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digit</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: flexible digit"> <meta name="keywords" content="flexible digit"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="flexible digit"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1170</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: flexible digit</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1170</span> New Approaches for the Handwritten Digit Image Features Extraction for Recognition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U.%20Ravi%20Babu">U. Ravi Babu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Mastan"> Mohd Mastan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present paper proposes a novel approach for handwritten digit recognition system. The present paper extract digit image features based on distance measure and derives an algorithm to classify the digit images. The distance measure can be performing on the thinned image. Thinning is the one of the preprocessing technique in image processing. The present paper mainly concentrated on an extraction of features from digit image for effective recognition of the numeral. To find the effectiveness of the proposed method tested on MNIST database, CENPARMI, CEDAR, and newly collected data. The proposed method is implemented on more than one lakh digit images and it gets good comparative recognition results. The percentage of the recognition is achieved about 97.32%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=handwritten%20digit%20recognition" title="handwritten digit recognition">handwritten digit recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distance%20measure" title=" distance measure"> distance measure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MNIST%20database" title=" MNIST database"> MNIST database</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20features" title=" image features"> image features</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40518/new-approaches-for-the-handwritten-digit-image-features-extraction-for-recognition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40518.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">461</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1169</span> First Digit Lucas, Fibonacci and Benford Number in Financial Statement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teguh%20Sugiarto">Teguh Sugiarto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Mohamadian%20Amiri"> Amir Mohamadian Amiri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: This study aims to explore if there is fraud in the company's financial report distribution using the number first digit Lucas, Fibonacci and Benford. Research methods: In this study, the author uses a number model contained in the first digit of the model Lucas, Fibonacci and Benford, to make a distinction between implementation by using the scale above and below 5%, the rate of occurrence of a difference against the digit number contained on Lucas, Fibonacci and Benford. If there is a significant difference above and below 5%, then the process of follow-up and detection of occurrence of fraud against the financial statements can be made. Findings: From research that has been done can be concluded that the number of frequency levels contained in the financial statements of PT Bank BRI Tbk in a year in the same conscientious results for model Lucas, Fibonacci and Benford. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lucas" title="Lucas">Lucas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fibonacci" title=" Fibonacci"> Fibonacci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benford" title=" Benford"> Benford</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=first%20digit" title=" first digit"> first digit</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53272/first-digit-lucas-fibonacci-and-benford-number-in-financial-statement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53272.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">274</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1168</span> Tactile Sensory Digit Feedback for Cochlear Implant Electrode Insertion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusuf%20Bulale">Yusuf Bulale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mark%20Prince"> Mark Prince</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geoff%20Tansley"> Geoff Tansley</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Brett"> Peter Brett</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cochlear Implantation (CI) which became a routine procedure for the last decades is an electronic device that provides a sense of sound for patients who are severely and profoundly deaf. Today, cochlear implantation technology uses electrode array (EA) implanted manually into the cochlea. The optimal success of this implantation depends on the electrode technology and deep insertion techniques. However, this manual insertion procedure may cause mechanical trauma which can lead to a severe destruction of the delicate intracochlear structure. Accordingly, future improvement of the cochlear electrode implant insertion needs reduction of the excessive force application during the cochlear implantation which causes tissue damage and trauma. This study is examined tool-tissue interaction of large prototype scale digit embedded with distributive tactile sensor based upon cochlear electrode and large prototype scale cochlea phantom for simulating the human cochlear which could lead to small-scale digit requirements. The digit, distributive tactile sensors embedded with silicon-substrate was inserted into the cochlea phantom to measure any digit/phantom interaction and position of the digit in order to minimize tissue and trauma damage during the electrode cochlear insertion. The digit has provided tactile information from the digit-phantom insertion interaction such as contact status, tip penetration, obstacles, relative shape and location, contact orientation and multiple contacts. The tests demonstrated that even devices of such a relative simple design with low cost have a potential to improve cochlear implant surgery and other lumen mapping applications by providing tactile sensory feedback information and thus controlling the insertion through sensing and control of the tip of the implant during the insertion. In that approach, the surgeon could minimize the tissue damage and potential damage to the delicate structures within the cochlear caused by current manual electrode insertion of the cochlear implantation. This approach also can be applied to other minimally invasive surgery applications as well as diagnosis and path navigation procedures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cochlear%20electrode%20insertion" title="cochlear electrode insertion">cochlear electrode insertion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributive%20tactile%20sensory%20feedback%20information" title=" distributive tactile sensory feedback information"> distributive tactile sensory feedback information</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible%20digit" title=" flexible digit"> flexible digit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minimally%20invasive%20surgery" title=" minimally invasive surgery"> minimally invasive surgery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tool%2Ftissue%20interaction" title=" tool/tissue interaction"> tool/tissue interaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36707/tactile-sensory-digit-feedback-for-cochlear-implant-electrode-insertion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36707.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1167</span> Hull Detection from Handwritten Digit Image</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sriraman%20Kothuri">Sriraman Kothuri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Komal%20Teja%20Mattupalli"> Komal Teja Mattupalli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper we proposed a novel algorithm for recognizing hulls in a hand written digits. This is an extension to the work on “Digit Recognition Using Freeman Chain code”. In order to find out the hulls in a user given digit it is necessary to follow three steps. Those are pre-processing, Boundary Extraction and at last apply the Hull Detection system in a way to attain the better results. The detection of Hull Regions is mainly intended to increase the machine learning capability in detection of characters or digits. This can also extend this in order to get the hull regions and their intensities in Black Holes in Space Exploration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chain%20code" title="chain code">chain code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hull%20regions" title=" hull regions"> hull regions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hull%20recognition%20system" title=" hull recognition system"> hull recognition system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SASK%20algorithm" title=" SASK algorithm"> SASK algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15864/hull-detection-from-handwritten-digit-image" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15864.