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href="/wiki/Civil_law_(legal_system)" title="Civil law (legal system)">civil law</a> tradition, consisting mostly of <a href="/wiki/Statutory_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Statutory law">statutory law</a> promulgated by the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Finland" title="Parliament of Finland">Parliament of Finland</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Finland" title="Constitution of Finland">constitution of Finland</a>, originally approved in 1919 and rewritten in 2000, has supreme authority and sets the most important procedures for enacting and applying legislation. As in civil law systems in general, judicial decisions are not generally authoritative and there is little <a href="/wiki/Judge-made_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Judge-made law">precedent</a>. Supreme Court decisions can be cited, but the courts are not required to adhere to previous decisions. </p><p>As a member of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_Union_law" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union law">European Union law</a> is in force in Finland, and Finland implements <a href="/wiki/Directive_(European_Union)" title="Directive (European Union)">EU directives</a> in its national legislation. The <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Justice_of_the_European_Union" title="Court of Justice of the European Union">Court of Justice of the European Union</a> is the ultimate authority in matters in the competence of the European Union. </p><p>As in Sweden, <a href="/wiki/Administrative_law" title="Administrative law">administrative law</a> is interpreted by a separate <a href="/wiki/Administrative_court" title="Administrative court">administrative court</a> system. Besides law proper, i.e. acts of parliament (<i>laki</i>), permanent government decrees (<i>asetus</i>) form an important body of law. Issued if permitted by an act of parliament, the decrees may clarify acts and guide implementation thereof, but not contradict them. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_Finland&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Finnish law and legal traditions are based on <a href="/wiki/Swedish_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish law">Swedish law</a> and in a wider sense, on the Scandinavian and German legal tradition, a subset of Roman law. The oldest law still practiced is Olaus Petri's instructions for judges from 1530, although as instructions they are not binding. The oldest act still in force, in part, is the Swedish <a href="/wiki/Civil_Code_of_1734" title="Civil Code of 1734">Civil Code of 1734</a>. Books of Court Procedure (<i>oikeudenkäymiskaari</i>), Trade (<i>kauppakaari</i>) and Construction (<i>rakennuskaari</i>) formally remain in force; many of these acts have been overturned in Sweden. However, in practice, these have been slowly eroded over the centuries, and many parts are no longer enforced, e.g. references to fines denominated in the ancient currency of <a href="/wiki/Swedish_riksdaler" title="Swedish riksdaler">Swedish riksdaler</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to <a href="/wiki/Diet_of_Porvoo" title="Diet of Porvoo">transfer of sovereignty to Russia</a>, a divergence from Swedish tradition begins from 1809. Important codifications were made during Imperial Russian sovereignty, e.g. the Criminal Code was promulgated by <a href="/wiki/Czar" class="mw-redirect" title="Czar">Czar</a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_III_of_Russia" title="Alexander III of Russia">Alexander III</a> in 1889.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was a Finnish parliament, the <a href="/wiki/Diet_of_Finland" title="Diet of Finland">Diet of Finland</a>, convened in 1809 and dissolved in 1906. The Diet was actually active only from 1863; in 1809-1863 the country was governed by administrative means only. Towards the end of the 19th century, the Imperial Russian government began restricting Finnish autonomy, and often refused to give Royal Assent. The Diet was replaced by the modern <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Finland" title="Parliament of Finland">Parliament of Finland</a> (<i>eduskunta</i>) in 1906. After independence in 1917, the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Finland" title="Constitution of Finland">Constitution of Finland</a> was promulgated in 1919. The constitution received numerous amendments, scattered over multiple different acts, over the 20th century. In 2000, a rewritten, uniform version was promulgated to replace them. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enacting_laws">Enacting laws</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_Finland&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Enacting laws"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Acts of Parliament form the main body of the law. In the typical procedure, the <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Government" title="Finnish Government">Finnish Government</a> proposes a bill to the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Finland" title="Parliament of Finland">Parliament of Finland</a>. When the act is amended and approved by the Parliament, the act is submitted to the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Finland" title="President of Finland">President of Finland</a> for presidential assent. Once the President signs the act, it becomes law. The President can exercise a right of <a href="/wiki/Veto" title="Veto">veto</a>, but the veto can be overridden by the Parliament with a simple majority. </p><p>Decrees are based on an <a href="/wiki/Primary_and_secondary_legislation" title="Primary and secondary legislation">authorization for delegation</a> stipulated in an act of parliament. Decrees can be issued by the <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Government" title="Finnish Government">Finnish Government</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Finland" title="President of Finland">President of Finland</a> and individual ministries. They are enacted by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Finland#Presidential_government_sessions" title="President of Finland">President in session with the Government</a> (<i>presidentin esittely</i>). </p><p>The European Union can issue both Regulations, which immediately become law in the member states, and Directives, which are implemented as Acts of Parliament by the Parliament of Finland. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publication_of_laws">Publication of laws</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_Finland&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Publication of laws"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Finland does not have a single unified <a href="/wiki/Civil_code" title="Civil code">civil code</a>, unlike e.g. France or Germany. All laws are published in the official journal <i>Suomen säädöskokoelma</i> (the Statutes of Finland) when promulgated. Most law is available from the online Finlex database, published by Edita Publishing Oy, and in a two-volume book set <i>Suomen laki</i>, published by Talentum Media. These collections are however not exhaustive. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_Finland&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_system_of_Finland" title="Judicial system of Finland">Judicial system of Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Finland" title="Law enforcement in Finland">Law enforcement in Finland</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_Finland&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Sarvilinna, Sami. In Winterton and Moys (eds). <a href="/wiki/Information_Sources_in_Law" title="Information Sources in Law">Information Sources in Law</a>. Second Edition. Bowker-Saur. 1997. Chapter Ten: Finland. Pages 163 to 176.</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFOy" class="citation web cs1">Oy, Edita Publishing. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/1734/">"FINLEX ® - Ajantasainen lainsäädäntö: 1734"</a>. <i>www.finlex.fi</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.finlex.fi&rft.atitle=FINLEX+%C2%AE+-+Ajantasainen+lains%C3%A4%C3%A4d%C3%A4nt%C3%B6%3A+1734&rft.aulast=Oy&rft.aufirst=Edita+Publishing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.finlex.fi%2Ffi%2Flaki%2Fajantasa%2F1734%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaw+of+Finland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170929235916/https://www.eduskunta.fi/FI/tietoaeduskunnasta/kirjasto/aineistot/kotimainen_oikeus/Documents/Lakikirja250-1734.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Belarus (page does not exist)">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Belgium" title="Law of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law of Bosnia and Herzegovina (page does not exist)">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Bulgaria" title="Law of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Croatia" title="Law of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Cyprus" title="Law of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Law of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Denmark" title="Law of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Estonia" title="Law of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_France" title="Law of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_Georgia_(country)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law of Georgia (country) (page does not exist)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Germany" title="Law of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Law of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Hungary" title="Law of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Iceland" title="Law of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Law of the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Italy" title="Law of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Law of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Latvia" title="Law of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_Liechtenstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law of Liechtenstein (page does not exist)">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Lithuania" title="Law of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Luxembourg" title="Law of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Malta" title="Law of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_Moldova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law of Moldova (page does not exist)">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_Monaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law of Monaco (page does not exist)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_Montenegro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law of Montenegro (page does not exist)">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_Netherlands" title="Law of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_North_Macedonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law of North Macedonia (page does not exist)">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Norway" title="Law of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Poland" title="Law of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Portugal" title="Law of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Romania" title="Law of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Russia" title="Law of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_San_Marino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law of San Marino (page does not exist)">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Serbia" title="Law of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Slovakia" title="Law of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_Slovenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law of Slovenia (page does not exist)">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Spain" title="Law of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Sweden" title="Law of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Switzerland" title="Law of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Law of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Ukraine" title="Law of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Law of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Law of England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Law of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Law of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Law of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Vatican_City" title="Law of Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law of Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Kosovo" title="Law of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law of Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law of South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_Transnistria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law of Transnistria (page does not exist)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_%C3%85land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law of Åland (page does not exist)">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_the_Faroe_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law of the Faroe Islands (page does not exist)">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Gibraltar" title="Law of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Guernsey" title="Law of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Law of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Jersey" title="Law of Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_Svalbard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law of Svalbard (page does not exist)">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 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