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Language</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Arabic Language"> <meta name="keywords" content="Arabic Language"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Arabic Language"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 4002</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Arabic Language</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3732</span> The Facilitatory Effect of Phonological Priming on Visual Word Recognition in Arabic as a Function of Lexicality and Overlap Positions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Al%20Moussaoui">Ali Al Moussaoui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An experiment was designed to assess the performance of 24 Lebanese adults (mean age 29:5 years) in a lexical decision making (LDM) task to find out how the facilitatory effect of phonological priming (PP) affects the speed of visual word recognition in Arabic as lexicality (wordhood) and phonological overlap positions (POP) vary. The experiment falls in line with previous research on phonological priming in the light of the cohort theory and in relation to visual word recognition. The experiment also departs from the research on the Arabic language in which the importance of the consonantal root as a distinct morphological unit is confirmed. Based on previous research, it is hypothesized that (1) PP has a facilitating effect in LDM with words but not with nonwords and (2) final phonological overlap between the prime and the target is more facilitatory than initial overlap. An LDM task was programmed on PsychoPy application. Participants had to decide if a target (e.g., bayn ‘between’) preceded by a prime (e.g., bayt ‘house’) is a word or not. There were 4 conditions: no PP (NP), nonwords priming nonwords (NN), nonwords priming words (NW), and words priming words (WW). The conditions were simultaneously controlled for word length, wordhood, and POP. The interstimulus interval was 700 ms. Within the PP conditions, POP was controlled for in which there were 3 overlap positions between the primes and the targets: initial (e.g., asad ‘lion’ and asaf ‘sorrow’), final (e.g., kattab ‘cause to write’ 2sg-mas and rattab ‘organize’ 2sg-mas), or two-segmented (e.g., namle ‘ant’ and naħle ‘bee’). There were 96 trials, 24 in each condition, using a within-subject design. The results show that concerning (1), the highest average reaction time (RT) is that in NN, followed firstly by NW and finally by WW. There is statistical significance only between the pairs NN-NW and NN-WW. Regarding (2), the shortest RT is that in the two-segmented overlap condition, followed by the final POP in the first place and the initial POP in the last place. The difference between the two-segmented and the initial overlap is significant, while other pairwise comparisons are not. Based on these results, PP emerges as a facilitatory phenomenon that is highly sensitive to lexicality and POP. While PP can have a facilitating effect under lexicality, it shows no facilitation in its absence, which intersects with several previous findings. Participants are found to be more sensitive to the final phonological overlap than the initial overlap, which also coincides with a body of earlier literature. The results contradict the cohort theory’s stress on the onset overlap position and, instead, give more weight to final overlap, and even heavier weight to the two-segmented one. In conclusion, this study confirms the facilitating effect of PP with words but not when stimuli (at least the primes and at most both the primes and targets) are nonwords. It also shows that the two-segmented priming is the most influential in LDM in Arabic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lexicality" title="lexicality">lexicality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phonological%20overlap%20positions" title=" phonological overlap positions"> phonological overlap positions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phonological%20priming" title=" phonological priming"> phonological priming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20word%20recognition" title=" visual word recognition"> visual word recognition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97923/the-facilitatory-effect-of-phonological-priming-on-visual-word-recognition-in-arabic-as-a-function-of-lexicality-and-overlap-positions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97923.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">185</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3731</span> Intellectual Telepathy between Arabs and Pashtuns; Study of Their Proverbs as a Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shams%20Ul%20Hussain%20Zaheer">Shams Ul Hussain Zaheer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bibi%20Alia"> Bibi Alia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shehla%20Shams"> Shehla Shams</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the creation of human beings, almost all of them are blessed with the award of the power of expression, and this series starts from the life of Adam (A.S) in Paradise when he was blesses with language and knowledge and given priority upon the Angels. Later on, when the population spread and many other languages came into being, the method of the different people of different regions remained various. And when the Arabic was formed as a language after Ismail (A.S) and his sons spread in the gulf area, the words adopted from other gulf languages also became a part of this new language with it immense. Beside this, the tone of expression in other areas of the word was different, but the incidents, norms of bad and good, parameters for like and dislike, thinking styles, and rules of good and bad governance with social values remained round about the same. People practiced their lives according to the set norms everywhere in the world. Especially the two built, i.e., Hijaz and Khurasan, wherein Arabs and Pashtun accordingly were dwelling; it seems that their social values were much closed to each other. These norms reflect in various kinds of literature of both of the nations, but this article deals in with their proverbs specifically. This article discusses the intellectual telepathic between them in a research way. And put the defined similarities and dissimilarities between both in the proverb. And it also draws a sketch in front of readers that how the thinking and expression styles remains same in humans. As it belongs to a comparative analysis of the proverbs so, the same methodology has been adopted in the articles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intellectual%20telepathy" title="intellectual telepathy">intellectual telepathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hijaz" title=" hijaz"> hijaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arab" title=" arab"> arab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=khurasan" title=" khurasan"> khurasan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pashtun" title=" pashtun"> pashtun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proverbs" title=" proverbs"> proverbs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparison" title=" comparison"> comparison</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159575/intellectual-telepathy-between-arabs-and-pashtuns-study-of-their-proverbs-as-a-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159575.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">89</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3730</span> A Detailed Study of Sexism in Mizo Language</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20C.%20Laltleipuii">H. C. Laltleipuii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lalruatdiki%20Siakeng"> Lalruatdiki Siakeng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mizo is a language spoken by the natives of Mizoram in North-East India. The Mizo society is a patriarchal society and hence is encumbered with trails of sexism in its language. Sexist language expresses discrimination on the basis of gender. While women are primarily affected, it is not however limited to just the female gender. This paper focuses on the sexist language that reflects the discrimination of women in the male-dominated, male-centered society of the Mizo. The main purpose of this paper is to emphasize with details, sexism that can be found in three aspects of language: in the naming of animate and inanimate objects or words in general, in the idioms and phrases and proverbs. This study will also take into account the gender neutral terms that are in use in the language. