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日本鐵路運輸 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书

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for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&amp;wmf_medium=sidebar&amp;wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&amp;returnto=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录,但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&amp;returnto=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8" title="建议你登录,尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-概要" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#概要"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>概要</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-概要-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-定義" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#定義"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>定義</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-定義-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-运营商" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#运营商"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>运营商</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-运营商-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关运营商子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-运营商-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-JR集团" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#JR集团"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>JR集团</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-JR集团-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-大手私鐵" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#大手私鐵"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>大手私鐵</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-大手私鐵-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-中小私鐵" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中小私鐵"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>中小私鐵</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中小私鐵-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-公營鐵道等" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#公營鐵道等"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>公營鐵道等</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-公營鐵道等-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-旅客运输" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#旅客运输"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>旅客运输</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-旅客运输-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关旅客运输子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-旅客运输-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-速度" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#速度"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>速度</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-速度-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-安全對策" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#安全對策"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>安全對策</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-安全對策-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-無障礙運輸" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#無障礙運輸"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>無障礙運輸</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-無障礙運輸-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相关服务" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相关服务"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>相关服务</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-相关服务-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-拥挤不堪的城市客运交通" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#拥挤不堪的城市客运交通"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>拥挤不堪的城市客运交通</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-拥挤不堪的城市客运交通-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-客流量密度高" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#客流量密度高"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5.1</span> <span>客流量密度高</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-客流量密度高-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-上下车旅客较多的车站" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#上下车旅客较多的车站"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5.2</span> <span>上下车旅客较多的车站</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-上下车旅客较多的车站-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-貨物輸送" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#貨物輸送"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>貨物輸送</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-貨物輸送-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-统计" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#统计"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>统计</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-统计-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关统计子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-统计-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-运输份额" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#运输份额"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>运输份额</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-运输份额-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-运输数量" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#运输数量"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>运输数量</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-运输数量-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>歷史</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-歷史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关歷史子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-时间线" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#时间线"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>时间线</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-时间线-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-個別項目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#個別項目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>個別項目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-個別項目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-使用车辆" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#使用车辆"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>使用车辆</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-使用车辆-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-与其他国家连接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#与其他国家连接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>与其他国家连接</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-与其他国家连接-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关与其他国家连接子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-与其他国家连接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-韩国" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#韩国"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>韩国</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-韩国-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-俄罗斯" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#俄罗斯"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>俄罗斯</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-俄罗斯-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-中国" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中国"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>中国</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中国-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-各地方鐵道概要" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#各地方鐵道概要"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>各地方鐵道概要</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-各地方鐵道概要-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关各地方鐵道概要子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-各地方鐵道概要-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-舊日本統治地区相关鐵道" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#舊日本統治地区相关鐵道"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>舊日本統治地区相关鐵道</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-舊日本統治地区相关鐵道-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-日本鐵路與日本以外的國家鐵路比較" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#日本鐵路與日本以外的國家鐵路比較"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>日本鐵路與日本以外的國家鐵路比較</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-日本鐵路與日本以外的國家鐵路比較-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关日本鐵路與日本以外的國家鐵路比較子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-日本鐵路與日本以外的國家鐵路比較-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-准点率高,交通基础设施薄弱" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#准点率高,交通基础设施薄弱"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>准点率高,交通基础设施薄弱</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-准点率高,交通基础设施薄弱-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-民間部門較強" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#民間部門較強"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>民間部門較強</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-民間部門較強-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-治安、清潔性高" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#治安、清潔性高"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>治安、清潔性高</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-治安、清潔性高-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-鐵路線路代表色" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#鐵路線路代表色"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>鐵路線路代表色</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-鐵路線路代表色-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关鐵路線路代表色子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-鐵路線路代表色-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-JR各公司代表色" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#JR各公司代表色"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>JR各公司代表色</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-JR各公司代表色-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-新干线" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#新干线"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>新干线</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-新干线-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相關條目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相關條目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>相關條目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-相關條目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-註釋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#註釋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>註釋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-註釋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">日本鐵路運輸</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。20种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="النقل بالسكك الحديدية في اليابان – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="النقل بالسكك الحديدية في اليابان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A8" title="জাপানের রেল পরিবহন – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জাপানের রেল পরিবহন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schienenverkehr_in_Japan" title="Schienenverkehr in Japan – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schienenverkehr in Japan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Japan" title="Rail transport in Japan – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Rail transport in Japan" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fervoja_transporto_en_Japanio" title="Fervoja transporto en Japanio – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fervoja transporto en Japanio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrocarril_en_Jap%C3%B3n" title="Ferrocarril en Japón – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ferrocarril en Japón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_ferroviaire_au_Japon" title="Transport ferroviaire au Japon – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Transport ferroviaire au Japon" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C3%A1n_vas%C3%BAti_k%C3%B6zleked%C3%A9se" title="Japán vasúti közlekedése – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Japán vasúti közlekedése" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transportasi_rel_di_Jepang" title="Transportasi rel di Jepang – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Transportasi rel di Jepang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trasporto_ferroviario_in_Giappone" title="Trasporto ferroviario in Giappone – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Trasporto ferroviario in Giappone" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E9%89%84%E9%81%93" title="日本の鉄道 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="日本の鉄道" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8%EC%9D%98_%EC%B2%A0%EB%8F%84" title="일본의 철도 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="일본의 철도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengangkutan_rel_di_Jepun" title="Pengangkutan rel di Jepun – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pengangkutan rel di Jepun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_kolejowy_w_Japonii" title="Transport kolejowy w Japonii – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Transport kolejowy w Japonii" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%B2_%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Железнодорожный транспорт в Японии – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Железнодорожный транспорт в Японии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_railways" title="Japanese railways – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Japanese railways" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angkutan_kar%C3%A9ta_di_Jepang" title="Angkutan karéta di Jepang – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Angkutan karéta di Jepang" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A5g_i_Japan" title="Tåg i Japan – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tåg i Japan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99" title="การขนส่งระบบรางในประเทศญี่ปุ่น – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การขนส่งระบบรางในประเทศญี่ปุ่น" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonya%27da_demiryolu_ula%C5%9F%C4%B1m%C4%B1" title="Japonya&#039;da demiryolu ulaşımı – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Japonya&#039;da demiryolu ulaşımı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1099973#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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href="https://zh.wikivoyage.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF%E6%97%85%E8%A1%8C" hreflang="zh"><span>维基导游</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1099973" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-noteTA-de603e78" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换"><img alt="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换" 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.ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-问题条目 plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>本條目存在以下問題</b>,請協助<b><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;action=edit">改善本條目</a></b>或在<b><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8" title="Talk:日本鐵路運輸">討論頁</a></b>針對議題發表看法。 <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Copy_edit plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ambox_spelling.svg/48px-Ambox_spelling.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ambox_spelling.svg/72px-Ambox_spelling.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ambox_spelling.svg/96px-Ambox_spelling.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%AF%A9%E6%A0%B8%E6%A0%A1%E5%B0%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:如何審核校對">編修</a>,以確保文法、<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%81%BF%E5%85%8D%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%97%E8%A9%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:避免使用的字詞">用詞、语气</a>、<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C" title="Wikipedia:格式手册">格式</a>、<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C/%E6%A0%87%E7%82%B9%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="Wikipedia:格式手册/标点符号">標點</a>等使用恰当。