CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Sustainable sourcing - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"20411230-846d-4e73-889b-66e1b3ab08e2","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Sustainable_sourcing","wgTitle":"Sustainable sourcing","wgCurRevisionId":1257811530,"wgRevisionId":1257811530,"wgArticleId":66981735,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 errors: missing periodical","CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list","Sustainable business","Procurement","Corporate social responsibility"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Sustainable_sourcing","wgRelevantArticleId":66981735,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia", "wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q106012470","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={ "ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging", "ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Sustainable sourcing - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_sourcing"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_sourcing&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_sourcing"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Sustainable_sourcing rootpage-Sustainable_sourcing skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Sustainable+sourcing" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Sustainable+sourcing" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Sustainable+sourcing" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Sustainable+sourcing" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Defining_sustainable_sourcing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defining_sustainable_sourcing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Defining sustainable sourcing</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Defining_sustainable_sourcing-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Defining sustainable sourcing subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Defining_sustainable_sourcing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Environmentally_responsible" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmentally_responsible"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Environmentally responsible</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmentally_responsible-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Socially_responsible" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Socially_responsible"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Socially responsible</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Socially_responsible-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economically_sound" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economically_sound"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Economically sound</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economically_sound-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ensuring_sustainability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ensuring_sustainability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ensuring sustainability</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ensuring_sustainability-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ensuring sustainability subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ensuring_sustainability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Voluntary_Sustainability_Standards_(VSS)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voluntary_Sustainability_Standards_(VSS)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Voluntary Sustainability Standards (VSS)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voluntary_Sustainability_Standards_(VSS)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Voluntary_government-led_certification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voluntary_government-led_certification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Voluntary government-led certification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voluntary_government-led_certification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-NGO_certification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NGO_certification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>NGO certification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-NGO_certification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Multi-stakeholder_Sustainability_Initiatives_(MSIs)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Multi-stakeholder_Sustainability_Initiatives_(MSIs)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>Multi-stakeholder Sustainability Initiatives (MSIs)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Multi-stakeholder_Sustainability_Initiatives_(MSIs)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Company-led_standards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Company-led_standards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.4</span> <span>Company-led standards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Company-led_standards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sustainable_sourcing_in_practice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sustainable_sourcing_in_practice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Sustainable sourcing in practice</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sustainable_sourcing_in_practice-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sustainable sourcing in practice subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sustainable_sourcing_in_practice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-H&M_Group" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#H&M_Group"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>H&M Group</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-H&M_Group-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Patagonia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Patagonia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Patagonia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Patagonia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Costa_Coffee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Costa_Coffee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Costa Coffee</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Costa_Coffee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Addressing_the_challenges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Addressing_the_challenges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Addressing the challenges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Addressing_the_challenges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-UN_Sustainable_Development_Goals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#UN_Sustainable_Development_Goals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>UN Sustainable Development Goals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-UN_Sustainable_Development_Goals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sustainable sourcing</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. Add the article for other languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Add languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span><span class="wb-langlinks-add wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q106012470#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Add interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Add links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_sourcing" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Sustainable_sourcing" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_sourcing"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_sourcing&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_sourcing&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_sourcing"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_sourcing&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_sourcing&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Sustainable_sourcing" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Sustainable_sourcing" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_sourcing&oldid=1257811530" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_sourcing&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Sustainable_sourcing&id=1257811530&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSustainable_sourcing"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSustainable_sourcing"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Sustainable_sourcing&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_sourcing&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q106012470" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Climate_change_and_society" title="Category:Climate change and society">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_and_society" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate change and society">Climate change and<br />society</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_climate_change" title="Effects of climate change">Effects</a> · <a href="/wiki/Climate_risk" title="Climate risk">Risk</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_mitigation" title="Climate change mitigation">Climate change mitigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_and_cities" title="Climate change and cities">Cities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urban_heat_island" title="Urban heat island">Urban heat island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-anxiety" title="Eco-anxiety">Eco-anxiety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_footprint" title="Ecological footprint">Ecological footprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_grief" title="Ecological grief">Ecological grief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_climate_change_on_human_health" title="Effects of climate change on human health">Effects of climate change on human health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_environment" title="Natural environment">Environmental</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_conflict" title="Environmental conflict">Conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_degradation" title="Environmental degradation">Degradation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_effects_of_aviation" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental effects of aviation">Effects of aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impacts_of_animal_agriculture" title="Environmental impacts of animal agriculture">Impacts of agriculture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_weather" title="Extreme weather">Extreme weather</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drought" title="Drought">Drought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flood" title="Flood">Flood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_wave" title="Heat wave">Heat wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_surge" title="Storm surge">Storm surge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclones_and_climate_change" title="Tropical cyclones and climate change">Tropical cyclones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildfire" title="Wildfire">Wildfire</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_security" title="Food security">Food security</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_climate_change_on_agriculture" title="Effects of climate change on agriculture">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desertification" title="Desertification">Desertification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_and_fisheries" title="Climate change and fisheries">Fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_climate_change_on_livestock" title="Effects of climate change on livestock">Livestock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_and_infectious_diseases" title="Climate change and infectious diseases">Infectious diseases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_climate_change_on_mental_health" title="Effects of climate change on mental health">Mental health</a>/<a href="/wiki/Psychological_impact_of_climate_change" title="Psychological impact of climate change">Psychology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_environmental_conflicts" title="List of environmental conflicts">List of environmental conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_level_rise" title="Sea level rise">Sea level rise</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_erosion" title="Coastal erosion">Coastal erosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_flooding" title="Coastal flooding">Coastal flooding</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_climate_change_on_small_island_countries" title="Effects of climate change on small island countries">Small island countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_security" title="Water security">Water security</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_climate_change_on_the_water_cycle" title="Effects of climate change on the water cycle">Water cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_scarcity" title="Water scarcity">Water scarcity</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Economic_analysis_of_climate_change" title="Economic analysis of climate change">Economics</a> · <a href="/wiki/Climate_finance" title="Climate finance">Finance</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_building" title="Autonomous building">Autonomous building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bright_green_environmentalism" title="Bright green environmentalism">Bright green environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_footprint" title="Carbon footprint">Carbon footprint</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_accounting" title="Carbon accounting">Carbon accounting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_offsets_and_credits" title="Carbon offsets and credits">Carbon offsets and credits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_warming_potential" title="Global warming potential">Global warming potential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_inventory" title="Greenhouse gas inventory">Greenhouse gas inventory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_zero_emissions" class="mw-redirect" title="Net zero emissions">Net zero emissions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_price" title="Carbon price">Carbon price</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_bubble" title="Carbon bubble">Carbon bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_emission_trading" title="Carbon emission trading">Carbon emission trading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_fee_and_dividend" title="Carbon fee and dividend">Carbon fee and dividend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_tax" title="Carbon tax">Carbon tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_cost_of_carbon" title="Social cost of carbon">Social cost of carbon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circular_economy" title="Circular economy">Circular economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_growth" title="Clean growth">Clean growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_scenario" title="Climate change scenario">Climate change scenario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_finance" title="Climate finance">Climate finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_environmental_responsibility" title="Corporate environmental responsibility">Corporate environmental responsibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_sociopolitical_activism" title="Corporate sociopolitical activism">Corporate sociopolitical activism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_sustainability" title="Corporate sustainability">Corporate sustainability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degrowth" title="Degrowth">Degrowth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-city" class="mw-redirect" title="Eco-city">Eco-city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_economics" title="Ecological economics">Ecological economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecovillage" title="Ecovillage">Ecovillage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_economics" title="Energy economics">Energy economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_design" title="Environmental design">Environmental design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_finance" title="Environmental finance">Environmental finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental,_social,_and_corporate_governance" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental, social, and corporate governance">ESG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_banking" title="Ethical banking">Ethical banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_accounting" title="Green accounting">Green accounting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_bank" title="Green bank">Green bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_bond" title="Green bond">Green bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_bubble" title="Green bubble">Green bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_building" title="Green building">Green building</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_building_and_wood" title="Green building and wood">Green building and wood</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_economy" title="Green economy">Green economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_home" title="Green home">Green home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_recovery" title="Green recovery">Green recovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greening" title="Greening">Greening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_risk_insurance" title="Climate risk insurance">Insurance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Act_of_God" title="Act of God">Act of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_event_attribution" title="Extreme event attribution">Extreme event attribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_resilience" title="Climate resilience">Resilience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_risk_management" title="Climate risk management">Risk management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_vulnerability" title="Climate change vulnerability">Vulnerability</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-carbon_economy" title="Low-carbon economy">Low-carbon economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economics_of_climate_change_mitigation" title="Economics of climate change mitigation">Mitigation economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_building" title="Natural building">Natural building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuse" title="Reuse">Reuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">Sustainable</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_agriculture" title="Sustainable agriculture">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_architecture" title="Sustainable architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_capitalism" title="Sustainable capitalism">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_city" title="Sustainable city">City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_consumer_behaviour" title="Sustainable consumer behaviour">Consumer behaviour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_diet" title="Sustainable diet">Diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_finance" title="Sustainable finance">Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_industries" title="Sustainable industries">Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_livelihood" title="Sustainable livelihood">Livelihood</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sourcing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Used_good" title="Used good">Used good</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero-energy_building" title="Zero-energy building">Zero-energy building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero_heating_building" title="Zero heating building">Zero heating building</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;;color: var(--color-base)">Social issues · <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_ethics" title="Climate change ethics">Ethics</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_and_children" title="Climate change and children">Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_justice" title="Climate justice">Climate justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_debt" title="Climate debt">Debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclability" title="Cyclability">Cyclability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_ecology" title="Deep ecology">Deep ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_hands" class="mw-redirect" title="Dirty hands">Dirty hands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecosophy" title="Ecosophy">Ecosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_racism" title="Environmental racism">Environmental racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_consumerism" title="Ethical consumerism">Ethical consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel_divestment" title="Fossil fuel divestment">Fossil fuel divestment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_and_gender" title="Climate change and gender">Gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwashing" title="Greenwashing">Greenwashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_and_climate_change" title="Human rights and climate change">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_and_Indigenous_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate change and Indigenous peoples">Indigenous peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just_transition" title="Just transition">Just transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_climate_change_controversies" title="List of climate change controversies">List of climate change controversies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_migrant" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate migrant">Migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co-benefits_of_climate_change_mitigation" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-benefits of climate change mitigation">Mitigation co-benefits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_and_poverty" title="Climate change and poverty">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychology_of_climate_change_denial" title="Psychology of climate change denial">Psychology of climate change denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_interest_design" title="Public interest design">Public interest design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_ecology" title="Queer ecology">Queer ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_security" title="Climate security">Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ecology_(ethics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social ecology (ethics)">Social ecology (ethics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_responsibility" title="Social responsibility">Social responsibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewardship_(theology)" title="Stewardship (theology)">Stewardship (theology)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_forest_inequity" title="Urban forest inequity">Urban forest inequity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkability" title="Walkability">Walkability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_climate_change" title="Women in climate change">Women</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Climate_communication" title="Climate communication">Communication</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_crisis" title="Climate crisis">Climate crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_education" title="Climate change education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwashing" title="Greenwashing">Greenwashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_climate_change" title="Media coverage of climate change">Media coverage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_popular_culture" title="Climate change in popular culture">Popular culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_fiction" title="Climate fiction">fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_art" title="Climate change art">art</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychology_of_climate_change_denial" title="Psychology of climate change denial">Psychology of denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_opinion_on_climate_change" title="Public opinion on climate change">Public opinion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_consensus_on_climate_change" title="Scientific consensus on climate change">Scientific consensus on climate change</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_climate_change" title="Politics of climate change">Politics</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_movement" title="Climate movement">Climate movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-capitalism" title="Eco-capitalism">Eco-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_left" title="Green left">Green left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_liberalism" title="Green liberalism">Green liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-socialism" title="Eco-socialism">Eco-socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_politics" title="Green politics">Green politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_climate_change_policy_and_politics" title="History of climate change policy and politics">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_economy_of_climate_change" class="mw-redirect" title="Political economy of climate change">Political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_governance" title="Climate governance">Climate governance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_movement" title="Climate movement">Climate movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_conspiracy_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate change conspiracy theory">Conspiracy theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_denial" title="Climate change denial">Denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_warming_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming controversy">Global warming controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_litigation" title="Climate change litigation">Litigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individual_action_on_climate_change" title="Individual action on climate change">Individual actions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNFCCC" class="mw-redirect" title="UNFCCC">UNFCCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Climate_Change_conference" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Climate Change conference">UN conferences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol" title="Kyoto Protocol">Kyoto Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Agreement" title="Paris Agreement">Paris Agreement</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Climate_change_icon.png/16px-Climate_change_icon.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Climate_change_icon.png/24px-Climate_change_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Climate_change_icon.png/32px-Climate_change_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="1112" data-file-height="1056" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Climate_change" title="Portal:Climate change">Portal</a></span></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_climate_change" title="Glossary of climate change">Glossary</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Index_of_climate_change_articles" title="Index of climate change articles">Index</a></b></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Climate_change_and_society" title="Template:Climate change and society"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Climate_change_and_society" title="Template talk:Climate change and society"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Climate_change_and_society" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Climate change and society"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Globalization" title="Globalization">Globalization</a> of <a href="/wiki/Supply_chain" title="Supply chain">supply chains</a> and pressure to lower production costs have negatively impacted environments and communities around the world, especially in <a href="/wiki/Developing_country" title="Developing country">developing nations</a> where production of high demand goods is increasingly taking place.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the 1990s, awareness of these negative impacts has grown, leading <a href="/wiki/Stakeholder_(corporate)" title="Stakeholder (corporate)">stakeholders</a> to push companies to take responsibility and actively work to improve the <a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">sustainability</a> of their supply chains.