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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Matchmaker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Matchmaker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Matchmaker </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Matchmaker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Widowhood_and_queen-dowager" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Widowhood_and_queen-dowager"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Widowhood and queen-dowager </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Widowhood_and_queen-dowager-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Widowhood and queen-dowager subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Widowhood_and_queen-dowager-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Aftermath_of_Frederick's_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath_of_Frederick's_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Aftermath of Frederick's death </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath_of_Frederick's_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regency_of_the_duchies_and_conflicts_with_the_council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regency_of_the_duchies_and_conflicts_with_the_council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Regency of the duchies and conflicts with the council </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regency_of_the_duchies_and_conflicts_with_the_council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dismissal_as_regent_and_mediator" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dismissal_as_regent_and_mediator"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Dismissal as regent and mediator </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dismissal_as_regent_and_mediator-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landowner_and_successful_entrepreneur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landowner_and_successful_entrepreneur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Landowner and successful entrepreneur </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landowner_and_successful_entrepreneur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_influence_as_widow" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_influence_as_widow"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Political influence as widow </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_influence_as_widow-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Later life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death,_fortune_and_inheritance_disputes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death,_fortune_and_inheritance_disputes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Death, fortune and inheritance disputes </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Death,_fortune_and_inheritance_disputes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Death, fortune and inheritance disputes subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Death,_fortune_and_inheritance_disputes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fortune_and_inheritance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fortune_and_inheritance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Fortune and inheritance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fortune_and_inheritance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Claims_and_disputes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Claims_and_disputes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Claims and disputes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Claims_and_disputes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Character_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Character_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Character and legacy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Character_and_legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Character and legacy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Character_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Contemporary_and_historical_portrayal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_and_historical_portrayal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Contemporary and historical portrayal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_and_historical_portrayal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_characterization_and_reappraisals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_characterization_and_reappraisals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Modern characterization and reappraisals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_characterization_and_reappraisals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Interests </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Issue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Issue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Issue </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Issue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancestry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancestry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Ancestry </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancestry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" > 35 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%83%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%BA-%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88" title="صوفي من مكلنبورغ-غوسترو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صوفي من مكلنبورغ-غوسترو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%81%DB%8C_%D9%85%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%82" title="زوفی مکلنبورق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="زوفی مکلنبورق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_(1557%E2%80%931631)" title="София фон Мекленбург (1557–1631) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="София фон Мекленбург (1557–1631)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_von_Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" title="Sophie von Mecklenburg-Güstrow – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Sophie von Mecklenburg-Güstrow" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofia_de_Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" title="Sofia de Mecklenburg-Güstrow – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sofia de Mecklenburg-Güstrow" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDofie_Meklenbursk%C3%A1" title="Žofie Meklenburská – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Žofie Meklenburská" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_af_Mecklenburg" title="Sophie af Mecklenburg – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sophie af Mecklenburg" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_von_Mecklenburg_(1557%E2%80%931631)" title="Sophie von Mecklenburg (1557–1631) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sophie von Mecklenburg (1557–1631)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%86%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%85-%CE%93%CE%BA%CF%8D%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF" title="Σοφία του Μεκλεμβούργου-Γκύστρο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σοφία του Μεκλεμβούργου-Γκύστρο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sof%C3%ADa_de_Mecklemburgo-G%C3%BCstrow" title="Sofía de Mecklemburgo-Güstrow – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sofía de Mecklemburgo-Güstrow" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofia_Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrowekoa" title="Sofia Mecklenburg-Güstrowekoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sofia Mecklenburg-Güstrowekoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%81%DB%8C_%D9%85%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="زوفی مکلنبورگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زوفی مکلنبورگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_de_Mecklembourg-G%C3%BCstrow" title="Sophie de Mecklembourg-Güstrow – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sophie de Mecklembourg-Güstrow" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%ED%94%BC_%EC%B6%94_%EB%A9%94%ED%81%B4%EB%A0%8C%EB%B6%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EA%B7%80%EC%8A%88%ED%8A%B8%EB%A1%9C%ED%94%84_%EA%B3%B5%EB%85%80" title="조피 추 메클렌부르크귀슈트로프 공녀 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="조피 추 메클렌부르크귀슈트로프 공녀" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofia_di_Meclemburgo-G%C3%BCstrow" title="Sofia di Meclemburgo-Güstrow – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sofia di Meclemburgo-Güstrow" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92-%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95" title="סופיה ממקלנבורג-גיסטרו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סופיה ממקלנבורג-גיסטרו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%90_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92-%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="სოფია მეკლენბურგ-გიუსტროველი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სოფია მეკლენბურგ-გიუსტროველი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%93klenburgas-Gistrovas_Sofija" title="Mēklenburgas-Gistrovas Sofija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mēklenburgas-Gistrovas Sofija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecklenburgi_Zs%C3%B3fia_d%C3%A1n_kir%C3%A1lyn%C3%A9" title="Mecklenburgi Zsófia dán királyné – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mecklenburgi Zsófia dán királyné" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81%D9%89_%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%83%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88" title="صوفى من مكلنبورج جوسترو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="صوفى من مكلنبورج جوسترو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophia_van_Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" title="Sophia van Mecklenburg-Güstrow – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sophia van Mecklenburg-Güstrow" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BE%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A1%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AF" title="ゾフィー・フォン・メクレンブルク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ゾフィー・フォン・メクレンブルク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_av_Mecklenburg" title="Sophie av Mecklenburg – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sophie av Mecklenburg" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_av_Mecklenburg" title="Sophie av Mecklenburg – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sophie av Mecklenburg" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zofia_meklemburska" title="Zofia meklemburska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zofia meklemburska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofia_de_Meclemburgo-G%C3%BCstrow" title="Sofia de Meclemburgo-Güstrow – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sofia de Meclemburgo-Güstrow" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_de_Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" title="Sophie de Mecklenburg-Güstrow – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sophie de Mecklenburg-Güstrow" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3-%D0%93%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="София Мекленбург-Гюстровская – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="София Мекленбург-Гюстровская" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a 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searchaux" style="display:none">Queen of Denmark and Norway from 1572 to 1588</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people with similar names, see <a href="/wiki/Sophie_of_Mecklenburg_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Sophie of Mecklenburg (disambiguation)">Sophie of Mecklenburg (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><a href="/wiki/File:Sophiemecklenburgdenmark.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Sophiemecklenburgdenmark.jpg/240px-Sophiemecklenburgdenmark.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Sophiemecklenburgdenmark.jpg/360px-Sophiemecklenburgdenmark.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Sophiemecklenburgdenmark.jpg/480px-Sophiemecklenburgdenmark.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1516" data-file-height="1976" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Portrait by <a href="/wiki/Hans_Knieper" title="Hans Knieper">Hans Knieper</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1572 <a href="/wiki/Rosenborg_Castle" title="Rosenborg Castle">Rosenborg Castle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Danish_consorts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Danish consorts">Queen consort of Denmark</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Norwegian_consorts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Norwegian consorts">Norway</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tenure</th><td class="infobox-data">20 July 1572 – 4 April 1588</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">4 September 1557 <a href="/wiki/Wismar" title="Wismar">Wismar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">4 October 1631(1631-10-04) (aged 74) <a href="/wiki/Nyk%C3%B8bing_Castle" title="Nykøbing Castle"> Nykøbing Castle, Falster </a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Roskilde_Cathedral" title="Roskilde Cathedral">Roskilde Cathedral</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_II_of_Denmark" title="Frederick II of Denmark">Frederick II of Denmark</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1572; died 1588)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Denmark,_Duchess_of_Brunswick" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth of Denmark, Duchess of Brunswick">Elizabeth, Duchess of Brunswick</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Denmark" title="Anne of Denmark">Anne, Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_IV,_King_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian IV, King of Denmark">Christian IV, King of Denmark</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ulrik_of_Denmark_(1578%E2%80%931624)" title="Ulrik of Denmark (1578–1624)">Ulrich II, Prince-Bishop of Schwerin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Augusta_of_Denmark" title="Augusta of Denmark">Augusta, Duchess Holstein-Gottorp</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hedwig_of_Denmark" title="Hedwig of Denmark">Hedwig, Electress of Saxony</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/John,_Prince_of_Schleswig-Holstein" title="John, Prince of Schleswig-Holstein">John, Prince of Schleswig-Holstein</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Mecklenburg-Schwerin" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Mecklenburg-Schwerin">Mecklenburg-Schwerin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ulrich_III_of_Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulrich III of Mecklenburg-Güstrow">Ulrich III of Mecklenburg-Güstrow</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Denmark,_Duchess_of_Mecklenburg" title="Elizabeth of Denmark, Duchess of Mecklenburg">Elizabeth of Denmark</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_Queen_Sophie.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow's signature"><img alt="Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Signature_Queen_Sophie.svg/125px-Signature_Queen_Sophie.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Signature_Queen_Sophie.svg/188px-Signature_Queen_Sophie.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Signature_Queen_Sophie.svg/250px-Signature_Queen_Sophie.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow (Sophia; 4 September 1557 – 4 October 1631) was <a href="/wiki/List_of_Danish_royal_consorts" title="List of Danish royal consorts">Queen of Denmark</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Norwegian_royal_consorts" title="List of Norwegian royal consorts">Norway</a> by marriage to <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II_of_Denmark" title="Frederick II of Denmark">Frederick II of Denmark</a>. She was the mother of King <a href="/wiki/Christian_IV_of_Denmark" title="Christian IV of Denmark">Christian IV of Denmark</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Denmark" title="Anne of Denmark">Anne of Denmark</a>. She was Regent of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Schleswig" title="Duchy of Schleswig">Schleswig</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Holstein" title="Duchy of Holstein">Holstein</a> from 1590 to 1594.<a href="#cite_note-Dansk_Kvindebiografisk_Leksikon222-1">[1]</a> The only child of <a href="/wiki/Ulrich,_Duke_of_Mecklenburg" title="Ulrich, Duke of Mecklenburg">Ulrich III of Mecklenburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Denmark,_Duchess_of_Mecklenburg" title="Elizabeth of Denmark, Duchess of Mecklenburg">Elizabeth of Denmark</a>, Sophie married <a href="/wiki/Cousin_marriage" title="Cousin marriage">her cousin</a>, Frederick II of Denmark, in 1572, and their marriage was remarkably happy.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> She had little political influence during their marriage, although she maintained her own court and exercised a degree of autonomy over <a href="/wiki/Patronage" title="Patronage">patronages</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJack2019100-4">[4]</a> Sophie developed an interest in <a href="/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology">astrology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alchemy" title="Alchemy">alchemy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iatrochemistry" title="Iatrochemistry">iatrochemistry</a>,<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> supporting and visiting <a href="/wiki/Tycho_Brahe" title="Tycho Brahe">Tycho Brahe</a> on <a href="/wiki/Ven_(Sweden)" title="Ven (Sweden)">Ven</a> in 1586 and later.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJack2019100-4">[4]</a> She has later been described as a woman "of great intellectual capacity, noted especially as a patroness of scientists".<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> She became widowed at the age of 31 and in the first few years after Frederick's death, Sophie vigorously endeavoured to consolidate her position of power. However, lacking domestic allies and faced with a power-conscious <a href="/wiki/Danish_nobility" title="Danish nobility">Danish nobility</a>, this was only partially successful; while she was recognized as regent of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Schleswig" title="Duchy of Schleswig">Schleswig</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Holstein" title="Duchy of Holstein">Holstein</a>, her efforts to lead the <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regency council</a> of her underage son came into direct conflict with the <a href="/wiki/Riksr%C3%A5d#Rigsrådet_in_Denmark" title="Riksråd">Danish Council of the Realm</a> and ultimately proved unsuccessful. In 1594, she retreated to her <a href="/wiki/Dower" title="Dower">dower estate</a>, comprising the islands of <a href="/wiki/Lolland" title="Lolland">Lolland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Falster" title="Falster">Falster</a>. Despite this setback, Sophie's influence did not diminish throughout her widowhood; on the contrary, she was unwilling to be sidelined from political affairs,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeerapen2024124-7">[7]</a> and she greatly strengthened her status through enormous and ever-expanding monetary leverage.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJack2019105-106-8">[8]</a> Through the skilful management of her vast <a href="/wiki/Jointure" title="Jointure">widowed estate</a>, she amassed an enormous fortune, becoming the richest woman in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Europe" title="Northern Europe">Northern Europe</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELockhart2007133-9">[9]</a> and the second wealthiest individual in Europe after <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Elector_of_Bavaria" title="Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria">Maximillian I of Bavaria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> From the outset, Sophie displayed exceptional enterprise and determination, implementing wide-scale <a href="/wiki/Agrarian_reform" class="mw-redirect" title="Agrarian reform">agrarian reforms</a> to increase the <a href="/wiki/Crop_yield" title="Crop yield">yield</a> and revenue of her <a href="/wiki/Estate_(land)" title="Estate (land)">estate</a>. Frequently disbursing funds from her "inexhaustible coffers", Sophie financially supported <a href="/wiki/Christian_IV_of_Denmark" title="Christian IV of Denmark">her son</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Riksr%C3%A5d#Rigsrådet_in_Denmark" title="Riksråd">Council of the Realm</a>, and thereby effectively the entire <a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Norway" title="Denmark–Norway">Danish-Norwegian</a> state.<a href="#cite_note-:111222-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-:12-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdams199765-13">[13]</a> She maintained a large <a href="/wiki/Loan" title="Loan">lending</a> business, earning <a href="/wiki/Interest" title="Interest">interest</a>, and extending loans to, among others her son Christian IV, her son-in-law <a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">King James VI & I</a>, her grandson <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Ulrich,_Duke_of_Brunswick-L%C3%BCneburg" title="Frederick Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg">Duke Frederick Ulrich of Brunswick-Lüneburg</a>, and several other <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_in_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" title="List of states in the Holy Roman Empire">principalities of the Holy Roman Empire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJack2019105-106-8">[8]</a> When she died in 1631, <a href="/wiki/James_Howell" title="James Howell">James Howell</a>, secretary to the <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_Kingdom_of_England_to_Denmark" title="List of ambassadors of the Kingdom of England to Denmark">English Ambassador in Denmark</a>, remarked that she was the "richest Queen in Christendom".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor187436-14">[14]</a> Queen Sophie exerted significant political influence both domestically and internationally during her widowhood.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJack2019105-15">[15]</a> She strengthened the <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> alliances of Denmark through the arrangement of influential <a href="/wiki/Royal_intermarriage" title="Royal intermarriage">marriages</a> for her daughters, often contributing substantial funds for the <a href="/wiki/Dowry" title="Dowry">dowry</a> and jewellery herself. She also conducted extensive correspondence with rulers and nobles across northern Europe, and through her strategic economic dealings, she "[financed] diplomacy and war", as described by historian <a href="/wiki/Merry_E._Wiesner-Hanks" title="Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks">Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWiesner-Hanks202431-16">[16]</a> Sophie played a crucial role in shaping the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Denmark" title="Foreign relations of Denmark">foreign relations of Denmark</a>, notably during the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a>, influencing peace negotiations and ultimately contributing to the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_L%C3%BCbeck" title="Treaty of Lübeck">Treaty of Lübeck</a> in 1629.