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television</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: television"> <meta name="keywords" content="television"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="television"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 226</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: television</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">76</span> Dynamics of Parent to Adolescent Communication on Sexual and Reproductive Health in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Focus on Barriers and Policy Implications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Douglas%20Nyathi">Douglas Nyathi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mxolisi%20Sibanda"> Mxolisi Sibanda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joram%20Ndlovuu"> Joram Ndlovuu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thulani%20Dube"> Thulani Dube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Innocent%20T.%20Mahiya"> Innocent T. Mahiya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Communication of sexual matters between the parents and adolescents has been seen as one of the strategies that could play a cardinal role in encouraging adolescents to be responsible and delay sexual debut or avoid unprotected sexual intercourse. The increasing rate of teenage pregnancies and new HIV/AIDS infections among adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa makes the phenomenon worth analysis. The purpose of this paper is to interrogate the dynamics of parent-adolescent communication on sexual and reproductive health in Sub-Sahara. Specifically the paper focuses on barriers to communication between parents and adolescents on sexual and reproductive health and its policy implications. It emanates from the paper that communication on sexual and reproductive health at household level is triggered by death of a relative from a sexual related illness, suspicion on sexual activity, radio programmes and in some instances fliers. Literature engagement reveals that communication between parents and adolescents on sexual and reproductive health is made difficult by economic factors (poverty, lack of privacy and low self-esteem), household demographics (age, sex, class, death), socio-cultural factors (beliefs and religious values) as well as social media. We argue that there is need to use broadcast mediato come up with radio and television programmes that create family environments in which sexual and reproductive health issues are discussed. We also recommend that government departments and Non-Governmental Organisations concerned with sexuality issues need to undertake studies that can help dismantle taboos, prejudices and stereotypes that impede sexual and reproductive health communication between parents and adolescents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parent" title="parent">parent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adolecsent" title=" adolecsent"> adolecsent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication" title=" communication"> communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexual%20and%20reproductive%20health" title=" sexual and reproductive health"> sexual and reproductive health</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37865/dynamics-of-parent-to-adolescent-communication-on-sexual-and-reproductive-health-in-sub-saharan-africa-a-focus-on-barriers-and-policy-implications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37865.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">458</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">75</span> African Women in Power: An Analysis of the Representation of Nigerian Business Women in Television</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ifeanyichukwu%20Valerie%20Oguafor">Ifeanyichukwu Valerie Oguafor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Women generally have been categorized and placed under the chain of business industry, sometimes highly regarded and other times merely. The social construction of womanhood does not in all sense support a woman going into business, let alone succeed in it because it is believed that it a man’s world. In a typical patriarchal setting, a woman is expected to know nothing more domestic roles. For some women, this is not the case as they have been able to break these barriers to excel in business amidst these social setting and stereotypes. This study examines media representation of Nigerians business women, using content analysis of TV interviews as media text, framing analysis as an approach in qualitative methodology, The study further aims to analyse media frames of two Nigerian business women: FolorunshoAlakija, a business woman in the petroleum industry with current net worth 1.1 billion U.S dollars, emerging as the richest black women in the world 2014. MosunmolaAbudu, a media magnate in Nigeria who launched the first Africa’s global black entertainment and lifestyle network in 2013. This study used six predefined frames: the business woman, the myth of business women, the non-traditional woman, women in leading roles, the family woman, the religious woman, and the philanthropist woman to analyse the representation of Nigerian business women in the media. The analysis of the aforementioned frames on TV interviews with these women reveals that the media perpetually reproduces existing gender stereotype and do not challenge patriarchy. Women face challenges in trying to succeed in business while trying to keep their homes stable. This study concludes that the media represent and reproduce gender stereotypes in spite of the expectation of empowering women. The media reduces these women’s success insignificant rather than a role model for women in society. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=representation%20of%20business%20women%20in%20the%20media" title="representation of business women in the media">representation of business women in the media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business%20women%20in%20Nigeria" title=" business women in Nigeria"> business women in Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=framing%20in%20the%20media" title=" framing in the media"> framing in the media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patriarchy" title=" patriarchy"> patriarchy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women%27s%20subordination" title=" women's subordination"> women's subordination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145018/african-women-in-power-an-analysis-of-the-representation-of-nigerian-business-women-in-television" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145018.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">74</span> The Copyright Eligibility of Sports Events and Performances</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emre%20Bayaml%C4%B1o%C4%9Flu">Emre Bayamlıoğlu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Apart from being the subject of neighboring rights when broadcasted on TV or of cinematographic work when fixed to a tangible medium including a hard drive, the copyright eligibility of a sports performance, and eventually the sporting event has once again given rise to controversy following the CJEU judgment in the Murphy case. Most of the arguments which deny copyright protection for sports performances focus on the fact that unlike movies, plays, television programs, or operas, athletic events are competitive and have no underlying script. The first part of the paper aims to explain that such rhetoric is rather weak simply for the fact that, several types of performances such as improvised musical or dramatic shows are still protected by copyright despite the fact that they are not based on a script. The second part argues that the core reason for the denial copyright protection was the functionality aiming certain practical results such as winning the game, scoring, eliminating an opponent, obstructing a shot and etc., but no scientific or artistic expression in whatsoever form. The paper further argues that expanding copyright protection to functional performances would give rise to unintended copyright claims by the athletes on tackles, shoots, passes, crosses etc. resulting with further restrictions on reporting and photographing of sporting events. The final part provides a policy analysis of the trend to broaden the scope of copyright to cover sports performances. It is argued that such expansion will clearly undermine the ratio legis of copyright laws since it will give rise to excessive commodification of information beyond the needs of a viable market economy. Therefore, remedies other than copyright protection such as unfair competition and unjust enrichment provides sufficient redress for the damages to be sustained by the investors of sporting events. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copyright%20eligibility" title="copyright eligibility">copyright eligibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=idea-expression%20dichotomy" title=" idea-expression dichotomy"> idea-expression dichotomy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sports%20performance" title=" sports performance "> sports performance </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20944/the-copyright-eligibility-of-sports-events-and-performances" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20944.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">473</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">73</span> The Role of Creative Entrepreneurship in the Development of Croatian Economy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marko%20Kolakovic">Marko Kolakovic</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Creative industries are an important sector of growth and development of knowledge economies. They have a positive impact on employment, economic growth, export and the quality of life in the areas where they are developed. Creative sectors include architecture, design, advertising, publishing, music, film, television and radio, video games, visual and performing arts and heritage. Following the positive trends of development of creative industries on the global and European level, this paper analyzes creative industries in general and specific characteristics of creative entrepreneurship. Special focus in this paper is put on the influence of the information communication technology on the development of new creative business models and protection of the intellectual property rights. One part of the paper is oriented on the analysis of the status of creative industries and creative entrepreneurship in Croatia. The main objective of the paper is by using the statistical analysis of creative industries in Croatia and information gained during the interviews with entrepreneurs, to make conclusions about potentials and development of creative industries in Croatia. Creative industries in Croatia are at the beginning of their development and growth strategy still does not exist at the national level. Statistical analysis pointed out that in 2015 creative enterprises made 9% of all enterprises in Croatia, employed 5,5% of employed people and their share in GDP was 4,01%. Croatian creative entrepreneurs are building competitive advantage using their creative resources and creating specific business models. The main obstacles they meet are lack of business experience and impossibility of focusing on the creative activities only. In their business, they use digital technologies and are focused on export. The conclusion is that creative industries in Croatia have development potential, but it is necessary to take adequate measures to use this potential in a right way. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creative%20entrepreneurship" title="creative entrepreneurship">creative entrepreneurship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge%20economy" title=" knowledge economy"> knowledge economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business%20models" title=" business models"> business models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intellectual%20property" title=" intellectual property"> intellectual property</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79814/the-role-of-creative-entrepreneurship-in-the-development-of-croatian-economy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79814.