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class="h pbm"> <h1 class="ph"> 垫紫草的诱惑 <a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog.php?mod=recommend"><img src="./static/image/blog/recommendico.gif" width="22px" height="22px" /><font style="font-size:14px; color:#930;" face="宋体">精选</font></a> </h1> <p class="xg2"> <span class="xg1">已有 7969 次阅读</span> <span class="xg1">2024-7-30 16:58</span> <span class="pipe">|</span><span class="xg1">个人分类:<a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=52727&do=blog&classid=172808&view=me">科学考察</a></span><span class="pipe">|</span><span class="xg1">系统分类:<a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=space&do=blog&view=all&uid=52727&catid=1">科研笔记</a></span> </p> </div> <div id="blog_article" class="d cl" ><p style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; white-space: normal; line-height: 3em;"><span style="color: teal; font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; white-space: normal; line-height: 3em;"><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202407/30/163048iyuooceyeao4hhi4.jpg" title="" alt="垫紫草 .jpg"/></p><p style="text-align: center; white-space: normal; text-indent: 40px; line-height: 3em;"><span style="font-family:宋体, SimSun"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, ">图1 垫紫草</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-indent: 40px; line-height: 3em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">20世纪90年代，我的主要研究方向是在现代植物。在云南丰富多彩植物中，高山流石滩的植物最让我痴迷。高山流石滩是上苍的花园，各种奇花异卉在这里轮番展示自己的风姿。为了不错过它们，我每年都会去高山流石滩进行植物学考察。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-indent: 40px; line-height: 3em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">上一篇博文说过香格里拉的大雪山是考察流石滩植物最理想的地方，德钦的白马雪山也是这样的地方。因海拔</span><span style="font-family: ">5640</span><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">米的主峰扎拉雀尼峰，形似骏马且常年积雪，这座山被称为白马雪山（图</span><span style="font-family: ">2</span><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">）。白马雪山横亘在金沙江和澜沧江之间，是这两条大江的分水岭。承担着滇藏线任务的</span><span style="font-family: ">214</span><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">国道，从白马雪山穿行而过，将白马雪山分成了南北两个部分。北边是阳面，高山流石滩从公路边一直绵延到山顶，下车就能走进流石滩，看到高山植物。南边是阴面，有一大片草甸，草甸上的物种多样性不如流石滩丰富，来到白马雪山考察植物，北边自然成了大多数人的首选。</span><span style="font-family: ">1997</span><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">年的一个夏天，我对自己说为什么不去南部看看呢？思行合一，我独自一人踏进了那一大片草甸，穿过草甸，向高处的山峰走去。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 3em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;"><img src="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=attachment&filename=%CD%BC2%20%B0%D7%C2%ED%D1%A9%C9%BD%B5%C4%D6%F7%B7%E5.jpg&id=1294162" title="" alt="图2 白马雪山的主峰.jpg"/></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center; white-space: normal; text-indent: 40px; line-height: 3em;"><span style="font-family:简宋, serif"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微软雅黑, ">图2 白马雪山的主峰<span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 40px; font-family: 微软雅黑, ">扎拉雀尼峰</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-indent: 40px; line-height: 3em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">南边植物的多样性确不如北边，但确也生长着一些在北边看不到的植物，我边走边拍照，采集样品，不经意间便来到了海拔</span><span style="font-family: ">4800</span><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">米的高程。突然间一种奇特的植物映入了我的眼帘：一朵朵湛蓝色的小花，挤挤挨挨形成了一个蓝色圆形的花球，五瓣蓝色花冠近圆形，每瓣花冠的基部有一抹白色，在花心处汇集成一个白色的圆环，看上去像一只只一眨一眨的小眼睛，蓝色的花球匍匐裸露的岩石上，在这荒芜的山岗上格外显眼。这是一种，我从未见过的植物，从花的特征看，我能判断这是紫草科的植物，但是具体的属、种就不知道了。我拍了几张照片，在不破坏这个蓝色花球的前提下，小心翼翼地从花球的边缘处采了一个小标本，返回了驻地。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-indent: 40px; line-height: 3em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">回到驻地，我迫不及待地翻起书来，结果很快就出来了。这个蓝色花球是紫草科的垫紫草（</span><em><span style="font-family: ">Chionocharis hookeri</span></em><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">）。垫紫草是一个单种属，它分布于西藏南部、云南西北部和四川西南部和锡金，生在海拔</span><span style="font-family: ">3500</span><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">—</span><span style="font-family: ">5000</span><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">米石质山坡或陡峻的石崖上。显然，这是青藏高原高寒地区的特有种，分布区域比较狭窄，加之分布海拔较高，可谓藏在深闺人未识，不入深山不得见。