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Some historians, especially earlier ones, have either disregarded Sophie or dismissed her as power-hungry and rapacious.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBisgaard2004141-142-19">[19]</a> However, 19th-century writers including <a href="/wiki/Ellen_J%C3%B8rgensen_(historian)" title="Ellen Jørgensen (historian)">Ellen Jørgensen</a> considered her a woman of "unparalleled skill" and "indomitable resourcefulness".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJørgensenSkovgaard1910139_&_124-20">[20]</a> Recent reassessments recognize her remarkable <a href="/wiki/Entrepreneurship" title="Entrepreneurship">entrepreneurship</a> as a dowager, and in particular her ability to entrench herself as a pervasive power in the political landscape of late <a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a> Denmark and Europe.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJack2019105-106-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-:02-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJoost2024116-117-22">[22]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sophie_of_Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</a>]</div> Born in <a href="/wiki/Wismar" title="Wismar">Wismar</a>, she was the daughter of Duke <a href="/wiki/Ulrich_III_of_Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulrich III of Mecklenburg-Güstrow">Ulrich III of Mecklenburg-Güstrow</a> and Princess <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Denmark,_Duchess_of_Mecklenburg" title="Elizabeth of Denmark, Duchess of Mecklenburg">Elizabeth of Denmark</a> (a daughter of <a href="/wiki/Frederick_I_of_Denmark" title="Frederick I of Denmark">Frederick I</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sophie_of_Pomerania" title="Sophie of Pomerania">Sophie of Pomerania</a>). Through her father, a grandson of <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Denmark_(1485%E2%80%931555)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth of Denmark (1485–1555)">Elizabeth of Denmark</a>, she descended from King <a href="/wiki/John,_King_of_Denmark" title="John, King of Denmark">John of Denmark</a>, the brother of Frederick I. Like Ulrich, she had a great love of knowledge. Later, she would be known as one of the most learned Queens of the time. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Queen">Queen</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sophie_of_Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Queen">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dronning-Sophie-A_2537.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Dronning-Sophie-A_2537.jpg/250px-Dronning-Sophie-A_2537.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Dronning-Sophie-A_2537.jpg/375px-Dronning-Sophie-A_2537.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Dronning-Sophie-A_2537.jpg/499px-Dronning-Sophie-A_2537.jpg 2x" data-file-width="696" data-file-height="875" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Portrait_miniature" title="Portrait miniature">Portrait miniature</a> of a young Queen Sophie, aged approximately 23, in ca. 1580.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bust_of_Sophie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Bust_of_Sophie.jpg/270px-Bust_of_Sophie.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="348" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Bust_of_Sophie.jpg/404px-Bust_of_Sophie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Bust_of_Sophie.jpg/539px-Bust_of_Sophie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2300" data-file-height="2968" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">Bronze</a> <a href="/wiki/Bust_(sculpture)" title="Bust (sculpture)">bust</a> of a youthful Queen Sophie, made by J.G. van der Schardt, between 1578 and 1579.</figcaption></figure> At the age of fourteen Sophie, on 20 July 1572, married <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II_of_Denmark" title="Frederick II of Denmark">Frederick II of Denmark</a> in <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>; he was thirty-eight. She was crowned the following day.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJack201999-23">[23]</a> They were first half-cousins, through their grandfather, Frederick I, King of Denmark and Norway. They met at <a href="/wiki/Nyk%C3%B8bing_Castle" title="Nykøbing Castle">Nykøbing Castle</a>, when it had been arranged for the king to meet with Margaret of Pomerania, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Philip_I,_Duke_of_Pomerania" title="Philip I, Duke of Pomerania">Philip I of Pomerania</a>. She was brought to Denmark by Sophie's parents, who decided to also bring their own daughter.<a href="#cite_note-:04222-24">[24]</a> Sophie found favour with the king, who betrothed himself to her, and married her six months later.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> King Frederick had been in love with the noblewoman Anne Corfitzdatter Hardenberg for many years, but was unable to marry her due to her being a noblewoman, not a princess, the opposition of the Danish Privy Council as well as eventually Anne herself.<a href="#cite_note-:04222-24">[24]</a> Despite the age difference between Sophie and Frederick, the marriage was a happy one. Queen Sophie was a loving mother, nursing her children personally during their illnesses. When Frederick was sick with <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a> in 1575, she personally nursed him and wrote many worried letters to her father about his progress.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-:04222-24">[24]</a> King Frederick was well known for being fond of drinking and hunting,<a href="#cite_note-:04222-24">[24]</a> but he was a loving spouse to Sophie, writing of her with great fondness in his personal diary (where he kept careful track of where she and their children were in the country<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a>) and there is no evidence of extramarital affairs on the part of either spouse.<a href="#cite_note-Dansk_Kvindebiografisk_Leksikon2222-28">[28]</a> Their marriage is described as having been harmonious.<a href="#cite_note-Dansk_Kvindebiografisk_Leksikon2222-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-:04222-24">[24]</a> All of their children were sent to live with her parents in Mecklenburg for the first years of their lives, with the possible exception of the last son, Hans, as it was the belief at the time that the parents would indulge their children too much.<a href="#cite_note-:04222-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dansk_Kvindebiografisk_Leksikon2222-28">[28]</a> She showed a keen interest in science and visited the astronomer <a href="/wiki/Tycho_Brahe" title="Tycho Brahe">Tycho Brahe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Dansk_Kvindebiografisk_Leksikon2222-28">[28]</a> She was also interested in the old songs of <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">folklore</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Dansk_Kvindebiografisk_Leksikon2222-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Matchmaker">Matchmaker</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sophie_of_Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Matchmaker">edit</a>]</div> Around the time of Frederick's death, Sophie's most important function was as a matchmaker for her children. Her daughter, <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Denmark" title="Anne of Denmark">Anne of Denmark</a>, married <a href="/wiki/James_VI_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="James VI of Scotland">James VI of Scotland</a> and became queen consort in 1589. She arranged the marriage against the will of the council. When James VI came to Denmark, she gave him a present of 10,000 <a href="/wiki/Danish_rigsdaler" title="Danish rigsdaler">dalers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> She was also deeply involved in the negotiations that led to the wedding of <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Denmark,_Duchess_of_Brunswick-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel" title="Elizabeth of Denmark, Duchess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel">Princess Elizabeth</a> to <a href="/wiki/Henry_Julius,_Duke_of_Brunswick-L%C3%BCneburg" title="Henry Julius, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg">Henry Julius, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg</a>. She oversaw the levying of 150,000 dalers for the two weddings and other expenses, and spent herself 50,000 on jewellery.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJack2019104-30">[30]</a> In 1596, she arranged the marriage of her daughter <a href="/wiki/Augusta_of_Denmark" title="Augusta of Denmark">Princess Augusta</a> to <a href="/wiki/John_Adolf,_Duke_of_Holstein-Gottorp" title="John Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp">John Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp</a>, which improved Denmark's connections to the north German Lutheran states. Finally, in 1602, she negotiated the marriage of <a href="/wiki/Hedwig_of_Denmark" title="Hedwig of Denmark">Hedwig</a> to <a href="/wiki/Christian_II,_Elector_of_Saxony" title="Christian II, Elector of Saxony">Christian II, Elector of Saxony</a>. She also played a key role in finding appropriate spouses for her younger sons.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJack2019104-30">[30]</a> She was the main negotiator in the marriage arrangements between her son <a href="/wiki/Christian_IV_of_Denmark" title="Christian IV of Denmark">Christian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heir_apparent" title="Heir apparent">heir to the throne</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Anne_Catherine_of_Brandenburg" title="Anne Catherine of Brandenburg">Princess Anne Catherine of Brandenburg</a>, whom Sophie called a "pure pearl".<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Widowhood_and_queen-dowager">Widowhood and queen-dowager</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sophie_of_Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Widowhood and queen-dowager">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ukjent_kunstner_-_Painting_-_NG.M.02106_-_National_Museum_of_Art,_Architecture_and_Design.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Ukjent_kunstner_-_Painting_-_NG.M.02106_-_National_Museum_of_Art%2C_Architecture_and_Design.jpg/300px-Ukjent_kunstner_-_Painting_-_NG.M.02106_-_National_Museum_of_Art%2C_Architecture_and_Design.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Ukjent_kunstner_-_Painting_-_NG.M.02106_-_National_Museum_of_Art%2C_Architecture_and_Design.jpg/450px-Ukjent_kunstner_-_Painting_-_NG.M.02106_-_National_Museum_of_Art%2C_Architecture_and_Design.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Ukjent_kunstner_-_Painting_-_NG.M.02106_-_National_Museum_of_Art%2C_Architecture_and_Design.jpg/600px-Ukjent_kunstner_-_Painting_-_NG.M.02106_-_National_Museum_of_Art%2C_Architecture_and_Design.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2760" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Sophie of Mecklenborg, newly widowed, in 1591.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aftermath_of_Frederick's_death">Aftermath of Frederick's death</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sophie_of_Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Aftermath of Frederick's death">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II_of_Denmark" title="Frederick II of Denmark">Frederick II</a> died on 4 April 1588, at <a href="/wiki/Antvorskov_Castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Antvorskov Castle">Antvorskov Castle</a>. Their son, now king Christian IV, was just 10 years old, and a <a href="/wiki/Regency_council" class="mw-redirect" title="Regency council">regency council</a> (<a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a>: formynderregering) was therefore to be set up to serve as the trustees of the royal authority. Already on 15 April, the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Realm_(Denmark)" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of the Realm (Denmark)">Council of the Realm</a> had hastily assembled at <a href="/wiki/Antvorskov_Castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Antvorskov Castle">Antvorskov</a> and appointed a regency. It was to be led by <a href="/wiki/Chancellor" title="Chancellor">Chancellor</a> <a href="/wiki/Niels_Kaas" title="Niels Kaas">Niels Kaas</a> (1535–1594) and consisted of the council members <a href="/wiki/Peder_Munk" title="Peder Munk">Peder Munk</a> (1534–1623), Jørgen Ottesen Rosenkrantz (1523–1596) and <a href="/wiki/Christoffer_Valkendorff" title="Christoffer Valkendorff">Christoffer Valkendorff</a> (1525–1601).<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> Although it was common in Europe for a <a href="/wiki/Queen_dowager" title="Queen dowager">dowager queen</a> to act as <a href="/wiki/Queen_Regent" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Regent">regent</a> for her minor children, the Council of the Realm pointedly excluded Sophie from the regency. She was given a ceremonial role, allowing her to maintain her <a href="/wiki/Royal_court" title="Royal court">royal court</a>. During Frederick II’s funeral in June 1588, she asserted her influence by insisting on a more lavish and expensive ceremony and <a href="/wiki/Funeral_procession" title="Funeral procession">procession</a> than the one planned by the council, arguing that a modest funeral would harm the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Denmark" title="Monarchy of Denmark">Crown</a>’s international reputation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeiberg201732-33">[33]</a> She also arranged for the dowries for her daughters and secured her own allowance, all independently and in defiance of the council.<a href="#cite_note-Dansk_Kvindebiografisk_Leksikon22222-34">[34]</a> During the first two years of her widowhood, she resided mainly at <a href="/wiki/Kronborg" title="Kronborg">Kronborg Castle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frederiksborg_Castle" title="Frederiksborg Castle">Frederiksborg Castle</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regency_of_the_duchies_and_conflicts_with_the_council">Regency of the duchies and conflicts with the council</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sophie_of_Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Regency of the duchies and conflicts with the council">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Henrik_Rantzau.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Henrik_Rantzau.jpg/220px-Henrik_Rantzau.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="345" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Henrik_Rantzau.jpg/330px-Henrik_Rantzau.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Henrik_Rantzau.jpg/440px-Henrik_Rantzau.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1203" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Rantzau" title="Heinrich Rantzau">Heinrich Rantzau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Governor" title="Governor">Governor</a> of the Danish royal share in the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Holstein" title="Duchy of Holstein">Duchy of Holstein</a>, who, having championed Dowager Queen Sophie’s <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regency</a> in expectation of a pliable ruler, swiftly turned into her staunch opponent over the governance of the duchies.</figcaption></figure> While sidelined in Denmark, Sophie concentrated on the <a href="/wiki/Duchy" title="Duchy">duchies</a> of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Schleswig" title="Duchy of Schleswig">Schleswig</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Holstein" title="Duchy of Holstein">Holstein</a>, where — as the children’s mother — she laid claim to a regency (<a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a>: formynderskab) on behalf of Christian, <a href="/wiki/Ulrik_of_Denmark_(1578%E2%80%931624)" title="Ulrik of Denmark (1578–1624)">Ulrik</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John,_Prince_of_Schleswig-Holstein" title="John, Prince of Schleswig-Holstein">Hans</a>. These duchies were governed under a dual framework: Schleswig was a Danish <a href="/wiki/Fief" title="Fief">fief</a>, whereas Holstein belonged to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeiberg201739-35">[35]</a> At first, there was talk of <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_in_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" title="List of states in the Holy Roman Empire">German princes</a> acting as guardians, yet the Danish governor (<a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a>: statholder) in the royal part of the duchies, <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Rantzau" title="Heinrich Rantzau">Heinrich Rantzau</a>, and the regional nobility deemed it unnecessary, citing Sophie as the more appropriate figure, given her status as both <a href="/wiki/Dowager_queen" class="mw-redirect" title="Dowager queen">dowager queen</a> and "mother of the country" (<a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a>: landemoder, <a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> 'land mother').<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaursen1916147-36">[36]</a> Following negotiations, Sophie formally accepted in September 1590 at <a href="/wiki/Haderslev" title="Haderslev">Haderslev</a> to govern on Christian’s behalf and simultaneously administer the royal <a href="/wiki/Fief" title="Fief">fiefs</a> on behalf of all three princely sons.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESkipper2006172-37">[37]</a> Sophie acted energetically to defend her children’s claims, notably insisting that <a href="/wiki/Ulrik_of_Denmark_(1578%E2%80%931624)" title="Ulrik of Denmark (1578–1624)">Ulrik</a> and <a href="/wiki/John,_Prince_of_Schleswig-Holstein" title="John, Prince of Schleswig-Holstein">Hans</a> should also be granted a share in governance and inheritance, effectively <a href="/wiki/Partition_(politics)" title="Partition (politics)">partitioning</a> the duchies. This stance soon brought her into conflict with Rantzau and most of the Schleswig-Holstein nobility, who wanted to avoid the fragmentation of authority among multiple princes. To curtail Sophie’s ambitions, the nobility consented to only a modest arrangement. On 2 May 1591, a compromise reached in <a href="/wiki/Segeberg" title="Segeberg">Segeberg</a> stated that official documents concerning the royal fiefs would include Ulrik and Hans by name, but offer them no real authority. Frustrated, Sophie increasingly looked to <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor">Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor</a> — <a href="/wiki/Overlord" title="Overlord">overlord</a> of Holstein — for support. She wrote a series of letters urging an <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">imperial</a> endorsement of an actual partition of the duchies. Meanwhile, tensions with Rantzau deepened: they clashed openly over administrative control, and Sophie denounced what she saw as his attempts to dominate the duchies. In March 1593, disagreements erupted at a <a href="/wiki/Diet_(assembly)" title="Diet (assembly)">diet</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a>, where Rantzau walked out in protest.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeiberg201742-43-38">[38]</a> Seeking to circumvent Sophie, Rantzau and Danish magnates persuaded the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor</a> to declare Christian IV of age on 16 April 1593. Sophie immediately asked that Ulrik likewise be <a href="/wiki/Age_of_majority" title="Age of majority">declared</a> <a href="/wiki/Age_of_majority" title="Age of majority">to be of age</a>, hoping to prevent Christian from governing alone. In August 1593, the Emperor did indeed issue an imperial <a href="/wiki/Decree" title="Decree">decree</a> requiring <a href="/wiki/Partition_(law)" title="Partition (law)">partition</a> of the so-called “royal portion” (<a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a>: den kongelige del) and <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor">Rudolf II</a> specifically also reaffirmed that Sophie’s should remain <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a> for Ulrik and Hans until such a division was completed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeiberg201746-39">[39]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KMM-67_-_Christian_IV,_portugalafl%C3%B8sere_1591-93.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/KMM-67_-_Christian_IV%2C_portugalafl%C3%B8sere_1591-93.jpg/250px-KMM-67_-_Christian_IV%2C_portugalafl%C3%B8sere_1591-93.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/KMM-67_-_Christian_IV%2C_portugalafl%C3%B8sere_1591-93.jpg/375px-KMM-67_-_Christian_IV%2C_portugalafl%C3%B8sere_1591-93.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/KMM-67_-_Christian_IV%2C_portugalafl%C3%B8sere_1591-93.jpg/500px-KMM-67_-_Christian_IV%2C_portugalafl%C3%B8sere_1591-93.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4134" data-file-height="2953" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Portugu%C3%AAs_(coin)" title="Português (coin)">Português coins</a> minted in <a href="/wiki/Haderslev" title="Haderslev">Haderslev</a> 1591-93 by Sophie. A testament to her possession of actual state power, the <a href="/wiki/Coining_(mint)" title="Coining (mint)">coinage</a> was vigorously protested by the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Realm_(Denmark)" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of the Realm (Denmark)">Council</a>.</figcaption></figure> Sophie’s allies in the duchies were few yet invaluable. Her father, <a href="/wiki/Ulrich,_Duke_of_Mecklenburg" title="Ulrich, Duke of Mecklenburg">Ulrich III of Mecklenburg</a>, advised her extensively, sent experienced legal <a href="/wiki/Envoy_(title)" title="Envoy (title)">envoys</a> to Denmark, and was appointed imperial <a href="/wiki/Commissioner" title="Commissioner">commissioner</a> in August 1593, bolstering Sophie’s efforts to partition the duchies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaursen1916148-40">[40]</a> She also enjoyed firm backing from Hans Blome, a royal counsellor fiercely opposed to <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Rantzau" title="Heinrich Rantzau">Governor Rantzau</a>. Beyond these ties, Sophie formed an alliance with <a href="/wiki/Christine_of_Hesse" title="Christine of Hesse">Dowager Duchess Christine of Hesse</a>, who initially sought hereditary rights for her son, <a href="/wiki/Philip,_Duke_of_Holstein-Gottorp" title="Philip, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp">Duke Philip of Gottorp</a>. Although Christine agreed to an <a href="/wiki/Elective_monarchy" title="Elective monarchy">election</a> — rather than <a href="/wiki/Hereditary_monarchy" title="Hereditary monarchy">hereditary inheritance</a> — to avoid losing all power to Christian IV, she and Sophie still stood together against the Danish Council and nobility. When Philip died in October 1590, Sophie quickly aligned with his successor, <a href="/wiki/John_Adolf,_Duke_of_Holstein-Gottorp" title="John Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp">John Adolf</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeiberg2001118-41">[41]</a> Despite the imperial directives, events on the ground favored the position of both the nobility and Christian. At a <a href="/wiki/Diet_(assembly)" title="Diet (assembly)">diet</a> in <a href="/wiki/Flensburg" title="Flensburg">Flensburg</a> on 1 September 1593, Christian IV appeared with the full backing of the Council, formally took over the government of the duchies, and upheld the <a href="/wiki/Estates_of_the_realm" title="Estates of the realm">estates</a>’ privileges.