CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "journals.aps.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '915f5ef758c3403e',cH: 'aIosMMdE4iwyH7rPehS20nJJWpM45Di05UXuKSxtFXI-1740231448-1.2.1.1-e1BYpaF5qgTWJL_.FBgOoVLr4z_hv368q2W0xCv5CmeDO0oJaHg2AsYzD2h2g.nh',cUPMDTk: "\/pra\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevA.79.053845?__cf_chl_tk=dDcQxs8KolVy9.np188BYn99z5w41Gtnt13f.9lMvP4-1740231448-1.0.1.1-fugYK4Il_tyYziDSB5SUKx2NTkNUqdXLYEhGorkcpio",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740231448',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/pra\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevA.79.053845?__cf_chl_f_tk=dDcQxs8KolVy9.np188BYn99z5w41Gtnt13f.9lMvP4-1740231448-1.0.1.1-fugYK4Il_tyYziDSB5SUKx2NTkNUqdXLYEhGorkcpio",md: "tzJ7JS4naEcT7313UuXb4zbo4rPKo8Qe._AUhIYrN6s-1740231448-1.2.1.1-3CT1_JZ2wMjszbqwSyQ4Kqo6DxmS4E9kLh4O0UkliYvlJMuChJEFucf_dyjSkt0N1mYZJtbizgz9WOgbst88GaoLTmdGOvZL0vG5LQ5dTE.sPDmL1BvzE_XqyKdtTcA3DylL4iXVk2olS4a7ZfGll8LkuP3x60kD6bAOevSebKJBpMblKBQkDH665cFYGv93a8vdkLBLOOHwjgrX65S_I3FQ0A5ICkKt7S9QebhZJISvbKw8PlvQthKix2j4J9sIMLfKEG_3ZodC3ufOUD7gOEje0oz4PuQ71ON3nedxig08WNsx4fU6LFaT2vXCp.MY4rjHk3gw3Xco6Yyau1_Kc.hJRzc86cMDcwo7BxhG3Aspa8pxn.FeOH76i1QFv33OSAQ.GZc51WHcQLax_OFrDGN8gtZFRHa5lr2ILCZ..xhwApzRwWCUuZEboLcwWG.7FXqnb.EFErxenULmVCHiv4Du2uwbfL9QvK4TmQASowPCbERwWwyK0m._Mbdm4th26_dgotYQUOupKh77gnon7kkLe9Eke6A9Vmst0VR647xr1d6ol7DC5KNGTpwDONhxwRc.fWuqs8pN4O_Iwm6QLciYHeFoT._53kYF9L3iuppAl0V5gFfaV3PS1mE9KUwWN8FOupwkj17VO51OpAXwS_Ssp0tSBKBWxD.qTAUh4C8h_eqmH7bOnDKgRAD29IUK1YzZStMnDRDSpveVCkqjsbiPdTzBvbAkbiqYL4qUpU6KxX5t4JiWrkOBvYmBMiTWpgiMIpWV.Mv4uE5c1Elz3GcP6QsMK17hSr1qRqSRlF4EAS3Fy_1o5t_8wiYQBwOe1FNcoom69M1hCVzpT0YsdB_73BpuftAJpkRP6_RF8CTBrl9KfagxjnD6rKmHJj7W3aip.KRchDU4PauEUCTjgqvFiyZAC29UJ3I5toJCXg_9rtAUbxoyxOQxr4qFtjl7SEjfXAcqTI3n8OIrFZS2rRSMt.z7F9QURuEEZRdwrUkhORy8cHdy62ehGDBLg2Zg7euWQv4Jvp1O7OQosl_VCXKhJOu1Do8DVQZh0Ni6.LeTX.kI4rvHpsP1MX8thVUxk52UkuEZu1tteA6mXXCsZ2.8.3zfGs.xogICOHtt.YLyN8uP4DsPC1Dre0seacnRizToCgXlR9sfNf_V8o9mKOty8IXc.6EOo_p1qyHMtpJ04UJoRpv6h.RQXIGx4xmkt0e8D.9GoTUk8UZYlDeL9jFdy8dyJOTxsehQUmxBXg_NjYRPwyA22gKMBpErOtqZAUOcRH6YeIkvtmJg5tONmz_3aOlnnP9ISslmFYa4ESdv_lZn.uItjHuQJ.DAAPUeLwf8dkeajly26p5V6r2WFGakJ6awvXfN2HEbnGNQ3bzpJALA0Uchi9VqMZfg_Wq1QDHivnRXKUfTBG8NtX_u_QDW_fmbR5Cc_3pF114XmQODL8yeFaz1zJOT5vLJT3GvcZHVcfLrKfF_RIzKWyDQNQ982KIGhphqzFYPo.AjcdYc8scq8o75WxZgfEeaCazPymgAMgoh_kLGZRlA5GGhnQh0qwEVOy1ZT5S.9bct8w_y_cpYHaAemTCPm8x9gsXGxSjDNUuYejDHutaiVgkLSdP3hBABOhf6zBLdqjqZUd8z_HPr2f46iElgy8I41z1mSRfEASdq9Wl5H_.linFsUrSfp7jt.VLQWwijVsbv_RohLzanBtbkpis8OxJ1AuA.FDZKUEmRCwEYrNf21WnllG7K8OE9R4jxwwp_TPFloSocP9vDuUrQaCrmYNeZMEUOtseF9TAfHKIv60JMZS5OMZcUec92Uz76sP4oG_iRY_1m_DiSrJClgVxVYIkcE_DlclTE4QcdBLbvNXrslJKZlY5nteIn3bm.lPerwLqoVzxAO4cMkzvlsf5ErRwSi32UpDHWL4x7Wr21SaIYP70B606mJnnKRJhSZQFAvLLqSB0srfANuWnnf_5F0eYgbRzwO_XqPXfdd_6ZwZH_c4VKpaCxdLOE2jZdAsqVJqpQlISV7jPdF4qQ1_QzpQAAvjC9IUrp8e483f3zWHafWZ2xixCW0l7yOM6BObLaVgIM7iLtUcf7GadMfIK7.DXjEkJucBeG31X4MEbCTbXAdfnwPSQFGd0tIHgip4OLl5cQ2C82BP.ca5UrWFVWvw1UVbL9dPuHy9wWylDao3Fb1_Hjhnss6bW1Qs5WJn0LrLhiJNY43KB28uvLsnN9JB0J_j55vXsz.BxrByerqRZsaLuZs4fj3x5GEKZxduAtZ0EjTnyH7C5RWWgZxC5QwkenvmBmuubLG4h4OhJyxFi_wiaRVIIDvnfO8jKTtW4s_X2XqyijQQpkgsMRkSfEOTdH02qMmzPTdv6u4nJmNvABaEIxFsoAx5Bv.OvKwVRzni57QOFLQfGuqzcPTFzEvKEiagrKpM9c5GPp8gv3_MH7svG8iOTZPtnP0T.NrgzufgppWGTtX_SaXWLKs7VZCo3p17d9.Ih7vF6v_Ko6JCAproKJZgexOKko5mtFWe3JRnNH3YKYlQYPwF_4_R4dDtpFkQ0q_1O0qUWr7u5eXwhRBDBSwQ",mdrd: "PbSMfj8QQJZ9osyCDagswHFl3AVEWEHlANmBCNDqQJ8-1740231448-1.2.1.1-wQ6UeQJfWrhqGg.Ekzv6NN03pCoc1gox1HcrPAQri68CR1gJzlkwsNaxV2Ky_F0nsVDRGGMEVP5b8Y_gelIGmvqPJ0AiBeMxkUU9EqGvSwoN9heH03pCVlU6pWOKVw0uKj7HwgQ8mRoJSKirNuPqYJwGJpWAvy7yFN5GyATDBOf_lV1z6iXvCHSCFuUix78cCblj.4uet6oev471kUQzx5zoaMa6dyDUxSM_h47VXmFS7SxH2XQXbFr5.4dTZcgbNT.uHSSNSIOHqn_lNx_iPqyOV_zvtQHVwqmjNN2GDqD_JKzdUNCFoO6i0c.zk1jNaceV0E.X6ftQ.W1.Va6Qj2jIaF6hfsOcGYO9jveSUImlyJQkCB.MxOq9T.asklzue7KMtzdzKprVbvVN96Qk8KRK1A7Ib5.ZoY3GS_KnHc4w.hHJEZzhpYrvR8F1qftnwvXyLKn99c8BpLP.sTjh0Hsd25aAfVAqA8nifey2CSTpkWDohpVLtF.QNw2g252N7uzFRhVZq51t0dc_mjxpzVu1ndoCTYLMo8b9PQl0oup8.ZwLOJ_h0XFTACXZX1ZudGGd2YLBSPjEC9.AYity.HqyjEewBj4Ah5NrxEhYg08MFpyps681sYdr9gY1zMjTplpQ49azMLSVAFho9jngeESF1HtH76djDMGTwcNirKmkiaVgIe9eoxg9O3WIBPvcakToR7gtUtSe0i2MFPzwrQ7pijFmIE3BUG_jOUHutM46lob8I_Drzh.xXStv1eTh5C6.w7ZbYIak_j9V5s51Q.knTL8pVWsG0cKZX8WAMgXiPeEnI1Y4PT4VZy3mZst3RoYZ6kNHU0QoJKcVEiJwaWsExgWiAG0JL3R7znRTgaJA3qbD4_eEvctaLv6WeSLPv8i67IbrxXT_T1Im3.8YaVqhd7AOpa9M.swEynG7tQYw5PK0J155SYhqbvKaEByjqA2AcnQ.18m0ybp77jQUs7XWtH7bEOWvVlWXd1scQtsiv1bOG6kw3hi.ETMityPMRSOww.W8MyynbvlBLYru_xFitvpcO8zdr.anZXvR9295JVNC7btrkAd3wQ3pOKo3bskvMf4jWnQrDjabBzcz26JrHrx05o.Q1dcznLAiuxOS_VotQx4EQmt3gG84eRnTwugvR1.LEaA0TbMcCxr8xSCcLLHBuEV_K.yXo9Vd2At8wwrGvLxvwr.q3Q8mdZJIviS33APQEbc84THmSzQ2Ezh4SutcRMVh6.om6BtFfWtRa.Otj0R4NZp4LqP9He9fSFrKTY0YPP2uUnMHE6uFNRxAozREoFmeY_8eBZzePL2d.hVIvdDU5BU5YtI6TOjNzLqai6FJbjDNMjSlnlGn5V620aHrkutJW6mqQ6cewGILo67ln8b90Do9VqT_tAEhqw_9mDjJNZLx6SNbjVmWVvmD2U9zUyoBNt.OvR9iqVJadUolvacL_St7sngsiIh_F1bquQZCbMyheDmq5xfr3vGF26X8EC7wiSretHmcDvEKqItQmHtIKSHj9TszO0OZhV1_k3tGXKWhFGRSYQ3PbTkQq.jwjSRGGMhFCIK35h7ejRfrCSmA1tHiSewqTl7f1KUraEck8z.hnioCYX3Bpqt.gzfeZcZsFY3FprQ3n12Rf9ckyGjRjL8c08V1jKXcj2wgDZiuAUTTO72n3mHvaEWBFdU1Nh0V9svdyKSc9dd0n3wPi1tvx9tmmowBImBiWOK63E1A73K3yNOtCGZUWCw8T.4JeZBRtJVr6q39Xdl5QyN15PalPQFmuFRaQM1kOviUkbcp20oOzA3XPIpoz4yNC0oFb_6zbZr5TmtAWKZ0qpqKRhsysEIOT5hbko1AtrBvegXAxHekDN2_LvAjPghrPFP3gV_ar_9IT99jQQbVGIZqgLO1L6UbbSYGD1OmWH0plG1ey3H2eHM7r2JeluIDxsM6eyj8pNY_0jic4f4"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=915f5ef758c3403e';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/pra\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevA.79.053845?__cf_chl_rt_tk=dDcQxs8KolVy9.np188BYn99z5w41Gtnt13f.9lMvP4-1740231448-1.0.1.1-fugYK4Il_tyYziDSB5SUKx2NTkNUqdXLYEhGorkcpio" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>