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has come to be understood that a company is only as sustainable as the start of its supply chain, bringing about the need for sustainable sourcing.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>Sustainable sourcing</b> refers to the inclusion of social, environmental, and economic criteria in the sourcing process.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_sourcing&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sustainable sourcing finds its roots in the concept of <a href="/wiki/Corporate_social_responsibility" title="Corporate social responsibility">Corporate Social Responsibility</a> (CSR), which gained popularity in the United States in the 1970s and internationally in the 1990s. CSR has evolved over time from a philanthropy-based strategy for responding to consumer concerns, to a decision-making process that takes into consideration the various facets of a company's impacts.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CSR came to include environmental responsibility in the 1990s with the introduction of <a href="/wiki/John_Elkington_(business_author)" title="John Elkington (business author)">John Elkington's</a> <a href="/wiki/Triple_bottom_line" title="Triple bottom line">"Triple Bottom Line"</a>, which highlighted the responsibility businesses have to the environment, in addition to their economic and social responsibilities.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the introduction of the triple bottom line, sustainability has become an important topic for most organizations. </p><p>In the past, companies were often able to separate themselves from unsustainable and unethical practices within their supply chains, as long as their internal practices were considered to be sustainable. Supply chain scandals such as child labor in <a href="/wiki/Nike,_Inc." title="Nike, Inc.">Nike</a> factories in the 1990s, use of toxic lead paint in <a href="/wiki/Mattel" title="Mattel">Mattel</a> toys in the early 2000s, and more recently the collapse of a factory linked to <a href="/wiki/Primark" title="Primark">Primark</a> in Bangladesh, however, have worked to increase awareness of unsustainable supply chain behaviors.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pressure from stakeholders forced companies to begin taking responsibility for improving sustainability beyond the organizational level.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As companies became responsible for the sustainability of their partners in the supply chain, in addition to that of their immediate organization,<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it came to be understood that a company is only as sustainable as its suppliers.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Defining_sustainable_sourcing">Defining sustainable sourcing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_sourcing&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Defining sustainable sourcing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sustainable sourcing can be defined as obtaining the materials, products, and services an organization needs from its suppliers in a manner that is socially and environmentally responsible, while still being economically sound.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environmentally_responsible">Environmentally responsible</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_sourcing&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Environmentally responsible"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Supply chain activities mainly impact the environment in two ways: <a href="/wiki/Resource_depletion" title="Resource depletion">natural resource depletion</a> and/or production of harmful <a href="/wiki/Pollutant" title="Pollutant">pollutants</a>. These impacts have further implications for the natural world, leading to <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_loss" title="Biodiversity loss">biodiversity loss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Habitat_destruction" title="Habitat destruction">habitat destruction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soil_retrogression_and_degradation" title="Soil retrogression and degradation">soil degradation</a>, and disruption of natural cycles.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To mitigate these impacts and meet the 'environmentally responsible' component of sustainable sourcing, a company may take steps such as requiring suppliers to use certain materials, and evaluating various environmental metrics when selecting suppliers.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Socially_responsible">Socially responsible</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_sourcing&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Socially responsible"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Supply chains activities also have a social dimension. Companies often fall short in ensuring fair treatment and safe working conditions for workers, especially in developing countries where a large portion of production happens.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, previously mentioned environmental impacts also have health and wellbeing implications for communities. To mitigate these impacts and meet the 'socially responsible' component of sustainable sourcing, a company may take steps such as mandating labor standards among suppliers,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and evaluating multiple social metrics when selecting suppliers.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economically_sound">Economically sound</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_sourcing&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Economically sound"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In traditional sourcing practices, the focus is put on getting the best quality product possible at the most reasonable price, with little consideration given to the impacts of producing such a product.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sustainable sourcing requires companies meet high environmental and social standards while continuing to provide good <a href="/wiki/Value_(economics)" title="Value (economics)">economic value</a> at a competitive cost.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ensuring_sustainability">Ensuring sustainability</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_sourcing&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ensuring sustainability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sustainable sourcing is a growing trend within many industries, as is the utilization of <a href="/wiki/Sustainability_standards_and_certification" title="Sustainability standards and certification">sustainability standards and certifications</a> to promote and measure the progress of sustainable practices.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Voluntary_Sustainability_Standards_(VSS)"><span id="Voluntary_Sustainability_Standards_.28VSS.29"></span>Voluntary Sustainability Standards (VSS)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_sourcing&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Voluntary Sustainability Standards (VSS)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Regulation of global business practices has seen a significant shift from governmental to private, as companies are increasingly held accountable by consumers and society as a whole.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Numerous sustainability standards have been developed since the 1970s, and new standards continuously appear.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Voluntary Sustainability Standards, set at the local, national or international level by organizations from the public and private sectors, are voluntary commitments made by companies to promote sustainability along the entire <a href="/wiki/Value_chain" title="Value chain">value chain</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and have evolved as part of this regulatory shift.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Voluntary Sustainability Standards are defined by the United Nations Forum on Sustainability Standards as:</p><blockquote><p>"Requirements that producers, traders, manufacturers, retailers or service providers may be asked to meet, relating to a wide range of sustainability metrics, including respect for basic human rights, worker health and safety, the environmental impacts of production, community relations, land use planning and others."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>Voluntary Sustainability Standards can differ in many ways including actors/stakeholders involved, regulatory mechanisms, strategies, content, and scope. The following are the main types of VSS:<sup id="cite_ref-:7_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Voluntary_government-led_certification">Voluntary government-led certification</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_sourcing&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Voluntary government-led certification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Numerous governments utilize or are beginning to utilize Voluntary Sustainability Standards to promote <a href="/wiki/Green_growth" title="Green growth">green growth</a>. In developing nations, the use of VSS by governments has the potential to increase market access for exported goods and services. In developed nations, the use of VSS by governments can be helpful in managing and reducing the environmental and social costs often associated with imported goods. The use of VSS by governments can also act as a stepping stone where implementation of mandatory certification proves difficult.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An example of a voluntary government-led certification is the United States' <a href="/wiki/USDA_Organic" class="mw-redirect" title="USDA Organic">USDA Organic</a> label. This scheme provides both social and environmental benefits. Farmers who choose to certify see higher profits, as consumers are willing to pay a premium of about 30% for organic foods, and the environment benefits from reduced pollution and increased biodiversity associated with organic farming practices. <sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="NGO_certification">NGO certification</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_sourcing&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: NGO certification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>NGOs played a significant role in the initial development of sustainability standards in the 1970s and 1980s, and continue to act as a driving force for sustainability in various industries. NGOs are responsible for a number of the most well-known certification and labeling schemes including FairTrade, Rainforest Alliance, UTZ Certified, and the Organic- /Bio- Standard. </p><p>The <b><a href="/wiki/Fairtrade_certification" class="mw-redirect" title="Fairtrade certification">FairTrade label</a></b> was created in the late 1980s by a Dutch development agency in collaboration with Mexican farmers.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> FairTrade finds its origins in the fair trade social movement which began in the late 1950s and aims to promote community development in disadvantaged parts of the world.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The objective of the FairTrade label is to empower small producers and improve their ability to trade within the global market, primarily through a <i>minimum price</i> that must be paid to producers.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The minimum price is set by <a href="/wiki/Fairtrade_International" title="Fairtrade International">FairTrade International</a> depending on local economic conditions and is meant to cover both the cost of sustainable production and a decent living quality.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A variety of products are covered by FairTrade standards. The following products are listed on FairTrade International's <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fairtrade.net/">website</a>: bananas, cocoa, coffee, flowers, sugar, tea, cotton, fruit/juices, herbs/spices, honey, nuts/oils, quinoa, rice, vegetables, wine, gold, sports balls, textiles, carbon, and composites.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2019, there are over 1,800 FairTrade producer organizations.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <b><a href="/wiki/Rainforest_Alliance" title="Rainforest Alliance">Rainforest Alliance</a></b> was created in the late 1980s from a social movement dedicated to preserving rainforests and their biodiversity.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its certification scheme is meant to ensure that farms of all sizes in the tropics meet social and environmental conditions, as set out by the Network for Sustainable Agriculture,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in order to prevent further destruction of tropical rainforests, while improving the lives of farmers. A main component of the certification scheme is the required production of a detailed plan for the development of a sustainable farm management system that will allow for conservation goals to be met.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2020, the Rainforest Alliance redesigned its certification program making a number of significant changes such as shifting away from the one-size-fits-all model and pass/fail system it had previously used when evaluating producers.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Rainforest Alliance certifies a number of agricultural and forest products, which it divides into the following six categories on its <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/">website</a>: Flowers and Plants, Food and Beverages, Health and Beauty, Home and Kitchen, Printing Services, and Sporting Goods.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2019, over 2 million farmers have been certified by the Rainforest Alliance, and over 5,000 companies work with the Rainforest Alliance to source certified ingredients.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/UTZ_Certified" title="UTZ Certified">UTZ Certified</a></b> was created in 1997 by a Dutch company, Ahold Coffee Company, with the aim of creating an open and transparent marketplace for socially and environmentally responsible agricultural products. UTZ Certified has implemented two main tools, the UTZ Code of Conduct which emphasizes environmental practices that promote biodiversity, conservation, etc., and the UTZ Traceability System which makes certified products traceable from producer to consumer.