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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Health Law</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">23,683 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Health Law</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Health_Law">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37292170" data-work_id="37292170" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37292170/Biotechnologies_and_Human_Dignity">Biotechnologies and Human Dignity</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Modern biotechnologies are among the reasons explaining the new focus on the idea of human dignity in public, political and scientific discourses. Topics being debated range from assisted reproduction, cloning, genetic diagnostics and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37292170" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Modern biotechnologies are among the reasons explaining the new focus on the idea of human dignity in public, political and scientific discourses. Topics being debated range from assisted reproduction, cloning, genetic diagnostics and genetic intervention, neuroprosthetics, cyborgs or artificial life all the way to visions of 'transhumanism' or 'posthumanity'. With their potential for bringing about radical transformations, advanced biotechnologies are forcing the notion and boundaries of what is human to be revisited. The biological foundations of humankind are more and more accessible , can be modified in a targeted way, and thus become the object of decisions. Naturalistic self-descriptions are being questioned and replaced by forms of description which are explicitly culturally constructed. We have to rethink the very question of what it means to be human and how we are to construct human boundaries or the difference between human beings and their environment. This creates a new background for the nor-mative concepts of human rights, rights of the individual and human dignity. Through reference to the dignity of a human being and to the idea of dignity, the concept of human dignity implies notions attached to what constitutes being human. This fundamental meaning is supported by the multifarious traditions of human dignity, by its function as a key concept in interdisciplinary debates and not least by its prominent status in legal texts and discourses. Views of the role of human dignity, though, could not be more divergent. The conviction that dignity is an essential norma-tive concept is juxtaposed with criticism that it is useless, nebulous, incoherent or even reactionary.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37292170" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="22db9483485cdc5b2a826c4c17dfc826" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57247453,"asset_id":37292170,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57247453/download_file?st=MTczMjM5MzQ2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="89403567" href="https://uni-hamburg.academia.edu/MarionAlbers">Marion Albers</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="89403567" type="text/json">{"id":89403567,"first_name":"Marion","last_name":"Albers","domain_name":"uni-hamburg","page_name":"MarionAlbers","display_name":"Marion Albers","profile_url":"https://uni-hamburg.academia.edu/MarionAlbers?f_ri=12834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37292170 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37292170"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37292170, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37292170", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_37292170 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37292170; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_37292170"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_37292170 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37292170"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37292170; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37292170]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37292170").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37292170").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37292170"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1759" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_Studies">Internet Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1759" type="text/json">{"id":1759,"name":"Internet Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_Studies?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3660" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Governance">Global Governance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3660" type="text/json">{"id":3660,"name":"Global Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Governance?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5523" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Security_Studies">Security Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5523" type="text/json">{"id":5523,"name":"Security Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Security_Studies?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12834" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law">Health Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12834" type="text/json">{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37292170]'), work: {"id":37292170,"title":"Biotechnologies and Human Dignity","created_at":"2018-08-26T00:53:55.165-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37292170/Biotechnologies_and_Human_Dignity?f_ri=12834","dom_id":"work_37292170","summary":"Modern biotechnologies are among the reasons explaining the new focus on the idea of human dignity in public, political and scientific discourses. Topics being debated range from assisted reproduction, cloning, genetic diagnostics and genetic intervention, neuroprosthetics, cyborgs or artificial life all the way to visions of 'transhumanism' or 'posthumanity'. With their potential for bringing about radical transformations, advanced biotechnologies are forcing the notion and boundaries of what is human to be revisited. The biological foundations of humankind are more and more accessible , can be modified in a targeted way, and thus become the object of decisions. Naturalistic self-descriptions are being questioned and replaced by forms of description which are explicitly culturally constructed. We have to rethink the very question of what it means to be human and how we are to construct human boundaries or the difference between human beings and their environment. This creates a new background for the nor-mative concepts of human rights, rights of the individual and human dignity. Through reference to the dignity of a human being and to the idea of dignity, the concept of human dignity implies notions attached to what constitutes being human. This fundamental meaning is supported by the multifarious traditions of human dignity, by its function as a key concept in interdisciplinary debates and not least by its prominent status in legal texts and discourses. Views of the role of human dignity, though, could not be more divergent. The conviction that dignity is an essential norma-tive concept is juxtaposed with criticism that it is useless, nebulous, incoherent or even reactionary.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57247453,"asset_id":37292170,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":89403567,"first_name":"Marion","last_name":"Albers","domain_name":"uni-hamburg","page_name":"MarionAlbers","display_name":"Marion Albers","profile_url":"https://uni-hamburg.academia.edu/MarionAlbers?f_ri=12834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1759,"name":"Internet Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_Studies?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":3660,"name":"Global Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Governance?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":5523,"name":"Security Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Security_Studies?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":92007,"name":"Privacy and data protection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Privacy_and_data_protection?f_ri=12834"},{"id":1795258,"name":"International biolaw","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_biolaw?f_ri=12834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_80128384" data-work_id="80128384" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80128384/Da_investiga%C3%A7%C3%A3o_cient%C3%ADfica_na_prote%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_dados_relativos_%C3%A0_sa%C3%BAde">Da investigação científica na proteção de dados relativos à saúde</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Apresentação destinada à I Conferência Internacional de Bioética "Proteção de Dados". Organizada pelo Centro de Estudos de Bioética - Pólo Madeira, Funchal. Dia 28 de maio de 2022.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/80128384" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d478eea50769bef2e5612916f6d68b07" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":87247200,"asset_id":80128384,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87247200/download_file?st=MTczMjM5MzQ2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36463" href="https://ipbeja.academia.edu/ManuelDavidMasseno">Manuel David Masseno</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36463" type="text/json">{"id":36463,"first_name":"Manuel","last_name":"David Masseno","domain_name":"ipbeja","page_name":"ManuelDavidMasseno","display_name":"Manuel David Masseno","profile_url":"https://ipbeja.academia.edu/ManuelDavidMasseno?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/36463/12094/141511082/s65_manuel.david_masseno.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_80128384 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="80128384"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 80128384, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_80128384", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_80128384 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80128384; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_80128384"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_80128384 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="80128384"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80128384; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=80128384]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_80128384").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_80128384").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="80128384"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11730" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/IT_law">IT law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11730" type="text/json">{"id":11730,"name":"IT law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/IT_law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12834" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law">Health Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12834" type="text/json">{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14095" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PERSONAL_DATA_PROTECTION">PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14095" type="text/json">{"id":14095,"name":"PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PERSONAL_DATA_PROTECTION?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15167" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union_Law">European Union Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15167" type="text/json">{"id":15167,"name":"European Union Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=80128384]'), work: {"id":80128384,"title":"Da investigação científica na proteção de dados relativos à saúde","created_at":"2022-05-28T10:21:47.934-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/80128384/Da_investiga%C3%A7%C3%A3o_cient%C3%ADfica_na_prote%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_dados_relativos_%C3%A0_sa%C3%BAde?f_ri=12834","dom_id":"work_80128384","summary":"Apresentação destinada à I Conferência Internacional de Bioética \"Proteção de Dados\". Organizada pelo Centro de Estudos de Bioética - Pólo Madeira, Funchal. Dia 28 de maio de 2022. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":87247200,"asset_id":80128384,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36463,"first_name":"Manuel","last_name":"David Masseno","domain_name":"ipbeja","page_name":"ManuelDavidMasseno","display_name":"Manuel David Masseno","profile_url":"https://ipbeja.academia.edu/ManuelDavidMasseno?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/36463/12094/141511082/s65_manuel.david_masseno.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11730,"name":"IT law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/IT_law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":14095,"name":"PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PERSONAL_DATA_PROTECTION?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":15167,"name":"European Union Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":90821,"name":"Data Protection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Protection?f_ri=12834"},{"id":92007,"name":"Privacy and data protection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Privacy_and_data_protection?f_ri=12834"},{"id":114267,"name":"Direito Digital","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Direito_Digital?f_ri=12834"},{"id":249455,"name":"Health Data Privacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Data_Privacy?f_ri=12834"},{"id":359215,"name":"EU law and politics on data protection and privacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/EU_law_and_politics_on_data_protection_and_privacy?f_ri=12834"},{"id":2685274,"name":"privacidade e proteção de dados","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/privacidade_e_prote%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_dados?f_ri=12834"},{"id":2952381,"name":"General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/General_Data_Protection_Regulation_GDPR_?f_ri=12834"},{"id":2952382,"name":"Regulamento (UE) 2016/679 Regulamento Geral sobre a Proteção de Dados (RGPD)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulamento_UE_2016_679_Regulamento_Geral_sobre_a_Prote%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Dados_RGPD_?f_ri=12834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_359922" data-work_id="359922" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/359922/A_minors_right_to_refuse">A minor's right to refuse</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">This opinion piece considers the minor's right to refuse life-saving medical treatment in the context of the UK teenager (Hannah Jones) who wished to refuse to undergo a heart transplant.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/359922" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f65baa460b14f01ca5b9e8bc6d4eb33f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":4411693,"asset_id":359922,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/4411693/download_file?st=MTczMjM5MzQ2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="275715" href="https://qut.academia.edu/MalcolmKeithSmith">Malcolm K Smith</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="275715" type="text/json">{"id":275715,"first_name":"Malcolm","last_name":"Smith","domain_name":"qut","page_name":"MalcolmKeithSmith","display_name":"Malcolm K Smith","profile_url":"https://qut.academia.edu/MalcolmKeithSmith?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/275715/56978/18721608/s65_malcolm.smith.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_359922 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="359922"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 359922, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_359922", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_359922 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 359922; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_359922"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_359922 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="359922"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 359922; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=359922]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_359922").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_359922").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="359922"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1414" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioethics">Bioethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1414" type="text/json">{"id":1414,"name":"Bioethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioethics?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1652" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Law">Medical Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1652" type="text/json">{"id":1652,"name":"Medical Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12834" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law">Health Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12834" type="text/json">{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21639" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Childrens_Rights">Children's Rights</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="21639" type="text/json">{"id":21639,"name":"Children's Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Childrens_Rights?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=359922]'), work: {"id":359922,"title":"A minor's right to refuse","created_at":"2010-11-02T20:49:24.768-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/359922/A_minors_right_to_refuse?f_ri=12834","dom_id":"work_359922","summary":"This opinion piece considers the minor's right to refuse life-saving medical treatment in the context of the UK teenager (Hannah Jones) who wished to refuse to undergo a heart transplant.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":4411693,"asset_id":359922,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":275715,"first_name":"Malcolm","last_name":"Smith","domain_name":"qut","page_name":"MalcolmKeithSmith","display_name":"Malcolm K Smith","profile_url":"https://qut.academia.edu/MalcolmKeithSmith?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/275715/56978/18721608/s65_malcolm.smith.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1414,"name":"Bioethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioethics?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":1652,"name":"Medical Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":21639,"name":"Children's Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Childrens_Rights?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":76336,"name":"Medical Ethics \u0026 Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Ethics_and_Law?f_ri=12834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_68730255" data-work_id="68730255" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68730255/Relational_Theory_and_Health_Law_and_Policy">Relational Theory and Health Law and Policy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Relational theory starts from an understanding of human selves as relational. This theory informs some significant current developments in the areas of philosophy, ethics and legal theory that re-envision key concepts including autonomy,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_68730255" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Relational theory starts from an understanding of human selves as relational. This theory informs some significant current developments in the areas of philosophy, ethics and legal theory that re-envision key concepts including autonomy, equality, rights, justice, memory, trust, judgment and identity. In this paper we introduce relational theory and begin to explore some of its implications for health law and policy. In doing so, we hope to show the relevance of each field to the other and to persuade those interested in health law and policy to take up the challenge to pursue the transformative potential of relational theory through their work.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68730255" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b3c618bc1482c677c3f0606c8e741189" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79104814,"asset_id":68730255,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79104814/download_file?st=MTczMjM5MzQ2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="52373949" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LlewellynJennifer">Jennifer Llewellyn</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="52373949" type="text/json">{"id":52373949,"first_name":"Jennifer","last_name":"Llewellyn","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LlewellynJennifer","display_name":"Jennifer Llewellyn","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LlewellynJennifer?f_ri=12834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_68730255 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="68730255"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68730255, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_68730255", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_68730255 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68730255; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_68730255"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_68730255 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="68730255"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68730255; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=68730255]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_68730255").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_68730255").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="68730255"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4486" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science">Political Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4486" type="text/json">{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12834" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law">Health Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12834" type="text/json">{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1826855" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Relational_Theory">Relational Theory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1826855" type="text/json">{"id":1826855,"name":"Relational Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Relational_Theory?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=68730255]'), work: {"id":68730255,"title":"Relational Theory and Health Law and Policy","created_at":"2022-01-19T16:48:38.490-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/68730255/Relational_Theory_and_Health_Law_and_Policy?f_ri=12834","dom_id":"work_68730255","summary":"Relational theory starts from an understanding of human selves as relational. This theory informs some significant current developments in the areas of philosophy, ethics and legal theory that re-envision key concepts including autonomy, equality, rights, justice, memory, trust, judgment and identity. In this paper we introduce relational theory and begin to explore some of its implications for health law and policy. In doing so, we hope to show the relevance of each field to the other and to persuade those interested in health law and policy to take up the challenge to pursue the transformative potential of relational theory through their work.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79104814,"asset_id":68730255,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":52373949,"first_name":"Jennifer","last_name":"Llewellyn","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LlewellynJennifer","display_name":"Jennifer Llewellyn","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LlewellynJennifer?f_ri=12834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":1826855,"name":"Relational Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Relational_Theory?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_76377973" data-work_id="76377973" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/76377973/Nurses_knowledge_of_law_at_the_end_of_life_and_implications_for_practice_A_qualitative_study">Nurses’ knowledge of law at the end of life and implications for practice: A qualitative study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Some patients do not receive adequate pain and symptom relief at the end of life, causing distress to patients, families and healthcare professionals. It is unclear whether undertreatment of symptoms occurs, in part, because... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_76377973" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Some patients do not receive adequate pain and symptom relief at the end of life, causing distress to patients, families and healthcare professionals. It is unclear whether undertreatment of symptoms occurs, in part, because of nurses’ concerns about legal and/or disciplinary repercussions if the patient dies after medication is administered. Aim: The aim was to explore nurses’ experiences and knowledge of the law relating to the provision of end-of-life pain and symptom relief. Design: Semi-structured interviews with nurses were assessed using a six-stage hybrid thematic analysis technique. Setting/participants: Four face-to-face and 21 telephone interviews were conducted with nurses who routinely prescribed and/or administered pain and symptom relief to patients approaching the end of their lives in Queensland and New South Wales, Australia. Results: While many nurses had no personal experiences with legal or professional repercussions after a patient had died, the fea...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/76377973" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="59a8852b513987a6e32f4a5d7a9d6cb4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":84105204,"asset_id":76377973,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84105204/download_file?st=MTczMjM5MzQ2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33011220" href="https://qut.academia.edu/BenWhite">Ben White</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33011220" type="text/json">{"id":33011220,"first_name":"Ben","last_name":"White","domain_name":"qut","page_name":"BenWhite","display_name":"Ben White","profile_url":"https://qut.academia.edu/BenWhite?f_ri=12834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_76377973 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="76377973"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 76377973, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_76377973", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_76377973 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76377973; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_76377973"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_76377973 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76377973"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76377973; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76377973]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_76377973").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_76377973").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="76377973"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4482" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palliative_Care">Palliative Care</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4482" type="text/json">{"id":4482,"name":"Palliative Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palliative_Care?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6533" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hospice_and_Palliative_Care_Nursing">Hospice & Palliative Care Nursing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6533" type="text/json">{"id":6533,"name":"Hospice \u0026 Palliative Care Nursing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hospice_and_Palliative_Care_Nursing?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12834" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law">Health Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12834" type="text/json">{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=76377973]'), work: {"id":76377973,"title":"Nurses’ knowledge of law at the end of life and implications for practice: A qualitative study","created_at":"2022-04-13T20:51:50.794-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/76377973/Nurses_knowledge_of_law_at_the_end_of_life_and_implications_for_practice_A_qualitative_study?f_ri=12834","dom_id":"work_76377973","summary":"Background: Some patients do not receive adequate pain and symptom relief at the end of life, causing distress to patients, families and healthcare professionals. It is unclear whether undertreatment of symptoms occurs, in part, because of nurses’ concerns about legal and/or disciplinary repercussions if the patient dies after medication is administered. Aim: The aim was to explore nurses’ experiences and knowledge of the law relating to the provision of end-of-life pain and symptom relief. Design: Semi-structured interviews with nurses were assessed using a six-stage hybrid thematic analysis technique. Setting/participants: Four face-to-face and 21 telephone interviews were conducted with nurses who routinely prescribed and/or administered pain and symptom relief to patients approaching the end of their lives in Queensland and New South Wales, Australia. Results: While many nurses had no personal experiences with legal or professional repercussions after a patient had died, the fea...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":84105204,"asset_id":76377973,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33011220,"first_name":"Ben","last_name":"White","domain_name":"qut","page_name":"BenWhite","display_name":"Ben White","profile_url":"https://qut.academia.edu/BenWhite?f_ri=12834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4482,"name":"Palliative Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palliative_Care?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":6533,"name":"Hospice \u0026 Palliative Care Nursing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hospice_and_Palliative_Care_Nursing?