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<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="ps" dir="rtl"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>پتریس لومومبا - ويکيپېډيا</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 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href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l557\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:557\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"formatStatements\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l1271\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:1271\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"chunk\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Emw.lua:527\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E[C]\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E[C]\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"getAllExpandedArguments\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Emw.lua:196\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E[C]\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"pairs\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Arguments\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l207\"\u003EModule:Arguments:207\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"mergeArgs\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Arguments\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l320\"\u003EModule:Arguments:320\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E[C]\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"pairs\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:TableTools\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l92\"\u003EModule:TableTools:92\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"numKeys\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:TableTools\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l187\"\u003EModule:TableTools:187\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"compressSparseArray\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Separated_entries\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l15\"\u003EModule:Separated_entries:15\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E(tail call)\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Emw.lua:527\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E[C]\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E[C]\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"getExpandedArgument\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Emw.lua:177\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Unsubst\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l26\"\u003EModule:Unsubst:26\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"chunk\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Emw.lua:527\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E[C]\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003C/ol\u003E" ,"ScribuntoErrors-bccc910b": "\u003Cp\u003ELua error in Module:Wikidata2/monolingualtext at line 4: assign to undeclared variable 'fetchName'.\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBacktrace:\u003C/p\u003E\u003Col class=\"scribunto-trace\"\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E[C]\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"error\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Estrict.lua:21\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2/monolingualtext\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l4\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2/monolingualtext:4\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"\u0026#95;main\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l1047\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:1047\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E(tail call)\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l752\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:752\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"formatSnak\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l713\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:713\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"formatStatement\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l297\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:297\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"formatOneStatement\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l557\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:557\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"formatStatements\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2/P106\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l7\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2/P106:7\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"formatGenderLabelForEntityId\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2/P106\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l33\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2/P106:33\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"fun\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l1065\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:1065\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"formatDatavalue\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l752\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:752\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"formatSnak\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l713\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:713\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"formatStatement\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l297\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:297\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"formatOneStatement\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l557\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:557\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"formatStatements\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l1271\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:1271\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"chunk\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Emw.lua:527\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E[C]\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E[C]\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"getExpandedArgument\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Emw.lua:177\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Unsubst\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l26\"\u003EModule:Unsubst:26\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"chunk\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Emw.lua:527\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E[C]\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003C/ol\u003E" ,"ScribuntoErrors-9075ed69": "\u003Cp\u003ELua error in Module:Wikidata2/monolingualtext at line 4: assign to undeclared variable 'fetchName'.