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESkipper2006173-42">[42]</a> By 2 September, a formal report from that Diet rejected partition altogether. Local officials insisted that Schleswig was a <a href="/wiki/Fief" title="Fief">fief</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Danish_Realm" title="Danish Realm">Danish Realm</a>, beyond the Emperor’s rightful intervention, and that Holstein could not in practice be separated from Schleswig. Sophie continued petitioning the Emperor, yet her opposition had scant effect.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaursen1916148-150-43">[43]</a> As regent for Christian IV, the Dowager Queen had significant political power for several years, and in 1591-93, she had <a href="/wiki/Gold_coin" title="Gold coin">gold coins</a> struck at the <a href="/wiki/Mint_(facility)" title="Mint (facility)">Mint</a> in <a href="/wiki/Haderslev" title="Haderslev">Haderslev</a>. The Council strongly objected, criticizing the poor <a href="/wiki/Coining_(mint)" title="Coining (mint)">striking</a> quality, errors in <a href="/wiki/Heraldry" title="Heraldry">heraldry</a>, and alleged low fineness. However, a later German <a href="/wiki/Metallurgy" title="Metallurgy">metallurgical</a> analysis contradicted these claims, proving the coins met high-quality standards, with only a 1% deviation from <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor Ferdinand I</a>’s 1559 <a href="/wiki/Reichsm%C3%BCnzordnung" title="Reichsmünzordnung">Reichsmünzordnung</a>. The Council’s opposition likely stemmed from political concerns over Sophie’s independent economic power, rather than the coinage’s actual value. Despite their protests, she refused full compliance, modifying some details but retaining Christian IV’s crowned portrait, reinforcing her authority.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dismissal_as_regent_and_mediator">Dismissal as regent and mediator</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sophie_of_Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Dismissal as regent and mediator">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kolding_-_Koldinghus1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Kolding_-_Koldinghus1.JPG/350px-Kolding_-_Koldinghus1.JPG" decoding="async" width="350" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Kolding_-_Koldinghus1.JPG/525px-Kolding_-_Koldinghus1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Kolding_-_Koldinghus1.JPG/700px-Kolding_-_Koldinghus1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Koldinghus" title="Koldinghus">Koldinghus Castle</a>, where Queen Dowager Sophie resided and held <a href="/wiki/Royal_court" title="Royal court">court</a> during her regency. In April 1594, the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Realm_(Denmark)" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of the Realm (Denmark)">council</a> dismissed the entirety of Sophie's <a href="/wiki/Royal_household" title="Royal household">royal household</a> at Koldinghus, forcing her to leave.</figcaption></figure> During her regency over the duchies (1588–1594), Dowager Queen Sophie primarily held court at <a href="/wiki/Koldinghus" title="Koldinghus">Koldinghus Castle</a>, while also frequently residing at <a href="/wiki/Cismar_Abbey" title="Cismar Abbey">Cismar Abbey</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%B6mitz" title="Grömitz">Grömitz</a>, when visiting Schleswig and Holstein.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarøe2020-46">[46]</a> After her dismissal as regent, the Dowager Queen continued to reside at Koldinghus with her household. In April 1594, a year after her dismissal, the Council forced the Dowager Queen to leave the court by dismissing her entire household staff.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGregersen202462-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlsen2005146-48">[48]</a> Displeased, she complained to her father and lamented that she was "forced to go away".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeiberg200152-49">[49]</a> In another letter to her father from December 1594, Sophie voiced frustration at governor Rantzau, whom she claimed was far more interested in advancing his “own advantage” than in reconciling “mother and son”.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJørgensenSkovgaard1910127-50">[50]</a> She moved to the newly rebuilt <a href="/wiki/Nyk%C3%B8bing_Castle" title="Nykøbing Castle">Nykøbing Castle</a>, together with her younger daughters, <a href="/wiki/Hedwig_of_Denmark" title="Hedwig of Denmark">Hedwig</a> and <a href="/wiki/Augusta_of_Denmark" title="Augusta of Denmark">Augusta</a>. In a letter to her father, she bitterly accepted defeat, writing: "If the councillors become richer now that I have left the court, time will tell. I thank God that I am gone, and even if I were offered 10,000 daler a year to stay, I would not do it."<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> In response, Sophie began securing the resources she would need to remain an influential figure within Denmark.<a href="#cite_note-Dansk_Kvindebiografisk_Leksikon2222-28">[28]</a> Retiring to her widow’s estate did not end her efforts to safeguard her sons’ interests. In November 1595, Christian IV reconciled with his mother during a visit to his grandfather, <a href="/wiki/Ulrich,_Duke_of_Mecklenburg" title="Ulrich, Duke of Mecklenburg">Duke Ulrich III</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg" title="Mecklenburg">Mecklenburg</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESkipper2006173-42">[42]</a> The following year brought an official settlement, wherein Christian agreed to provide for his siblings, though he continued to refuse any new division of the duchies. By 1602, he granted his brother, <a href="/wiki/Ulrik_of_Denmark_(1578%E2%80%931624)" title="Ulrik of Denmark (1578–1624)">Ulrik</a>, 200,000 rigsdaler as compensation for relinquishing all feudal rights, while the youngest brother, <a href="/wiki/John,_Prince_of_Schleswig-Holstein" title="John, Prince of Schleswig-Holstein">John</a>, had already secured the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Tver" title="Principality of Tver">Grand Principality of Tver</a> upon his 1601 betrothal to <a href="/wiki/Boris_Godunov" title="Boris Godunov">Tsar Boris Godunov</a>’s daughter, <a href="/wiki/Xenia_Borisovna_of_Russia" title="Xenia Borisovna of Russia">Xenia Borisovna</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeiberg201749-52">[52]</a> After 1602, Sophie was repeatedly called upon by both Christian IV and Ulrik to mediate in their ongoing inheritance dispute.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeiberg201749-52">[52]</a> Adopting a different and more prudent approach, she generally refused to reopen the matter — encouraging Ulrik to approach Christian directly and warning him not to insist on any claim as a right — yet she still urged Christian to show some generosity toward his brother. In 1609, Sophie famously admonished Ulrik and Christian for neglecting their own affairs in favor of “merriment and drink” criticizing their lack of decisiveness and hinting at her frustration over repeatedly having to “settle [their] matters".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJørgensenSkovgaard1910130-53">[53]</a> In 1610, through Sophie’s mediation, Ulrik received lifetime possession of the <a href="/wiki/Schwabstedt" title="Schwabstedt">Schwabstedt fief</a> and an additional 120,000 <a href="/wiki/Danish_rigsdaler" title="Danish rigsdaler">rigsdaler</a>, augmenting the 1602 settlement.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaursen1916259-263-54">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Landowner_and_successful_entrepreneur">Landowner and successful entrepreneur</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sophie_of_Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Landowner and successful entrepreneur">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nyk%C3%B8bing_Slot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Nyk%C3%B8bing_Slot.jpg/320px-Nyk%C3%B8bing_Slot.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Nyk%C3%B8bing_Slot.jpg/480px-Nyk%C3%B8bing_Slot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Nyk%C3%B8bing_Slot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="531" data-file-height="337" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lithography" title="Lithography">Lithography</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nyk%C3%B8bing_Castle" title="Nykøbing Castle">Nykøbing Castle</a>, which was the seat of Queen Sophie's estate.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portr%C3%A6t_af_Dronning_Sophie,_ca._1610.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Portr%C3%A6t_af_Dronning_Sophie%2C_ca._1610.jpg/220px-Portr%C3%A6t_af_Dronning_Sophie%2C_ca._1610.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Portr%C3%A6t_af_Dronning_Sophie%2C_ca._1610.jpg/330px-Portr%C3%A6t_af_Dronning_Sophie%2C_ca._1610.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Portr%C3%A6t_af_Dronning_Sophie%2C_ca._1610.jpg/440px-Portr%C3%A6t_af_Dronning_Sophie%2C_ca._1610.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1951" data-file-height="2284" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of Queen Sophie in <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1610. The portrait is a remains of a lost full-length portrait painted by the Dutch painter <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Isaacsz" title="Pieter Isaacsz">Pieter Isaacsz</a>.</figcaption></figure> As dowager-queen, Sophie was entitled to '<a href="/wiki/Jointure" title="Jointure">Dowager-pension</a>' (<a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a>: Livgeding, <a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> 'support of life') as well as the castles that comprised her <a href="/wiki/Dower" title="Dower">morning gift</a>. These vast estates included Denmark's fourth-largest island <a href="/wiki/Lolland" title="Lolland">Lolland</a>, and the neighbouring island <a href="/wiki/Falster" title="Falster">Falster</a>, on which the <a href="/wiki/Nyk%C3%B8bing_Castle" title="Nykøbing Castle">castle of Nykøbing</a> was situated, which she also received.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJack2019105-15">[15]</a> She also received <a href="/wiki/Aalholm" title="Aalholm">Aalholm Castle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Halsted_Priory" title="Halsted Priory">Halsted Priory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vennerslund" title="Vennerslund">Vennerslund</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ravnsborg" title="Ravnsborg">Ravnsborg</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Fief" title="Fief">fiefs</a> belonging thereto. She succeeded in obtaining 30,000 <a href="/wiki/Danish_rigsdaler" title="Danish rigsdaler">rigsdaler</a> from her late husband's liquid assets, as well as an annual income of 8,000 rigsdaler from the <a href="/wiki/Sound_Dues" title="Sound Dues">Sound Dues</a>.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> Over a number of years, her crown property on Lolland and Falster was expanded, with large properties being transferred to the widow's estate, including <a href="/wiki/Corselitze" title="Corselitze">Corselitze</a> and Skørringe, whose holdings on Falster totalled over 100 farm estates.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMackeprang1902528-56">[56]</a> During her long widowhood, Sophie mainly devoted herself to managing her estates, where she was effectively an independent ruler. She protected the residents of her dowerlands and engaged in large-scale trade and in money-lending.<a href="#cite_note-Dansk_Kvindebiografisk_Leksikon2222-28">[28]</a> She took a keen interest in new <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_technology" title="Agricultural technology">agricultural technology</a>, converted her land to large-scale farming, sold grain and cattle to northern Germany through her large established network in the <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_in_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" title="List of states in the Holy Roman Empire">principalities</a>, built mills and was especially interested in <a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry" title="Animal husbandry">cattle breeding</a>, which was an important source of income during this period.<a href="#cite_note-:2-57">[57]</a> The still existing <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Warehouse,_Nakskov" title="Queen's Warehouse, Nakskov">Queen's Warehouse</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nakskov" title="Nakskov">Nakskov</a> was constructed for her in 1589–1591.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> The Dowager Queen Sophie managed her estates in <a href="/wiki/Lolland" title="Lolland">Lolland</a>-Falster so well, that her son could borrow money from her on several occasions for his wars.<a href="#cite_note-Dansk_Kvindebiografisk_Leksikon2222-28">[28]</a> She helped to fund her son <a href="/wiki/Christian_IV_of_Denmark" title="Christian IV of Denmark">Christian IV's</a> military campaign against <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> in 1611, the <a href="/wiki/Kalmar_War" title="Kalmar War">Kalmar War</a>, and his entry into the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years War</a> in 1615. Likewise, she also assisted her son with a loan in 1605 of 140,000 Danish rigsdaler, whereupon Christian launched a series of <a href="/wiki/Christian_IV%27s_expeditions_to_Greenland" title="Christian IV's expeditions to Greenland">expeditions to Greenland</a>. In 1614, Christian IV took out another loan of 210,000 rigsdaler from his mother.<a href="#cite_note-:111222-11">[11]</a> In 1621, the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Realm_(Denmark)" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of the Realm (Denmark)">Danish Council of the Realm</a> obtained two loans of 100,000 and 280,000 rigsdaler respectively from the Dowager Queen, to cover the state's deficit.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErslev1883309-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-:111222-11">[11]</a> The majority of the Dowager Queen's loans to her son were never repaid.<a href="#cite_note-:111222-11">[11]</a> In 1620–21, Dowager Queen Sophie was the main contributor of a loan of 300,000 rigsdaler from the Danish state under Christian IV, to <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> under her son-in-law <a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">James VI and I</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:111222-11">[11]</a> The interest rate was the "extremely favourable" 6%.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAshton1960164-60">[60]</a> In addition to her liquid assets amounting to millions of <a href="/wiki/Guilder" title="Guilder">guilders</a>, she also had extensive properties in the north of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>, pledged by princely creditors. The queen inspected these estates during her numerous journeys.<a href="#cite_note-:032-61">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_influence_as_widow">Political influence as widow</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sophie_of_Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Political influence as widow">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:K%C3%B6nigin_Sophie_v._D%C3%A4nemark.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/K%C3%B6nigin_Sophie_v._D%C3%A4nemark.jpg/300px-K%C3%B6nigin_Sophie_v._D%C3%A4nemark.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="411" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/K%C3%B6nigin_Sophie_v._D%C3%A4nemark.jpg/450px-K%C3%B6nigin_Sophie_v._D%C3%A4nemark.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/K%C3%B6nigin_Sophie_v._D%C3%A4nemark.jpg/599px-K%C3%B6nigin_Sophie_v._D%C3%A4nemark.jpg 2x" data-file-width="875" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Sophie in <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1601, in a German collection of <a href="/wiki/Portrait_miniature" title="Portrait miniature">small-format portraits</a> of 17th century European rulers.</figcaption></figure>Because of her great wealth, Dowager Queen Sophie was able to exercise considerable influence on both Danish domestic affairs and the international politics of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Europe" title="Northern Europe">Northern Europe</a> during the reign of her son, <a href="/wiki/Christian_IV_of_Denmark" title="Christian IV of Denmark">Christian IV</a> (reigned 1596–1648). During a period from the death of her husband in 1588 until her death forty-three years later, she was active in the political life of Denmark.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJack2019105-15">[15]</a> The queen dowager maintained a constant awareness of the current political developments in Europe and in the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">empire</a>, through intensive correspondence with Protestant princes and her <a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" title="Mecklenburg-Güstrow">Mecklenburg</a> relatives.<a href="#cite_note-:032-61">[61]</a> Domestically, Sophie influenced and supported the realm through continuous financial loans. Correspondence also shows that Sophie engaged in financial discussions with her son about the <a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Denmark" title="Taxation in Denmark">levying of taxes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHanksChojnacka2002Two_letters_from_the_dowager_queen,_Denmark_seventeenth_century-62">[62]</a> Interestingly, the Danish Privy Council also granted her the concession that she was allowed to receive <a href="/wiki/Ambassador" title="Ambassador">ambassadors</a> and thus essentially conduct <a href="/wiki/Diplomacy" title="Diplomacy">diplomacy</a> on behalf of Denmark.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarroll2005193-63">[63]</a> Her extensive territories in southern Denmark also included the jurisdiction over a number of <a href="/wiki/Birk_(market_place)" title="Birk (market place)">birks</a> (<a href="/wiki/Judicial_district" title="Judicial district">judicial districts</a>), where she held <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">executive powers</a> to appoint <a href="/wiki/Judge" title="Judge">judges</a> (<a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a>: birkedommer; viz. judge of a Danish District Court).<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> The Dowager Queen had notable political influence internationally as a consequence of her loans to several <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_in_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" title="List of states in the Holy Roman Empire">principalities of the Holy Roman Empire</a>, whereby she "[financed] diplomacy and war", as described by historian <a href="/wiki/Merry_E._Wiesner-Hanks" title="Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks">Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWiesner-Hanks202431-16">[16]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a>, she lent money to several German Protestant princes, and among her creditors was her grandson <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Ulrich,_Duke_of_Brunswick-L%C3%BCneburg" title="Frederick Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg">Duke Frederick Ulrich of Brunswick-Lüneburg</a>, who owed her 300,000 Danish rigsdaler,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHanksChojnacka2002Two_letters_from_the_dowager_queen,_Denmark_seventeenth_century-62">[62]</a> as well as her son-in-law <a href="/wiki/John_Adolf,_Duke_of_Holstein-Gottorp" title="John Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp">John Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp</a>, to whom she also lent 300,000 rigsdaler.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> She also conducted financial dealings with the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_League_(German)" title="Catholic League (German)">Catholic forces</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johann_Tserclaes,_Count_of_Tilly" title="Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly">Count Tilly</a>, with whom she wanted to form a joint creditors' front.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELauring2016-66">[66]</a> In 1620, her grandson-in-law, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_V_of_the_Palatinate" title="Frederick V of the Palatinate">Frederick V of the Palatinate</a>, husband to her granddaughter <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Stuart,_Queen_of_Bohemia" title="Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia">Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia</a>, was deposed. The couple soon fled <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a> and settled in <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>, and during this period, Elizabeth and Sophie maintained frequent correspondence. In 1621, Queen Dowager Sophie engaged her connections in <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a> and with "a mootherlie Caire", as described by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Anstruther_(diplomat)" title="Robert Anstruther (diplomat)">Sir Robert Antrusther</a>, she provided £20.000 (equivalent to approximately £4,500,000 today<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a>) to support the couple's immediate needs and "to serve the present want of heere highnes", as Sophie wrote.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkkerman2021161-68">[68]</a> During the latter stages of the Danish participation in the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a>, Dowager Queen Sophie played a diplomatic role by engaging in extensive correspondence with various parties involved. She corresponded with, among others, numerous <a href="/wiki/Prince-elector" title="Prince-elector">electors</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>, including <a href="/wiki/John_George_I,_Elector_of_Saxony" title="John George I, Elector of Saxony">John George I, Elector of Saxony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Elector_of_Bavaria" title="Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria">Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_of_Bavaria_(bishop)" title="Ferdinand of Bavaria (bishop)">Ferdinand of Bavaria, Archbishop-Elector of Cologne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Christoph_von_S%C3%B6tern" title="Philipp Christoph von Sötern">Philipp Christoph von Sötem, Archbishop-Elector of Trier</a> and <a href="/wiki/Georg_Friedrich_von_Greiffenklau" title="Georg Friedrich von Greiffenklau">Georg Friedrich von Greiffenklau, Archbishop-Elector of Mainz</a>, through which she established numerous declarations from German princes for their assistance in the promotion and intervention on behalf of peace, and to send delegates to participate in peace negotiations in <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck" title="Lübeck">Lübeck</a>, which in May 1629 led to the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_L%C3%BCbeck" title="Treaty of Lübeck">Treaty of Lübeck</a>, ending the Danish intervention in the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> She also corresponded with <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor</a>, notably concerning her displeasure at the inadequate protection of her financial interests during the Thirty Years' War, where <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">imperial</a> <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">supreme commander</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_von_Wallenstein" title="Albrecht von Wallenstein">Albrecht von Wallenstein</a>, had seized the <a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg" title="Mecklenburg">Mecklenburg</a> territories of her debtors, and refused to pay interest or installments on the debt.