</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2024年8月22日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>請按照<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%AF%A9%E6%A0%B8%E6%A0%A1%E5%B0%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:如何審核校對">校對指引</a>,幫助<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;action=edit">编辑</a>這個條目。(<a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:编辑">幫助</a>、<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8" title="Talk:日本鐵路運輸">討論</a>)</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Newsrelease plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ambox_PR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Ambox_PR.svg/45px-Ambox_PR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Ambox_PR.svg/68px-Ambox_PR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Ambox_PR.svg/90px-Ambox_PR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>形似<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:PROMO" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PROMO">新聞稿</a>,或帶有過度的宣傳性語調。</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2024年8月22日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>請協助以<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%B8%AD%E7%AB%8B%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%82%E7%82%B9" title="Wikipedia:中立的观点">中立的觀點</a>來<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;action=edit">撰寫本條目</a>,非常<b>明显</b>的广告内容请加入<code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Delete" title="Template:Delete">Delete</a>&#124;G11}}</code>來<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E7%9A%84%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:快速删除的标准">提请删除</a>。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要补充更多<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2024年8月22日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充多方面<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>,<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">无法查证</a>的内容可能會因為<a href="/wiki/Template:Fact" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Fact">异议提出</a>而被移除。<br />致使用者:请搜索一下条目的标题(来源搜索:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?&amp;as_eq=wikipedia&amp;q=%22%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%22">"日本鐵路運輸"</a> &#8212; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?q=%22%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%22">网页</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="noteTA-de603e78" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Railway"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Transport"></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>此条目页的主題是日本鐵路事業的概況。关于日本<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="明治時代">明治時代</a>的一家鐵路業者,請見「<b><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93" title="日本鐵道">日本鐵道</a></b>」。</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">日本鐵路運輸</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20240407-IMG_0527.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/20240407-IMG_0527.jpg/280px-20240407-IMG_0527.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/20240407-IMG_0527.jpg/420px-20240407-IMG_0527.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/20240407-IMG_0527.jpg/560px-20240407-IMG_0527.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E6%99%B4%E7%A9%BA%E5%A1%94" title="東京晴空塔">東京晴空塔</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A6%E6%99%B4%E7%A9%BA%E5%A1%94%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="東武晴空塔線">東武晴空塔線</a>列車(2024年4月7日攝)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><span class="nowrap">主要运营商</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/JR" title="JR">JR集團</a><br />各<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%89%8B%E7%A7%81%E9%90%B5" title="大手私鐵">大手私鐵</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">客运量</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">177億人 (2020年)<sup id="cite_ref-es_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-es-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wp_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wp-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><span class="nowrap">客运周转量</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">2631億 (2020年) <sup id="cite_ref-es_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-es-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wp_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wp-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">货运量</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1833億 (2020年)<sup id="cite_ref-es_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-es-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef;;">铁路里程</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">总里程</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">30,625 km</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E6%B0%94%E5%8C%96%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="电气化铁路">电气化里程</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">21,600 km</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">高速铁路</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">2,997 km(新幹線;2020年)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef;;">铁路轨距</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><span class="nowrap">主要铁路</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="nowrap">1,067毫米(3英尺6英寸)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">高速铁路</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="nowrap">1,435毫米(4英尺<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84583234">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">8<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>&#8260;<span class="den">2</span></span>英寸)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><span class="nowrap">1,067毫米(3英尺6英寸)</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">22,301公里(13,857英里)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><span class="nowrap">1,435毫米(4英尺<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84583234"><span class="frac">8<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>&#8260;<span class="den">2</span></span>英寸)</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">4,251公里(2,641英里)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><span class="nowrap">1,372毫米(4英尺6英寸)</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">96公里(60英里)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><span class="nowrap">762毫米(2英尺6英寸)</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">48公里(30英里)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef;;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%B0%A3%E5%8C%96%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF" title="電氣化鐵路">電氣化</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><span class="nowrap">主要铁路</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">混合交流/直流</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><table class="infobox collapsible" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: inherit; background-color: #efefef;">地图</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Railway_Route_Map_of_Japan.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Railway_Route_Map_of_Japan.png/220px-Railway_Route_Map_of_Japan.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Railway_Route_Map_of_Japan.png/330px-Railway_Route_Map_of_Japan.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Railway_Route_Map_of_Japan.png/440px-Railway_Route_Map_of_Japan.png 2x" data-file-width="2092" data-file-height="2412" /></a><figcaption>日本鐵道地圖</figcaption></figure></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_Ueno-Nakasendo_railway_from_Ueno_station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/View_of_Ueno-Nakasendo_railway_from_Ueno_station.jpg/220px-View_of_Ueno-Nakasendo_railway_from_Ueno_station.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/View_of_Ueno-Nakasendo_railway_from_Ueno_station.jpg/330px-View_of_Ueno-Nakasendo_railway_from_Ueno_station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/View_of_Ueno-Nakasendo_railway_from_Ueno_station.jpg/440px-View_of_Ueno-Nakasendo_railway_from_Ueno_station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1526" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>1885年<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E9%87%8E%E7%AB%99" title="上野站">上野站</a>繪圖</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JNR_C11_289_on_Tadami_line_19731103_002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/JNR_C11_289_on_Tadami_line_19731103_002.jpg/220px-JNR_C11_289_on_Tadami_line_19731103_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/JNR_C11_289_on_Tadami_line_19731103_002.jpg/330px-JNR_C11_289_on_Tadami_line_19731103_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/JNR_C11_289_on_Tadami_line_19731103_002.jpg/440px-JNR_C11_289_on_Tadami_line_19731103_002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="886" /></a><figcaption>1973年C11蒸氣機關車於<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%9A%E6%B4%A5%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E7%AB%99" title="会津西方站">會津西方站</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a></b>的<b><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8" title="鐵路運輸">鐵路</a></b>(日语:<span title="漢字或假名表記(原文)"><span lang="ja">鉄道</span></span><small>/</small><span title="平假名表記"><span lang="ja">てつどう</span></span><sup>&#160;<span title="羅馬字表記" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none" lang="ja-Latn">Tetsudō</span>&#160;<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%89%84%E9%81%93" class="extiw" title="ja:鉄道"><span style="font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em; font-size:85%;">*</span></a><small><span style="font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: .1 .1em;">/</span></small><small><a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:日語"><span style="font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></small></sup>)發展始於<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%95%E6%9C%AB" title="幕末">幕末時期</a>,第一條鐵路則開通於<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB" title="明治">明治</a>5年(1872年),至<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="第二次世界大戰">第二次世界大戰</a>爆發前,各式鐵路系統已深入日本全國各地,<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A" title="城市軌道交通">城市軌道交通</a>系統則處於萌芽階段。1945年<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%82%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="終戰">終戰</a>後,日本的鐵路事業進入新的發展期,而1960年代面世的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%B9%E7%B7%9A" title="新幹線">新幹線</a>,使日本鐵路的發展水準達到世界前列。現今日本是全世界鐵路事業最發達的國家之一(含<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="運輸">運輸</a>服務及相關上游產業),除了原屬<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E7%87%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="國營">國營</a>的<a href="/wiki/JR" title="JR">JR集團</a>之外,<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E7%87%9F%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="民營鐵路">民營鐵路</a>也非常興盛,在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="東京">東京</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%98%AA" title="大阪">大阪</a>等重要<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="日本城市列表">都市</a>亦有發達的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%90%B5" title="地鐵">地鐵</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E5%8B%A4%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="通勤鐵路">通勤鐵路</a>系統。此外,日本各地尚有多家以服務非<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82" title="大都市">都會</a>地區為主的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E9%83%A8%E9%96%80%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93" title="日本第三部門鐵道">第三部門鐵道</a>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="概要"><span id=".E6.A6.82.E8.A6.81"></span>概要</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="编辑章节:概要"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>日本的鐵道,是基於<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="鐵道事業法" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="鉄道事業法"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93%E4%BA%8B%E6%A5%AD%E6%B3%95&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="鐵道事業法(页面不存在)">鐵道事業法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%89%84%E9%81%93%E4%BA%8B%E6%A5%AD%E6%B3%95" class="extiw" title="ja:鉄道事業法"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">鉄道事業法</span></a></span>)</span></span>而建設,並由<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%9F%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E7%9C%81" title="國土交通省">國土交通省</a>管轄,而軌道是基於<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="軌道法" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="軌道法"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93%E6%B3%95&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="軌道法(页面不存在)">軌道法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93%E6%B3%95" class="extiw" title="ja:軌道法"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">軌道法</span></a></span>)</span></span>而建設。在法例上鐵道與軌道是不同的,但一般都只稱作鐵道。鐵道事業法跟軌道法是屬於兩個不同類別,鐵道事業法是由舊有的<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E7%9C%81" title="運輸省">運輸省</a>管轄,而軌道法則是舊有的運輸省與舊有的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E8%A8%AD%E7%9C%81" title="建設省">建設省</a>共同管轄。運輸省與建設省於2001年合併為<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%9F%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E7%9C%81" title="國土交通省">國土交通省</a>。 </p><p>在部分私人地方,存在著不基於鐵道事業法及軌道法建成的鐵道。這些鐵道大多是旅館用作迎送客人之用。 </p><p>日本的人口密度較高,無論是都市內運輸,或是都市間的運輸,鐵道都擔當著重要角色,日本鐵道的輸送力,約佔全國的四成。日本的鐵道是世界上最準時、提供最佳旅客服務的鐵道之一。日本的<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%80%9F%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF" title="高速鐵路">高速鐵路</a>系統——<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%B9%E7%B7%9A" title="新幹線">新幹線</a>,其路線連結<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%90%8D%E9%98%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="東名阪">東名阪</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AD%E4%BB%99%E5%BB%A3%E7%A6%8F" title="札仙廣福">札仙廣福</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82" title="大都市">大都市</a>,均由前身為<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%89%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93" title="日本國有鐵道">國鐵</a>的<a href="/wiki/JR" title="JR">JR集團</a>經營。 </p><p>鐵道雖遍佈全日本,可是在一些人口密度較低的地區,經營鐵道十分困難,但仍有部分努力經營的中小型<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="鐵道公司">鐵道公司</a>能夠賺得盈餘。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="定義"><span id=".E5.AE.9A.E7.BE.A9"></span>定義</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="编辑章节:定義"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B" title="日本法律">日本法律</a>中,<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="鐵道事業法" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="鉄道事業法"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93%E4%BA%8B%E6%A5%AD%E6%B3%95&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="鐵道事業法(页面不存在)">鐵道事業法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%89%84%E9%81%93%E4%BA%8B%E6%A5%AD%E6%B3%95" class="extiw" title="ja:鉄道事業法"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">鉄道事業法</span></a></span>)</span></span>施行規則第四條裡,有如下规定: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209892">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{margin-top:0;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1em;text-align:left;padding-left:2em;margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite cite{font-size:small}</style> </p> <blockquote class="templatequote"> <dl><dd>第四條 法第四條第一項第六號的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%9F%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E7%9C%81" title="國土交通省">國土交通省</a>令中规定的鐵道種類如下: <dl><dd>一 普通鐵道 - 最普遍的鐵道(2條用<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="鐵">鐵</a>的鋼軌上走行。