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">400</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1166</span> The Ratio of Second-to-Fourth Digit Length (2D:4D) and the Physical Ability in Men and Women</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marek%20Kociuba">Marek Kociuba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaros%C5%82aw%20Kurek"> Jarosław Kurek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: The digit length ratio (2D:4D) is generally higher in women compared to men. Lower 2D:4D is linked with greater physical ability, strength, and better sporting performance. Second-to-fourth digit lengths ratio (2D:4D) is an indicator of PT exposure. Lower 2D:4D indicates higher PT exposure and vice versa. Methods: The objectives of this paper were to investigate the relationship of 2D:4D with physical fitness in men and women. The study compared 137 female and 174 male students from Wrocław. Besides calculating 2D:4D for each hand, height and weight were also recorded. Assessment of physical fitness and endurance were performed through Eurofit tests. Handgrip strength was measured by a standardized isometric dynamometer. Results: Male participants had significantly lower 2D:4D than females on each hand. A weak relationship between 2D:4D and the results of strength tests was found. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2D%3A4D" title="2D:4D">2D:4D</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20fitness" title=" physical fitness"> physical fitness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prenatal%20testosterone" title=" prenatal testosterone"> prenatal testosterone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexual%20dimorphism" title=" sexual dimorphism"> sexual dimorphism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151606/the-ratio-of-second-to-fourth-digit-length-2d4d-and-the-physical-ability-in-men-and-women" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151606.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1165</span> Application First and Second Digits Number in the Benford Law</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teguh%20Sugiarto">Teguh Sugiarto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: This study aims to explore the fraud that occurred in the financial statements using the Benford distribution law of 1st and 2nd case study of PT AKR Corporindo Tbk. Research Methods: In this study the authors use the first digit of the analysis and the analysis of the second digit of Bedford’s law. Having obtained the results of the analysis of the first and second digits, authors will make the difference between implementations using the scale above and below 5%. The number that has the level of difference in the range of 5% above or below, then a financial report in may, to analyse in the followup to the direction of the audit investigation, and authors assume happens a confusion in the financial statements. Findings: From research done, we found that there was a difference in the results of the appearance of the first digit of the number with the proper use of Benford's law, according to PT AKR Corporindo financial reports Tbk for the fiscal year 2006-2010, above and below the level the difference in set 5%. Conclusions: From the research that has been done, it can be concluded that on PT AKR Corporindo financial report 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010, there is a level difference of appearance of numbers according to Benford's law is significant, as presented in the table analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benford%20law" title="Benford law">Benford law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=first%20digits" title=" first digits"> first digits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=second%20digits" title=" second digits"> second digits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indonesian%20company" title=" Indonesian company"> Indonesian company</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50147/application-first-and-second-digits-number-in-the-benford-law" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50147.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">427</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1164</span> The Influence of Emotion on Numerical Estimation: A Drone Operators’ Context</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ludovic%20Fabre">Ludovic Fabre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paola%20Melani"> Paola Melani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patrick%20Lemaire"> Patrick Lemaire</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The goal of this study was to test whether and how emotions influence drone operators in estimation skills. The empirical study was run in the context of numerical estimation. Participants saw a two-digit number together with a collection of cars. They had to indicate whether the stimuli collection was larger or smaller than the number. The two-digit numbers ranged from 12 to 27, and collections included 3-36 cars. The presentation of the collections was dynamic (each car moved 30 deg. per second on the right). Half the collections were smaller collections (including fewer than 20 cars), and the other collections were larger collections (i.e., more than 20 cars). Splits between the number of cars in a collection and the two-digit number were either small (± 1 or 2 units; e.g., the collection included 17 cars and the two-digit number was 19) or larger (± 8 or 9 units; e.g., 17 cars and '9'). Half the collections included more items (and half fewer items) than the number indicated by the two-digit number. Before and after each trial, participants saw an image inducing negative emotions (e.g., mutilations) or neutral emotions (e.g., candle) selected from International Affective Picture System (IAPS). At the end of each trial, participants had to say if the second picture was the same as or different from the first. Results showed different effects of emotions on RTs and percent errors. Participants’ performance was modulated by emotions. They were slower on negative trials compared to the neutral trials, especially on the most difficult items. They errored more on small-split than on large-split problems. Moreover, participants highly overestimated the number of cars when in a negative emotional state. These findings suggest that emotions influence numerical estimation, that effects of emotion in estimation interact with stimuli characteristics. They have important implications for understanding the role of emotions on estimation skills, and more generally, on how emotions influence cognition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drone%20operators" title="drone operators">drone operators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotion" title=" emotion"> emotion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20estimation" title=" numerical estimation"> numerical estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arithmetic" title=" arithmetic"> arithmetic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130421/the-influence-of-emotion-on-numerical-estimation-a-drone-operators-context" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130421.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">116</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1163</span> Median Versus Ulnar Medial Thenar Motor Recording in Diagnosis Of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emmanuel%20Kamal%20Aziz%20Saba">Emmanuel Kamal Aziz Saba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aim of the work: This study proposed to assess the role of the median versus ulnar medial thenar motor (MTM) recording in supporting the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Patients and methods: The present study included 130 hands (70 CTS and 60 controls). Clinical examination was done for all patients. The following tests were done (using surface electrodes recording) for patients and control: (1) sensory nerve conduction studies: median nerve, ulnar nerve and median versus ulnar digit four sensory study; (2) motor nerve conduction studies: median nerve, ulnar nerve, median (second lumbrical) versus ulnar (interosseous) (2-LINT) motor study and median versus ulnar (MTM) study. Results: The tests with higher sensitivity in diagnosing CTS were median versus ulnar (2-LINT) motor latency difference (87.1%), median versus ulnar (MTM) motor latency difference (80%) and median versus ulnar digit four sensory latency differences (91.4%). There was no statistically significant difference between median versus ulnar (MTM) motor latency difference with both median versus ulnar (2-LINT) motor latency difference and median versus ulnar digit four sensory latency difference (P > 0.05) as regards the confirmation of CTS. Conclusions: Median versus ulnar (MTM) motor latency difference has high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of CTS as for both median versus ulnar (2-LINT) motor latency difference and median versus ulnar digit four sensory latency differences. It can be considered a useful neurophysiological test to be used in combination with another median versus ulnar comparative tests for confirming the diagnosis of CTS beside other well-known electrophysiological tests. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carpal%20tunnel%20syndrome" title="carpal tunnel syndrome">carpal tunnel syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medial%20thenar%20motor" title=" medial thenar motor"> medial thenar motor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=median%20nerve" title=" median nerve"> median nerve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ulnar%20nerve" title=" ulnar nerve"> ulnar nerve</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29852/median-versus-ulnar-medial-thenar-motor-recording-in-diagnosis-of-carpal-tunnel-syndrome" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29852.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">443</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1162</span> Accurate HLA Typing at High-Digit Resolution from NGS Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yazhi%20Huang">Yazhi Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jing%20Yang"> Jing Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dingge%20Ying"> Dingge Ying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yan%20Zhang"> Yan Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vorasuk%20Shotelersuk"> Vorasuk Shotelersuk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nattiya%20Hirankarn"> Nattiya Hirankarn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pak%20Chung%20Sham"> Pak Chung Sham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu%20Lung%20Lau"> Yu Lung Lau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wanling%20Yang"> Wanling Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing from next generation sequencing (NGS) data has the potential for applications in clinical laboratories and population genetic studies. Here we introduce a novel technique for HLA typing from NGS data based on read-mapping using a comprehensive reference panel containing all known HLA alleles and de novo assembly of the gene-specific short reads. An accurate HLA typing at high-digit resolution was achieved when it was tested on publicly available NGS data, outperforming other newly-developed tools such as HLAminer and PHLAT. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20leukocyte%20antigens" title="human leukocyte antigens">human leukocyte antigens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=next%20generation%20sequencing" title=" next generation sequencing"> next generation sequencing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=whole%20exome%20sequencing" title=" whole exome sequencing"> whole exome sequencing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HLA%20typing" title=" HLA typing"> HLA typing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26433/accurate-hla-typing-at-high-digit-resolution-from-ngs-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26433.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">663</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1161</span> Mathematical Modeling of Switching Processes in Magnetically Controlled MEMS Switches</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergey%20M.%20Karabanov">Sergey M. Karabanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dmitry%20V.%20Suvorov"> Dmitry V. Suvorov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dmitry%20Yu.%20Tarabrin"> Dmitry Yu. Tarabrin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The operating principle of magnetically controlled microelectromechanical system (MEMS) switches is based on controlling the beam movement under the influence of a magnetic field. Currently, there is a MEMS switch design with a flexible ferromagnetic electrode in the form of a fixed-terminal beam, with an electrode fastened on a straight or cranked anchor. The basic performance characteristics of magnetically controlled MEMS switches (service life, sensitivity, contact resistance, fast response) are largely determined by the flexible electrode design. To ensure the stable and controlled motion of the flexible electrode, it is necessary to provide the optimal design of a flexible electrode. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible%20electrode" title="flexible electrode">flexible electrode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetically%20controlled%20MEMS" title=" magnetically controlled MEMS"> magnetically controlled MEMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20modeling" title=" mathematical modeling"> mathematical modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20stress" title=" mechanical stress"> mechanical stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99674/mathematical-modeling-of-switching-processes-in-magnetically-controlled-mems-switches" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99674.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">180</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1160</span> The Effects of the Aspect Ratio of a Flexible Cylinder on the Vortex Dynamics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abouzar%20Kaboudian">Abouzar Kaboudian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ravi%20Chaithanya%20Mysa"> Ravi Chaithanya Mysa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boo%20Cheong%20Khoo"> Boo Cheong Khoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajeev%20Kumar%20Jaiman"> Rajeev Kumar Jaiman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The vortex structures observed in the wake of a flexible cylinder can be significantly different from those of a traditional vibrating, spring mounted, rigid cylinder. These differences can significantly affect the VIV characteristics of the flow and subsequently the VIV response of the cylindrical structures. In this work, we present how the aspect ratio of a flexible cylinder can change the vortex structures in its wake. We will discuss different vortex dynamics which can be observed in the wake of the vibrating flexible cylinder, and how they can affect the vibrational response of the cylinder. Moreover, we will study the transition of these structures versus the aspect ratio of the flexible cylinder. We will discuss how these transitions affect the in-line and transverse forces on the structure. In the end, we will provide general guidelines on the minimum acceptable aspect ratio for the offshore riser studies which may have grave implications for future numerical and experimental works. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aspect%20ratio" title="aspect ratio">aspect ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible%20cylinder" title=" flexible cylinder"> flexible cylinder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vortex-shedding" title=" vortex-shedding"> vortex-shedding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VIV" title=" VIV"> VIV</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25475/the-effects-of-the-aspect-ratio-of-a-flexible-cylinder-on-the-vortex-dynamics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25475.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">488</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1159</span> Quality of Age Reporting from Tanzania 2012 Census Results: An Assessment Using Whipple’s Index, Myer’s Blended Index, and Age-Sex Accuracy Index</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Sathiya%20Susuman">A. Sathiya Susuman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamisi%20F.