Madrasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maqam_(shrine)" title="Maqam (shrine)">Maqam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maqbara" title="Maqbara">Maqbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mausoleum" title="Mausoleum">Mausoleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazar_(mausoleum)" title="Mazar (mausoleum)">Mazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musalla" title="Musalla">Musalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qubba" title="Qubba">Qubba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rauza" title="Rauza">Rauza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribat" title="Ribat">Ribat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surau" title="Surau">Surau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takya" class="mw-redirect" title="Takya">Takya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbah" title="Turbah">Turbah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrbe" title="Türbe">Türbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zawiya_(institution)" title="Zawiya (institution)">Zawiya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ammama" title="Ammama">Ammama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balgha" title="Balgha">Balgha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnous" title="Burnous">Burnous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djellaba" title="Djellaba">Djellaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandoura" title="Gandoura">Gandoura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jellabiya" title="Jellabiya">Jellabiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khirqa" title="Khirqa">Khirqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misbaha" title="Misbaha">Misbaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miswak" title="Miswak">Miswak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_rug" title="Prayer rug">Prayer rug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qashabiya" title="Qashabiya">Qashabiya</a></li> <li><a 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</span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Psychology" title="Portal:Psychology">Psychology</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox411" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4201335#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" 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