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title="gender">gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mizo" title=" Mizo"> Mizo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patriarchy" title=" patriarchy"> patriarchy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexism" title=" sexism"> sexism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64627/a-detailed-study-of-sexism-in-mizo-language" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64627.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">411</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3729</span> Inclusion in Rabbinic and Protestant Translations of the Hebrew book of Proverbs (1865) History of Translations and Cultural Inclusion Terms of Reference</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mh.%20D%20Tammam%20Ayoubi">Mh. D Tammam Ayoubi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Old Testament has been translated into many languages, including Arabic. There have been consecutive translations of it since Islamic antiquity. The Rabbinic translation, which rendered the Hebrew text into Arabic without a linguistic medium, appeared later. It was followed by several Orthodox and Jesuit trials, including the Protestant translation. Those two translations were chosen to study the book of Proverbs, which is classified as one of the books of Wisdom; something that distances it from being either symbolical or historical and makes the translation the subject of the translator's ideology starting from the incorporated cultural element be it Jewish, Aramaic or Islamist (Mu'tazila) of the first translation, or through the choice of the equivalent signs of origin, and the neutralization of the Rabbinic, Arabic, and Greek element of the second translation. The various Protestant translation of different authors has contributed to the multiplicity of the term of reference, mostly Christian, in contrast with the single reference of one author, which carries multiple conflicting cultural facades when it comes to the Rabbinic translation. This has led to a change in the origin through the inclusion of those various verbal or interpretative elements in the book of Proverbs, which will be examined in the verses through a comparative study with the original Hebrew text or the cultural terms or references. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rabbinic%20and%20protestant%20translations" title="rabbinic and protestant translations">rabbinic and protestant translations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=book%20of%20proverbs" title=" book of proverbs"> book of proverbs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hebrew" title=" hebrew"> hebrew</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protestant%20translation" title=" protestant translation"> protestant translation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163583/inclusion-in-rabbinic-and-protestant-translations-of-the-hebrew-book-of-proverbs-1865-history-of-translations-and-cultural-inclusion-terms-of-reference" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163583.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3728</span> Effects of Unfamiliar Orthography on the Lexical Encoding of Novel Phonological Features</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asmaa%20Shehata">Asmaa Shehata</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Prior research indicates that second language (L2) learners encounter difficulty in the distinguishing novel L2 contrasting sounds that are not contrastive in their native languages. L2 orthographic information, however, is found to play a positive role in the acquisition of non-native phoneme contrasts. While most studies have mainly involved a familiar written script (i.e., the Roman script), the influence of a foreign, unfamiliar script is still unknown. Therefore, the present study asks: Does unfamiliar L2 script play a role in creating distinct phonological representations of novel contrasting phonemes? It is predicted that subjects’ performance in the unfamiliar orthography group will outperform their counterparts’ performance in the control group. Thus, training that entails orthographic inputs can yield a significant improvement in L2 adult learners’ identification and lexical encoding of novel L2 consonant contrasts. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for the type of input introduced to L2 learners to improve their language learning. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consonant%20contrasts" title=" consonant contrasts"> consonant contrasts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20script" title=" foreign script"> foreign script</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lexical%20encoding" title=" lexical encoding"> lexical encoding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthography" title=" orthography"> orthography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=word%20learning" title=" word learning"> word learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55226/effects-of-unfamiliar-orthography-on-the-lexical-encoding-of-novel-phonological-features" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55226.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3727</span> Reflections of AB English Students on Their English Language Experiences</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roger%20G.%20Pagente%20Jr.">Roger G. Pagente Jr.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study seeks to investigate the language learning experiences of the thirty-nine AB-English majors who were selected through fish-bowl technique from the 157 students enrolled in the AB-English program. Findings taken from the diary, questionnaire and unstructured interview revealed that motivation, learners’ belief, self-monitoring, language anxiety, activities and strategies were the prevailing factors that influenced the learning of English of the participants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diary" title="diary">diary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English%20language%20learning%20experiences" title=" English language learning experiences"> English language learning experiences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-monitoring" title=" self-monitoring"> self-monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20anxiety" title=" language anxiety"> language anxiety</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29231/reflections-of-ab-english-students-on-their-english-language-experiences" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29231.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">606</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3726</span> The Role of Official Languages and Language Training Policy in Adult Immigrant Integration in Canada</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lillie%20Lum">Lillie Lum</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Focusing on the role of official language in immigrant integration, this paper will first report the results of a literature review and demonstrate that there is no doubt on the necessity of adequate language skills for newcomers to successfully settle, adapt, and integrate socially, culturally and economically in Canada. This paper attempts to synthesize the literature in order to shed light on the language policy terrain which is not easy to navigate. Then, by outlining what is currently available in the language policy environment, it will ask if the current state of language training in Canada is adequate to assist newcomers in their language acquisition process. At a deeper level, it aims to continue to raise questions in this policy area. Are current policy responses likely to improve linguistic capabilities in the future, particularly for immigrant workers with poor language proficiency? This paper is timely given the magnitude of the language issue and the value of immigrants for Canada’s economic, social, and political vitality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=official%20language%20education" title="official language education">official language education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immigrant%20integration%20into%20Canada" title=" immigrant integration into Canada"> immigrant integration into Canada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20factors" title=" economic factors"> economic factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=policy%20implications" title=" policy implications"> policy implications</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46455/the-role-of-official-languages-and-language-training-policy-in-adult-immigrant-integration-in-canada" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46455.