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class="mw-page-title-main">Ayam (cap)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayam" title="Ayam – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ayam" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%96%8C" title="아얌 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아얌" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayam_(topi)" title="Ayam (topi) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ayam (topi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Korean traditional winter cap</div> <table class="infobox" style="width: 22em"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size: 125%; color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Ayam</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Korean_hat-Ayam-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Korean_hat-Ayam-01.jpg/220px-Korean_hat-Ayam-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Korean_hat-Ayam-01.jpg/330px-Korean_hat-Ayam-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Korean_hat-Ayam-01.jpg/440px-Korean_hat-Ayam-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1739" data-file-height="2609" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Modernized <i>ayam</i></div></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de;">Korean name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline; font-size: 1rem;"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">아얌 / 액엄</span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline; font-size: 1rem;"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%A1%8D" class="extiw" title="wikt:額">額</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%8E%A9" class="extiw" title="wikt:掩">掩</a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">Revised Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">ayam /aegeom</i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer" title="McCune–Reischauer">McCune–Reischauer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="McCune–Reischauer transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">ayam / aekŏm</i></span></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tbody></table> <p>An <b>ayam (아얌)</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korean</a> traditional winter <a href="/wiki/Cap" title="Cap">cap</a> mostly worn by women in the <a href="/wiki/Joseon_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseon period">Joseon period</a> (1392 – 1910) for protection against the cold.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also called <i><b>aegeom</b></i> which literally means "covering a forehead" in <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>. There is a historical record which mentions that officials in a low class called <i><span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn">iseo</i></span></i> (이서, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%90%8F" class="extiw" title="wikt:吏">吏</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%83%A5" class="extiw" title="wikt:胥">胥</a>) wore <i>ayam</i> in the early Joseon period, so it was a unisex cap. However, it is not clear whether the shape at that time was identical to that of the later period. During the late Joseon period, an <i>ayam</i> was usually worn by female commoners. Especially in the western part of Korea, <i><a href="/wiki/Kisaeng" title="Kisaeng">kisaeng</a></i> (female Korean entertainers) commonly wore an <i>ayam</i>, and they were also worn as a simple formal <a href="/wiki/Headgear" title="Headgear">headgear</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EncyKorea_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EncyKorea-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition">Composition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayam_(cap)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>ayam</i> generally consists of <i><span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn">mobu</i></span></i> (모부, a crown) and <i><span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn">deurim</i></span></i> (드림) which are shaped like <i><span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn">daenggi</i></span></i> (댕기) or a big ribbon. The upper 4–5 cm part of the <i>mobu</i> is finely <a href="/wiki/Quilt" title="Quilt">quilted</a>, the vertical line of the front shorter than the back's. On the bottom edge, the front part is more curved than the back. In addition, the vertical lines of the front and back are a little curvy, so that, when wearing an <i>ayam</i>, it fits well to one's head. Black or purple silk is used for the upper quilted part of the outer fabric, while black or dark brown fur is used for the rest of the <i><span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn">mobu</i></span></i>. The fabric for the inner is red cotton <a href="/wiki/Flannel" title="Flannel">flannel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EncyKorea_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EncyKorea-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Tassel" title="Tassel">tassel</a> attached to the upper center of both front and back is mostly red in color and the strings connected from both sides are all flat <a href="/wiki/Braid" title="Braid">braids</a>. However, some <i>ayam</i> worn by <i><span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn">kisaeng</i></span></i> were very luxuriously adorned with big and sumptuous jewels, such as <a href="/wiki/Jade" title="Jade">jade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amber" title="Amber">amber</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Orpiment" title="Orpiment">orpiment</a>, on the tassels of both sides.