CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=7YQSqjSh" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Grace's_Guide","20160304080021","https://web.archive.org/","web","https://web-static.archive.org/_static/", "1457078421"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=p7PEIJWi" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.25.1"/> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/web/20160304080021im_/http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/favicon.ico"/> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/web/20160304080021/http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/opensearch_desc.php" title="GracesGuide (en)"/> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/api.php?action=rsd"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="/web/20160304080021/http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Grace%27s_Guide"/> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="GracesGuide Atom feed" href="/web/20160304080021/http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"/><title>Grace's Guide</title> <meta name="description" content="Grace's Guide to British Industrial History Grace鈥檚 Guide is a free-content not-for-profit project dedicated to publishing the history of industry i..."/> <style type="text/css" media="screen,projection">/*<![CDATA[*/ @import "/web/20160304080021cs_/http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/skins/GracesGuide/main.css?p304"; /*]]>*/</style> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="print" href="/web/20160304080021cs_/http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/skins/common/commonPrint.css?304"/> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="handheld" href="/web/20160304080021cs_/http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/skins/GracesGuide/handheld.css?304"/>      <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20160304080021js_/http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/skins/common/wikibits.js?304"></script>  <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304080021js_/http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/load.php?debug=false&lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&skin=gracesguide&*"></script> <script>if(window.mw){ mw.config.set({"wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Grace's_Guide","wgTitle":"Grace's Guide","wgCurRevisionId":686264,"wgRevisionId":686264,"wgArticleId":243712,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":[],"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgMonthNamesShort":["","Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"],"wgRelevantPageName":"Grace's_Guide","wgRelevantArticleId":243712,"wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[]}); }</script><script>if(window.mw){ mw.loader.implement("user.options",function($,jQuery){mw.user.options.set({"variant":"en"});});mw.loader.implement("user.tokens",function($,jQuery){mw.user.tokens.set({"editToken":"+\\","patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\"});}); /* cache key: aitwiki:resourceloader:filter:minify-js:7:a5c52c063dc436c1ca7c9f456936a5e9 */ }</script> <script>if(window.mw){ mw.loader.load(["mediawiki.page.startup","mediawiki.legacy.wikibits","mediawiki.legacy.ajax"]); }</script> <style type="text/css">  </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20160304080021js_/http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/js/ddajax.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20160304080021js_/http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/js/ddcarousel.js"></script> </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-Grace_s_Guide"> <div id="w"> <div id="h"> <div id="dummyt"></div> <form action="/web/20160304080021/http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Special:Search" id="searchform"> <input id="searchInput" name="search" type="text" placeholder="Search" accesskey="f" value=""/> <input type="submit" name="fulltext" class="search" id="mw-searchButton" value=""/> </form> <h1 title="Grace's Guide"><a href="/web/20160304080021/http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Main_Page" title="Main Page"><span>Grace's Guide</span></a></h1> <h2 title="British Industrial History"><span>British Industrial History</span></h2> <p id="headerText"><strong>Grace's Guide</strong> is the leading source of historical information on industry and manufacturing in Britain. This web publication contains <strong>115,229 pages</strong> of information and <strong>163,501 images</strong> on early companies, their products and the people who designed and built them.</p> </div> <div style="padding:5px"></div> <div id="contentWrapper"> <div class="content"> <img class="borderTL" src="/web/20160304080021im_/http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/skins/GracesGuide/images/corner-tl.gif" alt=""/> <img class="borderTR" src="/web/20160304080021im_/http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/skins/GracesGuide/images/corner-tr.gif" alt=""/> <div id="innerSpacer"> <a name="top" id="top"></a> <h2>Grace's Guide</h2> <h3 id="siteSub">From GracesGuide</h3> <div id="contentSub"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav">Jump to: <a href="#column-one">navigation</a>, <a href="#searchInput">search</a></div>  <div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><p><b>Grace's Guide to British Industrial History</b> </p><p>Grace鈥檚 Guide is a free-content not-for-profit project dedicated to publishing the history of industry in the UK and elsewhere. Its aim is to provide a brief history of the companies, products and people who were instrumental in industry, commencing with the birth of the Industrial Revolution and continuing up to recent times. It provides an overview of topics and points other researchers to the source materials so they can find further information. </p><p>The project is written collaboratively by a number of volunteers with specialised skills and knowledge, assisted by a small number of employed staff who undertake the copying and publishing of the larger volumes of material. Anyone can volunteer to contribute information to the project and all such contributions are overseen by the editor-in-chief to ensure the content is as accurate as possible and properly attributed to the original sources. </p><p>Grace鈥檚 Guide is a live collaboration and differs from paper-based reference sources in important ways as it is continually created and updated. Anyone who considers that there is incorrect information in Grace鈥檚 Guide can contact us with what they believe to be the correct facts and we will make the changes after checking and verifying that the revisions are accurate. It is an important principle of the project that the sources of all written information should be provided so that other researchers can make their own judgment as to the authenticity of the data. </p><p>The web site is based on the freely available Wiki software with some modifications and additions by the staff of Grace鈥檚 Guide. </p><p>The project commenced in 2007 when <a href="/web/20160304080021/http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Andrew_Ian_Tweedie" title="Andrew Ian Tweedie">Andrew Tweedie</a>, the founder, retired from an executive role in the commercial business he had founded and had the time to concentrate on the subject of