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3725</span> Student's Reluctance in Oral Participation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soumia%20Hebbri">Soumia Hebbri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> English language has become a major medium for communication across borders. Nowadays, it is seen as a communicative medium not only for business but also for academic purposes. Some scientists describe English language as a way to enjoy an admired position in many countries. It is neither a national nor an official language in North Africa; it is considered as the most widely taught foreign language at the educational system. In order to achieve mastery of a foreign language, learners must develop the four principal language skills: Reading, writing, listening and speaking. However, being able to interact orally with others, using effectively the target language, is nowadays very important. People who cannot speak a foreign language cannot be considered effective language users, even if they can read and understand it. The teachers’ role in promoting foreign language acquisition is very important, as they are responsible for providing students appropriate contexts to foster communicative situations that allow students to express themselves and interact in the target language. So, we should understand the student’s reasons of their reluctance in oral participation when dealing with oral communicative tasks, in order to get insights about the possible motivating factors that may improve their involvement and participation in the classroom. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EL" title="EL">EL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EFL" title=" EFL"> EFL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ET" title=" ET"> ET</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TEFL" title=" TEFL"> TEFL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication" title=" communication"> communication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28792/students-reluctance-in-oral-participation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28792.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">503</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3724</span> De-Learning Language at Preschool: A Case of Nepal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meenakshi%20Dahal">Meenakshi Dahal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Generally, children start verbal communication by the age of eighteen months. Though they have difficulties in constructing complete sentences, they try to make their thought s understandable to the audience. By the age of 36 months, when they enroll in preschool, their Language and communication skills are enhanced. Children need plenty of classroom experiences that will help them to develop their oral language skills. Oral language is the primary means through which each individual child is enabled to structure, evaluate, describe and to express his/her experiences. In the context of multi lingual and multi-cultural country like Nepal, the languages used in preschool and the communities vary. In such a case, the language of instruction in the preschool is different from the language used by the children to communicate at home. Using qualitative research method the socio-cultural aspect of the language learning has been analyzed. This has been done by analyzing and exploring preschool activities as well as the language of instruction and communication in the preschools in rural Nepal. It is found that the language of instruction is different from the language of communications primarily used by the children. Teachers seldom use local language resulting in difficulties for the children to understand. Instead of recognizing their linguistic, social and cultural capitals teachers conform to using the Nepali language which the children are not familiar with. Children have to adapt to new language structures and patterns of usage resulting them to be slow in oral language and communication in the preschool. The paper concludes that teachers have to recognize the linguistic capitals of the children and schools need to be responsible to facilitate this process for all children, whatever their language background. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title="children">children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language" title=" language"> language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preschool" title=" preschool"> preschool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio-culture" title=" socio-culture"> socio-culture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41817/de-learning-language-at-preschool-a-case-of-nepal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41817.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">392</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3723</span> Some Considerations on UML Class Diagram Formalisation Approaches</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20A.%20H.%20Alzahrani">Abdullah A. H. Alzahrani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majd%20Zohri%20Yafi"> Majd Zohri Yafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fawaz%20K.%20Alarfaj"> Fawaz K. Alarfaj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Unified Modelling Language (UML) is a software modelling language that is widely used and accepted. One significant drawback, of which, is that the language lacks formality. This makes carrying out any type of rigorous analysis difficult process. Many researchers attempt to introduce their approaches to formalize UML diagrams. However, it is always hard to decide what language and/or approach to use. Therefore, in this paper, we highlight some of the advantages and disadvantages of number of those approaches. We also try to compare different counterpart approaches. In addition, we draw some guidelines to help in choosing the suitable approach. Special concern is given to the formalization of the static aspects of UML shown is class diagrams. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UML%20formalization" title="UML formalization">UML formalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=object%20constraints%20language" title=" object constraints language"> object constraints language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=description%20logic" title=" description logic"> description logic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=z%20language" title=" z language"> z language</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9007/some-considerations-on-uml-class-diagram-formalisation-approaches" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9007.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">434</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3722</span> Some Specialized Prosaic Arts of the Ancient Arabic Literature; An Introductory Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shams%20Ul%20Hussain%20Zaheer">Shams Ul Hussain Zaheer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bakht%20Rahman"> Bakht Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shehla%20Shams"> Shehla Shams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bibi%20Alia"> Bibi Alia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Arabic literature, from the very past, is divided into two basic parts: prose and poetry. It will not be wrong if it is said that this division of literature is found even in the era of ignorance (before-Islam). In this period, prose was given a kind of ignorance while poetry was given much significance since people showed deeper interest in its melodious impact while listening and singing as compared to prose writing. Because poetry was directly appealing to the emotions of the people, it was celebrated as universal genre and prose remained in a subordinate position due to its diction. Despite this attitude towards the genre of prose, some of the prosaic arts were orally transmitted from one generation to another during the era of ignorance. Later on, in the Omayyad and Abbasside periods, when literature was properly classified, this art was given its proper placement in the history. In this connection, there are three important aspects of this genre i.e. will, tales, and sacerdotal words. This paper traces the historical background of these categories and how they contributed to the modern understanding of literature in terms of its diction, themes, and kinds of prose writing. This is a descriptive and qualitative research which will add insight into the role these terms can play in understanding the thinking and inclination of people in the days of ignorance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabic%20literature" title="Arabic literature">Arabic literature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=era%20of%20ignorance" title=" era of ignorance"> era of ignorance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prose" title=" prose"> prose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=special%20arts" title=" special arts"> special arts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analysis" title=" analysis"> analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160014/some-specialized-prosaic-arts-of-the-ancient-arabic-literature-an-introductory-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160014.