→从<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%B9%E7%B7%9A" title="新幹線">新幹線</a>到<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%84%E8%BB%8C" title="窄軌">輕便鐵道</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E8%BB%8A" title="臺車">人車軌道</a>)</dd> <dd>二 懸垂式鐵道 - 懸垂式<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E8%BB%8C%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="單軌鐵路">單軌鐵路</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E5%B3%B6%E7%9F%AD%E8%B7%9D%E9%9B%A2%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E7%80%A8%E9%87%8E%E7%B7%9A" title="廣島短距離交通瀨野線">廣島短距離交通瀨野線</a></dd> <dd>三 跨座式鐵道 - 跨座式單軌鐵路</dd> <dd>四 案內軌條式鐵道 - <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%85%E5%AE%A2%E6%8D%B7%E9%81%8B%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="旅客捷運系統">旅客捷運系統</a>(AGT)、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%A3%AB%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="巴士快速交通系统">公車捷運系統</a>(GBS)</dd> <dd>五 無軌條電車 - <a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E8%BB%8C%E9%9B%BB%E8%BB%8A" title="無軌電車">無軌電車</a></dd> <dd>六 鋼索鐵道 - <a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%9C%E7%B4%A2%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="纜索鐵路">纜索鐵路</a></dd> <dd>七 浮上式鐵道 - <a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E6%87%B8%E6%B5%AE%E5%88%97%E8%BB%8A" title="磁懸浮列車">磁懸浮列車</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="超電磁懸浮列車" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="リニアモーターカー"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E9%9B%BB%E7%A3%81%E6%87%B8%E6%B5%AE%E5%88%97%E8%BB%8A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="超電磁懸浮列車(页面不存在)">超電磁懸浮列車</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC" class="extiw" title="ja:リニアモーターカー"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">リニアモーターカー</span></a></span>)</span></span>(但也存在不悬浮,属于第一项的超電磁懸浮列車。→<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E7%B7%9A%E9%9B%BB%E5%8B%95%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="直線電動機">直線電動機</a>式電車等)</dd> <dd>八 上述鐵道以外的鐵道</dd></dl></dd></dl> </blockquote> <p>符合上記第八项的,<a href="/wiki/2005%E5%B9%B4%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%8D%9A%E8%A6%BD%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="2005年日本國際博覽會">2005年日本國際博覽會</a>(愛・地球博)的<a href="/wiki/IMTS" class="mw-disambig" title="IMTS">IMTS</a>(<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="2005年日本國際博覽會協會愛・地球博線" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="愛・地球博線"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2005%E5%B9%B4%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%8D%9A%E8%A6%BD%E6%9C%83%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83%E6%84%9B%E3%83%BB%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%8D%9A%E7%B7%9A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="2005年日本國際博覽會協會愛・地球博線(页面不存在)">2005年日本国際博覧会協会愛・地球博線</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E3%83%BB%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%8D%9A%E7%B7%9A" class="extiw" title="ja:愛・地球博線"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">愛・地球博線</span></a></span>)</span></span>)以「磁氣誘導式鐵道」之名追加。 </p><p>除此之外,<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%87%E5%B1%B1%E8%BD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="过山车">过山车</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E9%81%93" class="mw-disambig" title="索道">索道</a>有些类似于铁路,但不包含在铁路中。然而,根据与铁路相同的法律(铁路商业法),索道和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%9C%E8%BB%8A" class="mw-disambig" title="纜車">缆车</a>被定义为“索道业务”。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="运营商"><span id=".E8.BF.90.E8.90.A5.E5.95.86"></span>运营商</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="编辑章节:运营商"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>日本全國的主要鐵道路線曾经由国家来经营,但经过从<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%A9%9F%E9%97%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="行政機關">行政機關</a>向<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="公共企業體" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="公共企業体"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E4%BC%81%E6%A5%AD%E9%AB%94&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="公共企業體(页面不存在)">公共企業體</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E4%BC%81%E6%A5%AD%E4%BD%93" class="extiw" title="ja:公共企業体"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">公共企業体</span></a></span>)</span></span>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%89%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93" title="日本國有鐵道">國鐵</a>)等的改革,再经过<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%90%B5%E5%88%86%E5%89%B2%E6%B0%91%E7%87%9F%E5%8C%96" title="國鐵分割民營化">國鐵分割民營化</a>後,國鐵解散,由<a href="/wiki/JR%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98" class="mw-redirect" title="JR集團">JR集团</a>7公司继承。 </p><p>JR集团之外、各地区还存在多家民营铁道公司(<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%81%E9%90%B5" title="私鐵">私鐵</a>)。位于大<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%88" title="都市圈">都市圈</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%89%8B%E7%A7%81%E9%90%B5" title="大手私鐵">大型民营铁道公司</a>、準大型民营铁道公司主要运营连接都心和郊外铁路網。<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%B0%8F%E5%9E%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E9%93%81%E9%81%93%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="中小型民营铁道公司">中小型民营铁道公司</a>多数主要致力于连接JR車站与偏远城市的铁道。大都市内还存在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E9%90%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="地下鐵">地下鐵</a>。日本的地下鐵是以<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="特殊會社" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="特殊会社"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E6%9C%83%E7%A4%BE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="特殊會社(页面不存在)">特殊會社</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E4%BC%9A%E7%A4%BE" class="extiw" title="ja:特殊会社"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">特殊会社</span></a></span>)</span></span>或是<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地方公營企業" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="地方公営企業"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%85%AC%E7%87%9F%E4%BC%81%E6%A5%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="地方公營企業(页面不存在)">地方公營企業</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%85%AC%E5%96%B6%E4%BC%81%E6%A5%AD" class="extiw" title="ja:地方公営企業"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">地方公営企業</span></a></span>)</span></span>(<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="公營交通" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="公営交通"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E7%87%9F%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="公營交通(页面不存在)">公營交通</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%96%B6%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A" class="extiw" title="ja:公営交通"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">公営交通</span></a></span>)</span></span>)的形態来运营的。 </p><p>除了JR與私鐵,還有一種由地方政府與在地企業合資的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E9%83%A8%E9%96%80%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93" title="日本第三部門鐵道">第三部門鐵道公司</a>,大多經營原國鐵與JR的路線,以維持地方上居民交通與貨物列車行駛需求。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E8%BB%8C%E9%9B%BB%E8%BB%8A" title="有軌電車">路面電車</a>根据<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="軌道法" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="軌道法"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93%E6%B3%95&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="軌道法(页面不存在)">軌道法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93%E6%B3%95" class="extiw" title="ja:軌道法"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">軌道法</span></a></span>)</span></span>,大多数不属于严格意义上的「鐵道」。路面電車正逐渐撤废中,但現在一部分都市仍在運行,也存在地方公營企業的形態和民間企業的形態。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="JR集团"><span id="JR.E9.9B.86.E5.9B.A2"></span><a href="/wiki/JR" title="JR">JR集团</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="编辑章节:JR集团"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1987年,原屬公營事業機構的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%89%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93" title="日本國有鐵道">日本國有鐵道</a>(國鐵)進行<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%90%B5%E5%88%86%E5%89%B2%E6%B0%91%E7%87%9F%E5%8C%96" title="國鐵分割民營化">分割及民營化</a>成为<a href="/wiki/JR" title="JR">JR集团</a>,主要由依據《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="旅客鐵道株式會社及日本貨物鐵道株式會社相關法律" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="旅客鉄道株式会社及び日本貨物鉄道株式会社に関する法律"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%85%E5%AE%A2%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93%E6%A0%AA%E5%BC%8F%E6%9C%83%E7%A4%BE%E5%8F%8A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%B2%A8%E7%89%A9%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93%E6%A0%AA%E5%BC%8F%E6%9C%83%E7%A4%BE%E7%9B%B8%E9%97%9C%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="旅客鐵道株式會社及日本貨物鐵道株式會社相關法律(页面不存在)">旅客鐵道株式會社及日本貨物鐵道株式會社相關法律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%85%E5%AE%A2%E9%89%84%E9%81%93%E6%A0%AA%E5%BC%8F%E4%BC%9A%E7%A4%BE%E5%8F%8A%E3%81%B3%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%B2%A8%E7%89%A9%E9%89%84%E9%81%93%E6%A0%AA%E5%BC%8F%E4%BC%9A%E7%A4%BE%E3%81%AB%E9%96%A2%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B" class="extiw" title="ja:旅客鉄道株式会社及び日本貨物鉄道株式会社に関する法律"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">旅客鉄道株式会社及び日本貨物鉄道株式会社に関する法律</span></a></span>)</span></span>》(一般簡稱為「JR會社法」)成立的7家JR公司組成。在這7家JR公司中,<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%97%85%E5%AE%A2%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93" title="東日本旅客鐵道">東日本旅客鐵道</a>(JR東日本)、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%B5%B7%E6%97%85%E5%AE%A2%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93" title="東海旅客鐵道">東海旅客鐵道</a>(JR東海)、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%97%85%E5%AE%A2%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93" title="西日本旅客鐵道">西日本旅客鐵道</a>(JR西日本)以及<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E%E6%97%85%E5%AE%A2%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93" title="九州旅客鐵道">九州旅客鐵道</a>(JR九州)已成為<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%82%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="上市公司">上市公司</a>,国有股份也已全部售出,達成完全民營化。 </p><p>但另一方面,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E6%97%85%E5%AE%A2%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93" title="北海道旅客鐵道">北海道旅客鐵道</a>(JR北海道)、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%9C%8B%E6%97%85%E5%AE%A2%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93" title="四國旅客鐵道">四國旅客鐵道</a>(JR四國)、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%B2%A8%E7%89%A9%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93" title="日本貨物鐵道">日本貨物鐵道</a>(JR貨物)則仍根据JR會社法,為日本政府100%出資但以公司形態營運的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="特殊會社" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="特殊会社"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E6%9C%83%E7%A4%BE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="特殊會社(页面不存在)">特殊會社</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E4%BC%9A%E7%A4%BE" class="extiw" title="ja:特殊会社"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">特殊会社</span></a></span>)</span></span>(依照特別法成立的國營公司,屬於<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="特殊法人" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="特殊法人"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E6%B3%95%E4%BA%BA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="特殊法人(页面不存在)">特殊法人</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E6%B3%95%E4%BA%BA" class="extiw" title="ja:特殊法人"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">特殊法人</span></a></span>)</span></span>的一種),<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%A1%E7%A5%A8" title="股票">股票</a>也未<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%82" class="mw-disambig" title="上市">上市</a>。这三家公司因為負責的營運區域或項目基於人口、經濟活動等無法抗拒的外部因素,營運基礎較為脆弱,無法單靠鐵路運輸的經營達到收支平衡,而經常需要仰賴中央或地方政府的預算支援,因此其經營的重點在於鐵路運輸業之外的多角經營,盡可能提升公司的整體經營利益。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="大手私鐵"><span id=".E5.A4.A7.E6.89.8B.E7.A7.81.E9.90.B5"></span>大手私鐵</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="编辑章节:大手私鐵"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>16家大型民营铁道公司(通稱<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%89%8B%E7%A7%81%E9%90%B5" title="大手私鐵">大手私鐵</a>)以大都市为中心,承担了大量的客流量。但是,受日本全體人口減少的影響,客流量有减少的趋势。这些大手私鐵中,不仅在鐵道事業,在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%A3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="巴士">巴士</a>事業和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%8A%A8%E4%BA%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="不动产">不动产</a>事業等方面收益的公司也有很多。 </p><p>一般来说,以下16家铁路公司被称为主要私营铁路公司。前9家公司位于东京地区,5家公司位于大阪地区,其中连接两个大都市区的近铁公司、名古屋地区唯一的名铁公司、福冈地区唯一的西铁公司。 </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79074265">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-count:3; column-width:auto;column-width:18em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E4%BA%AC%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E9%93%81" class="mw-redirect" title="东京地下铁">東京地下铁</a>(東京地铁)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%AD%A6%E9%93%81%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="东武铁道">東武铁道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%AD%A6%E9%93%81%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="西武铁道">西武铁道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E6%BF%B1%E6%80%A5%E8%A1%8C%E9%9B%BB%E9%90%B5" title="京濱急行電鐵">京滨急行電铁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%80%A5%E9%9B%BB%E9%90%B5" title="東急電鐵">東急電铁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E6%88%90%E9%9B%BB%E9%90%B5" title="京成電鐵">京成電铁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E7%94%B0%E6%80%A5%E9%9B%BB%E9%90%B5" title="小田急電鐵">小田急電铁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E6%A8%A1%E9%93%81%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="相模铁道">相模铁道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E7%8E%8B%E9%9B%BB%E9%90%B5" title="京王電鐵">京王電铁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8D%E5%8F%A4%E5%B1%8B%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93" title="名古屋鐵道">名古屋铁道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E7%95%BF%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%93%81%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="近畿日本铁道">近畿日本铁道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%B5%B7%E7%94%B5%E6%B0%94%E9%93%81%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="南海电气铁道">南海電气铁道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E9%98%AA%E9%9B%BB%E6%B0%A3%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93" title="京阪電氣鐵道">京阪電气铁道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%AA%E6%80%A5%E9%9B%BB%E9%90%B5" title="阪急電鐵">阪急電铁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%AA%E7%A5%9E%E9%9B%BB%E6%B0%A3%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93" title="阪神電氣鐵道">阪神電气铁道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%93%81%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="西日本铁道">西日本铁道</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="中小私鐵"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E5.B0.8F.E7.A7.81.E9.90.B5"></span>中小私鐵</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="编辑章节:中小私鐵"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>一般来说,以下五家铁路公司被称为<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%86%E5%A4%A7%E6%89%8B%E7%A7%81%E9%93%81" class="mw-redirect" title="准大手私铁">准大手私铁</a>。 </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79074265"><div class="div-col" style="column-count:3; column-width:auto;column-width:18em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E4%BA%AC%E6%88%90%E9%9B%BB%E9%90%B5" title="新京成電鐵">新京成电铁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%89%E5%8C%97%E9%AB%98%E9%80%9F%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93" title="泉北高速鐵道">泉北高速铁道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E9%98%AA%E6%80%A5%E8%A1%8C%E9%9B%BB%E9%90%B5" title="北大阪急行電鐵">北大阪急行电铁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E6%88%B7%E9%AB%98%E9%80%9F%E9%93%81%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="神户高速铁道">神户高速铁道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E9%99%BD%E9%9B%BB%E6%B0%A3%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93" title="山陽電氣鐵道">山阳电气铁道</a></li></ul></div> <p>主要城市附近的准大手私铁参与沿线开发和车站附近商业设施的运营,业务基础相对稳定。其他地方中小型民营铁道公司(通稱中小私鐵)經營状况都不佳。都市近郊的準大手私鐵依靠铁道沿線的住宅開發,影響不是很大。但是,除此之外的郊外农村地区的民营铁道公司大都亏损。除了有觀光資源、有一定程度需要的地方之外,铁道路線都不断縮短、廢止。<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="地方自治體">地方自治體</a>經營状况的惡化导致補助金減少或是被取消。自<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="鐵道事業法" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="鉄道事業法"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93%E4%BA%8B%E6%A5%AD%E6%B3%95&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="鐵道事業法(页面不存在)">鐵道事業法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%89%84%E9%81%93%E4%BA%8B%E6%A5%AD%E6%B3%95" class="extiw" title="ja:鉄道事業法"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">鉄道事業法</span></a></span>)</span></span>修正之后,只需提出申请,就可能廢止铁道路线。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="公營鐵道等"><span id=".E5.85.AC.E7.87.9F.E9.90.B5.E9.81.93.E7.AD.89"></span>公營鐵道等</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="编辑章节:公營鐵道等"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见:<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E9%83%A8%E9%96%80%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93" title="日本第三部門鐵道">日本第三部門鐵道</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%9C%98%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="地方公共團體">地方公共團體</a>出资、以及民間企業和地方公共團體共同出資的鐵道在交通網薄弱的地域是不可或缺的。然而,在郊外农村地区,由於公路的發達、私人運具的普及和人口減少,接手國鐵的<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%AE%9A%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E7%B7%9A" title="特定地方交通線">亏损路線</a>,經營大多都甚为艰难。在都市地区,有些路线由于高昂的建设费用导致高价的车票,从而陷入了客流量难以扩大,沿線開發无法进展,就更难以吸引客流的恶性循环。但也有诸如<a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%91%E6%B3%A2%E5%BF%AB%E7%BA%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="筑波快线">筑波快线</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E9%A0%AD%E6%80%A5%E8%A1%8C" title="智頭急行">智頭急行</a>之类,有较高客流量的鐵道路線。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="旅客运输"><span id=".E6.97.85.E5.AE.A2.E8.BF.90.E8.BE.93"></span>旅客运输</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="编辑章节:旅客运输"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable floatright sortable" style="font-size:85%; text-align:right; margin:1em"> <caption>按运营商划分的客运量(2020 年)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>运营商</th> <th>输送量<br />(千人)</th> <th>输送量<br />(总量) </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">JR北海道</td> <td>94,371</td> <td>2,234,907 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">JR東日本</td> <td>4,536,596</td> <td>84,550,898 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">JR東海</td> <td>363,589</td> <td>24,609,783 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">JR西日本</td> <td>1,425,216</td> <td>34,110,292 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">JR四国</td> <td>33,863</td> <td>875,935 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">JR九州</td> <td>251,050</td> <td>5,564,720 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">東武</td> <td>677,046</td> <td>8,576,472 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">西武</td> <td>471,752</td> <td>6,129,730 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">京成</td> <td>208,714</td> <td>2,534,868 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">京王</td> <td>450,644</td> <td>5,174,055 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">小田急</td> <td>525,225</td> <td>7,581,302 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">東急</td> <td>805,783</td> <td>7,376,243 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">京急</td> <td>334,904</td> <td>4,354,440 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">相鉄</td> <td>174,827</td> <td>1,846,771 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">名鉄</td> <td>296,235</td> <td>5,228,401 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">近鉄</td> <td>425,869</td> <td>7,210,138 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">南海</td> <td>178,159</td> <td>2,704,849 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">京阪</td> <td>207,726</td> <td>2,834,177 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">阪急</td> <td>485,104</td> <td>6,481,959 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">阪神</td> <td>183,551</td> <td>1,657,108 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">西鉄</td> <td>79,048</td> <td>1,120,731 </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:500-n700.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/500-n700.jpg/220px-500-n700.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/500-n700.jpg/330px-500-n700.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/500-n700.jpg/440px-500-n700.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3241" data-file-height="1845" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/500%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="500系">500系</a>和<a href="/wiki/N700%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="N700系">N700系</a>新幹線</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Series_L0.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Series_L0.JPG/220px-Series_L0.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Series_L0.JPG/330px-Series_L0.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Series_L0.JPG/440px-Series_L0.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3333" data-file-height="1875" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/JR%E7%A3%81%E6%B5%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="JR磁浮">JR磁浮</a>實驗車</figcaption></figure> <p>日本铁路的客运量很高,特别是<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%B9%E7%B7%9A" title="東海道新幹線">东海道新干线</a>作为<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="城市铁路">城市铁路</a>连接东京和关西地区的主要线路以及城市之间,是世界上<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="輸送密度" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="輸送密度"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BC%B8%E9%80%81%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="輸送密度(页面不存在)">輸送密度</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BC%B8%E9%80%81%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" class="extiw" title="ja:輸送密度"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">輸送密度</span></a></span>)</span></span>运输密度最高的铁路之一。东京和新大阪之间的东海道新干线的运行频率与通勤列车一样,每小时运行多达16趟列车,但以如此大的运量和频率连接中长途城市的高速铁路并不多见。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="速度"><span id=".E9.80.9F.E5.BA.A6"></span>速度</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="编辑章节:速度"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>专为高速运营而设计和建造的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%B2%E7%BA%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="新干线">新干线</a>列车,<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%98%8E%E7%9F%B3%E8%BB%8A%E7%AB%99" title="西明石車站">西明石</a>以西的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E9%99%BD%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%B9%E7%B7%9A" title="山陽新幹線">山陽新幹線</a>“<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E6%9C%9B%E8%99%9F%E5%88%97%E8%BB%8A" title="希望號列車">希望号</a>”最高速度为300公里/小时,<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%B9%E7%B7%9A" title="東北新幹線">东北新干线</a>“<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%BC%E8%99%9F%E5%88%97%E8%BB%8A" title="隼號列車">隼号</a>”<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E9%83%BD%E5%AE%AE%E8%BB%8A%E7%AB%99" title="宇都宮車站">宇都宫</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%9B%E5%B2%A1%E7%AB%99" title="盛岡站">盛冈</a>之间的最高速度为320公里/小时。 </p><p>另一方面,<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E4%BE%86%E7%B7%9A" title="在來線">在來線</a>的最高时速只有少数线路达到160公里/小时,即使是重要干线也普遍维持在120-130公里/小时。主要原因是 </p> <ul><li>多数线路为1067<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%AB%E7%B1%B3" title="毫米">公釐</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%84%E8%BB%8C" title="窄軌">窄軌</a>,较小的车身难以搭载高输出的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%8B%95%E9%A6%AC%E9%81%94" class="mw-redirect" title="電動馬達">电动马达</a>、更無法以較高時速平穩行駛。</li> <li>多山地形导致弯道较多(对于<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E6%B0%A3%E6%A9%9F%E8%BB%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="蒸氣機車">蒸氣機車</a>,要增加弯道以尽量減低坡度)。</li> <li>密集的人口导致大量公路交叉口的存在,因此有紧急刹车后600米内停车的规定,进而影响车速</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="安全對策"><span id=".E5.AE.89.E5.85.A8.E5.B0.8D.E7.AD.96"></span>安全對策</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="编辑章节:安全對策"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>自從<a href="/wiki/JR%E7%A6%8F%E7%9F%A5%E5%B1%B1%E7%B7%9A%E5%87%BA%E8%BB%8C%E4%BA%8B%E6%95%85" title="JR福知山線出軌事故">JR福知山線出軌事故</a>發生以後,市民對鐵道運輸的安全性及信心有下降趨勢。各鐵道公司亦紛紛投資在安全問題上,除了<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E5%88%97%E8%BB%8A%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E8%A3%9D%E7%BD%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="自動列車控制裝置">自動列車控制裝置</a>(ATC)等主要對策之外,安裝<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E5%8F%B0%E5%B9%95%E9%96%80" title="月台幕門">月台幕門</a>等較細微的事項亦沒有忽略。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="無障礙運輸"><span id=".E7.84.A1.E9.9A.9C.E7.A4.99.E9.81.8B.E8.BC.B8"></span>無障礙運輸</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="编辑章节:無障礙運輸"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>隨著<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E9%9A%9C%E7%A4%99" class="mw-redirect" title="無障礙">無障礙</a>運輸交通法的施行,各公司都將轄下的設施無障礙化,以方便殘疾人士使用。主要以市中心由市中心車站開始,加設<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%A2%AF" title="電梯">電梯</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%87%E9%99%8D%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="升降機">升降機</a>等等。車站<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%97%E6%89%8B%E9%96%93" class="mw-redirect" title="洗手間">洗手間</a>亦更換成多用途洗手間,不少列車內的洗手間同樣更換為多用途式。但是,仍有不少業務不佳的公司沒有實行無障礙化。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="相关服务"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E5.85.B3.E6.9C.8D.E5.8A.A1"></span>相关服务</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="编辑章节:相关服务"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>为了提升客流量,服务品质的提升是不可或缺的一环。因此,各事業者都想尽各种方法以期能吸引乘客──从车站服务人员教育等的软件质量提升,到简化複數路線利用方法,引入通用<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E6%85%A7%E5%8D%A1" title="智慧卡">交通卡</a>(例如<a href="/wiki/PASMO" title="PASMO">PASMO</a>等)甚至是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E7%94%A8%E5%8D%A1" title="信用卡">信用卡</a>付费方式等的硬體品质提升。 </p><p>另一方面,大多数铁路公司通过在车站楼内引入各种商店,为乘客提供了方便,同时也确保了公司收益。<a href="/wiki/JR" title="JR">JR</a>也摆脱了<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E7%87%9F%E4%BC%81%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="國營企業">国营企业</a>的束缚,以大都市的主要站点为中心,大量的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%97%E9%8B%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="店鋪">出租店铺</a>在车站楼内开店。然而,在车站楼内这样一个有利位置开店,也给车站周边的商店带来了一定的影响。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="拥挤不堪的城市客运交通"><span id=".E6.8B.A5.E6.8C.A4.E4.B8.8D.E5.A0.AA.E7.9A.84.E5.9F.8E.E5.B8.82.E5.AE.A2.E8.BF.90.E4.BA.A4.E9.80.9A"></span>拥挤不堪的城市客运交通</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="编辑章节:拥挤不堪的城市客运交通"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见:<a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%81%E5%BF%99%E6%99%82%E9%96%93#交通运输行业" title="繁忙時間">繁忙時間 §&#160;交通运输行业</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="客流量密度高"><span id=".E5.AE.A2.E6.B5.81.E9.87.8F.E5.AF.86.E5.BA.A6.E9.AB.98"></span>客流量密度高</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="编辑章节:客流量密度高"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Railway_passenger_congestion_rates_in_Tokyo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Railway_passenger_congestion_rates_in_Tokyo.svg/350px-Railway_passenger_congestion_rates_in_Tokyo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Railway_passenger_congestion_rates_in_Tokyo.svg/525px-Railway_passenger_congestion_rates_in_Tokyo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Railway_passenger_congestion_rates_in_Tokyo.svg/700px-Railway_passenger_congestion_rates_in_Tokyo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="415" /></a><figcaption>东京地区31个主要路段高峰时段平均拥堵率趋势(铁道局、国土交通省)</figcaption></figure> <p>在东京地区,山手线和中央快速线等线路上的10辆编组列车可运送3,000至4,000名乘客,双轨列车在高峰时段每小时可运送约10万名乘客,这是仅次于莫斯科地铁138,000人/小时<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>的第二高交通密度。曾一度大量引进<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="六门车" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="通勤形車両 (鉄道)#多扉化・ワイドドア化時代"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AD%E9%97%A8%E8%BD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="六门车(页面不存在)">六门车</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E5%8B%A4%E5%BD%A2%E8%BB%8A%E4%B8%A1_(%E9%89%84%E9%81%93)#多扉化・ワイドドア化時代" class="extiw" title="ja:通勤形車両 (鉄道)"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">通勤形車両 (鉄道)#多扉化・ワイドドア化時代</span></a></span>)</span></span>,这种车辆的设计与其他国家不同,因为在繁忙的时候它们可以容纳所有的椅子。其他国家也经常引入严酷的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%96%E5%B3%B0%E6%99%82%E9%96%93" class="mw-redirect" title="尖峰時間">高峰时间</a>。 </p><p>虽然世界上最大的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E5%9C%88_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="首都圈 (日本)">首都圈</a>东京都区的经济活动如果没有这样的铁路就不可能进行,但从人们的舒适和福利的角度来看,存在问题。自经济高速增长时期以来,日本一直在努力增强交通能力以缓解拥堵,例如引入多条<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E7%B7%9A%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF" title="四線鐵路">四線鐵路</a>(以日本国家铁路公司的“<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E5%8B%A4%E4%BA%94%E6%96%B9%E9%9D%A2%E4%BD%9C%E6%88%B0" title="通勤五方面作戰">五管齐下</a>”通勤战略为代表)以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E9%83%BD%E9%AB%98%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E8%90%A5%E5%9B%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="帝都高速度交通营团">营团地下铁</a>开通新线路等,但随着事态的发展,人口集中在东京的情况还远没有得到解决,而且基础设施的强化由于日本国家铁路和日本旅客铁道公司的私有化而陷入停滞,因此迄今为止还没有看到根本性的改善。此外,由于铁路运营亏损,运营商进行精简,减少了运营列车数量和车队车辆数量,近年来,即使在高峰时段,地方铁路线的拥挤也已成为常态。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="上下车旅客较多的车站"><span id=".E4.B8.8A.E4.B8.8B.E8.BD.A6.E6.97.85.E5.AE.A2.E8.BE.83.E5.A4.9A.E7.9A.84.E8.BD.A6.E7.AB.99"></span>上下车旅客较多的车站</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="编辑章节:上下车旅客较多的车站"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rush_hour_at_Shinjuku_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Rush_hour_at_Shinjuku_02.JPG/220px-Rush_hour_at_Shinjuku_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Rush_hour_at_Shinjuku_02.JPG/330px-Rush_hour_at_Shinjuku_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Rush_hour_at_Shinjuku_02.JPG/440px-Rush_hour_at_Shinjuku_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>新宿站</figcaption></figure> <p>由于客流量大、运输密度大、乘客占比大。