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":28023,"name":"Palliative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palliative_Medicine?f_ri=12834"},{"id":57294,"name":"Nursing Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing_Research?f_ri=12834"},{"id":65664,"name":"End-of-life decisions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/End-of-life_decisions?f_ri=12834"},{"id":70497,"name":"End of life care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/End_of_life_care?f_ri=12834"},{"id":132667,"name":"Healthcare Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Healthcare_Law?f_ri=12834"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=12834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39806659" data-work_id="39806659" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39806659/Konstytucyjne_gwarancje_ochrony_prywatno%C5%9Bci_informacyjnej_wobec_rozwoju_nowych_technologii">Konstytucyjne gwarancje ochrony prywatności informacyjnej wobec rozwoju nowych technologii</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Constitutional Guarantees of Information Privacy Protection in Light of New Technologies Development The development of new information technologies has contributed to a significant change in the methods of collection, processing and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39806659" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Constitutional Guarantees of Information Privacy Protection in Light of New Technologies Development The development of new information technologies has contributed to a significant change in the methods of collection, processing and transfer of various kinds of personal data. Mass aggregation of the data and invention of cloud computing affected the flow of personal data. These developments create challenges for the privacy protection. The article contains an analysis of the constitutional standard of privacy protection, particularly with regard to the processing of personal information. Part of the article is devoted to the analysis of the permissible limitations to the right to privacy and legislative process in which those limitations are developed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39806659" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fa1faf6f716cfca601610d984bc671c6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59991664,"asset_id":39806659,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59991664/download_file?st=MTczMjM5MzQ2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="119400490" href="https://pan-pl.academia.edu/Katarzyna%C5%81akomiec">Katarzyna Łakomiec</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="119400490" type="text/json">{"id":119400490,"first_name":"Katarzyna","last_name":"Łakomiec","domain_name":"pan-pl","page_name":"KatarzynaŁakomiec","display_name":"Katarzyna Łakomiec","profile_url":"https://pan-pl.academia.edu/Katarzyna%C5%81akomiec?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/119400490/29487145/133684027/s65_katarzyna._akomiec.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39806659 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39806659"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39806659, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39806659", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_39806659 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39806659; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_39806659"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_39806659 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="39806659"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39806659; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39806659]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39806659").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39806659").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39806659"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="547" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law">Constitutional Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="547" type="text/json">{"id":547,"name":"Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2783" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Privacy">Privacy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2783" type="text/json">{"id":2783,"name":"Privacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Privacy?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12834" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law">Health Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12834" type="text/json">{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="90821" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Protection">Data Protection</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="90821" type="text/json">{"id":90821,"name":"Data Protection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Protection?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39806659]'), work: {"id":39806659,"title":"Konstytucyjne gwarancje ochrony prywatności informacyjnej wobec rozwoju nowych technologii","created_at":"2019-07-12T05:25:34.778-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39806659/Konstytucyjne_gwarancje_ochrony_prywatno%C5%9Bci_informacyjnej_wobec_rozwoju_nowych_technologii?f_ri=12834","dom_id":"work_39806659","summary":"Constitutional Guarantees of Information Privacy Protection in Light of New Technologies Development The development of new information technologies has contributed to a significant change in the methods of collection, processing and transfer of various kinds of personal data. Mass aggregation of the data and invention of cloud computing affected the flow of personal data. These developments create challenges for the privacy protection. The article contains an analysis of the constitutional standard of privacy protection, particularly with regard to the processing of personal information. Part of the article is devoted to the analysis of the permissible limitations to the right to privacy and legislative process in which those limitations are developed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59991664,"asset_id":39806659,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":119400490,"first_name":"Katarzyna","last_name":"Łakomiec","domain_name":"pan-pl","page_name":"KatarzynaŁakomiec","display_name":"Katarzyna Łakomiec","profile_url":"https://pan-pl.academia.edu/Katarzyna%C5%81akomiec?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/119400490/29487145/133684027/s65_katarzyna._akomiec.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":547,"name":"Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":2783,"name":"Privacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Privacy?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":90821,"name":"Data Protection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Protection?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":92007,"name":"Privacy and data protection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Privacy_and_data_protection?f_ri=12834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26346436 coauthored" data-work_id="26346436" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26346436/Frozen_in_perpetuity_abandoned_embryos_in_Canada">Frozen in perpetuity: 'abandoned embryos' in Canada</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The matter of 'abandoned embryos' arises when surplus IVF embryos are frozen and stored for later use. If the fertility clinic or storage facility in question does not have clear direction about what to do with these embryos, and/or... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26346436" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The matter of 'abandoned embryos' arises when surplus IVF embryos are frozen and stored for later use. If the fertility clinic or storage facility in question does not have clear direction about what to do with these embryos, and/or payment for storage ceases, and/or the embryo providers cannot be reached, the embryos raise an ethical and practical challenge. On the one hand, there is a commitment to respect the autonomy of embryo providers to determine what should happen to their frozen embryos. On the other hand, there are weighty reasons why fertility clinics and storage facilities do not want responsibility, potentially in perpetuity, for other people's frozen embryos. This article examines the matter of 'abandoned embryos' – the emergence of the term, its use in policy and law, and its implications in the Canadian case. We demonstrate that despite an intricate legislative framework, there are important gaps that leave fertility clinics and storage facilities in the tenuous position of discarding 'abandoned embryos' without clear authorization, or storing them indefinitely. We argue that clarity in consent procedures coupled with flexible time limits on embryo storage provide an approach that can best serve the interests of all involved.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26346436" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="074b56f7cea5e3f71a1be11e3a32ac2a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46654469,"asset_id":26346436,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46654469/download_file?st=MTczMjM5MzQ2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="512530" href="https://uwaterloo.academia.edu/AlanaCattapan">Alana Cattapan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="512530" type="text/json">{"id":512530,"first_name":"Alana","last_name":"Cattapan","domain_name":"uwaterloo","page_name":"AlanaCattapan","display_name":"Alana Cattapan","profile_url":"https://uwaterloo.academia.edu/AlanaCattapan?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/512530/850804/17396101/s65_alana.cattapan.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-26346436">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-26346436"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://dal.academia.edu/francoiseBaylis">Françoise Baylis</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-26346436'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-26346436').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26346436 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26346436"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26346436, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26346436", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_26346436 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26346436; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_26346436"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_26346436 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26346436"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26346436; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26346436]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26346436").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26346436").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26346436"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1414" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioethics">Bioethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1414" type="text/json">{"id":1414,"name":"Bioethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioethics?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4258" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Embryology">Embryology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4258" type="text/json">{"id":4258,"name":"Embryology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Embryology?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11067" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproductive_Ethics">Reproductive Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11067" type="text/json">{"id":11067,"name":"Reproductive Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproductive_Ethics?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12834" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law">Health Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12834" type="text/json">{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26346436]'), work: {"id":26346436,"title":"Frozen in perpetuity: 'abandoned embryos' in Canada","created_at":"2016-06-20T12:48:37.579-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26346436/Frozen_in_perpetuity_abandoned_embryos_in_Canada?f_ri=12834","dom_id":"work_26346436","summary":"The matter of 'abandoned embryos' arises when surplus IVF embryos are frozen and stored for later use. If the fertility clinic or storage facility in question does not have clear direction about what to do with these embryos, and/or payment for storage ceases, and/or the embryo providers cannot be reached, the embryos raise an ethical and practical challenge. On the one hand, there is a commitment to respect the autonomy of embryo providers to determine what should happen to their frozen embryos. On the other hand, there are weighty reasons why fertility clinics and storage facilities do not want responsibility, potentially in perpetuity, for other people's frozen embryos. This article examines the matter of 'abandoned embryos' – the emergence of the term, its use in policy and law, and its implications in the Canadian case. We demonstrate that despite an intricate legislative framework, there are important gaps that leave fertility clinics and storage facilities in the tenuous position of discarding 'abandoned embryos' without clear authorization, or storing them indefinitely. We argue that clarity in consent procedures coupled with flexible time limits on embryo storage provide an approach that can best serve the interests of all involved.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46654469,"asset_id":26346436,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":512530,"first_name":"Alana","last_name":"Cattapan","domain_name":"uwaterloo","page_name":"AlanaCattapan","display_name":"Alana Cattapan","profile_url":"https://uwaterloo.academia.edu/AlanaCattapan?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/512530/850804/17396101/s65_alana.cattapan.jpg"},{"id":7980547,"first_name":"Françoise","last_name":"Baylis","domain_name":"dal","page_name":"francoiseBaylis","display_name":"Françoise Baylis","profile_url":"https://dal.academia.edu/francoiseBaylis?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7980547/13934580/14991675/s65_fran_oise.baylis.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1414,"name":"Bioethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioethics?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":4258,"name":"Embryology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Embryology?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":11067,"name":"Reproductive Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproductive_Ethics?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":17969,"name":"Health Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Policy?f_ri=12834"},{"id":20126,"name":"Bioethics Reproductive Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioethics_Reproductive_Technology?f_ri=12834"},{"id":54019,"name":"Cryopreservation of gametes and embryos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cryopreservation_of_gametes_and_embryos?f_ri=12834"},{"id":81288,"name":"Assisted Reproductive Technologies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assisted_Reproductive_Technologies?f_ri=12834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_77409033" data-work_id="77409033" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77409033/Robotic_Surgery_Transforming_Patient_Care_in_the_21st_Century">Robotic Surgery: Transforming Patient Care in the 21st Century?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Inspired by a notion that machines can emulate human touch, the paper first examines the adoption of surgical robots in operating rooms at the global and local levels. The adoption of the technology has occurred almost concurrently in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_77409033" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Inspired by a notion that machines can emulate human touch, the paper first examines the adoption of surgical robots in operating rooms at the global and local levels. The adoption of the technology has occurred almost concurrently in many countries without much time lag, and this near-simultaneous acceptance of the technology invites us to rethink technological supremacy in relation to patient care in the field of surgery. With focus on the da Vinci surgical system, this paper presents social and ethical implications of how (not) to regulate robotic surgery with potential and invisible risks with respect to patient care. Based on documentary analysis of news media in combination with literature review of medical journals, Korean news media, and Korean technology assessment reports on surgical robots, the paper explores how prevalently the idea of social progress is embedded in the promotion of advanced technology at the societal and governmental levels. I contend that the ideology ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/77409033" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9d6c7814e34379b401b4d2bcb62e940d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":84767027,"asset_id":77409033,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84767027/download_file?st=MTczMjM5MzQ2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37413318" href="https://postech.academia.edu/EunjeongMa">Eunjeong Ma</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37413318" type="text/json">{"id":37413318,"first_name":"Eunjeong","last_name":"Ma","domain_name":"postech","page_name":"EunjeongMa","display_name":"Eunjeong Ma","profile_url":"https://postech.academia.edu/EunjeongMa?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/37413318/10762175/26244825/s65_eunjeong.ma.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_77409033 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="77409033"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 77409033, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_77409033", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_77409033 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 77409033; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_77409033"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_77409033 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="77409033"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 77409033; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=77409033]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_77409033").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_77409033").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="77409033"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4179" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Korea">South Korea</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4179" type="text/json">{"id":4179,"name":"South Korea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Korea?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4486" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science">Political Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4486" type="text/json">{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6810" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health_Policy">Public Health Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6810" type="text/json">{"id":6810,"name":"Public Health Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health_Policy?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12834" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law">Health Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12834" type="text/json">{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=77409033]'), work: {"id":77409033,"title":"Robotic Surgery: Transforming Patient Care in the 21st Century?","created_at":"2022-04-23T20:02:13.531-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/77409033/Robotic_Surgery_Transforming_Patient_Care_in_the_21st_Century?f_ri=12834","dom_id":"work_77409033","summary":"Inspired by a notion that machines can emulate human touch, the paper first examines the adoption of surgical robots in operating rooms at the global and local levels. The adoption of the technology has occurred almost concurrently in many countries without much time lag, and this near-simultaneous acceptance of the technology invites us to rethink technological supremacy in relation to patient care in the field of surgery. With focus on the da Vinci surgical system, this paper presents social and ethical implications of how (not) to regulate robotic surgery with potential and invisible risks with respect to patient care. Based on documentary analysis of news media in combination with literature review of medical journals, Korean news media, and Korean technology assessment reports on surgical robots, the paper explores how prevalently the idea of social progress is embedded in the promotion of advanced technology at the societal and governmental levels. I contend that the ideology ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":84767027,"asset_id":77409033,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37413318,"first_name":"Eunjeong","last_name":"Ma","domain_name":"postech","page_name":"EunjeongMa","display_name":"Eunjeong Ma","profile_url":"https://postech.academia.edu/EunjeongMa?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/37413318/10762175/26244825/s65_eunjeong.ma.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4179,"name":"South Korea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Korea?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":6810,"name":"Public Health Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health_Policy?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":24865,"name":"Robotic Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Robotic_Surgery?f_ri=12834"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=12834"},{"id":37840,"name":"da Vinci Robotic Surgical System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/da_Vinci_Robotic_Surgical_System?f_ri=12834"},{"id":44293,"name":"Literature Review","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature_Review?f_ri=12834"},{"id":73396,"name":"Medical Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Technology?f_ri=12834"},{"id":76336,"name":"Medical Ethics \u0026 Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Ethics_and_Law?f_ri=12834"},{"id":87472,"name":"Medicine and Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine_and_Surgery?f_ri=12834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23561823" data-work_id="23561823" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23561823/Minimal_risk_in_the_Tri_Council_Policy_Statement">Minimal risk in the Tri-Council Policy Statement</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23561823" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="32be3de3ea34a3a0696a1eec3c0e0eeb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43987784,"asset_id":23561823,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43987784/download_file?st=MTczMjM5MzQ2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5472795" href="https://dal.academia.edu/LynetteReid">Lynette Reid</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5472795" type="text/json">{"id":5472795,"first_name":"Lynette","last_name":"Reid","domain_name":"dal","page_name":"LynetteReid","display_name":"Lynette Reid","profile_url":"https://dal.academia.edu/LynetteReid?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5472795/2402448/58126553/s65_lynette.reid.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23561823 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23561823"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23561823, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23561823", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_23561823 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x 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}); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_23561823").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="23561823"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="534" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law">Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="534" type="text/json">{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1681" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Making">Decision Making</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1681" type="text/json">{"id":1681,"name":"Decision Making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Making?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12061" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Management">Risk Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12061" type="text/json">{"id":12061,"name":"Risk Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Management?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12834" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law">Health Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12834" type="text/json">{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=23561823]'), work: {"id":23561823,"title":"Minimal risk in the Tri-Council Policy Statement","created_at":"2016-03-22T05:28:53.116-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/23561823/Minimal_risk_in_the_Tri_Council_Policy_Statement?f_ri=12834","dom_id":"work_23561823","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43987784,"asset_id":23561823,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5472795,"first_name":"Lynette","last_name":"Reid","domain_name":"dal","page_name":"LynetteReid","display_name":"Lynette Reid","profile_url":"https://dal.academia.edu/LynetteReid?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5472795/2402448/58126553/s65_lynette.reid.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":1681,"name":"Decision Making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Making?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":12061,"name":"Risk Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Management?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":54114,"name":"Canada","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Canada?f_ri=12834"},{"id":54279,"name":"Policy making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy_making?f_ri=12834"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=12834"},{"id":83306,"name":"Consensus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consensus?f_ri=12834"},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=12834"},{"id":131567,"name":"Newspaper","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newspaper?f_ri=12834"},{"id":569638,"name":"Full Text Vol 5","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Full_Text_Vol_5?f_ri=12834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41606795" data-work_id="41606795" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41606795/A_Book_Review_of_Ethical_and_Legal_Issues_in_Healthcare_by_David_Lemberg_1st_Edition_">A Book Review of Ethical and Legal Issues in Healthcare by David Lemberg (1st Edition)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">A Review of David Lemberg’s Ethical and Legal Issues in Healthcare<br />(1st Edition)</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41606795" 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class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="223806" href="https://ucsc.academia.edu/LindaMacDonaldGlenn">Linda MacDonald Glenn</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="223806" type="text/json">{"id":223806,"first_name":"Linda MacDonald","last_name":"Glenn","domain_name":"ucsc","page_name":"LindaMacDonaldGlenn","display_name":"Linda MacDonald Glenn","profile_url":"https://ucsc.academia.edu/LindaMacDonaldGlenn?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/223806/499491/56657637/s65_linda_macdonald.glenn.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41606795 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41606795"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41606795, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41606795", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_41606795 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41606795; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_41606795"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_41606795 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41606795"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41606795; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41606795]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41606795").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41606795").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41606795"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12834" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law">Health Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12834" type="text/json">{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="100552" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Law_and_Ethics">Medical Law and Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="100552" type="text/json">{"id":100552,"name":"Medical Law and Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Law_and_Ethics?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="255434" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_care_law_and_ethics">Health care law and ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="255434" type="text/json">{"id":255434,"name":"Health care law and ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_care_law_and_ethics?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="463471" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Healthcare_Ethics">Healthcare Ethics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="463471" type="text/json">{"id":463471,"name":"Healthcare Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Healthcare_Ethics?