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">92</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3721</span> A Comparative Study of Language Learning Strategy Use of Iranian Kurdish Bilingual and Persian Monolingual in EFL Context </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Khani">Reza Khani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ziba%20Hosseini"> Ziba Hosseini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was an attempt to investigate the difference between learners of Iranian Kurdish–Persian bilingual language and Persian monolinguals, regarding language strategy use (LLS). The participants of the study were 120 monolingual Persian and 120 bilingual Kurdish studying English as a foreign language (EFL). Data were collected using strategy inventory for language learning SILL. The results show bilingual reported higher use of language learning strategies in all categories of SILL except memory strategies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20learning" title="language learning">language learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=memory" title=" memory"> memory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monolingual" title=" monolingual"> monolingual</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparative%20study" title=" comparative study"> comparative study</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23847/a-comparative-study-of-language-learning-strategy-use-of-iranian-kurdish-bilingual-and-persian-monolingual-in-efl-context" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23847.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3720</span> Teaching English Language through Religious English Literature</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Smriti%20Mary%20Gupta">Smriti Mary Gupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article intends to show how literature may be used in language classes to develop student’s knowledge of English. First, we examine the evolution of literature in the language classroom, then we give account of some reasons that justify its use in language classes, of the role of reading in language development, and of the way poetry is treated in the ESL classroom. This paper aims to emphasize the use of literature as a popular tool to teach language skills (i.e. reading, writing, listening and speaking), language areas (i.e. vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation) as well as moral teachings, which is the necessity in present time. Reason for using religious literary texts in foreign language classroom and main criteria for selecting suitable religious literary texts in foreign language classes are stressed so as to make the reader familiar with the underlying reasons and criteria for language teachers, using and selecting religious literary texts. Moreover, religious literature and teaching of language skills, benefits the different genres of religious literature (i.e. poetry, fiction and drama), and also gaining knowledge of a particular religion through language teaching but some problems had been observed by language teachers within the area of English through religious literature (i.e. lack of preparation in the area of literature teaching in TESL/TEFL programs, absence of clarity in objectives defining the role of literature in ESL/EFL), language teachers not having the background, training and appropriate knowledge in religious literature, lack of pedagogically-designed teaching material that can be used by language teachers in a classroom. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religious%20literature" title="religious literature">religious literature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20literature" title=" teaching literature"> teaching literature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20of%20language%20skills" title=" teaching of language skills"> teaching of language skills</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20language%20teaching" title=" foreign language teaching"> foreign language teaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=literary%20competence" title=" literary competence"> literary competence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36840/teaching-english-language-through-religious-english-literature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36840.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">525</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3719</span> Analyzing Political Cartoons in Arabic-Language Media after Trump's Jerusalem Move: A Multimodal Discourse Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inas%20Hussein">Inas Hussein</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Communication in the modern world is increasingly becoming multimodal due to globalization and the digital space we live in which have remarkably affected how people communicate. Accordingly, Multimodal Discourse Analysis (MDA) is an emerging paradigm in discourse studies with the underlying assumption that other semiotic resources such as images, colours, scientific symbolism, gestures, actions, music and sound, etc. combine with language in order to  communicate meaning. One of the effective multimodal media that combines both verbal and non-verbal elements to create meaning is political cartoons. Furthermore, since political and social issues are mirrored in political cartoons, these are regarded as potential objects of discourse analysis since they not only reflect the thoughts of the public but they also have the power to influence them. The aim of this paper is to analyze some selected cartoons on the recognition of Jerusalem as Israel's capital by the American President, Donald Trump, adopting a multimodal approach. More specifically, the present research examines how the various semiotic tools and resources utilized by the cartoonists function in projecting the intended meaning. Ten political cartoons, among a surge of editorial cartoons highlighted by the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) - an international Jewish non-governmental organization based in the United States - as publications in different Arabic-language newspapers in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Oman, Iran and UK, were purposively selected for semiotic analysis. These editorial cartoons, all published during 6<sup>th</sup>–18<sup>th</sup> December 2017, invariably suggest one theme: Jewish and Israeli domination of the United States. The data were analyzed using the framework of Visual Social Semiotics. In accordance with this methodological framework, the selected visual compositions were analyzed in terms of three aspects of meaning: representational, interactive and compositional. In analyzing the selected cartoons, an interpretative approach is being adopted. This approach prioritizes depth to breadth and enables insightful analyses of the chosen cartoons. The findings of the study reveal that semiotic resources are key elements of political cartoons due to the inherent political communication they convey. It is proved that adequate interpretation of the three aspects of meaning is a prerequisite for understanding the intended meaning of political cartoons. It is recommended that further research should be conducted to provide more insightful analyses of political cartoons from a multimodal perspective. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Multimodal%20Discourse%20Analysis%20%28MDA%29" title="Multimodal Discourse Analysis (MDA)">Multimodal Discourse Analysis (MDA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multimodal%20text" title=" multimodal text"> multimodal text</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20cartoons" title=" political cartoons"> political cartoons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20modality" title=" visual modality"> visual modality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99614/analyzing-political-cartoons-in-arabic-language-media-after-trumps-jerusalem-move-a-multimodal-discourse-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99614.