全球<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%BD%E5%AE%A2%E9%87%8F" title="载客量">载客量</a>最多的车站是日本的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%BF%E7%AB%99" title="新宿站">新宿站</a>(仅JR东日本每天约150万人次,包括私营铁路约350万人次),<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jt_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jt-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>此外,日本的以下车站位居世界第二以下:<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%80%E8%B0%B7%E7%AB%99" title="澀谷站">涩谷站</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A0%E8%A2%8B%E7%AB%99" title="池袋站">池袋站</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E7%94%B0%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80%E7%9A%84%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93%E8%BB%8A%E7%AB%99" title="梅田地區的鐵道車站">梅田站/大阪站</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%AB%E6%BF%B1%E7%AB%99" title="橫濱站">横滨站</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-jt_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jt-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>另一方面,日本以外旅客人数最多的车站是台湾的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97%E7%AB%99" class="mw-redirect" title="台北站">台北站</a>,其次是<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E5%8C%97%E7%AB%99" title="巴黎北站">巴黎北站</a>,每年载客量为1.9亿人次(仅<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="法国国家铁路">法国国家铁路</a>,不包括地铁)。<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>每天的人流量约为52万人次,是新宿站人流量的七分之一,在日本车站中仅与<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%AA%E6%80%A5%E6%A2%85%E7%94%B0%E7%AB%99" class="mw-redirect" title="阪急梅田站">阪急梅田站</a>相当。 </p><p>这些高要求、市场份额和时间精度也会影响稍后讨论的其他特性。此外,根据三戸祐子的说法,人们认为高需求和准时性是相互影响的。 </p> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="貨物輸送"><span id=".E8.B2.A8.E7.89.A9.E8.BC.B8.E9.80.81"></span>貨物輸送</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="编辑章节:貨物輸送"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>货运铁路运营商有22家<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>随着國鐵分割民營化,<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A8%E7%89%A9" title="貨物">貨物</a>运输方面由<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%B2%A8%E7%89%A9%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93" title="日本貨物鐵道">日本貨物鐵道</a>(JR貨物)来接手。铁路货运曾经是日本货运的支柱,但自20世纪60年代以来,由于高速公路网络的扩张、送货上门服务的扩大以及对日本国铁货运失去信任,货运量有所下降。20世纪70年代末,由于<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%A2%E5%B7%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="罢工">罢工</a>,日本国铁的数量急剧减少,货运列车和设备进行了大幅重组,并移交给JR货运以精简管理。 </p><p>即使JR貨物成立后,铁路貨物运输量仍维持在较低水平。之後,从環境保護以及发挥铁路运输优势的视点出发,从普通货车转向<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E8%A3%85%E7%AE%B1" title="集装箱">集装箱</a>化,引入新车型来提高车速,从而使JR貨物开始扭亏转盈。 </p><p>然而,以郊外农村地区貨物运输为中心的中小型民营铁道(<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="臨海鐵道" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="臨海鉄道"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%A8%E6%B5%B7%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="臨海鐵道(页面不存在)">臨海鐵道</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%A8%E6%B5%B7%E9%89%84%E9%81%93" class="extiw" title="ja:臨海鉄道"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">臨海鉄道</span></a></span>)</span></span>等)仍大量经营困难。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="统计"><span id=".E7.BB.9F.E8.AE.A1"></span>统计</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="编辑章节:统计"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="运输份额"><span id=".E8.BF.90.E8.BE.93.E4.BB.BD.E9.A2.9D"></span>运输份额</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="编辑章节:运输份额"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%; text-align:right; margin:1em"> <caption>日本交通客运量(十亿人公里)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th>1965</th> <th>1970</th> <th>1975</th> <th>1980</th> <th>1985</th> <th>1990</th> <th>1995</th> <th>2000</th> <th>2005</th> <th>2010</th> <th>2012</th> <th>2014</th> <th>2016</th> <th>2018</th> <th>2019</th> <th>2020 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">汽车</td> <td>1,208</td> <td>2,842</td> <td>3,609</td> <td>4,317</td> <td>4,893</td> <td>8,531</td> <td>9,174</td> <td>9,513</td> <td>9,330</td> <td>777</td> <td>757</td> <td>726</td> <td>701</td> <td>701</td> <td>656</td> <td>256 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">鉄道</td> <td>2,555</td> <td>2,888</td> <td>3,238</td> <td>3,145</td> <td>3,301</td> <td>3,875</td> <td>4,001</td> <td>3,843</td> <td>3,912</td> <td>3,934</td> <td>4,044</td> <td>4,159</td> <td>4,290</td> <td>4,418</td> <td>4,350</td> <td>2,631 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">水運</td> <td>34</td> <td>48</td> <td>69</td> <td>61</td> <td>58</td> <td>63</td> <td>55</td> <td>43</td> <td>40</td> <td>30</td> <td>31</td> <td>30</td> <td>33</td> <td>34</td> <td>31</td> <td>15 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">航空</td> <td>30</td> <td>93</td> <td>191</td> <td>297</td> <td>331</td> <td>516</td> <td>650</td> <td>797</td> <td>832</td> <td>738</td> <td>779</td> <td>868</td> <td>888</td> <td>962</td> <td>945</td> <td>315 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="18"><small>※ 2010年起不包括私家车和轻型车辆。</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%; text-align:right; margin:1em"> <caption>日本交通货物量(亿吨公里)<sup id="cite_ref-stat_f_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stat_f-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th>1950</th> <th>1955</th> <th>1960</th> <th>1965</th> <th>1970</th> <th>1975</th> <th>1980</th> <th>1985</th> <th>1990</th> <th>1995</th> <th>2000</th> <th>2005</th> <th>2010</th> <th>2015</th> <th>2017</th> <th>2018</th> <th>2019 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">汽车</td> <td>54</td> <td>95</td> <td>208</td> <td>484</td> <td>1,359</td> <td>1,297</td> <td>1,789</td> <td>2,059</td> <td>2,742</td> <td>2,946</td> <td>3,131</td> <td>3,350</td> <td>2,432</td> <td>2,043</td> <td>2,108</td> <td>2,105</td> <td>2,138 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">鉄道</td> <td>312</td> <td>427</td> <td>539</td> <td>567</td> <td>630</td> <td>471</td> <td>374</td> <td>219</td> <td>272</td> <td>251</td> <td>221</td> <td>228</td> <td>204</td> <td>215</td> <td>217</td> <td>194</td> <td>200 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">内陸海運</td> <td>255</td> <td>290</td> <td>636</td> <td>806</td> <td>1,512</td> <td>1,836</td> <td>2,222</td> <td>2,058</td> <td>2,445</td> <td>2,383</td> <td>2,417</td> <td>2,116</td> <td>1,799</td> <td>1,804</td> <td>1,809</td> <td>1,791</td> <td>1,697 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">航空</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>0.1</td> <td>0.2</td> <td>0.7</td> <td>1.5</td> <td>2.9</td> <td>4.8</td> <td>8.0</td> <td>9.2</td> <td>10.8</td> <td>10.8</td> <td>10.3</td> <td>10.6</td> <td>10.7</td> <td>9.8</td> <td>9.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="18"><small>※ 汽车数据不连续,因为聚合方法自2010年以来发生了变化。</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>尽管由于20世纪50年代和20世纪50年代汽车(<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="机动化" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="モータリゼーション"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%BA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="机动化(页面不存在)">机动化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%BC%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3" class="extiw" title="ja:モータリゼーション"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">モータリゼーション</span></a></span>)</span></span>)的普及而大幅下降,但日本的铁路客运份额仍保持在30%左右,是世界上最高的。铁路和新干线,特别是在东京和大阪地区,每天都受到人们的使用和喜爱,因为与其他交通工具相比,它们相对方便。然而,在东京和大阪地区以外的农村地区,汽车更方便,而火车往往不被大量使用。货运份额仍处于略低于5%的低水平(2019年)<sup id="cite_ref-stat_f_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stat_f-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="运输数量"><span id=".E8.BF.90.E8.BE.93.E6.95.B0.E9.87.8F"></span>运输数量</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="编辑章节:运输数量"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable floatright" style="font-size:85%; text-align:right; margin:1em"> <caption>运输流量变化<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>年</th> <th>旅客輸送</th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF%E8%B4%A7%E7%89%A9%E8%BF%90%E8%BE%93" class="mw-redirect" title="铁路货物运输">货运输送</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">昭和40</td> <td>4,278,671</td> <td>4,151,793 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">45</td> <td>5,291,582</td> <td>4,125,914 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">50</td> <td>5,878,893</td> <td>2,982,165 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">55</td> <td>6,123,283</td> <td>2,188,584 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">60</td> <td>6,113,268</td> <td>1,190,771 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">平成2</td> <td>7,176,375</td> <td>1,483,303 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">7</td> <td>7,531,706</td> <td>1,454,950 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">12</td> <td>7,770,227</td> <td>1,247,096 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">17</td> <td>8,237,240</td> <td>1,192,123 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">19</td> <td>8,301,381</td> <td>1,270,008 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">21</td> <td>8,376,123</td> <td>1,228,156 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">22</td> <td>8,332,137</td> <td>1,131,987 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">23</td> <td>8,288,215</td> <td>1,101,298 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">24</td> <td>8,419,252</td> <td>1,112,761 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">25</td> <td>8,468,738</td> <td>1,153,618 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">26</td> <td>8,481,176</td> <td>1,089,722 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">27</td> <td>8,610,770</td> <td>1,231,867 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">28</td> <td>8,645,444</td> <td>1,193,760 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">29</td> <td>8,677,590</td> <td>1,200,296 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">30</td> <td>8,683,466</td> <td>1,146,342 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">令和</td> <td>8,770,453</td> <td>1,248,597 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh skin-invert" role="rowheader">2</td> <td>8,503,218</td> <td>1,210,085 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%AD%E5%92%8C" title="昭和">昭和</a>30年代(1955年-1964年)之前总体上是增加的趋势,但昭和30年代以后,随着<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%88%98%E5%90%8E%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%A5%87%E8%BF%B9" title="日本战后经济奇迹">高度經濟成長期</a>的產業结构的變化导致的人口分佈的變化(向大都市集中)以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BD%E8%BD%A6" title="汽车">汽车</a>的普及,郊外、农村等地的中小型民营鐵道的客流量逐渐减少,许多铁道被撤废。昭和40年代(1965年-1974年)後半段以后,由于机票价格低廉化以及<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%80%9F%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF" title="高速公路">高速公路</a>網渐趋完备,長距離铁路客运的需求逐渐减少。 </p><p>現在由于<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%91%E5%AD%90%E5%8C%96" title="少子化">少子化</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%BD%A1%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="高齡化">高齡化</a>以及人口分佈的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="都心回归" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="都心回帰"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%83%BD%E5%BF%83%E5%9B%9E%E5%BD%92&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="都心回归(页面不存在)">都心回归</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E5%BF%83%E5%9B%9E%E5%B8%B0" class="extiw" title="ja:都心回帰"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">都心回帰</span></a></span>)</span></span>等现象,不仅是农村地区的中小型民营铁路,大都市圈的民营铁路的连接都心与郊外的铁路客流量也出现了减少的情况。 </p><p>另一方面,都市部也存在客流量逐年增加的铁道线路,以及新开线路导致的客流量增加。在农村部,由于对抗公路与航空的竞争策略以及觀光客的增加,一部分路線也有客流量增加的情况。 </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:458px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Railway_transport_volumes_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="JR和私营铁路的运量(客运/货运)"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Railway_transport_volumes_of_Japan.svg/450px-Railway_transport_volumes_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="335" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Railway_transport_volumes_of_Japan.svg/675px-Railway_transport_volumes_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Railway_transport_volumes_of_Japan.svg/900px-Railway_transport_volumes_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="805" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Railway_transport_volumes_of_Japan.svg" title="File:Railway transport volumes of Japan.svg"> </a></div>JR和私营铁路的运量(客运/货运)</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="编辑章节:歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>日本第一条铁路于<a href="/wiki/1872%E5%B9%B4" title="1872年">1872年</a>(明治5年)<span class="ilh-all ilh-blue" data-orig-title="开通" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="日本の鉄道開業"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E9%80%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="开通">开通</a></span></span>,由国家政府兴建,日本铁路本打算归<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%89%E4%BC%81%E4%B8%9A" title="国有企业">国有</a>,但由于后来爆发的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%97%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="西南戰爭">西南戰爭</a>导致政府财政困难,干线铁路网有些是由<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93" title="日本鐵道">日本鐵道</a>等私营铁路建造的。但<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E5%8D%88%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="甲午战争">甲午</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E4%BF%84%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="日俄战争">日俄战争</a>后,从军事交通角度考虑铁路国有化的想法增多,并于<a href="/wiki/1906%E5%B9%B4" title="1906年">1906年</a>(明治39年)颁布了《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="鉄道国有法" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="鉄道国有法"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%89%84%E9%81%93%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%89%E6%B3%95&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="鉄道国有法(页面不存在)">鉄道国有法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%89%84%E9%81%93%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%89%E6%B3%95" class="extiw" title="ja:鉄道国有法"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">鉄道国有法</span></a></span>)</span></span>》,日本铁路网基本被控制由国家政府决定实施。一些私营铁路仍然是私营的,但只负责某一地区的运输。此后,根据《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="鉄道敷設法" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="鉄道敷設法"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%89%84%E9%81%93%E6%95%B7%E8%A8%AD%E6%B3%95&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="鉄道敷設法(页面不存在)">鉄道敷設法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%89%84%E9%81%93%E6%95%B7%E8%A8%AD%E6%B3%95" class="extiw" title="ja:鉄道敷設法"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">鉄道敷設法</span></a></span>)</span></span>》,私营铁路被收购并国有化。 </p><p>《铁道国有法》之后直至<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%88%98" class="mw-redirect" title="二战">二战</a>结束后,国家政府(<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93%E7%9C%81_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="鐵道省 (日本)">鉄道寮→鉄道院→鉄道省→運輸省</a>)直接运营国家的干线(国铁),<a href="/wiki/1949%E5%B9%B4" title="1949年">1949年</a>(昭和24年)改组为公营公司(<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%89%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93" title="日本國有鐵道">日本國有鐵道</a>),但在<a href="/wiki/1987%E5%B9%B4" title="1987年">1987年</a>后,日本国铁本身因1987年国铁分割民营化而解散,由<a href="/wiki/JR%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98" class="mw-redirect" title="JR集團">JR集團</a>的七家公司继承。