%20Hamisi"> Hamisi F. Hamisi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Many socio-economic and demographic data are age-sex attributed. However, a variety of irregularities and misstatement are noted with respect to age-related data and less to sex data because of its biological differences between the genders. Noting the misstatement/misreporting of age data regardless of its significance importance in demographics and epidemiological studies, this study aims at assessing the quality of 2012 Tanzania Population and Housing Census Results. Methods: Data for the analysis are downloaded from Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics. Age heaping and digit preference were measured using summary indices viz., Whipple’s index, Myers’ blended index, and Age-Sex Accuracy index. Results: The recorded Whipple’s index for both sexes was 154.43; male has the lowest index of about 152.65 while female has the highest index of about 156.07. For Myers’ blended index, the preferences were at digits ‘0’ and ‘5’ while avoidance were at digits ‘1’ and ‘3’ for both sexes. Finally, Age-sex index stood at 59.8 where sex ratio score was 5.82 and age ratio scores were 20.89 and 21.4 for males and female respectively. Conclusion: The evaluation of the 2012 PHC data using the demographic techniques has qualified the data inaccurate as the results of systematic heaping and digit preferences/avoidances. Thus, innovative methods in data collection along with measuring and minimizing errors using statistical techniques should be used to ensure accuracy of age data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=age%20heaping" title="age heaping">age heaping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digit%20preference%2Favoidance" title=" digit preference/avoidance"> digit preference/avoidance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=summary%20indices" title=" summary indices"> summary indices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Whipple%E2%80%99s%20index" title=" Whipple’s index"> Whipple’s index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myer%E2%80%99s%20index" title=" Myer’s index"> Myer’s index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=age-sex%20accuracy%20index" title=" age-sex accuracy index"> age-sex accuracy index</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25823/quality-of-age-reporting-from-tanzania-2012-census-results-an-assessment-using-whipples-index-myers-blended-index-and-age-sex-accuracy-index" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25823.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">476</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1158</span> The Impact of Sign Language on Generating and Maintaining a Mental Image</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi-Shiuan%20Chiu">Yi-Shiuan Chiu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Deaf signers have been found to have better mental image performance than hearing nonsigners. The goal of this study was to investigate the ability to generate mental images, to maintain them, and to manipulate them in deaf signers of Taiwanese Sign Language (TSL). In the visual image task, participants first memorized digits formed in a cell of 4 × 5 grids. After presenting a cue of Chinese digit character shown on the top of a blank cell, participants had to form a corresponding digit. When showing a probe, which was a grid containing a red circle, participants had to decide as quickly as possible whether the probe would have been covered by the mental image of the digit. The ISI (interstimulus interval) between cue and probe was manipulated. In experiment 1, 24 deaf signers and 24 hearing nonsigners were asked to perform image generation tasks (ISI: 200, 400 ms) and image maintenance tasks (ISI: 800, 2000 ms). The results showed that deaf signers had had an enhanced ability to generate and maintain a mental image. To explore the process of mental image, in experiment 2, 30 deaf signers and 30 hearing nonsigners were asked to do visual searching when maintaining a mental image. Between a digit image cue and a red circle probe, participants were asked to search a visual search task to see if a target triangle apex was directed to the right or left. When there was only one triangle in the searching task, the results showed that both deaf signers and hearing non-signers had similar visual searching performance in which the searching targets in the mental image locations got facilitates. However, deaf signers could maintain better and faster mental image performance than nonsigners. In experiment 3, we increased the number of triangles to 4 to raise the difficulty of the visual search task. The results showed that deaf participants performed more accurately in visual search and image maintenance tasks. The results suggested that people may use eye movements as a mnemonic strategy to maintain the mental image. And deaf signers had enhanced abilities to resist the interference of eye movements in the situation of fewer distractors. In sum, these findings suggested that deaf signers had enhanced mental image processing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deaf%20signers" title="deaf signers">deaf signers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20maintain" title=" image maintain"> image maintain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mental%20image" title=" mental image"> mental image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20search" title=" visual search"> visual search</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104952/the-impact-of-sign-language-on-generating-and-maintaining-a-mental-image" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104952.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1157</span> Research on the Application of Flexible and Programmable Systems in Electronic Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Xiaodong">Yang Xiaodong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article explores the application and structural characteristics of flexible and programmable systems in electronic systems, with a focus on analyzing their advantages and architectural differences in dealing with complex environments. By introducing mathematical models and simulation experiments, the performance of dynamic module combination in flexible systems and fixed path selection in programmable systems in resource utilization and performance optimization was demonstrated. This article also discusses the mutual transformation between the two in practical applications and proposes a solution to improve system flexibility and performance through dynamic reconfiguration technology. This study provides theoretical reference for the design and optimization of flexible and programmable systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexibility" title="flexibility">flexibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=programmable" title=" programmable"> programmable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20systems" title=" electronic systems"> electronic systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system%20architecture" title=" system architecture"> system architecture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193856/research-on-the-application-of-flexible-and-programmable-systems-in-electronic-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193856.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">9</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1156</span> A Method for Modeling Flexible Manipulators: Transfer Matrix Method with Finite Segments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haijie%20Li">Haijie Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xuping%20Zhang"> Xuping Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a computationally efficient method for the modeling of robot manipulators with flexible links and joints. This approach combines the Discrete Time Transfer Matrix Method with the Finite Segment Method, in which the flexible links are discretized by a number of rigid segments connected by torsion springs; and the flexibility of joints are modeled by torsion springs. The proposed method avoids the global dynamics and has the advantage of modeling non-uniform manipulators. Experiments and simulations of a single-link flexible manipulator are conducted for verifying the proposed methodologies. The simulations of a three-link robot arm with links and joints flexibility are also performed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible%20manipulator" title="flexible manipulator">flexible manipulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transfer%20matrix%20method" title=" transfer matrix method"> transfer matrix method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linearization" title=" linearization"> linearization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20segment%20method" title=" finite segment method"> finite segment method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51465/a-method-for-modeling-flexible-manipulators-transfer-matrix-method-with-finite-segments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51465.