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">208</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">72</span> On the Factors Affecting Computing Students’ Awareness of the Latest ICTs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20D.%20Adegbehingbe">O. D. Adegbehingbe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20D.%20Eyono%20Obono"> S. D. Eyono Obono</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The education sector is constantly faced with rapid changes in technologies in terms of ensuring that the curriculum is up to date and in terms of making sure that students are aware of these technological changes. This challenge can be seen as the motivation for this study, which is to examine the factors affecting computing students’ awareness of the latest Information Technologies (ICTs). The aim of this study is divided into two sub-objectives which are: the selection of relevant theories and the design of a conceptual model to support it as well as the empirical testing of the designed model. The first objective is achieved by a review of existing literature on technology adoption theories and models. The second objective is achieved using a survey of computing students in the four universities of the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. Data collected from this survey is analyzed using Statistical package for the Social Science (SPSS) using descriptive statistics, ANOVA and Pearson correlations. The main hypothesis of this study is that there is a relationship between the demographics and the prior conditions of the computing students and their awareness of general ICT trends and of Digital Switch Over (DSO) a new technology which involves the change from analog to digital television broadcasting in order to achieve improved spectrum efficiency. The prior conditions of the computing students that were considered in this study are students’ perceived exposure to career guidance and students’ perceived curriculum currency. The results of this study confirm that gender, ethnicity, and high school computing course affect students’ perceived curriculum currency while high school location affects students’ awareness of DSO. The results of this study also confirm that there is a relationship between students prior conditions and their awareness of general ICT trends and DSO in particular. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title="education">education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20technologies" title=" information technologies"> information technologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IDT" title=" IDT"> IDT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=awareness" title=" awareness"> awareness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35190/on-the-factors-affecting-computing-students-awareness-of-the-latest-icts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35190.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">357</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">71</span> Consumer Behavior in Buying Organic Product: A Case Study of Consumer in the Bangkok Metropolits and Vicinity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Piluntana%20Panpluem">Piluntana Panpluem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monticha%20Putsakum"> Monticha Putsakum</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objectives of this study were to investigate 1) consumers’ behaviors in buying organic products; and 2) the relationships between personal factors, cultural factors, social factors, psychological factors and marketing mix factors, and the behavior in buying organic products of consumers in the greater Bangkok metropolitan area. The sample group was 400 consumers at the age of 15 and older, who bought organic agricultural products from green markets and green shops in Bangkok, including its suburbs. The data were collected by using a questionnaire, which were analyzed by descriptive statistics and chi-square test. The results showed that the consumers bought 3 – 4 types of fresh vegetables with a total expenditure of less than 499 Baht each time. They purchased organic products mainly at a supermarket, 2 – 4 times per month, most frequently on Sundays, which took less than 30 minutes of shopping each time. The purpose of the purchase was for self-consuming. Gaining or retaining good health was the reason for the consumption of the products. Additionally, the first considered factor in the organic product selection was the quality. The decisions in purchasing the products were made directly by consumers, who were influenced mainly by advertising media on television. For the relationships among personal, cultural, social, psychological and marketing mix factors, and consumers’ behavior in buying organic products, the results showed the following: 1) personal factors, which were gender, age and educational level, were related to the behavior in terms of “What”, “Why”, and “Where” the consumers bought organic products (p<0.05); 2) cultural factors were related to “Why” the consumers bought organic products (p<0.05); 3) social factors were related to “Where” and “How” the consumers bought organic products (p<0.05); 4) psychological factors were related to “When” the consumers bought organic products (p<0.05). 5) For the marketing mix factors, “Product” was related to “Who participated” in buying, “What” and “Where” the consumers bought organic products (p<0.05), while “Price” was related to “What” and “When” the consumers bought organic products (p<0.05). “Place” was related to “What” and “How” the consumers bought organic products (p<0.05). Furthermore, “Promotion” was related to “What” and “Where” the consumers bought organic products (p<0.05). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20behavior" title="consumer behavior">consumer behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20products" title=" organic products"> organic products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bangkok%20Metropolis%20and%20Vicinity" title=" Bangkok Metropolis and Vicinity"> Bangkok Metropolis and Vicinity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24467/consumer-behavior-in-buying-organic-product-a-case-study-of-consumer-in-the-bangkok-metropolits-and-vicinity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24467.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">285</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">70</span> Questioning the Relationship Between Young People and Fake News Through Their Use of Social Media</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marion%20Billard">Marion Billard</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper will focus on the question of the real relationship between young people and fake news. Fake news is one of today’s main issues in the world of information and communication. Social media and its democratization helped to spread false information. According to traditional beliefs, young people are more inclined to believe what they read through social media. But, the individuals concerned, think that they are more inclined to make a distinction between real and fake news. This phenomenon is due to their use of the internet and social media from an early age. During the 2016 and 2017 French and American presidential campaigns, the term fake news was in the mouth of the entire world and became a real issue in the field of information. While young people were informing themselves with newspapers or television until the beginning of the ’90s, Gen Z (meaning people born between 1997 and 2010), has always been immersed in this world of fast communication. They know how to use social media from a young age and the internet has no secret for them. Today, despite the sporadic use of traditional media, young people tend to turn to their smartphones and social networks such as Instagram or Twitter to stay abreast of the latest news. The growth of social media information led to an “ambient journalism”, giving access to an endless quantity of information. Waking up in the morning, young people will see little posts with short texts supplying the essential of the news, without, for the most, many details. As a result, impressionable people are not able to do a distinction between real media, and “junk news” or Fake News. This massive use of social media is probably explained by the inability of the youngsters to find connections between the communication of the traditional media and what they are living. The question arises if this over-confidence of the young people in their ability to distinguish between accurate and fake news would not make it more difficult for them to examine critically the information. Their relationship with media and fake news is more complex than popular opinion. Today’s young people are not the master in the quest for information, nor inherently the most impressionable public on social media. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fake%20news" title="fake news">fake news</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=youngsters" title=" youngsters"> youngsters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media" title=" social media"> social media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information" title=" information"> information</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generation" title=" generation"> generation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144465/questioning-the-relationship-between-young-people-and-fake-news-through-their-use-of-social-media" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144465.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">69</span> Electromagnetic Fields Characterization of an Urban Area in Lagos De Moreno Mexico and Its Correlation with Public Health Hazards</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marco%20Vinicio%20F%C3%A9lix%20Lerma">Marco Vinicio Félix Lerma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Efrain%20Rubio%20Rosas"> Efrain Rubio Rosas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fernando%20Ricardez%20Rueda"> Fernando Ricardez Rueda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Victor%20Manuel%20Casta%C3%B1o%20Meneses"> Victor Manuel Castaño Meneses</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper reports a spectral analysis of the exposure levels of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields originating from a wide variety of telecommunications sources present in an urban area of Lagos de Moreno, Jalisco, Mexico. The electromagnetic characterization of the urban zone under study was carried out by measurements in 118 sites. Measurements of TETRA,ISM434, LTE800, ISM868, GSM900, GSM1800, 3G UMTS,4G UMTS, Wlan2.4, LTE2.6, DECT, VHF Television and FM radio signals were performed at distances ranging over 10 to 1000m from 87 broadcasting towers concentrated in an urban area of about 3 hectares. The aim of these measurements is the evaluation of the electromagnetic fields power levels generated by communication systems because of their interaction with the human body. We found that in certain regions the general public exposure limits determined by ICNIRP (International Commission of Non Ionizing Radiation Protection) are overpassed from 5% up to 61% of the upper values, indicating an imminent health public hazard, whereas in other regions we found that these limits are not overpassed. This work proposes an electromagnetic pollution classification for urban zones according with ICNIRP standards. We conclude that the urban zone under study presents diverse levels of pollution and that in certain regions an electromagnetic shielding solution is needed in order to safeguard the health of the population that lives there. A practical solution in the form of paint coatings and fiber curtains for the buildings present in this zone is also proposed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromagnetic%20field" title="electromagnetic field">electromagnetic field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=telecommunication%20systems" title=" telecommunication systems"> telecommunication systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electropollution" title=" electropollution"> electropollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20hazards" title=" health hazards"> health hazards</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46590/electromagnetic-fields-characterization-of-an-urban-area-in-lagos-de-moreno-mexico-and-its-correlation-with-public-health-hazards" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46590.