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 3em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;"><img src="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=attachment&filename=%CD%BC3%20.png&id=1294163" title="" alt="图3 .png"/></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 3em;"><span style="font-family:简宋, serif"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, ">图3 抱团取暖应对严寒的高山植物，从左到右分别是葶苈、垫紫草、点地梅、福禄草、岩梅</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-indent: 40px; line-height: 3em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">由于生活在高寒环境，它们抱团取暖形成了一个个的球形。有研究表明球形的内部的温度，显著高于球形的表面。除了垫紫草，许多高山流石滩的植物如雪灵芝（</span><em><span style="font-family: ">Arenaria</span></em><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">）、葶苈（</span><em><span style="font-family: ">Draba</span></em><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">）和点地梅</span><span style="font-family: ">(<em>Androsace</em>)</span><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">等都采用这种方式抵御高寒恶劣的生存环境。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-indent: 40px; line-height: 3em;"><span style="font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">那个时候，还没有数码相机，我拍了几张反转片，就匆匆下了山。当照片冲洗出来后，我便得意洋洋地拿到同事中间去显摆。还别说在同事中，真没有几个见到过垫紫草的，更别说有照片了。那张垫紫草的照片，成为我探索高山花卉较为深入的一个标志，让我出尽了风头。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 3em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">在此之后工作越来越忙，大量的时间花在了写</span><span style="font-family: ">SCI</span><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">的论文上，加之我的研究方向逐步转向了古植物和古生态，考察高山植物的机会大大地减少了。从那以后，我再也没有亲眼见到过垫紫草。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 3em;"><span style="font-size: 20px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><span style="font-family: ">2024</span><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">年的</span><span style="font-family: ">6</span><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">月为了执行第二次青藏高原科学考察研究的任务，我们与中国科学院</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">古脊椎和古人类研究所的团队共同开展横断山地区的野外调查，寻找新生代的动植物化石，并与现代青藏高原东部的动植物进行生态环境的对比研究，就这样我们来到了白马雪山，我多少怀着一点小私心，将考察队伍引到白马雪山的南边，我想要旧地重游，再去看看</span><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><span style="font-family: "> </span><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">“深闺”中的垫紫草。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 3em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">出乎意料的是在考察队伍中，还有一人也惦记着垫紫草，他是中国科学院古脊椎和古人类研究所的副研究员王维。这位和唐朝诗人同名的青年学者，是我们的昆明老乡。我和他的相识，源自</span><span style="font-family: ">2020</span><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">年发生在古生物界的一次重大事件。那一年3月《</span><span style="font-family: ">Nature</span><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">》发表了一篇缅甸琥珀化石的封面文章（图4）。这篇</span><span style="font-family: ">Nature</span><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">文章的作者声称，他们在缅甸琥珀中发现了恐龙，而这个恐龙是世界上最小的恐龙。这个发现瞬间就点燃了古生物圈，世界上真有只有几厘米大小的恐龙吗？有人欢呼，有人质疑。</span><span style="font-family: ">Nature</span><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">文章的热乎气还未消散，一篇题为《最小的恐龙恐怕是最大的乌龙》的文章，又一次点燃了古生物圈。这篇文章指出：琥珀中的化石，是“虫”（蜥蜴）不是“龙”，最小的恐龙，是一个最大的乌龙。我被的文章严谨的科学态度，非常专业的解剖知识，严密的逻辑所打动，即便我不是研究恐龙的专家，我也相信作者的判断。因为这文章极为专业的解剖学知识，摆事实讲道理，反驳有理有据，令人信服，这篇文章的第一作者正是王维。果不其然，</span><span style="font-family: "> 缅甸琥珀恐龙的Nature</span><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">文章被撤稿了，最小恐龙真成了最大的乌龙。通过这篇文章让我对这位青年才俊十分欣赏，特别欣赏他求真求实的科学精神。</span><span style="font-family: ">2020</span><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">年云南植物学会的古植物学分会成立，我专门邀请他来讲一讲古生物学界的这次乌龙事件。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 3em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;"><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202407/30/180246pcv9icl2c3s8q6ae.png" title="" alt="截屏2024-07-30 17.58.17.png"/></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 3em;"><span style="font-family:简宋, serif"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, ">图4 Nature缅甸琥珀中“恐龙”的封面文章</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 3em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;"><img src="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=attachment&filename=%CD%BC4.jpg&id=1294168" title="" alt="图4.jpg"/></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 