<a href="#cite_note-:3-70">[70]</a> Wallenstein had deposed her cousins and loanees, <a href="/wiki/John_Albert_II" title="John Albert II">John Albert II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Adolphus_Frederick_I" title="Adolphus Frederick I">Adolphus Frederick I, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin</a> in 1628, and Sophie provided “active support”, interceding on behalf of the dukes, and became deeply involved in the situation. She repeatedly pleaded the case before the emperor, and by exerting her influence with her son, Christian IV, she was able to secure them temporary aid.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Personally, she deferred interest and provided additional loans to the dukes, in addition to receiving <a href="/wiki/Anna_Maria_of_Ostfriesland" title="Anna Maria of Ostfriesland">Adolphus Frederick's wife</a> and children at <a href="/wiki/Nyk%C3%B8bing_Castle" title="Nykøbing Castle">Nykøbing Castle</a>, as the situation became unsafe in <a href="/wiki/Schwerin" title="Schwerin">Schwerin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> At the end of 1629, lively but inconclusive negotiations with the Imperial Court had taken place on the subject. Emperor Ferdinand II acquiesced to Sophie's requests and wrote several times to Wallenstein, but with no favourable outcome for the Dowager Queen.<a href="#cite_note-:3-70">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_life">Later life</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sophie_of_Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Later life">edit</a>]</div> She often visited Mecklenburg, and attended the wedding of her daughter, <a href="/wiki/Hedwig_of_Denmark" title="Hedwig of Denmark">Princess Hedwig</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Christian_II,_Elector_of_Saxony" title="Christian II, Elector of Saxony">Christian II, Elector of Saxony</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a> in 1602. She travelled with her family to <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCtzow" title="Bützow">Bützow</a> in March 1624, to attend the funeral of her son, <a href="/wiki/Ulrik_of_Denmark_(1578%E2%80%931624)" title="Ulrik of Denmark (1578–1624)">Ulrik, Prince-Bishop of Schwerin</a>. In 1603 she became involved in an inheritance dispute with her uncle, which remained unsolved at his death in 1610.<a href="#cite_note-Dansk_Kvindebiografisk_Leksikon2222-28">[28]</a> In 1608, she managed to soften the punishment of <a href="/wiki/Rigborg_Brockenhuus" title="Rigborg Brockenhuus">Rigborg Brockenhuus</a>, and in 1628, she was one of the influential people who prevented her son from having her grandson's lover, <a href="/wiki/Anne_Lykke" title="Anne Lykke">Anne Lykke</a>, accused of <a href="/wiki/Witchcraft" title="Witchcraft">witchcraft</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Dansk_Kvindebiografisk_Leksikon2222-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death,_fortune_and_inheritance_disputes">Death, fortune and inheritance disputes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sophie_of_Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Death, fortune and inheritance disputes">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Queen_Dowager_Sophie_of_Denmark.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Queen_Dowager_Sophie_of_Denmark.jpg/400px-Queen_Dowager_Sophie_of_Denmark.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="457" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Queen_Dowager_Sophie_of_Denmark.jpg/601px-Queen_Dowager_Sophie_of_Denmark.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Queen_Dowager_Sophie_of_Denmark.jpg/800px-Queen_Dowager_Sophie_of_Denmark.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="2339" /></a><figcaption>Dowager Queen Sophie, aged 70 years old, painted by <a href="/wiki/Jacob_van_Doordt" title="Jacob van Doordt">Jacob van Doordt</a> in 1626.<a href="#cite_note-:4-73">[73]</a> This is the last known portrait of Sophie before her death.</figcaption></figure> At the end of September 1631, Christian IV arrived in <a href="/wiki/Nyk%C3%B8bing_Falster" title="Nykøbing Falster">Nykøbing</a>. The Queen Dowager was seriously ill and was attended by the royal physician, Dr. Henning Arsenius. On 3 October the keys to the castle were handed over to the king's sister, <a href="/wiki/Augusta_of_Denmark" title="Augusta of Denmark">Duchess Augusta</a>, “because there is nothing more to hope for now than certain death”. Sophie died the following day.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScocozza1987209-74">[74]</a> When Sophie died in 1631 at <a href="/wiki/Nyk%C3%B8bing_Falster" title="Nykøbing Falster">Nykøbing Falster</a>, at the age of seventy-four, she was the richest woman in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELauring2016-66">[66]</a> She left three children, <a href="/wiki/Christian_IV_of_Denmark" title="Christian IV of Denmark">Christian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hedwig_of_Denmark" title="Hedwig of Denmark">Hedwig</a> and <a href="/wiki/Augusta_of_Denmark" title="Augusta of Denmark">Augusta</a>, four had died before her. All three attended the funeral, said to be conducted with great splendour. Her body was brought from Nykøbing via <a href="/wiki/Vordingborg" title="Vordingborg">Vordingborg</a> to <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>, and a solemn funeral service took place in the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady,_Copenhagen" title="Church of Our Lady, Copenhagen">Church of Our Lady</a> on 13 November 1631. The next day the body was taken to <a href="/wiki/Roskilde_Cathedral" title="Roskilde Cathedral">Roskilde Cathedral</a>, and laid to rest in the <a href="/wiki/Roskilde_Cathedral#Chapel_of_the_Magi_(Christian_I's_chapel)" title="Roskilde Cathedral">Chapel of the Magi</a>, beside her long-deceased husband.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriis1901138-75">[75]</a> The coffin with the queen's remains has since been transferred to the crypt underneath the actual chapel.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENielsenAskholm200767-76">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fortune_and_inheritance">Fortune and inheritance</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sophie_of_Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Fortune and inheritance">edit</a>]</div> Sophie left an absolutely enormous inheritance, which was valued at well over 5.5 million <a href="/wiki/Danish_rigsdaler" title="Danish rigsdaler">Danish rigsdaler</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarøe2020-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELauring2016-66">[66]</a> an amount difficult to convert to the present day, but at the time it was equivalent to approximately 10 times the annual <a href="/wiki/Government_revenue" title="Government revenue">government revenue</a> of the Danish-Norwegian state, compared to the period 1620–1622.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetersen2008296-77">[77]</a> In 1775, historian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Heinrich_Schlegel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Heinrich Schlegel (page does not exist)">Johann Heinrich Schlegel</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Heinrich_Schlegel" class="extiw" title="de:Johann Heinrich Schlegel">de</a>; <a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Heinrich_Schlegel" class="extiw" title="da:Johann Heinrich Schlegel">da</a>] estimated that the <a href="/wiki/Liquid_capital" title="Liquid capital">liquid</a> assets of her fortune in 1631, was equivalent to 27 tons of <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a> in 1775.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlegel1775146-78">[78]</a> Corrected for inflation, her combined fortune would thus be equivalent to several billion pounds. The Dowager Queen had left no actual <a href="/wiki/Will_and_testament" title="Will and testament">testament</a>, but in a letter to her son King Christian, she had declared that her three living children should receive a sizeable pre-legacy, a non-distributable portion (<a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a>: forlods), the rest to be divided according to <a href="/wiki/Law_of_Denmark" title="Law of Denmark">law</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriis1901138-75">[75]</a> with the exception of a few <a href="/wiki/Bequest" class="mw-redirect" title="Bequest">bequests</a>, including to <a href="/wiki/Sor%C3%B8_Academy" title="Sorø Academy">Sorø Academy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlegel1775149-79">[79]</a> The prelegacy consisted of all <a href="/wiki/Household_silver" title="Household silver">silverware</a> in the Queen's chambers at <a href="/wiki/Nyk%C3%B8bing_Castle" title="Nykøbing Castle">Nykøbing Castle</a>, all royal gold in her possession and her personal <a href="/wiki/Jewellery" title="Jewellery">jewellery</a>, clothes and <a href="/wiki/Linen" title="Linen">linen</a>, which were given to her daughters. The gold was divided equally between the king and his two sisters. This pre-distribution took place on 4 December 1631 at Nykøbing, a month after her funeral.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlegel1775142-80">[80]</a> After the distribution of the prelegacy, the main <a href="/wiki/Estate_(law)" title="Estate (law)">estate</a> itself was to be divided. The assets consisted of outstanding capital, <a href="/wiki/Interest" title="Interest">interest</a>, considerable <a href="/wiki/Cash" title="Cash">cash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jewellery" title="Jewellery">jewellery</a>, coins and sizeable collateralized territories in <a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg" title="Mecklenburg">Mecklenburg</a> – her dowerlands of <a href="/wiki/Lolland" title="Lolland">Lolland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Falster" title="Falster">Falster</a> reverted to the Crown. Her jewellery and valuables alone are believed to be worth over a million rigsdaler, and were stored in 45 large wooden chests.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriis1901139-81">[81]</a> Actively engaged in <a href="/wiki/Loan" title="Loan">money lending</a> to the end, a considerable part of Sophie's assets consisted of her outstanding capital. The largest borrower was her son, Christian IV, who in 1631 owed his mother more than a million <a href="/wiki/Danish_rigsdaler" title="Danish rigsdaler">Danish rigsdaler</a>. In addition, other family members such as her grandsons, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_Duke_of_Holstein-Gottorp" title="Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp">Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp</a> owed almost 600,000 rigsdaler, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Ulrich,_Duke_of_Brunswick-L%C3%BCneburg" title="Frederick Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg">Frederick Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg</a> over 300,000 rigsdaler, and her cousins, <a href="/wiki/John_Albert_II" title="John Albert II">John Albert II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Adolphus_Frederick_I" title="Adolphus Frederick I">Adolphus Frederick I, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin</a>, each owed 220,000 rigsdaler and almost 140,000 rigsdaler, respectively. The city of <a href="/wiki/Rostock" title="Rostock">Rostock</a> itself also had an unpaid debt of 20,000 rigsdaler.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlegel1775147-149-82">[82]</a> Furthermore, there was considerable <a href="/wiki/Interest" title="Interest">interest</a> to be recovered from her European lending business. In total, this amounted to well over 215,000 rigsdaler, including interest from <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_von_Wallenstein" title="Albrecht von Wallenstein">Albrecht von Wallenstein</a>, who owed the Queen 63,000 rigsdaler for his time as mortgage holder of the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Mecklenburg" title="Duchy of Mecklenburg">Duchy of Mecklenburg</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlegel1775148-83">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Claims_and_disputes">Claims and disputes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sophie_of_Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Claims and disputes">edit</a>]</div> Upon Sophie's death, a dispute quickly arose over her inheritance.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlsen2005146-48">[48]</a> As news of Sophie's demise spread across Northern Europe, several German principalities began dispatching <a href="/wiki/Envoy_(title)" title="Envoy (title)">envoys</a> to <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a> to negotiate and settle inheritance claims.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScocozza1987209-74">[74]</a> By letter of 31 December 1631, Christian IV summoned all heirs for the division of the main estate, and scheduled this for the following April (in 1632) at <a href="/wiki/Nyk%C3%B8bing_Castle" title="Nykøbing Castle">Nykøbing Castle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Falster" title="Falster">Falster</a>. Altogether, the inheritance settlement was completed by June 1632, although not without controversy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlegel1775152-84">[84]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="margin-right:20px;width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:289px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Sophia_Hedwig_van_Brunswijk-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel,_gravin_van_Nassau-Dietz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Sophia_Hedwig_van_Brunswijk-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%2C_gravin_van_Nassau-Dietz.jpg/220px-Sophia_Hedwig_van_Brunswijk-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%2C_gravin_van_Nassau-Dietz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Sophia_Hedwig_van_Brunswijk-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%2C_gravin_van_Nassau-Dietz.jpg/330px-Sophia_Hedwig_van_Brunswijk-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%2C_gravin_van_Nassau-Dietz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Sophia_Hedwig_van_Brunswijk-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%2C_gravin_van_Nassau-Dietz.jpg/440px-Sophia_Hedwig_van_Brunswijk-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%2C_gravin_van_Nassau-Dietz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3591" data-file-height="4724" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:147px;max-width:147px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:289px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Princess_Hedwig_of_Brunswick-Wolfebuttel,_Duchess_of_Pomerania.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Princess_Hedwig_of_Brunswick-Wolfebuttel%2C_Duchess_of_Pomerania.jpg/145px-Princess_Hedwig_of_Brunswick-Wolfebuttel%2C_Duchess_of_Pomerania.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Princess_Hedwig_of_Brunswick-Wolfebuttel%2C_Duchess_of_Pomerania.jpg/218px-Princess_Hedwig_of_Brunswick-Wolfebuttel%2C_Duchess_of_Pomerania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Princess_Hedwig_of_Brunswick-Wolfebuttel%2C_Duchess_of_Pomerania.jpg/290px-Princess_Hedwig_of_Brunswick-Wolfebuttel%2C_Duchess_of_Pomerania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1004" data-file-height="2000" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Hedwig_of_Brunswick-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel_(1592%E2%80%931642)" title="Sophie Hedwig of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1592–1642)">Sophie Hedwig of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel</a> (left) and <a href="/wiki/Hedwig_of_Brunswick-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel" title="Hedwig of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel">Hedwig of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel</a> (right), granddaughters of Sophie, who made persistent, but ultimately unsuccessful, efforts to claim part of her vast inheritance.</div></div></div></div> Some initial disputes even required <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">imperial</a> intervention. During the process of recording all the valuables Sophie left behind, it became known that her daughter, <a href="/wiki/Augusta_of_Denmark" title="Augusta of Denmark">Duchess Augusta</a>, retained one of the two original handwritten inventories of the estate, from when she was handed the keys to <a href="/wiki/Nyk%C3%B8bing_Castle" title="Nykøbing Castle">Nykøbing Castle</a>. Since amicable means of obtaining the inventory from the Duchess failed, an imperial mandate from <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand II</a>, was issued to her, dated 5 November 1635, in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlegel1775143-85">[85]</a> Discussions on the distribution of the <a href="/wiki/Estate_(law)" title="Estate (law)">estate</a> primarily concerned the extent of inheritance rights for the grandchildren of Sophie, more specifically the offspring of Sophie's two predeceased daughters <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Denmark" title="Anne of Denmark">Anne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Denmark,_Duchess_of_Brunswick-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel" title="Elizabeth of Denmark, Duchess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel">Elizabeth</a>. Her grandson, <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I of England</a>, ordered the English court to enter into <a href="/wiki/Mourning" title="Mourning">mourning</a>,<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> and immediately deployed an ambassador extraordinaire, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Sidney,_2nd_Earl_of_Leicester" title="Robert Sidney, 2nd Earl of Leicester">Robert Sidney, 2nd Earl of Leicester</a>, to the Danish court to offer condolences, and claim part of the inheritance.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHowell189238-87">[87]</a> Sophie's granddaughter, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Stuart,_Queen_of_Bohemia" title="Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia">Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia</a>, also sought a portion of the inheritance. Unlike her brother Charles, she had not inherited from her mother, <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Denmark" title="Anne of Denmark">Anne of Denmark</a>, and therefore argued that she should receive part of her brother's inheritance from their late grandmother. Initially Charles was accepting of this, but after he found out the vast size of the inheritance, totalling over 430.000 <a href="/wiki/Danish_rigsdaler" title="Danish rigsdaler">rigsdaler</a>, he changed his mind.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkkerman201137-88">[88]</a> However, <a href="/wiki/Christian_IV_of_Denmark" title="Christian IV of Denmark">Christian IV</a> quickly appropriated most of their inheritance, claiming that what he had seized only served to pay part of the English debt from 1620.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHull199347-89">[89]</a> During the spring of 1632, several representatives from <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Brunswick-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel" title="Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel">Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Prussia" title="Duchy of Prussia">Prussia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Holstein-Gottorp" title="Duke of Holstein-Gottorp">Holstein-Gottorp</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg" title="Mecklenburg">Mecklenburg</a>, began to arrive at the Danish Court to lodge inheritance demands on behalf of Elizabeth of Denmark's children. Ultimately, the majority of the principal <a href="/wiki/Heirs_of_the_body" title="Heirs of the body">heirs of the body</a> were denied inheritance because they were simultaneously <a href="/wiki/Debtor" title="Debtor">debtors</a> of her estate. This included Charles I, the Dukes of Holstein-Gottorp, Brunswick-Lüneburg, Mecklenburg-Güstrow, and Mecklenburg-Schwerin, but with some exceptions, such as her daughter, <a href="/wiki/Hedwig_of_Denmark" title="Hedwig of Denmark">Hedwig of Denmark, Electress of Saxony</a>, who received the outstanding Mecklenburg assets, totalling over 360.000 rigsdaler.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlegel1775154-90">[90]</a> Most accepted this settlement, while others disputed it fiercely. In particular, <a href="/wiki/Sophie_Hedwig_of_Brunswick-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel_(1592%E2%80%931642)" title="Sophie Hedwig of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1592–1642)">Sophie Hedwig, Countess of Nassau-Dietz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hedwig_of_Brunswick-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel" title="Hedwig of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel">Hedwig, Duchess of Pomerania</a> made tenacious demands, and wistfully lamented that they were left empty-handed due to their brother, Frederick Ulrich's debt, from which they themselves had not benefited.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlegel1775156-91">[91]</a> The disputes over inheritance persisted long after Sophie's passing.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScocozza1987209-74">[74]</a> In 1654, over 20 years after her death, <a href="/wiki/William_Frederick,_Prince_of_Nassau-Dietz" title="William Frederick, Prince of Nassau-Dietz">William Frederick, Prince of Nassau-Dietz</a>, the son of the aforementioned Countess of Nassau-Diez and <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Casimir_I,_Count_of_Nassau-Dietz" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernest Casimir I, Count of Nassau-Dietz">Count Ernest Casimir I</a>, launched an appeal to recover his mother’s share of Queen Sophia's inheritance. A Danish envoy was dispatched from the court of Sophie's grandson, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_III_of_Denmark" title="Frederick III of Denmark">Frederick III</a>, and a favourable settlement was negotiated between the <a href="/wiki/Brunswick%E2%80%93L%C3%BCneburg" title="Brunswick–Lüneburg">Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/House_of_Nassau" title="House of Nassau">Nassau-Diez</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlegel1775159-160-92">[92]</a> In the end, Christian IV emerged as the unsurpassed principal beneficiary of Sophie's disposable fortune, but he quickly squandered the inheritance on costly <a href="/wiki/Torstenson_War" title="Torstenson War">wars with Sweden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian,_Prince-Elect_of_Denmark" title="Christian, Prince-Elect of Denmark">his eldest son's</a> wedding and construction activities.