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41606795]'), work: {"id":41606795,"title":"A Book Review of Ethical and Legal Issues in Healthcare by David Lemberg (1st Edition)","created_at":"2020-01-12T16:42:15.277-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41606795/A_Book_Review_of_Ethical_and_Legal_Issues_in_Healthcare_by_David_Lemberg_1st_Edition_?f_ri=12834","dom_id":"work_41606795","summary":"A Review of David Lemberg’s Ethical and Legal Issues in Healthcare\n(1st Edition)","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61761039,"asset_id":41606795,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":223806,"first_name":"Linda MacDonald","last_name":"Glenn","domain_name":"ucsc","page_name":"LindaMacDonaldGlenn","display_name":"Linda MacDonald Glenn","profile_url":"https://ucsc.academia.edu/LindaMacDonaldGlenn?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/223806/499491/56657637/s65_linda_macdonald.glenn.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":100552,"name":"Medical Law and Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Law_and_Ethics?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":255434,"name":"Health care law and ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_care_law_and_ethics?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":463471,"name":"Healthcare Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Healthcare_Ethics?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":530059,"name":"Medical Ethics and Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Ethics_and_Law-1?f_ri=12834"},{"id":1412611,"name":"Public Health Ethics and Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health_Ethics_and_Law?f_ri=12834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28293667" data-work_id="28293667" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28293667/Enhancing_Cybersecurity_for_the_Digital_Health_Marketplace">Enhancing Cybersecurity for the Digital Health Marketplace</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Amidst an explosion in digital health product investment, increasingly frequent cybersecurity vulnerabilities, and a scattered regulatory framework, the digital health marketplace requires a clear, measured approach to consumer safety and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28293667" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Amidst an explosion in digital health product investment, increasingly frequent cybersecurity vulnerabilities, and a scattered regulatory framework, the digital health marketplace requires a clear, measured approach to consumer safety and data privacy. While legal and technology scholars have generally proposed increased activity in and examination of cybersecurity, neither have taken a multidisciplinary approach, leveraging both technology and law to advance a regulatory framework for the digital health market. Leveraging existing U.S. Food and Drug Administration processes with enhanced oversight will create the framework necessary to simultaneously protect patients while providing clear direction for businesses producing digital health products and services. The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act is well-positioned to regulate cybersecurity for the United States Digital Health Marketplace.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28293667" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="eb43e5ba4920f4214ce44a0fab61661d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54779915,"asset_id":28293667,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54779915/download_file?st=MTczMjM5MzQ3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11027962" href="https://luc.academia.edu/CharlotteTschider">Charlotte A Tschider</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11027962" type="text/json">{"id":11027962,"first_name":"Charlotte","last_name":"Tschider","domain_name":"luc","page_name":"CharlotteTschider","display_name":"Charlotte A Tschider","profile_url":"https://luc.academia.edu/CharlotteTschider?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11027962/3271644/59104072/s65_charlotte.tschider.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28293667 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28293667"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28293667, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28293667", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_28293667 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28293667; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_28293667"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_28293667 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="28293667"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28293667; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28293667]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28293667").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28293667").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28293667"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1283" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Security">Information Security</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1283" type="text/json">{"id":1283,"name":"Information Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Security?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2094" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health_Law">Public Health Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2094" type="text/json">{"id":2094,"name":"Public Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2783" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Privacy">Privacy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2783" type="text/json">{"id":2783,"name":"Privacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Privacy?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12834" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law">Health Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12834" type="text/json">{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28293667]'), work: {"id":28293667,"title":"Enhancing Cybersecurity for the Digital Health Marketplace","created_at":"2016-09-06T16:25:00.253-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28293667/Enhancing_Cybersecurity_for_the_Digital_Health_Marketplace?f_ri=12834","dom_id":"work_28293667","summary":"Amidst an explosion in digital health product investment, increasingly frequent cybersecurity vulnerabilities, and a scattered regulatory framework, the digital health marketplace requires a clear, measured approach to consumer safety and data privacy. While legal and technology scholars have generally proposed increased activity in and examination of cybersecurity, neither have taken a multidisciplinary approach, leveraging both technology and law to advance a regulatory framework for the digital health market. Leveraging existing U.S. Food and Drug Administration processes with enhanced oversight will create the framework necessary to simultaneously protect patients while providing clear direction for businesses producing digital health products and services. The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act is well-positioned to regulate cybersecurity for the United States Digital Health Marketplace.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54779915,"asset_id":28293667,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":11027962,"first_name":"Charlotte","last_name":"Tschider","domain_name":"luc","page_name":"CharlotteTschider","display_name":"Charlotte A Tschider","profile_url":"https://luc.academia.edu/CharlotteTschider?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11027962/3271644/59104072/s65_charlotte.tschider.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1283,"name":"Information Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Security?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":2094,"name":"Public Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":2783,"name":"Privacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Privacy?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":23506,"name":"Information Security and Privacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Security_and_Privacy?f_ri=12834"},{"id":27557,"name":"Privacy (Law)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Privacy_Law_?f_ri=12834"},{"id":46738,"name":"Cybersecurity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cybersecurity?f_ri=12834"},{"id":77351,"name":"Medical devices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_devices?f_ri=12834"},{"id":278686,"name":"Cybersecurity Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cybersecurity_Law?f_ri=12834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25506762 coauthored" data-work_id="25506762" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25506762/Advance_health_directives_competing_perceptions_intentions_and_use_by_patients_and_doctors_in_Queensland">Advance health directives: competing perceptions, intentions and use by patients and doctors in Queensland</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper reports on mixed method empirical research undertaken with individuals who have completed advance health directives (‘principals’) and doctors who have either attested to the principal’s capacity when the document was completed... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_25506762" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper reports on mixed method empirical research undertaken with individuals who have completed advance health directives (‘principals’) and doctors who have either attested to the principal’s capacity when the document was completed or been called upon to use these documents in clinical settings. Principals and doctors appear to have different understandings of the purpose of these documents and their role in decision-making about medical treatment. We recommend changes to the advance health directive form in Queensland to promote informed decision-making which will help to better align perceptions of principals and doctors about the role of these documents.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25506762" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2572a755657d864a4b740cd7536007f7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45828551,"asset_id":25506762,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45828551/download_file?st=MTczMjM5MzQ3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33011220" href="https://qut.academia.edu/BenWhite">Ben White</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33011220" type="text/json">{"id":33011220,"first_name":"Ben","last_name":"White","domain_name":"qut","page_name":"BenWhite","display_name":"Ben White","profile_url":"https://qut.academia.edu/BenWhite?f_ri=12834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-25506762">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-25506762"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://qut.academia.edu/LindyWillmott">Lindy Willmott</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://qut.academia.edu/KellyPurser">Kelly Purser</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-25506762'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-25506762').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25506762 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25506762"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25506762, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25506762", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_25506762 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25506762; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_25506762"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_25506762 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="25506762"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25506762; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25506762]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25506762").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25506762").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25506762"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1652" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Law">Medical Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1652" type="text/json">{"id":1652,"name":"Medical Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12834" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law">Health Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12834" type="text/json">{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="445306" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Advance_Directives">Advance Directives</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="445306" type="text/json">{"id":445306,"name":"Advance Directives","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Advance_Directives?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25506762]'), work: {"id":25506762,"title":"Advance health directives: competing perceptions, intentions and use by patients and doctors in Queensland","created_at":"2016-05-21T04:23:41.578-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25506762/Advance_health_directives_competing_perceptions_intentions_and_use_by_patients_and_doctors_in_Queensland?f_ri=12834","dom_id":"work_25506762","summary":"This paper reports on mixed method empirical research undertaken with individuals who have completed advance health directives (‘principals’) and doctors who have either attested to the principal’s capacity when the document was completed or been called upon to use these documents in clinical settings. Principals and doctors appear to have different understandings of the purpose of these documents and their role in decision-making about medical treatment. We recommend changes to the advance health directive form in Queensland to promote informed decision-making which will help to better align perceptions of principals and doctors about the role of these documents.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45828551,"asset_id":25506762,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33011220,"first_name":"Ben","last_name":"White","domain_name":"qut","page_name":"BenWhite","display_name":"Ben White","profile_url":"https://qut.academia.edu/BenWhite?f_ri=12834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":44123858,"first_name":"Lindy","last_name":"Willmott","domain_name":"qut","page_name":"LindyWillmott","display_name":"Lindy Willmott","profile_url":"https://qut.academia.edu/LindyWillmott?f_ri=12834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":43072972,"first_name":"Kelly","last_name":"Purser","domain_name":"qut","page_name":"KellyPurser","display_name":"Kelly Purser","profile_url":"https://qut.academia.edu/KellyPurser?f_ri=12834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1652,"name":"Medical Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":445306,"name":"Advance Directives","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Advance_Directives?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_68978447" data-work_id="68978447" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68978447/Maternal_Health_and_Millennium_Development_Goal_MDG_5_in_Nigeria_Any_Catalytic_Role_for_Human_Rights">Maternal Health and Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 5 in Nigeria: Any Catalytic Role for Human Rights?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Despite Nigeria&#39;s ratification of virtually all human rights instruments recognizing health as a human right and endorsement of the Millennium Declaration, the state of maternal health in the country remains atrocious. That the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_68978447" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Despite Nigeria&#39;s ratification of virtually all human rights instruments recognizing health as a human right and endorsement of the Millennium Declaration, the state of maternal health in the country remains atrocious. That the country is not on pace to meet its obligations under Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 5 (to reduce the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) by three quarters in 2015, using 1990 as a base year, and achieve univeral access to reproductive services) is no longer news. What is perhaps newsworthy and that is because of their significance to repositioning the country on course toward the MDG, are three concers, namely, the factors constratining progress to acceptable maternal health in the country; the interventions needed to reverse the status quo; and, finally, the question, thether and how human rights could play a catalytic role in the process. Addressing these concerns is the major objective of this paper.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68978447" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="49688112" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MiriamAnozie">Miriam Anozie</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="49688112" type="text/json">{"id":49688112,"first_name":"Miriam","last_name":"Anozie","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MiriamAnozie","display_name":"Miriam Anozie","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MiriamAnozie?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49688112/42428757/38699651/s65_miriam.anozie.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_68978447 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="68978447"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68978447, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_68978447", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_68978447 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68978447; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_68978447"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_68978447 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="68978447"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68978447; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=68978447]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_68978447").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_68978447").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="68978447"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="534" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law">Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="534" type="text/json">{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="547" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law">Constitutional Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="547" type="text/json">{"id":547,"name":"Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="981" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Promotion">Health Promotion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="981" type="text/json">{"id":981,"name":"Health Promotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Promotion?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2169" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights_Law">Human Rights Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2169" type="text/json">{"id":2169,"name":"Human Rights Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=68978447]'), work: {"id":68978447,"title":"Maternal Health and Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 5 in Nigeria: Any Catalytic Role for Human Rights?","created_at":"2022-01-21T03:57:55.883-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/68978447/Maternal_Health_and_Millennium_Development_Goal_MDG_5_in_Nigeria_Any_Catalytic_Role_for_Human_Rights?f_ri=12834","dom_id":"work_68978447","summary":"Despite Nigeria\u0026#39;s ratification of virtually all human rights instruments recognizing health as a human right and endorsement of the Millennium Declaration, the state of maternal health in the country remains atrocious. That the country is not on pace to meet its obligations under Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 5 (to reduce the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) by three quarters in 2015, using 1990 as a base year, and achieve univeral access to reproductive services) is no longer news. What is perhaps newsworthy and that is because of their significance to repositioning the country on course toward the MDG, are three concers, namely, the factors constratining progress to acceptable maternal health in the country; the interventions needed to reverse the status quo; and, finally, the question, thether and how human rights could play a catalytic role in the process. Addressing these concerns is the major objective of this paper.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":49688112,"first_name":"Miriam","last_name":"Anozie","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MiriamAnozie","display_name":"Miriam Anozie","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MiriamAnozie?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49688112/42428757/38699651/s65_miriam.anozie.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":547,"name":"Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":981,"name":"Health Promotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Promotion?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":2169,"name":"Human Rights Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=12834"},{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=12834"},{"id":2808,"name":"Poverty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty?f_ri=12834"},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=12834"},{"id":6810,"name":"Public Health Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health_Policy?f_ri=12834"},{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834"},{"id":14406,"name":"Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health?f_ri=12834"},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=12834"},{"id":17969,"name":"Health Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Policy?f_ri=12834"},{"id":21318,"name":"Nigeria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nigeria?f_ri=12834"},{"id":21559,"name":"Health Care Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care_Management?f_ri=12834"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=12834"},{"id":132667,"name":"Healthcare Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Healthcare_Law?f_ri=12834"},{"id":142062,"name":"Mdgs Goals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mdgs_Goals?f_ri=12834"},{"id":538910,"name":"Medicine Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine_Law?f_ri=12834"},{"id":1031549,"name":"Healthcare Policy and Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Healthcare_Policy_and_Law?f_ri=12834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_56009904" data-work_id="56009904" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/56009904/RECOGNITION_AND_ENFORCEMENT_OF_HEALTH_RIGHTS_OF_GERONTIC_POPULATION_IN_NIGERIA">RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT OF HEALTH RIGHTS OF GERONTIC POPULATION IN NIGERIA</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Recently, problems associated with aging receive global attention. Growing interest in gerontology seems to stem from increase in gerontic population, their frailty/vulnerability, and principle of natural justice. According to World... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_56009904" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Recently, problems associated with aging receive global attention. Growing interest in gerontology seems to stem from increase in gerontic population, their frailty/vulnerability, and principle of natural justice. According to World Health Organisation (WHO), in 2000 there were 600 million people aged sixty (60) and above in the globe; there will be 1.2 billion by 2025 and 2 billion in 2050; and today about two-thirds (this will increase to 75% by 2025) of all older people are living in the developing world, Nigeria inclusive. Studies have found correlation between old age and functional limitation, neurological diseases, physical disability among others. Recent studies in Nigeria revealed high incidences of glaucoma, dementia, falls, functional limitations, etc. among elderly people especially those from low socio-economic background in Nigeria. It is projected that by 2040 approximately 71% of persons living with dementia globally will be resident in low- and middle-income countries. Whereas studies abound on gerontology in medical and sociological fields a huge gap exists in legal context of gerontology in Nigeria. Whereas the rights of other identified vulnerable groups - children, mentally disabled, and women are widely recognized, protected and enforced worldwide, the rights of geriatric population appear forgotten especially in Nigeria. What comes to mind from this observation is: it appears that the rights of old adults are not emphasized because of wrong perception that they have outlived their productive stage and have nothing to offer to the society. In view of these circumstances, this study investigated the recognition and enforcement of gerontic health rights in Nigeria. The study also sought to establish a nexus between the health rights of the aged and sustainable national development. To achieve this, four research <br />purposes and questions were set. All data and information used for this study were derived from primary sources (questionnaire, interview schedule, statutes and case laws) and secondary sources (journal articles, textbooks, and newspaper, organisational, and institutional publications accessed from non-electronic materials, online databases, and other internet sources). The study adopted descriptive and analytical approach in examining international and national laws and institutional frameworks in protection of health rights of the elders. A comparative approach was used to conduct a short excursion to the laws of other jurisdictions –India, Mauritius, and Japan while an empirical approach was used in analysing the first limb of research question two to ascertain the recognition and enforcement of old peoples’ health rights in health, community, and court institutions, and by the aged themselves. The findings of the study were reported, among which are the backwardness of Nigeria in protection of old people’s health rights compared to three other reviewed jurisdictions (India, Mauritius and Japan); Nigeria has some laws protecting old peoples’ health rights; old people partly recognize their right to health but, unaware of the availability of opportunities instituted to foster affordable and equitable enjoyment of those rights; Nigerian courts are reluctant to enforce health rights claims except where they are tangential. The result further revealed the challenges limiting the recognition and enforcement of the aged health rights. Predictively, policy, legal, research, institutional and other recommendations were made and conclusion was drawn.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/56009904" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f19a45741f8011d15b5c75e6b7dc9e41" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":71601614,"asset_id":56009904,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71601614/download_file?st=MTczMjM5MzQ3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7421058" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AdaobiaguObiagu">Adaobiagu Obiagu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7421058" type="text/json">{"id":7421058,"first_name":"Adaobiagu","last_name":"Obiagu","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AdaobiaguObiagu","display_name":"Adaobiagu Obiagu","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AdaobiaguObiagu?f_ri=12834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_56009904 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="56009904"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 56009904, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_56009904", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_56009904 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 56009904; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_56009904"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_56009904 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="56009904"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 56009904; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=56009904]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_56009904").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_56009904").