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_11-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> UTZ Certified became a part of the Rainforest Alliance in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <b>Organic- or Bio-Standard</b> was developed in the 1970s, based on the <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Organic_Agriculture_Movements" class="mw-redirect" title="International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements">International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements</a>' (IFOAM) Basic Standards. The IFOAM Basic Standards provide a framework or minimum requirements made up primarily of environmental criteria along with a few social and economic criteria, that can be used by private certification organizations or governments to develop their own standards.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_11-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Multi-stakeholder_Sustainability_Initiatives_(MSIs)"><span id="Multi-stakeholder_Sustainability_Initiatives_.28MSIs.29"></span>Multi-stakeholder Sustainability Initiatives (MSIs)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_sourcing&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Multi-stakeholder Sustainability Initiatives (MSIs)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Multi-stakeholder Sustainability Initiatives (MSIs) are partnerships between a group of stakeholders (NGOs, companies, suppliers, governments, etc.) that aim to improve the sustainability of production, sourcing, and manufacturing practices for a specific product or sector through the use of voluntary, market-based approaches.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MSIs develop standards and issue certifications, but also have the ability to serve as learning platforms.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some well-known examples of MSIs include the <a href="/wiki/Roundtable_on_Sustainable_Palm_Oil" title="Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil">Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Forest_Stewardship_Council" title="Forest Stewardship Council">Forest Stewardship Council</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Better_Cotton_Initiative" title="Better Cotton Initiative">Better Cotton Initiative</a>, and the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.globalcoffeeplatform.org/">Global Coffee Platform</a>. </p><p>The <b><a href="/wiki/Roundtable_on_Sustainable_Palm_Oil" title="Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil">Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil</a> (RSPO)</b> is a group that brings together stakeholders from throughout the palm oil industry to develop global sustainability standards for palm oil. The RSPO provides the <a href="/wiki/Certified_Sustainable_Palm_Oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Certified Sustainable Palm Oil">Certified Sustainable Palm Oil</a> (CSPO) label to companies that comply with a set of environmental and social criteria that are meant to minimize the negative impact that palm oil cultivation can have on people and the environment in palm oil producing regions. Stakeholders involved include environmental, social, or development focused NGOs, consumer goods manufacturers, oil palm growers, retailers, and more.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <b><a href="/wiki/Forest_Stewardship_Council" title="Forest Stewardship Council">Forest Stewardship Council</a> (FSC)</b> brings together experts from all different industries and fields to promote the sustainable management of the world's forests, and provide a foundation for global forest management standards. The FSC's certification program, which ensures that products are being sourced from responsibly managed forests and provide social, environmental, and economic benefits, includes three labels: FSC 100%, FSC Recycled, and FSC Mix.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <b><a href="/wiki/Better_Cotton_Initiative" title="Better Cotton Initiative">Better Cotton Initiative</a> (BCI)</b> works to promote the sustainable production of cotton in adherence with the Better Cotton Standard System. The system is made up of six components including criteria for what 'Better Cotton' is, support and training for cotton farmers, regular farm assessments to measure progress, a framework for developing better connections between suppliers and consumers, communication of important information, and monitoring of results and impacts. The BCI is made up of a wide variety of stakeholders from farmers to fashion companies and textile brands, as well as civil society organizations.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <b>Global Coffee Platform (GCP)</b> is made up of coffee producers, roasters, retailers, traders, governments, donors, and NGOs working together to improve the sustainability and profitability of coffee production, while ensuring the wellbeing of farmers and the environment. The GCP developed the Baseline Coffee Code, which contains principles of both good and bad agricultural and management practices, as well as international conventions, to act as a sector wide reference for sustainability.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Company-led_standards">Company-led standards</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_sourcing&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Company-led standards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As sustainability has become an increasingly important focus for most businesses, companies have chosen to tackle the challenge in a variety of ways. While some have chosen to certify products through existing programs developed by NGOs or join in on Multi-stakeholder Sustainability Initiatives, many companies have chosen to develop their own sustainability standards in line with their specific goals and needs. Notable examples of company-led sustainability standards include <a href="/wiki/Starbucks" title="Starbucks">Starbucks</a>' C.A.F.E. Practices and <a href="/wiki/Unilever" title="Unilever">Unilever's</a> Sustainable Agricultural Code. </p><p>In 2004, having previously partnered with CARE and Conservation International, <b>Starbucks</b> launched their <b>Coffee and Farmer Equity (C.A.F.E.) Practices</b> program, which measure coffee farms by a number of environmental, social, and economic criteria in order to ensure both sustainable growing practices and fair living conditions for farmers.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Now, over 99% of the 650 billion pounds of coffee Starbucks purchases annually is ethically sourced, according to C.A.F.E. standards.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Unilever's Sustainable Agriculture Code</b> was developed throughout the early 2000s and officially published in 2010. The code provides the company's definition of sustainable agriculture, and lays out a set of practices for soil management, crop husbandry, animal husbandry, and treatment of people (working conditions, health and safety, training, etc.) that Unilever requires their suppliers to adhere to.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sustainable_sourcing_in_practice">Sustainable sourcing in practice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_sourcing&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sustainable sourcing in practice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Companies in many different industries are taking steps to source products and materials more sustainably. The following provide examples of sustainable sourcing in practice: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="H&M_Group"><span id="H.26M_Group"></span>H&M Group</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_sourcing&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: H&M Group"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The H&M Group is a design and fashion company made up of a family of brands including <a href="/wiki/H%26M" title="H&M">H&M</a>, H&M Home, COS, Arket, Monki, Weekday, & Other Stories, and Afound. The company has committed to making "great design available to everyone in a sustainable way."<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To fulfill this commitment, the company is working to ensure that all raw materials used in their products are sourced in a responsible and sustainable manner. As of 2020, 64.5% of the materials used by the company's brand were recycled or otherwise sustainably sourced. The company aims to reach 100% by 2030.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>H&M Group utilizes their Sustainable Impact Partnership Program (SIPP) to assess supplier compliance with the company's Sustainability Commitment, and to measure overall sustainability of suppliers over time. H&M Group also utilizes sustainability standards developed by NGOs, other companies, and multi-stakeholder initiatives, including the Good Cashmere Standard from the Aid for Trade Foundation, the Responsible Mohair Standard from Textile Exchange, the Responsible Down Standard from <a href="/wiki/The_North_Face" title="The North Face">The North Face</a>, and certifications from the <a href="/wiki/Better_Cotton_Initiative" title="Better Cotton Initiative">Better Cotton Initiative</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Forest_Stewardship_Council" title="Forest Stewardship Council">Forest Stewardship Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Patagonia">Patagonia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_sourcing&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Patagonia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Patagonia,_Inc." title="Patagonia, Inc.">Patagonia</a> is an outdoor clothing and gear company that is actively working to address environmental and social issues through a number of avenues including political activism, community engagement and advocacy, and a self-imposed 'Earth Tax,' along with sustainable initiatives in the company's supply chain. </p><p>Patagonia has developed a number of programs to ensure sustainability in their supply chain including the Supply Chain Environmental Responsibility Program, which is used to measure and reduce the environmental impacts of manufacturing products and materials at supplier facilities worldwide,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Material Traceability Program, which is used to ensure that the most sustainable options are in fact being utilized all along the supply chain.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">Cotton</a> used by Patagonia has been 100% organic since 1996. More recently, the company began using recycled cotton and helped found the Regenerative Organic Alliance to manage the Regenerative Organic Certified Pilot.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Patagonia also utilizes sustainability standards developed outside of the company such as <a href="/wiki/NSF_International" title="NSF International">NSF International's</a> Advanced Global Traceable Down Standard, and certifications from the <a href="/wiki/Forest_Stewardship_Council" title="Forest Stewardship Council">Forest Stewardship Council</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fairtrade_International" title="Fairtrade International">Fair Trade International</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Costa_Coffee">Costa Coffee</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_sourcing&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Costa Coffee"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Costa_Coffee" title="Costa Coffee">Costa Coffee</a> is a coffee shop chain with over 2,000 locations in the UK and more than 1,000 locations throughout 30 other countries. The company has made commitments to ensuring sustainability within their supply chain, focusing on two main aspects: people and product. </p><p>Costa Coffee's Supplier Guiding Principles set out the basic human rights standards the company expects of all of its suppliers and business partners. The company also started the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.costa.co.uk/behind-the-beans/coffee/costa-foundation">Costa Foundation</a> in 2007, which funds schools and school projects in coffee-growing communities. Costa Coffee also utilizes sustainability standards from outside of the company. They've been a member of the <a href="/wiki/Roundtable_on_Sustainable_Palm_Oil" title="Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil">Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil</a> since 2020, and 100% of the coffee beans used by the company come from <a href="/wiki/Rainforest_Alliance" title="Rainforest Alliance">Rainforest Alliance</a> Certified farms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Addressing_the_challenges">Addressing the challenges</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_sourcing&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Addressing the challenges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sustainable sourcing is a relatively basic concept in theory, but companies face a number of challenges when implementing it. </p><p>One of the most significant challenges has to do with sustainability standards and certifications. Literature on the topic suggests that growing numbers of sustainability standards has led to increased cost and administrative responsibility for producers, as well as confusion over the meaning and legitimacy of the various standards.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_11-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yet, with greater claims of sustainability for conditions that may not warrant it, there is a growing movement of major brands such as PepsiCo and Nestle in distinguishing between responsible vs sustainable sourcing, also evidenced in North Face's Responsible Down Standard.