industrial history in which he had been interested for many years. One of his chief motivators was to ensure that sources of information relating to the industrial heritage of England were preserved for future generations. At a later stage, he was joined by others who share the same passion. There are also occasional contributions from readers who can add to the information that is published, either from personal experience or from sources in their possession. </p><p>The birth of a granddaughter named Grace just at the point where the venture was launched was providential in selecting a name for the project and seemed a suitable celebration of such an important event. </p><p>To ensure the work receives the widest usage, all material is published freely and without any claim to copyright by Grace鈥檚 Guide. Wherever possible, we try to ensure that everything on the site is free from any copyright claim, but with the complexities of the law on the subject and the intricacies of the legal profession we are unable to give guarantees on this point and users must satisfy themselves on this issue if they are re-publishing material. The content of Grace鈥檚 Guide is for educational and reference purposes. </p><p>If we have inadvertently breached anyone鈥檚 copyright, then please let us know and we will undertake to rectify that point. And if you do use this material in your own work, a reference back to Grace鈥檚 Guide would be appreciated as it would help others use this resource. </p><p>The Grace鈥檚 Guide project is a charity (no. 1154342) and a company limited by guarantee. </p><p><b>Mission Statement</b> </p><p>To be the premier on-line library of information regarding the Companies, People, Places and Products of the <b>Industrial History of the UK</b> and to preserve that information by making it <b>freely available</b> for all to use <b>without restriction</b> </p><p><b>Blog</b> </p><p>For news of things happening at Grace's Guide see our <b><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304080021/http://blog.gracesguide.co.uk/">Blog</a></b> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_Also">See Also</span></h2> <div id="whatlinksherelist">Loading...</div><script type="text/javascript">ajaxpage('/extensions/dynamic-what-links-here/show-list.php?title=Grace\'s_Guide','whatlinksherelist')</script> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Sources_of_Information">Sources of Information</span></h2> <p><br/> </p>    </div><div class="printfooter"> Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304080021/http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/index.php?title=Grace%27s_Guide&oldid=686264">http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/index.php?title=Grace%27s_Guide&oldid=686264</a>"</div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden"></div>  </div> <div id="spacer"></div> <div class="roundedCornerSpacer"> </div> </div> <div class="bottomCorners"> <img class="borderBL" src="/web/20160304080021im_/http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/skins/GracesGuide/images/corner-bl.gif" alt=""/> <img class="borderBR" src="/web/20160304080021im_/http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/skins/GracesGuide/images/corner-br.gif" alt=""/> </div> </div> <div id="left"> <div class="box" id="p-navigation"> <h2>Navigation</h2> <hr class="underline"/> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20160304080021/http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Main_Page">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160304080021/http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Grace%27s_Guide">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304080021/http://blog.gracesguide.co.uk/">Latest News</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160304080021/http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Things_to_See_and_Do">Things to See</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160304080021/http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Wanted">Wanted</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160304080021/http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/What%27s_On">What's On</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160304080021/http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Contact_Us">Contact us</a></li> </ul> <h2>View By</h2> <hr class="underline"/> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20160304080021/http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/View_by_Archives">Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160304080021/http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/View_by_Biographies">Biographies</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160304080021/http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/View_by_Industry">Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160304080021/http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/View_by_Towns">Locations</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160304080021/http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/View_by_Timelines">Timelines</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="footer"> <ul id="f-list"> <li id="lastmod"> This page was last modified on 23 November 2014, at 08:28.</li> <li id="privacy"><a href="/web/20160304080021/http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/GracesGuide:Privacy_policy" title="GracesGuide:Privacy policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="disclaimer"><a href="/web/20160304080021/http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/GracesGuide:General_disclaimer" title="GracesGuide:General disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="about"><a href="/web/20160304080021/http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/wiki/About_Grace's_Guide" title="GracesGuide:About">About Grace’s Guide</a></li> <li id="contactus"><a href="/web/20160304080021/http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Contact_Us" title="GracesGuide:Contact us">Contact Grace’s Guide</a></li> </ul> <p> Grace's Guide web site design is Copyright © 2016 by Grace's Guide Ltd. The text of this web site is available under the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304080021/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="/web/20160304080021/http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/GracesGuide:General_disclaimer">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="/web/20160304080021/http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/GracesGuide:Privacy_policy">Privacy Policy</a>. </p> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> if (window.isMSIE55) fixalpha(); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-3627401-2']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://' : 'http://') + 'stats.g.doubleclick.net/dc.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); </script> <script>if(window.jQuery)jQuery.ready();</script><script>if(window.mw){ mw.loader.state({"site":"ready","user":"ready","user.groups":"ready"}); }</script> <script>if(window.mw){ mw.loader.load(["mediawiki.action.view.postEdit","mediawiki.user","mediawiki.hidpi","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.searchSuggest"],null,true); }</script> </div> <script>if(window.mw){ mw.config.set({"wgBackendResponseTime":158}); }</script></body></html>