\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBacktrace:\u003C/p\u003E\u003Col class=\"scribunto-trace\"\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E[C]\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"error\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Estrict.lua:21\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2/monolingualtext\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l4\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2/monolingualtext:4\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"\u0026#95;main\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l1047\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:1047\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E(tail call)\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l752\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:752\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"formatSnak\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l713\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:713\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"formatStatement\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l297\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:297\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"formatOneStatement\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l557\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:557\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"formatStatements\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l1298\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:1298\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"wikidata\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Cite\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l111\"\u003EModule:Cite:111\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"ValueFromItem\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Cite\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l200\"\u003EModule:Cite:200\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"GetItemValue\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Cite\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l324\"\u003EModule:Cite:324\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"gettitle\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Cite\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l483\"\u003EModule:Cite:483\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"getreftable\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Cite\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l645\"\u003EModule:Cite:645\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"citeitem2\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l590\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:590\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"formatReferences\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l426\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:426\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"formatOneStatement\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l557\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:557\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"formatStatements\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l1271\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:1271\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"chunk\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Emw.lua:527\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E[C]\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E[C]\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"getExpandedArgument\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Emw.lua:177\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Unsubst\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l26\"\u003EModule:Unsubst:26\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"chunk\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Emw.lua:527\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E[C]\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003C/ol\u003E" 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class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">اصلي لړليک</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">څنګپټې ته ورسئ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">پټول</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> گرځښت </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%DA%93%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%AE" title="آرنی مخ کتل [z]" accesskey="z"><span>لومړی مخ</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%BE%DB%90%DA%89%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%AF_%D9%BC%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%DB%90_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%87" title="د پروژې په اړه، تاسې څه شيان او چېرته کولای شی چې وې مومۍ"><span>جرګه</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%BE%DB%90%DA%89%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%87_%D9%BE%DB%90%DA%9A%DB%90" title="د اوسنيو پېښو اړونده د هغوی د شاليد مالومات موندل"><span>اوسنۍ پېښې</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87" title="په ويکي کې د وروستي بدلونو لړليک. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>وروستي بدلونونه</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%BC%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%8C_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%BC%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%AE" title="يو ناټاکلی مخ ښکاره کوي [x]" accesskey="x"><span>ناټاکلی مخ</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="د موندلو ځای"><span>لارښود</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%DA%93%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%AE" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="ويکيپېډيا" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ps.svg" style="width: 5.3125em; height: 2em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ps.svg" width="84" height="16" style="width: 5.25em; height: 1em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%D9%BE%D9%84%D9%BC%D9%86%D9%87" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="ويکيپېډيا پلټل [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>پلټنه</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="ويکيپېډيا پلټل" aria-label="ويکيپېډيا پلټل" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ويکيپېډيا پلټل [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="ځانگړی:پلټنه"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">پلټل</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="شخصي اوزار"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ښکارېدونکې بڼه"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ښکارېدونکې بڼه" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ښکارېدونکې بڼه</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ps.wikipedia.org&uselang=ps" class=""><span>مرسته وکړئ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%AC%D9%88%DA%93%D9%88%D9%84&returnto=%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3+%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="تاسې ته د يو گڼون د جوړولو او بيا غونډال کې ورننوتلو سپارښتنه کېږي؛ که څه هم چې دا يو اړين کار نه دی" class=""><span>گڼون جوړول</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%D9%86%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%84&returnto=%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3+%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="تاسې ته په غونډال کې د ننوتلو سپارښتنه کوو، که څه هم چې دا يو اړين کار نه دی. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>ننوتل</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="شخصي اوزار" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">شخصي اوزار</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ps.wikipedia.org&uselang=ps"><span>مرسته وکړئ</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%AC%D9%88%DA%93%D9%88%D9%84&returnto=%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3+%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="تاسې ته د يو گڼون د جوړولو او بيا غونډال کې ورننوتلو سپارښتنه کېږي؛ که څه هم چې دا يو اړين کار نه دی"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>گڼون جوړول</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%D9%86%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%84&returnto=%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3+%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="تاسې ته په غونډال کې د ننوتلو سپارښتنه کوو، که څه هم چې دا يو اړين کار نه دی. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ننوتل</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%9A%D9%88%D8%AF:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%DA%89%DB%90" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ونډې</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%90" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>خبرې اترې</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eتړل\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"anonnotice\" lang=\"ps\" dir=\"rtl\"\u003E\u003Ctable style=\"border: 1px solid #a40007; padding: 10px; width:100%; background-image: linear-gradient(#000000,#000000)\"\u003E\n\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\n\u003Ctd style=\"width:10%\"\u003E\u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca 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ده.\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\n\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\n\u003C/tr\u003E\n\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="مالومات" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">مالومات</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">څنګپټې ته ورسئ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">پټول</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">پیل</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-لومړی_ژوند_او_مسلک" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#لومړی_ژوند_او_مسلک"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۱</span> <span>لومړی ژوند او مسلک</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-لومړی_ژوند_او_مسلک-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-د_MNC_مشر" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#د_MNC_مشر"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۲</span> <span>د MNC مشر</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-د_MNC_مشر-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-سرچينې" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#سرچينې"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۳</span> <span>سرچينې</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-سرچينې-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="مالومات" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">پتریس لومومبا</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ليکنه په بله ژبه کي وګورئ. دا ليکنه په ۹۳ ژبو کې شتون لري." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-93" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">۹۳ ژبې</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – افریکانسي" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="افریکانسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="باتريس لومومبا – عربي" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="باتريس لومومبا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="عربي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="باتريس لومومبا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="باتريس لومومبا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – استورياني" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="استورياني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patris_Lumumba" title="Patris Lumumba – اذربایجاني" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Patris Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="اذربایجاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="پاتریک لومومبا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پاتریک لومومبا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – بالنی" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="بالنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Патрыс Лумумба – بېلاروسي" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Патрыс Лумумба" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="بېلاروسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Патрис Лумумба – بلغاري" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Патрис Лумумба" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="بلغاري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE" title="পাত্রিস লুমুম্বা – بنگالي" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পাত্রিস লুমুম্বা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="بنگالي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%95%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9F%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8D" title="ཕ་ཁྲི་རི་ཟེ་ལི་མིན་བ། – تبتي" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཕ་ཁྲི་རི་ཟེ་ལི་མིན་བ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="تبتي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – برېتون" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="برېتون" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – کټلاني" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="کټلاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="پاتریس لومومبا – منځنۍ کوردي" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پاتریس لومومبا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="منځنۍ کوردي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – چېکي" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="چېکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – ډنمارکي" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ډنمارکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – الماني" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="الماني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%82_%CE%9B%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B1" title="Πατρίς Λουμούμπα – یوناني" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πατρίς Λουμούμπα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="یوناني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – انګليسي" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="انګليسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – اسپرانتو" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="اسپرانتو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – هسپانوي" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="هسپانوي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – حبشي" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="حبشي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – باسکي" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="باسکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="پاتریس لومومبا – فارسي" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پاتریس لومومبا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="فارسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – فینلنډي" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="فینلنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – فرانسوي" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="فرانسوي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – ګلېشيايي" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ګلېشيايي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – هوسا" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="هوسا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A1_%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%94" title="פטריס