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Responsible sourcing refers to compliance with ethical or responsible practices (e.g., no child or forced labor, and availability of decent working conditions). Sustainable sourcing goes beyond compliance to taking action to improve conditions of sustainability, engaging in areas such as livelihoods, climate-smart practices, and other social, environmental, and economic conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Adoption of common metrics for measuring sustainability would provide a solution for this challenge. Many initiatives, such as the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.globalcoffeeplatform.org/our-work/tools/coffee-data-standard/#15-common-indicators">Global Coffee Platform</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Roundtable_on_Sustainable_Palm_Oil" title="Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil">Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil</a>, are working to define a common set of standards within specific sectors. The <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Sustainability_Assessment" title="Committee on Sustainability Assessment">Committee on Sustainability Assessment</a> is one of the main organizations promoting global adoption of common sustainability metrics. </p><p>Other key challenges include transparency<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and traceability<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> along the value chain. Tools such as tracking and reporting software, customized search engines for purchasing, etc., could be utilized to address these challenges. <sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="UN_Sustainable_Development_Goals">UN Sustainable Development Goals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_sourcing&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: UN Sustainable Development Goals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 17 <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goals" title="Sustainable Development Goals">Sustainable Development Goals</a> are a key part of the United Nations' <a href="/wiki/2030_Agenda_for_Sustainable_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development">2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development</a>. Sustainable sourcing is directly related to <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_12" title="Sustainable Development Goal 12">SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production</a>, and can also contribute to achieving a number of the other SDGs including <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_1" title="Sustainable Development Goal 1">SDG 1: No Poverty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_2" title="Sustainable Development Goal 2">SDG 2: Zero Hunger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_3" title="Sustainable Development Goal 3">SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_4" title="Sustainable Development Goal 4">SDG 4: Quality Education</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_5" title="Sustainable Development Goal 5">SDG 5: Gender Equality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_8" title="Sustainable Development Goal 8">SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_10" title="Sustainable Development Goal 10">SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_11" title="Sustainable Development Goal 11">SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_13" title="Sustainable Development Goal 13">SDG 13: Climate Action</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_14" title="Sustainable Development Goal 14">SDG 14: Life Below Water</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_15" title="Sustainable Development Goal 15">SDG 15: Life on Land</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_sourcing&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFOsland2016" class="citation journal cs1">Osland, Joyce S. (2016-07-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1056492603012002005">"Broadening the Debate: The Pros and Cons of Globalization"</a>. <i>Journal of Management Inquiry</i>. <b>12</b> (2): 137–154. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1056492603012002005">10.1177/1056492603012002005</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:14617240">14617240</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Management+Inquiry&rft.atitle=Broadening+the+Debate%3A+The+Pros+and+Cons+of+Globalization&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=137-154&rft.date=2016-07-22&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1056492603012002005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A14617240%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Osland&rft.aufirst=Joyce+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.sagepub.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1177%2F1056492603012002005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+sourcing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLambrechts2020" class="citation cs2">Lambrechts, Wim (2020), Leal Filho, Walter; Azul, Anabela Marisa; Brandli, Luciana; Özuyar, Pinar Gökcin (eds.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-71058-7_11-1">"Ethical and Sustainable Sourcing: Towards Strategic and Holistic Sustainable Supply Chain Management"</a>, <i>Decent Work and Economic Growth</i>, Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 1–13, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-71058-7_11-1">10.1007/978-3-319-71058-7_11-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-71058-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-71058-7"><bdi>978-3-319-71058-7</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:226567458">226567458</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-03</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Decent+Work+and+Economic+Growth&rft.atitle=Ethical+and+Sustainable+Sourcing%3A+Towards+Strategic+and+Holistic+Sustainable+Supply+Chain+Management&rft.pages=1-13&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A226567458%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-71058-7_11-1&rft.isbn=978-3-319-71058-7&rft.aulast=Lambrechts&rft.aufirst=Wim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-71058-7_11-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+sourcing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchneiderWallenburg2012" class="citation journal cs1">Schneider, Lena; Wallenburg, Carl Marcus (2012-12-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1478409212000179">"Implementing sustainable sourcing—Does purchasing need to change?"</a>. <i>Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management</i>. Sustainable Procurement. <b>18</b> (4): 243–257. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.pursup.2012.03.002">10.1016/j.pursup.2012.03.002</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1478-4092">1478-4092</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Purchasing+and+Supply+Management&rft.atitle=Implementing+sustainable+sourcing%E2%80%94Does+purchasing+need+to+change%3F&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=243-257&rft.date=2012-12-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.pursup.2012.03.002&rft.issn=1478-4092&rft.aulast=Schneider&rft.aufirst=Lena&rft.au=Wallenburg%2C+Carl+Marcus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS1478409212000179&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+sourcing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPagellWuWasserman2010" class="citation journal cs1">Pagell, Mark; Wu, Zhaohui; Wasserman, Michael E. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1745-493X.2009.03186.x">"Thinking Differently About Purchasing Portfolios: An Assessment of Sustainable Sourcing"</a>. <i>Journal of Supply Chain Management</i>. <b>46</b> (1): 57–73. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1745-493X.2009.03186.x">10.1111/j.1745-493X.2009.03186.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1745-493X">1745-493X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Supply+Chain+Management&rft.atitle=Thinking+Differently+About+Purchasing+Portfolios%3A+An+Assessment+of+Sustainable+Sourcing&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=57-73&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1745-493X.2009.03186.x&rft.issn=1745-493X&rft.aulast=Pagell&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.au=Wu%2C+Zhaohui&rft.au=Wasserman%2C+Michael+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1745-493X.2009.03186.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+sourcing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLatapí_AgudeloJóhannsdóttirDavídsdóttir2019" class="citation journal cs1">Latapí Agudelo, Mauricio Andrés; <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1ra_J%C3%B3hannsd%C3%B3ttir" title="Lára Jóhannsdóttir">Jóhannsdóttir, Lára</a>; Davídsdóttir, Brynhildur (2019-01-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs40991-018-0039-y">"A literature review of the history and evolution of corporate social responsibility"</a>. <i>International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility</i>. <b>4</b> (1): 1. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs40991-018-0039-y">10.1186/s40991-018-0039-y</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2366-0074">2366-0074</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Corporate+Social+Responsibility&rft.atitle=A+literature+review+of+the+history+and+evolution+of+corporate+social+responsibility&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2019-01-22&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2Fs40991-018-0039-y&rft.issn=2366-0074&rft.aulast=Latap%C3%AD+Agudelo&rft.aufirst=Mauricio+Andr%C3%A9s&rft.au=J%C3%B3hannsd%C3%B3ttir%2C+L%C3%A1ra&rft.au=Dav%C3%ADdsd%C3%B3ttir%2C+Brynhildur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1186%252Fs40991-018-0039-y&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+sourcing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKimColicchiaMenachof2018" class="citation journal cs1">Kim, Seongtae; Colicchia, Claudia; Menachof, David (2018-11-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10551-016-3266-8">"Ethical Sourcing: An Analysis of the Literature and Implications for Future Research"</a>. <i>Journal of Business Ethics</i>. <b>152</b> (4): 1033–1052. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10551-016-3266-8">10.1007/s10551-016-3266-8</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/11311%2F1119428">11311/1119428</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1573-0697">1573-0697</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Business+Ethics&rft.atitle=Ethical+Sourcing%3A+An+Analysis+of+the+Literature+and+Implications+for+Future+Research&rft.volume=152&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1033-1052&rft.date=2018-11-01&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F11311%2F1119428&rft.issn=1573-0697&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10551-016-3266-8&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Seongtae&rft.au=Colicchia%2C+Claudia&rft.au=Menachof%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%252Fs10551-016-3266-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+sourcing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVeitLambrechtsQuintensSemeijn2018" class="citation journal cs1">Veit, Claire; Lambrechts, Wim; Quintens, Lieven; Semeijn, Janjaap (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fsu10072519">"The Impact of Sustainable Sourcing on Customer Perceptions: Association by Guilt from Scandals in Local vs. Offshore Sourcing Countries"</a>. <i>Sustainability</i>. <b>10</b> (7): 2519. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fsu10072519">10.3390/su10072519</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sustainability&rft.atitle=The+Impact+of+Sustainable+Sourcing+on+Customer+Perceptions%3A+Association+by+Guilt+from+Scandals+in+Local+vs.+Offshore+Sourcing+Countries&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=2519&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Fsu10072519&rft.aulast=Veit&rft.aufirst=Claire&rft.au=Lambrechts%2C+Wim&rft.au=Quintens%2C+Lieven&rft.au=Semeijn%2C+Janjaap&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3390%252Fsu10072519&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+sourcing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoebelReuterPibernikSichtmann2012" class="citation journal cs1">Goebel, Philipp; Reuter, Carsten; Pibernik, Richard; Sichtmann, Christina (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0925527312000783">"The influence of ethical culture on supplier selection in the context of sustainable sourcing"</a>. <i>International Journal of Production Economics</i>. <b>140</b> (1): 7–17. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ijpe.2012.02.020">10.1016/j.ijpe.2012.02.020</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Production+Economics&rft.atitle=The+influence+of+ethical+culture+on+supplier+selection+in+the+context+of+sustainable+sourcing&rft.volume=140&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=7-17&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ijpe.2012.02.020&rft.aulast=Goebel&rft.aufirst=Philipp&rft.au=Reuter%2C+Carsten&rft.au=Pibernik%2C+Richard&rft.au=Sichtmann%2C+Christina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0925527312000783&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+sourcing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgrawalLee2016" class="citation cs2">Agrawal, Vishal V.; Lee, Deishin (2016), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30094-8_5">"Responsible Sourcing"</a>, <i>Environmentally Responsible Supply Chains</i>, Springer Series in Supply Chain Management, vol. 3, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 71–86, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-30094-8_5">10.1007/978-3-319-30094-8_5</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-30092-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-30092-4"><bdi>978-3-319-30092-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-03</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmentally+Responsible+Supply+Chains&rft.atitle=Responsible+Sourcing&rft.volume=3&rft.pages=71-86&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-30094-8_5&rft.isbn=978-3-319-30092-4&rft.aulast=Agrawal&rft.aufirst=Vishal+V.&rft.au=Lee%2C+Deishin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-30094-8_5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+sourcing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright2016" class="citation journal cs1">Wright, Chris F. (2016-08-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2552-1">"Leveraging Reputational Risk: Sustainable Sourcing Campaigns for Improving Labour Standards in Production Networks"</a>. <i>Journal of Business Ethics</i>. <b>137</b> (1): 195–210. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10551-015-2552-1">10.1007/s10551-015-2552-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1573-0697">1573-0697</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154618407">154618407</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Business+Ethics&rft.atitle=Leveraging+Reputational+Risk%3A+Sustainable+Sourcing+Campaigns+for+Improving+Labour+Standards+in+Production+Networks&rft.volume=137&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=195-210&rft.date=2016-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154618407%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1573-0697&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10551-015-2552-1&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Chris+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%2Fs10551-015-2552-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+sourcing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_11-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_11-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_11-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_11-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvon_HagenManningReinecke2010" class="citation journal cs1">von Hagen, Oliver; Manning, Stephan; Reinecke, Juliane (2010-09-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1678472">"Sustainable Sourcing in the Food Industry: Global Challenges and Practices"</a>. Rochester, NY. <a href="/wiki/SSRN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1678472">1678472</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sustainable+Sourcing+in+the+Food+Industry%3A+Global+Challenges+and+Practices&rft.date=2010-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D1678472%23id-name%3DSSRN&rft.aulast=von+Hagen&rft.aufirst=Oliver&rft.au=Manning%2C+Stephan&rft.au=Reinecke%2C+Juliane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fabstract%3D1678472&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+sourcing" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLambinThorlakson2018" class="citation journal cs1">Lambin, Eric F.; Thorlakson, Tannis (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev-environ-102017-025931">"Sustainability Standards: Interactions Between Private Actors, Civil Society, and Governments"</a>. <i>Annual Review of Environment and Resources</i>. <b>43</b> (1): 369–393. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev-environ-102017-025931">10.1146/annurev-environ-102017-025931</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1543-5938">1543-5938</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Environment+and+Resources&rft.atitle=Sustainability+Standards%3A+Interactions+Between+Private+Actors%2C+Civil+Society%2C+and+Governments&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=369-393&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev-environ-102017-025931&rft.issn=1543-5938&rft.aulast=Lambin&rft.aufirst=Eric+F.&rft.au=Thorlakson%2C+Tannis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1146%252Fannurev-environ-102017-025931&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+sourcing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/world-banana-forum/projects/good-practices/voluntary-sustainability-standards/en/#:~:text=Voluntary%20Sustainability%20Standards%20(VSS)%20are,on%20environmental%20and%20social%20improvements.&text=In%20the%20agricultural%20sector,%20VSS%20promote%20sustainability%20along%20the%20value%20chain.">"Voluntary sustainability standards in the banana industry. World Banana Forum. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations"</a>. <i>www.fao.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.fao.org&rft.atitle=Voluntary+sustainability+standards+in+the+banana+industry.+World+Banana+Forum.+Food+and+Agriculture+Organization+of+the+United+Nations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Fworld-banana-forum%2Fprojects%2Fgood-practices%2Fvoluntary-sustainability-standards%2Fen%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DVoluntary%2520Sustainability%2520Standards%2520%28VSS%29%2520are%2Con%2520environmental%2520and%2520social%2520improvements.%26text%3DIn%2520the%2520agricultural%2520sector%2C%2520VSS%2520promote%2520sustainability%2520along%2520the%2520value%2520chain.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+sourcing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">United Nations Forum on Sustainability Standards (UNFSS). 2013. Voluntary Sustainability Standards: Today's Landscape of Issues & Initiatives to Achieve Public Policy Objectives. Geneva: UNFSS</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">United Nations Forum on Sustainability Standards (UNFSS). 2016. Meeting Sustainability Goals: Voluntary Sustainability Standards and the Role of the Government. 2nd Flagship Report of the UNFSS. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nycfoodpolicy.org/is-the-organic-label-as-valuable-as-you-thought/">"Is the Organic Label as Valuable as You Thought? NYC Food Policy Center"</a>. <i>NYC Food Policy Center (Hunter College)</i>. 2018-12-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NYC+Food+Policy+Center+%28Hunter+College%29&rft.atitle=Is+the+Organic+Label+as+Valuable+as+You+Thought%3F+NYC+Food+Policy+Center&rft.date=2018-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nycfoodpolicy.org%2Fis-the-organic-label-as-valuable-as-you-thought%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+sourcing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDohertyDaviesTranchell2013" class="citation journal cs1">Doherty, Bob; Davies, Iain A.; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sophi_Tranchell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sophi Tranchell (page does not exist)">Tranchell, Sophi</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00076791.2012.692083">"Where now for fair trade?"</a>. <i>Business History</i>. <b>55</b> (2): 161–189. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00076791.2012.692083">10.1080/00076791.2012.692083</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0007-6791">0007-6791</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154308290">154308290</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+History&rft.atitle=Where+now+for+fair+trade%3F&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=161-189&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154308290%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0007-6791&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00076791.2012.692083&rft.aulast=Doherty&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft.au=Davies%2C+Iain+A.&rft.au=Tranchell%2C+Sophi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1080%2F00076791.2012.692083&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+sourcing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fairtrade.net/product">"Fairtrade Products"</a>. <i>Fairtrade International</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fairtrade+International&rft.atitle=Fairtrade+Products&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fairtrade.net%2Fproduct&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+sourcing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBellamySvenssonVan_Den_BrinkTedengren2016" class="citation journal cs1">Bellamy, Angelina Sanderson; Svensson, Ola; Van Den Brink, Paul J.; Tedengren, Michael (2016-07-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.gecco.2016.05.002">"What is in a label? Rainforest-Alliance certified banana production versus non-certified conventional banana production"</a>. <i>Global Ecology and Conservation</i>. <b>7</b>: 39–48. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.gecco.2016.05.002">10.1016/j.gecco.2016.05.002</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2351-9894">2351-9894</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Ecology+and+Conservation&rft.atitle=What+is+in+a+label%3F+Rainforest-Alliance+certified+banana+production+versus+non-certified+conventional+banana+production&rft.volume=7&rft.pages=39-48&rft.date=2016-07-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.gecco.2016.05.002&rft.issn=2351-9894&rft.aulast=Bellamy&rft.aufirst=Angelina+Sanderson&rft.au=Svensson%2C+Ola&rft.au=Van+Den+Brink%2C+Paul+J.&rft.au=Tedengren%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.gecco.2016.05.002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+sourcing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/approach">"Our Approach"</a>. <i>Rainforest Alliance</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rainforest+Alliance&rft.atitle=Our+Approach&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rainforest-alliance.org%2Fapproach&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+sourcing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/find-certified">"Certified Products"</a>. <i>Rainforest Alliance</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rainforest+Alliance&rft.atitle=Certified+Products&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rainforest-alliance.org%2Ffind-certified&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+sourcing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/impact">"Impact Dashboard"</a>. <i>Rainforest Alliance</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rainforest+Alliance&rft.atitle=Impact+Dashboard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rainforest-alliance.org%2Fimpact&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+sourcing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://utz.org/who-we-are/about-utz/">"About us"</a>. <i>UTZ</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UTZ&rft.atitle=About+us&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Futz.org%2Fwho-we-are%2Fabout-utz%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+sourcing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">WWF. 2010. Certification and roundtables: do they work? WWF review of multi-stakeholder sustainability initiatives</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSearcy2017" class="citation journal cs1">Searcy, Cory (2017-12-06). Kapuscinski, Anne R.; Dooley, Kevin (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Felementa.262">"Multi-stakeholder initiatives in sustainable supply chains: Putting sustainability performance in context"</a>. <i>Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene</i>. <b>5</b> (73). <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EleSA...5...73S">2017EleSA...5...73S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Felementa.262">10.1525/elementa.262</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2325-1026">2325-1026</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Elementa%3A+Science+of+the+Anthropocene&rft.atitle=Multi-stakeholder+initiatives+in+sustainable+supply+chains%3A+Putting+sustainability+performance+in+context&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=73&rft.date=2017-12-06&rft.issn=2325-1026&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Felementa.262&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017EleSA...5...73S&rft.aulast=Searcy&rft.aufirst=Cory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1525%252Felementa.262&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+sourcing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rspo.org/about">"About"</a>. <i>rspo.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rspo.org&rft.atitle=About&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frspo.org%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+sourcing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fsc.org/en/about-us">"About us"</a>. <i>Forest Stewardship Council</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forest+Stewardship+Council&rft.atitle=About+us&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffsc.org%2Fen%2Fabout-us&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+sourcing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bettercotton.org/better-cotton-standard-system/">"Better Cotton Standard System"</a>. <i>Better Cotton Initiative</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Better+Cotton+Initiative&rft.atitle=Better+Cotton+Standard+System&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbettercotton.org%2Fbetter-cotton-standard-system%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+sourcing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.globalcoffeeplatform.org/our-work/gcp-baseline-coffee-code/">"GCP Baseline Coffee Code"</a>. <i>Global Coffee Platform</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+Coffee+Platform&rft.atitle=GCP+Baseline+Coffee+Code&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalcoffeeplatform.org%2Four-work%2Fgcp-baseline-coffee-code%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+sourcing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stories.starbucks.com/press/2020/cafe-practices-starbucks-approach-to-ethically-sourcing-coffee/%3E/">"Starbucks"</a>. <i>stories.starbucks.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=stories.starbucks.com&rft.atitle=Starbucks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstories.starbucks.com%2Fpress%2F2020%2Fcafe-practices-starbucks-approach-to-ethically-sourcing-coffee%2F%253E%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+sourcing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.starbucks.com/responsibility/global-report">"Global Social Impact Report Goals & Progress"</a>. <i>Starbucks Coffee Company</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Starbucks+Coffee+Company&rft.atitle=Global+Social+Impact+Report+Goals+%26+Progress&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.starbucks.com%2Fresponsibility%2Fglobal-report&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+sourcing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unilever.com/planet-and-society/protect-and-regenerate-nature/strategy-and-goals/">"Strategy and goals"</a>. <i>Unilever</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Unilever&rft.atitle=Strategy+and+goals&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unilever.com%2Fplanet-and-society%2Fprotect-and-regenerate-nature%2Fstrategy-and-goals%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+sourcing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hmgroup.com/about-us/">"About us"</a>. <i>H&M Group</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=H%26M+Group&rft.atitle=About+us&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhmgroup.com%2Fabout-us%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+sourcing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">H&M Group. (2020). <i>Sustainability Performance Report.</i> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.patagonia.com/our-footprint/supply-chain-environmental-responsibility-program.html">"Supply Chain Environmental Responsibility Program - Patagonia"</a>. <i>www.patagonia.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.patagonia.com&rft.atitle=Supply+Chain+Environmental+Responsibility+Program+-+Patagonia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.patagonia.com%2Four-footprint%2Fsupply-chain-environmental-responsibility-program.