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="56009904"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2169" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights_Law">Human Rights Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2169" type="text/json">{"id":2169,"name":"Human Rights Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2575" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law">International Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2575" type="text/json">{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2592" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights">Human Rights</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2592" type="text/json">{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12834" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law">Health Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12834" type="text/json">{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=56009904]'), work: {"id":56009904,"title":"RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT OF HEALTH RIGHTS OF GERONTIC POPULATION IN NIGERIA","created_at":"2021-10-06T10:17:31.817-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/56009904/RECOGNITION_AND_ENFORCEMENT_OF_HEALTH_RIGHTS_OF_GERONTIC_POPULATION_IN_NIGERIA?f_ri=12834","dom_id":"work_56009904","summary":"Recently, problems associated with aging receive global attention. Growing interest in gerontology seems to stem from increase in gerontic population, their frailty/vulnerability, and principle of natural justice. According to World Health Organisation (WHO), in 2000 there were 600 million people aged sixty (60) and above in the globe; there will be 1.2 billion by 2025 and 2 billion in 2050; and today about two-thirds (this will increase to 75% by 2025) of all older people are living in the developing world, Nigeria inclusive. Studies have found correlation between old age and functional limitation, neurological diseases, physical disability among others. Recent studies in Nigeria revealed high incidences of glaucoma, dementia, falls, functional limitations, etc. among elderly people especially those from low socio-economic background in Nigeria. It is projected that by 2040 approximately 71% of persons living with dementia globally will be resident in low- and middle-income countries. Whereas studies abound on gerontology in medical and sociological fields a huge gap exists in legal context of gerontology in Nigeria. Whereas the rights of other identified vulnerable groups - children, mentally disabled, and women are widely recognized, protected and enforced worldwide, the rights of geriatric population appear forgotten especially in Nigeria. What comes to mind from this observation is: it appears that the rights of old adults are not emphasized because of wrong perception that they have outlived their productive stage and have nothing to offer to the society. In view of these circumstances, this study investigated the recognition and enforcement of gerontic health rights in Nigeria. The study also sought to establish a nexus between the health rights of the aged and sustainable national development. To achieve this, four research \npurposes and questions were set. All data and information used for this study were derived from primary sources (questionnaire, interview schedule, statutes and case laws) and secondary sources (journal articles, textbooks, and newspaper, organisational, and institutional publications accessed from non-electronic materials, online databases, and other internet sources). The study adopted descriptive and analytical approach in examining international and national laws and institutional frameworks in protection of health rights of the elders. A comparative approach was used to conduct a short excursion to the laws of other jurisdictions –India, Mauritius, and Japan while an empirical approach was used in analysing the first limb of research question two to ascertain the recognition and enforcement of old peoples’ health rights in health, community, and court institutions, and by the aged themselves. The findings of the study were reported, among which are the backwardness of Nigeria in protection of old people’s health rights compared to three other reviewed jurisdictions (India, Mauritius and Japan); Nigeria has some laws protecting old peoples’ health rights; old people partly recognize their right to health but, unaware of the availability of opportunities instituted to foster affordable and equitable enjoyment of those rights; Nigerian courts are reluctant to enforce health rights claims except where they are tangential. The result further revealed the challenges limiting the recognition and enforcement of the aged health rights. Predictively, policy, legal, research, institutional and other recommendations were made and conclusion was drawn.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":71601614,"asset_id":56009904,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7421058,"first_name":"Adaobiagu","last_name":"Obiagu","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AdaobiaguObiagu","display_name":"Adaobiagu Obiagu","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AdaobiaguObiagu?f_ri=12834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2169,"name":"Human Rights Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":16181,"name":"Social Policy For Older People","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Policy_For_Older_People?f_ri=12834"},{"id":17969,"name":"Health Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Policy?f_ri=12834"},{"id":21318,"name":"Nigeria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nigeria?f_ri=12834"},{"id":57153,"name":"Health Care Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care_Law?f_ri=12834"},{"id":66511,"name":"Older people","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Older_people?f_ri=12834"},{"id":301196,"name":"Right to Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Right_to_Health?f_ri=12834"},{"id":569446,"name":"Aged People","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged_People?f_ri=12834"},{"id":601010,"name":"Social Welfare Laws","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Welfare_Laws?f_ri=12834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29622998 coauthored" data-work_id="29622998" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29622998/From_Stakeholders_to_Shareholders_Engaging_Consumers_in_Health_Research">From Stakeholders to Shareholders: Engaging Consumers in Health Research</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29622998" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9fc8dc9f0698901e0fd570bf9fd9c23b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50061875,"asset_id":29622998,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50061875/download_file?st=MTczMjM5MzQ3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42216996" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnneTownsend2">Anne Townsend</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42216996" type="text/json">{"id":42216996,"first_name":"Anne","last_name":"Townsend","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AnneTownsend2","display_name":"Anne Townsend","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AnneTownsend2?f_ri=12834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-29622998">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-29622998"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/DeniseAvard">Denise Avard</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-29622998'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-29622998').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29622998 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29622998"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29622998, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29622998", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_29622998 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29622998; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_29622998"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_29622998 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="29622998"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29622998; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29622998]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29622998").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29622998").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29622998"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="534" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law">Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="534" type="text/json">{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12834" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law">Health Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12834" type="text/json">{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29622998]'), work: {"id":29622998,"title":"From Stakeholders to Shareholders: Engaging Consumers in Health Research","created_at":"2016-11-02T10:29:07.123-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29622998/From_Stakeholders_to_Shareholders_Engaging_Consumers_in_Health_Research?f_ri=12834","dom_id":"work_29622998","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50061875,"asset_id":29622998,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42216996,"first_name":"Anne","last_name":"Townsend","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AnneTownsend2","display_name":"Anne Townsend","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AnneTownsend2?f_ri=12834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":32878387,"first_name":"Denise","last_name":"Avard","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DeniseAvard","display_name":"Denise Avard","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DeniseAvard?f_ri=12834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28162956" data-work_id="28162956" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28162956/Human_Rights_Based_Approaches_to_Development_Concepts_Evidence_and_Policy">Human Rights-Based Approaches to Development: Concepts, Evidence, and Policy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28162956" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b1a3066f95a0feb4d7840c1a33deaaa4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48478211,"asset_id":28162956,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48478211/download_file?st=MTczMjM5MzQ3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="821902" href="https://uib.academia.edu/SiriGloppen">Siri Gloppen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="821902" type="text/json">{"id":821902,"first_name":"Siri","last_name":"Gloppen","domain_name":"uib","page_name":"SiriGloppen","display_name":"Siri Gloppen","profile_url":"https://uib.academia.edu/SiriGloppen?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/821902/285580/337795/s65_siri.gloppen.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28162956 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28162956"><i class="u-m1x fa 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view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="28162956"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28162956; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28162956]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28162956").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28162956").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28162956"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">33</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="206" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Change">Social Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="206" type="text/json">{"id":206,"name":"Social Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Change?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="208" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Movements">Social Movements</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="208" type="text/json">{"id":208,"name":"Social Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Movements?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="941" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Policy">Social Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="941" type="text/json">{"id":941,"name":"Social Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Policy?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1696" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory">Political Theory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1696" type="text/json">{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28162956]'), work: {"id":28162956,"title":"Human Rights-Based Approaches to Development: Concepts, Evidence, and Policy","created_at":"2016-08-31T14:45:04.148-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28162956/Human_Rights_Based_Approaches_to_Development_Concepts_Evidence_and_Policy?f_ri=12834","dom_id":"work_28162956","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48478211,"asset_id":28162956,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":821902,"first_name":"Siri","last_name":"Gloppen","domain_name":"uib","page_name":"SiriGloppen","display_name":"Siri 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La juriste Mélanie Mader exige l’introduction d’incitations étatiques afin d’augmenter le nombre de donneurs.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1420573" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c786ecab4ce68de28707cbd4e4b72335" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":9899987,"asset_id":1420573,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/9899987/download_file?st=MTczMjM5MzQ3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1157446" href="https://unine.academia.edu/MelanieLevyMader">Melanie Levy</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1157446" type="text/json">{"id":1157446,"first_name":"Melanie","last_name":"Levy","domain_name":"unine","page_name":"MelanieLevyMader","display_name":"Melanie Levy","profile_url":"https://unine.academia.edu/MelanieLevyMader?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1157446/408939/16633988/s65_melanie._mader_levy.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1420573 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1420573"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1420573, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1420573", }); 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La juriste Mélanie Mader exige l’introduction d’incitations étatiques afin d’augmenter le nombre de donneurs.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":9899987,"asset_id":1420573,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1157446,"first_name":"Melanie","last_name":"Levy","domain_name":"unine","page_name":"MelanieLevyMader","display_name":"Melanie Levy","profile_url":"https://unine.academia.edu/MelanieLevyMader?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1157446/408939/16633988/s65_melanie._mader_levy.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1652,"name":"Medical Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":2094,"name":"Public Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":16288,"name":"Public 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href="https://www.academia.edu/5820896/POVERTY_HEALTH_AND_LAW_READINGS_AND_CASES_FOR_MEDICAL_LEGAL_PARTNERSHIP">POVERTY, HEALTH AND LAW: READINGS AND CASES FOR MEDICAL-LEGAL PARTNERSHIP</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5820896" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="88e5c5ce64efd2fc3a421d5e62b544f8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32830601,"asset_id":5820896,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm 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itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47425960/Legal_issues_in_posthumous_conception_using_gametes_removed_from_a_comatose_male_The_case_of_Ex_Parte_SN">Legal issues in posthumous conception using gametes removed from a comatose male The case of Ex Parte SN</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In only the second case dealing with posthumous conception in South Africa – Ex Parte SN – a woman approached the High Court seeking an urgent order allowing her to have sperm removed from the body of her comatose husband, so that she... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_47425960" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In only the second case dealing with posthumous conception in South Africa – Ex Parte SN – a woman approached the High Court seeking an urgent order allowing her to have sperm removed from the body of her comatose husband, so that she could use it for reproductive purposes after his death. This raised two separate legal issues: (i) whether gamete removal may occur where the person from whom the gametes are being removed is unable to consent; and (ii) whether gametes removed in this way could be used for posthumous conception. The court held that the woman was allowed to have the gametes removed, but did not engage with whether she could use them for posthumous reproduction. The court did not provide reasons, as this case was determined on an urgent basis. This article provides a background to this case, and analyses the main arguments surrounding each of these legal issues. It concludes that the law allows that a person who has the authority to give consent to health services on the comatose patient’s behalf may also give consent to gamete removal. However, whether these gametes may then be used for posthumous conception should be determined by a court, by balancing the various rights and legal interests at play. Three criteria that should guide a court’s determination in cases of posthumous conception are provided.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/47425960" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b384c21c2580daeb37f5aa1ba9f1b42b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66524138,"asset_id":47425960,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66524138/download_file?st=MTczMjM5MzQ3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="107600741" href="https://ukzn.academia.edu/BonginkosiShozi">Bonginkosi Shozi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="107600741" type="text/json">{"id":107600741,"first_name":"Bonginkosi","last_name":"Shozi","domain_name":"ukzn","page_name":"BonginkosiShozi","display_name":"Bonginkosi Shozi","profile_url":"https://ukzn.academia.edu/BonginkosiShozi?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/107600741/27393654/32684877/s65_bonginkosi.shozi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_47425960 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="47425960"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 47425960, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_47425960", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=47425960]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_47425960").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_47425960").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="47425960"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12834" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law">Health Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12834" type="text/json">{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16288" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health">Public Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16288" type="text/json">{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="81288" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assisted_Reproductive_Technologies">Assisted Reproductive Technologies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="81288" type="text/json">{"id":81288,"name":"Assisted Reproductive Technologies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assisted_Reproductive_Technologies?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="90468" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Posthumous_Reproduction">Posthumous Reproduction</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="90468" type="text/json">{"id":90468,"name":"Posthumous Reproduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Posthumous_Reproduction?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=47425960]'), work: {"id":47425960,"title":"Legal issues in posthumous conception using gametes removed from a comatose male The case of Ex Parte SN","created_at":"2021-04-22T04:06:39.992-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/47425960/Legal_issues_in_posthumous_conception_using_gametes_removed_from_a_comatose_male_The_case_of_Ex_Parte_SN?f_ri=12834","dom_id":"work_47425960","summary":"In only the second case dealing with posthumous conception in South Africa – Ex Parte SN – a woman approached the High Court seeking an urgent order allowing her to have sperm removed from the body of her comatose husband, so that she could use it for reproductive purposes after his death. This raised two separate legal issues: (i) whether gamete removal may occur where the person from whom the gametes are being removed is unable to consent; and (ii) whether gametes removed in this way could be used for posthumous conception. The court held that the woman was allowed to have the gametes removed, but did not engage with whether she could use them for posthumous reproduction. The court did not provide reasons, as this case was determined on an urgent basis. This article provides a background to this case, and analyses the main arguments surrounding each of these legal issues. It concludes that the law allows that a person who has the authority to give consent to health services on the comatose patient’s behalf may also give consent to gamete removal. However, whether these gametes may then be used for posthumous conception should be determined by a court, by balancing the various rights and legal interests at play. Three criteria that should guide a court’s determination in cases of posthumous conception are provided.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66524138,"asset_id":47425960,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":107600741,"first_name":"Bonginkosi","last_name":"Shozi","domain_name":"ukzn","page_name":"BonginkosiShozi","display_name":"Bonginkosi Shozi","profile_url":"https://ukzn.academia.edu/BonginkosiShozi?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/107600741/27393654/32684877/s65_bonginkosi.shozi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":81288,"name":"Assisted Reproductive Technologies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assisted_Reproductive_Technologies?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":90468,"name":"Posthumous Reproduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Posthumous_Reproduction?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_66911035" data-work_id="66911035" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66911035/Wrongful_life_cause_of_action_or_not_Toombes_v_Mitchell">Wrongful life cause of action or not? Toombes v Mitchell</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In Toombes v Mitchell (Toombes), the England and Wales High Court (Queen's Bench Division) revisited established legal principles in respect of claims for, so-called, "wrongful life": specifically, does a cause of action exist for a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_66911035" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In Toombes v Mitchell (Toombes), the England and Wales High Court (Queen's Bench Division) revisited established legal principles in respect of claims for, so-called, "wrongful life": specifically, does a cause of action exist for a disabled person who asserts that they would not have been conceived and born but for the defendant's negligence?</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66911035" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="905ae69ed605546305ac8b0e05c9c578" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77926713,"asset_id":66911035,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77926713/download_file?st=MTczMjM5MzQ3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="416187" href="https://uwa.academia.edu/AndrewLu">Andrew Lu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="416187" type="text/json">{"id":416187,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Lu","domain_name":"uwa","page_name":"AndrewLu","display_name":"Andrew Lu","profile_url":"https://uwa.academia.edu/AndrewLu?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/416187/100719/36128938/s65_andrew.lu.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_66911035 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="66911035"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66911035, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_66911035", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=66911035]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_66911035").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_66911035").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="66911035"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12501" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Negligence_Medical_Law_">Negligence (Medical Law)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12501" type="text/json">{"id":12501,"name":"Negligence (Medical Law)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Negligence_Medical_Law_?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12834" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law">Health Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12834" type="text/json">{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16288" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health">Public Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16288" type="text/json">{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="50296" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wrongful_Life">Wrongful Life</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="50296" type="text/json">{"id":50296,"name":"Wrongful Life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wrongful_Life?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=66911035]'), work: {"id":66911035,"title":"Wrongful life cause of action or not? Toombes v Mitchell","created_at":"2022-01-03T00:24:38.274-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/66911035/Wrongful_life_cause_of_action_or_not_Toombes_v_Mitchell?f_ri=12834","dom_id":"work_66911035","summary":"In Toombes v Mitchell (Toombes), the England and Wales High Court (Queen's Bench Division) revisited established legal principles in respect of claims for, so-called, \"wrongful life\": specifically, does a cause of action exist for a disabled person who asserts that they would not have been conceived and born but for the defendant's negligence?","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77926713,"asset_id":66911035,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":416187,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Lu","domain_name":"uwa","page_name":"AndrewLu","display_name":"Andrew Lu","profile_url":"https://uwa.academia.edu/AndrewLu?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/416187/100719/36128938/s65_andrew.lu.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12501,"name":"Negligence (Medical Law)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Negligence_Medical_Law_?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":50296,"name":"Wrongful Life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wrongful_Life?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2581377" data-work_id="2581377" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2581377/The_Ethical_Space_of_Mindfulness_in_Clinical_Practice">The Ethical Space of Mindfulness in Clinical Practice</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Mindfulness is a burgeoning field of study and practice within mental health care and medicine. Yet ethical codes, and the philosophy of the therapist-client relationship, differ greatly between disciplines, and even more between those... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2581377" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Mindfulness is a burgeoning field of study and practice within mental health care and medicine. Yet ethical codes, and the philosophy of the therapist-client relationship, differ greatly between disciplines, and even more between those disciplines and mindfulness-based approaches. The potential for ethical dilemmas is therefore significant. <br /> <br />The book breaks new ground by taking a focused look at an ethics derived from contemporary clinical mindfulness practice itself. What does a secular ethics of mindfulness look like? Who is competent to work therapeutically with mindfulness, and how does one delimit areas and levels of competence? How do clinicians ethically understand the therapist-client relationship from the therapeutic position of mindfulness? And how do clinicians respond when the necessary restraints of their professional role and ethics code come into conflict with the mindfulness-based relationship and therapeutic position? <br /> <br />This book makes a vital contribution to the understanding of ethics as the cornerstone of mindfulness-based practice, and will be of interest to all those involved in delivering mindfulness-based interventions, including psychologists, counselors, spiritual directors, occupational therapists, physicians, nurses, and educators.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2581377" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b9a1507fe348e004d4b347c470b38a98" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31591112,"asset_id":2581377,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31591112/download_file?st=MTczMjM5MzQ3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="257514" href="https://wcupa.academia.edu/DonaldMcCown">Donald McCown</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="257514" type="text/json">{"id":257514,"first_name":"Donald","last_name":"McCown","domain_name":"wcupa","page_name":"DonaldMcCown","display_name":"Donald McCown","profile_url":"https://wcupa.academia.edu/DonaldMcCown?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/257514/63092/12677427/s65_donald.mccown.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2581377 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2581377"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2581377, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2581377", }); 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Yet ethical codes, and the philosophy of the therapist-client relationship, differ greatly between disciplines, and even more between those disciplines and mindfulness-based approaches. The potential for ethical dilemmas is therefore significant.\r\n\r\nThe book breaks new ground by taking a focused look at an ethics derived from contemporary clinical mindfulness practice itself. What does a secular ethics of mindfulness look like? Who is competent to work therapeutically with mindfulness, and how does one delimit areas and levels of competence? How do clinicians ethically understand the therapist-client relationship from the therapeutic position of mindfulness? And how do clinicians respond when the necessary restraints of their professional role and ethics code come into conflict with the mindfulness-based relationship and therapeutic position?\r\n\r\nThis book makes a vital contribution to the understanding of ethics as the cornerstone of mindfulness-based practice, and will be of interest to all those involved in delivering mindfulness-based interventions, including psychologists, counselors, spiritual directors, occupational therapists, physicians, nurses, and educators.