לומומבה – عبراني" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פטריס לומומבה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="عبراني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE" title="पैट्रिस लुंबा – هندي" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पैट्रिस लुंबा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="هندي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – کروايشيايي" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="کروايشيايي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – هيټي کريول" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="هيټي کريول" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – هنګري" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="هنګري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%BD_%D4%BC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%A1" title="Պատրիս Լումումբա – آرمينيايي" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պատրիս Լումումբա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="آرمينيايي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – انډونېزي" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="انډونېزي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – اڊو" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="اڊو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – ايسلنډي" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ايسلنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – ایټالوي" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ایټالوي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%A0%E3%83%B3%E3%83%90" title="パトリス・ルムンバ – جاپاني" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パトリス・ルムンバ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="جاپاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – جاوايي" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="جاوايي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="პატრის ლუმუმბა – جورجيائي" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პატრის ლუმუმბა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="جورجيائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Патрис Лумумба – قازق" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Патрис Лумумба" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="قازق" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4_%EB%A3%A8%EB%AD%84%EB%B0%94" title="파트리스 루뭄바 – کوریایی" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="파트리스 루뭄바" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="کوریایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – کردي" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="کردي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Патрис Лумумба – کرغيزي" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Патрис Лумумба" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="کرغيزي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricius_Lumumba" title="Patricius Lumumba – لاتیني" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Patricius Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="لاتیني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – لوګزامبورګي" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="لوګزامبورګي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – لنګالا" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="لنګالا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patris_Lumumba" title="Patris Lumumba – ليتواني" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Patris Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ليتواني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriss_Lumumba" title="Patriss Lumumba – لېټواني" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Patriss Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="لېټواني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – ملغاسي" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="ملغاسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Патрис Лумумба – مقدوني" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Патрис Лумумба" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="مقدوني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC" title="പാട്രിസ് ലുമുംബ – مالايالم" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പാട്രിസ് ലുമുംബ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="مالايالم" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE" title="पॅट्रिस लुमुम्बा – مراټهي" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पॅट्रिस लुमुम्बा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="مراټهي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – ملایا" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="ملایا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="پاتریس لومومبا – مزاندراني" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="پاتریس لومومبا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="مزاندراني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – هالېنډي" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="هالېنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – ناروېئي (بوکمال)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ناروېئي (بوکمال)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%94%DF%8A%DF%AC%DF%95%DF%99%DF%8C%DF%9B_%DF%9F%DF%8E%DF%A1%DF%8E%DF%B2%DF%93%DF%8A%DF%AB" title="ߔߊ߬ߕߙߌߛ ߟߎߡߎ߲ߓߊ߫ – نکو" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߔߊ߬ߕߙߌߛ ߟߎߡߎ߲ߓߊ߫" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="نکو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nr mw-list-item"><a href="https://nr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – سويلي نديبيل" lang="nr" hreflang="nr" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="IsiNdebele seSewula" data-language-local-name="سويلي نديبيل" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiNdebele seSewula</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%82%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਪੈਤਰਿਸ ਲਮੂੰਬਾ – پنجابي" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੈਤਰਿਸ ਲਮੂੰਬਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="پنجابي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – پولنډي" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="پولنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="پطرس لوممبا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پطرس لوممبا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – پورتګالي" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="پورتګالي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – رومانیایی" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="رومانیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0,_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Лумумба, Патрис – روسي" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лумумба, Патрис" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="روسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – کینیارونډا" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="کینیارونډا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – سرب-کروشيايي" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="سرب-کروشيايي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – سلوواکي" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="سلوواکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – سلوواني" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="سلوواني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – سومالي" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="سومالي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Патрис Лумумба – سربيائي" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Патрис Лумумба" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="سربيائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – سواتی" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="سواتی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – سویډنی" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="سویډنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – سواهېلي" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="سواهېلي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE" title="பத்திரிசு லுமும்பா – تامل" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பத்திரிசு லுமும்பா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="تامل" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BE" title="ప్యాట్రిస్ లుముంబా – تېليګو" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ప్యాట్రిస్ లుముంబా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="تېليګو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA_%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2" title="ปาทริส ลูมูมบา – تايلېنډي" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปาทริส ลูมูมบา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="تايلېنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – ترکي" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ترکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Патрис Лумумба – تاتار" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Патрис Лумумба" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="تاتار" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Патріс Лумумба – اوکرايني" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Патріс Лумумба" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="اوکرايني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="پیٹرائیس لومومبا – اردو" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پیٹرائیس لومومبا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="اردو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – وېتنامي" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="وېتنامي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – والون" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="والون" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – وارۍ" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="وارۍ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8D%A2%E8%92%99%E5%B7%B4" title="帕特里斯·卢蒙巴 – وو چینایی" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="帕特里斯·卢蒙巴" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="وو چینایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="პატრის ლუმუმბა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პატრის ლუმუმბა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – یوروبا" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="یوروبا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8D%A2%E8%92%99%E5%B7%B4" title="帕特里斯·卢蒙巴 – چیني" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="帕特里斯·卢蒙巴" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="چیني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q161672#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="د ژبو خپلمنځي تړنې سمول" class="wbc-editpage">تړنې سمول</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="نوم-تشيالونه"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">پټول</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7"><span>لوستل</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7&action=edit" title="د دې مخ د سرچينې کوډ سمول [e]" accesskey="e"><span>سمول</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7&action=history"><span>پېښليک کتل</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:WhatLinksHere/%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="د ويکي د ټولو هغو مخونو لړليک چې همدې مخ سره تړنې لري [j]" accesskey="j"><span>د دې مخ تړنې</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:RecentChangesLinked/%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" rel="nofollow" title="له دې مخ سره د تړل شويو مخونو وروستي بدلونونه [k]" accesskey="k"><span>اړونده بدلونونه</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ps" title="دوتنې پورته کول [u]" accesskey="u"><span>انځور/رسنۍ پورته کول</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AB%DA%93%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87" title="د ټولو ځانگړو پاڼو لړليک [q]" accesskey="q"><span>ځانگړي مخونه</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7&oldid=337887" title="د دې مخ د همدې بڼې تلپاتې تړنه"><span>تلپاتې تړنه</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7&action=info" title="د دې مخ اړونده نور مالومات"><span>د مخ مالومات</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%A9&page=%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7&id=337887&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="دې مخ ته د اخځ مالومات"><span>د دې مخ اخځ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fps.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D9%25BE%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3_%25D9%2584%25D9%2588%25D9%2585%25D9%2588%25D9%2585%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7"><span>لنډ URL ترلاسه کړئ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fps.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D9%25BE%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3_%25D9%2584%25D9%2588%25D9%2585%25D9%2588%25D9%2585%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7"><span>د QR کوډ يې ډاونلوډ کړئ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/26px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #E1E1E1 dotted; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; text-align: left;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:right;"><a class="external text" href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7&action=edit&section=0"><span style="color:#555;">سمول</span></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%89%DB%8D:%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%82_%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5" title="کينډۍ لاسوند وګورئ"><img alt="کينډۍ لاسوند وګورئ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/24px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></td> </tr></tbody></table> <p><b>پتریس ایمري لومومبا</b> (زوکړه د ۱۹۲۵ کال د جولای ۲ – مړینه د ۱۹۶۱ کال د جنوري ۱۷) یو کانګویي سیاست پوه او د خپلواکۍ مشر و چې د ۱۹۶۰ کال له جون څخه تر سپټمبر پورې یې د کانګو دیموکراتیک جمهوریت (چې وروسته د کانګو جمهوریت شو) د لومړي وزیر په توګه دنده پر مخ یوړه. نوموړی چې د کانګو د ملي غورځنګ (MNC) غړی و، له ۱۹۵۸ کال څخه، د ۱۹۶۱ کال په جنوري کې تر وژنې پورې د MNC مشري کوله. نوموړی چې د ایډیالوژیکي پلوه یو افریقایي ملتپال او پان افریقا د خوځښت پلوی و، له بلجیمي مستعمېرې څخه یو خپلواک جمهوریت ته یې د کانګو په بدلون کې رغنده وڼده ولوبوله. <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>په ۱۹۶۰ کال کې د کانګو له خپلواکۍ لږ وروسته، په پوځ کې بغاوت پیل شو، چې د کانګو د ناورین پیل و. لومومبا له متحده ایالاتو او ملګرو ملتونو د مرستې غوښتنه وکړه ترڅو د بلجیم په ملاتړ د مویز تشومبي تر مشرۍ لاندې کتنګان بېلتون غوښتونکو وځپي. دواړو د لوېدیځو خاوو د شکونو له امله چې ګواکي لومومبا په مبهم ډول کمونیست پلوه لیدلوری لري انکار وکړ. دا شکونه هغه وخت ژور شول چې لومومبا د مرستې لپاره شوروي اتحاد ته مخ واړو، چې دې ته سي آی اې د "کلاسیک کمونیستي کنټرول" نوم ورکړ. دا کار له ولسمشر جوزف کاسا-وبو او لوی درستیز جوزف ډیسري موبوتو سره او همدارنګه د متحده ایالاتو او بلجیم سره چې په سړه جګړه کې یې د شوروي اتحاد مخالفت کاوه د اختلافاتو د زیاتېدو لامل شو. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurner200732_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurner200732-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>د موبوتو له پوځي کودتا وروسته، لومومبا هڅه وکړه چې ستنلیوېل ته وتښتي ترڅو د خپلو ملاتړو سره یوځای شي چې د کانګو د آزاد جمهوریت تر نوم لاندې یې د موبوتو ضد نوي سیال دولت رامنځ ته کړی و. لومومبا د موبوتو تر واک لاندې د دولتي چارواکو له لوري په لاره کې ونیول شو او زنداني شو. هغه د کاتانګان چارواکو ته وسپارل شو، او د کتانګان او بلجیم چارواکو او افسرانو په وړاندې اعدام شو. د نوموړی جسد په یو سطحي قبر کې وغورځول شو، خو وروسته وکیندل او ویجاړ شو. د نوموړی تر وژنې وروسته، په پراخه کچه د پان افریقایي غورځنګ لپاره د شهید په توګه انګېرل کېده. د کلونو په اوږدو کې، پوښتنو د لومومبا د مړینې په اړوند پېښو، په ځانګړې توګه، د بلجیم او متحده ایالاتو په ونډه رڼا واچوله. بلجیم په ۲۰۰۲ کال کې په رسمي توګه په وژنه کې د خپلې ونډې له امله بښنه وغوښته. <sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۵<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۶<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="لومړی_ژوند_او_مسلک"><span id=".D9.84.D9.88.D9.85.DA.93.DB.8C_.DA.98.D9.88.D9.86.D8.AF_.D8.A7.D9.88_.D9.85.D8.B3.D9.84.DA.A9"></span>لومړی ژوند او مسلک</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7&action=edit&section=1" title="د سمولو برخه: لومړی ژوند او مسلک"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>پاتریس لومومبا د ۱۹۲۵ کال د جولای په ۳ نېټه د بلجیمي کانګو د کاسای ولایت په کاتاکوکومبې سیمه کې د اونالوا په ښار کې د جولین واماتو لومینجا او د هغې د مېړه، فرانسوا تولینگا اوتیشیما په کورنۍ کې نړۍ ته سترګې پرانیستې. نوموړی د تېتېلا قومي ډلې غړی و او د الیاس اوکیت آسومبو په نوم زیږېدلی و. د هغه اصلي تخلص د "لعنت شوي کس وارث" معنی لري او له تېتېلا <i>okitá</i>/<i>okitɔ́</i>  کلمو څخه اخیستل شوی دې چې معنی یې (وارث یا ځایناستی) دی او اسومبو د (لعنت شوی یا جادو شوی کس ته ویل کېږي چې ژر به مړه شي). نوموړي دری وروڼه (چارلس لوکولونګا، ایمیل کلیما، او لویز اونیما پینی لومومبا) او یو ناسکه ورور (ژان تولینګا) درلودل. هغه چې په یوه کاتولیکه کورنۍ کې لوی شوی، د پروتستانت لومړني ښوونځي، د کاتولیک د تبلیغ په ښوونځي، او په پای کې د دولتي پوست دفتر په روزنیز ښوونځي کې زده کړې کړې وې، چې په کې نوموړي یوه کلنه په په غوره امتیاز پای ته ورسوه. هغه د ږغوال، ځیرک ځوان په توګه پېژندل کېده، چې هر کله یې د خپلو ملګرو په مخ کې د خپلو استادانو تېروتنې په ګوته کولې، زیاتره وختونه د دوی خپګان سبب کېده. دې سپین ویونکي طبعیت د هغه ژوند او مسلک تعریف کړي. لومومبا په تېتېلا، فرانسوي، لینګالا، سواهیلي او شلوبا ژبو خبرې کولې. <sup id="cite_ref-Kanyarwunga4_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kanyarwunga4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۷<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۸<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fabian_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fabian-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۹<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kanyarwunga_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kanyarwunga-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۰<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hagendorens_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hagendorens-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hagendorens2_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hagendorens2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>لومومبا د خپلو منظمو مطالعاتو تر څنګ د ژان ژاک روسو او والتیر د روښانتیا له نظریاتو سره مینه درلوده. هغه د مولییر او ویکتور هوګو مینه وال هم و. نوموړي شعرونه لیکل او د هغه زیاتره اثارو د امپریالیزم ضد محتوا درلوده. هغه په لیوپولډویل کې د ګرځنده بیر پلورونکي په توګه او د ستنلي ویل په پوستخانه کې یوولس کاله د پوست د کاتب په توګه کار وکړ. په ۱۹۵۱ کال کې یې له پاولین اوپنګو سره واده وکړ. د دوهمې نړیوالې جګړې څخه په وروسته دوره کې، په ټوله افریقا کې ځوانو مشرانو په پراخه کچه د ملي موخو او د استعماري قدرتونو څخه د خپلواکۍ لپاره کار کاوه. نوموړي په ۱۹۵۲ کال کې د فرانسوي ټولنپوه پییر کلیمینت لپاره  چې د ستنلیویل څېړنه یې ترسره کوله، د شخصي مرستیال په توګه وګمارل شو. په همدې کال کې هغه د des Anciens élèves des pères de Scheut (ADAPÉS)  د ټولنې د سټنلیویل څانګې همکار بنسټ اېښودونکی او ورپسې د هغې رئیس شو. دا د شیوټ ښوونځیو کې د پخوانیو زده کوونکو لپاره یوه ټولنه وه، سره له دې چې هغه په هېڅ یوه کې هم ګډون نه و کړی. په ۱۹۵۵ کال کې، لومومبا د ستنلیویل د سرکلز سیمه ایز مشر شو او د بلجیم لیبرال ګوند سره یوځای شو. هغه د ګوند لیکنې ایډیټ او توزیع کولې. په ۱۹۵۶ کال کې په بلجیم کې له څېړنیزې دوره وروسته، نوموړی د پوستې د دفتر څخه د ۲۵۰۰ ډالرو د اختلاس په تور ونیول شو. هغه یو کال وروسته په ۱۲ میاشتو بند او جریمه محکوم شو.  <sup id="cite_ref-rus_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rus-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-britannica_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۵<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETödt2021204_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETödt2021204-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۶<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETödt2021209_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETödt2021209-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۷<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="د_MNC_مشر"><span id=".D8.AF_MNC_.D9.85.D8.B4.D8.B1"></span>د MNC مشر</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7&action=edit&section=2" title="د سمولو برخه: د MNC مشر"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>لومومبا له خوشې کېدو وروسته، د ۱۹۵۸ کال د اکتوبر په ۵ نېټه د کانګو ملي غورځنګ (MNC) ګوند په بنسټ کې ونډه درلوده او په چټکۍ سره د دې سازمان مشر شو. د نورو کانګویي ګوندونو پر خلاف چې د ودې په حال کې وو، MNC په کوم ځانګړي توکمیز بنسټ ولاړ نه و. دې یو داسې لیدلوري ته وده ورکړه چې په کې خپلواکۍ، په تدریجي توګه د حکومت افریقایي کول، د دولت په مشرۍ اقتصادي پراختیا، او په بهرنیو چارو کې بې طرفۍ ګډون درلود. لومومبا د خپلې شخصي جاذبې، غوره وینا او ایډیالوژیکي تخصص پر مټ په لویه کچه مشهور لاریوان درلودل. په پایله کې، نوموړي د خپلو هم عصرانو په پرتله، چې د بلجیم په اړیکو پورې تړلي وو، زیاته سیاسي خپلواکي درلوده. لومومبا د هغو استازو له ډلې و چې د ۱۹۵۸ کال په ډسمبر کې یې د ګانا په اکرا کې د ټولو افریقایي وګړو په کنفرانس کې د MNC استازیتوب وکړ. په دې نړیوال کنفرانس کې چې د ګانا د ولسمشر کوام نیکروما په کوربه توب ترسره شو، لومومبا خپل پان افریقایی عقیده نوره هم پیاوړې کړه. نیکروما په خپله د لومومبا د ځیرکتیا او وړتیا څخه اغېزمن شو. لومومبا د ۱۹۵۹ کال د اکتوبر په وروستیو کې د MNC د مشر په توګه، په ستنلیویل کې د استعمار ضد پاڅون د هڅولو په تور ونیول شو. ۳۰ تنه ووژل شول. نوموړی په شپږو میاشتو بند محکوم شو. د محاکمې د پیل نېټه د ۱۹۶۰ کال د جنوري په ۱۸ د په بروکسل کې د کانګو د ګردي میز کنفرانس لومړۍ ورځ وه، چې موخه یې د کانګو د راتلونکي لپاره پلان جوړول وو. MNC د لومومبا د بند تر څنګ، په کانګو کې د دسمبر په سیمه ییزو ټاکنو کې غوڅ اکثریت ترلاسه کړ. د لومومبا د محاکمې په اړه د استازو د سخت فشار په پایله کې، هغه خوشې شو او د بروکسل په کنفرانس کې د ګډون اجازه ورکړل شوه. <sup id="cite_ref-gibbs79_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gibbs79-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۸<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rus2_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rus2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۹<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gibbs80_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gibbs80-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۰<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGerardKuklick201558_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGerardKuklick201558-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="سرچينې"><span id=".D8.B3.D8.B1.DA.86.D9.8A.D9.86.DB.90"></span>سرچينې</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7&action=edit&section=3" title="د سمولو برخه: سرچينې"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-274565d7568c32a4ecb6b04d940e94ee9bcb90b8-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-274565d7568c32a4ecb6b04d940e94ee9bcb90b8_1-0">۱٫۰</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-274565d7568c32a4ecb6b04d940e94ee9bcb90b8_1-1">۱٫۱</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">پیوستون : 118575295  — د نشر نېټه: ۲۶ اپرېل ۲۰۱۴ — منښتلیک: Creative Commons CC0 License </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/lumumba">"Lumumba"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collins_English_Dictionary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Collins English Dictionary (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Collins English Dictionary</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETurner200732-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurner200732_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTurner2007">Turner 2007</a>، م. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r262776">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/story/how-did-patrice-lumumba-die">"How did Patrice Lumumba die?"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+did+Patrice+Lumumba+die%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fstory%2Fhow-did-patrice-lumumba-die&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3+%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%89%DB%8D:Cite_web" class="mw-redirect" title="کينډۍ:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: ساتل CS1: url-status (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%DB%90%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%87:%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%84_CS1:_url-status&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="وېشنيزه:ساتل CS1: url-status (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFPerry2022" class="citation news cs1">Perry, Imani (27 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230410033243/https://newsletters.theatlantic.com/unsettled-territory/62b5e2e3ebf53e0022cb6944/congo-patrice-lumumba-assassination-tooth/">"A Grisly Souvenir of Global Oppression"</a>. <i>The Atlantic</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newsletters.theatlantic.com/unsettled-territory/62b5e2e3ebf53e0022cb6944/congo-patrice-lumumba-assassination-tooth">the original</a> on 10 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=A+Grisly+Souvenir+of+Global+Oppression&rft.date=2022-06-27&rft.aulast=Perry&rft.aufirst=Imani&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewsletters.theatlantic.com%2Funsettled-territory%2F62b5e2e3ebf53e0022cb6944%2Fcongo-patrice-lumumba-assassination-tooth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3+%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFBoffey2019" class="citation news cs1">Boffey, Daniel (22 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/22/statue-missing-hand-colonial-belgium-leopold-congo">"Reappearance of statue's missing hand reignites colonial row"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Reappearance+of+statue%27s+missing+hand+reignites+colonial+row&rft.date=2019-02-22&rft.aulast=Boffey&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2019%2Ffeb%2F22%2Fstatue-missing-hand-colonial-belgium-leopold-congo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3+%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kanyarwunga4-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Kanyarwunga4_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFKanyarwunga2006" class="citation book cs1">Kanyarwunga, Jean I N (2006). <i>République démocratique du Congo : Les générations condamnées : Déliquescence d'une société précapitaliste</i>. Paris: Publibook. p. 76. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%86%DA%93%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="د کتاب نړيوال ستندرد شمېره (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%B3%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%86%DB%90/9782748333435" class="new" title="ځانگړی:کتاب سرچينې/9782748333435 (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)"><bdi>9782748333435</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=R%C3%A9publique+d%C3%A9mocratique+du+Congo+%3A+Les+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rations+condamn%C3%A9es+%3A+D%C3%A9liquescence+d%27une+soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+pr%C3%A9capitaliste&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=76&rft.pub=Publibook&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9782748333435&rft.aulast=Kanyarwunga&rft.aufirst=Jean+I+N&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3+%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFZeilig2015" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zeilig, Leo (15 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lVcrDwAAQBAJ&q=patrice+lumumba+birth&pg=PT23"><i>Lumumba: Africa's Lost Leader</i></a> (په انګليسي). Haus Publishing. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%86%DA%93%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="د کتاب نړيوال ستندرد شمېره (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%B3%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%86%DB%90/9781908323958" class="new" title="ځانگړی:کتاب سرچينې/9781908323958 (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)"><bdi>9781908323958</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lumumba%3A+Africa%27s+Lost+Leader&rft.pub=Haus+Publishing&rft.date=2015-03-15&rft.isbn=9781908323958&rft.aulast=Zeilig&rft.aufirst=Leo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlVcrDwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dpatrice%2Blumumba%2Bbirth%26pg%3DPT23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3+%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fabian-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Fabian_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFFabian1996" class="citation book cs1">Fabian, Johannes (1996). <i>Remembering the Present: Painting and Popular History in Zaire</i>. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 73. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%86%DA%93%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="د کتاب نړيوال ستندرد شمېره (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%B3%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%86%DB%90/978-0520203761" class="new" title="ځانگړی:کتاب سرچينې/978-0520203761 (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)"><bdi>978-0520203761</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Remembering+the+Present%3A+Painting+and+Popular+History+in+Zaire&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0520203761&rft.aulast=Fabian&rft.aufirst=Johannes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3+%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kanyarwunga-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Kanyarwunga_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFKanyarwunga2006" class="citation book cs1">Kanyarwunga, Jean I N (2006). <i>République démocratique du Congo : Les générations condamnées : Déliquescence d'une société précapitaliste</i>. Paris: Publibook. pp. 76, 502. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%86%DA%93%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="د کتاب نړيوال ستندرد شمېره (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%B3%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%86%DB%90/9782748333435" class="new" title="ځانگړی:کتاب سرچينې/9782748333435 (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)"><bdi>9782748333435</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=R%C3%A9publique+d%C3%A9mocratique+du+Congo+%3A+Les+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rations+condamn%C3%A9es+%3A+D%C3%A9liquescence+d%27une+soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+pr%C3%A9capitaliste&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=76%2C+502&rft.pub=Publibook&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9782748333435&rft.aulast=Kanyarwunga&rft.aufirst=Jean+I+N&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3+%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hagendorens-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Hagendorens_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFHagendorens1975" class="citation book cs1">Hagendorens, MGR J (1975). <i>Dictionnaire ɔtɛtɛla-français</i>. Bandundu: Ceeba Publications. pp. 275–76.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+%C9%94t%C9%9Bt%C9%9Bla-fran%C3%A7ais&rft.place=Bandundu&rft.pages=275-76&rft.pub=Ceeba+Publications&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Hagendorens&rft.aufirst=MGR+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3+%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hagendorens2-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Hagendorens2_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFHagendorens1975" class="citation book cs1">Hagendorens, MGR J (1975). <i>Dictionnaire ɔtɛtɛla-français</i>. Bandundu: Ceeba Publications. pp. 309, 371.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+%C9%94t%C9%9Bt%C9%9Bla-fran%C3%A7ais&rft.place=Bandundu&rft.pages=309%2C+371&rft.pub=Ceeba+Publications&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Hagendorens&rft.aufirst=MGR+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3+%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rus-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-rus_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160923035320/http://people.sci.pfu.edu.ru/asemenov/LUMUMBA/Lumumba.htm">"Patrice Lumumba"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peoples%27_Friendship_University_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://people.sci.pfu.edu.ru/asemenov/LUMUMBA/Lumumba.htm">the original</a> on 23 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Patrice+Lumumba&rft.pub=Peoples%27+Friendship+University+of+Russia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpeople.sci.pfu.edu.ru%2Fasemenov%2FLUMUMBA%2FLumumba.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3+%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%89%DB%8D:Cite_web" class="mw-redirect" title="کينډۍ:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">External link in <code class="cs1-code"><code class="cs1-code">|خونديځ تړی=</code></code> (<a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%9A%D9%88%D8%AF:CS1_errors#param_has_ext_link" title="لارښود:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|تاريخ الأرشيف=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%9A%D9%88%D8%AF:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="لارښود:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|خونديځ-تړی=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%9A%D9%88%D8%AF:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="لارښود:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|مسار الأرشيف=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%9A%D9%88%D8%AF:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="لارښود:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Struggle Filled Lumumba's Life, From Tribal Days to Prominence". <i>The New York Times</i>. 14 February 1961.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Struggle+Filled+Lumumba%27s+Life%2C+From+Tribal+Days+to+Prominence&rft.date=1961-02-14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3+%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-britannica_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%89%DB%8D:Britannica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="کينډۍ:Britannica (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">کينډۍ:Britannica</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETödt2021204-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETödt2021204_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTödt2021">Tödt 2021</a>، م. 204.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETödt2021209-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETödt2021209_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTödt2021">Tödt 2021</a>، م. 209.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gibbs79-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-gibbs79_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGibbs1991">Gibbs 1991</a>, p. 79</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rus2-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-rus2_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160923035320/http://people.sci.pfu.edu.ru/asemenov/LUMUMBA/Lumumba.htm">"Patrice Lumumba"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peoples%27_Friendship_University_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://people.sci.pfu.edu.ru/asemenov/LUMUMBA/Lumumba.htm">the original</a> on 23 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Patrice+Lumumba&rft.pub=Peoples%27+Friendship+University+of+Russia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpeople.sci.pfu.edu.ru%2Fasemenov%2FLUMUMBA%2FLumumba.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3+%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%89%DB%8D:Cite_web" class="mw-redirect" title="کينډۍ:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">External link in <code class="cs1-code"><code class="cs1-code">|خونديځ تړی=</code></code> (<a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%9A%D9%88%D8%AF:CS1_errors#param_has_ext_link" title="لارښود:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|تاريخ الأرشيف=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%9A%D9%88%D8%AF:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="لارښود:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|خونديځ-تړی=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%9A%D9%88%D8%AF:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="لارښود:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|مسار الأرشيف=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%9A%D9%88%D8%AF:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="لارښود:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gibbs80-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-gibbs80_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGibbs1991">Gibbs 1991</a>, p. 80</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGerardKuklick201558-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGerardKuklick201558_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGerardKuklick2015">Gerard او Kuklick 2015</a>، م. 58.</span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=پتریس_لومومبا&oldid=337887">https://ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=پتریس_لومومبا&oldid=337887</a>" نه اخيستل شوی</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%D9%88%DB%90%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2%DB%90" 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