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Character_and_legacy">Character and legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sophie_of_Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Character and legacy">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nederlandsk_maler,_17._%C3%A5rh._-_Portr%C3%A6t_af_Dronning_Sophie.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Nederlandsk_maler%2C_17._%C3%A5rh._-_Portr%C3%A6t_af_Dronning_Sophie.png/350px-Nederlandsk_maler%2C_17._%C3%A5rh._-_Portr%C3%A6t_af_Dronning_Sophie.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="426" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Nederlandsk_maler%2C_17._%C3%A5rh._-_Portr%C3%A6t_af_Dronning_Sophie.png/525px-Nederlandsk_maler%2C_17._%C3%A5rh._-_Portr%C3%A6t_af_Dronning_Sophie.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Nederlandsk_maler%2C_17._%C3%A5rh._-_Portr%C3%A6t_af_Dronning_Sophie.png/700px-Nederlandsk_maler%2C_17._%C3%A5rh._-_Portr%C3%A6t_af_Dronning_Sophie.png 2x" data-file-width="2422" data-file-height="2948" /></a><figcaption>Sophie as queen dowager, by Dutch painter <a href="/wiki/Jacob_van_Doordt" title="Jacob van Doordt">Jacob van Doordt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:4-73">[73]</a></figcaption></figure> Sophie of Mecklenburg was initially described as a "prudent and capable" woman,<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> but reserved and uninterested in political power.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJørgensenSkovgaard1910121-95">[95]</a> However, this changed dramatically in her widowhood, when she became an assertive figure in conflicts with the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Realm_(Denmark)" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of the Realm (Denmark)">Council of the Realm</a>. This transformation earned her descriptions such as "a fury of a mother"<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> and, later in life, a "confident old lady".<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contemporary_and_historical_portrayal">Contemporary and historical portrayal</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sophie_of_Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Contemporary and historical portrayal">edit</a>]</div> Contemporary accounts of Sophie's character are divergent, though largely positive in nature, especially from foreign observers. The majority of the limited contemporaneous sources portray her positively. In 1588, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Rogers_(diplomat)" title="Daniel Rogers (diplomat)">Daniel Rodgers</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Anglo" title="Anglo">Anglo</a>-<a href="/wiki/Flemish_people" title="Flemish people">Flemish</a> diplomat employed for <a href="/wiki/William_Cecil,_1st_Baron_Burghley" title="William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley">Lord Burghley</a>, as a spy to report the characters of the <a href="/wiki/Danish_royal_family" title="Danish royal family">Danish royal family</a>, wrote of Queen Sophie; "She is a right <a href="/wiki/Virtue" title="Virtue">virtous</a> and godly princess, who with a motherly care and great wisdom, ruleth her children".<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> When a <a href="/wiki/Canon_(title)" title="Canon (title)">canon</a> of <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck" title="Lübeck">Lübeck</a>, Hermann <a href="/wiki/Zesterfleth_(family)" title="Zesterfleth (family)">von Zesterfleth</a>, visited Denmark in 1600, he noted that the dowager queen was able to extract large sums of revenue from her estate because of her highly efficient agricultural operations and management.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScocozza198914-15-100">[100]</a> When she died in 1631, observers described her as "a lady of great thrift and enterprise", and the secretary to the <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_Kingdom_of_England_to_Denmark" title="List of ambassadors of the Kingdom of England to Denmark">English Ambassador in Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Howell" title="James Howell">James Howell</a>, remarked that she was the "richest Queen in Christendom".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor187436-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> However, domestic political power dynamics have resulted in a more negative perception of her character, which has left its mark on <a href="/wiki/History_of_Denmark" title="History of Denmark">Danish history</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:02-21">[21]</a> Because of her significant wealth and consequent influence, and undoubtedly exacerbated by earlier disputes with the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Realm_(Denmark)" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of the Realm (Denmark)">Council of the Realm</a> about the maturity and <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regency</a> of <a href="/wiki/Christian_IV_of_Denmark" title="Christian IV of Denmark">Christian IV</a>, she was viewed by some contemporary <a href="/wiki/Danish_nobility" title="Danish nobility">Danish nobles</a> as being cynical, greedy and avaricious. Later, predominantly male historians echoed these sentiments, dismissing Sophie as having an "economic sense that bordered on avarice,"<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> an "imperious character,"<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> and describing her as being in the grip of her emotions, with a bitter passion, a violent combativeness, and a fierce temperament.<a href="#cite_note-:02-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENielsenAskholm200768-104">[104]</a> Other historians have treated Sophie superficially or somewhat perfunctorily in footnotes. Historian <a href="/w/index.php?title=G.L._Baden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G.L. Baden (page does not exist)">G.L. Baden</a> [<a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/G.L._Baden" class="extiw" title="da:G.L. Baden">da</a>], in his History of the Kingdom of Denmark, succinctly described Sophie as "talented".<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Sophie's legacy has largely been overshadowed by the story of <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II_of_Denmark" title="Frederick II of Denmark">Frederick II's</a> youthful love affair with the noblewoman <a href="/wiki/Anne_Hardenberg" title="Anne Hardenberg">Anne Hardenberg</a>. The royal couple's relationship has even been portrayed as unhappy, including by the Danish author <a href="/w/index.php?title=H.F._Ewald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="H.F. Ewald (page does not exist)">H.F. Ewald</a> [<a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.F._Ewald" class="extiw" title="da:H.F. Ewald">da</a>], who wrote a number of <a href="/wiki/Historical_fiction" title="Historical fiction">historical novels</a>, including Anna Hardenberg (1880), which brought this flawed narrative into many Danish homes. Likewise, her claim to the role of <a href="/wiki/Legal_guardian" title="Legal guardian">guardian</a> (and <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a>) has been judged negatively by earlier historians.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBisgaard2004141-142-19">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_characterization_and_reappraisals">Modern characterization and reappraisals</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sophie_of_Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Modern characterization and reappraisals">edit</a>]</div> Recent reevaluations of Sophie’s life present her in a much more nuanced light. She is now acknowledged as intelligent, industrious and strategic, and determined to consolidate her political influence in the <a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Norway" title="Denmark–Norway">Danish-Norwegian realm</a>, after the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Realm_(Denmark)" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of the Realm (Denmark)">Council of the Realm</a> rejected her as guardian of her son in 1588 - something she successfully achieved through immense financial leverage.<a href="#cite_note-:02-21">[21]</a> She is chiefly remembered for her impressive financial acumen and as the eternal source of pecuniary support for her son Christian IV.<a href="#cite_note-:12-12">[12]</a> She funded some of the greatest <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_architecture" title="Renaissance architecture">Renaissance constructions</a> in Denmark, including <a href="/wiki/Rundetaarn" title="Rundetaarn">Rundetårn</a>, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B8rsen" title="Børsen">Børsen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rosenborg_Castle" title="Rosenborg Castle">Rosenborg Castle</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:5-106">[106]</a> and also subsidized the rebuilding and expansion of <a href="/wiki/Frederiksborg_Castle" title="Frederiksborg Castle">Frederiksborg Castle</a> as well as the restoration of <a href="/wiki/Kronborg" title="Kronborg">Kronborg</a> following the 1629 fire, that destroyed much of it.<a href="#cite_note-:5-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> Although often described as avaricious, this view has since been firmly rejected. As early as 1910, <a href="/wiki/Ellen_J%C3%B8rgensen_(historian)" title="Ellen Jørgensen (historian)">Ellen Jørgensen</a> and Johanne Skovgaard, in their work on <a href="/wiki/List_of_Danish_royal_consorts" title="List of Danish royal consorts">Danish queens</a>, emphasized that "Queen Sophie (...) can hardly justifiably be accused of having been mean or ungenerous. Her financial sense was of an active rather than a passive nature, and the significant profits were due to an enterprise that was abundant in initiative rather than in anxious frugality". She funded considerable charitable causes in her estate, notably the construction of hospitals and substantial grants to schools.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJørgensenSkovgaard1910136-138-108">[108]</a> Danish historian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Benito_Scocozza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benito Scocozza (page does not exist)">Benito Scocozza</a> [<a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benito_Scocozza" class="extiw" title="da:Benito Scocozza">da</a>] describes her management of the dower estate as having a “firmness and ruthlessness that hardly made her popular on the islands (<a href="/wiki/Lolland" title="Lolland">Lolland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Falster" title="Falster">Falster</a>)”,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScocozza1987207-109">[109]</a> while other historians note that under her authority, "the <a href="/wiki/Dower" title="Dower">dowerlands</a> became her little <a href="/wiki/Principality" title="Principality">principality</a>, where she was dedicated to the welfare of her subjects and protected them from external enemies and local <a href="/wiki/Bailiff" title="Bailiff">bailiffs</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJespersen202243-110">[110]</a> Sophie is now recognized as "arguably the most prominent <a href="/wiki/Land_tenure" title="Land tenure">landowner</a> of the era". Upon the death of her husband, she "stepped forward authoritatively",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen202129-111">[111]</a> and with "tremendous energy" she engaged in a "bitter struggle" to secure her children's economic and political future.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThiedecke2021Overklassefruerne_6._De_Adelige_Fruer-112">[112]</a> Her ability to conduct "able politicking" even influenced her daughter <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Denmark" title="Anne of Denmark">Anne, Queen of Scotland and England</a>, as noted in <a href="/wiki/Nadine_Akkerman" title="Nadine Akkerman">Nadine Akkermann</a>'s 2013 book on court cultures in the <a href="/wiki/Early_Middle_Ages" title="Early Middle Ages">early Middle Ages</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFry2014270-113">[113]</a> <a href="/wiki/History_of_literature" title="History of literature">Literary historian</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Leeds_Barroll&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Leeds Barroll (page does not exist)">John Leeds Barroll</a> [<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q112541030#sitelinks-wikipedia" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q112541030">Wikidata</a>], also describes her as "a highly gifted woman".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarroll2005193-63">[63]</a> Historian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sybil_Jack&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sybil Jack (page does not exist)">Sybil Jack</a> [<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q63676434#sitelinks-wikipedia" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q63676434">Wikidata</a>] has posited some motives for Sophie's endeavors during her widowhood: denied formal executive political power by the <a href="/wiki/Danish_nobility" title="Danish nobility">Danish nobility</a>, Sophie became determined to seize economic power. And contrary to her previous undertakings, Sophie was absolutely successful in this regard.<a href="#cite_note-:02-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJack2019105-106-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interests">Interests</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sophie_of_Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Interests">edit</a>]</div> Sophie was a fervent <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran Protestant</a>. Raised by strongly <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> parents, Sophie was particularly influenced by her attachment to <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_orthodoxy" title="Lutheran orthodoxy">orthodox lutheranism</a> and her animosity towards the "<a href="/wiki/Reformed_Christianity" title="Reformed Christianity">calvinistic religion</a>", which she considered to be the work of the <a href="/wiki/Devil" title="Devil">devil</a>.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> She and her husband were markedly anti-<a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> and supported the teachings of <a href="/wiki/Niels_Hemmingsen" title="Niels Hemmingsen">Niels Hemmingsen</a>, but their primary focus was on ensuring religious stability and conformity in Denmark rather than engaging in detailed theological debate.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJack2019103-115">[115]</a> Sophie’s intellectual interests were diverse. She was highly erudite, with a particular affinity for books of a <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theological</a> nature, but she also had a strong interest in <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">folk culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">music</a>. She occupies a very special place in history as the driving force behind <a href="/wiki/Anders_S%C3%B8rensen_Vedel" title="Anders Sørensen Vedel">Anders Sørensen's</a> ‘Hundred Song Book’ (<a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a>: Hundredvisebogen) from 1591, Europe's first ever printed collection of traditional ballads.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> In addition to her literary pursuits, Sophie was actively involved in extensive correspondence and <a href="/wiki/Gift_economy" title="Gift economy">gift exchanges</a>, described as favoring "a certain magnanimity in gifts".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETroels-Lund190344-118">[118]</a> She was referred to as a "splendid lady" who exchanged gifts with various German princely houses and even with the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Imperial Court</a> in <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Issue">Issue</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sophie_of_Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Issue">edit</a>]</div> Sophie and Frederick had seven children: <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Portrait </th> <th>Birth </th> <th>Death </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Denmark,_Duchess_of_Brunswick-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel" title="Elizabeth of Denmark, Duchess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel">Elizabeth of Denmark</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Elizabeth_of_Denmark,_Duchess_of_Brunswick-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Elizabeth_of_Denmark%2C_Duchess_of_Brunswick-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel.jpg/120px-Elizabeth_of_Denmark%2C_Duchess_of_Brunswick-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Elizabeth_of_Denmark%2C_Duchess_of_Brunswick-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel.jpg/180px-Elizabeth_of_Denmark%2C_Duchess_of_Brunswick-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Elizabeth_of_Denmark%2C_Duchess_of_Brunswick-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel.jpg/241px-Elizabeth_of_Denmark%2C_Duchess_of_Brunswick-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="868" data-file-height="1125" /></a> </td> <td>25 August 1573 </td> <td>19 June 1625 </td> <td>She married on 19 April 1590 <a href="/wiki/Henry_Julius,_Duke_of_Brunswick-L%C3%BCneburg" title="Henry Julius, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg">Henry Julius, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg</a>. They had 10 children. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Denmark" title="Anne of Denmark">Anne of Denmark</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Anne_of_Denmark_1605.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Anne_of_Denmark_1605.jpg/120px-Anne_of_Denmark_1605.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Anne_of_Denmark_1605.jpg/180px-Anne_of_Denmark_1605.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Anne_of_Denmark_1605.jpg/239px-Anne_of_Denmark_1605.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2622" /></a> </td> <td>12 December 1574 </td> <td>2 March 1619 </td> <td>She married on 23 November 1589 King <a href="/wiki/James_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="James I of England">James VI of Scotland</a> (later also King James I of England). They had 7 children. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian_IV_of_Denmark" title="Christian IV of Denmark">Christian IV, King of Denmark and Norway</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Christian_IV_Pieter_Isaacsz_1612.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Christian_IV_Pieter_Isaacsz_1612.jpg/119px-Christian_IV_Pieter_Isaacsz_1612.jpg" decoding="async" width="119" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Christian_IV_Pieter_Isaacsz_1612.jpg/178px-Christian_IV_Pieter_Isaacsz_1612.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Christian_IV_Pieter_Isaacsz_1612.jpg/238px-Christian_IV_Pieter_Isaacsz_1612.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2300" data-file-height="2821" /></a> </td> <td>12 April 1577 </td> <td>28 February 1648 </td> <td>He married firstly on 27 November 1597 <a href="/wiki/Anne_Catherine_of_Brandenburg" title="Anne Catherine of Brandenburg">Anne Catherine of Brandenburg</a>. They had 7 children. He married secondly, <a href="/wiki/Morganatic_marriage" title="Morganatic marriage">morganatically</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kirsten_Munk" title="Kirsten Munk">Kirsten Munk</a>. They had 12 children. Christian had at least 5 other illegitimate children. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ulrik_of_Denmark_(1578%E2%80%931624)" title="Ulrik of Denmark (1578–1624)">Ulrik of Denmark</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Hertug_Ulrik.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Hertug_Ulrik.jpg/120px-Hertug_Ulrik.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Hertug_Ulrik.jpg/180px-Hertug_Ulrik.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Hertug_Ulrik.jpg/240px-Hertug_Ulrik.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3680" /></a> </td> <td>30 December 1578 </td> <td>27 March 1624 </td> <td>He became last <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Schleswig" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Schleswig">Bishop of the old Schleswig see</a> (1602–1624), He became Ulrich II as Administrator of the <a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Schwerin" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishopric of Schwerin">Prince-Bishopric of Schwerin</a> (1603–1624). He married Lady Catherine <a href="/wiki/Von_Hahn" title="Von Hahn">Hahn</a>-Hinrichshagen. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Augusta_of_Denmark" title="Augusta of Denmark">Augusta of Denmark</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Augusta_af_Danmark_NMGrh_1306_.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Augusta_af_Danmark_NMGrh_1306_.jpg/120px-Augusta_af_Danmark_NMGrh_1306_.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Augusta_af_Danmark_NMGrh_1306_.jpg/180px-Augusta_af_Danmark_NMGrh_1306_.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Augusta_af_Danmark_NMGrh_1306_.jpg/240px-Augusta_af_Danmark_NMGrh_1306_.jpg 2x" data-file-width="514" data-file-height="591" /></a> </td> <td>8 April 1580 </td> <td>5 February 1639 </td> <td>She married on 30 August 1596 <a href="/wiki/John_Adolf,_Duke_of_Holstein-Gottorp" title="John Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp">John Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp</a>. They had 8 children. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hedwig_of_Denmark" title="Hedwig of Denmark">Hedwig of Denmark</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Hedevig_af_Sachsen.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Hedevig_af_Sachsen.JPG/120px-Hedevig_af_Sachsen.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Hedevig_af_Sachsen.JPG/180px-Hedevig_af_Sachsen.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Hedevig_af_Sachsen.JPG/240px-Hedevig_af_Sachsen.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1689" data-file-height="1267" /></a> </td> <td>5 August 1581 </td> <td>26 November 1641 </td> <td>She married on 12 September 1602 <a href="/wiki/Christian_II,_Elector_of_Saxony" title="Christian II, Elector of Saxony">Christian II, Elector of Saxony</a>. The marriage was childless </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John,_Prince_of_Schleswig-Holstein" title="John, Prince of Schleswig-Holstein">John of Denmark, Prince of Schleswig-Holstein</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Hans_1583-1602.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Hans_1583-1602.jpg/51px-Hans_1583-1602.jpg" decoding="async" width="51" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Hans_1583-1602.jpg/77px-Hans_1583-1602.