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">393</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">68</span> Citizen Journalist: A Case Study of Audience Participation in Mainstream TV News Production in India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sindhu%20Manjesh">Sindhu Manjesh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper examines citizen journalism in India, specifically the inclusion of user-generated content (UGC) by mainstream media, by focusing on the case study of the Citizen Journalist show on CNN-News 18, a national television news broadcaster. It studies the processes of production involved in Citizen Journalist to find out how professional journalists and citizens interact to put together the show in order to help readers understand the relationship between journalists and the public in the evolving media landscape of India, the world’s largest democracy, and a leader in the Global South. Using an in-depth case study approach involving newsroom ethnography, interviews, and an examination of Citizen Journalist content, it studies the implications of audience participation for traditional journalistic routines and values – specifically gatekeeping and objectivity. Citizen Journalist began to much fanfare and promise about including neglected citizen views and voices. Based on evidence gathered, this study, however, argues that claims made by CNN-News18 about democratizing news production through Citizen Journalist were overstated. It made some effort to do this and broadcast a lot of important stories. But overall, in terms of bringing in citizen voices, it did not live up to its initial promise because the show was anchored in traditional journalistic norms and roles and the channel’s economic imperatives. Professional journalists were ironically the producers of 'citizen journalism' in this case. Mainstream media’s authority in defining journalistic work –who says what, where, when, why, and how– remains predominant in India. This has implications for democratic participation in India. The example of Citizen Journalist –the model it followed, its partial success, and many limitations– could well presage outcomes for other news outlets, in India and beyond, which copy its template. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=citizen%20journalism" title="citizen journalism">citizen journalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20journalism" title=" digital journalism"> digital journalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=participatory%20journalism" title=" participatory journalism"> participatory journalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20sphere" title=" public sphere"> public sphere</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114307/citizen-journalist-a-case-study-of-audience-participation-in-mainstream-tv-news-production-in-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114307.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">120</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">67</span> Analysis of Relationship between Social Media Conversation and Mainstream Coverage to Mobilize Social Movement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sakulsri%20Srisaracam">Sakulsri Srisaracam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Social media has become an important source of information for the public and the media profession. Some social issues raised on social media are picked up by journalists to report on other platforms. This relationship between social media and mainstream media can sometimes drive public debate or stimulate social movements. The question to examine is in what situations can social media conversations raise awareness and stimulate change on public issues. This study addresses the communication patterns of social media conversations driving covert issues into mainstream media and leading to social advocacy movements. In methodological terms, the study findings are based on a content analysis of Facebook, Twitter, news websites and television media reports on three different case studies – saving Bryde’s whale, protests against a government proposal to downsize the Office of Knowledge Management and Development in Thailand, and a dengue fever campaign. These case studies were chosen because they represent issues that most members of the public do not pay much attention to but social media conversations stimulated public debate and calls to action. This study found: 1) Collective social media conversations can stimulate public debate and encourage change at three levels – awareness, public debate, and action of policy and social change. The level depends on the communication patterns of online users and media coverage. 2) Patterns of communication have to be designed to combine social media conversations, online opinion leaders, mainstream media coverage and call to both online and offline action to motivate social change. Thus, this result suggests that social media is a powerful platform for collective communication and setting the agenda on public issues for mainstream media. However, for social change to succeed, social media should be used to mobilize online movements to move offline too. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20issues" title="public issues">public issues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mainstream%20media" title=" mainstream media"> mainstream media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media" title=" social media"> social media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20movement" title=" social movement"> social movement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58795/analysis-of-relationship-between-social-media-conversation-and-mainstream-coverage-to-mobilize-social-movement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58795.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">282</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">66</span> Social Change and Cultural Sustainability in the Wake of Digital Media Revolution in South Asia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Binod%20C.%20Agrawal">Binod C. Agrawal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In modern history, industrial and media merchandising in South Asia from East Asia, Europe, United States and other countries of the West is over 200 years old. Hence, continued external technology and media exposure is not a new experience in multi-lingual and multi religious South Asia which evolved cultural means to withstand structural change. In the post-World War II phase, media exposure especially of telecommunication, film, Internet, radio, print media and television have increased manifold. South Asia did not lose any time in acquiring and adopting digital media accelerated by chip revolution, computer and satellite communication. The penetration of digital media and utilization are exceptionally high though the spread has an unequal intensity, use and effects. The author argues that industrial and media products are “cultural products” apart from being “technological products”; hence their influences are most felt in the cultural domain which may lead to blunting of unique cultural specifics in the multi-cultural, multi-lingual and multi religious South Asia. Social scientists, political leaders and parents have voiced concern of “Cultural domination”, “Digital media colonization” and “Westernization”. Increased digital media access has also opened up doors of pornography and other harmful information that have sparked fresh debates and discussions about serious negative, harmful, and undesirable social effects especially among youth. Within ‘techno-social’ perspective, based on recent research studies, the paper aims to describe and analyse possible socio-economic change due to digital media penetration. Further, analysis supports the view that the ancient multi-lingual and multi-religious cultures of South Asia due to inner cultural strength may sustain without setting in a process of irreversible structural changes in South Asia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20sustainability" title="cultural sustainability">cultural sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20media%20effects" title=" digital media effects"> digital media effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20media%20impact%20in%20South%20Asia" title=" digital media impact in South Asia"> digital media impact in South Asia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20change%20in%20South%20Asia" title=" social change in South Asia"> social change in South Asia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41495/social-change-and-cultural-sustainability-in-the-wake-of-digital-media-revolution-in-south-asia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41495.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">65</span> An Analysis of Socio-Demographics, Living Conditions, and Physical and Emotional Child Abuse Patterns in the Context of the 2010 Haiti Earthquake</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sony%20Subedi">Sony Subedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Colleen%20Davison"> Colleen Davison</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Susan%20Bartels"> Susan Bartels</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: The aim of this study is to i) investigate the socio-demographics and living conditions of households in Haiti pre- and post 2010 earthquake, ii) determine the household prevalence of emotional and physical abuse in children (aged 2-14) after the earthquake, and iii) explore the association between earthquake-related loss and experience of emotional and physical child abuse in the household while considering potential confounding variables and the interactive effects of a number of social, economic, and demographic factors. Methods: A nationally representative sample of Haitian households from the 2005/6 and 2012 phases of the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) was used. Descriptive analysis was summarized using frequencies and measures of central tendency. Chi-squared and independent t-tests were used to compare data that was available pre-earthquake and post-earthquake. The association between experiences of earthquake-related loss and emotional and physical child abuse was assessed using log-binomial regression models. Results: Comparing pre-post-earthquake, noteworthy improvements were observed in the educational attainment of the household head (9.1% decrease in “no education” category) and in possession of the following household items: electricity, television, mobile-phone, and radio post-earthquake. Approximately 77.0% of children aged 2-14 experienced at least one form of physical abuse and 78.5% of children experienced at least one form of emotional abuse one month prior to the 2012 survey period. Analysis regarding the third objective (association between experiences of earthquake-related loss and emotional and physical child abuse) is in progress. Conclusions: The extremely high prevalence of emotional and physical child abuse in Haiti indicates an immediate need for improvements in the enforcement of existing policies and interventions aimed at decreasing child abuse in the household. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haiti%20earthquake" title="Haiti earthquake">Haiti earthquake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20abuse" title=" physical abuse"> physical abuse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotional%20abuse" title=" emotional abuse"> emotional abuse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20disasters" title=" natural disasters"> natural disasters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title=" children"> children</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92462/an-analysis-of-socio-demographics-living-conditions-and-physical-and-emotional-child-abuse-patterns-in-the-context-of-the-2010-haiti-earthquake" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92462.