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+sourcing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.patagonia.com/our-footprint/material-traceability.html">"Material Traceability - Patagonia"</a>. <i>www.patagonia.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.patagonia.com&rft.atitle=Material+Traceability+-+Patagonia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.patagonia.com%2Four-footprint%2Fmaterial-traceability.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+sourcing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.patagonia.com/our-footprint/regenerative-organic-certification.html">"Regenerative Organic Certification - Patagonia"</a>. <i>www.patagonia.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.patagonia.com&rft.atitle=Regenerative+Organic+Certification+-+Patagonia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.patagonia.com%2Four-footprint%2Fregenerative-organic-certification.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+sourcing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiovannucci2008" class="citation journal cs1">Giovannucci, Daniele (2008-10-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1470489">"How New Agrifood Standards are Affecting Trade"</a>. Rochester, NY. <a href="/wiki/SSRN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1470489">1470489</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=How+New+Agrifood+Standards+are+Affecting+Trade&rft.date=2008-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D1470489%23id-name%3DSSRN&rft.aulast=Giovannucci&rft.aufirst=Daniele&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fabstract%3D1470489&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+sourcing" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenorthface.com/en-us/about-us/responsibility/product/down-standard">"Responsible Down Standard"</a>. <i>The North Face</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+North+Face&rft.atitle=Responsible+Down+Standard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenorthface.com%2Fen-us%2Fabout-us%2Fresponsibility%2Fproduct%2Fdown-standard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+sourcing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thecosa.org/responsible-sourcing-and-sustainable-sourcing/">"Responsible Sourcing and Sustainable Sourcing: Key Differences"</a>. <i>Committee on Sustainability Assessment</i>. 5 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Committee+on+Sustainability+Assessment&rft.atitle=Responsible+Sourcing+and+Sustainable+Sourcing%3A+Key+Differences&rft.date=2021-05-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthecosa.org%2Fresponsible-sourcing-and-sustainable-sourcing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+sourcing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFP.M._(Nel)_Wognum,_Harry_Bremmers,_Jacques_H._Trienekens,_Jack_G.A.J._van_der_Vorst,_Jacqueline_M._Bloemhof2011" class="citation journal cs1">P.M. (Nel) Wognum, Harry Bremmers, Jacques H. Trienekens, Jack G.A.J. van der Vorst, Jacqueline M. Bloemhof (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1474034610000455">"Systems for sustainability and transparency of food supply chains – Current status and challenges"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Engineering_Informatics" title="Advanced Engineering Informatics">Advanced Engineering Informatics</a></i>. <b>25</b> (1): 65–76. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.aei.2010.06.001">10.1016/j.aei.2010.06.001</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10983%2F25611">10983/25611</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1474-0346">1474-0346</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advanced+Engineering+Informatics&rft.atitle=Systems+for+sustainability+and+transparency+of+food+supply+chains+%E2%80%93+Current+status+and+challenges&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=65-76&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10983%2F25611&rft.issn=1474-0346&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.aei.2010.06.001&rft.au=P.M.+%28Nel%29+Wognum%2C+Harry+Bremmers%2C+Jacques+H.+Trienekens%2C+Jack+G.A.J.+van+der+Vorst%2C+Jacqueline+M.+Bloemhof&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fpii%2FS1474034610000455&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+sourcing" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKumarAgrawalWangChen2017" class="citation journal cs1">Kumar, Vijay; Agrawal, Tarun Kumar; Wang, Lichuan; Chen, Yan (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs40689-017-0027-8">"Contribution of traceability towards attaining sustainability in the textile sector"</a>. <i>Textiles and Clothing Sustainability</i>. <b>3</b> (1): 5. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs40689-017-0027-8">10.1186/s40689-017-0027-8</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2197-9936">2197-9936</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Textiles+and+Clothing+Sustainability&rft.atitle=Contribution+of+traceability+towards+attaining+sustainability+in+the+textile+sector&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=5&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2Fs40689-017-0027-8&rft.issn=2197-9936&rft.aulast=Kumar&rft.aufirst=Vijay&rft.au=Agrawal%2C+Tarun+Kumar&rft.au=Wang%2C+Lichuan&rft.au=Chen%2C+Yan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1186%252Fs40689-017-0027-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+sourcing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Chapter 4: Tools and Technology for Sustainable Purchasing." National Research Council. 2012. <i>Sustainability Considerations for Procurement Tools and Capabilities: Summary of a Workshop</i>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sustainability" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sustainability" title="Template:Sustainability"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sustainability" title="Template talk:Sustainability"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sustainability" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sustainability"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sustainability" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">Sustainability</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_sustainability" title="Outline of sustainability">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_sustainability_articles" title="Index of sustainability articles">Index</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sustainability#Principles_and_concepts" title="Sustainability">Principles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropocene" title="Anthropocene">Anthropocene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_governance" title="Global governance">Global governance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_impact_on_the_environment" title="Human impact on the environment">Human impact on the environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_boundaries" title="Planetary boundaries">Planetary boundaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">Development</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_consumption" title="Sustainable consumption">Consumption</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropization" title="Anthropization">Anthropization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-consumerism" title="Anti-consumerism">Anti-consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circular_economy" title="Circular economy">Circular economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durable_good" title="Durable good">Durable good</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Overshoot_Day" title="Earth Overshoot Day">Earth Overshoot Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_footprint" title="Ecological footprint">Ecological footprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_consumerism" title="Ethical consumerism">Ethical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_consumption" title="Green consumption">Green consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micro-sustainability" title="Micro-sustainability">Micro-sustainability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Over-consumption" class="mw-redirect" title="Over-consumption">Over-consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_stewardship" title="Product stewardship">Product stewardship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_living" title="Simple living">Simple living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_return_on_investment" title="Social return on investment">Social return on investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steady-state_economy" title="Steady-state economy">Steady-state economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">Sustainability</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability_advertising" title="Sustainability advertising">Advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability_brand" title="Sustainability brand">Brand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability_marketing_myopia" title="Sustainability marketing myopia">Marketing myopia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">Sustainable</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_consumer_behaviour" title="Sustainable consumer behaviour">Consumer behaviour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_market" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable market">Market</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability_and_systemic_change_resistance" title="Sustainability and systemic change resistance">Systemic change resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragedy_of_the_commons" title="Tragedy of the commons">Tragedy of the commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World_population" title="World population">World population</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographic_transition" title="Demographic transition">Demographic transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_planning" title="Family planning">Family planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_population_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Human population control">Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_population" title="Sustainable population">Sustainable population</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appropriate_technology" title="Appropriate technology">Appropriate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_technology" title="Environmental technology">Environmental technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_building" title="Natural building">Natural building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_architecture" title="Sustainable architecture">Sustainable architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_design" title="Sustainable design">Sustainable design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_industries" title="Sustainable industries">Sustainable industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_packaging" title="Sustainable packaging">Sustainable packaging</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">Biodiversity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biosecurity" title="Biosecurity">Biosecurity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biosphere" title="Biosphere">Biosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_biology" title="Conservation biology">Conservation biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endangered_species" title="Endangered species">Endangered species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocene_extinction" title="Holocene extinction">Holocene extinction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasive_species" title="Invasive species">Invasive species</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Energy" title="Energy">Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_footprint" title="Carbon footprint">Carbon footprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">Renewable energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_energy" title="Sustainable energy">Sustainable energy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_food_system" title="Sustainable food system">Food</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civic_agriculture" title="Civic agriculture">Civic agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate-smart_agriculture" title="Climate-smart agriculture">Climate-smart agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community-supported_agriculture" title="Community-supported agriculture">Community-supported agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultured_meat" title="Cultured meat">Cultured meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_agriculture" title="Sustainable agriculture">Sustainable agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_diet" title="Sustainable diet">Sustainable diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_fishery" title="Sustainable fishery">Sustainable fishery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Water</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_well_(condenser)" title="Air well (condenser)">Air well (condenser)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioretention" title="Bioretention">Bioretention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioswale" title="Bioswale">Bioswale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_roof" title="Blue roof">Blue roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catchwater" title="Catchwater">Catchwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constructed_wetland" title="Constructed wetland">Constructed wetland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detention_basin" title="Detention basin">Detention basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dew_pond" title="Dew pond">Dew pond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_footprint" title="Water footprint">Footprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity" title="Hydroelectricity">Hydroelectricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydropower" title="Hydropower">Hydropower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infiltration_basin" title="Infiltration basin">Infiltration basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irrigation_tank" title="Irrigation tank">Irrigation tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_energy" title="Marine energy">Marine energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micro_hydro" title="Micro