3em;"><span style="font-family:简宋, serif"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, ">图5 中国电信发行的印有垫紫草的IC卡</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 3em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">王维是从一张</span><span style="font-family: ">IC</span><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">卡上认识垫紫草的，而这张</span><span style="font-family: ">IC</span><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">卡上垫紫草的照片就是我提供的</span><span style="font-family: ">(</span><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">图</span><span style="font-family: ">5)</span><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">。说到</span><span style="font-family: ">IC</span><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">卡，现在的年轻网友可能不知道为何物。在</span><span style="font-family: ">20</span><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">世纪</span><span style="font-family: ">90</span><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">年代，移动通讯刚刚出现，手机是稀罕之物，动辄几万元，只有大老板们才会拥有，因而被称为“大哥大”。普通人打电话是用街边的公用电话。</span><span style="font-family: ">IC</span><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">卡就是预存了花费的电话卡，把</span><span style="font-family: ">IC</span><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">卡插入公用电话，才能打电话。</span><span style="font-family: ">1999</span><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">年世界园艺博览会（世博会）在昆明举行，中国电信局为了配合世博会，选了一些云南的奇花异卉来装饰</span><span style="font-family: ">IC</span><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">卡。当中国电信局的工作人员来昆明所选照片的时候，就选到了垫紫草。大概是从小就喜欢大自然的缘故，王维买下了这张印有垫紫草的</span><span style="font-family: ">IC</span><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">卡，并在话费用完之后，还一直保存着这张</span><span style="font-family: ">IC</span><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">卡。当王维得知这次考察可能会看到垫紫草时，请家人从他儿时的“百宝箱”中，找出了这张电话卡，并专程送到了昆明机场。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 3em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">当来车在白马雪山停下的时候，我却有几分的忐忑。</span><span style="font-family: ">27</span><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">年前，我还正当年，独自一人，一边爬山，一边看植物，不知不觉中就到达</span><span style="font-family: ">4800</span><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">米的高程。如今我已经</span><span style="font-family: ">68</span><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">了，是否还能再次爬到</span><span style="font-family: ">4800</span><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">米垫紫草生长的地方，心里实在没有底。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 3em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;"><img src="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=attachment&filename=%CD%BC5%C1%F7%CA%AF%CC%B2%C9%CF%B5%C4%BB%A8%D4%B0.jpg&id=1294170" title="" alt="图5流石滩上的花园.jpg"/></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center; white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 3em;"><span style="font-family:简宋, serif"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, ">图6 流石滩上的花园</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 3em;"><span style="font-family:简宋, serif"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, "><img src="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=attachment&filename=%CD%BC6.png&id=1294171" title="" alt="图6.png"/></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left; white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 3em;"><span style="font-family:简宋, serif"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, ">图7 流石滩上的“新老朋友”，左上：岩须、马先蒿、怒江杜鹃、左下：矮生野决明、紫花糖荠、疏叶雀儿豆</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 3em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">我鼓足勇气朝往上走，看似荒芜的山岗，其实是一个神奇的花园（图</span><span style="font-family: ">6</span><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">），不经意间，就会看到各种奇花异卉就会冒出来。我边走边看植物边拍照，这些“老朋友”和“新朋友”让我忘记了疲劳（图</span><span style="font-family: ">7</span><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">），引导着我一步步地往前走。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 3em;"><span style="font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">仰头看去，远处有一道山梁，山梁仿佛已经是最高处，给人一个错觉，似乎那个山梁就是山顶了，多年的爬山的经验告诉我，那个山梁后还有山梁，所谓山外有山，天外有天。