<sup id="cite_ref-EncyKorea_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EncyKorea-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are two types of <i><span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn">deurim</i></span></i> hung on the back of <i>ayam</i>. One is made with two sheets of fabric in a 9–10 cm width which are linked together lightly. The other is made of one sheet of fabric in an 18–20 cm width, with the center folded. On the center line of the <i><span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn">deurim</i></span></i> are decorations of jade, amber, and others gems, and the length is usually over 100 cm. The <i>ayam</i> worn for spring and autumn has the same shape as the one for winter, but it is made of a lighter silk.<sup id="cite_ref-EncyKorea_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EncyKorea-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Expression">Expression</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayam_(cap)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Expression"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Korean expression "<span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn">ayang tteolda</i></span> (아양떨다)" which means to flatter or to perform <a href="/wiki/Aegyo" title="Aegyo">aegyo</a> to look cute around the people, originated from the act of shaking the "ayam".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayam_(cap)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanbok" title="Hanbok">Hanbok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hwagwan" title="Hwagwan">Hwagwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jokduri" title="Jokduri">Jokduri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jobawi" title="Jobawi">Jobawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Korean_clothing" title="List of Korean clothing">List of Korean clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mob_cap" class="mw-redirect" title="Mob cap">Mob cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubeteika" title="Tubeteika">Tubeteika</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayam_(cap)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131002225735/http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/CU/CU_EN_8_1_2.jsp">"Hanboks (Traditional Clothing)"</a>. <i>Headgear and Accessories Worn Together with Hanbok</i>. <a href="/wiki/Korea_Tourism_Organization" title="Korea Tourism Organization">Korea Tourism Organization</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://russian.tour2korea.com/enu/CU/CU_EN_8_1_2.jsp">the original</a> on 2013-10-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-09-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Headgear+and+Accessories+Worn+Together+with+Hanbok&rft.atitle=Hanboks+%28Traditional+Clothing%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frussian.tour2korea.com%2Fenu%2FCU%2FCU_EN_8_1_2.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAyam+%28cap%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EncyKorea-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EncyKorea_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EncyKorea_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EncyKorea_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EncyKorea_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110610050645/http://100.nate.com/dicsearch/pentry.html?s=K&i=249310&v=45"><bdi lang="ko">아얌</bdi></a> (in Korean). <a href="/wiki/Nate_(web_portal)" title="Nate (web portal)">Nate</a> / <a href="/wiki/EncyKorea" class="mw-redirect" title="EncyKorea">EncyKorea</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://100.nate.com/dicsearch/pentry.html?s=K&i=249310&v=45">the original</a> on 2011-06-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-09-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%EC%95%84%EC%96%8C&rft.pub=Nate+%2F+EncyKorea&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F100.nate.com%2Fdicsearch%2Fpentry.html%3Fs%3DK%26i%3D249310%26v%3D45&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAyam+%28cap%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://terms.naver.com/entry.naver?docId=2045118&cid=50802&categoryId=50811">"아양떨다"</a>. <i>naver ency</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=naver+ency&rft.atitle=%EC%95%84%EC%96%91%EB%96%A8%EB%8B%A4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fterms.naver.com%2Fentry.naver%3FdocId%3D2045118%26cid%3D50802%26categoryId%3D50811&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAyam+%28cap%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYu_Hui-gyeong_(유희경,_柳喜卿)1980" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Yu Hui-gyeong (유희경, 柳喜卿) (1980). <i>Research on Korean Costume (한국복식사연구)</i> (in Korean). <a href="/wiki/Ewha_Womans_University" title="Ewha Womans University">Ewha Womans University</a> Publishing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Research+on+Korean+Costume+%28%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EB%B3%B5%EC%8B%9D%EC%82%AC%EC%97%B0%EA%B5%AC%29&rft.pub=Ewha+Womans+University+Publishing&rft.date=1980&rft.au=Yu+Hui-gyeong+%28%EC%9C%A0%ED%9D%AC%EA%B2%BD%2C+%E6%9F%B3%E5%96%9C%E5%8D%BF%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAyam+%28cap%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ayam_(cap)&oldid=1169523309">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ayam_(cap)&oldid=1169523309</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Korean_headgear" title="Category:Korean headgear">Korean headgear</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Caps" title="Category:Caps">Caps</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_uses_Korean-language_script_(ko)" title="Category:CS1 uses Korean-language script (ko)">CS1 uses Korean-language script (ko)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Korean-language_sources_(ko)" title="Category:CS1 Korean-language sources (ko)">CS1 Korean-language sources (ko)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Korean-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Korean-language text">Articles containing Korean-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 9 August 2023, at 16:25<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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