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">184</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">64</span> Paradigm Shift of the World Is Globalization: Identity Crisis, Violence and Cultural War</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahla%20Bukhtair">Shahla Bukhtair</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A paradigm presents a consensus view of a particular or collective community, accepted into by the members of that community, either consciously pronounced or, more likely, simply assumed and not intentionally acknowledged but is articulated. Paradigm shift is based on the behavioral attitude of the community. Change is inexorable. The world is suffering with the innovative creation of globalization. Media boosted this paradigm shift all over the world. Globalization is a vigorous process which impacts differentially on various cultures around the world. The outcome of the globalization is permeates cultural boundaries and in the process results in the spread of Western ideologies and values across the world. The term flourished in 20th century. Globalization is regarded as having substantial impact on such crises through its encouragement of conflicts rather than conciliation; through opportunities of expression, various groups get benefit with it. Identity crisis refers to inflexible mechanism i.e. cultural and political conflicts among polarized groups, which struggle with each other over the definition of a national identity. Violence is not only a kind of physical but it also psychological as well. Due to identity crisis, a person is having an issue of fear, anxiety, and lack of security. Everything has negative and positive aspects. Newspaper columns, magazine articles, films, made-for-TV movies, television special reports, and talk shows are all public arenas where images of political agenda of their own interest are constructed, debated, and reproduced. From these resources, individuals construct their own conceptions of what is normal and acceptable. This bias affects images in the media, and in turn has a negative effect on public development in a society. This paper investigates the relationship between globalization and cultural war, identity crisis and the role of violence. Objectives: - To determine which type of media plays an important role in shaping perceptions and attitudes of public negatively; - To analyze the impact of globalization on identity crisis, violence and global culture (positive and negative). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paradigm%20shift" title="paradigm shift">paradigm shift</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=globalization" title=" globalization"> globalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity%20crisis" title=" identity crisis"> identity crisis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20war" title=" cultural war"> cultural war</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41856/paradigm-shift-of-the-world-is-globalization-identity-crisis-violence-and-cultural-war" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41856.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">63</span> Relationships between Screen Time, Internet Addiction and Other Lifestyle Behaviors with Obesity among Secondary School Students in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ozen%20Asut">Ozen Asut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gulifeiya%20Abuduxike"> Gulifeiya Abuduxike</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imge%20Begendi"> Imge Begendi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20O.%20Canatan"> Mustafa O. Canatan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Merve%20Colak"> Merve Colak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gizem%20Ozturk"> Gizem Ozturk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lara%20Tasan"> Lara Tasan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Waraiet"> Ahmed Waraiet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Songul%20A.%20Vaizoglu"> Songul A. Vaizoglu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanda%20Cali"> Sanda Cali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Obesity among children and adolescents is one of the critical public health problems worldwide. Internet addiction is one of the sedentary behaviors that cause obesity due to the excessive screen time and reduced physical activities. We aimed to examine the relationships between the screen time, internet addiction and other lifestyle behaviors with obesity among high school students in the Near East College in Nicosia, Northern Cyprus. A cross-sectional study conducted among 469 secondary school students, mean age 11.95 (SD, 0.81) years. A self-administrated questionnaire was applied to assess the screen time and lifestyle behaviors. The Turkish adopted version of short-form of internet addiction test was used to assess internet addiction problems. Height and weight were measured to calculate BMI and classified based on the BMI percentiles for sex and age. Descriptive analysis, Chi-Square test, and multivariate regression analysis were done. Of all, 17.2% of the participants were overweight and obese, and 18.1% had internet addictions, while 40.7% of them reported having screen time more than two hours. After adjusting the analysis for age and sex, eating snacks while watching television (OR, 3.04; 95% CI, 1.28-7.21), self- perceived body weight (OR, 24.9; 95% CI, 9.64-64.25) and having a play station in the room (OR, 4.6; 95% CI, 1.85 - 11.42) were significantly associated with obesity. Screen time (OR, 4.68; 95% CI, 2.61-8.38; p=0.000) and having a computer in bedroom (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.01- 2.87; p=0.046) were significantly associated with internet addiction, whereas parent’s compliant regarding the lengthy technology use (OR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.11-0.46; p=0.000) was found to be a protective factor against internet addiction. Prolonged screen time, internet addiction, sedentary lifestyles, and reduced physical and social activities are interrelated, multi-dimensional factors that lead to obesity among children and adolescents. A family - school-based integrated approach should be implemented to tackle obesity problems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adolescents" title="adolescents">adolescents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internet%20addiction" title=" internet addiction"> internet addiction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifestyle" title=" lifestyle"> lifestyle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Northern%20Cyprus" title=" Northern Cyprus"> Northern Cyprus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obesity" title=" obesity"> obesity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=screen%20time" title=" screen time"> screen time</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97696/relationships-between-screen-time-internet-addiction-and-other-lifestyle-behaviors-with-obesity-among-secondary-school-students-in-the-turkish-republic-of-northern-cyprus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97696.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">62</span> Effect of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Usage by Cassava Farmers in Otukpo Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20J.%20Ajayi">O. J. Ajayi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20H.%20Tsado"> J. H. Tsado</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Olah"> F. Olah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study analyzed the effect of information and communication technology (ICT) usage on cassava farmers in Otukpo local government area of Benue state, Nigeria. Primary data was collected from 120 randomly selected cassava farmers using multi-stage sampling technique. A structured questionnaire and interview schedule was employed to generate data. Data were analyzed using descriptive (frequency, mean and percentage) and inferential statistics (OLS (ordinary least square) and Chi-square). The result revealed that majority (78.3%) were within the age range of 21-50 years implying that the respondents were within the active age for maximum production. 96.8% of the respondents had one form of formal education or the other. The sources of ICT facilities readily available in area were radio(84.2%), television(64.2%) and mobile phone(90.8%) with the latter being the most relied upon for cassava farming. Most of the farmers were aware (98.3%) and had access (95.8%) to these ICT facilities. The dependence on mobile phone and radio were highly relevant in cassava stem selection, land selection, land preparation, cassava planting technique, fertilizer application and pest and disease management. The value of coefficient of determination (R2) indicated an 89.1% variation in the output of cassava farmers explained by the inputs indicated in the regression model implying that, there is a positive and significant relationship between the inputs and output. The results also indicated that labour, fertilizer and farm size were significant at 1% level of probability while ICT use was significant at 10%. Further findings showed that finance (78.3%) was the major constraint associated with ICT use. Recommendations were made on strengthening the use of ICT especially contemporary ones like the computer and internet among farmers for easy information sourcing which can boost agricultural production, improve livelihood and subsequently food security. This may be achieved by providing credit or subsidies and information centres like telecentres and cyber cafes through government assistance or partnership. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ICT" title="ICT">ICT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cassava%20farmers" title=" cassava farmers"> cassava farmers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inputs" title=" inputs"> inputs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=output" title=" output"> output</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37874/effect-of-information-and-communication-technology-ict-usage-by-cassava-farmers-in-otukpo-local-government-area-of-benue-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37874.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">311</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">61</span> Effective Factors on Self-Care in Women with Osteoporosis: A Study with Content Analysis Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arezoo%20Fallahi">Arezoo Fallahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siamak%20Derakhshan"> Siamak Derakhshan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parvaneh%20Taymoori"> Parvaneh Taymoori</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Babak%20Nematshahrbabaki"> Babak Nematshahrbabaki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Osteoporosis, the most common metabolic bone disease, is an important health care issue. Not only the cost of disease is high but also is one of the causes of disability and mortality and effect on quality of life. Although self-care is effective on disease, s control and treatment but still effective factors on self-care of patient, s viewpoint have not been survey. The aim of this study was to explore effective factors on self-care in women with osteoporosis. Materials and methods: This study was done by conventional content analysis approach in year 2014. Through purposeful sampling 15 women referred to bone mass densitometry centers participated in this study. Inclusion criteria were: Women older than 50 years old with osteoporosis, final diagnosis of osteoporosis for over six –month period, T-score index below -2.5 (lower back or hip), drug use by patients with a physician’s prescription, ability in speaking and attending to participate in the study. Data was collected by face to face and group semi-structure deep interviews and analyzed via content analysis method. To support of rigor of data, criteria credibility, confirmability and transferability were used. Results: during data analysis five categories developed: “hope and disability in the face of illness”, “mutual roles of physician”, “role of family” and “administrative centers and organizations”. To perform self-care behaviors, the participations of this study emphasized on pay attention to their own healthy, regarding patients' rights by physician, pay attention to women's health by men, and the role of media especially radio and television. Conclusion: the finding of the study showed that women’s responsibility with osteoporosis for their health is not a factor but it is multifactorial. Increasing life expectancy in patients, attention to patients needs by physician, increasing health promotion programs in the media and enhancing role of family may provide conditions and infrastructure to empowerment women in doing self-care behavior. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women" title="women">women</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osteoporosis" title=" osteoporosis"> osteoporosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-care" title=" self-care"> self-care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=content%20analysis" title=" content analysis"> content analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25877/effective-factors-on-self-care-in-women-with-osteoporosis-a-study-with-content-analysis-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25877.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">463</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">60</span> Influence of Online Sports Events on Betting among Nigerian Youth</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Babajide%20Olufemi%20Diyaolu">Babajide Olufemi Diyaolu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The opportunity provided by advances in technology as regards sports betting is so numerous that even at one's comfort, with the use of a phone, Nigerian youth are found engaging in all kinds of betting. Today it is more difficult to differentiate a true fan as there are quite a number of them that became fans as a result of betting on live games. This study investigated the influence of online sports events on betting among Nigerian youth. A descriptive survey research design was used, and the population consists of all Nigerian youth that engages in betting and live within the southwest zone of Nigeria. A simple random sampling technique was used to pick three states from the southwest zone of Nigeria. Two thousand five hundred respondents comprising males and female were sampled from the three states. A structured questionnaire on online sports event contribution to sports betting (OSECSB) was used. The Instrument consists of three sections. Section A seeks information on the demographic data of the respondents. Section B seeks information on online sports events, while section C is used to extract information on sports betting. The modified instrument, which consists of 14 items, has a reliability coefficient of 0.74. The hypothesis was tested at 0.05 significance level. The completed questionnaire was collated, coded, and analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequency counts, percentage and pie chart, and inferential statistics of multiple regressions. The findings of this study revealed that online sports betting is a significant predictor of an increase in sports betting among Nigerian youth. The media and television, as well as globalization and the internet coupled with social media and various online platforms, have all contributed to the immense increase in sports betting. The increase in the advertisement of the betting platform during live matches, especially football, is becoming more alarming. In most organized international events, the media attention, as well as sponsorship right, are now been given to one or two betting platforms. There is a need for all stakeholders to put in place school-based intervention programs to reorientate our youth about the consequences of addiction to betting. Such programs must include meta-analyses and emotional control towards sports betting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=betting%20platform" title="betting platform">betting platform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigerian%20fans" title=" Nigerian fans"> Nigerian fans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigerian%20youth" title=" Nigerian youth"> Nigerian youth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sports%20betting" title=" sports betting"> sports betting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146945/influence-of-online-sports-events-on-betting-among-nigerian-youth" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146945.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">59</span> Integrating a Universal Forensic DNA Database: Anticipated Deterrent Effects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karen%20Fang">Karen Fang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Investigative genetic genealogy has attracted much interest in both the field of ethics and the public eye due to its global application in criminal cases. Arguments have been made regarding privacy and informed consent, especially with law enforcement using consumer genetic testing results to convict individuals. In the case of public interest, DNA databases have the strong potential to significantly reduce crime, which in turn leads to safer communities and better futures. With the advancement of genetic technologies, the integration of a universal forensic DNA database in violent crimes, crimes against children, and missing person cases is expected to deter crime while protecting one’s privacy. Rather than collecting whole genomes from the whole population, STR profiles can be used to identify unrelated individuals without compromising personal information such as physical appearance, disease risk, and geographical origin, and additionally, reduce cost and storage space. STR DNA profiling is already used in the forensic science field and going a step further benefits several areas, including the reduction in recidivism, improved criminal court case turnaround time, and just punishment. Furthermore, adding individuals to the database as early as possible prevents young offenders and first-time offenders from participating in criminal activity. It is important to highlight that DNA databases should be inclusive and tightly governed, and the misconception on the use of DNA based on crime television series and other media sources should be addressed. Nonetheless, deterrent effects have been observed in countries like the US and Denmark with DNA databases that consist of serious violent offenders. Fewer crimes were reported, and fewer people were convicted of those crimes- a favorable outcome, not even the death penalty could provide. Currently, there is no better alternative than a universal forensic DNA database made up of STR profiles. It can open doors for investigative genetic genealogy and fostering better communities. Expanding the appropriate use of DNA databases is ethically acceptable and positively impacts the public. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioethics" title="bioethics">bioethics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deterrent%20effects" title=" deterrent effects"> deterrent effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNA%20database" title=" DNA database"> DNA database</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=investigative%20genetic%20genealogy" title=" investigative genetic genealogy"> investigative genetic genealogy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=privacy" title=" privacy"> privacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20interest" title=" public interest"> public interest</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143388/integrating-a-universal-forensic-dna-database-anticipated-deterrent-effects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143388.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">58</span> A Qualitative Exploration of How Brazilian Immigrant Mothers Living in the United States Obtain Information about Physical Activity and Screen-Viewing for Their Young Children</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Cristina%20Lindsay">Ana Cristina Lindsay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mary%20L.%20Greaney"> Mary L. Greaney</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Racial/ethnic minority children of low-income immigrant families remain at increased risk of obesity. Consistent with high rates of childhood obesity among racial/ethnic minority children are high rates of physical inactivity and increased levels of sedentary behaviors (e.g., TV and other screen viewing). Brazilians comprise a fast-growing immigrant population group in the US, yet little research has focused on the health issues affecting Brazilian immigrant children. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore how Brazilian-born immigrant mothers living in the United States obtain information about physical activity and screen-time for their young children. Methods: Qualitative research including focus groups with Brazilian immigrant mothers of preschool-age children living in the U.S. Results: Results revealed that Brazilian immigrant mothers obtain information on young children’s physical activity and screen-time from a variety of sources including interpersonal communication, television and magazines, government health care programs (WIC program) and professionals (e.g., nurses and pediatricians). A noteworthy finding is the significant role of foreign information sources (Brazilian TV shows and magazines) on mothers’ access to information about these early behaviors. Future research is needed to quantify and better understanding Brazilian parents’ access to accurate and sound information related to young children’s physical activity and screen-viewing behaviors. Conclusions: To our knowledge, no existing research has examined how Brazilian immigrant mothers living in the United States obtain information about these behaviors. This information is crucial for the design of culturally appropriate early childhood obesity prevention interventions tailored to the specific needs of this ethnic group. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20activity" title="physical activity">physical activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scree-time" title=" scree-time"> scree-time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information" title=" information"> information</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immigrant" title=" immigrant"> immigrant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mothers" title=" mothers"> mothers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brazilian" title=" Brazilian"> Brazilian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=United%20States" title=" United States"> United States</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76543/a-qualitative-exploration-of-how-brazilian-immigrant-mothers-living-in-the-united-states-obtain-information-about-physical-activity-and-screen-viewing-for-their-young-children" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76543.