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">240</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3718</span> Dialect as a Means of Identification among Hausa Speakers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Sabo">Hassan Sabo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Language is a system of conventionally spoken, manual and written symbols by human beings that members of a certain social group and participants in its culture express themselves. Communication, expression of identity and imaginative expression are among the functions of language. Dialect is a form of language, or a regional variety of language that is spoken in a particular geographical setting by a particular group of people. Hausa is one of the major languages in Africa, in terms of large number of people for whom it is the first language. Hausa is one of the western Chadic groups of languages. It constitutes one of the five or six branches of Afro-Asiatic family. The predominant Hausa speakers are in Nigeria and they live in different geographical locations which resulted to variety of dialects within the Hausa language apart of the standard Hausa language, the Hausa language has a variety of dialect that distinguish from one another by such features as phonology, grammar and vocabulary. This study intends to examine such features that serve as means of identification among Hausa speakers who are set off from others, geographically or socially. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dialect" title="dialect">dialect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=features" title=" features"> features</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geographical%20location" title=" geographical location"> geographical location</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hausa%20language" title=" Hausa language"> Hausa language</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81241/dialect-as-a-means-of-identification-among-hausa-speakers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81241.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3717</span> [Keynote Talk]: Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) for Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL/ESOL) as a Foreign Language (TEFL/EFL), Second Language (TESL/ESL), or Additional Language (TEAL/EAL)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Laghos">Andrew Laghos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Computer-assisted language learning (CALL) is defined as the use of computers to help learn languages. In this study we look at several different types of CALL tools and applications and how they can assist Adults and Young Learners in learning the English language as a foreign, second or additional language. It is important to identify the roles of the teacher and the learners, and what the learners’ motivations are for learning the language. Audio, video, interactive multimedia games, online translation services, conferencing, chat rooms, discussion forums, social networks, social media, email communication, songs and music video clips are just some of the many ways computers are currently being used to enhance language learning. CALL may be used for classroom teaching as well as for online and mobile learning. Advantages and disadvantages of CALL are discussed and the study ends with future predictions of CALL. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer-assisted%20language%20learning%20%28CALL%29" title="computer-assisted language learning (CALL)">computer-assisted language learning (CALL)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20English%20as%20a%20foreign%20language%20%28TEFL%2FEFL%29" title=" teaching English as a foreign language (TEFL/EFL)"> teaching English as a foreign language (TEFL/EFL)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adult%20learners" title=" adult learners"> adult learners</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=young%20learners" title=" young learners"> young learners</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47997/keynote-talk-computer-assisted-language-learning-call-for-teaching-english-to-speakers-of-other-languages-tesolesol-as-a-foreign-language-teflefl-second-language-teslesl-or-additional-language-tealeal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47997.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">434</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3716</span> English Language Teaching and Learning Analysis in Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Zarrabi">F. Zarrabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20R.%20Brown"> J. R. Brown</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Although English is not a second language in Iran, it has become an inseparable part of many Iranian people’s lives and is becoming more and more widespread. This high demand has caused a significant increase in the number of private English language institutes in Iran. Although English is a compulsory course in schools and universities, the majority of Iranian people are unable to communicate easily in English. This paper reviews the current state of teaching and learning English as an international language in Iran. Attitudes and motivations about learning English are reviewed. Five different aspects of using English within the country are analysed, including: English in public domain, English in Media, English in organizations/businesses, English in education, and English in private language institutes. Despite the time and money spent on English language courses in private language institutes, the majority of learners seem to forget what has been learned within months of completing their course. That is, when they are students with the support of the teacher and formal classes, they appear to make progress and use English more or less fluently. When this support is removed, their language skills either stagnant or regress. The findings of this study suggest that a dependant approach to learning is potentially one of the main reasons for English language learning problems and this is encouraged by English course books and approaches to teaching. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English%20in%20Iran" title="English in Iran">English in Iran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English%20language%20learning" title=" English language learning"> English language learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English%20language%20teaching" title=" English language teaching"> English language teaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaluation" title=" evaluation"> evaluation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59754/english-language-teaching-and-learning-analysis-in-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59754.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">418</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3715</span> Implementation of Computer-Based Technologies into Foreign Language Teaching Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Golovchun%20Aleftina">Golovchun Aleftina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dabyltayeva%20Raikhan"> Dabyltayeva Raikhan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, in the world of widely developing cross-cultural interactions and rapidly changing demands of the global labor market, foreign language teaching and learning has taken a special role not only in school education but also in everyday life. Cognitive Lingua-Cultural Methodology of Foreign Language Teaching originated in Kazakhstan brings a communicative approach to the forefront in foreign language teaching that gives raise a variety of techniques to make the language learning a real communication. One of these techniques is Computer Assisted Language Learning. In our article, we aim to: demonstrate what learning benefits students are likely to get by teachers having implemented computer-based technologies into foreign language teaching process; prove that technology-based classroom serves as the best tool for interactive and efficient language learning; give examples of classroom sufficient organization with computer-based activities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20assisted%20language%20learning" title="computer assisted language learning">computer assisted language learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20benefits" title=" learning benefits"> learning benefits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20language%20teaching%20process" title=" foreign language teaching process"> foreign language teaching process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=implementation" title=" implementation"> implementation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communicative%20approach" title=" communicative approach"> communicative approach</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6819/implementation-of-computer-based-technologies-into-foreign-language-teaching-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6819.