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31591112,"asset_id":2581377,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":257514,"first_name":"Donald","last_name":"McCown","domain_name":"wcupa","page_name":"DonaldMcCown","display_name":"Donald 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})();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29492968" data-work_id="29492968" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29492968/Correcting_the_record_Australian_prosecutions_for_manslaughter_in_the_medical_context">Correcting the record: Australian prosecutions for manslaughter in the medical context</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The failure to prosecute Dr Jayant Patel successfully for any of the deaths associated with his time as Director of Surgery at Bundaberg Base Hospital was received in some quarters as an abject failure of the criminal law to deal... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29492968" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The failure to prosecute Dr Jayant Patel successfully for any of the deaths associated with his time as Director of Surgery at Bundaberg Base Hospital was received in some quarters as an abject failure of the criminal law to deal adequately with significant wrongdoing. The case itself, the multiple public inquiries and the significant expense to pursue, extradite and prosecute Patel, resulting finally in a finding of guilt on a number of minor fraud charges, seems to compound this sense of failure. This article argues otherwise. When placed within the far longer and forgotten history of the prosecution of manslaughter by criminal negligence in the Australian jurisdiction, this story of prosecutorial failure becomes instead wholly consistent with the case law over time. No adequate account of the history of prosecution in the Australian jurisdiction exists for this area of law. To present Patel in context, the article draws upon archival research to provide a significantly extended account of the history of prosecution for manslaughter in the health care context. The extension of the case law is significant, from four known prosecutions, case histories of another 33 inadequately acknowledged prosecutions are presented. CONTEXTUALISING PATEL The prosecution of manslaughter by criminal negligence or its cognate offences is a complex undertaking. Similarly, such an offence represents one of the most difficult points of interface between the law and health care. The legitimacy of any such intervention is regarded widely as unhelpful to the ongoing work of sustainably reducing preventable adverse events, forms of iatrogenic harm which arise from the actual treatment of a disease or injury rather than the underlying condition itself. 1 Despite this broadly accepted perspective in the professional literature, criminal offences of manslaughter by criminal negligence exist and are pursued. The complex case of Jayant Patel is one such instance. 2 Here the aim is to render the Patel case in a more comprehensive prosecutorial context. To do so, a revised and expanded history of prosecution in the Australian jurisdiction is presented, which expands the known prosecutions of manslaughter in the health care context from four doctors to include an additional 33. To present Patel's case in this way does not aim to efface the otherwise</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29492968" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7924137aca5dc4f9546fe19c5756d69e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49933026,"asset_id":29492968,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49933026/download_file?st=MTczMjM5MzQ3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="871782" href="https://uts.academia.edu/DavidCarter">David J Carter</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="871782" type="text/json">{"id":871782,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Carter","domain_name":"uts","page_name":"DavidCarter","display_name":"David J Carter","profile_url":"https://uts.academia.edu/DavidCarter?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/871782/3712261/4350112/s65_david.carter.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29492968 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29492968"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29492968, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29492968", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29492968]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29492968").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29492968").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29492968"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="535" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_Law-1">Criminal Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="535" type="text/json">{"id":535,"name":"Criminal Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_Law-1?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1652" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Law">Medical Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1652" type="text/json">{"id":1652,"name":"Medical Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3286" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Patient_Safety">Patient Safety</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3286" type="text/json">{"id":3286,"name":"Patient Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Patient_Safety?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12834" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law">Health Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12834" type="text/json">{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29492968]'), work: {"id":29492968,"title":"Correcting the record: Australian prosecutions for manslaughter in the medical context","created_at":"2016-10-28T02:25:48.662-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29492968/Correcting_the_record_Australian_prosecutions_for_manslaughter_in_the_medical_context?f_ri=12834","dom_id":"work_29492968","summary":"The failure to prosecute Dr Jayant Patel successfully for any of the deaths associated with his time as Director of Surgery at Bundaberg Base Hospital was received in some quarters as an abject failure of the criminal law to deal adequately with significant wrongdoing. The case itself, the multiple public inquiries and the significant expense to pursue, extradite and prosecute Patel, resulting finally in a finding of guilt on a number of minor fraud charges, seems to compound this sense of failure. This article argues otherwise. When placed within the far longer and forgotten history of the prosecution of manslaughter by criminal negligence in the Australian jurisdiction, this story of prosecutorial failure becomes instead wholly consistent with the case law over time. No adequate account of the history of prosecution in the Australian jurisdiction exists for this area of law. To present Patel in context, the article draws upon archival research to provide a significantly extended account of the history of prosecution for manslaughter in the health care context. The extension of the case law is significant, from four known prosecutions, case histories of another 33 inadequately acknowledged prosecutions are presented. CONTEXTUALISING PATEL The prosecution of manslaughter by criminal negligence or its cognate offences is a complex undertaking. Similarly, such an offence represents one of the most difficult points of interface between the law and health care. The legitimacy of any such intervention is regarded widely as unhelpful to the ongoing work of sustainably reducing preventable adverse events, forms of iatrogenic harm which arise from the actual treatment of a disease or injury rather than the underlying condition itself. 1 Despite this broadly accepted perspective in the professional literature, criminal offences of manslaughter by criminal negligence exist and are pursued. The complex case of Jayant Patel is one such instance. 2 Here the aim is to render the Patel case in a more comprehensive prosecutorial context. To do so, a revised and expanded history of prosecution in the Australian jurisdiction is presented, which expands the known prosecutions of manslaughter in the health care context from four doctors to include an additional 33. To present Patel's case in this way does not aim to efface the otherwise","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49933026,"asset_id":29492968,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":871782,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Carter","domain_name":"uts","page_name":"DavidCarter","display_name":"David J Carter","profile_url":"https://uts.academia.edu/DavidCarter?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/871782/3712261/4350112/s65_david.carter.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":535,"name":"Criminal Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_Law-1?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":1652,"name":"Medical Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":3286,"name":"Patient Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Patient_Safety?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":682927,"name":"Quality and safety in health care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_and_safety_in_health_care?f_ri=12834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25507168" data-work_id="25507168" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25507168/_Best_interests_and_withholding_and_withdrawing_life_sustaining_treatment_from_an_adult_who_lacks_capacity_in_the_parens_patriae_jurisdiction">“Best interests” and withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining treatment from an adult who lacks capacity in the parens patriae jurisdiction</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Disputes about withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining treatment are increasingly coming before Australian Supreme Courts. Such cases are generally heard in the parens patriae jurisdiction where the test applied is what is in the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_25507168" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Disputes about withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining treatment are increasingly coming before Australian Supreme Courts. Such cases are generally heard in the parens patriae jurisdiction where the test applied is what is in the patient’s “best interests”. However, the application of the “best interests” test, and its meaning, remains unclear in this context. To shed light on this emerging body of jurisprudence, this article analyses the Australian superior court decisions that consider an adult’s best interests in the context of decisions about life-sustaining treatment. We identify a number of themes from the current body of cases and consider how these themes may guide future decision-making. After then considering the law in the United Kingdom, we suggest an approach for assessing best interests that could be adopted by Australian Supreme Courts. We argue that the suggested approach will lead to a more structured and systematic decision-making process that better promotes the best interests of the patient.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25507168" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d157e1c0f22a4a4f7b9a933bae2710fd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45872771,"asset_id":25507168,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45872771/download_file?st=MTczMjM5MzQ3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33011220" href="https://qut.academia.edu/BenWhite">Ben White</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33011220" type="text/json">{"id":33011220,"first_name":"Ben","last_name":"White","domain_name":"qut","page_name":"BenWhite","display_name":"Ben White","profile_url":"https://qut.academia.edu/BenWhite?f_ri=12834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25507168 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25507168"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25507168, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25507168", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_25507168 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25507168; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_25507168"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_25507168 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="25507168"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25507168; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25507168]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25507168").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25507168").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25507168"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1652" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Law">Medical Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1652" type="text/json">{"id":1652,"name":"Medical Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9412" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Best_Interests">Best Interests</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9412" type="text/json">{"id":9412,"name":"Best Interests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Best_Interests?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12834" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law">Health Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12834" type="text/json">{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="70497" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/End_of_life_care">End of life care</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="70497" type="text/json">{"id":70497,"name":"End of life care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/End_of_life_care?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25507168]'), work: {"id":25507168,"title":"“Best interests” and withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining treatment from an adult who lacks capacity in the parens patriae jurisdiction","created_at":"2016-05-21T04:41:02.542-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25507168/_Best_interests_and_withholding_and_withdrawing_life_sustaining_treatment_from_an_adult_who_lacks_capacity_in_the_parens_patriae_jurisdiction?f_ri=12834","dom_id":"work_25507168","summary":"Disputes about withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining treatment are increasingly coming before Australian Supreme Courts. Such cases are generally heard in the parens patriae jurisdiction where the test applied is what is in the patient’s “best interests”. However, the application of the “best interests” test, and its meaning, remains unclear in this context. To shed light on this emerging body of jurisprudence, this article analyses the Australian superior court decisions that consider an adult’s best interests in the context of decisions about life-sustaining treatment. We identify a number of themes from the current body of cases and consider how these themes may guide future decision-making. After then considering the law in the United Kingdom, we suggest an approach for assessing best interests that could be adopted by Australian Supreme Courts. We argue that the suggested approach will lead to a more structured and systematic decision-making process that better promotes the best interests of the patient.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45872771,"asset_id":25507168,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33011220,"first_name":"Ben","last_name":"White","domain_name":"qut","page_name":"BenWhite","display_name":"Ben White","profile_url":"https://qut.academia.edu/BenWhite?f_ri=12834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1652,"name":"Medical Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":9412,"name":"Best Interests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Best_Interests?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":70497,"name":"End of life care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/End_of_life_care?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":394787,"name":"Parens patriae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parens_patriae?f_ri=12834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11956501" data-work_id="11956501" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11956501/%D0%9C%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%83_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%83_%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96_%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8F">М'яке право у регламентації прав людини у сфері охорони здоров'я</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Розглядається питання місця та ролі особливих норм, так званих «м’яких» норм міжнародного права – у регламентації питання прав людини (пацієнта) у сфері охорони здоров’я. Звертається увага як на особливості характеру дії норм м’якого... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11956501" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Розглядається питання місця та ролі особливих норм, так званих «м’яких» норм міжнародного права – у регламентації<br />питання прав людини (пацієнта) у сфері охорони здоров’я. Звертається увага як на особливості характеру дії норм<br />м’якого права у міжнародному праві, так і питання їх співвідношення із національним законодавством.<br />Ключові слова: м’яке право, права пацієнта, охорона здоров’я, ВООЗ, Рада Європи.<br />Рассматривается вопрос места и роли особых норм, так называемых «мягких» норм международного права – в регламентации вопросов прав человека (пациента)<br />в сфере здравоохранения. Обращается внимание как на особенности характера действия норм мягкого права в международном праве, так и вопросы их соотношения с национальным законодательством.<br />Ключевые слова: мягкое право, права пациента, здравоохранение, ВООЗ, Совет Европы.<br />Place and role of the special norms, so-called «soft law» at international law, is dedicated through the issue of human rights (the patient) regulation in the health sector. Both the nature of the particular operation of soft law norms in international law, and the issues of their relationship with national law are scrutinized.<br />Keywords: soft law, the rights of the patient’s, healthcare, WHO, the Council of Europe.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11956501" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="00253c9b13f1841f7c720e3f10b9d4f1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37313344,"asset_id":11956501,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37313344/download_file?st=MTczMjM5MzQ3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2453480" href="https://bogomoletsnationalmedical.academia.edu/IvanDemchenko">Ivan Demchenko</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2453480" type="text/json">{"id":2453480,"first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Demchenko","domain_name":"bogomoletsnationalmedical","page_name":"IvanDemchenko","display_name":"Ivan Demchenko","profile_url":"https://bogomoletsnationalmedical.academia.edu/IvanDemchenko?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2453480/768419/33140132/s65_ivan.demchenko.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11956501 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11956501"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11956501, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11956501", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11956501]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11956501").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11956501").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11956501"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1652" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Law">Medical Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1652" type="text/json">{"id":1652,"name":"Medical Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2094" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health_Law">Public Health Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2094" type="text/json">{"id":2094,"name":"Public Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12834" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law">Health Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12834" type="text/json">{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="309968" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soft_Law">Soft Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="309968" type="text/json">{"id":309968,"name":"Soft Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soft_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11956501]'), work: {"id":11956501,"title":"М'яке право у регламентації прав людини у сфері охорони здоров'я","created_at":"2015-04-15T04:52:59.166-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11956501/%D0%9C%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%83_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%83_%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96_%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8F?f_ri=12834","dom_id":"work_11956501","summary":"Розглядається питання місця та ролі особливих норм, так званих «м’яких» норм міжнародного права – у регламентації\nпитання прав людини (пацієнта) у сфері охорони здоров’я. Звертається увага як на особливості характеру дії норм\nм’якого права у міжнародному праві, так і питання їх співвідношення із національним законодавством.\nКлючові слова: м’яке право, права пацієнта, охорона здоров’я, ВООЗ, Рада Європи.\nРассматривается вопрос места и роли особых норм, так называемых «мягких» норм международного права – в регламентации вопросов прав человека (пациента)\nв сфере здравоохранения. Обращается внимание как на особенности характера действия норм мягкого права в международном праве, так и вопросы их соотношения с национальным законодательством.\nКлючевые слова: мягкое право, права пациента, здравоохранение, ВООЗ, Совет Европы.\nPlace and role of the special norms, so-called «soft law» at international law, is dedicated through the issue of human rights (the patient) regulation in the health sector. Both the nature of the particular operation of soft law norms in international law, and the issues of their relationship with national law are scrutinized.\nKeywords: soft law, the rights of the patient’s, healthcare, WHO, the Council of Europe.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37313344,"asset_id":11956501,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2453480,"first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Demchenko","domain_name":"bogomoletsnationalmedical","page_name":"IvanDemchenko","display_name":"Ivan Demchenko","profile_url":"https://bogomoletsnationalmedical.academia.edu/IvanDemchenko?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2453480/768419/33140132/s65_ivan.demchenko.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1652,"name":"Medical Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":2094,"name":"Public Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":309968,"name":"Soft Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soft_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":908149,"name":"International Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Health_Law?f_ri=12834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3387707" data-work_id="3387707" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3387707/3rd_International_Society_of_Advance_Care_Planning_and_End_of_Life_Care_ACPEL_Conference_May_June_2012_Chicago_IL_USA">3rd International Society of Advance Care Planning and End of Life Care (ACPEL) Conference, May-June 2012, Chicago, IL, USA</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3387707" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="567eb19e06b058e3b53fbc671613566f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31181181,"asset_id":3387707,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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class="js-paper-rank-work_3387707 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3387707"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3387707, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3387707", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_3387707 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3387707; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_3387707"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_3387707 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3387707"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3387707; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3387707]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3387707").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3387707").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3387707"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="620" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internal_Medicine_General_Medicine_">Internal Medicine (General Medicine)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="620" type="text/json">{"id":620,"name":"Internal Medicine (General Medicine)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internal_Medicine_General_Medicine_?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1414" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioethics">Bioethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1414" type="text/json">{"id":1414,"name":"Bioethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioethics?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7437" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Disparities">Health Disparities</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7437" type="text/json">{"id":7437,"name":"Health Disparities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Disparities?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12834" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law">Health Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12834" type="text/json">{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3387707]'), work: {"id":3387707,"title":"3rd International Society of Advance Care Planning and End of Life Care (ACPEL) Conference, May-June 2012, Chicago, IL, USA","created_at":"2013-04-25T14:57:50.895-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3387707/3rd_International_Society_of_Advance_Care_Planning_and_End_of_Life_Care_ACPEL_Conference_May_June_2012_Chicago_IL_USA?f_ri=12834","dom_id":"work_3387707","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31181181,"asset_id":3387707,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3923192,"first_name":"Andem","last_name":"Effiong","domain_name":"upenn","page_name":"AndemEffiong","display_name":"Andem Effiong","profile_url":"https://upenn.academia.edu/AndemEffiong?f_ri=12834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":620,"name":"Internal Medicine (General Medicine)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internal_Medicine_General_Medicine_?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":1414,"name":"Bioethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioethics?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":7437,"name":"Health Disparities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Disparities?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":17969,"name":"Health Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Policy?f_ri=12834"},{"id":22800,"name":"Health Reform","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Reform?f_ri=12834"},{"id":28023,"name":"Palliative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palliative_Medicine?f_ri=12834"},{"id":63496,"name":"Minority Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Minority_Health?f_ri=12834"},{"id":108407,"name":"End Stage Renal Failure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/End_Stage_Renal_Failure?f_ri=12834"},{"id":321267,"name":"Advance Care Planning in Chronic Ilness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Advance_Care_Planning_in_Chronic_Ilness?f_ri=12834"},{"id":341402,"name":"Cochrane Systematic Reviews","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cochrane_Systematic_Reviews?f_ri=12834"},{"id":675314,"name":"Advance Care Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Advance_Care_Planning?f_ri=12834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35738157 coauthored" data-work_id="35738157" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35738157/The_Federal_Right_to_Try_Act_of_2017_A_Wrong_Turn_for_Access_to_Investigational_Drugs_and_the_Path_Forward">The Federal Right to Try Act of 2017 —A Wrong Turn for Access to Investigational Drugs and the Path Forward</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Although the emotional appeals on behalf of patients who are terminally ill and concerns about government intrusions are understandable, the proposed federal Right to Try legislation would not create an alternative and realistic mechanism... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35738157" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Although the emotional appeals on behalf of patients who are<br />terminally ill and concerns about government intrusions are understandable, the proposed federal Right to Try legislation would not<br />create an alternative and realistic mechanism for pre-approval access<br />to investigational drugs.Rather, by removing the FDA from the<br />process, companies would have fewer incentives to provide their<br />investigational products to very sick patients. Instead of undercutting<br />the FDA, Congress should focus on pragmatic reforms. Efforts<br />to expand patient access to investigational medical products, however<br />well intentioned, should not harm drug development or clinical<br />trials.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35738157" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="eca80023f1629e9f7665c1e579e6854e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55612333,"asset_id":35738157,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55612333/download_file?st=MTczMjM5MzQ3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26762" href="https://nyumc.academia.edu/AlisonBatemanHouse">Alison Bateman-House</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="26762" type="text/json">{"id":26762,"first_name":"Alison","last_name":"Bateman-House","domain_name":"nyumc","page_name":"AlisonBatemanHouse","display_name":"Alison Bateman-House","profile_url":"https://nyumc.academia.edu/AlisonBatemanHouse?