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">275</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">57</span> Impact of Information and Communication Technology on Academic Performance of Senior Secondary Schools Students in Gwagwalada Area Council of Federal Capital Territory, Abuja</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suleiman%20Garba">Suleiman Garba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haruna%20Ishaku"> Haruna Ishaku</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Information and communication technology (ICT) includes any communication device encompassing: radio, television, cellular phones, computer, satellite systems and so on, as well as the various services and applications associated with them. The significance of ICT cannot be over-emphasized in education. The teaching and learning processes have integrated with the application of ICTs for effectiveness and enhancement of academic performance among the students. Today, as the educational sector is faced with series of changes and reforms, it was noted that the problem of information technology illiteracy was a serious one among the schools’ teachers in the country as it cuts across primary, secondary schools and tertiary institutions. This study investigated the impact of ICT on the academic performance of senior secondary schools students in Gwagwalada Area Council of Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja. A sample of 120 SSS III students was involved in the study. They were selected by using simple random sampling technique. A questionnaire was developed and validated through expert judgement and reliability co-efficient of 0.81 was obtained. It was used to gather relevant data from the respondents. Findings revealed that there was positive impact of ICT on academic performance of senior secondary schools students. The findings indicated the causes of poor academic performance among the students as lack of qualified teachers to teach in schools, peer group influence, and bullying. Significantly, the findings revealed that ICT had a positive impact on students’ academic performance. The null hypotheses were tested using t-test at 0.05 level of significance. It was discovered that there was significant difference between male and female secondary schools’ students' impact of ICT on academic performance in Gwagawalada Area Council of FCT-Abuja. Based on these findings, some recommendations were made which include: adequate funds should be provided towards procurement of ICT resources, relevant textbooks to enhance students’ active participation in learning processes and students should be provided with internet accessibility at inexpensive rate so as to create a platform for accessing useful information in the pursuit of academic excellence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20performance" title="academic performance">academic performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact" title=" impact"> impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20communication%20technology" title=" information communication technology"> information communication technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=schools" title=" schools"> schools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=students" title=" students"> students</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66171/impact-of-information-and-communication-technology-on-academic-performance-of-senior-secondary-schools-students-in-gwagwalada-area-council-of-federal-capital-territory-abuja" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66171.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">219</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">56</span> The Desire for Significance & Memorability in Popular Culture: A Cognitive Psychological Study of Contemporary Literature, Art, and Media</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Israel%20B.%20Bitton">Israel B. Bitton</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> “Memory” is associated with various phenomena, from physical to mental, personal to collective and historical to cultural. As part of a broader exploration of memory studies in philosophy and science (slated for academic publication October 2021), this specific study employs analytical methods of cognitive psychology and philosophy of memory to theorize that A) the primary human will (drive) is to significance, in that every human action and expression can be rooted in a most primal desire to be cosmically significant (however that is individually perceived); and B) that the will to significance manifests as the will to memorability, an innate desire to be remembered by others after death. In support of these broad claims, a review of various popular culture “touchpoints”—historic and contemporary records spanning literature, film and television, traditional news media, and social media—is presented to demonstrate how this very theory is repeatedly and commonly expressed (and has been for a long time) by many popular public figures as well as “everyday people.” Though developed before COVID, the crisis only increased the theory’s relevance: so many people were forced to die alone, leaving them and their loved ones to face even greater existential angst than what ordinarily accompanies death since the usual expectations for one’s “final moments” were shattered. To underscore this issue of, and response to, what can be considered a sociocultural “memory gap,” this study concludes with a summary of several projects launched by journalists at the height of the pandemic to document the memorable human stories behind COVID’s tragic warped speed death toll that, when analyzed through the lens of Viktor E. Frankl’s psychoanalytical perspective on “existential meaning,” shows how countless individuals were robbed of the last wills and testaments to their self-significance and memorability typically afforded to the dying and the aggrieved. The resulting insight ought to inform how government and public health officials determine what is truly “non-essential” to human health, physical and mental, at times of crisis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20psychology" title="cognitive psychology">cognitive psychology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=covid" title=" covid"> covid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuroscience" title=" neuroscience"> neuroscience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=philosophy%20of%20memory" title=" philosophy of memory"> philosophy of memory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139374/the-desire-for-significance-memorability-in-popular-culture-a-cognitive-psychological-study-of-contemporary-literature-art-and-media" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139374.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">184</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">55</span> The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Journalism and Mass Communication</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saad%20Zagloul%20Shokri%20Melika">Saad Zagloul Shokri Melika</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The London College of Communication is one of the only universities in the world to offer a lifestyle journalism master’s degree. A hybrid originally constructed largely out of a generic journalism program crossed with numerous cultural studies approaches, the degree has developed into a leading lifestyle journalism education attracting students worldwide. This research project seeks to present a framework for structuring the degree as well as to understand how students in this emerging field of study value the program. While some researchers have addressed questions about journalism and higher education, none have looked specifically at the increasingly important genre of lifestyle journalism, which Folker Hanusch defines as including notions of consumerism and critique among other identifying traits. Lifestyle journalism, itself poorly researched by scholars, can relate to topics including travel, fitness, and entertainment, and as such, arguably a lifestyle journalism degree should prepare students to engage with these topics. This research uses the existing Masters of Arts and Lifestyle Journalism at the London College of Communications as a case study to examine the school’s approach. Furthering Hanusch’s original definition, this master’s program attempts to characterizes lifestyle journalism by a specific voice or approach, as reflected in the diversity of student’s final projects. This framework echoes the ethos and ideas of the university, which focuses on creativity, design, and experimentation. By analyzing the current degree as well as student feedback, this research aims to assist future educators in pursuing the often neglected field of lifestyle journalism. Through a discovery of the unique mix of practical coursework, theoretical lessons, and broad scope of student work presented in this degree program, researchers strive to develop a framework for lifestyle journalism education, referring to Mark Deuze’s ten questions for journalism education development. While Hanusch began the discussion to legitimize the study of lifestyle journalism, this project strives to go one step further and open up a discussion about teaching of lifestyle journalism at the university level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Journalism" title="Journalism">Journalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accountability" title=" accountability"> accountability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=television" title=" television"> television</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=publicdearth" title=" publicdearth"> publicdearth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=investigative" title=" investigative"> investigative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=journalism" title=" journalism"> journalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=journalismeducation" title=" journalismeducation"> journalismeducation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifestyle" title=" lifestyle"> lifestyle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=university" title=" university"> university</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187025/the-impact-of-artificial-intelligence-on-journalism-and-mass-communication" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187025.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">44</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">54</span> Translation of Scientific and Technological Terms into Hausa Language: A Guide to Hausa Language Translator in an Electronic Media (Radio)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surajo%20Ladan">Surajo Ladan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is no doubt nowadays, the media plays a crucial role in the development of languages. Media practitioners influence and set our linguistic norms to a greater extent. Their strategic position makes them influential than school teachers as linguistic pacesetters and models. This is so because of the direct access to the general public that media enjoys being public, oriented and at the same time being patronized by the public, the media is regarded as an authority as far as language use is concerned. In the modern world, listening to the news has become part and parcel of our daily lives. Easy communication has made the world a global village. Contact between countries and people are increasing daily. In Nigeria and indeed the whole of West Africa, radio is the most widely spread out of the three types of media (radio, television, and print). This is because of its (radio) cheapness and less cumbersome and flexibility. Therefore, the positive or negative effect of radio on the lives of a typical Nigerian or African cannot be over emphasized. Hausa language, on the other hand, is one of the most widely spoken languages in West Africa and, of course, the lingua franca in the Northern part of Nigeria and Southern Niger. The language has been in use to a large extent by almost all the popular foreign media houses of BBC, VOA, Deutsche Welle Radio, Radio France International, Radio China, etc. The many people in Nigeria and West Africa depend so much on the news in this language. In fact even government programmes, mobilization, education and sensitization of the populace are done in this language through the broadcast media. It is against this background, for effective and efficient work of this nature it requires the services of a trained translator for the purpose of translating scientific and technological terms. The main thrust of this paper was necessitated for the fact that no nation develops using foreign or borrowed language. This is in lined with UNESCO declaration of 1953 where it says 'the best Language of Instruction (LOI) is the vernacular or the Mother Tongue (MT) of the learner'. This idea is in the right direction especially nowadays that the developing nations have come to terms with realities that their destiny is really in their own hands, not in the hands of the so-called developed nations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=translation" title="translation">translation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scientific" title=" scientific"> scientific</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technological" title=" technological"> technological</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language" title=" language"> language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radio" title=" radio"> radio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=media" title=" media"> media</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3969/translation-of-scientific-and-technological-terms-into-hausa-language-a-guide-to-hausa-language-translator-in-an-electronic-media-radio" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3969.