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">473</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3714</span> Armenian in the Jordanian Linguistic Landscape: Marginalisation and Revitalisation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20Alomoush">Omar Alomoush</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper examines the Armenian language in the linguistic landscape of Jordanian cities. The results indicate that Armenian is chiefly marginalised in the LL. By quantitative and qualitative methods, the current study attempts to identify the main reasons behind this marginalisation. In the light of the fact that Armenian is completely absent from the commercial streets of major Jordanian cities, all monolingual and multilingual signs in Armenian Neighbourhood in Amman city are photographed to identify them according to function and language. To provide plausible explanations for the marginalisation of the Armenian language in the LL, the current study builds upon issues of language maintenance and underlying language policy. According to the UNESCO Endangerment Framework, it can be assumed that Armenian is a vulnerable language, even though the Armenian Church exerted great efforts to revitalise Armenian in all social settings, including the LL. It was found that language policies enacted by the state of Jordan, language shift, language hostility, voluntary migration and economic pressures are among the reasons behind this marginalisation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linguistic%20landscape" title="linguistic landscape">linguistic landscape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilingualism" title=" multilingualism"> multilingualism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Armenian" title=" Armenian"> Armenian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marginalisation%20and%20revitalisation" title=" marginalisation and revitalisation"> marginalisation and revitalisation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60573/armenian-in-the-jordanian-linguistic-landscape-marginalisation-and-revitalisation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60573.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">261</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3713</span> Reciprocal Interferences in Bilingual English-Igbo Speaking Society: The Implications in Language Pedagogy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ugwu%20Elias%20Ikechukwu">Ugwu Elias Ikechukwu </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Discussions on bilingualism have always dwelt on how the mother tongue interferes with the target language. This interference is considered a serious problem in second language learning. Usually, the interference has been phonological. But the objective of this research is to explore how the target language interferes with the mother tongue. In the case of the Igbo language, it interferes with English mostly at the phonological level while English interferes with Igbo at the realm of vocabulary. The result is a new language \"Engligbo\" which is a hybrid of English and Igbo. The Igbo language spoken by about 25 million people is one of the three most prominent languages in Nigeria. This paper discusses the phenomenal Engligbo, and other implications for Igbo learners of English. The method of analysis is descriptive. A number of recommendations were made that would help teachers handle problems arising from such mutual interferences. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reciprocal%20interferences" title="reciprocal interferences">reciprocal interferences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilingualism" title=" bilingualism"> bilingualism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=implications" title=" implications"> implications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20pedagogy" title=" language pedagogy "> language pedagogy </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3835/reciprocal-interferences-in-bilingual-english-igbo-speaking-society-the-implications-in-language-pedagogy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3835.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">398</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3712</span> Spoken Subcorpus of the Kazakh Language: History, Content, Methodology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuralay%20Bimoldaevna%20Kuderinova">Kuralay Bimoldaevna Kuderinova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beisenkhan%20Samal"> Beisenkhan Samal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The history of creating a linguistic corpus in Kazakh linguistics begins only in 2016. Though within this short period of time, the linguistic corpus has become a national corpus and its several subcorpora, namely historical, cultural, spoken, dialectological, writers’ subcorpus, proverbs subcorpus and poetic texts subcorpus, have appeared and are working effectively. Among them, the spoken corpus has its own characteristics. The Kazakh language is one of the languages belonging to the Kypchak-Nogai group of Turkic peoples. The Kazakh language is a language that, as a part of the former Soviet Union, was directly influenced by the Russian language and underwent major changes in its spoken and written forms. After the Republic of Kazakhstan gained independence, the Kazakh language received the status of the state language in 1991. However, today, the prestige of the Russian language is still higher than that of the Kazakh language. Therefore, the direct influence of the Russian language on the structure, style, and vocabulary of the Kazakh language continues. In particular, it can be said that the national practice of the spoken language is disappearing, as the spoken form of Kazakh is not used in official gatherings and events of state importance. In this regard, it is very important to collect and preserve examples of spoken language. Recording exemplary spoken texts, converting them into written form, and providing their audio along with orphoepic explanations will serve as a valuable tool for teaching and learning the Kazakh language. Therefore, the report will cover interesting aspects and scientific foundations related to the creation, content, and methodology of the oral subcorpus of the Kazakh language. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spoken%20corpus" title="spoken corpus">spoken corpus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazakh%20language" title=" Kazakh language"> Kazakh language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthoepic%20norm" title=" orthoepic norm"> orthoepic norm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LLM" title=" LLM"> LLM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192605/spoken-subcorpus-of-the-kazakh-language-history-content-methodology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192605.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">8</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3711</span> The Application of Computer and Technology in Language Teaching and Learning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pouya%20Vakili">Pouya Vakili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since computers were first introduced into educational facilities, foreign language educators have been faced with the problem of integrating high-tech multimedia techniques into a traditional text-based curriculum. As studies of language teaching have pointed out, ‘Language teaching tends in practice to be eclectic…. There are not only exceptionally many paths and educational means for arriving at a given educational goal, but there are also many types of educational materials which can be used to achieve that goal’. For language educators who are trying to incorporate technology into their curricula, the choices seem endless. Yet the quantity, as well as the limitations, of available computer programs does not guarantee that these programs can be successfully integrated into a curriculum. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curriculum" title="curriculum">curriculum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20teaching" title=" language teaching"> language teaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning" title=" learning"> learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multimedia" title=" multimedia"> multimedia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology" title=" technology "> technology </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27092/the-application-of-computer-and-technology-in-language-teaching-and-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27092.