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">429</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1155</span> Influence of Flexible Plate's Contour on Dynamic Behavior of High Speed Flexible Coupling of Combat Aircraft</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dineshsingh%20Thakur">Dineshsingh Thakur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Nagesh"> S. Nagesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Basha"> J. Basha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A lightweight High Speed Flexible Coupling (HSFC) is used to connect the Engine Gear Box (EGB) with an Accessory Gear Box (AGB) of the combat aircraft. The HSFC transmits the power at high speeds ranging from 10000 to 18000 rpm from the EGB to AGB. The HSFC is also accommodates larger misalignments resulting from thermal expansion of the aircraft engine and mounting arrangement. The HSFC has the series of metallic contoured annular thin cross-sectioned flexible plates to accommodate the misalignments. The flexible plates are accommodating the misalignment by the elastic material flexure. As the HSFC operates at higher speed, the flexural and axial resonance frequencies are to be kept away from the operating speed and proper prediction is required to prevent failure in the transmission line of a single engine fighter aircraft. To study the influence of flexible plate’s contour on the lateral critical speed (LCS) of HSFC, a mathematical model of HSFC as a elven rotor system is developed. The flexible plate being the bending member of the system, its bending stiffness which results from the contoured governs the LCS. Using transfer matrix method, Influence of various flexible plate contours on critical speed is analyzed. In the above analysis, the support bearing flexibility on critical speed prediction is also considered. Based on the study, a model is built with the optimum contour of flexible plate, for validation by experimental modal analysis. A good correlation between the theoretical prediction and model behavior is observed. From the study, it is found that the flexible plate’s contour is playing vital role in modification of system’s dynamic behavior and the present model can be extended for the development of similar type of flexible couplings for its computational simplicity and reliability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible%20rotor" title="flexible rotor">flexible rotor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20speed" title=" critical speed"> critical speed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experimental%20modal%20analysis" title=" experimental modal analysis"> experimental modal analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20speed%20flexible%20coupling%20%28HSFC%29" title=" high speed flexible coupling (HSFC)"> high speed flexible coupling (HSFC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=misalignment" title=" misalignment "> misalignment </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42547/influence-of-flexible-plates-contour-on-dynamic-behavior-of-high-speed-flexible-coupling-of-combat-aircraft" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42547.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">215</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1154</span> Study of the Effect of Rotation on the Deformation of a Flexible Blade Rotor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aref%20Maalej">Aref Maalej</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marwa%20Fakhfakh"> Marwa Fakhfakh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wael%20Ben%20Amira"> Wael Ben Amira</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We present in this work a numerical investigation of fluid-structure interaction to study the elastic behavior of flexible rotors. The principal aim is to provide the effect of the aero/hydrodynamic parameters on the bending deformation of flexible rotors. This study is accomplished using the strong two-way fluid-structure interaction (FSI) developed by the ANSYS Workbench software. This method is used for coupling the fluid solver to the transient structural solver to study the elastic behavior of flexible rotors in water. In this study, we use a moderately flexible rotor modeled by a single blade with simplified rectangular geometry. In this work, we focus on the effect of the rotational frequency on the flapwise bending deformation. It is demonstrated that the blade deforms in the downstream direction, and the amplitude of these deformations increases with the rotational frequencies. Also, from a critical frequency, the blade begins to deform in the upstream direction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title="numerical simulation">numerical simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible%20blade" title=" flexible blade"> flexible blade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluid-structure%20interaction" title=" fluid-structure interaction"> fluid-structure interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANSYS%20workbench" title=" ANSYS workbench"> ANSYS workbench</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flapwise%20deformation" title=" flapwise deformation"> flapwise deformation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169091/study-of-the-effect-of-rotation-on-the-deformation-of-a-flexible-blade-rotor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169091.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1153</span> A Compact Wearable Slot Antenna for LTE and WLAN Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haider%20K.%20Raad">Haider K. Raad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a compact wide-band, ultra-thin and flexible slot antenna intended for wearable applications is presented. The presented antenna is designed to provide Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and Long Term Evolution (LTE) connectivity. The presented design exhibits a relatively wide bandwidth (1600-3500 MHz below -6 dB impedance bandwidth limit). The antenna is positioned on a 33 mm x 30 mm flexible substrate with a thickness of 50 µm. Antenna properties, such as the far-field radiation patterns, scattering parameter <em>S</em><sub>11</sub> are provided. The presented compact, thin and flexible design along with excellent radiation characteristics are deemed suitable for integration into flexible and wearable devices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wearable%20electronics" title="wearable electronics">wearable electronics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slot%20Antenna" title=" slot Antenna"> slot Antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LTE" title=" LTE"> LTE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WLAN" title=" WLAN"> WLAN</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56808/a-compact-wearable-slot-antenna-for-lte-and-wlan-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56808.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">234</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1152</span> The Ratio of Second to Fourth Digit Length Correlates with Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Male College Students Men but Not in Female</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheng-Chen%20Hsu">Cheng-Chen Hsu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The ratio of the length of the second finger (index finger, 2D) to the fourth finger (ring finger, 4D) (2D:4D) is a putative marker of prenatal hormones. A low 2D:4D ratio is related to high prenatal testosterone (PT) levels. Physiological research has suggested that a low 2D:4D ratio is correlated with high sports ability. Aim: To examine the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and 2D:4D. Methods: Assessment of 2D:4D; Images of hands were collected from participants using a computer scanner. Hands were placed lightly on the surface of the plate. Image analysis was performed using Image-Pro Plus 5.0 software. Feature points were marked at the tip of the finger and at the center of the proximal crease on the second and fourth digits. Actual measurement was carried out automatically, 2D:4D was calculated by dividing 2nd by 4th digit length. YMCA 3-min Step Test; The test involves stepping up and down at a rate of 24 steps/min for 3 min; a tape recording of the correct cadence (96 beats/min) is played to assist the participant in keeping the correct pace. Following the step test, the participant immediately sits down and, within 5 s, the tester starts counting the pulse for 1 min. The score for the test, the total 1-min postexercise heart rate, reflects the heart’s ability to recover quickly. Statistical Analysis ; Pearson’s correlation (r) was used for assessing the relationship between age, physical measurements, one-minute heart rate after YMCA 3-minute step test (HR) and 2D:4D. An independent-sample t-test was used for determining possible differences in HR between subjects with low and high values of 2D:4D. All statistical analyses were carried out with SPSS 18 for Window. All P-values were two-tailed at P = 0.05, if not reported otherwise. Results: A median split by 2D:4D was applied, resulting in a high and a low group. One-minute heart rate after YMCA 3-minute step test was significantly difference between groups of male right-hand 2D:4D (p = 0.024). However, no difference in left-hand 2D:4D values between groups in male, and no digit ratio difference between groups in female. Conclusion: The results showed that cardiopulmonary fitness is related to right 2D:4D, only in men. We argue that prenatal testosterone may have an effect on cardiorespiratory fitness in male but not in female. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=college%20students" title="college students">college students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digit%20ratio" title=" digit ratio"> digit ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finger" title=" finger"> finger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=step%20test" title=" step test"> step test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fitness" title=" fitness"> fitness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38489/the-ratio-of-second-to-fourth-digit-length-correlates-with-cardiorespiratory-fitness-in-male-college-students-men-but-not-in-female" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38489.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">275</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1151</span> Features Vector Selection for the Recognition of the Fragmented Handwritten Numeric Chains </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salim%20Ouchtati">Salim Ouchtati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aissa%20Belmeguenai"> Aissa Belmeguenai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mouldi%20Bedda"> Mouldi Bedda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, we propose an offline system for the recognition of the fragmented handwritten numeric chains. Firstly, we realized a recognition system of the isolated handwritten digits, in this part; the study is based mainly on the evaluation of neural network performances, trained with the gradient backpropagation algorithm. The used parameters to form the input vector of the neural network are extracted from the binary images of the isolated handwritten digit by several methods: the distribution sequence, sondes application, the Barr features, and the centered moments of the different projections and profiles. Secondly, the study is extended for the reading of the fragmented handwritten numeric chains constituted of a variable number of digits. The vertical projection was used to segment the numeric chain at isolated digits and every digit (or segment) was presented separately to the entry of the system achieved in the first part (recognition system of the isolated handwritten digits). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=features%20extraction" title="features extraction">features extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=handwritten%20numeric%20chains" title=" handwritten numeric chains"> handwritten numeric chains</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20processing" title=" image processing"> image processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20networks" title=" neural networks"> neural networks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50905/features-vector-selection-for-the-recognition-of-the-fragmented-handwritten-numeric-chains" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50905.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">265</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1150</span> Garment Industry Development in South East Asia and Competitiveness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Nayak">P. Nayak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shakeel%20Shaikh"> Shakeel Shaikh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we analyse the apparel export performance of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in the world market. The study covers the 2003-2012 period at the sector as well as product levels (6 digit HS) and analysis is based HS 2002 nomenclature. We measure export similarity among Southeast Asian nations for the apparel sector (two digit HS-61 & 62), besides analysing the products performance in the world through Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) technique. Coupled with RCA, the price as a factor of competitiveness was examined from the available Unit Value Realizations (UVR). Further to this, the resource availability or outsourced from the region was considered as an extension to the analysis of competitiveness between the nations. With the help of these methodologies, we examine the degree of competition between the exports of southeast nations in the world market. Our results show that Cambodia, Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam are well performing states within ASEAN. The paper further delves into sustainability of the export performing countries within ASEAN. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=export%20competitiveness" title="export competitiveness">export competitiveness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=export%20similarity%20index" title=" export similarity index"> export similarity index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=revealed%20comparative%20advantage" title=" revealed comparative advantage"> revealed comparative advantage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unit%20value%20realisation" title=" unit value realisation"> unit value realisation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7090/garment-industry-development-in-south-east-asia-and-competitiveness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7090.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">285</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1149</span> Thin Film Thermoelectric Generator with Flexible Phase Change Material-Based Heatsink</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wu%20Peiqin">Wu Peiqin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Flexible thermoelectric devices are light and flexible, which can be in close contact with any shape of heat source surfaces to minimize heat loss and achieve efficient energy conversion. Among the wide application fields, energy harvesting via flexible thermoelectric generators can adapt to a variety of curved heat sources (such as human body, circular tubes, and surfaces of different shapes) and can drive low-power electronic devices, exhibiting one of the most promising technologies in self-powered systems. The heat flux along the cross-section of the flexible thin-film generator is limited by the thickness, so the temperature difference decreases during the generation process, and the output power is low. At present, most of the heat flow directions of the thin film thermoelectric generator are along the thin-film plane; however, this method is not suitable for attaching to the human body surface to generate electricity. In order to make the film generator more suitable for thermoelectric generation, it is necessary to apply a flexible heatsink on the air sides with the film to maintain the temperature difference. In this paper, Bismuth telluride thermoelectric paste was deposited on polyimide flexible substrate by a screen printing method, and the flexible thermoelectric film was formed after drying. There are ten pairs of thermoelectric legs. The size of the thermoelectric leg is 20 x 2 x 0.1 mm, and adjacent thermoelectric legs are spaced 2 mm apart. A phase change material-based flexible heatsink was designed and fabricated. The flexible heatsink consists of n-octadecane, polystyrene, and expanded graphite. N-octadecane was used as the thermal storage material, polystyrene as the supporting material, and expanded graphite as the thermally conductive additive. The thickness of the flexible phase change material-based heatsink is 2mm. A thermoelectric performance testing platform was built, and its output performance was tested. The results show that the system can generate an open-circuit output voltage of 3.89 mV at a temperature difference of 10K, which is higher than the generator without a heatsink. Therefore, the flexible heatsink can increase the temperature difference between the two ends of the film and improve the output performance of the flexible film generator. This result promotes the application of the film thermoelectric generator in collecting human heat for power generation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible%20thermoelectric%20generator" title="flexible thermoelectric generator">flexible thermoelectric generator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=screen%20printing" title=" screen printing"> screen printing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCM" title=" PCM"> PCM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible%20heatsink" title=" flexible heatsink"> flexible heatsink</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133649/thin-film-thermoelectric-generator-with-flexible-phase-change-material-based-heatsink" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133649.