CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "dl.acm.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '922ab9c6ef128336',cH: 'YJ67XOG1cOiLrKdkkfDjoFZDHIjog1EdcaUZ86MxJoA-1742363777-1.2.1.1-N3Sy9ReqkqjET78tCwhsfxGo5o6tMHn_.XTOna4QGai71P9Vc5PIdXWPtA0q.5Ud',cUPMDTk: "\/doi\/10.1145\/3166.3197?__cf_chl_tk=kLJx9V6CChU.goMiezvAXrgisxnNQ4NRw3vz6snnYZ4-1742363777-1.0.1.1-5g7pI15C2K8AeKkaMC3c1CQRIy7U8SQLszMFr1RmsQE",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1742363777',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/doi\/10.1145\/3166.3197?__cf_chl_f_tk=kLJx9V6CChU.goMiezvAXrgisxnNQ4NRw3vz6snnYZ4-1742363777-1.0.1.1-5g7pI15C2K8AeKkaMC3c1CQRIy7U8SQLszMFr1RmsQE",md: "RBA_5OtuFOBMJRUNhgBZkF2zfmz40QSF7KGKEaKTEZY-1742363777-1.2.1.1-idkZC.EbsYM6UD_XgYb9j_.UxDpdBlsO1_0L4VEdqb30NtAXyrxQdh63CI8ONFcIDEGpId51Ic9T7ePCdvWIfjpV9A5d0xC8FlIaU8p2QTt8V7Rmecm.OiqEdVcM_UdgZoqyAJoSmvhINnmSNS79AhSa0bXbSzMNW_CeDjaMJ5NStJaVCohfVQlmFlNhfzcUhLH2NlhDACY5oNUZpt5rKLoqFUsfrfpGhvEof7xVNJLL11DDZ6bIb3ZxX24HkrwNk3Tv8IH2Dxzs7hKupNa9jWi_fTebXfhs1uQ1cuJThHT8BD2pc0KEJ7ZbgfokkIpB.xlD4VggpLx83znhtuBHptdm0Lib0bUCQ2613AfMM6qDr63FX5swnvj9wAOYZOFQwGciIq_v3kpFo0wve0CjYAvWO5JFC6dfkCnvsCdzaQVl.DUPJ7CZMectRW0c5UwIaZqiDRxREy7bzF.BzA4ytr_VGrRyJRm.sXwvwW0ulbI6hd9xjtCosI0Y.Dp7g3nCRd8n17NN.U545TOWT8AF_TyY4g6tVAGBAThkZlWhEr6vhswz1zforQUKUa5Ikjm2.LLHP4v63ElyRn0clTAeK624_6GfhddpXxcReFkAhq3oehe7L5uEMMVs9P53tw560Yd2IgIXnFyjpswSvGjuzOfHJnWlHJEb2PbT8SkZq7DuvIzDtSdtY5iMRWfeAuWSsyXMRD8yeg_pgWCmDxPZMEKRnFHpxqgrsv3EEuTaHjCeECw1pAsUo1lxkyrzYGgFtNCLDZmhJsRThaL8vx5NxmXLIGNfwYW1q_EdziYb3rHDs2XhpcaQQU3ShRsD.jM4Uk5HcRS6zn.g3CW2LgfP67B0LFKkCU.7Ukd2XjkKRoY9vjOAFQlKItJOgdAmPFEUZ53R1.xvepG.srnOtjvM6Hy0W4JxlC0s.22.j52aMVYReSyZ.zRcc2Vxb9.QLbqzi3G7LsoWPQirMJQ1sF4aztpOoAv6FkDN8JeEo2vQv11ADsGC7i12zo0FBXMv6xBVP6ZJGyoSipYBUQpi4yg76MFbbYAdTinArntZ6WVh1scUO_vPtabmhvtTVXnuO_gOjZKSklOr9v0S3dTBr9W.S9N4j1FAuOVUXU7OpiyabtJ0FqWG0pTtE2uW1ij7Nm_HMG14aomzZhyrCuLYU.yaU7RL1Y30061bXHl4pggck6WTCRiqmLbehwhqsLk8SsU2ukvTKeAtx3bwU39iYcaTQVWnF9nNgrAlDIjMLzg6kA7R03CIblnEec4CI93ojSAP",mdrd: "QC8FZGLddcMnqh7e5ATsQpAzIJcc_.dfeTUCP8blD7I-1742363777-1.2.1.1-DXywZQF03mD59JvQaGgcj1IYZNarSB8KAYnZE3ngI3a0Thj9tJLuysVSzHaOYlAniNjv..xjYtqcUBilUA_OqF5XLg2vPVPXj7ktRlAyIxlMzufEzbIB52rp9vqi6G3Qenm9HYQRXRD1fBQR7N4XQ5UZ5yCV79f_Ac7SMGsPuUZOelzNYFX_caAlIwrmBatRMQ3ilp4O7TkJZ3WqtijfI9XE9LCTgcV6SsvN3f7WzXKTCJj.zM8aSLUm2JmTvLm0kNVmMXPXY2gK8A.bxwV0Z9TfbAC0Fvnxw1p7sJrh5CqeEEIKWUiVEUY0790nzS2npPh.5CZ4hMLYq2v4Nwe9znpIba5q9wS7lEaicGqRl3nAKeLPdMrygk7AGD0oECTDYPb_eTeri4uCSyKPQr531wlym4wrKBpoRZ15xQMBElTtZul8gL4rWJ9MgahNPqmfBJEB3_iA3JrL3uQSPgxTq_it14TG8mqYYmB5y2ork.CEV_u9cs6k8bSA8RNA9Ynlp9oskbLG3ou_J9AtAzFYg2eJm10g9HfPj0880b5pLjfAq7wpmXv7WVEaypzsRz7wWcBFwSsq_7czIdXz6M5.gi4CVPSqDQXdpsEf66XYex3IqFGQFdHULOpo5l6nHN2WcIiR68PbvOW_Yqv_7VMN9PHvfN.p7i5CsSq_M33.iC.ZiEP1IWCnJMnk1fq27rryRFuHcGDBnpl2MPfBlnZS.4wvD_NkMMbF_YH3s2.2eCjzq69CEh3luB1eevhEJKSjM94CG7yI2_XE4S46Uz1SufMD90hkhGZhs1TYNha2r2QdebgS5WGCMhpimOxoiG1A8STLz6aXUyWQ6JnhJTS2nxNX_2GMb.DZ7pnTOUmo4C_uyOWTFu1H5KMzHDMJMJUU.lUmFWH4FaGB_plfnTTgb5qOL210KrwM2XT5heZs28jMM2DZoZmX6kei_zYnKgS4wO_gxD_jaQtmcnfXMz7fS0j5voHjUGPD04VqL8cccOMG6olZmq7uG4HoZzNnJG3WVnS0a3KSrvSAlBbWDV2eRCe1Eh6K_RnYRv2akvlX8jyHcedEzc4vXTB4N_rsL1IIKu4Dx2g5wYd3CSkzu7GdpQN6qVtDmz9QYZZBnjVP07e.l.VnMLqCTsPwkCuBSv8pF5pXOe7lqu4O9uy4.wn9bw21JwhY1xMwfSBcBlH44W1qvlWPiKDXdTwrVbQ006xQV5wvqKLKqHiynuLq6sixL8nG6NZ5erQIcpxSnTLqgHP6yju8.etdoEQXjaxhUAiBhdt0Hzw4ks11Z66Nsg3OdbNzIjC0GC1rHUh6nqIiSdOc9Aotnpl_Y.NmyApSvwVkRyLXinqJUT0OjpMvmyEiIGe6P8pwWrOeeNpCXbFLfV_uqAg9XmOSiZM09gjdfyr1SSQWmnNH1qbx99GdQO2lDvSGidPPKBi2koJ486GptVBs1QPR3jZjdYmwFSQdz6psCWCocz3HTOnavQWqBkBGzsg0.KSmYR5SnzKc8g2dUgC2Eg0qJZtVZiHIpyfw_YMJh1cfGphbb45KxPoMaPl2yzp_ENGptqPm3r6L4M8QAek0Hga2mo7EndsdW55u7LFyfywYdDckPS0wPE6aVOdAscI9Mb10gzyxpNZeTB76NJPTxoCSN1iYR1NSPPsGhXCVNiScJstOcd3ja4Luzhm2cYa0iKSxXuMksa1pcWojsD6rzYVkm2lCYC3_LctMxeNMgxIr7yeYE8B7uVPqSS2Gukd2h_wPSZnuruGZUt1IRCYDicTAgRnHKqWP9Vg2ROLwDrJtD0l9dZZbltJ3GE3sQZSVbT9H0.4CyJsFp.gR3fRBzXbBGC2l5BYahshFrDwFFUX6P3k9T3N_vabW1ED1.oE6STA4gElgu0_tYT.cBBbipcz7bVulNE_x5C3z.EapWAQa9n52wl0rKhbgzvdk_VFm1v9i3tAswLdXcBUOZ8kzLGsa54vEuLbiPQxp3faEBYVsgwWgiPjNS3VrqstUn1vbuc8p.ICsw2d5vvxsJIwQk4en41lRvyKjpCxIYctE"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=922ab9c6ef128336';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/doi\/10.1145\/3166.3197?__cf_chl_rt_tk=kLJx9V6CChU.goMiezvAXrgisxnNQ4NRw3vz6snnYZ4-1742363777-1.0.1.1-5g7pI15C2K8AeKkaMC3c1CQRIy7U8SQLszMFr1RmsQE" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>