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">574</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3710</span> Culture Sensitization: Understanding German Culture by Learning German</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lakshmi%20Shenoy">Lakshmi Shenoy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In today’s era of Globalization, arises the need that students and professionals relocate temporarily or permanently to another country in order to pursue their respective academic and career goals. This involves not only learning the local language of the country but also integrating oneself into the native culture. This paper explains the method of understanding a nation’s culture through the study of its language. The method uses language not as a series of rules that connect words together but as a social practice in which one can actively participate. It emphasizes on how culture provides an environment in which languages can flourish and how culture dictates the interpretation of the language especially in case of German. This paper introduces language and culture as inseparable entities, as two sides of the same coin. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20and%20culture" title="language and culture">language and culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sociolinguistics" title=" sociolinguistics"> sociolinguistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ronald%20Wardhaugh" title=" Ronald Wardhaugh"> Ronald Wardhaugh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=German" title=" German "> German </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82455/culture-sensitization-understanding-german-culture-by-learning-german" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82455.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">305</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3709</span> English and the Question of National Language in Nigeria </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Foyewa%20R.%20A.">Foyewa R. A.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper examined the role of English language and the quest for a national language in Nigeria. Various hindrances to the choice of a national language in Nigeria were observed. These include: The dominant role of English language, political instability and multilingual nature of the country. The writer suggested that ’’the three big’’ that is, Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba should be selected as the national languages. It was also suggested that a credit pass in a student’s mother tongue and one of “the three big” (Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba) should constitute the prerequisite for admission into Nigerian higher institutions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English" title="English">English</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roles%20of%20English" title=" roles of English"> roles of English</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20language" title=" national language"> national language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigerian%20languages" title=" Nigerian languages"> Nigerian languages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hausa" title=" Hausa"> Hausa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Igbo" title=" Igbo"> Igbo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoruba" title=" Yoruba"> Yoruba</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31433/english-and-the-question-of-national-language-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31433.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">789</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3708</span> The Pen Is Mightier than the Sword: Kurdish Language Policy in Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irene%20Yi">Irene Yi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper analyzes the development of Kurdish language endangerment in Turkey and Kurdish language education over time. It examines the historical context of the Turkish state, as well as reasons for the Turkish language hegemony. From a linguistic standpoint, the Kurdish language is in danger of extinction despite a large number of speakers, lest Kurdish language education is more widely promoted. The paper argues that Kurdish is no longer in a stable diglossic state; if the current trends continue, the language will lose its vitality. This paper recognizes the importance of education in preserving the language while discussing the changing political and institutional regard for Kurdish education. Lastly, the paper outlines solutions to the issue by looking at a variety of proposals, from creating a Kurdistan to merely changing the linguistic landscape in Turkey. After analysis of possible solutions in terms of realistic ability and effectiveness, the paper concludes that changing linguistic landscape and increasing Kurdish language education are the most ideal first steps in a long fight for Kurdish linguistic equality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endangered" title="endangered">endangered</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kurdish" title=" Kurdish"> Kurdish</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oppression" title=" oppression"> oppression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=policy" title=" policy"> policy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123718/the-pen-is-mightier-than-the-sword-kurdish-language-policy-in-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123718.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3707</span> Degemination in Emirati Pidgin Arabic: A Sociolinguistic Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdel%20Rahman%20Mitib%20Altakhaineh">Abdel Rahman Mitib Altakhaineh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Salam%20Mohamad%20Alnamer"> Abdul Salam Mohamad Alnamer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sulafah%20Abdul%20Salam%20Alnamer"> Sulafah Abdul Salam Alnamer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examines the production of gemination in Emirati Pidgin Arabic (EPA) spoken by blue-collar workers in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). A simple naming test was designed to test the production of geminates and a follow-up discussion was conducted with some of the participants to obtain the complementary qualitative analysis. The goal of the test was to determine whether the EPA speakers would produce a geminated or degeminated phoneme. A semi-structured interview was conducted with a subset of the study cohort to obtain participants’ own explanation where they degeminated the consonants. Our findings suggest that the exercising of this choice functions as a sociolinguistic strategy in a similar manner to that observed by Labov in his study of Martha’s Vineyard. The findings also show that speakers of EPA are inclined to degeminate consonantal geminates to establish themselves as members of a particular social group. Reasons for wanting to achieve this aim were given as: to claim privileges only available to members of this group (such as employment) and to distinguish themselves from the dominant cultural group. The study concludes that degemination in EPA has developed into a sociolinguistic solidarity marker. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sociolinguistics" title="sociolinguistics">sociolinguistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphophonology" title=" morphophonology"> morphophonology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degemination" title=" degemination"> degemination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solidarity" title=" solidarity"> solidarity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emirati%20pidgin%20Arabic" title=" Emirati pidgin Arabic"> Emirati pidgin Arabic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141676/degemination-in-emirati-pidgin-arabic-a-sociolinguistic-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141676.