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26762/4417742/12339860/s65_alison.bateman-house.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-35738157">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-35738157"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/ChristopherRobertson10">Christopher Robertson</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-35738157'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-35738157').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35738157 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35738157"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35738157, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35738157", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_35738157 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35738157; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_35738157"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_35738157 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35738157"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35738157; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35738157]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35738157").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35738157").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35738157"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1414" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioethics">Bioethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1414" type="text/json">{"id":1414,"name":"Bioethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioethics?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12834" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law">Health Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12834" type="text/json">{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="88815" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legislation">Legislation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="88815" type="text/json">{"id":88815,"name":"Legislation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legislation?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="511052" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Regulatory_Affairs">Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="511052" type="text/json">{"id":511052,"name":"Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Regulatory_Affairs?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35738157]'), work: {"id":35738157,"title":"The Federal Right to Try Act of 2017 —A Wrong Turn for Access to Investigational Drugs and the Path Forward","created_at":"2018-01-23T03:26:29.283-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35738157/The_Federal_Right_to_Try_Act_of_2017_A_Wrong_Turn_for_Access_to_Investigational_Drugs_and_the_Path_Forward?f_ri=12834","dom_id":"work_35738157","summary":"Although the emotional appeals on behalf of patients who are\nterminally ill and concerns about government intrusions are understandable, the proposed federal Right to Try legislation would not\ncreate an alternative and realistic mechanism for pre-approval access\nto investigational drugs.Rather, by removing the FDA from the\nprocess, companies would have fewer incentives to provide their\ninvestigational products to very sick patients. Instead of undercutting\nthe FDA, Congress should focus on pragmatic reforms. Efforts\nto expand patient access to investigational medical products, however\nwell intentioned, should not harm drug development or clinical\ntrials.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55612333,"asset_id":35738157,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":26762,"first_name":"Alison","last_name":"Bateman-House","domain_name":"nyumc","page_name":"AlisonBatemanHouse","display_name":"Alison Bateman-House","profile_url":"https://nyumc.academia.edu/AlisonBatemanHouse?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26762/4417742/12339860/s65_alison.bateman-house.jpg"},{"id":46923688,"first_name":"Christopher","last_name":"Robertson","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ChristopherRobertson10","display_name":"Christopher Robertson","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ChristopherRobertson10?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/46923688/12396230/13798001/s65_christopher.robertson.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1414,"name":"Bioethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioethics?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":88815,"name":"Legislation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legislation?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":511052,"name":"Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Regulatory_Affairs?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":1723635,"name":"Public Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy?f_ri=12834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31317731 coauthored" data-work_id="31317731" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31317731/The_Right_to_Mental_Health_in_the_Digital_Era">The Right to Mental Health in the Digital Era</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">People with mental illness usually experience higher rates of disability and mortality. Often, health care systems do not adequately respond to the burden of mental disorders worldwide. The number of health care providers dealing with... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31317731" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">People with mental illness usually experience higher rates of<br />disability and mortality. Often, health care systems do not<br />adequately respond to the burden of mental disorders<br />worldwide. The number of health care providers dealing<br />with mental health care is insufficient in many countries.<br />Equal access to necessary health services should be granted<br />to mentally ill people without any discrimination. E-mental<br />health is expected to enhance the quality of care as well as<br />accessibility, availability and affordability of services. This<br />paper examines under what conditions e-mental health can<br />contribute to realising the right to health by using the availability,<br />accessibility, acceptability and quality (AAAQ) framework<br />that is developed by the Committee on Economic,<br />Social and Cultural Rights. Research shows e-mental health<br />facilitates dissemination of information, remote consultation<br />and patient monitoring and might increase access to mental<br />health care. Furthermore, patient participation might<br />increase, and stigma and discrimination might be reduced<br />by the use of e-mental health. However, e-mental health<br />might not increase the access to health care for everyone,<br />such as the digitally illiterate or those who do not have<br />access to the Internet. The affordability of this service, when<br />it is not covered by insurance, can be a barrier to access to<br />this service. In addition, not all e-mental health services are<br />acceptable and of good quality. Policy makers should adopt<br />new legal policies to respond to the present and future<br />developments of modern technologies in health, as well as<br />e-Mental health. To analyse the impact of e-mental health<br />on the right to health, additional research is necessary.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31317731" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8c32bc909268d17dff7c5f5175eb40ab" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54018224,"asset_id":31317731,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54018224/download_file?st=MTczMjM5MzQ3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="29798763" href="https://eur.academia.edu/FKokabi">Fatemeh Kokabisaghi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="29798763" type="text/json">{"id":29798763,"first_name":"Fatemeh","last_name":"Kokabisaghi","domain_name":"eur","page_name":"FKokabi","display_name":"Fatemeh Kokabisaghi","profile_url":"https://eur.academia.edu/FKokabi?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/29798763/10680139/30217388/s65_fatemeh.kokabisaghi.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-31317731">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-31317731"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/IrisBakx">Iris Bakx</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/blertazenelaj">Blerta Zenelaj</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-31317731'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-31317731').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31317731 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31317731"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31317731, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31317731", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_31317731 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31317731; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_31317731"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_31317731 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31317731"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31317731; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31317731]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31317731").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31317731").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31317731"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2827" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Health">Mental Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2827" type="text/json">{"id":2827,"name":"Mental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Health?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12834" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law">Health Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12834" type="text/json">{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16288" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health">Public Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16288" type="text/json">{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23324" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Telemedicine">Telemedicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="23324" type="text/json">{"id":23324,"name":"Telemedicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Telemedicine?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31317731]'), work: {"id":31317731,"title":"The Right to Mental Health in the Digital Era","created_at":"2017-02-08T21:54:58.617-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31317731/The_Right_to_Mental_Health_in_the_Digital_Era?f_ri=12834","dom_id":"work_31317731","summary":"People with mental illness usually experience higher rates of\ndisability and mortality. Often, health care systems do not\nadequately respond to the burden of mental disorders\nworldwide. The number of health care providers dealing\nwith mental health care is insufficient in many countries.\nEqual access to necessary health services should be granted\nto mentally ill people without any discrimination. E-mental\nhealth is expected to enhance the quality of care as well as\naccessibility, availability and affordability of services. This\npaper examines under what conditions e-mental health can\ncontribute to realising the right to health by using the availability,\naccessibility, acceptability and quality (AAAQ) framework\nthat is developed by the Committee on Economic,\nSocial and Cultural Rights. Research shows e-mental health\nfacilitates dissemination of information, remote consultation\nand patient monitoring and might increase access to mental\nhealth care. Furthermore, patient participation might\nincrease, and stigma and discrimination might be reduced\nby the use of e-mental health. However, e-mental health\nmight not increase the access to health care for everyone,\nsuch as the digitally illiterate or those who do not have\naccess to the Internet. The affordability of this service, when\nit is not covered by insurance, can be a barrier to access to\nthis service. In addition, not all e-mental health services are\nacceptable and of good quality. Policy makers should adopt\nnew legal policies to respond to the present and future\ndevelopments of modern technologies in health, as well as\ne-Mental health. To analyse the impact of e-mental health\non the right to health, additional research is necessary.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54018224,"asset_id":31317731,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":29798763,"first_name":"Fatemeh","last_name":"Kokabisaghi","domain_name":"eur","page_name":"FKokabi","display_name":"Fatemeh Kokabisaghi","profile_url":"https://eur.academia.edu/FKokabi?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/29798763/10680139/30217388/s65_fatemeh.kokabisaghi.jpg"},{"id":59863657,"first_name":"Iris","last_name":"Bakx","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IrisBakx","display_name":"Iris Bakx","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IrisBakx?f_ri=12834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":46648461,"first_name":"Blerta","last_name":"Zenelaj","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"blertazenelaj","display_name":"Blerta Zenelaj","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/blertazenelaj?f_ri=12834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2827,"name":"Mental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Health?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":23324,"name":"Telemedicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Telemedicine?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":32805,"name":"E-Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/E-Health?f_ri=12834"},{"id":256911,"name":"Access to Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Access_to_Health_Care?f_ri=12834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7453657" data-work_id="7453657" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7453657/Study_Effect_of_Wet_Cupping_on_Hemato_logical_Parameters_and_Inflammatory_Proteins_of_Healthy_Iraqi_Men">Study Effect of Wet Cupping on Hemato-logical Parameters and Inflammatory Proteins of Healthy Iraqi Men</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Objective: This paper intends to evaluate inflammatory proteins and hematological factors concurrently blood obtained during the cupping and with the venous blood. Methods: About 30 samples of 10 men participated in this... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7453657" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objective:  This paper intends to evaluate inflammatory proteins and <br />hematological factors  concurrently blood obtained during the <br />cupping and with the venous blood. <br />Methods:  About 30 samples of 10 men participated in this clinical <br />evaluative study aged between 23 and 58 years. The hematological <br />factors were evaluated by by KX-. Cytokines (IL-10) &  hs-CRP were <br />measured by a sensitive sandwich ELISA kit. <br />Results:  Analysis of the results showed  a significant difference  in <br />many of the inflammatory proteins, hematological factors between <br />the venous blood and the cupping blood. <br />Conclusion: Based on the results of the comparison between venous <br />blood and cupping blood, the cupping blood is different, both in <br />components and immunologic response.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7453657" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2a5aba95d08dc757ff90f41e39fda565" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34032919,"asset_id":7453657,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34032919/download_file?st=MTczMjM5MzQ3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6882299" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ajpctorg">Am Jour of Phytomed & Clinical Therapeut</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6882299" type="text/json">{"id":6882299,"first_name":"Am Jour of Phytomed","last_name":"\u0026 Clinical Therapeut","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ajpctorg","display_name":"Am Jour of Phytomed \u0026 Clinical Therapeut","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ajpctorg?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6882299/2735031/6716662/s65_am_jour_of_phytomed._clinical_therapeut.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7453657 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7453657"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7453657, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7453657", }); 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The hematological \r\nfactors were evaluated by by KX-. Cytokines (IL-10) \u0026 hs-CRP were \r\nmeasured by a sensitive sandwich ELISA kit.\r\nResults: Analysis of the results showed a significant difference in \r\nmany of the inflammatory proteins, hematological factors between \r\nthe venous blood and the cupping blood.\r\nConclusion: Based on the results of the comparison between venous \r\nblood and cupping blood, the cupping blood is different, both in \r\ncomponents and immunologic response.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34032919,"asset_id":7453657,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6882299,"first_name":"Am Jour of Phytomed","last_name":"\u0026 Clinical Therapeut","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ajpctorg","display_name":"Am Jour of Phytomed \u0026 Clinical 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FÖLDESOVÁ MOTAJOVÁ, Z. - GLASA, J. - GLASOVÁ, H. - HLAVA, P. - CHANDOGOVÁ, E. - KNIEŽOVÁ, J. - KOSTIČOVÁ, M. - ŠTOFKO, J. - TESAŘ, T. - TRIZULJAKOVÁ, J.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37246587" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">OZOROVSKÝ, V. - VOJTEKOVÁ, I. - BANDURA, P.  - BOROVSKÝ, J.  - CAPÍKOVÁ, S.  - FÖLDESOVÁ MOTAJOVÁ, Z. - GLASA, J. - GLASOVÁ, H.  - HLAVA, P.  - CHANDOGOVÁ, E.  - KNIEŽOVÁ, J. - KOSTIČOVÁ, M. - ŠTOFKO, J.  - TESAŘ, T.  - TRIZULJAKOVÁ, J.  - VESELSKÁ, M. - ŽIARAN, S.:  Zdravotnícky manažment a financovanie. 1. vyd. Bratislava: Wolters Kluwer s. r. o., 2016. 344 s. ISBN 978-80-8168-522-4 (brož.) ISBN 978- 80-8168-523-1 (e-book).<br />The book in Slovak, bringing a systematic overview and exlanation of contemporary health care management and financing issues in Slovakia, such as HTA, health economy, health law, cross-boarder health care, quality management, patient safety, clinical trials, etc.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37246587" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="53a824ead761c09f7d156b6e74899566" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57199334,"asset_id":37246587,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57199334/download_file?st=MTczMjM5MzQ3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35482763" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SilviaCapikova">Silvia Capikova</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35482763" type="text/json">{"id":35482763,"first_name":"Silvia","last_name":"Capikova","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SilviaCapikova","display_name":"Silvia Capikova","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SilviaCapikova?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/35482763/19985589/19773224/s65_silvia.capikova.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37246587 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37246587"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37246587, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37246587", }); 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Bratislava: Wolters Kluwer s. r. o., 2016. 344 s. ISBN 978-80-8168-522-4 (brož.) ISBN 978- 80-8168-523-1 (e-book).\nThe book in Slovak, bringing a systematic overview and exlanation of contemporary health care management and financing issues in Slovakia, such as HTA, health economy, health law, cross-boarder health care, quality management, patient safety, clinical trials, etc.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57199334,"asset_id":37246587,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35482763,"first_name":"Silvia","last_name":"Capikova","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SilviaCapikova","display_name":"Silvia Capikova","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SilviaCapikova?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/35482763/19985589/19773224/s65_silvia.capikova.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":21559,"name":"Health Care Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care_Management?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":103337,"name":"Public Health, Health Economics, Health System Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health_Health_Economics_Health_System_Research?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":175746,"name":"Health Technology Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Technology_Assessment?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":542030,"name":"Cross-border health care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-border_health_care?f_ri=12834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1298980" data-work_id="1298980" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1298980/Le_don_d_organes_entre_gratuit%C3%A9_et_mod%C3%A8les_de_r%C3%A9compense_quels_instruments_%C3%A9tatiques_face_%C3%A0_la_p%C3%A9nurie_d_organes">Le don d’organes entre gratuité et modèles de récompense: quels instruments étatiques face à la pénurie d’organes?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">La médecine de transplantation représente un progrès médical considérable. Son succès est toutefois limité par un problème majeur, une pénurie chronique d’organes. Ce contexte de pénurie accentue davantage le rôle de l’Etat dans le... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1298980" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">La médecine de transplantation représente un progrès médical considérable. Son succès est toutefois limité par un problème majeur, une pénurie chronique d’organes. Ce contexte de pénurie accentue davantage le rôle de l’Etat dans le domaine de la transplantation. <br /> <br />Qualifiant la pénurie d’organes de problème de santé publique, la présente recherche propose une réflexion sur les instruments étatiques visant à augmenter le nombre d’organes disponibles. D’une part, cet ouvrage fait état des enjeux médicaux et économiques de la médecine de transplantation et analyse les cadres juridique, sociologique et éthique du don d’organes. Sur cette base, il présente d’autre part l’idée d’une politique publique de promotion du don d’organes. Cette politique publique peut recourir à des instruments incitatifs, sous la forme de modèles de récompense au don. <br /> <br />La présente recherche démontre que des modèles de récompense étatiques permettent de promouvoir le don d’organes, sans toutefois remettre en cause le principe de la gratuité du don. Elle définit et évalue plusieurs modèles, fournit des exemples de mise en pratique dans d’autres pays et propose les modifications législatives nécessaires pour réaliser de tels modèles en Suisse. <br /> <br />Contenu : <br />- Enjeux médicaux et économiques de la transplantation <br />- Cadres juridique, sociologique et éthique du don d’organes <br />- Rôle de l’Etat et disponibilité des organes (perspective de santé publique et réalisation des droits fondamentaux) <br />- Validité du consentement et statut juridique des organes <br />- Modèles envisageables de récompense au don d’organes.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1298980" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="abc3970e3b712e69e8ff9e5e05b6db7c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":8228475,"asset_id":1298980,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/8228475/download_file?st=MTczMjM5MzQ3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1157446" href="https://unine.academia.edu/MelanieLevyMader">Melanie Levy</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1157446" type="text/json">{"id":1157446,"first_name":"Melanie","last_name":"Levy","domain_name":"unine","page_name":"MelanieLevyMader","display_name":"Melanie Levy","profile_url":"https://unine.academia.edu/MelanieLevyMader?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1157446/408939/16633988/s65_melanie._mader_levy.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1298980 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1298980"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1298980, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1298980", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1298980]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1298980").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1298980").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1298980"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1652" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Law">Medical Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1652" type="text/json">{"id":1652,"name":"Medical Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2094" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health_Law">Public Health Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2094" type="text/json">{"id":2094,"name":"Public Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12834" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law">Health Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12834" type="text/json">{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16288" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health">Public Health</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16288" type="text/json">{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1298980]'), work: {"id":1298980,"title":"Le don d’organes entre gratuité et modèles de récompense: quels instruments étatiques face à la pénurie d’organes?","created_at":"2012-01-27T03:22:34.421-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1298980/Le_don_d_organes_entre_gratuit%C3%A9_et_mod%C3%A8les_de_r%C3%A9compense_quels_instruments_%C3%A9tatiques_face_%C3%A0_la_p%C3%A9nurie_d_organes?f_ri=12834","dom_id":"work_1298980","summary":"La médecine de transplantation représente un progrès médical considérable. Son succès est toutefois limité par un problème majeur, une pénurie chronique d’organes. Ce contexte de pénurie accentue davantage le rôle de l’Etat dans le domaine de la transplantation.\r\n\r\nQualifiant la pénurie d’organes de problème de santé publique, la présente recherche propose une réflexion sur les instruments étatiques visant à augmenter le nombre d’organes disponibles. D’une part, cet ouvrage fait état des enjeux médicaux et économiques de la médecine de transplantation et analyse les cadres juridique, sociologique et éthique du don d’organes. Sur cette base, il présente d’autre part l’idée d’une politique publique de promotion du don d’organes. Cette politique publique peut recourir à des instruments incitatifs, sous la forme de modèles de récompense au don.\r\n\r\nLa présente recherche démontre que des modèles de récompense étatiques permettent de promouvoir le don d’organes, sans toutefois remettre en cause le principe de la gratuité du don. Elle définit et évalue plusieurs modèles, fournit des exemples de mise en pratique dans d’autres pays et propose les modifications législatives nécessaires pour réaliser de tels modèles en Suisse.\r\n\r\nContenu :\r\n- Enjeux médicaux et économiques de la transplantation\r\n- Cadres juridique, sociologique et éthique du don d’organes\r\n- Rôle de l’Etat et disponibilité des organes (perspective de santé publique et réalisation des droits fondamentaux)\r\n- Validité du consentement et statut juridique des organes\r\n- Modèles envisageables de récompense au don d’organes.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":8228475,"asset_id":1298980,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1157446,"first_name":"Melanie","last_name":"Levy","domain_name":"unine","page_name":"MelanieLevyMader","display_name":"Melanie Levy","profile_url":"https://unine.academia.edu/MelanieLevyMader?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1157446/408939/16633988/s65_melanie._mader_levy.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1652,"name":"Medical Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":2094,"name":"Public Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":17378,"name":"Organ Donation and Transplantation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organ_Donation_and_Transplantation?f_ri=12834"},{"id":397179,"name":"Incentives for organ donation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentives_for_organ_donation?f_ri=12834"},{"id":397184,"name":"Organ shortage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organ_shortage?f_ri=12834"},{"id":1723635,"name":"Public Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy?f_ri=12834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_82228678" data-work_id="82228678" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/82228678/International_Perspectives_on_End_of_Life_Law_Reform">International Perspectives on End-of-Life Law Reform</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Much has been written about whether end-of-life law should change and what that law should be. However, the barriers and facilitators of such changes – law reform perspectives – have been virtually ignored. Why do so many attempts to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_82228678" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Much has been written about whether end-of-life law should change and what that law should be. However, the barriers and facilitators of such changes – law reform perspectives – have been virtually ignored. Why do so many attempts to change the law fail but others are successful? International Perspectives on End-of-Life Law Reform aims to address this question by drawing on ten case studies of end-of-life law reform from the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, the Netherlands, Belgium and Australia. Written by leading end-of-life scholars, the book&#39;s chapters blend perspectives from law, medicine, bioethics and sociology to examine sustained reform efforts to permit assisted dying and change the law about withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining treatment. Findings from this book shed light not only on changing end-of-life law, but provide insight more generally into how and why law reform succeeds in complex and controversial social policy areas.