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">53</span> Assessment of Nigerian Newspapers' Reportage of Violence against Children: Case Study of Daily Sun and Punch National Newspapers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adline%20Nkwam-Uwaoma">Adline Nkwam-Uwaoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mishack%20Ndukwu"> Mishack Ndukwu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Traditionally, child rearing in Nigeria closely reflects the ‘spare the rod and spoil the child’ maxim and as such spanking, flogging, slapping, beating and even starving a child as a form of punishment for wrongdoing and as a method of behaviour modification are common. These are not necessarily considered as maltreatment or abuse of the child. Despite the adoption and implementation of the child rights act in Nigeria, violence against children seems to be on a steady increase. Stories of sexual molestation, rape, child labour, infliction of physical injuries and use of children for rituals by parents, guardians or other members of the society abound. Violence against children is considered as those acts by other persons especially adults that undermine and threaten the healthy life and existence of children or those that violet their rights as humans. In Nigeria newspapers are a major source of News, second only to radio and television in coverage, currency and content. National dailies are newspapers with daily publications and national spread or coverage. This study analysed the frequency, length, prominence level, direction and sources of information reported on violence against children in the selected national daily newspapers. It then provided information on the role of the newspapers in Nigeria in the fight against child violence and public awareness of the impact of violence against children on the development of the nation and the attempts to curtail such violence. The composite week sampling technique in which the four weeks of the month are reduced to one and a sample is randomly selected from each day of the week was used. As such 168 editions of Daily Sun and Punch newspapers published from January to December of 2016 were selected. Data were collected using code sheet and analyzed via content analysis. The result showed that the frequency of the newspapers’ reportage of violence against children in Nigeria was low. Again, it was found that the length or space given to reports on violence against children was inadequate, the direction of the few reports on violence against children was in favour of the course or fight against child violence, and these newspapers gave no prominence to reports on violence against children. Finally, it was found that a major source of News about violence against children was through journalism; government and individual sources provided only minimal information. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title="children">children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=newspapers%27%20reportage" title=" newspapers' reportage"> newspapers' reportage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=violence" title=" violence"> violence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85774/assessment-of-nigerian-newspapers-reportage-of-violence-against-children-case-study-of-daily-sun-and-punch-national-newspapers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85774.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52</span> The Modern Era in the Cricket World: How Far Have We Really Come?</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Habib%20Noorbhai">Habib Noorbhai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> History of Cricket: Cricket has a known history spanning from the 16th century till present, with international matches having been played since 1844. The game of cricket arrived in Australia as soon as colonization began in 1788. Cricketers started playing on turf wickets in the late 1800’s and dimensions for both the boundary and pitch later became assimilated. As the years evolved, cricket bats and balls, protective equipment, playing surfaces and the three formats of the game adapted to the playing conditions and laws of cricket. Business of Cricket: During the late 1900's, the shorter version of the game (T20) was introduced in order to attract the crowds to stadiums and television viewers for broadcasting rights. One could argue if this was merely a business venture or a platform for enhancing the performance of cricketers. Between the 16th and 20th century, cricket was a common sport played for passion and pure enjoyment. Industries saw a potential in diversified business ventures in the game (as well as other sports played globally) and cricket subsequently became a career for players, administrators and coaches, the media, health professionals, managers and the corporate world. Pros and Cons of Cricket Developments: At present, the game has significantly gained from the use of technology, sports sciences and varied mechanisms to optimize the performances and forecast frameworks for injury prevention in cricket players. Unfortunately, these had not been utilized in the earlier times of cricket and it would prove interesting to observe how the greats of the game would have benefited with such developments. Cricketers in the 21st century are faced with many overwhelming commitments. One of these is playing cricket for 11 months in a year, making it more than 250 days away from home and their families. As the demand of player contracts increase, the supply of commitment and performances from players increase. Way Forward and Future Implications: The questions are: Are such disadvantages contributing to the overload and injury risks of players? How far have we really come in the cricketing world or has everything since the game’s inception become institutionalized with a business model? These are the fundamental questions which need to be addressed and legislation, policies and ethical considerations need to be drafted and implemented. These will ensure that there is equilibrium of effective transitions and management of not only the players, but also the credibility of the wonderful game. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enterprising%20business%20of%20cricket" title="enterprising business of cricket">enterprising business of cricket</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology" title=" technology"> technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legislation" title=" legislation"> legislation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=credibility" title=" credibility "> credibility </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20764/the-modern-era-in-the-cricket-world-how-far-have-we-really-come" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20764.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">448</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">51</span> Contemporary Female Composers in Bulgaria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stanimira%20Ntermentzieva">Stanimira Ntermentzieva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gender studies in post-communist Eastern Europe emerged in the early 1990s after the collapse of the communist regime. It can be explained by a series of cultural and political factors. However, Bulgarian female composers’ contribution to Western art music has not been studied. This field shows us some aspects of the impact of globalization on gender issues. This paper outlines the female composers in the establishment of the modern Bulgarian state and society. It is dedicated to the Bulgarian award-winning female composers who studied in Western European and American universities in the 1990s. Many of them migrated to these regions as part of a great migration in which Bulgaria lost 2.3 to three million of its population and strived to modernize Bulgarian music. Nowadays, the Union of Bulgarian Composers has 262 members, but only 19 of them are women. The Grammy-awarded Penka Kouneva (b. 1967) is one of the few female composers in Hollywood. She composed and orchestrated film scores, music for video games and television. Anna-Maria Ravnopolska-Dean (b. 1960) is a Bulgarian/American harpist, arranger, composer, pedagogue and TV host. She wrote pieces for harp and chamber ensembles. Maria Panayotova (b. 1976) studied composition in the USA. Alexandra Fol (b. 1981) and Vania Angelova (b. 1954) work in Canada and are recipients of grants from the Canada Council for the Arts and the Bulgarian Ministry of Culture, among others. Afroditi Katmeridou, born in Bulgaria in 1956 by Greek parents, was the first woman who wrote electroacoustic music. One of the well-known contemporary composers is the British/Bulgarian Dobrinka Tabakova (b. 1980). She moved with her family to the United Kingdom when she was 11 and studied Composition at Guildhall School of Music and Drama in London. Her album String Paths was nominated for a Grammy award. Many female composers made a successful career in EU countries: Albena Petrovic-Vratchanska (Luxemburg), Yuliana Tochkova-Patrouilleau (France), Dariana Kumanova (Italy), Tveta Dimitrova (Austria), Ivajla Kirova (Germany), Alexandra Karastoyanova-Hermentin (Austria) and more. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=balgarian%20music" title="balgarian music">balgarian music</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=female%20composers" title=" female composers"> female composers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20studies" title=" gender studies"> gender studies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=western%20art%20music" title=" western art music"> western art music</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration" title=" migration"> migration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171069/contemporary-female-composers-in-bulgaria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171069.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">50</span> The Development of Documentary Filmmaking in Early Independent India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Camille%20Deprez">Camille Deprez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes to present research findings of an ongoing Hong Kong government-funded project on ‘The Documentary Film in India (1948-1975)’ (GRF 1240314), for which an extensive research fieldwork has been carried out in various archives in India. This project investigates the role and significance of the Indian documentary film sector from the inauguration of the state-sponsored Films Division one year after independence in 1948 until the declaration of a ‘State of Emergency’ in 1975. The documentary film production of this first period of national independence was characterised by increasing formal experimentation and analytical social and political enquiry, and by a complex, mixed structure of state-sponsored monopoly and free-market operation. However, that production remains significantly under-researched. What were the main production, distribution and exhibition strategies over this period? What were the recurrent themes and stylistic features of the films produced? In the new context of national independence (in which the State considered film as means of mass persuasion), consolidation of the commercial film, and the emergence of television and art cinema, what role did official, professional and creative factors play in the development of the documentary film sector? What were the impact of such films and the challenges faced by the documentary film in India? Based upon the crossed-analysis of primary written research documents, interviews and relevant films, this study interweaves empirical study of the sector's financing, production, distribution and exhibition strategies, as well as the films' content and form, with the larger historical context of India over the period from 1948 to 1975. Whilst most of the films made within the sector explored social issues, they were rarely able to do so from an overtly critical perspective. However, this paper proposes to analyse the contribution of important filmmakers and producers, including Ezra Mir, Paul Zils, Jean Bhownagary, S. Sukhdev, S. N. S. Sastri, and P. Pati, to the development of the Indian documentary film sector and style within and outside the remits of Films Division. It will more specifically assess the extent to which they criticised the State, showed the inequalities in Indian society and explored film form. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=documentary%20film" title="documentary film">documentary film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=film%20archives" title=" film archives"> film archives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=film%20history" title=" film history"> film history</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=India" title=" India"> India</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23360/the-development-of-documentary-filmmaking-in-early-independent-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23360.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">49</span> Understanding the Strategies Underpinning the Marketing of E-Cigarettes: A Content Analysis of Video Advertisements</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laura%20Struik">Laura Struik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Dow-Fleisner"> Sarah Dow-Fleisner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20Janke"> Robert Janke</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: The use of e-cigarettes, also known as vaping, has risen exponentially among North American youth and young adults (YYA) in recent years and has become a critical public health concern. The marketing strategies used by e-cigarette companies have been associated with the uptick in use among YYA, with video advertisements on TV and other electronic platforms being the most pervasive strategy. It is unknown if or how these advertisements capitalize on the recently documented multi-faceted influences that contribute to the initiation of vaping among this demographic (e.g., stress, anxiety, gender, peers, etc.), which is examined in this study. Methods: This content analysis is phase one of a two-phased research project that aims to inform meaningful approaches to anti-vaping messaging and campaigns. As part of this first phase, a scoping review has been conducted to identify various influences (environmental, cognitive, contextual, social, and emotional) on e-cigarette uptake among YYA. The results of this scoping review will inform the development of a coding framework to analyze the multiple influences present in vaping advertisements, as seen on two popular television channels (Discovery and AMC). In addition, advertisement characteristics will be incorporated into the coding framework (e.g., the number of people present, demographic details, context, and setting, etc.), and analyzed. Findings: Findings will reveal the types of influences being leveraged in vaping advertisements, and identify the underlying messages that may be particularly attractive to YYA. This will contribute to a more nuanced understanding of how e-cigarette companies market their products and to whom. The results will also inform the next phase of this research project, which will encompass an analysis of anti-vaping advertisements and how the underpinning strategies align with those of the pro-vaping advertisements. Conclusions: Findings of this will study bring forward important implications for developing effective anti-vaping messages, and assist public health professionals in providing more comprehensive prevention and cessation support as it relates to e-cigarette use. Understanding which marketing strategies e-cigarette companies use is vital to our understanding of how to combat them. Findings will inform recommendations for public health efforts aimed at curbing e-cigarette use among YYA, and ultimately contribute to the health and well-being of YYA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-cigarettes" title="e-cigarettes">e-cigarettes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=youth%20and%20young%20adults" title=" youth and young adults"> youth and young adults</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advertisements" title=" advertisements"> advertisements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20health" title=" public health"> public health</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116460/understanding-the-strategies-underpinning-the-marketing-of-e-cigarettes-a-content-analysis-of-video-advertisements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116460.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">121</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">48</span> Observing the Observers: Journalism and the Gendered Newsroom </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Silveirinha">M. Silveirinha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Lobo"> P. Lobo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the last few decades, many studies have documented a systematic under-representation of women in the news. Aside from being fewer than men, research has also shown that they are frequently portrayed according to traditional stereotypes that have been proven to be disadvantageous for women. When considering this problem, it has often been argued that news content will be more gender balanced when the number of female journalists increases. However, the recent so-called ‘feminization’ of media professions has shown that this assumption is too simplistic. If we want to better grasp gender biases in news content we will need to take a deeper approach into the processes of news production and into journalism culture itself, taking the study of newsmaking as a starting point and theoretical framework, with the purpose of examining the actual newsroom routines, professional values, structures and news access that eventually lead to an unbalanced media representation of women. If journalists consider themselves to be observers of everyday social and political life, of specific importance, as a vast body of research shows, is the observation of women journalist’s believes and of their roles and practices in a gendered newsroom. In order to better understand the professional and organizational context of news production, and the gender power relations in decision-making processes, we conducted a participant observation in two television newsrooms. Our approach involved a combination of methods, including overt observation itself, formal and informal interviews and the writing-up and analysis of our own diaries. Drawing insights in organizational sociology, we took newsroom practices to be a result of professional routines and socialization and focused on how women and men respond to newsroom dynamics and structures. We also analyzed the gendered organization of the newsmaking process and the subtle and/or obvious glass-ceiling obstacles often reported on. In our paper we address two levels of research: first, we look at our results and establish an overview of the patterns of continuity between the gendering of organizations, working conditions and professional journalist beliefs. At this level, the study not only interrogates how journalists handle views on gender and the practice of the profession but also highlights the structural inequalities in journalism and the pervasiveness of family–work tensions for female journalists. Secondly, we reflect on our observation method, and establish a critical assessment of the method itself. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title="gender">gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=journalism" title=" journalism"> journalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=participant%20observation" title=" participant observation"> participant observation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women" title=" women"> women</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31071/observing-the-observers-journalism-and-the-gendered-newsroom" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31071.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">354</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">47</span> Exploring Family and Preschool Early Interactive Literacy Practices in Jordan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rana%20Alkhamra">Rana Alkhamra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Child's earliest experiences with books and stories during the first years of his life are strongly linked with the development of his early language and literacy skills. Interacting in routine learning activities, such as shared book reading, storytelling, and teaching about the letters of the alphabet make a critical foundation for early learning, language growth and emergent literacy. Aim: The current study explores family and preschool early interactive literacy practices in families and preschools (nursery and kindergarten) in Jordan. It highlights the importance of early interactive literacy activities on child language and literacy growth and development. Methods: This is a cross sectional study that surveyed 243 Jordanian families. The survey investigated literacy routine practices, largely shared books reading, at home and at preschool; child speech and language development; and family demographics. Results: Around 92.5% of the families read books and stories to their children, as frequently as 1-2 times weekly or monthly (75%). Only 19.6% read books on daily basis. Many families reported preferring story-telling (97%). Despite that families acknowledged the importance of early literacy activities, on language, reading and writing, cognitive, and academic development, 45% asked for education and training pertaining to specific ways and ideas to help their young children develop language and literacy skills. About 69% of the families reported reading books and stories to their children for 15 minutes a day, while 71.2% indicated having their children watch television for 3 to > 6 hours a day. At preschool, only 52.8% of the teachers were reported to read books and stories. Factors like parent education, monthly income, living inside (33.6%) or outside (66.4%) the capital city of Amman significantly (p < 0.05) affected child early literacy interactive activities whether at home or at preschool. Conclusion: Early language and literacy skills depend largely on the opportunities and experiences provided to children in the home and in preschool environment. Family literacy programs can play an important role in bridging the gap in early literacy experiences for families that need help. Also, speech therapists can work in collaboration with families and educators to ensure that young children have high quality and sufficient opportunities to participate in early literacy activities both at home and in preschool environments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=literacy" title="literacy">literacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interactive%20activities" title=" interactive activities"> interactive activities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language" title=" language"> language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=practices" title=" practices"> practices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=family" title=" family"> family</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preschool" title=" preschool"> preschool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jordan" title=" Jordan"> Jordan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63882/exploring-family-and-preschool-early-interactive-literacy-practices-in-jordan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63882.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">449</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=television&page=5" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=television&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=television&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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