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">209</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3706</span> Developing Kazakh Language Fluency Test in Nazarbayev University </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saule%20Mussabekova">Saule Mussabekova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samal%20Abzhanova"> Samal Abzhanova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Kazakh Language Fluency Test, based on the IELTS exam, was implemented in 2012 at Nazarbayev University in Astana, Kazakhstan. We would like to share our experience in developing this exam and some exam results with other language instructors. In this paper, we will cover all these peculiarities and their related issues. The Kazakh Language Fluency Test is a young exam. During its development, we faced many difficulties. One of the goals of the university and the country is to encourage fluency in the Kazakh language for all citizens of the Republic. Nazarbayev University has introduced a Kazakh language program to assist in achieving this goal. This policy is one-step in ensuring that NU students have a thorough understanding of the Kazakh language through a fluency test based on the International English Language Testing System (IELTS). The Kazakh Language Fluency Test exam aims to determine student’s knowledge of Kazakh language. The fact is that there are three types of students at Nazarbayev University: Kazakh-speaking heritage learners, Russian-speaking and English-speaking students. Unfortunately, we have Kazakh students who do not speak Kazakh. All students who finished school with Russian language instruction are given Kazakh Language Fluency Test in order to determine their Kazakh level. After the test exam, all students can choose appropriate Kazakh course: Basic Kazakh, Intermediate Kazakh and Upper-Intermediate Kazakh. The Kazakh Language Fluency Test consists of four parts: Listening, Reading, Writing and Speaking. They are taken on the same day in the abovementioned order. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagnostic%20test" title="diagnostic test">diagnostic test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kazakh%20language" title=" kazakh language"> kazakh language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=placement%20test" title=" placement test"> placement test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=test%20result" title=" test result"> test result</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46325/developing-kazakh-language-fluency-test-in-nazarbayev-university" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46325.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">406</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3705</span> Foreign Language Curriculum of Mongolian Higher Educational Institutions, Problems and Solutions: In the Example of the Curriculum at National University of Mongolia </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sainbilegt%20Dashdorj">Sainbilegt Dashdorj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Delgerekhtsetseg%20Tsedev"> Delgerekhtsetseg Tsedev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Odontuya%20Mishigdorj"> Odontuya Mishigdorj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bat-Uchral%20Ganzorigt"> Bat-Uchral Ganzorigt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To develop a content-based recommendation of foreign language teaching for foreign language majoring and non-majoring classes at domestic universities by comparing the current situation, the environmental conditions, the curriculum, the plan, the content and so on of Mongolian foreign language teaching with the ones at the universities in the education development leading countries was set as the main goal and thus, it is considered to become an important step not only for solving an urgent foreign language teaching issue at Mongolian higher educational institutions but also for enhancing the foreign language knowledge of the national human resource in the globalizing world. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CEFR" title="CEFR">CEFR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=content%20standart" title=" content standart"> content standart</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20curriculum" title=" language curriculum"> language curriculum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilingualism" title=" multilingualism"> multilingualism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35509/foreign-language-curriculum-of-mongolian-higher-educational-institutions-problems-and-solutions-in-the-example-of-the-curriculum-at-national-university-of-mongolia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35509.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">577</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3704</span> English as a Foreign Language for Deaf Students in the K-12 Schools in Turkey: A Policy Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cigdem%20Fidan">Cigdem Fidan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Deaf students in Turkey generally do not have access to foreign language classes. However, the knowledge of foreign languages, especially English, is important for them to access knowledge and other opportunities in the globalizing world. In addition, learning any language including foreign languages is a basic linguistic human right. This study applies critical discourse analysis to examine language ideologies, perceptions of deafness and current language and education policies used for deaf education in Turkey. The findings show that representation of deafness as a disability in policy documents, ignorance the role of sign languages in education and lack of policies that support foreign language education for the deaf may result in inaccessibility of foreign language education for deaf students in Turkey. The paper concludes with recommendations for policymakers, practitioners, and advocates for the deaf. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deaf%20learners" title="deaf learners">deaf learners</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English%20as%20a%20foreign%20language" title=" English as a foreign language"> English as a foreign language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20policy" title=" language policy"> language policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linguistic%20human%20rights" title=" linguistic human rights"> linguistic human rights</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86623/english-as-a-foreign-language-for-deaf-students-in-the-k-12-schools-in-turkey-a-policy-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86623.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">381</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3703</span> Sociolinguistics and Language Change</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Banazzouz%20Halima">Banazzouz Halima</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Throughout the ages, language has been viewed not only as a simple code of communicating information but rather as the most powerful and versatile medium of maintaining relationships with other people. While,by the end of the 18th century, such matters of scientific investigation concerning the study of human language began to occur under the scope of “Linguistics” generally defined as the scientific study of language. Linguistics, thus, provides a growing body of scientific knowledge about language which can guide the activity of the language teacher and student as well. Moreover,as times passed, the linguistic development engaged language in a broadly practiced academic discipline having relationship with other sciences such as: psychology, sociology, anthropology etc. Therefore, “Sociolinguistics” was given birth during the 1960’s. In fact, the given abstract is mainly linguistic, inserted under the scope of “Sociolinguistics” and by far it highlights on the process of linguistic variation and language change to show that all languages change through time and linguistic systems may vary from one speech community to another providing there is a sense of vitality where people of different parts of the globe may mutually and intelligibly communicate and comprehend each other. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20change-sociolinguistics" title="language change-sociolinguistics">language change-sociolinguistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20context-speech%20community" title=" social context-speech community"> social context-speech community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vitality%20of%20language" title=" vitality of language"> vitality of language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linguistic%20variation" title=" linguistic variation"> linguistic variation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20dialectology" title=" urban dialectology"> urban dialectology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20dialectology" title=" urban dialectology"> urban dialectology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15717/sociolinguistics-and-language-change" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15717.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">628</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabic%20Language&page=9" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li 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