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">101</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1148</span> Modeling Dynamics and Control of Transversal Vibration of an Underactuated Flexible Plate Using Controlled Lagrangian Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmood%20Khalghollah">Mahmood Khalghollah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Tavallaeinejad"> Mohammad Tavallaeinejad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Eghtesad"> Mohammad Eghtesad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The method of Controlled Lagrangian is an energy shaping control technique for under actuated Lagrangian systems. Energy shaping control design methods are appealing as they retain the underlying nonlinear dynamics and can provide stability results that hold over larger domain than can be obtained using linear design and analysis. In the present study, controlled lagrangian is employed for designing a controller in an under actuated rotating flexible plate system. In the system of rotating flexible plate, due to its nonlinear characteristics and coupled dynamics of rigid and flexible components, controller design is a known challenge. In this paper, controller objectives are considered to be vibration reduction of flexible component and position control of the tip of the plate. To achieve the goals, a method based on both kinetic and potential energy shaping is introduced. The stability of the closed-loop system is investigated and proved around its equilibrium points. Moreover, the proposed controller is shown to be robust against disturbance and plant uncertainties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=controlled%20lagrangian" title="controlled lagrangian">controlled lagrangian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underactuated%20system" title=" underactuated system"> underactuated system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible%20rotating%20plate" title=" flexible rotating plate"> flexible rotating plate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disturbance" title=" disturbance"> disturbance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26345/modeling-dynamics-and-control-of-transversal-vibration-of-an-underactuated-flexible-plate-using-controlled-lagrangian-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26345.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">446</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1147</span> Optimization of a Flexible Thermoelectric Generator for Energy Harvesting from Human Skin to Power Wearable Electronics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dessalegn%20Abera%20Waktole">Dessalegn Abera Waktole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boru%20Jia"> Boru Jia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhengxing%20Zuo"> Zhengxing Zuo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Wang"> Wei Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nianling%20Kuang"> Nianling Kuang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A flexible thermoelectric generator is one method for recycling waste heat. This research provides the optimum performance of a flexible thermoelectric generator with optimal geometric parameters and a detailed structural design. In this research, a numerical simulation and experiment were carried out to develop an efficient, flexible thermoelectric generator for energy harvesting from human skin. Heteromorphic electrodes and a polyimide substrate with a copper-printed circuit board were introduced into the structural design of a flexible thermoelectric generator. The heteromorphic electrode was used as a heat sink and component of a flexible thermoelectric generator to enhance the temperature difference within the thermoelectric legs. Both N-type and P-type thermoelectric legs were made of bismuth selenium telluride (Bi1.7Te3.7Se0.3) and bismuth antimony telluride (Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3). The output power of the flexible thermoelectric generator was analyzed under different heat source temperatures and heat dissipation conditions. The COMSOL Multiphysics 5.6 software was used to conduct the simulation, which was validated by experiment. It is recorded that the maximum power output of 232.064μW was obtained by considering different wind speed conditions, the ambient temperature of 20℃, and the heat source temperature of 36℃ under various load resistance conditions, which range from 0.24Ω to 0. 91Ω. According to this finding, heteromorphic electrodes have a significant impact on the performance of the device. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible%20thermoelectric%20generator" title="flexible thermoelectric generator">flexible thermoelectric generator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20gradient" title=" temperature gradient"> temperature gradient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20heat%20recovery" title=" waste heat recovery"> waste heat recovery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170955/optimization-of-a-flexible-thermoelectric-generator-for-energy-harvesting-from-human-skin-to-power-wearable-electronics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170955.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1146</span> Design and Analysis of Flexible Slider Crank Mechanism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thanh-Phong%20Dao">Thanh-Phong Dao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shyh-Chour%20Huang"> Shyh-Chour Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study presents the optimal design and formulation of a kinematic model of a flexible slider crank mechanism. The objective of the proposed innovative design is to take extra advantage of the compliant mechanism and maximize the fatigue life by applying the Taguchi method. A formulated kinematic model is developed using a Pseudo-Rigid-Body Model (PRBM). By means of mathematic models, the kinematic behaviors of the flexible slider crank mechanism are captured using MATLAB software. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is used to show the stress distribution. The results show that the optimal shape of the flexible hinge includes a force of 8.5N, a width of 9mm and a thickness of 1.1mm. Analysis of variance shows that the thickness of the proposed hinge is the most significant parameter, with an F test of 15.5. Finally, a prototype is manufactured to prepare for testing the kinematic and dynamic behaviors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinematic%20behavior" title="kinematic behavior">kinematic behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigue%20life" title=" fatigue life"> fatigue life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pseudo-rigid-body%20model" title=" pseudo-rigid-body model"> pseudo-rigid-body model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible%20slider%20crank%20mechanism" title=" flexible slider crank mechanism"> flexible slider crank mechanism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4242/design-and-analysis-of-flexible-slider-crank-mechanism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4242.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">459</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1145</span> A Hybrid Hopfield Neural Network for Dynamic Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Problems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aydin%20Teymourifar">Aydin Teymourifar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gurkan%20Ozturk"> Gurkan Ozturk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a new hybrid Hopfield neural network is proposed for the dynamic, flexible job shop scheduling problem. A new heuristic based and easy to implement energy function is designed for the Hopfield neural network, which penalizes the constraints violation and decreases makespan. Moreover, for enhancing the performance, several heuristics are integrated to it that achieve active, and non-delay schedules also, prevent early convergence of the neural network. The suggested algorithm that is designed as a generalization of the previous studies for the flexible and dynamic scheduling problems can be used for solving real scheduling problems. Comparison of the presented hybrid method results with the previous studies results proves its efficiency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20flexible%20job%20shop%20scheduling" title="dynamic flexible job shop scheduling">dynamic flexible job shop scheduling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20network" title=" neural network"> neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heuristics" title=" heuristics"> heuristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constrained%20optimization" title=" constrained optimization"> constrained optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72143/a-hybrid-hopfield-neural-network-for-dynamic-flexible-job-shop-scheduling-problems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72143.