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="时间线"><span id=".E6.97.B6.E9.97.B4.E7.BA.BF"></span>时间线</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="编辑章节:时间线"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1872 - <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%95%E4%B8%8A%E8%83%9C" title="井上胜">井上胜</a>开通日本第一条<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%A9%8B_(%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E6%B8%AF%E5%8D%80)" title="新橋 (東京都港區)">新桥</a>(东京)和<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%AA%E6%BB%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="横滨">横滨</a>之间的铁路</li> <li>1881 - 创立日本第一家私营铁路公司<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93" title="日本鐵道">日本铁道</a></li> <li>1882 - <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93" title="北海道">北海道</a>第一条铁路<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="凤内铁道" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Horonai Railway"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%A4%E5%86%85%E9%93%81%E9%81%93&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="凤内铁道(页面不存在)">凤内铁道</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horonai_Railway" class="extiw" title="en:Horonai Railway"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Horonai Railway</span></a></span>)</span></span>开通</li> <li>1888 - <a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="四国">四国</a>第一条铁路<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E4%BA%88%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93" title="伊予鐵道">伊予铁道</a>开通</li> <li>1889 - <a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="九州 (日本)">九州</a>第一条铁路<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="九州鐵道">九州铁道</a>开通</li> <li>1889 - <a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E6%9C%AC%E7%B7%9A" title="東海道本線">东海道本线</a>竣工</li> <li>1893 - 8620级蒸汽机车,日本第一台量産的蒸汽机车</li> <li>1895 - 日本第一辆有轨电车在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD" title="京都">京都</a>开通</li> <li>1895 - 日本收购<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="台湾">台湾</a>铁路</li> <li>1899 - <a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="韩国">韩国</a>第一条铁路<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E4%BB%81%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="京仁鐵路">京仁铁路</a>开通</li> <li>1906 - <a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%BA%E5%A4%AA%E5%BB%B3" title="樺太廳">桦太厅</a>第一条铁路开通</li> <li>1906 - <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%BB%A1%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF" title="南满铁路">南满铁路</a>奠基</li> <li>1906-1907 - 17条私营铁路<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%89%E5%8C%96" title="國有化">国有化</a></li> <li>1914 - <a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E7%AB%99" title="東京站">东京站</a>开通</li> <li>1925 - <a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E6%89%8B%E7%B7%9A" title="山手線">山手线</a>开通</li> <li>1927 - <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E4%BA%AC%E5%9C%B0%E9%93%81" class="mw-redirect" title="东京地铁">东京地铁</a>开通,<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2" title="亚洲">亚洲</a>第一条地铁</li> <li>1942 - 连接<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E5%B7%9E" title="本州">本州</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="九州 (日本)">九州</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%9C%E9%96%80%E9%9A%A7%E9%81%93_(%E5%B1%B1%E9%99%BD%E6%9C%AC%E7%B7%9A)" title="關門隧道 (山陽本線)">关门隧道</a>开通</li> <li>1945 - <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%88%98" class="mw-redirect" title="二战">二战</a>结束;铁路遭到严重破坏</li> <li>1949 - 在<a href="/wiki/%E9%A7%90%E6%97%A5%E7%9B%9F%E8%BB%8D%E7%B8%BD%E5%8F%B8%E4%BB%A4" title="駐日盟軍總司令">同盟国最高司令官</a>的授意下,<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93%E7%9C%81_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="鐵道省 (日本)">铁道省</a>(JGR)改组为公共国有企业,名为<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%89%E9%93%81%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="日本国有铁道">日本国有铁道</a>(JNR)</li> <li>1956 - <a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E6%9C%AC%E7%B7%9A" title="東海道本線">东海道本线</a>电气化完成</li> <li>1958 - <i><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E5%A3%B0%E5%8F%B7%E5%88%97%E8%BD%A6" title="回声号列车">回声号列车</a></i>,东京和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%98%AA" title="大阪">大阪</a>之间的第一辆<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E8%BD%A6%E7%BB%84" class="mw-redirect" title="动车组">动车组</a>快车</li> <li>1960 - <i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="初夏号列车" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hatsukari"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%9D%E5%A4%8F%E5%8F%B7%E5%88%97%E8%BD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="初夏号列车(页面不存在)">初夏号列车</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatsukari" class="extiw" title="en:Hatsukari"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hatsukari</span></a></span>)</span></span></i>,<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E9%87%8E" title="上野">上野</a>(东京)和<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E6%A3%AE" class="mw-disambig" title="青森">青森</a>之间的第一条<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%B4%E8%81%AF%E8%BB%8A" title="柴聯車">柴联车</a>特快</li> <li>1964 - 东京和<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%A4%A7%E9%98%AA%E7%AB%99" title="新大阪站">新大阪</a>之间的第一条<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%B2%E7%BA%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="新干线">新干线</a>开通</li> <li>1975 - 蒸汽机车从所有JNR服务中退役(切换器一直保留到1976年)</li> <li>1980 - 颁布国铁重建法;将放弃低利润线路</li> <li>1987 - 国铁私有化;<a href="/wiki/JR%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98" class="mw-redirect" title="JR集團">JR集團</a>公司接替了前国铁。</li> <li>1988 - 连接本州和北海道的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E5%87%BD%E9%9A%A7%E9%81%93" title="青函隧道">青函隧道</a>开通</li> <li>1988 - 连接本州和四国的<a href="/wiki/%E7%80%A8%E6%88%B6%E5%A4%A7%E6%A9%8B" title="瀨戶大橋">濑户大桥</a>开通</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="個別項目"><span id=".E5.80.8B.E5.88.A5.E9.A0.85.E7.9B.AE"></span>個別項目</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="编辑章节:個別項目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>以下項目可以参考。 </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79074265"><div class="div-col" style="column-count:3; column-width:auto;column-width:18em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B4%E5%82%99%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%B9%E7%B7%9A" title="整備新幹線">整备新干线</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%89%E9%93%81%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="日本国有铁道">日本国有鉄道</a>(国鉄)</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="日本电车史" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="日本の電車史"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%94%B5%E8%BD%A6%E5%8F%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="日本电车史(页面不存在)">日本电车史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E9%9B%BB%E8%BB%8A%E5%8F%B2" class="extiw" title="ja:日本の電車史"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">日本の電車史</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="日本气动车史" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="日本の気動車史"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B0%94%E5%8A%A8%E8%BD%A6%E5%8F%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="日本气动车史(页面不存在)">日本气动车史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E6%B0%97%E5%8B%95%E8%BB%8A%E5%8F%B2" class="extiw" title="ja:日本の気動車史"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">日本の気動車史</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="日本蒸汽机车史" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="日本の蒸気機関車史"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%92%B8%E6%B1%BD%E6%9C%BA%E8%BD%A6%E5%8F%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="日本蒸汽机车史(页面不存在)">日本蒸汽机车史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E8%92%B8%E6%B0%97%E6%A9%9F%E9%96%A2%E8%BB%8A%E5%8F%B2" class="extiw" title="ja:日本の蒸気機関車史"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">日本の蒸気機関車史</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="日本电力机车史" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="日本の電気機関車史"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%94%B5%E5%8A%9B%E6%9C%BA%E8%BD%A6%E5%8F%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="日本电力机车史(页面不存在)">日本电力机车史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E9%9B%BB%E6%B0%97%E6%A9%9F%E9%96%A2%E8%BB%8A%E5%8F%B2" class="extiw" title="ja:日本の電気機関車史"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">日本の電気機関車史</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="日本内燃机车史" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="日本のディーゼル機関車史"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%86%85%E7%87%83%E6%9C%BA%E8%BD%A6%E5%8F%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="日本内燃机车史(页面不存在)">日本内燃机车史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BC%E3%83%AB%E6%A9%9F%E9%96%A2%E8%BB%8A%E5%8F%B2" class="extiw" title="ja:日本のディーゼル機関車史"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">日本のディーゼル機関車史</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="日本的改軌論争" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="日本の改軌論争"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%9A%84%E6%94%B9%E8%BB%8C%E8%AB%96%E4%BA%89&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="日本的改軌論争(页面不存在)">日本的改軌論争</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E6%94%B9%E8%BB%8C%E8%AB%96%E4%BA%89" class="extiw" title="ja:日本の改軌論争"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">日本の改軌論争</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="日本国铁时刻表修订" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="国鉄ダイヤ改正"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9B%BD%E9%93%81%E6%97%B6%E5%88%BB%E8%A1%A8%E4%BF%AE%E8%AE%A2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="日本国铁时刻表修订(页面不存在)">日本国铁时刻表修订</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%89%84%E3%83%80%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A4%E6%94%B9%E6%AD%A3" class="extiw" title="ja:国鉄ダイヤ改正"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">国鉄ダイヤ改正</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="JR时刻表修订" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="JRダイヤ改正"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=JR%E6%97%B6%E5%88%BB%E8%A1%A8%E4%BF%AE%E8%AE%A2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="JR时刻表修订(页面不存在)">JR时刻表修订</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/JR%E3%83%80%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A4%E6%94%B9%E6%AD%A3" class="extiw" title="ja:JRダイヤ改正"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">JRダイヤ改正</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E4%BA%8B%E6%95%85" class="mw-redirect" title="鐵路事故">铁路事故</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="使用车辆"><span id=".E4.BD.BF.E7.94.A8.E8.BD.A6.E8.BE.86"></span>使用车辆</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="编辑章节:使用车辆"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1872年10月新桥至横滨铁路开通时,使用车辆为英国进口10台蒸汽机车。1907年,购入<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%BA%E8%BD%A6%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="美国机车公司">美国机车公司</a>蒸汽机车26台。1911年至1912年间,又分别购入匈牙利<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%BA%E8%BD%A6%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="美国机车公司">美国机车公司</a>蒸汽机车26台<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%8B%E9%90%B58900%E5%9E%8B%E8%92%B8%E6%B1%BD%E6%A9%9F%E8%BB%8A" title="日本國鐵8900型蒸汽機車">8900型蒸汽机车</a>36辆。1914年后,新购入车辆由进口车逐渐变为以国产车为主。1910年代,<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93%E7%9C%81_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="鐵道省 (日本)">日本铁道省</a>新购车辆以<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%8F%B1%E9%87%8D%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A" title="三菱重工业">三菱</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E7%AB%8B%E8%A3%BD%E4%BD%9C%E6%89%80" title="日立製作所">日立</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%BB%8A%E8%BC%9B%E8%A3%BD%E9%80%A0" title="日本車輛製造">日车</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E5%B4%8E%E9%87%8D%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD" title="川崎重工業">川崎</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BD%E8%BB%8A%E8%A3%BD%E9%80%A0_(%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8)" title="汽車製造 (公司)">汽车制造</a>等机车为主。1929年,日本铁路首次运营<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%B4%E6%B2%B9%E6%9C%BA%E8%BD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="柴油机车">柴油机车</a>,是从德国埃斯林根机械制造厂以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E8%99%8F%E4%BC%AF" title="克虏伯">克虏伯公司</a>引进的,虽然仅仅只有两台,但对日本柴油机车的发展发挥了重要的作用。之后,<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E7%AB%8B%E8%A3%BD%E4%BD%9C%E6%89%80" title="日立製作所">日立</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%BB%8A%E8%BC%9B%E8%A3%BD%E9%80%A0" title="日本車輛製造">日车</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E5%B4%8E%E9%87%8D%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD" title="川崎重工業">川崎</a>又先后研制<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%8B%E9%90%B5DB10%E5%9E%8B%E6%9F%B4%E6%B2%B9%E6%A9%9F%E8%BB%8A" title="日本國鐵DB10型柴油機車">DB10型</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%8B%E9%90%B5DD10%E5%9E%8B%E6%9F%B4%E6%B2%B9%E6%A9%9F%E8%BB%8A" title="日本國鐵DD10型柴油機車">DD10型</a>。1950年代后,日本几乎不再从外国引进铁路车辆。1927年,<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E4%BA%AC%E5%9C%B0%E9%93%81" class="mw-redirect" title="东京地铁">东京地铁</a>开通运营,使用<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="1000系電力動車組" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="東京地下鉄道1000形電車"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1000%E7%B3%BB%E9%9B%BB%E5%8A%9B%E5%8B%95%E8%BB%8A%E7%B5%84&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1000系電力動車組(页面不存在)">1000系電力動車組</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E9%89%84%E9%81%931000%E5%BD%A2%E9%9B%BB%E8%BB%8A" class="extiw" title="ja:東京地下鉄道1000形電車"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">東京地下鉄道1000形電車</span></a></span>)</span></span>。1949年,<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93%E7%9C%81_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="鐵道省 (日本)">铁道省</a>改组为<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%89%E9%93%81%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="日本国有铁道">日本国有铁道</a>,针对车型繁杂和维护不便等问题,决定减少使用的车型。1958年,日本国铁利用<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="101系電力動車組" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="国鉄101系電車"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=101%E7%B3%BB%E9%9B%BB%E5%8A%9B%E5%8B%95%E8%BB%8A%E7%B5%84&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="101系電力動車組(页面不存在)">101系電力動車組</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%89%84101%E7%B3%BB%E9%9B%BB%E8%BB%8A" class="extiw" title="ja:国鉄101系電車"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">国鉄101系電車</span></a></span>)</span></span>的技术生产了<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%8B%E9%90%B5181%E7%B3%BB%E9%9B%BB%E5%8A%9B%E5%8B%95%E8%BB%8A%E7%B5%84" title="日本國鐵181系電力動車組">151系列車</a>列车。1960年后,在继续发展交流电机车的基础上,日本国铁开始研制高速动车组列车。研制成功的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%B9%E7%B7%9A1000%E5%9E%8B%E9%9B%BB%E5%8A%9B%E5%8B%95%E8%BB%8A%E7%B5%84" class="mw-redirect" title="新幹線1000型電力動車組">1000型电力动车组</a>曾在1963年3月30日创下最高时速256公里/小时的纪录。1964年<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%B9%E7%B7%9A" title="東海道新幹線">东海道新干线</a>开通运营,使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%B9%E7%B7%9A0%E7%B3%BB%E9%9B%BB%E8%81%AF%E8%BB%8A" title="新幹線0系電聯車">新幹線0系電聯車</a>。 </p><p>1971年,<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="交直流電車" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="交直流電車"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%A4%E7%9B%B4%E6%B5%81%E9%9B%BB%E8%BB%8A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="交直流電車(页面不存在)">交直流電車</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E7%9B%B4%E6%B5%81%E9%9B%BB%E8%BB%8A" class="extiw" title="ja:交直流電車"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">交直流電車</span></a></span>)</span></span>开始于日本国铁投入服务。1986年<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%90%B5%E5%88%86%E5%89%B2%E6%B0%91%E7%87%9F%E5%8C%96" title="國鐵分割民營化">国铁分割民营化</a>后,<a href="/wiki/JR%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98" class="mw-redirect" title="JR集團">JR集團</a>开始大规模减少列车数量,JR东日本曾在东北地区推出了全长座<a href="/wiki/JR%E4%B8%9C%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC701%E7%B3%BB%E7%94%B5%E5%8A%9B%E5%8A%A8%E8%BD%A6%E7%BB%84" title="JR东日本701系电力动车组">JR东日本701系电力动车组</a>,并在随后几年内逐渐实现了车队的动车组化。2010年后,日本各家铁路公司新购入车辆逐渐以国产客运动车组以及货运机车和车厢为主。