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/82228678" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="83728332" href="https://unlv.academia.edu/DavidOrentlicher">David Orentlicher</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="83728332" type="text/json">{"id":83728332,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Orentlicher","domain_name":"unlv","page_name":"DavidOrentlicher","display_name":"David Orentlicher","profile_url":"https://unlv.academia.edu/DavidOrentlicher?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/83728332/72153819/60612894/s65_david.orentlicher.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_82228678 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="82228678"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 82228678, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_82228678", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_82228678 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82228678; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_82228678"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_82228678 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="82228678"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82228678; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82228678]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_82228678").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_82228678").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="82228678"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="534" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law">Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="534" type="text/json">{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="814" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics">Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="814" type="text/json">{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1414" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioethics">Bioethics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1414" type="text/json">{"id":1414,"name":"Bioethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioethics?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=82228678]'), work: {"id":82228678,"title":"International Perspectives on End-of-Life Law Reform","created_at":"2022-06-26T21:39:25.249-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/82228678/International_Perspectives_on_End_of_Life_Law_Reform?f_ri=12834","dom_id":"work_82228678","summary":"Much has been written about whether end-of-life law should change and what that law should be. However, the barriers and facilitators of such changes – law reform perspectives – have been virtually ignored. Why do so many attempts to change the law fail but others are successful? International Perspectives on End-of-Life Law Reform aims to address this question by drawing on ten case studies of end-of-life law reform from the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, the Netherlands, Belgium and Australia. Written by leading end-of-life scholars, the book\u0026#39;s chapters blend perspectives from law, medicine, bioethics and sociology to examine sustained reform efforts to permit assisted dying and change the law about withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining treatment. Findings from this book shed light not only on changing end-of-life law, but provide insight more generally into how and why law reform succeeds in complex and controversial social policy areas.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":83728332,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Orentlicher","domain_name":"unlv","page_name":"DavidOrentlicher","display_name":"David Orentlicher","profile_url":"https://unlv.academia.edu/DavidOrentlicher?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/83728332/72153819/60612894/s65_david.orentlicher.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":1414,"name":"Bioethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioethics?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=12834"},{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=12834"},{"id":65664,"name":"End-of-life decisions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/End-of-life_decisions?f_ri=12834"},{"id":72365,"name":"Medico Legal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medico_Legal?f_ri=12834"},{"id":111366,"name":"Law reform","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_reform?f_ri=12834"},{"id":510329,"name":"End of Life Issues","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/End_of_Life_Issues?f_ri=12834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7038676" data-work_id="7038676" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7038676/Fig_4b_Polish_Healthcare_System_since_2004">Fig.4b. Polish Healthcare System since 2004</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">NOTE: Since January 2015 the Director of NHF is appointed by the Minister of Health (no longer by the Prime Minister) + other changes</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7038676" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4dcdb74f0a6f57ff7f222b720d5c60d1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33693515,"asset_id":7038676,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33693515/download_file?st=MTczMjM5MzQ3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8767703" href="https://jagiellonian.academia.edu/Micha%C5%82ZabdyrJamr%C3%B3z">Michał Zabdyr-Jamróz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8767703" type="text/json">{"id":8767703,"first_name":"Michał","last_name":"Zabdyr-Jamróz","domain_name":"jagiellonian","page_name":"MichałZabdyrJamróz","display_name":"Michał Zabdyr-Jamróz","profile_url":"https://jagiellonian.academia.edu/Micha%C5%82ZabdyrJamr%C3%B3z?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/325352150d0131af041dbca4e1072c2c?s=65"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7038676 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7038676"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7038676, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7038676", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_7038676 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7038676; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_7038676"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_7038676 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7038676"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7038676; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7038676]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7038676").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7038676").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7038676"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12834" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law">Health Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12834" type="text/json">{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16288" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health">Public Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16288" type="text/json">{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27363" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poland">Poland</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27363" type="text/json">{"id":27363,"name":"Poland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poland?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40536" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Systems">Health Systems</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="40536" type="text/json">{"id":40536,"name":"Health Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Systems?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7038676]'), work: {"id":7038676,"title":"Fig.4b. 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u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19589745" data-work_id="19589745" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19589745/RESPONSABILIDADE_CIVIL_DO_M%C3%89DICO_E_CONSENTIMENTO_INFORMADO_NA_VIS%C3%83O_DO_SUPERIOR_TRIBUNAL_DE_JUSTI%C3%87A_STJ">RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL DO MÉDICO E CONSENTIMENTO INFORMADO NA VISÃO DO SUPERIOR TRIBUNAL DE JUSTIÇA - STJ</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Este estudo parte da relação privada entre o médico seu paciente considerando-a uma relação de consumo, com a aplicação das regras e princípios do Código de Defesa do Consumidor – CDC. Caracterizada a informação como direito subjetivo do... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19589745" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Este estudo parte da relação privada entre o médico seu paciente considerando-a<br />uma relação de consumo, com a aplicação das regras e princípios do Código de<br />Defesa do Consumidor – CDC. Caracterizada a informação como direito subjetivo do<br />paciente, analisa-se de que modo pode, e deve, ocorrer a materialização deste<br />dever pelo médico enquanto fornecedor. Assim, busca-se demonstrar que o direito à<br />informação constitui-se como um direito básico do paciente-consumidor, havendo<br />inclusive regras deontológicas que versam sobre a matéria, para, ao final, verificar<br />como deve ser manifestado seu consentimento para que se considere adimplida a<br />obrigação médica informacional segundo a doutrina especializada. Por fim, analisase<br />o posicionamento do Superior Tribunal de Justiça – STJ, através de estudo<br />pormenorizado de sua jurisprudência.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19589745" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e01a6931297371257a75457de9f85e9d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40714270,"asset_id":19589745,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40714270/download_file?st=MTczMjM5MzQ3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1030194" href="https://unicap.academia.edu/ViniciusCalado">Vinicius Calado</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1030194" type="text/json">{"id":1030194,"first_name":"Vinicius","last_name":"Calado","domain_name":"unicap","page_name":"ViniciusCalado","display_name":"Vinicius Calado","profile_url":"https://unicap.academia.edu/ViniciusCalado?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1030194/1731476/32828541/s65_vinicius.calado.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19589745 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19589745"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19589745, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19589745", }); 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Caracterizada a informação como direito subjetivo do\npaciente, analisa-se de que modo pode, e deve, ocorrer a materialização deste\ndever pelo médico enquanto fornecedor. Assim, busca-se demonstrar que o direito à\ninformação constitui-se como um direito básico do paciente-consumidor, havendo\ninclusive regras deontológicas que versam sobre a matéria, para, ao final, verificar\ncomo deve ser manifestado seu consentimento para que se considere adimplida a\nobrigação médica informacional segundo a doutrina especializada. Por fim, analisase\no posicionamento do Superior Tribunal de Justiça – STJ, através de estudo\npormenorizado de sua jurisprudência.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40714270,"asset_id":19589745,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1030194,"first_name":"Vinicius","last_name":"Calado","domain_name":"unicap","page_name":"ViniciusCalado","display_name":"Vinicius Calado","profile_url":"https://unicap.academia.edu/ViniciusCalado?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1030194/1731476/32828541/s65_vinicius.calado.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":106568,"name":"Direito Do Consumidor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Direito_Do_Consumidor?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":1589835,"name":"Direito Médico","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Direito_Medico?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":1934163,"name":"Direito da Saúde","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Direito_da_Sa%C3%BAde?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38444174" data-work_id="38444174" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38444174/A_SYSTEM_IN_CRISIS_ETHICAL_CONCERNS_ABOUT_ZIMBABWEAN_HEALTHCARE_IN_THE_21ST_CENTURY">A SYSTEM IN CRISIS: ETHICAL CONCERNS ABOUT ZIMBABWEAN HEALTHCARE IN THE 21ST CENTURY.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Health care services in post-independent Zimbabwe have undergone turbulence with periods of seemingly significant improvements and other periods of definite decline. This thesis looks at health-care systems in general and in particular,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38444174" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Health care services in post-independent Zimbabwe have undergone turbulence with periods of seemingly significant improvements and other periods of definite decline. This thesis looks at health-care systems in general and in particular, the way in which they are reflected through the health-care system of Zimbabwean.  Ethical issues and challenges in health care can take many forms ranging from debates and discussions on the fairness or the lack thereof in the health-care reform process, the ethics of inter-professional relationships, the ethical problems with doctor-patient relationships, the state of advocacy in health matters, and patient rights, ethical perspectives influencing discourses on health systems, the ethics of health-care funding, and debates on access to health care. This thesis reflects on the complexities of the challenges, needs and reform requirements of the Zimbabwean situation. <br />A critical analysis of the ethical principles, their impact on the Zimbabwe health care system, using largely the principlist approach as enunciated by Beauchamp and Childress (2013), is conducted. Other moral theories such as the social contract theory is also discussed in some detail because of its important application to issues related to health care. A whole chapter is dedicated to the principle of distributive justice and its relevance and implications for the health care systems in general, but also with particular relevance to the situation in Zimbabwe.  Lack of or inadequate insurance is the biggest economic hurdle in accessing health care in many low income countries. There are two main arguments, which appear to support some sort of moral right to a health care funded by the government – “the collective social protection” and the “fair opportunity arguments” (Beauchamp & Childress, 2013). Both of these arguments are discussed in detail. Right to health and right health care are two concepts which confuse a lot of readers because they are close but refer to different dimensions of the concept of health. They are discussed with a particular emphasis on the ethical issues involving allocation of health resources, rationing and setting of priorities. This thesis winds up by looking at the possible solutions to the health crisis in Zimbabwe. The much-flaunted National Health Insurance, amongst other possible remedies, is analyzed. A list of recommendations is outlined, in the last chapter.<br /><br /><br />OPSOMMING<br />Gesondheidsorgdienste in post-onafhanklike Zimbabwe het turbulensie ondergaan met periodes van oënskynlik beduidende verbeteringe en ander tydperke van definitiewe afname. Hierdie tesis ontleed gesondheidsorgstelsels in die algemee, met spesiale verwysing na die gesondheidsorgstelsel van Zimbabwiese. Etiese kwessies en uitdagings in gesondheidsorg kan baie vorme van debatte aanneem, byvoordeeld besprekings oor die regverdigheid of die gebrek daaraan in die hervormingsproses vir gesondheidsorg, die etiek van interprofessionele verhoudings, die etiese probleme met doktor-pasiëntverhoudinge, die staat van voorspraak in gesondheidsake, pasiënt-regte, etiese perspektiewe wat diskoerse op gesondheidstelsels beïnvloed, die etiek van gesondheidsorgbefondsing en debatte oor toegang tot gesondheidsorg. Hierdie tesis bespreek die kompleksiteit van die uitdagings, behoeftes en hervormingsvereistes van die Zimbabwiese situasie. ‘n Kritiese analise van die etiese beginsels en die impak daarvan op die Zimbabwiese gesondheidsorgstelsel, word hoofsaaklik gebruik deur die beginsel-benadering van Beauchamp en Childress (2013). Ander morele teorieë soos die sosiale kontrakteorie word ook bespreek as gevolg van die belangrike toepassing daarvan op probleme wat verband hou met gesondheidsorg. 'n Hele hoofstuk word gewy aan die beginsel van distributiewe geregtigheid en die relevansie en implikasies daarvan vir die gesondheidsorgstelsels in die algemeen, maar ook met betrekking tot die situasie in Zimbabwe. Gebrek aan of onvoldoende versekering is die grootste ekonomiese struikelblok in die verkryging van gesondheidsorg in baie lae-inkomste lande. Daar is twee hoofargumente wat blykbaar 'n morele reg op 'n gesondheidsorg wat deur die regering befonds word - "die kollektiewe sosiale beskerming" en die "billike geleentheidargumente" (Beauchamp & Childress, 2013) - ondersteun. Albei hierdie argumente word breedvoerig bespreek. Reg op gesondheid en regte gesondheidsorg is twee konsepte wat baie lesers verwar omdat hulle betekenisse verwant is, maar hulle tog onderskeidelik verwys na verskillende dimensies van die konsep van gesondheid. Hulle word bespreek met spesifieke klem op die etiese kwessies wat die toekenning van gesondheidsbronne, rantsoenering en die opstel van prioriteite insluit. Hierdie tesis druk ook deur na moontlike oplossings vir die gesondheidskrisis in Zimbabwe. Die veelbelowende Nasionale Gesondheidsversekering, word onder andere ontleed. 'n Lys aanbevelings word in die laaste hoofstuk uiteengesit.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38444174" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="313379df862503be6350807579630fdf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58506023,"asset_id":38444174,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58506023/download_file?st=MTczMjM5MzQ3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="40858761" href="https://gwu.academia.edu/DrDrFarayiMoyanaBDSPhD">Dr (Dr) Farayi Moyana (BDS, PhD)</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="40858761" type="text/json">{"id":40858761,"first_name":"Dr (Dr) Farayi","last_name":"Moyana (BDS, PhD)","domain_name":"gwu","page_name":"DrDrFarayiMoyanaBDSPhD","display_name":"Dr (Dr) Farayi Moyana (BDS, PhD)","profile_url":"https://gwu.academia.edu/DrDrFarayiMoyanaBDSPhD?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40858761/11329838/62740063/s65_dr_dr_farayi.moyana_phd_.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38444174 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38444174"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38444174, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38444174", }); 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This thesis looks at health-care systems in general and in particular, the way in which they are reflected through the health-care system of Zimbabwean. Ethical issues and challenges in health care can take many forms ranging from debates and discussions on the fairness or the lack thereof in the health-care reform process, the ethics of inter-professional relationships, the ethical problems with doctor-patient relationships, the state of advocacy in health matters, and patient rights, ethical perspectives influencing discourses on health systems, the ethics of health-care funding, and debates on access to health care. This thesis reflects on the complexities of the challenges, needs and reform requirements of the Zimbabwean situation. \nA critical analysis of the ethical principles, their impact on the Zimbabwe health care system, using largely the principlist approach as enunciated by Beauchamp and Childress (2013), is conducted. Other moral theories such as the social contract theory is also discussed in some detail because of its important application to issues related to health care. A whole chapter is dedicated to the principle of distributive justice and its relevance and implications for the health care systems in general, but also with particular relevance to the situation in Zimbabwe. Lack of or inadequate insurance is the biggest economic hurdle in accessing health care in many low income countries. There are two main arguments, which appear to support some sort of moral right to a health care funded by the government – “the collective social protection” and the “fair opportunity arguments” (Beauchamp \u0026 Childress, 2013). Both of these arguments are discussed in detail. Right to health and right health care are two concepts which confuse a lot of readers because they are close but refer to different dimensions of the concept of health. They are discussed with a particular emphasis on the ethical issues involving allocation of health resources, rationing and setting of priorities. This thesis winds up by looking at the possible solutions to the health crisis in Zimbabwe. The much-flaunted National Health Insurance, amongst other possible remedies, is analyzed. A list of recommendations is outlined, in the last chapter.\n\n\nOPSOMMING\nGesondheidsorgdienste in post-onafhanklike Zimbabwe het turbulensie ondergaan met periodes van oënskynlik beduidende verbeteringe en ander tydperke van definitiewe afname. Hierdie tesis ontleed gesondheidsorgstelsels in die algemee, met spesiale verwysing na die gesondheidsorgstelsel van Zimbabwiese. Etiese kwessies en uitdagings in gesondheidsorg kan baie vorme van debatte aanneem, byvoordeeld besprekings oor die regverdigheid of die gebrek daaraan in die hervormingsproses vir gesondheidsorg, die etiek van interprofessionele verhoudings, die etiese probleme met doktor-pasiëntverhoudinge, die staat van voorspraak in gesondheidsake, pasiënt-regte, etiese perspektiewe wat diskoerse op gesondheidstelsels beïnvloed, die etiek van gesondheidsorgbefondsing en debatte oor toegang tot gesondheidsorg. Hierdie tesis bespreek die kompleksiteit van die uitdagings, behoeftes en hervormingsvereistes van die Zimbabwiese situasie. ‘n Kritiese analise van die etiese beginsels en die impak daarvan op die Zimbabwiese gesondheidsorgstelsel, word hoofsaaklik gebruik deur die beginsel-benadering van Beauchamp en Childress (2013). Ander morele teorieë soos die sosiale kontrakteorie word ook bespreek as gevolg van die belangrike toepassing daarvan op probleme wat verband hou met gesondheidsorg. 'n Hele hoofstuk word gewy aan die beginsel van distributiewe geregtigheid en die relevansie en implikasies daarvan vir die gesondheidsorgstelsels in die algemeen, maar ook met betrekking tot die situasie in Zimbabwe. Gebrek aan of onvoldoende versekering is die grootste ekonomiese struikelblok in die verkryging van gesondheidsorg in baie lae-inkomste lande. Daar is twee hoofargumente wat blykbaar 'n morele reg op 'n gesondheidsorg wat deur die regering befonds word - \"die kollektiewe sosiale beskerming\" en die \"billike geleentheidargumente\" (Beauchamp \u0026 Childress, 2013) - ondersteun. Albei hierdie argumente word breedvoerig bespreek. Reg op gesondheid en regte gesondheidsorg is twee konsepte wat baie lesers verwar omdat hulle betekenisse verwant is, maar hulle tog onderskeidelik verwys na verskillende dimensies van die konsep van gesondheid. Hulle word bespreek met spesifieke klem op die etiese kwessies wat die toekenning van gesondheidsbronne, rantsoenering en die opstel van prioriteite insluit. Hierdie tesis druk ook deur na moontlike oplossings vir die gesondheidskrisis in Zimbabwe. Die veelbelowende Nasionale Gesondheidsversekering, word onder andere ontleed. 'n Lys aanbevelings word in die laaste hoofstuk uiteengesit.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58506023,"asset_id":38444174,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":40858761,"first_name":"Dr (Dr) Farayi","last_name":"Moyana (BDS, PhD)","domain_name":"gwu","page_name":"DrDrFarayiMoyanaBDSPhD","display_name":"Dr (Dr) Farayi Moyana (BDS, PhD)","profile_url":"https://gwu.academia.edu/DrDrFarayiMoyanaBDSPhD?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40858761/11329838/62740063/s65_dr_dr_farayi.moyana_phd_.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1414,"name":"Bioethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioethics?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":4443,"name":"Health Care Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care_Policy?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":17969,"name":"Health Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Policy?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":191910,"name":"Dentistry and Orthodontics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dentistry_and_Orthodontics?f_ri=12834"},{"id":1163409,"name":"Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orthodontics_and_Dentofacial_Orthopedics?f_ri=12834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15244914" data-work_id="15244914" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15244914/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96_%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA">Права людини в сфері охорони здоров'я: практичний посібник</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15244914" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fa6ea80f4e7c46ef0839ec8f329f9dea" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38596879,"asset_id":15244914,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38596879/download_file?st=MTczMjM5MzQ3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33635666" href="https://mjoyradio.academia.edu/IrynaSenyuta">Iryna Senyuta</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33635666" type="text/json">{"id":33635666,"first_name":"Iryna","last_name":"Senyuta","domain_name":"mjoyradio","page_name":"IrynaSenyuta","display_name":"Iryna Senyuta","profile_url":"https://mjoyradio.academia.edu/IrynaSenyuta?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33635666/9945995/37039961/s65_iryna.senyuta.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15244914 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15244914"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15244914, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15244914", }); 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Although the article refers to the ongoing Covid19 pandemic, its scope is broader and encompasses... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_53251643" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article explores the rules governing the prevention and control of contagious diseases in occupied territory under international law. Although the article refers to the ongoing Covid19 pandemic, its scope is broader and encompasses instances of state practice that have occurred over the last two centuries. After a careful analysis of the relevant treaties and episodes of state practice, the article concludes that occupying powers have duties under international humanitarian law and international human rights law to prevent and control contagious diseases, through cooperation with the local authorities and bringing the necessary medical supplies in the occupied territory. The article stresses that taking these measures, including facilitating the supply of vaccines, is a duty under international law rather than an arbitrary act of international solidarity.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/53251643" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4ea949204db4db05b0db44e8c1100afa" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":88733679,"asset_id":53251643,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88733679/download_file?st=MTczMjM5MzQ3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44435550" href="https://westminster.academia.edu/MarcoLongobardo">Marco Longobardo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44435550" type="text/json">{"id":44435550,"first_name":"Marco","last_name":"Longobardo","domain_name":"westminster","page_name":"MarcoLongobardo","display_name":"Marco Longobardo","profile_url":"https://westminster.academia.edu/MarcoLongobardo?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44435550/15486091/16096847/s65_marco.longobardo.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_53251643 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="53251643"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 53251643, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_53251643", }); 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Wars</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The eugenics movement provided the motive for dozens of laws that remained in force for more than a century in the United States, a significant number of which specifically targeted people with disabilities for legally sanctioned... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_68407042" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The eugenics movement provided the motive for dozens of laws that remained in force for more than a century in the United States, a significant number of which specifically targeted people with disabilities for legally sanctioned discrimination. Similar laws were adopted around the world, perhaps most notably as part of Hitler’s prelude to the Holocaust. Consequently, we tend to associate the word “eugenics” with all things evil. Yet the underlying message of eugenicists was popular for so long not solely because it denoted coercive legislation but more often because it signaled a hopeful future devoid of social problems. This paper describes how the word “eugenics” is now coming back into common use, and how it has been revived in the service of political objectives, divorced from the period in which it developed and the meaning it had within its earlier historical context. The resulting distortions - directly traceable to the ongoing “culture war” over reproductive rights - sugges...