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Hans_1583-1602.jpg/103px-Hans_1583-1602.jpg 2x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="496" /></a> </td> <td>9 July 1583 </td> <td>28 October 1602 </td> <td>He was betrothed to <a href="/wiki/Tsarevna" title="Tsarevna">Tsarevna</a> <a href="/wiki/Ksenia_Godunova" class="mw-redirect" title="Ksenia Godunova">Ksenia</a> (Xenia) daughter of <a href="/wiki/Boris_Godunov" title="Boris Godunov">Boris Godunov</a>, Tsar of Russia, but died before the marriage could take place. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancestry">Ancestry</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sophie_of_Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Ancestry">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg_Ancestral_Table" title="Mecklenburg Ancestral Table">Mecklenburg Ancestral Table</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1268078990">.mw-parser-output table.ahnentafel{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel tr{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-t{border-top:var(--color-base,#000)solid 1px;border-left:var(--color-base,#000)solid 1px}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-b{border-bottom:var(--color-base,#000)solid 1px;border-left:var(--color-base,#000)solid 1px}</style><div class="noresize"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin:0.3em auto;clear:none;min-width:60em;width:auto;font-size:88%;border:1px solid #aaa"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none;color:inherit;width:auto">Ancestors of Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow</th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><table class="ahnentafel" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">8. <a href="/wiki/Magnus_II,_Duke_of_Mecklenburg" title="Magnus II, Duke of Mecklenburg">Magnus II, Duke of Mecklenburg</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #ffc;">4. <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_VII,_Duke_of_Mecklenburg" title="Albrecht VII, Duke of Mecklenburg">Albrecht VII, Duke of Mecklenburg</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">9. <a href="/wiki/Sophie_of_Pomerania-Stettin" class="mw-redirect" title="Sophie of Pomerania-Stettin">Sophie of Pomerania</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #fb9;">2. <a href="/wiki/Ulrich_III,_Duke_of_Mecklenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulrich III, Duke of Mecklenburg">Ulrich III, Duke of Mecklenburg</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">10. <a href="/wiki/Joachim_I_Nestor,_Elector_of_Brandenburg" title="Joachim I Nestor, Elector of Brandenburg">Joachim I Nestor, Elector of Brandenburg</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #ffc;">5. <a href="/wiki/Anna_of_Brandenburg,_Duchess_of_Mecklenburg" title="Anna of Brandenburg, Duchess of Mecklenburg">Anna of Brandenburg</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">11. <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Denmark,_Electress_of_Brandenburg" title="Elizabeth of Denmark, Electress of Brandenburg">Elizabeth of Denmark</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #fcc;">1. Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">12. <a href="/wiki/Christian_I_of_Denmark" title="Christian I of Denmark">Christian I of Denmark</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #ffc;">6. <a href="/wiki/Frederick_I_of_Denmark" title="Frederick I of Denmark">Frederick I of Denmark</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">13. <a href="/wiki/Dorothea_of_Brandenburg" title="Dorothea of Brandenburg">Dorothea of Brandenburg</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #fb9;">3. <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Denmark,_Duchess_of_Mecklenburg" title="Elizabeth of Denmark, Duchess of Mecklenburg">Elizabeth of Denmark</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">14. <a href="/wiki/Bogislaw_X,_Duke_of_Pomerania" class="mw-redirect" title="Bogislaw X, Duke of Pomerania">Bogislaw X, Duke of Pomerania</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #ffc;">7. <a href="/wiki/Sophie_of_Pomerania" title="Sophie of Pomerania">Sophie of Pomerania</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">15. <a href="/wiki/Anna_Jagiellon,_Duchess_of_Pomerania" title="Anna Jagiellon, Duchess of Pomerania">Anna Jagiellon</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sophie_of_Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sophie_of_Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Dansk_Kvindebiografisk_Leksikon222-1"><a href="#cite_ref-Dansk_Kvindebiografisk_Leksikon222_1-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kvinfo.dk/side/597/bio/1348/origin/170/">Dansk Kvindebiografisk Leksikon</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kongeligeslotte.dk/da/slotte-og-haver/kronborg-slot/udforsk-kronborg-slot/frederik-2.html">"Frederik 2. - Kronborg Slot"</a>. kongeligeslotte.dk. 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Lund University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Muses+and+Patrons+%3A+Cultures+of+Natural+Philosophy+in+Seventeenth+Century+Scandinavia&rft.degree=thesis%2Fdocmono&rft.inst=Lund+University&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Danneskiold-Sams%C3%B8e&rft.aufirst=Jakob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flup.lub.lu.se%2Frecord%2F21867&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"> Page 141 </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGun1930" class="citation journal cs1">Gun, W. T. J. (1930). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2984956">"The heredity of the stewarts: A remarkably varied family"</a>. 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University of Buckingham.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Anglo-French+Relations+and+the+%27Protestant+Party%27%3A+The+Earl+of+Leicester+and+His+Circle%2C+1636-41.&rft.degree=Doctoral&rft.inst=University+of+Buckingham&rft.date=2021&rft.aulast=Dickinson&rft.aufirst=Fraser+John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbear.buckingham.ac.uk%2F521%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"> Page 26 </li> <li id="cite_note-:111222-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:111222_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:111222_11-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:111222_11-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:111222_11-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:111222_11-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPetersen1982" class="citation journal cs1">Petersen, E. 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Scandinavian Journal of History. 7 (1–4): 277–313. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03468758208579010">10.1080/03468758208579010</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0346-8755">0346-8755</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+Journal+of+History&rft.atitle=Defence%2C+war+and+finance%3A+Christian+iv+and+the+council+of+the+realm+1596%E2%80%931629&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E277-%3C%2Fspan%3E313&rft.date=1982-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03468758208579010&rft.issn=0346-8755&rft.aulast=Petersen&rft.aufirst=E.+Ladewig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%2F03468758208579010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:12_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_12-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPetersen1974" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petersen, E. Ladewig (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pi.lib.uchicago.edu/1001/cat/bib/312358">Christian IV.s pengeudlån til danske adelige. Kongelig foretagervirksomhed og adelig gældstiftelse 1596-1625</a> [Christian IV's money lending to Danish nobles. Royal enterprise and noble indebtedness 1596-1625.]. Publikation - Institut for økonomsk historie, Københavns universitet ; nr. 8 (in Danish). Institute of Economic History, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Copenhagen" title="University of Copenhagen">University of Copenhagen</a>: <a href="/wiki/Akademisk_Forlag" title="Akademisk Forlag">Akademisk Forlag</a>. p. 54. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-500-1474-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-500-1474-4"><bdi>978-87-500-1474-4</bdi></a>. <q>Denne evigt uudtømmelige rigdomskilde fik da i praksis karakter af direkte eller indirekte subsidier til den kongelige kabinetspolitik.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christian+IV.s+pengeudl%C3%A5n+til+danske+adelige.+Kongelig+foretagervirksomhed+og+adelig+g%C3%A6ldstiftelse+1596-1625.&rft.place=Institute+of+Economic+History%2C+University+of+Copenhagen&rft.series=Publikation+-+Institut+for+%C3%B8konomsk+historie%2C+K%C3%B8benhavns+universitet+%3B+nr.+8&rft.pages=54&rft.pub=Akademisk+Forlag&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-87-500-1474-4&rft.aulast=Petersen&rft.aufirst=E.+Ladewig&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpi.lib.uchicago.edu%2F1001%2Fcat%2Fbib%2F312358&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdams199765-13"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdams199765_13-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAdams1997">Adams 1997</a>, p. 65. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor187436-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor187436_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor187436_14-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFTaylor1874">Taylor 1874</a>, p. 36. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJack2019105-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJack2019105_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJack2019105_15-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJack2019105_15-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFJack2019">Jack 2019</a>, p. 105. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWiesner-Hanks202431-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWiesner-Hanks202431_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWiesner-Hanks202431_16-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFWiesner-Hanks2024">Wiesner-Hanks 2024</a>, p. 31. </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoyal_Danish_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Letters1847" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Danish_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Letters" title="Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters">Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters</a> (1847). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/regestadiplomat03copegoog">Regesta diplomatica historiae danicae. 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Odense: Dansk Handel & Industri Forlag. pp. 15–17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nyk%C3%B8bing-Falster&rft.btitle=K%C3%B8bst%C3%A6derne+i+Lolland-Falsters+Stift&rft.place=Odense&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E15-%3C%2Fspan%3E17&rft.edition=I.-VII.&rft.pub=Dansk+Handel+%26+Industri+Forlag&rft.date=1918&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kb.dk%2Fe-mat%2Fdod%2F130022881941-bw.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJørgensenSkovgaard1910121-95"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJørgensenSkovgaard1910121_95-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJørgensenSkovgaard1910">Jørgensen & Skovgaard 1910</a>, p. 121. </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHelleberg2016" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Helleberg, Maria (8 September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Wb0vDQAAQBAJ">Et herregårdsliv - Brahetrolleborg</a> (in Danish). Lindhardt og Ringhof. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-11-49004-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-11-49004-4"><bdi>978-87-11-49004-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Et+herreg%C3%A5rdsliv+-+Brahetrolleborg&rft.pub=Lindhardt+og+Ringhof&rft.date=2016-09-08&rft.isbn=978-87-11-49004-4&rft.aulast=Helleberg&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWb0vDQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPoulsenLassen1973" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Poulsen, Vagn; Lassen, Erik (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=b6iUyAEACAAJ">Dansk kunsthistorie: Lassen, E. 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London : Colburn. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-665-49790-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-665-49790-2"><bdi>978-0-665-49790-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lives+of+the+Queens+of+England+from+the+Norman+conquest+%5Bmicroform%5D+%3A+now+first+published+from+official+records+%26+other+authentic+documents%2C+private+as+well+as+public&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=London+%3A+Colburn&rft.date=1851&rft.isbn=978-0-665-49790-2&rft.aulast=Strickland&rft.aufirst=Agnes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcihm_49790&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEllis1827" class="citation book cs1">Ellis, Henry (1827). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CBazNzH812oC&q=Queene&pg=PA143">Original Letters, Illustrative of English History</a>. 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Schubothe. p. 435.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Danmarks+riges+historie&rft.pages=435&rft.pub=Kj%C3%B8benhavn%2C+J.H.+Schubothe&rft.date=1829&rft.aulast=Baden&rft.aufirst=G.+L.+%28Gustav+Ludvig%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdanmarksrigeshi02badegoog%2Fpage%2Fn512%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fq%3Denkedronning%2BSophie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-106">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_106-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_106-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://denstoredanske.lex.dk/Sophie_af_Mecklenburg">"Sophie af Mecklenburg - Dansk dronning 1572-1631 - Lex"</a>. Den Store Danske | Lex (in Danish). 12 September 2024. 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Retrieved 28 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nykobingfalster.dk&rft.atitle=I+Dronning+Sophies+fodspor&rft.date=2020&rft.au=Nyk%C3%B8bing+Falster+Turistforenings&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nykobingfalster.dk%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F07%2Ftorsdag_Nyk%25C3%25B8bing-F-Turist_byvandring-brochure-M65_DK.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJørgensenSkovgaard1910136-138-108"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJørgensenSkovgaard1910136-138_108-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJørgensenSkovgaard1910">Jørgensen & Skovgaard 1910</a>, p. 136-138. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScocozza1987207-109"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScocozza1987207_109-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFScocozza1987">Scocozza 1987</a>, p. 207. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJespersen202243-110"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJespersen202243_110-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJespersen2022">Jespersen 2022</a>, p. 43. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen202129-111"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen202129_111-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLarsen2021">Larsen 2021</a>, p. 29. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThiedecke2021Overklassefruerne_6._De_Adelige_Fruer-112"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThiedecke2021Overklassefruerne_6._De_Adelige_Fruer_112-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThiedecke2021">Thiedecke 2021</a>, p. Overklassefruerne 6. De Adelige Fruer. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFry2014270-113"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFry2014270_113-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFry2014">Fry 2014</a>, p. 270. </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JKlDAAAAYAAJ">Danmarks riges historie: 1588-1699 af J.A. Fridericia</a> (in Danish). Gyldendalske boghandel. 1907. pp. 10–11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Danmarks+riges+historie%3A+1588-1699+af+J.A.+Fridericia&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E10-%3C%2Fspan%3E11&rft.pub=Gyldendalske+boghandel&rft.date=1907&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJKlDAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJack2019103-115"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJack2019103_115-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJack2019">Jack 2019</a>, p. 103. </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dansklitteraturshistorie.lex.dk/Hundredvisebogen">"Hundredvisebogen"</a>. Dansk litteraturs historie | Lex (in Danish). 29 May 2020. Retrieved 30 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dansk+litteraturs+historie+%7C+Lex&rft.atitle=Hundredvisebogen&rft.date=2020-05-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdansklitteraturshistorie.lex.dk%2FHundredvisebogen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDahlerup2024" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dahlerup, Pil (30 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oSvwEAAAQBAJ">Dansk litteratur. Middelalder 2. Verdslig litteratur</a> (in Danish). Lindhardt og Ringhof. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-27-13007-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-27-13007-1"><bdi>978-87-27-13007-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dansk+litteratur.+Middelalder+2.+Verdslig+litteratur&rft.pub=Lindhardt+og+Ringhof&rft.date=2024-01-30&rft.isbn=978-87-27-13007-1&rft.aulast=Dahlerup&rft.aufirst=Pil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoSvwEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETroels-Lund190344-118"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETroels-Lund190344_118-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTroels-Lund1903">Troels-Lund 1903</a>, p. 44. </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLiisberg2020" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Liisberg, H. C. Bering (21 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ltEBEAAAQBAJ">Christian den Fjerde og Guldsmedene</a> (in Danish). Lindhardt og Ringhof. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-26-30656-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-26-30656-9"><bdi>978-87-26-30656-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christian+den+Fjerde+og+Guldsmedene&rft.pub=Lindhardt+og+Ringhof&rft.date=2020-10-21&rft.isbn=978-87-26-30656-9&rft.aulast=Liisberg&rft.aufirst=H.+C.+Bering&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DltEBEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sophie_of_Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAdams1997" class="citation book cs1">Adams, Simon (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QwiQVy3BVs8C">The Thirty Years' War</a>. Routledge & Kegan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7100-9788-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7100-9788-0"><bdi>978-0-7100-9788-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Thirty+Years%27+War&rft.pub=Routledge+%26+Kegan&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-7100-9788-0&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQwiQVy3BVs8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAkkerman2011" class="citation book cs1">Akkerman, Nadine (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QhExCgAAQBAJ">The Correspondence of Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia</a>. Vol. II (1st ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0199551088" title="Special:BookSources/978-0199551088"><bdi>978-0199551088</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Correspondence+of+Elizabeth+Stuart%2C+Queen+of+Bohemia&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0199551088&rft.aulast=Akkerman&rft.aufirst=Nadine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQhExCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAkkerman2021" class="citation book cs1">Akkerman, Nadine (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VYhNEAAAQBAJ">Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Hearts</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-966830-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-966830-4"><bdi>978-0-19-966830-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elizabeth+Stuart%2C+Queen+of+Hearts&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-0-19-966830-4&rft.aulast=Akkerman&rft.aufirst=Nadine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVYhNEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAshton1960" class="citation book cs1">Ashton, Robert (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2JwvAAAAMAAJ">The Crown and the money market, 1603-1640</a>. Clarendon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0198282198" title="Special:BookSources/978-0198282198"><bdi>978-0198282198</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Crown+and+the+money+market%2C+1603-1640&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1960&rft.isbn=978-0198282198&rft.aulast=Ashton&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2JwvAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBarroll2005" class="citation book cs1">Barroll, John Leeds (2005). "The Court of the first Stuart Queen". In Peck, Linda Levy (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J5iSWCVIG9MC">The Mental World of the Jacobean Court</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521021049" title="Special:BookSources/0521021049"><bdi>0521021049</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Court+of+the+first+Stuart+Queen&rft.btitle=The+Mental+World+of+the+Jacobean+Court&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0521021049&rft.aulast=Barroll&rft.aufirst=John+Leeds&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ5iSWCVIG9MC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBisgaard2004" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bisgaard, Lars (2004). "Den Oldenborgske Linje: Sophie". In Bjørn, Claus; J. V. Jespersen, Knud; Bregnsbo, Michael; Harding, Merete; Bisgaard, Lars (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YOWMMwEACAAJ">Danmarks Konger og Dronninger</a> [Denmark's Kings and Queens] (in Danish) (1st ed.). Denmark: Gyldendal. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/8700794759" title="Special:BookSources/8700794759"><bdi>8700794759</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Den+Oldenborgske+Linje%3A+Sophie&rft.btitle=Danmarks+Konger+og+Dronninger&rft.place=Denmark&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Gyldendal&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=8700794759&rft.aulast=Bisgaard&rft.aufirst=Lars&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYOWMMwEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCarøe2020" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Carøe, Kristian (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5icCEAAAQBAJ">Studier til dansk medicinalhistorie</a> [Studies in Danish Medical History] (in Danish). Lindhardt & Ringhof. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788726428353" title="Special:BookSources/9788726428353"><bdi>9788726428353</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studier+til+dansk+medicinalhistorie&rft.pub=Lindhardt+%26+Ringhof&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9788726428353&rft.aulast=Car%C3%B8e&rft.aufirst=Kristian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5icCEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFErslev1883" class="citation book cs1">Erslev, Kristian (1883). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL23378582M/Aktstykker_og_oplysninger_til_Rigsraadets_og_st%C3%A6nderm%C3%B8dernes_historie_i_Kristian_IV's_tid_udg._ved_K">Aktstykker og Oplysninger til Rigsraadets og Stændermødernes Historie i Kristian IV's Tid</a> [Documents and Information on the History of the Council of State and the Meetings of the Estates in the Time of Christian IV]. Selskabet for Udgivelse af Kilder til dansk Historie. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL23378582M">23378582M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aktstykker+og+Oplysninger+til+Rigsraadets+og+St%C3%A6nderm%C3%B8dernes+Historie+i+Kristian+IV%27s+Tid&rft.pub=Selskabet+for+Udgivelse+af+Kilder+til+dansk+Historie&rft.date=1883&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL23378582M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.aulast=Erslev&rft.aufirst=Kristian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL23378582M%2FAktstykker_og_oplysninger_til_Rigsraadets_og_st%25C3%25A6nderm%25C3%25B8dernes_historie_i_Kristian_IV%27s_tid_udg._ved_K&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFriis1901" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Friis, Hans Emil (1901). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/1178913739">Brudstykker af det Oldenborgske kongehus' historie</a> [Fractions of the history of the Oldenborg Royal House] (in Danish). <a href="/w/index.php?title=H._Hagerups_Forlag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="H. 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Hagerups Forlag">da</a>]. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1178913739">1178913739</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brudstykker+af+det+Oldenborgske+kongehus%27+historie&rft.pub=H.+Hagerups+Forlag%3Cspan+class%3D%22noprint%22+style%3D%22font-size%3A85%25%3B+font-style%3A+normal%3B+%22%3E+%26%2391%3Bda%26%2393%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.date=1901&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1178913739&rft.aulast=Friis&rft.aufirst=Hans+Emil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1178913739&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFry2014" class="citation book cs1">Fry, Cynthia (2014). "Perceptions of influence: the Catholic diplomacy of Queen Anna and her ladies, 1601-1604". In Akkerman, Nadine; Houben, Birgit (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C3DMngEACAAJ">The Politics of Female Households</a>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004236066" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004236066"><bdi>978-9004236066</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Perceptions+of+influence%3A+the+Catholic+diplomacy+of+Queen+Anna+and+her+ladies%2C+1601-1604&rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+Female+Households&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-9004236066&rft.aulast=Fry&rft.aufirst=Cynthia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC3DMngEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGregersen2024" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gregersen, Hans (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uGvg0AEACAAJ">Christian 4. og kvinderne</a> (in Danish). Turbine. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-436-0342-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-436-0342-9"><bdi>978-87-436-0342-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christian+4.+og+kvinderne&rft.pub=Turbine&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=978-87-436-0342-9&rft.aulast=Gregersen&rft.aufirst=Hans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuGvg0AEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGrinder-Hansen2013" class="citation book cs1">Grinder-Hansen, Poul (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Cfnx7iTjtV8C">Frederik 2: Danmarks renæssancekonge</a> (1. udg., 1. opl ed.). København: Gyldendal. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-02-08108-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-02-08108-4"><bdi>978-87-02-08108-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frederik+2%3A+Danmarks+ren%C3%A6ssancekonge&rft.place=K%C3%B8benhavn&rft.edition=1.+udg.%2C+1.+opl&rft.pub=Gyldendal&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-87-02-08108-4&rft.aulast=Grinder-Hansen&rft.aufirst=Poul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCfnx7iTjtV8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHanksChojnacka2002" class="citation book cs1">Hanks, Merry Wiesner; Chojnacka, Monica (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2JlmAAAAMAAJ">Ages of Woman, Ages of Man: Sources in European Social History</a> (1st ed.). Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780582418738" title="Special:BookSources/9780582418738"><bdi>9780582418738</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ages+of+Woman%2C+Ages+of+Man%3A+Sources+in+European+Social+History&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780582418738&rft.aulast=Hanks&rft.aufirst=Merry+Wiesner&rft.au=Chojnacka%2C+Monica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2JlmAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHeiberg2017" class="citation book cs1">Heiberg, Steffen (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/on1033628531">Christian 4: en europæisk statsmand</a> (1. udgave ed.). København: Lindhardt og Ringhof. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-11-56376-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-11-56376-2"><bdi>978-87-11-56376-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1033628531">1033628531</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christian+4%3A+en+europ%C3%A6isk+statsmand&rft.place=K%C3%B8benhavn&rft.edition=1.+udgave&rft.pub=Lindhardt+og+Ringhof&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2Fon1033628531&rft.isbn=978-87-11-56376-2&rft.aulast=Heiberg&rft.aufirst=Steffen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Ftitle%2Fon1033628531&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHeiberg2001" class="citation book cs1">Heiberg, Steffen, ed. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9EdGAAAACAAJ">Danske dronninger i tusind år</a> (2. udg., 1. opl ed.). København: Gyldendal. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-00-75146-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-00-75146-0"><bdi>978-87-00-75146-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Danske+dronninger+i+tusind+%C3%A5r&rft.place=K%C3%B8benhavn&rft.edition=2.+udg.%2C+1.+opl&rft.pub=Gyldendal&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-87-00-75146-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9EdGAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHowell1892" class="citation book cs1">Howell, James (1892). <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Jacobs" title="Joseph Jacobs">Jacobs, Joseph</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/007689173">Epistolae Ho-Elianae</a>. Correspondence. London: D. Nutt.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Epistolae+Ho-Elianae&rft.place=London&rft.series=Correspondence&rft.pub=D.+Nutt&rft.date=1892&rft.aulast=Howell&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.hathitrust.org%2FRecord%2F007689173&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHull1993" class="citation journal cs1">Hull, Felix (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kentarchaeology.org.uk/arch-cant/vol/111/sidney-penshurst-robert-2nd-earl-leicester">"Sidney of Penshurst - Robert, 2nd Earl of Leicester"</a>. Archaeologia Cantiana. 111: 43–56.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archaeologia+Cantiana&rft.atitle=Sidney+of+Penshurst+-+Robert%2C+2nd+Earl+of+Leicester&rft.volume=111&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E43-%3C%2Fspan%3E56&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Hull&rft.aufirst=Felix&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkentarchaeology.org.uk%2Farch-cant%2Fvol%2F111%2Fsidney-penshurst-robert-2nd-earl-leicester&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJack2019" class="citation book cs1">Jack, Sybil (2019). "Katarina Jagiellonica and Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow: Power, piety, and patronage". In Schutte, Valerie; Paranque, Estelle (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=T3wwuwEACAAJ">Forgotten Queens in Medieval and Early Modern Europe: Political Agency, Myth-Making, and Patronage</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-138-08545-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-138-08545-9"><bdi>978-1-138-08545-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Katarina+Jagiellonica+and+Sophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow%3A+Power%2C+piety%2C+and+patronage&rft.btitle=Forgotten+Queens+in+Medieval+and+Early+Modern+Europe%3A+Political+Agency%2C+Myth-Making%2C+and+Patronage&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-138-08545-9&rft.aulast=Jack&rft.aufirst=Sybil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DT3wwuwEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJespersen2022" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jespersen, Mikkel Leth (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KhWrEAAAQBAJ">Dronningen griber magten: 1387</a> [The Queen Seizes Power: 1387] (in Danish). Aarhus Universitetsforlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8772198064" title="Special:BookSources/978-8772198064"><bdi>978-8772198064</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dronningen+griber+magten%3A+1387&rft.pub=Aarhus+Universitetsforlag&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-8772198064&rft.aulast=Jespersen&rft.aufirst=Mikkel+Leth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKhWrEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJoost2024" class="citation journal cs1">Joost, Sebastian (5 July 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://macau.uni-kiel.de/receive/macau_mods_00004921">"Sophie von Dänemark (1557–1631): Von der jugendlichen Braut zur einflussreichen Königinwitwe"</a>. Fürstinnen in Schleswig-Holstein: Handlungsspielräume im Spannungsfeld zwischen Dynastie, Familie und Individuum: 95–118. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.38072%2F2943-5331%2Fp6">10.38072/2943-5331/p6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2943-5331">2943-5331</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=F%C3%BCrstinnen+in+Schleswig-Holstein%3A+Handlungsspielr%C3%A4ume+im+Spannungsfeld+zwischen+Dynastie%2C+Familie+und+Individuum&rft.atitle=Sophie+von+D%C3%A4nemark+%281557%E2%80%931631%29%3A+Von+der+jugendlichen+Braut+zur+einflussreichen+K%C3%B6niginwitwe&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E95-%3C%2Fspan%3E118&rft.date=2024-07-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.38072%2F2943-5331%2Fp6&rft.issn=2943-5331&rft.aulast=Joost&rft.aufirst=Sebastian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmacau.uni-kiel.de%2Freceive%2Fmacau_mods_00004921&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJørgensenSkovgaard1910" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Ellen_J%C3%B8rgensen_(historian)" title="Ellen Jørgensen (historian)">Jørgensen, Ellen</a>; Skovgaard, Johanne (1910). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eNBJAQAAMAAJ">Danske Dronninger: fortaellinger og karakteristikker</a> [Danish Queens: stories and characterisations] (in Danish). H. Hagerup.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Danske+Dronninger%3A+fortaellinger+og+karakteristikker&rft.pub=H.+Hagerup&rft.date=1910&rft.aulast=J%C3%B8rgensen&rft.aufirst=Ellen&rft.au=Skovgaard%2C+Johanne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeNBJAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLarsen2021" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Larsen, Pernille Helena (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NSxREAAAQBAJ">Glimt af kvindeliv i Danmark gennem 1000 år</a> [Glimpses of women's lives in Denmark over 1000 years] (in Danish). Lindhardt og Ringhof. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788728023488" title="Special:BookSources/9788728023488"><bdi>9788728023488</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Glimt+af+kvindeliv+i+Danmark+gennem+1000+%C3%A5r&rft.pub=Lindhardt+og+Ringhof&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9788728023488&rft.aulast=Larsen&rft.aufirst=Pernille+Helena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNSxREAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLauring2016" class="citation book cs1">Lauring, Palle (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zkQJDgAAQBAJ">Dronninger og andre kvinder i Danmarkshistorien</a> [Queens and other women in Danish history]. Lindhardt og Ringhof. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788711622513" title="Special:BookSources/9788711622513"><bdi>9788711622513</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dronninger+og+andre+kvinder+i+Danmarkshistorien&rft.pub=Lindhardt+og+Ringhof&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9788711622513&rft.aulast=Lauring&rft.aufirst=Palle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzkQJDgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLaursen1916" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Laursen, L. (1916). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pxCoe79lTRIC">Danmark-Norges traktater, 1523-1750</a> (in Danish). Copenhagen: I kommission hos G. E. C. Gad.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Danmark-Norges+traktater%2C+1523-1750&rft.place=Copenhagen&rft.pub=I+kommission+hos+G.+E.+C.+Gad&rft.date=1916&rft.aulast=Laursen&rft.aufirst=L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpxCoe79lTRIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLockhart2007" class="citation book cs1">Lockhart, Paul Douglas (2007). Denmark, 1513-1660: The Rise and Decline of a Renaissance Monarchy. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-927121-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-927121-4"><bdi>978-0-19-927121-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Denmark%2C+1513-1660%3A+The+Rise+and+Decline+of+a+Renaissance+Monarchy&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-19-927121-4&rft.aulast=Lockhart&rft.aufirst=Paul+Douglas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMackeprang1902" class="citation journal cs1">Mackeprang, Mouritz (1902). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tidsskrift.dk/historisktidsskrift/article/view/55739">"Dronning Sofie og livgedinget"</a> [Queen Sofie and the Jointure]. <a href="/wiki/Historisk_Tidsskrift_(Denmark)" title="Historisk Tidsskrift (Denmark)">Historisk Tidsskrift (Denmark)</a>. 3 (7): 527–555. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0106-4991">0106-4991</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historisk+Tidsskrift+%28Denmark%29&rft.atitle=Dronning+Sofie+og+livgedinget&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E527-%3C%2Fspan%3E555&rft.date=1902&rft.issn=0106-4991&rft.aulast=Mackeprang&rft.aufirst=Mouritz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftidsskrift.dk%2Fhistorisktidsskrift%2Farticle%2Fview%2F55739&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNielsenAskholm2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nielsen, Kay; Askholm, Ib (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/en/title/473010578">Danmarks Kongelige Familier i 1000 år</a> [Denmark's Royal Families in 1000 years] (in Danish) (1st ed.). Rødovre: Askholmds Forlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788791679094" title="Special:BookSources/9788791679094"><bdi>9788791679094</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Danmarks+Kongelige+Familier+i+1000+%C3%A5r&rft.place=R%C3%B8dovre&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Askholmds+Forlag&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9788791679094&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Kay&rft.au=Askholm%2C+Ib&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.worldcat.org%2Fen%2Ftitle%2F473010578&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOlsen2005" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Olsen, Rikke Agnete (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/255289738">Kongerækken</a> [List of Kings] (in Danish). Lindhardt og Ringhof. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/87-595-2525-8" title="Special:BookSources/87-595-2525-8"><bdi>87-595-2525-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/255289738">255289738</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Konger%C3%A6kken&rft.pub=Lindhardt+og+Ringhof&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F255289738&rft.isbn=87-595-2525-8&rft.aulast=Olsen&rft.aufirst=Rikke+Agnete&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F255289738&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPetersen1974" class="citation journal cs1">Petersen, E. Ladewig (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pi.lib.uchicago.edu/1001/cat/bib/312358">"Christian IV.s pengeudlån til danske adelige. Kongelig foretagervirksomhed og adelig gældstiftelse 1596-1625"</a> [Christian IV's money lending to Danish nobles. Royal enterprise and noble indebtedness 1596-1625.]. <a href="/wiki/Akademisk_Forlag" title="Akademisk Forlag">Akademisk Forlag</a>. 8. Department of Economic History, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Copenhagen" title="University of Copenhagen">University of Copenhagen</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Akademisk+Forlag&rft.atitle=Christian+IV.s+pengeudl%C3%A5n+til+danske+adelige.+Kongelig+foretagervirksomhed+og+adelig+g%C3%A6ldstiftelse+1596-1625&rft.volume=8&rft.date=1974&rft.aulast=Petersen&rft.aufirst=E.+Ladewig&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpi.lib.uchicago.edu%2F1001%2Fcat%2Fbib%2F312358&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPetersen2008" class="citation journal cs1">Petersen, E. Ladewig (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03468758208579010">"Defence, war and finance: Christian IV and the council of the realm 1596–1629"</a>. Scandinavian Journal of History. 7 (1–4): 277–313. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03468758208579010">10.1080/03468758208579010</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+Journal+of+History&rft.atitle=Defence%2C+war+and+finance%3A+Christian+IV+and+the+council+of+the+realm+1596%E2%80%931629&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E277-%3C%2Fspan%3E313&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03468758208579010&rft.aulast=Petersen&rft.aufirst=E.+Ladewig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1080%2F03468758208579010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchlegel1775" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Schlegel, Johann Heinrich (1775). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PRNC">Samlung zur Dänischen Geschichte, Münzkenntniss, Oekonomie und Sprache</a> [Collection on Danish history, coinage, economics and language] (in German). Vol. 2. Copenhagen: H. C. Sander & J. F. Morthorst.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Samlung+zur+D%C3%A4nischen+Geschichte%2C+M%C3%BCnzkenntniss%2C+Oekonomie+und+Sprache&rft.place=Copenhagen&rft.pub=H.+C.+Sander+%26+J.+F.+Morthorst&rft.date=1775&rft.aulast=Schlegel&rft.aufirst=Johann+Heinrich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPRNC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFScocozza1987" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Scocozza, Benito (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nVyIbwAACAAJ">Christian 4</a> (in Danish) (4th ed.). Copenhagen: Politikens Forlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788756743518" title="Special:BookSources/9788756743518"><bdi>9788756743518</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christian+4.&rft.place=Copenhagen&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Politikens+Forlag&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=9788756743518&rft.aulast=Scocozza&rft.aufirst=Benito&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnVyIbwAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFScocozza1989" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Scocozza, Benito (1989). Olsen, Olaf (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZFfdtAEACAAJ">Gyldendal og Politikens Danmarkshistorie</a> [Gyldendal and Politiken's History of Denmark] (in Danish). Vol. 8: Ved afgrundens rand. Copenhagen: Nordisk Forlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-89068-10-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-89068-10-7"><bdi>978-87-89068-10-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gyldendal+og+Politikens+Danmarkshistorie&rft.place=Copenhagen&rft.pub=Nordisk+Forlag&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-87-89068-10-7&rft.aulast=Scocozza&rft.aufirst=Benito&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZFfdtAEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSkipper2006" class="citation book cs1">Skipper, Jon Bloch, ed. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SwtpAAAAMAAJ">Danmarkshistoriens årstal</a> (2. rev. udg ed.). København: Aschehoug. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-11-11597-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-11-11597-8"><bdi>978-87-11-11597-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Danmarkshistoriens+%C3%A5rstal&rft.place=K%C3%B8benhavn&rft.edition=2.+rev.+udg&rft.pub=Aschehoug&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-87-11-11597-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSwtpAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTaylor1874" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, Tom (1874). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vg8NAAAAYAAJ">Leicester Square: Its Associations and Its Worthies</a>. Bickers & Son. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781142563264" title="Special:BookSources/9781142563264"><bdi>9781142563264</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Leicester+Square%3A+Its+Associations+and+Its+Worthies&rft.pub=Bickers+%26+Son&rft.date=1874&rft.isbn=9781142563264&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVg8NAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThiedecke2021" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Thiedecke, Johnny (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B6xDEAAAQBAJ">Satans store port. Kvinderne og børnene i renæssancens Danmark</a> [The Great Gate of Satan. Women and children in Renaissance Denmark] (in Danish). Lindhardt & Ringhof. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8726711769" title="Special:BookSources/978-8726711769"><bdi>978-8726711769</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Satans+store+port.+Kvinderne+og+b%C3%B8rnene+i+ren%C3%A6ssancens+Danmark&rft.pub=Lindhardt+%26+Ringhof&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-8726711769&rft.aulast=Thiedecke&rft.aufirst=Johnny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB6xDEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTroels-Lund1903" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Troels-Lund, Troels (1903). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0xoCAAAAYAAJ">Dagligt Liv i Norden i det sekstende Århundrede</a> [Daily Life in the Nordics in the Sixteenth Century] (in Danish) (8–10 ed.). Copenhagen: <a href="/wiki/Gyldendal" title="Gyldendal">Gyldendal</a> – via <a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library" title="New York Public Library">New York Public Library</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dagligt+Liv+i+Norden+i+det+sekstende+%C3%85rhundrede&rft.place=Copenhagen&rft.edition=8%E2%80%9310&rft.pub=Gyldendal&rft.date=1903&rft.aulast=Troels-Lund&rft.aufirst=Troels&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0xoCAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVeerapen2024" class="citation book cs1">Veerapen, Steven (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g-mv0AEACAAJ">The Wisest Fool: The Lavish Life of James VI and I</a> (1st ed.). Birlinn General. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1780278735" title="Special:BookSources/978-1780278735"><bdi>978-1780278735</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Wisest+Fool%3A+The+Lavish+Life+of+James+VI+and+I&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Birlinn+General&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=978-1780278735&rft.aulast=Veerapen&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dg-mv0AEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWiesner-Hanks2024" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Merry_E._Wiesner-Hanks" title="Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks">Wiesner-Hanks, Merry E.</a> (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/en/title/1428035968">Women and the Reformations: A Global History</a> (1st ed.). <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780300268232" title="Special:BookSources/9780300268232"><bdi>9780300268232</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+and+the+Reformations%3A+A+Global+History&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=9780300268232&rft.aulast=Wiesner-Hanks&rft.aufirst=Merry+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.worldcat.org%2Fen%2Ftitle%2F1428035968&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWittendorff1989" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Wittendorff, Alex (1989). Olsen, Olaf (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qXMjjwEACAAJ">Gyldendal og Politikens Danmarkshistorie</a> [Gyldendal and Politiken's History of Denmark] (in Danish). Vol. 7: På Guds og Herskabs nåde. Copenhagen: Nordisk Forlag.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gyldendal+og+Politikens+Danmarkshistorie&rft.place=Copenhagen&rft.pub=Nordisk+Forlag&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Wittendorff&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqXMjjwEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWittendorff2003" class="citation book cs1">Wittendorff, Alex, ed. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mjS7AQAACAAJ">Gyldendal og Politikens danmarkshistorie. 7: På guds og herskabs nåde: 1500 - 1600 / af Alex Wittendorff</a> (2. udg., 1. opl ed.). Copenhagen: Gyldendalske Boghandel. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-89068-28-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-89068-28-2"><bdi>978-87-89068-28-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gyldendal+og+Politikens+danmarkshistorie.+7%3A+P%C3%A5+guds+og+herskabs+n%C3%A5de%3A+1500+-+1600+%2F+af+Alex+Wittendorff&rft.place=Copenhagen&rft.edition=2.+udg.%2C+1.+opl&rft.pub=Gyldendalske+Boghandel&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-87-89068-28-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmjS7AQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASophie+of+Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sophie_of_Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output 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data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sophie_of_Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow">Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kongernessamling.dk/en/rosenborg/person/sophie/">Queen Sophie</a> at the website of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Danish_Collection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Danish Collection (page does not exist)">Royal Danish Collection</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.guide2womenleaders.com/womeninpower/Womeninpower1570.htm">http://www.guide2womenleaders.com/womeninpower/Womeninpower1570.htm</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow </div><div><a href="/wiki/House_of_Mecklenburg-Schwerin" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Mecklenburg-Schwerin">House of Mecklenburg-Schwerin</a></div><div style="font-size:90%">Cadet branch of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Mecklenburg" title="House of Mecklenburg">House of Mecklenburg</a></div>Born: 4 September 1557 Died: 4 October 1631 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #65BCFF"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Danish_monarchs" title="List of Danish monarchs">Danish royalty</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_of_Saxe-Lauenburg" title="Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg">Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Danish_consorts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Danish consorts">Queen consort of Denmark</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Norwegian_consorts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Norwegian consorts">Norway</a> 1572–1588 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Anne_Catherine_of_Brandenburg" title="Anne Catherine of Brandenburg">Anne Catherine of Brandenburg</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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(970s ?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyrid_of_Sweden" title="Gyrid of Sweden">Gyrid of Sweden</a> (980s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigrid_the_Haughty" title="Sigrid the Haughty">Sigrid the Haughty</a>/<a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awi%C4%99tos%C5%82awa" title="Świętosława">Świętosława</a>/<a href="/wiki/Gunhild_of_Wenden" title="Gunhild of Wenden">Gunhild of Wenden</a>†‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_of_Normandy" title="Emma of Normandy">Emma of Normandy</a>† (1018–1035)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyda_of_Sweden" title="Gyda of Sweden">Gyda of Sweden</a> (1048–1049)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnhildr_Sveinsd%C3%B3ttir" title="Gunnhildr Sveinsdóttir">Gunnhildr Sveinsdóttir</a>‡ (1050–1052)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margareta_Hasbj%C3%B6rnsdatter" title="Margareta Hasbjörnsdatter">Margareta Hasbjörnsdatter</a> (1076–1080)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adela_of_Flanders" title="Adela of Flanders">Adela of Flanders</a> (1080–1086)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingegerd_of_Norway" title="Ingegerd of Norway">Ingegerd of Norway</a>‡ (1086–1095)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boedil_Thurgotsdatter" title="Boedil Thurgotsdatter">Boedil Thurgotsdatter</a> (1095–1103)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Fredkulla" title="Margaret Fredkulla">Margaret Fredkulla</a>† (1104–1130)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulvhild_H%C3%A5kansdotter" title="Ulvhild Håkansdotter">Ulvhild Håkansdotter</a>‡ (1130–1134)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richeza_of_Poland,_Queen_of_Sweden" title="Richeza of Poland, Queen of Sweden">Richeza of Poland</a>‡ (1134-1134)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ragnild_Magnusdotter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ragnild Magnusdotter (page does not exist)">Ragnild Magnusdotter</a> [<a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnild_Magnusdatter" class="extiw" title="no:Ragnild Magnusdatter">no</a>] (1134–1135)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malmfred_of_Kiev" title="Malmfred of Kiev">Malmfred of Kiev</a>† (1134–1137)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutgard_of_Salzwedel" title="Lutgard of Salzwedel">Lutgard of Salzwedel</a> (1144–1146)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adela_of_Meissen" title="Adela of Meissen">Adela of Meissen</a> (1152–1157)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_of_Sweden_(12th_century)" title="Helen of Sweden (12th century)">Helena of Sweden</a> (1156–1157)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_of_Minsk" title="Sophia of Minsk">Sophia of Minsk</a> (1157–1182)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_of_Bavaria" title="Gertrude of Bavaria">Gertrude of Bavaria</a> (1182–1197)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagmar_of_Bohemia" title="Dagmar of Bohemia">Dagmar of Bohemia</a> (1205–1213)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berengaria_of_Portugal" title="Berengaria of Portugal">Berengaria of Portugal</a> (1214–1221)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Portugal,_Queen_of_Denmark" title="Eleanor of Portugal, Queen of Denmark">Eleanor of Portugal</a> (1229–1231)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jutta_of_Saxony" title="Jutta of Saxony">Jutta of Saxony</a> (1239–1250)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_of_Holstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Matilda of Holstein">Matilda of Holstein</a> (1250–1252)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Sambiria" title="Margaret Sambiria">Margaret Sambiria</a> (1252–1259)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Brandenburg" title="Agnes of Brandenburg">Agnes of Brandenburg</a> (1273–1286)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingeborg_Magnusdotter_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Ingeborg Magnusdotter of Sweden">Ingeborg Magnusdotter of Sweden</a> (1296–1319)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphemia_of_Pomerania" title="Euphemia of Pomerania">Euphemia of Pomerania</a> (1320–1326 & 1329–1330)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Holstein-Rendsburg" title="Elizabeth of Holstein-Rendsburg">Elizabeth of Holstein-Rendsburg</a> (1330–1331)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helvig_of_Schleswig" title="Helvig of Schleswig">Helvig of Schleswig</a> (1340–1374)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippa_of_England" title="Philippa of England">Philippa of England</a>†‡ (1406–1430)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_of_Brandenburg" title="Dorothea of Brandenburg">Dorothea of Brandenburg</a>†‡ (1445–1448 & 1449–1481)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina_of_Saxony" title="Christina of Saxony">Christina of Saxony</a>†‡ (1481–1513)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Austria" title="Isabella of Austria">Isabella of Austria</a>†‡ (1515–1523)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_of_Pomerania" title="Sophie of Pomerania">Sophie of Pomerania</a>† (1523–1533)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_of_Saxe-Lauenburg" title="Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg">Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg</a>† (1534–1559)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow</a>† (1572–1588)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Catherine_of_Brandenburg" title="Anne Catherine of Brandenburg">Anne Catherine of Brandenburg</a>† (1597–1612)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Amalie_of_Brunswick-L%C3%BCneburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg">Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg</a> (1648–1670)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Amalie_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel">Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel</a>† (1670–1699)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_of_Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" title="Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow">Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow</a>† (1699–1721)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Sophie_Reventlow" title="Anne Sophie Reventlow">Anne Sophie Reventlow</a>† (1721–1730)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Magdalene_of_Brandenburg-Kulmbach" title="Sophie Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach">Sophia Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach</a>† (1730–1746)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_of_Great_Britain" title="Louise of Great Britain">Louise of Great Britain</a>† (1746–1751)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliana_Maria_of_Brunswick-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel" title="Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel">Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel</a>† (1752–1766)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Matilda_of_Great_Britain" title="Caroline Matilda of Great Britain">Caroline Matilda of Great Britain</a>† (1766–1775)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Marie of Hesse-Kassel">Marie Sophie of Hesse-Kassel</a>† (1808–1839)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Amalie_of_Augustenburg" title="Caroline Amalie of Augustenburg">Caroline Amalie of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg</a> (1839–1848)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Louise of Hesse-Kassel">Louise of Hesse-Kassel</a> (1863–1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_of_Sweden" title="Louise of Sweden">Louise of Sweden</a> (1906–1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandrine_of_Mecklenburg-Schwerin" title="Alexandrine of Mecklenburg-Schwerin">Alexandrine of Mecklenburg-Schwerin</a> (1912–1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingrid_of_Sweden" title="Ingrid of Sweden">Ingrid of Sweden</a> (1947–1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Henrik_of_Denmark" title="Prince Henrik of Denmark">Henri de Laborde de Monpezat</a> (1972–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Mary_of_Denmark" title="Queen Mary of Denmark">Mary Donaldson</a> (2024–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>† also Queen of Norway</li> <li>‡ also Queen of Sweden</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Norwegian_royal_consorts126" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Norwegian_consorts" title="Template:Norwegian consorts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Norwegian_consorts" title="Template talk:Norwegian consorts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Norwegian_consorts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Norwegian consorts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Norwegian_royal_consorts126" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Norwegian_consorts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Norwegian consorts">Norwegian royal consorts</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Sonja_of_Norway" title="Queen Sonja of Norway">Sonja Haraldsen</a> (1991–present)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maud_of_Wales" title="Maud of Wales">Maud of Wales</a> (1905–1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_of_Nassau" title="Sophia of Nassau">Sophia of Nassau</a>^ (1872–1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_of_the_Netherlands" title="Louise of the Netherlands">Louise of the Netherlands</a>^ (1859–1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_of_Leuchtenberg" title="Josephine of Leuchtenberg">Josephine of Leuchtenberg</a>^ (1844–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e_Clary" title="Désirée Clary">Désirée Clary</a>^ (1818–1844)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedvig_Elisabeth_Charlotte_of_Holstein-Gottorp" title="Hedvig Elisabeth Charlotte of Holstein-Gottorp">Hedvig Elisabeth Charlotte of Holstein-Gottorp</a>^ (1814–1818)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Sophie_of_Hesse-Kassel" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie Sophie of Hesse-Kassel">Marie Sophie of Hesse-Kassel</a>* (1808–1814)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Matilda_of_Great_Britain" title="Caroline Matilda of Great Britain">Caroline Matilda of Great Britain</a>* (1766–1775)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliana_Maria_of_Brunswick-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel" title="Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel">Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel</a>* (1752–1766)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_of_Great_Britain" title="Louise of Great Britain">Louise of Great Britain</a>* (1746–1751)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Magdalene_of_Brandenburg-Kulmbach" class="mw-redirect" title="Sophia Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach">Sophia Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach</a>* (1730–1746)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Sophie_Reventlow" title="Anne Sophie Reventlow">Anne Sophie Reventlow</a>* (1721–1730)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_of_Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" title="Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow">Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow</a>* (1699–1721)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Amalie_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel">Landgravine Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel</a>* (1670–1699)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Amalie_of_Brunswick-L%C3%BCneburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg">Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg</a> (1648–1670)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Catherine_of_Brandenburg" title="Anne Catherine of Brandenburg">Anne Catherine of Brandenburg</a>* (1597–1612)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow</a>* (1572–1588)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_of_Saxe-Lauenburg" title="Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg">Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg</a>* (1537–1559)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_of_Pomerania" title="Sophie of Pomerania">Sophie of Pomerania</a>*^ (1524–1533)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Austria" title="Isabella of Austria">Isabella of Austria</a>*^ (1515–1523)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina_of_Saxony" title="Christina of Saxony">Christina of Saxony</a>*^ (1483–1513)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_of_Brandenburg" title="Dorothea of Brandenburg">Dorothea of Brandenburg</a>*^ (1450–1481)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Bjurum" class="mw-redirect" title="Catherine of Bjurum">Catherine of Bjurum</a>^ (1449–1450)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_of_Brandenburg" title="Dorothea of Brandenburg">Dorothea of Brandenburg</a>*^ (1445–1448)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippa_of_England" title="Philippa of England">Philippa of England</a>*^ (1406–1430)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_I_of_Denmark" title="Margaret I of Denmark">Margaret I of Denmark</a>^ (1363–1380)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanche_of_Namur" title="Blanche of Namur">Blanche of Namur</a>^ (1335–1343)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphemia_of_R%C3%BCgen" title="Euphemia of Rügen">Euphemia of Rügen</a> (1299–1312)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Bruce" title="Isabel Bruce">Isabel Bruce</a> (1293–1299)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Scotland,_Queen_of_Norway" title="Margaret of Scotland, Queen of Norway">Margaret of Scotland</a> (1281–1283)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingeborg_of_Denmark,_Queen_of_Norway" title="Ingeborg of Denmark, Queen of Norway">Ingeborg of Denmark</a> (1263–1280)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rikissa_Birgersdotter" title="Rikissa Birgersdotter">Rikissa Birgersdotter</a> (1251–1257)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margrete_Skulesdatter" class="mw-redirect" title="Margrete Skulesdatter">Margrete Skulesdatter</a> (1225–1263)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Sweden,_Queen_of_Norway" title="Margaret of Sweden, Queen of Norway">Margaret of Sweden</a> (1189–1202)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrid_Bj%C3%B8rnsdotter" title="Estrid Bjørnsdotter">Estrid Bjørnsdotter</a> (1170–1176)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragna_Nikolasdatter" title="Ragna Nikolasdatter">Ragna Nikolasdatter</a> (114?–1157)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingrid_of_Sweden,_Queen_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Ingrid of Sweden, Queen of Norway">Ingrid of Sweden</a> (1134–1136)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina_of_Denmark,_Queen_of_Norway" title="Christina of Denmark, Queen of Norway">Christina of Denmark</a> (1132–1133)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malmfred_of_Kiev" title="Malmfred of Kiev">Malmfred of Kiev</a>* (1116–1130)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingebj%C3%B8rg_Guttormsdatter" title="Ingebjørg Guttormsdatter">Ingebjørg Guttormsdatter</a> (1103–1123)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Fredkulla" title="Margaret Fredkulla">Margaret Fredkulla</a>* (1101–1103)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingerid_of_Denmark" title="Ingerid of Denmark">Ingerid of Denmark</a> (1067–1093)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisiv_of_Kiev" title="Elisiv of Kiev">Elisiv of Kiev</a> (1045–1066)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_of_Normandy" title="Emma of Normandy">Emma of Normandy</a>* (1028–1035)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrid_Olofsdotter_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrid Olofsdotter of Sweden">Astrid of Sweden</a> (1019–1035)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigrid_the_Haughty" title="Sigrid the Haughty">Sigrid the Haughty</a>/<a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awi%C4%99tos%C5%82awa" title="Świętosława">Świętosława</a>*^ (1000–1014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyra_of_Denmark" title="Tyra of Denmark">Tyra of Denmark</a> (998–1000) <a href="/wiki/Gunhild_of_Wenden" title="Gunhild of Wenden">Gunhild of Wenden</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tove_of_the_Obotrites" title="Tove of the Obotrites">Tove of the Obotrites</a>* (970–986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnhild,_Mother_of_Kings" title="Gunnhild, Mother of Kings">Gunnhild, Mother of Kings</a> (931–934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyda_Eiriksdottir" class="mw-redirect" title="Gyda Eiriksdottir">Gyda of Hordaland</a> (872–930)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>* also Queen of Denmark ^also Queen of Sweden</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57654#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1273" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57654#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1273" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57654#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000381471500">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/261055644">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/408047/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJgt86wVMKkF9VcGv6DH4q">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/124970826">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n97113621">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p317999974">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/1096470">Norway</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/124970826.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/124970826">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sophie_of_Mecklenburg-Güstrow&oldid=1277154187">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sophie_of_Mecklenburg-Güstrow&oldid=1277154187</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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