截至2024年7月,JR/私铁・第三部门铁道绝大多数为<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E5%8B%A4%E5%9E%8B%E9%9B%BB%E5%8A%9B%E5%8B%95%E8%BB%8A%E7%B5%84" title="通勤型電力動車組">通勤型電力動車組</a>,以及JR运营<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%80%9F%E5%8A%A8%E8%BD%A6%E7%BB%84%E5%88%97%E8%BD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="高速动车组列车">新干线高速动车组</a>,包括混合动力、纯电动、柴油、<a href="/wiki/%E7%87%83%E6%96%99%E7%94%B5%E6%B1%A0" title="燃料电池">燃料电池</a>以及少量<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E6%B1%BD" title="蒸汽">蒸汽</a>为动力。日本铁路曾引进英国、德国和美国等国的车辆,但已全数退役。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="与其他国家连接"><span id=".E4.B8.8E.E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96.E5.9B.BD.E5.AE.B6.E8.BF.9E.E6.8E.A5"></span>与其他国家连接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24" title="编辑章节:与其他国家连接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>作为一个岛国,日本暂时还没有与周边国家建立跨海铁路联络,但有部分建设的建议。也有存在票务上的共用。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="韩国"><span id=".E9.9F.A9.E5.9B.BD"></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%A9%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="大韩民国"><img alt="大韩民国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8" title="韓國鐵路運輸">韩国</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25" title="编辑章节:韩国"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>韓國與日本並無任何鐵路連接。不過<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93%E5%85%AC%E7%A4%BE" title="韓國鐵道公社">韓國鐵道公社</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%97%85%E5%AE%A2%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93" title="西日本旅客鐵道">西日本旅客鐵道</a>設有聯合鐵路通行證「韓日共同乘車券」(<span lang="ko">한일공동승차권</span>),包括打折扣的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B%E9%AB%98%E9%80%9F%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="韓國高速鐵道">KTX</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%B9%E7%B7%9A" title="新幹線">新幹線</a>車票,以及一張<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%9C%E5%B1%B1%E5%BB%A3%E5%9F%9F%E5%B8%82" title="釜山廣域市">釜山</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E9%97%9C%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="下關市">下關</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%B2%A1%E5%B8%82" title="福岡市">福岡</a>的渡輪票。有計劃提出興建橫跨<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮海峽">朝鮮海峽</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E9%9F%A9%E6%B5%B7%E5%BA%95%E9%9A%A7%E9%81%93" title="日韩海底隧道">日韓海底隧道</a>,但雙方政府和鐵路公司都對此超長隧道並無任何興趣。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="俄罗斯"><span id=".E4.BF.84.E7.BD.97.E6.96.AF"></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯"><img alt="俄罗斯" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF%E8%BF%90%E8%BE%93" title="俄罗斯铁路运输">俄罗斯</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26" title="编辑章节:俄罗斯"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>建议在北海道北部采用变轨距<span class="nowrap">1,435毫米(4英尺<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84583234"><span class="frac">8<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>&#8260;<span class="den">2</span></span>英寸)</span>,也就是标准轨距,和<span class="nowrap">1,520毫米(4英尺<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84583234"><span class="frac">11<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">27</span>&#8260;<span class="den">32</span></span>英寸)</span>的宽轨距(采用25 kV50&#160;Hz交流电)固定连接。(见<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E8%B0%B7%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%BD%E9%80%9A%E9%81%93" title="宗谷海峽通道">宗谷海峡通道</a>) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="中国"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E5.9B.BD"></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" title="中国"><img alt="中国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF%E8%BF%90%E8%BE%93" class="mw-redirect" title="中华人民共和国铁路运输">中国</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=27" title="编辑章节:中国"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>提议从博多到上海,从下关到大连的轮渡。(都带有<span class="nowrap">1,435毫米(4英尺<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84583234"><span class="frac">8<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>&#8260;<span class="den">2</span></span>英寸)</span>) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="各地方鐵道概要"><span id=".E5.90.84.E5.9C.B0.E6.96.B9.E9.90.B5.E9.81.93.E6.A6.82.E8.A6.81"></span>各地方鐵道概要</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=28" title="编辑章节:各地方鐵道概要"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="北海道鐵路運輸" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="北海道の鉄道"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="北海道鐵路運輸(页面不存在)">北海道鐵路運輸</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E3%81%AE%E9%89%84%E9%81%93" class="extiw" title="ja:北海道の鉄道"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">北海道の鉄道</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="四國鐵路運輸" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="四国の鉄道"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%9B%E5%9C%8B%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="四國鐵路運輸(页面不存在)">四國鐵路運輸</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%9B%BD%E3%81%AE%E9%89%84%E9%81%93" class="extiw" title="ja:四国の鉄道"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">四国の鉄道</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="九州鐵路運輸" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="九州の鉄道"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="九州鐵路運輸(页面不存在)">九州鐵路運輸</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E%E3%81%AE%E9%89%84%E9%81%93" class="extiw" title="ja:九州の鉄道"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">九州の鉄道</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%96%E7%B9%A9%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="沖繩鐵道">沖繩鐵道</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="舊日本統治地区相关鐵道"><span id=".E8.88.8A.E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC.E7.B5.B1.E6.B2.BB.E5.9C.B0.E5.8C.BA.E7.9B.B8.E5.85.B3.E9.90.B5.E9.81.93"></span>舊日本統治地区相关鐵道</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=29" title="编辑章节:舊日本統治地区相关鐵道"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E5%93%88%E6%9E%97%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF" title="薩哈林鐵路">樺太鐵道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="大韓民國鐵路運輸">大韓民國鐵路運輸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國鐵路運輸">朝鮮民主主義人民共和國鐵路運輸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8" title="臺灣鐵路運輸">臺灣鐵路運輸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF%E8%BF%90%E8%BE%93" class="mw-redirect" title="中国大陆铁路运输">中国大陆铁路运输</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%BB%BF%E5%B7%9E%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="南滿州鐵道">南滿州鐵道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A" title="華北交通">華北交通</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E4%B8%AD%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93" title="華中鐵道">華中鐵道</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="日本鐵路與日本以外的國家鐵路比較"><span id=".E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC.E9.90.B5.E8.B7.AF.E8.88.87.E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC.E4.BB.A5.E5.A4.96.E7.9A.84.E5.9C.8B.E5.AE.B6.E9.90.B5.E8.B7.AF.E6.AF.94.E8.BC.83"></span>日本鐵路與日本以外的國家鐵路比較</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=30" title="编辑章节:日本鐵路與日本以外的國家鐵路比較"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Secret_Base_(12401658735).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Secret_Base_%2812401658735%29.jpg/220px-Secret_Base_%2812401658735%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Secret_Base_%2812401658735%29.jpg/330px-Secret_Base_%2812401658735%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Secret_Base_%2812401658735%29.jpg/440px-Secret_Base_%2812401658735%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4016" /></a><figcaption>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E7%AB%99" title="東京站">東京站</a>月台下空間等待列車進站的新幹線車內清潔人員</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="准点率高,交通基础设施薄弱"><span id=".E5.87.86.E7.82.B9.E7.8E.87.E9.AB.98.EF.BC.8C.E4.BA.A4.E9.80.9A.E5.9F.BA.E7.A1.80.E8.AE.BE.E6.96.BD.E8.96.84.E5.BC.B1"></span>准点率高,交通基础设施薄弱</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=31" title="编辑章节:准点率高,交通基础设施薄弱"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>据称,与日本以外国家的铁路相比,日本铁路的准点率极高。 </p><p>纪行作家<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宫胁俊三" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="宫胁俊三"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%AB%E8%83%81%E4%BF%8A%E4%B8%89&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="宫胁俊三(页面不存在)">宫胁俊三</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%AB%E8%83%81%E4%BF%8A%E4%B8%89" class="extiw" title="ja:宫胁俊三"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">宫胁俊三</span></a></span>)</span></span>表示,日本铁路的列车数量之多和准点性令世界引以为傲。<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>事实上,当日本以外的铁路人员来到日本登上新干线时,他们让每个人都带着怀表,计时到达车站的时间,当他们看到到达时间正好相差一秒时,他们认为也有人证实确实存在这种情况。<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>此外,在日本以外的许多国家,大约5到15分钟的延误被认为是准点(即使是高铁),但在日本,即使延误大约15到30秒也被认为是延误,日本人关于时间甚至在各种书籍中都有介绍,作为这种感觉的支持来源。另一方面,2005年的福知山线出轨事故,给坚持正点带来了问题。 </p> <dl><dt>是什么支持铁路的准确性</dt> <dd> <ul><li>列车数量多 - 在人口稠密的日本,列车数量往往比其他国家多,但即使是微小的时差也会影响其他列车,因此保持准点变得必要。</li> <li>路线网络的复杂性 - 列车经常在分支站相互连接,有时会分开和合并。同样在这种情况下,如果出现轻微的偏差,就会影响所有线路上的许多列车,从而提高准点率。</li></ul></dd></dl> <p>另一方面,合理化给确保正常工作时间带来了以下障碍。 </p> <dl><dd><ul><li>基础设施薄弱——尽管日本铁路的列车数量和运输量很大,但轨道和车站设备等基础设施却很薄弱。即使在通常适合双线的线路路段,也有很多只安装双线的情况。因此,一趟列车的轻微延误就会影响到所有涉及的线路。近年来,出于“合理化”的目的,支线和<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%85%E9%81%BF%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="待避線">待避線</a>已被拆除,对时间表中断的恢复能力也有所下降。</li> <li>人力能力——过去,许多员工和工作人员努力工作以支持列车的准确运行,即使列车时刻表发生中断,也往往可以通过当地响应来凑合,但近年来,人员由于交通的减少和合理化,以及指挥的统一,详细的行动安排变得困难。此外,随着计算机的引入,在时间表被打乱的情况下也没有灵活性。</li></ul></dd> <dd></dd> <dt>努力确保准时</dt> <dd>没有聪明才智和努力,就不可能保持准时。目前的准点率是包括被称为“驾驶之神”的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="結城弘毅" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="結城弘毅"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B5%90%E5%9F%8E%E5%BC%98%E6%AF%85&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="結城弘毅(页面不存在)">結城弘毅</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E5%9F%8E%E5%BC%98%E6%AF%85" class="extiw" title="ja:結城弘毅"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">結城弘毅</span></a></span>)</span></span>在内的各界人士为维持铁路正点而努力的结果。近年来,一些铁路公司不断重新审视各地的时刻表,延长此前因运输方式竞争而缩短的行车时间,并增加裕度时间,确保即使出现延误也没有问题。<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>注 1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="民間部門較強"><span id=".E6.B0.91.E9.96.93.E9.83.A8.E9.96.80.E8.BC.83.E5.BC.B7"></span>民間部門較強</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=32" title="编辑章节:民間部門較強"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>日本尤其是<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E5%9C%88" class="mw-redirect" title="東京圈">東京圈</a>、大阪圈、名古屋圈、福岡圈的鐵路當中,<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%81%E9%90%B5" title="私鐵">私鐵</a>發揮了很大作用。而分割、民營化後的<a href="/wiki/JR" title="JR">JR</a>之中,<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%97%85%E5%AE%A2%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93" title="東日本旅客鐵道">JR東日本</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%B5%B7%E6%97%85%E5%AE%A2%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93" title="東海旅客鐵道">JR東海</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%97%85%E5%AE%A2%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93" title="西日本旅客鐵道">JR西日本</a>3間公司均達到黑字經營(即有<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%88%E9%A4%98" title="盈餘">盈餘</a>的經營)。其中以JR、私鐵作為鐵路業的中心,展開了不動產、零售、旅館等與鐵路使用者和沿線居民生活息息相關各式各樣的關連事業。 </p><p>在其他国家,现在铁路行业盈利极其困难,据说没有政府的投资,铁路业务就无法生存。因此,其他国家的铁路行业往往是国家或地方公共项目,有<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="公营铁路" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="公営鉄道"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E8%90%A5%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="公营铁路(页面不存在)">公营铁路</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%96%B6%E9%89%84%E9%81%93" class="extiw" title="ja:公営鉄道"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">公営鉄道</span></a></span>)</span></span>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%89%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="国有铁路">国有铁路</a>。在铁路发展初期,许多国家都有私营运营商开发的铁路网络,但进入21世纪,除了日本之外,只有<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>等少数国家由私营运营商在全国范围内建立铁路网络。<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>注 2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>这样一个项目之所以可行,是因为如前所述,与其他国家相比,客运铁路的需求极高。然而,几乎没有可以运营东京、大阪地区等拥挤路线的线路区域的JR三岛公司(<a href="/wiki/JR%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="JR北海道">JR北海道</a>、<a href="/wiki/JR%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="JR九州">JR九州</a>、<a href="/wiki/JR%E5%9B%9B%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="JR四國">JR四国</a>)以及许多<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中小私鉄" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="中小私鉄"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%B0%8F%E7%A7%81%E9%89%84&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="中小私鉄(页面不存在)">中小私鉄</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%B0%8F%E7%A7%81%E9%89%84" class="extiw" title="ja:中小私鉄"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">中小私鉄</span></a></span>)</span></span>运营商并没有提供这种服务。如果没有足够的线路来维持航线网络,相关业务的利润不足以弥补铁路部门的亏损,就会面临管理困难。随着新干线开通而开始的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E4%BE%86%E7%B7%9A#並行在來線" title="在來線">在來線#並行在來線</a>得到了地方政府的支持,但JR北海道线路和JR四国线路均出现亏损,JR九州线路除了<a href="/wiki/%E7%AF%A0%E6%A0%97%E7%B7%9A" title="篠栗線">篠栗線</a>外也出现亏损,将假设自给自足盈利能力的计划应用于这些地区的企业是不合理的。 </p><p>JR九州的铁路业务约占其销售额的40%,利润来自分销和房地产等相关业务。该公司于2017年完全私有化,股东要求其重组亏损的铁路业务,2018年3月,该公司通过修改时刻表,大幅减少了班次,包括主要大都市地区和主要干线的航班。不仅当地航班的便利性恶化,而且大都市地区的高峰时段拥堵预计也会加剧。 </p><p>就区域铁路而言,96%的运营商存在经常账户赤字(2021财年)<sup id="cite_ref-wp_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wp-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="治安、清潔性高"><span id=".E6.B2.BB.E5.AE.89.E3.80.81.E6.B8.85.E6.BD.94.E6.80.A7.E9.AB.98"></span>治安、清潔性高</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=33" title="编辑章节:治安、清潔性高"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>日本是世界上鐵路治安和清潔性最高的國家之一。雖然近來有治安惡化指摘的聲音<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,然而日本即使是地下鐵乘客在車內睡覺而遭到犯罪的可能性也很低,就算是深夜女性也可安心一個人使用鐵路。另外鐵路車輛的塗鴉、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A2%E4%BA%A7%E7%A0%B4%E5%9D%8F" title="财产破坏">破壞公物</a>而荒廢列車的情況可見於多國,但現在的日本很少出現如此的情況<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,尊重一般的鐵路車輛為公共財產,因此能保持清潔的狀態。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="鐵路線路代表色"><span id=".E9.90.B5.E8.B7.AF.E7.B7.9A.E8.B7.AF.E4.BB.A3.E8.A1.A8.E8.89.B2"></span>鐵路線路代表色</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=34" title="编辑章节:鐵路線路代表色"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>列出了目前日本各条铁路线路的代表色。这些代表色被用于车辆喷涂、车站站牌、线路地图等之上,用于标示具体线路,防止乘客误乘。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="JR各公司代表色"><span id="JR.E5.90.84.E5.85.AC.E5.8F.B8.E4.BB.A3.E8.A1.A8.E8.89.B2"></span>JR各公司代表色</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=35" title="编辑章节:JR各公司代表色"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:auto;">公司名称(别称) </th> <th colspan="2">代表色 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E6%97%85%E5%AE%A2%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93" title="北海道旅客鐵道">北海道旅客铁道</a> (JR北海道) </td> <td><b>淡绿色(當初國鐵制定的“萌黄色”)</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%97%85%E5%AE%A2%E9%93%81%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="东日本旅客铁道">东日本旅客铁道</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%97%85%E5%AE%A2%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93" title="東日本旅客鐵道"></a> (JR东日本) </td> <td><b>绿色</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%B5%B7%E6%97%85%E5%AE%A2%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93" title="東海旅客鐵道">东海旅客铁道</a> (JR东海) </td> <td><b>橙色</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%97%85%E5%AE%A2%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93" title="西日本旅客鐵道">西日本旅客铁道</a> (JR西日本) </td> <td><b>蓝色</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%9C%8B%E6%97%85%E5%AE%A2%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93" title="四國旅客鐵道">四国旅客铁道</a> (JR四国) </td> <td><b>淡蓝色</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E%E6%97%85%E5%AE%A2%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93" title="九州旅客鐵道">九州旅客铁道</a> (JR九州) </td> <td><b>红色</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%B2%A8%E7%89%A9%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93" title="日本貨物鐵道">日本货物铁道</a> (JR货物) </td> <td><b>蓝青色的容器(蓝色22号)</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="新干线"><span id=".E6.96.B0.E5.B9.B2.E7.BA.BF"></span>新干线</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=36" title="编辑章节:新干线"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:auto;">线路 </th> <th colspan="2">代表色 </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shinkansen_jrc.