hydro">Micro hydro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_thermal_energy_conversion" title="Ocean thermal energy conversion">Ocean thermal energy conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pico_hydro" title="Pico hydro">Pico hydro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rain_garden" title="Rain garden">Rain garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainwater_harvesting" title="Rainwater harvesting">Rainwater harvesting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainwater_tank" title="Rainwater tank">Rainwater tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reclaimed_water" title="Reclaimed water">Reclaimed water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retention_basin" title="Retention basin">Retention basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Run-of-the-river_hydroelectricity" title="Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity">Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_scarcity" title="Water scarcity">Scarcity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_security" title="Water security">Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_hydro" title="Small hydro">Small hydro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_drainage_system" title="Sustainable drainage system">Sustainable drainage system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tidal_power" title="Tidal power">Tidal power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tidal_stream_generator" title="Tidal stream generator">Tidal stream generator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_box_filter" title="Tree box filter">Tree box filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_conservation" title="Water conservation">Water conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_heat_recycling" title="Water heat recycling">Water heat recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_recycling_shower" title="Water recycling shower">Water recycling shower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water-sensitive_urban_design" title="Water-sensitive urban design">Water-sensitive urban design</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Accountability</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_environmental_responsibility" title="Corporate environmental responsibility">Corporate environmental responsibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_social_responsibility" title="Corporate social responsibility">Corporate social responsibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_accounting" title="Environmental accounting">Environmental accounting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_full-cost_accounting" title="Environmental full-cost accounting">Environmental full-cost accounting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_planning" title="Environmental planning">Environmental planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">Sustainability</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability_accounting" title="Sustainability accounting">Accounting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability_measurement" title="Sustainability measurement">Measurement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability_metrics_and_indices" title="Sustainability metrics and indices">Metrics and indices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability_reporting" title="Sustainability reporting">Reporting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability_standards_and_certification" title="Sustainability standards and certification">Standards and certification</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_yield" title="Sustainable yield">Sustainable yield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Applications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_advertising" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable advertising">Advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_art" title="Sustainable art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_business" title="Sustainable business">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_city" title="Sustainable city">City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_finance" title="Climate finance">Climate finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_community" title="Sustainable community">Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disinvestment" title="Disinvestment">Disinvestment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-capitalism" title="Eco-capitalism">Eco-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-cities" title="Eco-cities">Eco-cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-investing" title="Eco-investing">Eco-investing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-socialism" title="Eco-socialism">Eco-socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecovillage" title="Ecovillage">Ecovillage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_finance" title="Environmental finance">Environmental finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_economy" title="Green economy">Green economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability_in_construction" title="Sustainability in construction">Construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_fashion" title="Sustainable fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_finance" title="Sustainable finance">Finance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_gardening" title="Sustainable gardening">Gardening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geopark" title="Geopark">Geopark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentally_friendly" title="Environmentally friendly">Green</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_development" title="Green development">Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_infrastructure" title="Green infrastructure">Infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_marketing" title="Green marketing">Marketing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_roof" title="Green roof">Green roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greening" title="Greening">Greening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_investing" title="Impact investing">Impact investing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_landscape_architecture" title="Sustainable landscape architecture">Landscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_livelihood" title="Sustainable livelihood">Livelihood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_living" title="Sustainable living">Living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_market" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable market">Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_movement" title="Organic movement">Organic movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainability organizations">Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_procurement" title="Sustainable procurement">Procurement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_refurbishment" title="Sustainable refurbishment">Refurbishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socially_responsible_business" title="Socially responsible business">Socially responsible business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socially_responsible_marketing" title="Socially responsible marketing">Socially responsible marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_sanitation" title="Sustainable sanitation">Sanitation</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sourcing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_sustainability" title="Space sustainability">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability_organization" title="Sustainability organization">Sustainability organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_tourism" title="Sustainable tourism">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_transport" title="Sustainable transport">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_urban_drainage_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable urban drainage systems">Urban drainage systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_urban_infrastructure" title="Sustainable urban infrastructure">Urban infrastructure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_management" title="Sustainable management">Sustainable management</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability_and_environmental_management" title="Sustainability and environmental management">Environmental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_management" title="Fisheries management">Fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_forest_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable forest management">Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_capitalism" title="Humanistic capitalism">Humanistic capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_landscape_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated landscape management">Landscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_materials_management" title="Sustainable materials management">Materials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_resource_management" title="Natural resource management">Natural resource</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_management" title="Planetary management">Planetary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling" title="Recycling">Recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management" title="Waste management">Waste</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agreements and <br />conferences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_the_Human_Environment" title="United Nations Conference on the Human Environment"><span class="wrap">UN Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm 1972)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brundtland_Commission" title="Brundtland Commission">Brundtlandt Commission Report (1983)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Common_Future" title="Our Common Future"><i>Our Common Future</i> (1987)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Summit" title="Earth Summit">Earth Summit (1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Declaration_on_Environment_and_Development" title="Rio Declaration on Environment and Development">Rio Declaration on Environment and Development</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agenda_21" title="Agenda 21">Agenda 21 (1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_Biological_Diversity" title="Convention on Biological Diversity">Convention on Biological Diversity (1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Principles" title="Lisbon Principles">Lisbon Principles</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Charter" title="Earth Charter">Earth Charter</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Millennium_Declaration" title="United Nations Millennium Declaration">UN Millennium Declaration (2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Summit_2002" title="Earth Summit 2002">Earth Summit 2002</a> (Rio+10, Johannesburg)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_Sustainable_Development" title="United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development">UN Conference on Sustainable Development</a> (Rio+20, 2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goals" title="Sustainable Development Goals">Sustainable Development Goals</a> (2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Sustainability" title="Category:Sustainability">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Sustainability_lists" title="Category:Sustainability lists">Lists</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sustainability_science" title="Sustainability science">Science</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sustainability_studies" title="Sustainability studies">Studies</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_environmental_degrees" title="List of environmental degrees">Degrees</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_sourcing&oldid=1257811530">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_sourcing&oldid=1257811530</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sustainable_business" title="Category:Sustainable business">Sustainable business</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Procurement" title="Category:Procurement">Procurement</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Corporate_social_responsibility" title="Category:Corporate social responsibility">Corporate social responsibility</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_missing_periodical" title="Category:CS1 errors: missing periodical">CS1 errors: missing periodical</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 16 November 2024, at 19:26<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_sourcing&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.canary-556c5f94cd-krrjz","wgBackendResponseTime":140,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.621","walltime":"0.728","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2382,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":121803,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":189,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":7,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":2,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":161443,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 576.218 1 -total"," 32.49% 187.227 16 Template:Cite_journal"," 30.68% 176.788 1 Template:Climate_change_and_society"," 14.44% 83.190 20 Template:Cite_web"," 7.61% 43.877 1 Template:Sustainability"," 7.20% 41.495 1 Template:Navbox"," 2.94% 16.963 1 Template:Nowrap"," 2.76% 15.912 2 Template:Citation"," 2.68% 15.423 1 Template:Portal-inline"," 2.12% 12.215 4 Template:Icon"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.390","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":4857772,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n [\"text\"] = \"Portal\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-6fdd9f9b88-68wn7","timestamp":"20241130193535","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Sustainable sourcing","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sustainable_sourcing","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q106012470","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q106012470","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2021-03-03T21:46:58Z","dateModified":"2024-11-16T19:26:10Z"}</script> </body> </html>