我喘着粗气在想，这人生之路也充满了一个个的坎，过了一个还有一个在等着，只有不断地爬坡上坎，才能够领略高处的景色。</span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 3em;"><span style="font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><img src="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=attachment&filename=%CD%BC7.jpg&id=1294177" title="" alt="图7.jpg"/></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 3em;"><span style="font-family:宋体, SimSun"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, ">图8 王维看到垫紫草后发来的第一张照片</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 3em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">几位同学们一会儿就从身边消失不见，他们急不可耐地向山顶走去，想尽早一睹垫紫草的芳颜。不会儿，王维就在群里发了一张照片，他已经看到了垫紫草（图</span><span style="font-family: ">8</span><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">）。这不啻是一针强心针，让我鼓起余勇奋力向前。又爬一道又一道的山梁，海拔已经到了</span><span style="font-family: ">4800</span><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">米，山体在此处开阔了起来，我终于又看到那个让我魂牵梦萦的蓝色花球，它们星星点点散落在裸露的岩石间，让荒芜的山岗显出几分的生机（图</span><span style="font-family: ">9</span><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">）。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 3em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;"><img src="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=attachment&filename=%CD%BC8.jpg&id=1294178" title="" alt="图8.jpg"/></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 3em;"><span style="font-family:简宋, serif"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, ">图9 散落在高山上的垫紫草</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 3em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">王维早就在山顶等候着，说好的我们要和垫紫草还有那张</span><span style="font-family: ">IC</span><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">卡合一个影（图</span><span style="font-family: ">10</span><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">）。也许正是这张</span><span style="font-family: ">IC</span><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">卡，让王维的心里更增添了热爱大自然的情愫，并把他引到了古生物的领域。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 3em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">我在</span><span style="font-family: ">68</span><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">岁的年龄，爬上了海拔</span><span style="font-family: ">4800</span><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">米的山岗，又看到了垫紫草，实现了另一个小目标（图</span><span style="font-family: ">11</span><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">）。</span><span style="font-family: "> </span><span style="font-family: 简宋, serif;">在上山的路上疲惫不堪，我也曾想过要放弃，由于坚持，我看到垫紫草。人生的目标，哪一个不是坚持才能实现的。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; white-space: normal; line-height: 3em;"><span style="font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"> </span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 3em;"><img src="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=attachment&filename=%CD%BC9%20.jpg&id=1294179" title="" alt="图9 .jpg"/></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 3em;">图10 两位昆明老乡与垫紫草的相遇</p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 3em;"><img src="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=attachment&filename=%CD%BC10.jpg&id=1294180" title="" alt="图10.jpg"/></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 3em;">图11 实现小目标，又见垫紫草</p><p style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; white-space: normal; line-height: 3em;"><span style="font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"></span></p><p></p> <br /><br /> <label style="font-size:13px; color:#850f0f">转载本文请联系原作者获取授权，同时请注明本文来自周浙昆科学网博客。<br />链接地址：</label><a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-52727-1444437.html" target="_blank" style="font-size:13px; color:#850f0f">https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-52727-1444437.html </a> <br /><br />上一篇：<a href='blog-52727-1442399.html' target='_black'>杜鹃花名考证——滇西北考察纪行之三</a><br />下一篇：<a href='blog-52727-1449079.html' target='_black'>一个吃瓜群众的杂感——写在基金放榜之时</a>  </div> <div id="click_div"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="atd"> <tr></tr> </table> <script type="text/javascript"> function 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