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Shinkansen_jrc.svg/20px-Shinkansen_jrc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Shinkansen_jrc.svg/30px-Shinkansen_jrc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Shinkansen_jrc.svg/40px-Shinkansen_jrc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="401" data-file-height="401" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%B9%E7%B7%9A" title="東海道新幹線">东海道新干线</a><br /> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shinkansen_jrw.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Shinkansen_jrw.svg/20px-Shinkansen_jrw.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Shinkansen_jrw.svg/30px-Shinkansen_jrw.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Shinkansen_jrw.svg/40px-Shinkansen_jrw.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="401" data-file-height="401" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E9%99%BD%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%B9%E7%B7%9A" title="山陽新幹線">山陽新干线</a><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shinkansen_jrw.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Shinkansen_jrw.svg/20px-Shinkansen_jrw.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Shinkansen_jrw.svg/30px-Shinkansen_jrw.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Shinkansen_jrw.svg/40px-Shinkansen_jrw.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="401" data-file-height="401" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%99%B8%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%B9%E7%B7%9A" title="北陸新幹線">北陆新干线</a> (<a href="/wiki/JR%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="JR西日本">JR西日本</a>段) </p> </td> <td><b>蓝色</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shinkansen_jrk.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Shinkansen_jrk.svg/21px-Shinkansen_jrk.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Shinkansen_jrk.svg/32px-Shinkansen_jrk.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Shinkansen_jrk.svg/42px-Shinkansen_jrk.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%B9%E7%B7%9A" title="九州新幹線">九州新干线</a> </td> <td><b>红色</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shinkansen_jre.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Shinkansen_jre.svg/20px-Shinkansen_jre.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Shinkansen_jre.svg/30px-Shinkansen_jre.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Shinkansen_jre.svg/40px-Shinkansen_jre.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="489" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%B9%E7%B7%9A" title="東北新幹線">东北新干线</a><br /> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shinkansen_jre.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Shinkansen_jre.svg/20px-Shinkansen_jre.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Shinkansen_jre.svg/30px-Shinkansen_jre.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Shinkansen_jre.svg/40px-Shinkansen_jre.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="489" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E8%B6%8A%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%B9%E7%B7%9A" title="上越新幹線">上越新干线</a><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shinkansen_jre.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Shinkansen_jre.svg/20px-Shinkansen_jre.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Shinkansen_jre.svg/30px-Shinkansen_jre.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Shinkansen_jre.svg/40px-Shinkansen_jre.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="489" /></a></span>北陆新干线(JR东日本段) </p> </td> <td><b>绿色</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E5%BD%A2%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%B9%E7%B7%9A" title="山形新幹線">山形新干线</a> </td> <td><b>橙色</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%8B%E7%94%B0%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%B9%E7%B7%9A" title="秋田新幹線">秋田新干线</a> </td> <td><b>粉红色</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shinkansen_jrh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Shinkansen_jrh.svg/20px-Shinkansen_jrh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Shinkansen_jrh.svg/30px-Shinkansen_jrh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Shinkansen_jrh.svg/40px-Shinkansen_jrh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%B9%E7%B7%9A" title="北海道新幹線">北海道新干线</a> </td> <td><b>淡绿色 </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:auto;">列车名 </th> <th colspan="2">代表色 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E6%9C%9B%E8%99%9F%E5%88%97%E8%BB%8A" title="希望號列車">希望</a> </td> <td><b>黄色</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E8%99%9F%E5%88%97%E8%BB%8A" title="光號列車">光</a> </td> <td><b>红色</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E5%A3%B0%E5%8F%B7%E5%88%97%E8%BD%A6" title="回声号列车">回声</a>/箭 </td> <td><b>蓝色</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E7%A9%97%E8%99%9F%E5%88%97%E8%BB%8A" title="瑞穗號列車">瑞穗</a> </td> <td><b>橙色</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%AB%BB%E8%99%9F%E5%88%97%E8%BB%8A" title="櫻號列車">樱</a> </td> <td><b>粉红色</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%87%95%E8%99%9F%E5%88%97%E8%BB%8A" title="燕號列車">燕</a> </td> <td><b>浅蓝色</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相關條目"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E9.97.9C.E6.A2.9D.E7.9B.AE"></span>相關條目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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href="/wiki/File:JR_Rail_ja.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/JR_Rail_ja.svg/24px-JR_Rail_ja.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/JR_Rail_ja.svg/37px-JR_Rail_ja.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/JR_Rail_ja.svg/49px-JR_Rail_ja.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF" title="Portal:日本鐵路">日本铁路主题</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8" title="鐵路運輸">鐵路運輸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="日本鐵路公司列表">日本鐵路公司列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E7%B7%9A%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="日本鐵路線列表">日本鐵路線列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E8%BB%8A%E7%AB%99%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="日本鐵路車站列表">日本鐵路車站列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%88%97%E8%BB%8A%E6%84%9B%E7%A8%B1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="日本列車愛稱列表">日本列车爱称列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E9%90%B5%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="日本地下鐵系統">日本地下鐵系統</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="日本城市軌道交通系統">日本城市軌道交通系統</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E8%BB%8C%E9%9B%BB%E8%BB%8A" title="有軌電車">路面電車</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%B2%E5%80%BC%E8%BB%8A%E7%A5%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="儲值車票">儲值車票</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E8%BB%8A%E8%BC%9B" title="鐵路車輛">鐵路車輛</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="JR車輛类型列表" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="国鉄・JRの車両形式の一覧"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=JR%E8%BB%8A%E8%BC%9B%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="JR車輛类型列表(页面不存在)">JR車輛类型列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%89%84%E3%83%BBJR%E3%81%AE%E8%BB%8A%E4%B8%A1%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%8F%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%A7" class="extiw" title="ja:国鉄・JRの車両形式の一覧"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">国鉄・JRの車両形式の一覧</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B9%E7%B7%9A" title="幹線">幹線</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E7%B7%9A" title="地方交通線">地方交通線</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%AE%9A%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E7%B7%9A" title="特定地方交通線">特定地方交通線</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A2%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="廢線">廢線</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A" title="日本交通">日本交通</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="註釋"><span id=".E8.A8.BB.E9.87.8B"></span>註釋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=38" title="编辑章节:註釋"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">这方面的一个例子是<a href="/wiki/JR%E7%A6%8F%E7%9F%A5%E5%B1%B1%E7%B7%9A%E8%84%AB%E8%BB%8C%E4%BA%8B%E6%95%85" class="mw-redirect" title="JR福知山線脫軌事故">JR福知山线脱轨事故</a>之后的<a href="/wiki/JR%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="JR西日本">JR西日本</a>。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">组成<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8" title="美國鐵路運輸">美国铁路运输</a>网络的私营运营商基本上专注于货运,而<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E9%93%81" class="mw-redirect" title="美铁">美铁</a>等公共客运运营商则通过租用轨道进行运营。</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=39" title="编辑章节:参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-es-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-es_1-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-es_1-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-es_1-2"><sup><b>1.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation report"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.e-stat.go.jp/statistics/00600350">鉄道輸送統計調査 2022</a> (报告). 国土交通省. 2022-09-12 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2024-07-13</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231209060014/https://www.e-stat.go.jp/statistics/00600350">存档</a>于2023-12-09).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;rft.btitle=%E9%89%84%E9%81%93%E8%BC%B8%E9%80%81%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%BB+2022&amp;rft.date=2022-09-12&amp;rft.genre=report&amp;rft.pub=%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%9F%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E7%9C%81&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-stat.go.jp%2Fstatistics%2F00600350&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wp-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wp_2-0"><sup><b>2.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wp_2-1"><sup><b>2.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wp_2-2"><sup><b>2.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation report"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlit.go.jp/sogoseisaku/transport/sosei_transport_fr_000154.html">交通政策白書 令和5年版</a> (报告). 国土交通省. 2023 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2024-07-13</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240227130156/https://www.mlit.go.jp/sogoseisaku/transport/sosei_transport_fr_000154.html">存档</a>于2024-02-27).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;rft.btitle=%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96%E7%99%BD%E6%9B%B8+%E4%BB%A4%E5%92%8C%EF%BC%95%E5%B9%B4%E7%89%88&amp;rft.date=2023&amp;rft.genre=report&amp;rft.pub=%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%9F%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E7%9C%81&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlit.go.jp%2Fsogoseisaku%2Ftransport%2Fsosei_transport_fr_000154.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation report"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlit.go.jp/tetudo/tetudo_tk2_000057.html">鉄道統計年報 令和2年度</a> (报告). 国土交通省. 2021 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2024-07-13</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240528170057/https://www.mlit.go.jp/tetudo/tetudo_tk2_000057.html">存档</a>于2024-05-28).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;rft.btitle=%E9%89%84%E9%81%93%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E5%B9%B4%E5%A0%B1+%E4%BB%A4%E5%92%8C%EF%BC%92%E5%B9%B4%E5%BA%A6&amp;rft.date=2021&amp;rft.genre=report&amp;rft.pub=%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%9F%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E7%9C%81&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlit.go.jp%2Ftetudo%2Ftetudo_tk2_000057.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="PDFlink"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jttri.or.jp/members/journal/assets/no53-04.pdf">モスクワ地下鉄の高頻度運行管理</a></span><span style="font-size:smaller;">PDF&#160;(p.35 2.4 路線別輸送人員)</span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guinnessworldrecords.jp/world-records/busiest-station">Busiest station</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%BA%AA%E5%BD%95" title="吉尼斯世界纪录">吉尼斯世界纪录</a>. 2022 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;2024-05&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240518124641/https://www.guinnessworldrecords.jp/world-records/busiest-station">存档</a>于2024-05-18).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;rft.btitle=Busiest+station&amp;rft.date=2022&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=%E5%90%89%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%BA%AA%E5%BD%95&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.guinnessworldrecords.jp%2Fworld-records%2Fbusiest-station&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jt-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jt_6-0"><sup><b>6.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jt_6-1"><sup><b>6.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Master Blaster. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170225051826/https://www.japantoday.com/category/travel/view/the-51-busiest-train-stations-in-the-world-all-but-6-located-in-japan/">The 51 busiest train stations in the world– All but 6 located in Japan</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%8A%E6%97%A5%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="今日日本(页面不存在)">今日日本</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#8203;(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Today" class="extiw" title="en:Japan Today">英语</a>)</span>. 2013-02-06 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2015-08-13</span>&#93;</span>. 原始内容存档于2017-02-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8&amp;rft.atitle=The+51+busiest+train+stations+in+the+world%E2%80%93+All+but+6+located+in+Japan&amp;rft.au=Master+Blaster&amp;rft.date=2013-02-06&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=%E4%BB%8A%E6%97%A5%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%3Cspan+class%3D%22noprint%22+style%3D%22font-size%3A85%25%3B+font-style%3A+normal%3B+%22%3E%26%238203%3B%EF%BC%88%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD1%EF%BC%89%3C%2Fspan%3E&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantoday.com%2Fcategory%2Ftravel%2Fview%2Fthe-51-busiest-train-stations-in-the-world-all-but-6-located-in-japan&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gare-ensemble.fr/IMG/pdf/ANNEXES.pdf">存档副本</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2024-07-13</span>&#93;</span>. 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