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">418</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1144</span> Load Maximization of Two-Link Flexible Manipulator Using Suppression Vibration with Piezoelectric Transducer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamidreza%20Heidari">Hamidreza Heidari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdollah%20Malmir%20Nasab"> Abdollah Malmir Nasab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the energy equations of a two-link flexible manipulator were extracted using the Euler-Bernoulli beam hypotheses. Applying Assumed mode and considering some finite degrees of freedom, we could obtain dynamic motions of each manipulator using Euler-Lagrange equations. Using its claws, the robots can carry a certain load with the ached control of vibrations for robot flexible links during the travelling path using the piezoceramics transducer; dynamic load carrying capacity increase. The traveling path of flexible robot claw has been taken from that of equivalent rigid manipulator and coupled; therefore to avoid the role of Euler-Bernoulli beam assumptions and linear strains, material and physical characteristics selection of robot cause deflection of link ends not exceed 5% of link length. To do so, the maximum load carrying capacity of robot is calculated at the horizontal plan. The increasing of robot load carrying capacity with vibration control is 53%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible%20link" title="flexible link">flexible link</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DLCC" title=" DLCC"> DLCC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20control%20vibration" title=" active control vibration"> active control vibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assumed%20mode%20method" title=" assumed mode method"> assumed mode method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54871/load-maximization-of-two-link-flexible-manipulator-using-suppression-vibration-with-piezoelectric-transducer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54871.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">396</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1143</span> The Realization of a System’s State Space Based on Markov Parameters by Using Flexible Neural Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Isapour">Ali Isapour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramin%20Nateghi"> Ramin Nateghi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> — Markov parameters are unique parameters of the system and remain unchanged under similarity transformations. Markov parameters from a power series that is convergent only if the system matrix’s eigenvalues are inside the unity circle. Therefore, Markov parameters of a stable discrete-time system are convergent. In this study, we aim to realize the system based on Markov parameters by using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), and this end, we use Flexible Neural Networks. Realization means determining the elements of matrices A, B, C, and D. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Markov%20parameters" title="Markov parameters">Markov parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=realization" title=" realization"> realization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activation%20function" title=" activation function"> activation function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible%20neural%20network" title=" flexible neural network"> flexible neural network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119535/the-realization-of-a-systems-state-space-based-on-markov-parameters-by-using-flexible-neural-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119535.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1142</span> A Framework of Dynamic Rule Selection Method for Dynamic Flexible Job Shop Problem by Reinforcement Learning Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rui%20Wu">Rui Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the volatile modern manufacturing environment, new orders randomly occur at any time, while the pre-emptive methods are infeasible. This leads to a real-time scheduling method that can produce a reasonably good schedule quickly. The dynamic Flexible Job Shop problem is an NP-hard scheduling problem that hybrid the dynamic Job Shop problem with the Parallel Machine problem. A Flexible Job Shop contains different work centres. Each work centre contains parallel machines that can process certain operations. Many algorithms, such as genetic algorithms or simulated annealing, have been proposed to solve the static Flexible Job Shop problems. However, the time efficiency of these methods is low, and these methods are not feasible in a dynamic scheduling problem. Therefore, a dynamic rule selection scheduling system based on the reinforcement learning method is proposed in this research, in which the dynamic Flexible Job Shop problem is divided into several parallel machine problems to decrease the complexity of the dynamic Flexible Job Shop problem. Firstly, the features of jobs, machines, work centres, and flexible job shops are selected to describe the status of the dynamic Flexible Job Shop problem at each decision point in each work centre. Secondly, a framework of reinforcement learning algorithm using a double-layer deep Q-learning network is applied to select proper composite dispatching rules based on the status of each work centre. Then, based on the selected composite dispatching rule, an available operation is selected from the waiting buffer and assigned to an available machine in each work centre. Finally, the proposed algorithm will be compared with well-known dispatching rules on objectives of mean tardiness, mean flow time, mean waiting time, or mean percentage of waiting time in the real-time Flexible Job Shop problem. The result of the simulations proved that the proposed framework has reasonable performance and time efficiency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20scheduling%20problem" title="dynamic scheduling problem">dynamic scheduling problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible%20job%20shop" title=" flexible job shop"> flexible job shop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispatching%20rules" title=" dispatching rules"> dispatching rules</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20reinforcement%20learning" title=" deep reinforcement learning"> deep reinforcement learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159322/a-framework-of-dynamic-rule-selection-method-for-dynamic-flexible-job-shop-problem-by-reinforcement-learning-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159322.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">108</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1141</span> Pavement Failures and Its Maintenance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maulik%20L.%20Sisodia">Maulik L. Sisodia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tirth%20K.%20Raval"> Tirth K. Raval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aarsh%20S.%20Mistry"> Aarsh S. Mistry</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper summarizes the ongoing researches about the defects in both flexible and rigid pavement and the maintenance in both flexible and rigid pavements. Various defects in pavements have been identified since the existence of both flexible and rigid pavement. Flexible Pavement failure is defined in terms of decreasing serviceability caused by the development of cracks, ruts, potholes etc. Flexible Pavement structure can be destroyed in a single season due to water penetration. Defects in flexible pavements is a problem of multiple dimensions, phenomenal growth of vehicular traffic (in terms of no. of axle loading of commercial vehicles), the rapid expansion in the road network, non-availability of suitable technology, material, equipment, skilled labor and poor funds allocation have all added complexities to the problem of flexible pavements. In rigid pavements due to different type of destress the failure like joint spalling, faulting, shrinkage cracking, punch out, corner break etc. Application of correction in the existing surface will enhance the life of maintenance works as well as that of strengthening layer. Maintenance of a road network involves a variety of operations, i.e., identification of deficiencies and planning, programming and scheduling for actual implementation in the field and monitoring. The essential objective should be to keep the road surface and appurtenances in good condition and to extend the life of the road assets to its design life. The paper describes lessons learnt from pavement failures and problems experienced during the last few years on a number of projects in India. Broadly, the activities include identification of defects and the possible cause there off, determination of appropriate remedial measures; implement these in the field and monitoring of the results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Flexible%20Pavements" title="Flexible Pavements">Flexible Pavements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rigid%20Pavements" title=" Rigid Pavements"> Rigid Pavements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Defects" title=" Defects"> Defects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maintenance" title=" Maintenance"> Maintenance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120797/pavement-failures-and-its-maintenance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120797.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info 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