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68407042" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9a8da829f457586448b699f4677be6b6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78892195,"asset_id":68407042,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78892195/download_file?st=MTczMjM5MzQ3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="358547" href="https://gsu.academia.edu/PaulLombardo">Paul A. 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The resulting distortions - directly traceable to the ongoing “culture war” over reproductive rights - sugges...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78892195,"asset_id":68407042,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":358547,"first_name":"Paul A.","last_name":"Lombardo","domain_name":"gsu","page_name":"PaulLombardo","display_name":"Paul A. 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My aim is to share research processes and materials so others can use them. This paper offers a search strategy and annotated bibliography of scholarly... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41367981" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This is an experiment in applying open scholarship principles to legal research. My aim is to share research processes and materials so others can use them. This paper offers a search strategy and annotated bibliography of scholarly research concerned with law, mental health and new and emerging digital technology. I'm using this material for a literature review at present, but I am posting the material here for others to use.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41367981" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0f79a2c6c706c38cef1bb0630da067f5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61809114,"asset_id":41367981,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61809114/download_file?st=MTczMjM5MzQ3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10426521" href="https://unimelb.academia.edu/PiersGooding">Piers Gooding</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10426521" type="text/json">{"id":10426521,"first_name":"Piers","last_name":"Gooding","domain_name":"unimelb","page_name":"PiersGooding","display_name":"Piers Gooding","profile_url":"https://unimelb.academia.edu/PiersGooding?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10426521/3213571/30601089/s65_piers.gooding.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41367981 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41367981"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41367981, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41367981", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41367981]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41367981").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41367981").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41367981"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2827" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Health">Mental Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2827" type="text/json">{"id":2827,"name":"Mental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Health?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6904" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_health_law">Mental health law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6904" type="text/json">{"id":6904,"name":"Mental health law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_health_law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12834" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law">Health Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12834" type="text/json">{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13495" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology_Law">Information Technology Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="13495" type="text/json">{"id":13495,"name":"Information Technology Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41367981]'), work: {"id":41367981,"title":"Annotated Bibliography - Mental health, digital technology and law","created_at":"2019-12-19T21:46:18.716-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41367981/Annotated_Bibliography_Mental_health_digital_technology_and_law?f_ri=12834","dom_id":"work_41367981","summary":"This is an experiment in applying open scholarship principles to legal research. My aim is to share research processes and materials so others can use them. This paper offers a search strategy and annotated bibliography of scholarly research concerned with law, mental health and new and emerging digital technology. I'm using this material for a literature review at present, but I am posting the material here for others to use.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61809114,"asset_id":41367981,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10426521,"first_name":"Piers","last_name":"Gooding","domain_name":"unimelb","page_name":"PiersGooding","display_name":"Piers Gooding","profile_url":"https://unimelb.academia.edu/PiersGooding?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10426521/3213571/30601089/s65_piers.gooding.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2827,"name":"Mental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Health?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":6904,"name":"Mental health law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_health_law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":13495,"name":"Information Technology Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":871972,"name":"Online Mental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Online_Mental_Health?f_ri=12834"},{"id":1332777,"name":"Digital Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Health?f_ri=12834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7772312" data-work_id="7772312" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7772312/%E9%81%A0%E8%B7%9D%E9%86%AB%E7%99%82%E8%88%87%E9%86%AB%E5%B8%AB%E8%A6%AA%E8%87%AA%E8%A8%BA%E5%AF%9F%E7%BE%A9%E5%8B%99">遠距醫療與醫師親自診察義務</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7772312" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d48b6ee8f9f27d937359051e16dc3e97" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34284765,"asset_id":7772312,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34284765/download_file?st=MTczMjM5MzQ3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12732913" href="https://nctu.academia.edu/ChihHsiungChen">Chih-Hsiung Chen 陳鋕雄</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12732913" type="text/json">{"id":12732913,"first_name":"Chih-Hsiung","last_name":"Chen 陳鋕雄","domain_name":"nctu","page_name":"ChihHsiungChen","display_name":"Chih-Hsiung Chen 陳鋕雄","profile_url":"https://nctu.academia.edu/ChihHsiungChen?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12732913/3621228/4247632/s65_chih-hsiung.chen.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7772312 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7772312"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7772312, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7772312", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7772312]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7772312").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7772312").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7772312"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10303" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Telecare">Telecare</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10303" type="text/json">{"id":10303,"name":"Telecare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Telecare?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12834" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law">Health Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12834" type="text/json">{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1461481" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Telelmedicine">Telelmedicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1461481" type="text/json">{"id":1461481,"name":"Telelmedicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Telelmedicine?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1461483" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_License">Medical License</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1461483" type="text/json">{"id":1461483,"name":"Medical License","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_License?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7772312]'), work: {"id":7772312,"title":"遠距醫療與醫師親自診察義務","created_at":"2014-07-24T15:15:08.075-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7772312/%E9%81%A0%E8%B7%9D%E9%86%AB%E7%99%82%E8%88%87%E9%86%AB%E5%B8%AB%E8%A6%AA%E8%87%AA%E8%A8%BA%E5%AF%9F%E7%BE%A9%E5%8B%99?f_ri=12834","dom_id":"work_7772312","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34284765,"asset_id":7772312,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":12732913,"first_name":"Chih-Hsiung","last_name":"Chen 陳鋕雄","domain_name":"nctu","page_name":"ChihHsiungChen","display_name":"Chih-Hsiung Chen 陳鋕雄","profile_url":"https://nctu.academia.edu/ChihHsiungChen?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12732913/3621228/4247632/s65_chih-hsiung.chen.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10303,"name":"Telecare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Telecare?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":1461481,"name":"Telelmedicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Telelmedicine?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":1461483,"name":"Medical License","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_License?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44170711" data-work_id="44170711" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44170711/TIBB%C4%B0_UYGULAMALARDA_EK%C4%B0P_%C4%B0%C5%9E_B%C4%B0RL%C4%B0%C4%9E%C4%B0_VE_G%C3%9CVEN_%C4%B0LKES%C4%B0">TIBBİ UYGULAMALARDA EKİP İŞ BİRLİĞİ VE GÜVEN İLKESİ</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Çalışmamız kapsamında “Tıbbi Uygulamalarda Ekip İş Birliği Ve Güven İlkesi” konusu incelenmiştir. Tıbbi uygulamalar, insanlığın neredeyse karanlık tarihine kadar uzanmakta ve insanlığın gelişimiyle beraber gelişmekte ve genişlemektedir.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44170711" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Çalışmamız kapsamında “Tıbbi Uygulamalarda Ekip İş Birliği Ve Güven İlkesi” konusu incelenmiştir. Tıbbi uygulamalar, insanlığın neredeyse karanlık tarihine kadar uzanmakta ve insanlığın gelişimiyle beraber gelişmekte ve genişlemektedir. Hekimin doğal lider olarak kabul edildiği tıbbi uygulamaların, tek bir hekimin yetemeyeceği ölçüde gelişmesi sonucu, uzmanlaşma artarken iş birliği de ortaya çıkmıştır. Kişi ve toplum sağlığı için hizmet veren tıp profesyonelleri arasındaki iş birliği çeşitli şekillerde ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bilim ve teknoloji kullanımının artmasıyla tıp profesyonelleri arasında ortaya çıkan uzmanlaşma ve farklılaşma şeklindeki ayrışma nedeniyle bu meslekler birbirinden uzaklaşmış ve son derece teknik meslekler haline gelmiştir. Bu ayrışma arttıkça iş birliğine olan ihtiyaç daha da artmaktadır. Artan ayrışma ve iş birliği ihtiyacı neticesinde, tıp profesyonellerinin birbirinin davranışına güven duyarak hareket etme ihtiyacı belirmiştir. Çalışmamız, birden fazla kişinin yer aldığı tıbbi uygulamalarda ortaya çıkan sorunları belirleme, değerlendirme ve çözüm bulabilmek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmamızda ilk olarak, yol gösterecek ve konunun daha iyi anlaşılmasını sağlayacak bazı temel kavramlar ve sonrasında tıbbi uygulamalarda görev alan meslek profesyonelleri örneklendirilmiştir. Tıpta iş birliğindeki çekirdek yapı olan ekip kavramı ele alınarak ekip içerisindeki yatay ve dikey iş birliği ve ortaya çıkabilecek hukuki durumlar incelenmiştir. Daha sonra birden fazla kişinin hareketi sonucu meydana gelen zararlarda sorumluluğun değerlendirilmesinde kullanılan güven ilkesi incelenerek, güven ilkesi ile ilgili örnekler değerlendirilmiştir.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44170711" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c74c51777d6db6d1888a96899ffff0e2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64529625,"asset_id":44170711,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64529625/download_file?st=MTczMjM5MzQ3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="155733879" href="https://istmedipol.academia.edu/YakupG%C3%B6khanDo%C4%9Framac%C4%B1">Yakup Gökhan Doğramacı</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="155733879" type="text/json">{"id":155733879,"first_name":"Yakup Gökhan","last_name":"Doğramacı","domain_name":"istmedipol","page_name":"YakupGökhanDoğramacı","display_name":"Yakup Gökhan Doğramacı","profile_url":"https://istmedipol.academia.edu/YakupG%C3%B6khanDo%C4%9Framac%C4%B1?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/155733879/43761430/34670095/s65_yakup_g_khan.do_ramac_.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44170711 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44170711"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44170711, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44170711", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_44170711 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44170711; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_44170711"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44170711 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44170711"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44170711; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44170711]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44170711").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44170711").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44170711"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1652" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Law">Medical Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1652" type="text/json">{"id":1652,"name":"Medical Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12834" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law">Health Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12834" type="text/json">{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="147162" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hukuk">Hukuk</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="147162" type="text/json">{"id":147162,"name":"Hukuk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hukuk?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="177256" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Malpractice_Law">Medical Malpractice Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="177256" type="text/json">{"id":177256,"name":"Medical Malpractice Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Malpractice_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44170711]'), work: {"id":44170711,"title":"TIBBİ UYGULAMALARDA EKİP İŞ BİRLİĞİ VE GÜVEN İLKESİ","created_at":"2020-09-26T09:40:28.889-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44170711/TIBB%C4%B0_UYGULAMALARDA_EK%C4%B0P_%C4%B0%C5%9E_B%C4%B0RL%C4%B0%C4%9E%C4%B0_VE_G%C3%9CVEN_%C4%B0LKES%C4%B0?f_ri=12834","dom_id":"work_44170711","summary":"Çalışmamız kapsamında “Tıbbi Uygulamalarda Ekip İş Birliği Ve Güven İlkesi” konusu incelenmiştir. Tıbbi uygulamalar, insanlığın neredeyse karanlık tarihine kadar uzanmakta ve insanlığın gelişimiyle beraber gelişmekte ve genişlemektedir. Hekimin doğal lider olarak kabul edildiği tıbbi uygulamaların, tek bir hekimin yetemeyeceği ölçüde gelişmesi sonucu, uzmanlaşma artarken iş birliği de ortaya çıkmıştır. Kişi ve toplum sağlığı için hizmet veren tıp profesyonelleri arasındaki iş birliği çeşitli şekillerde ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bilim ve teknoloji kullanımının artmasıyla tıp profesyonelleri arasında ortaya çıkan uzmanlaşma ve farklılaşma şeklindeki ayrışma nedeniyle bu meslekler birbirinden uzaklaşmış ve son derece teknik meslekler haline gelmiştir. Bu ayrışma arttıkça iş birliğine olan ihtiyaç daha da artmaktadır. Artan ayrışma ve iş birliği ihtiyacı neticesinde, tıp profesyonellerinin birbirinin davranışına güven duyarak hareket etme ihtiyacı belirmiştir. Çalışmamız, birden fazla kişinin yer aldığı tıbbi uygulamalarda ortaya çıkan sorunları belirleme, değerlendirme ve çözüm bulabilmek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmamızda ilk olarak, yol gösterecek ve konunun daha iyi anlaşılmasını sağlayacak bazı temel kavramlar ve sonrasında tıbbi uygulamalarda görev alan meslek profesyonelleri örneklendirilmiştir. Tıpta iş birliğindeki çekirdek yapı olan ekip kavramı ele alınarak ekip içerisindeki yatay ve dikey iş birliği ve ortaya çıkabilecek hukuki durumlar incelenmiştir. Daha sonra birden fazla kişinin hareketi sonucu meydana gelen zararlarda sorumluluğun değerlendirilmesinde kullanılan güven ilkesi incelenerek, güven ilkesi ile ilgili örnekler değerlendirilmiştir.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64529625,"asset_id":44170711,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":155733879,"first_name":"Yakup Gökhan","last_name":"Doğramacı","domain_name":"istmedipol","page_name":"YakupGökhanDoğramacı","display_name":"Yakup Gökhan Doğramacı","profile_url":"https://istmedipol.academia.edu/YakupG%C3%B6khanDo%C4%9Framac%C4%B1?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/155733879/43761430/34670095/s65_yakup_g_khan.do_ramac_.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1652,"name":"Medical Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":12834,"name":"Health Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":147162,"name":"Hukuk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hukuk?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":177256,"name":"Medical Malpractice Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Malpractice_Law?f_ri=12834","nofollow":false},{"id":450163,"name":"Adli tıp","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adli_tip?f_ri=12834"},{"id":1010568,"name":"Sağlık Yönetimi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sa%C4%9Fl%C4%B1k_Y%C3%B6netimi?f_ri=12834"},{"id":1233401,"name":"SAĞLIK HUKUKU HASTA HAKLARI","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/SAGLIK_HUKUKU_HASTA_HAKLARI?f_ri=12834"},{"id":1487871,"name":"Tıp Hukuku","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tip_Hukuku?f_ri=12834"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25543434" data-work_id="25543434" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25543434/Rethinking_Life_Sustaining_Measures_Questions_for_Queensland">Rethinking Life-Sustaining Measures: Questions for Queensland</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper comprehensively reviews the Queensland legislation that governs decisions to withhold and withdraw life-sustaining medical treatment. It identifies a number of problems with the current law and suggests ways in which it might... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_25543434" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper comprehensively reviews the Queensland legislation that governs decisions to withhold and withdraw life-sustaining medical treatment. It identifies a number of problems with the current law and suggests ways in which it might be improved.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25543434" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a5bcdfef31d0c770bf39258e384c07bb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45875261,"asset_id":25543434,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45875261/download_file?st=MTczMjM5MzQ3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33011220" href="https://qut.academia.edu/BenWhite">Ben White</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33011220" type="text/json">{"id":33011220,"first_name":"Ben","last_name":"White","domain_name":"qut","page_name":"BenWhite","display_name":"Ben White","profile_url":"https://qut.academia.edu/BenWhite?f_ri=12834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25543434 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25543434"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25543434, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25543434", }); 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The other camp advocates the sanctity of life approach, in which life is intrinsically valuable and should be sustained as long as possible. Is <br />there a right answer? <br />    In The Right to Die With Dignity, Raphael Cohen-Almagor takes a balanced approach in analyzing this emotionally charged debate, viewing the dispute uniquely from public policy and international perspectives. This book offers an interdisciplinary, compelling study in medicine, law, religion and ethics. It is, arguably, the most comprehensive book yet to be written on the fascinating question of whether physician-assisted suicide should be allowed. Cohen-Almagor delineates the distinctions between active and passive euthanasia and discusses some of the legal measures that have been invoked in the United States and abroad. He outlines the reasons non-blood relatives should be given a role in deciding a patients’ last wishes. He examines euthanasia policies in the Netherlands and the 1994 Oregon Death with Dignity Act, suggesting improvements to each. Finally, he makes a circumscribed plea for voluntary physician-assisted suicide.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/486308" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b178471d3b377c76a0c5f8077f644084" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44205574,"asset_id":486308,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44205574/download_file?st=MTczMjM5MzQ3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="373292" href="https://hull.academia.edu/RaphaelCohenAlmagor">Raphael Cohen-Almagor</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="373292" type="text/json">{"id":373292,"first_name":"Raphael","last_name":"Cohen-Almagor","domain_name":"hull","page_name":"RaphaelCohenAlmagor","display_name":"Raphael Cohen-Almagor","profile_url":"https://hull.academia.edu/RaphaelCohenAlmagor?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/373292/96730/159257724/s65_maya.chernichenko.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_486308 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="486308"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 486308, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_486308", }); 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The other camp advocates the sanctity of life approach, in which life is intrinsically valuable and should be sustained as long as possible. Is\r\nthere a right answer?\r\n In The Right to Die With Dignity, Raphael Cohen-Almagor takes a balanced approach in analyzing this emotionally charged debate, viewing the dispute uniquely from public policy and international perspectives. This book offers an interdisciplinary, compelling study in medicine, law, religion and ethics. It is, arguably, the most comprehensive book yet to be written on the fascinating question of whether physician-assisted suicide should be allowed. Cohen-Almagor delineates the distinctions between active and passive euthanasia and discusses some of the legal measures that have been invoked in the United States and abroad. He outlines the reasons non-blood relatives should be given a role in deciding a patients’ last wishes. He examines euthanasia policies in the Netherlands and the 1994 Oregon Death with Dignity Act, suggesting improvements to each. 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class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37456542/Pacientes_solo_derechos">Pacientes: ¿solo derechos?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">El presente artículo tiene un objetivo simple y práctico: servir de disparador para el debate que debería darse sobre la relación médico-paciente y la violencia actual que la caracteriza. Y, en última instancia, también constituye un... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37456542" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">El presente artículo tiene un objetivo simple y práctico: servir de disparador para el debate que debería darse sobre la relación médico-paciente y la violencia actual que la caracteriza. Y, en última instancia, también constituye un objetivo -un poco más pretensioso tal vez-, el de contribuir a la paz social.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37456542" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="75b714bb166ca99efa69ca490871892b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57424625,"asset_id":37456542,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57424625/download_file?st=MTczMjM5MzQ3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="79985658" href="https://mdp.academia.edu/AnaInesDiaz">Ana Inés Diaz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="79985658" type="text/json">{"id":79985658,"first_name":"Ana Inés","last_name":"Diaz","domain_name":"mdp","page_name":"AnaInesDiaz","display_name":"Ana Inés Diaz","profile_url":"https://mdp.academia.edu/AnaInesDiaz?f_ri=12834","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/79985658/19545640/30599960/s65_ana_ines.diaz.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37456542 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37456542"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37456542, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37456542", }); 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An Evolving Australian Jurisprudence</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Decisions about whether to withdraw or withhold life-sustaining medical treatment from children give rise to complex and value-laden judgments. While recourse to the courts is uncommon, judicial decisions provide an important source of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37249993" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Decisions about whether to withdraw or withhold life-sustaining medical treatment from children give rise to complex and value-laden judgments. While recourse to the courts is uncommon, judicial decisions provide an important source of guidance for the children (where they can participate), families and health and medical professionals involved in these decisions. Yet, there has been remarkably little consideration of the Australian jurisprudence on this issue. This article addresses that gap by undertaking the first comprehensive analysis of all publicly available Australian cases that consider whether or not it is in a child's best interests to receive life-sustaining treatment. A total of 25 cases were located and the judicial consideration of best interests was thematically analysed. Key considerations (to varying degrees) when assessing best interests included the likelihood of treatment curing or improving the child's health, medical views about diagnosis, prognosis and treatment and the child's and parents' views and wishes. The article concludes that the law requires greater certainty and transparency in decision-making. Given the significance of these cases, judgments should describe the factors that the court considers relevant and important, and those that are less influential, as well as the weight ascribed to those various factors and the reasoning that underpins an assessment that treatment is or is not in a child's best interests.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37249993" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="acc0319974d0022246efe6b20ddb2b0a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57202809,"asset_id":37249993,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57202809/download_file?st=MTczMjM5MzQ3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33011220" href="https://qut.academia.edu/BenWhite">Ben White</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33011220" type="text/json">{"id":33011220,"first_name":"Ben","last_name":"White","domain_name":"qut","page_name":"BenWhite","display_name":"Ben White","profile_url":"https://qut.academia.edu/BenWhite?f_ri=12834","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-37249993">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-37249993"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://deakin.academia.edu/NeeraBhatia">Neera Bhatia</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-37249993'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-37249993').html(); 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An Evolving Australian Jurisprudence","created_at":"2018-08-16T21:09:08.781-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37249993/When_Is_It_in_a_Childs_Best_Interests_to_Withhold_or_Withdraw_Life_sustaining_Treatment_An_Evolving_Australian_Jurisprudence?f_ri=12834","dom_id":"work_37249993","summary":"Decisions about whether to withdraw or withhold life-sustaining medical treatment from children give rise to complex and value-laden judgments. While recourse to the courts is uncommon, judicial decisions provide an important source of guidance for the children (where they can participate), families and health and medical professionals involved in these decisions. Yet, there has been remarkably little consideration of the Australian jurisprudence on this issue. This article addresses that gap by undertaking the first comprehensive analysis of all publicly available Australian cases that consider whether or not it is in a child's best interests to receive life-sustaining treatment. A total of 25 cases were located and the judicial consideration of best interests was thematically analysed. Key considerations (to varying degrees) when assessing best interests included the likelihood of treatment curing or improving the child's health, medical views about diagnosis, prognosis and treatment and the child's and parents' views and wishes. The article concludes that the law requires greater certainty and transparency in decision-making. 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