变暖加速喜马拉雅高山树线向高海拔扩张—新闻

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font: 12px 宋体; float: right"> 选择字号：<span onclick="showsize(12)" style="background-color: #587c19; color: #fff; font-size: 12px; cursor: pointer">小</span> <span onclick="showsize(14)" style="background-color: #587c19; color: #fff; font-size: 12px; cursor: pointer">中</span> <span onclick="showsize(16)" style="background-color: #587c19; color: #fff; font-size: 12px; cursor: pointer"> 大</span> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"> <div id="content1" style=" padding:15px; text-align: left; line-height: 24px; word-wrap: break-word;word-break:break-all" class="f14"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td height="20"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="middle" class="style1" style="font-size: 13px; color: #333333; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 20px"> <b></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" class="style1" style="font-size: 22px; color: #587c19; font-family: 黑体; line-height: 30px"> 变暖加速喜马拉雅高山树线向高海拔扩张</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="middle" class="style1" style="font-size: 13px; color: #333333; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 20px"> <b></b></td> </tr> </table> <p > </p><p style=";; margin: 0px 0px 26px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;">中国<span class="errorText">科学院</span>青藏高原研究所（以下简称青藏所）研究员梁尔源与合作者系统分析了尼泊尔珠峰国家公园和安纳普纳保护区混交林树线过去200年来糙皮桦和喜马拉雅冷杉的种群更新动态和树线位置变化，发现变暖正在加速喜马拉雅高山树线向高海拔扩张。相关研究11月18日在线发表于《自然—植物》。</p> <p style=";; margin: 0px 0px 26px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;">植被演替是指在较长的时间尺度上，植物群落受到干扰后的恢复过程或在裸露地面上的形成和发展过程。演替理论是植被生态学的核心研究内容之一，是预测未来不同气候情景下植被动态变化的基础，也是指导退化生态系统恢复的关键理论。</p> <p style=";; margin: 0px 0px 26px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;">“高山树线是直立乔木连续分布的海拔上限，受低温等环境因子的限制作用强烈，对变暖响应十分敏感，是研究物种演替的生态过渡带。”论文第一作者、来自尼泊尔的青藏所副研究员沙利克·拉姆·西格德尔（Shalik Ram Sigdel）向《中国科学报》解释说。</p> <p style=";; margin: 0px 0px 26px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;">化石记录证实，距今500~250万年间，喜马拉雅山区已有糙皮桦分布。树轮分析表明，单一树种构成的高海拔森林中，糙皮桦最大树龄可超过450年。作为冰川退缩后的先锋树种，糙皮桦的演替过程应属于长期演替类型，但气候变暖是否会加速这一演替进程并不清楚。</p> <p style=";; margin: 0px 0px 26px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;">自2010年以来，研究团队在尼泊尔珠峰国家公园和安纳普纳保护区野外考察发现了糙皮桦和喜马拉雅冷杉共存的混交林树线，为研究变暖背景下的森林群落演替进程提供了天然实验平台。</p> <p style=";; margin: 0px 0px 26px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;">在新研究中，研究团队的样地调查数据显示，200年来冷杉更新速率显著上升，其树线向高海拔的迁移速率为1.1米/10年，糙皮桦迁移速率为0.6米/10年。树线模型模拟结果也显示，与糙皮桦相比，冷杉正以更快的速度向高海拔扩张。</p> <p style=";; margin: 0px 0px 26px; text-align: center; word-break: break-all;"><span style=";; text-align: justify; display: inline-block; max-width: 100%;"><img src="https://rmtzx.sciencenet.cn//kxwsprint/673b11b2e4b03b5da6d1ad3c.jpg" data-wenge-id="137022" wosname="673b11b2e4b03b5da6d1ad3c.jpg" size="20086" opaid="wenge-wu25jd41d30/" _src="https://rmtzx.sciencenet.cn//kxwsprint/673b11b2e4b03b5da6d1ad3c.jpg" style="padding: 5px; text-align: center; width: 476.99px;" data-mce-src="https://rmtzx.sciencenet.cn//kxwsprint/673b11b2e4b03b5da6d1ad3c.jpg" id="img-null"></span><span style=";; text-align: center;"></span><span class="img_caption" placeholder="请输入图说" style=";; text-align: center; display: block; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px;"><span style=" text-align: justify;">树线模型的概念性框架。青藏所供图</span> </span></p> <p style=";; margin: 0px 0px 26px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;">“糙皮桦对水分敏感，变暖导致的水分胁迫限制了糙皮桦的生长与更新。而喜马拉雅冷杉对温度敏感，阈值范围内的升温有利于冷杉的生长与更新。因此，气候变暖背景下，冷杉展示了高于糙皮桦的竞争力。”论文通讯作者梁尔源说，这表明气候变化正显著加速喜马拉雅山脉高山树线上的物种演替进程。</p> <p style=";; margin: 0px 0px 26px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;">研究团队利用树线模型模拟进一步发现，随着持续变暖，冷杉的爬升将持续加速，而糙皮桦的更新下降将导致种群密度降低，树线爬升更加受限，高排放情境下甚至会出现树线后退，预示着变暖背景下冷杉可能快速取代糙皮桦成为先锋树种，加速演替进程。该研究得到了国家自然科学基金和第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究的支持，这一发现对于预测未来森林组成、结构和生态系统服务功能具有重要意义。</p> <div style="text-align: center;" class="ueditorOption ueditorOptionModel" contenteditable="true" id="0"> <img src="http://rmtzx.sciencenet.cn/kxwsprint/27C8A7A025DF3F36911BF92027D78160.jpg" compresssuccess="1" data-wenge-id="137021" wosname="673b1179e4b03b5da6d1ad3a.jpg" size="5244537" opaid="wenge-qh1hf3e72i0/" _src="http://rmtzx.sciencenet.cn/kxwsprint/27C8A7A025DF3F36911BF92027D78160.jpg" data-mce-src="http://rmtzx.sciencenet.cn/kxwsprint/27C8A7A025DF3F36911BF92027D78160.jpg" id="img-null"> <span style="display:block;color: #999;font-size:14px;margin:0;text-align:center;line-height:20px;" class="img_caption" placeholder="请输入图说">尼泊尔安纳普纳保护区树线景观。<span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-size: 14px; text-align: center;">朱海峰摄</span></span> </div> <p class="timeLine_wg" style="height:20px;"><span style="display:none"><span contenteditable="false" style="height: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; display: block; z-index: 9999; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 0px; line-height: 0px; position: absolute; border-top: 1px dashed rgb(181, 189, 202); user-select: none; left: 0px; right: 0px; top: 8px;"><span class="timeIdentification" style="width:0px;height:0px;padding:0px;margin:0px;display:block;z-index:9999;color:#fff;position:absolute;font-size: 0px;line-height:0px;border-color:transparent;display:block;border-style:solid;right:0px;border-right-color:#B5BDCA;border-width:8px 8px 8px 0;top:-8px"> </span><span style="width:0px;height:0px;padding:0px;margin:0px;display:block;z-index:9999;color:#fff;position:absolute;font-size: 0px;line-height:0px;border-color:transparent;display:block;border-style:solid;left:0px;border-left-color:#B5BDCA;border-width:8px 0 8px 8px;top:-8px"> </span><span class="hide_time_wg" title="在这插入段落" contenteditable="false" style="width:0px;height:0px;padding:0px;margin:0px;display:block;z-index:9999;color:#fff;position:absolute;font-size: 22px;line-height:17px;height:17px;text-align: center;width:17px;right:17px;background:#B5BDCA;cursor:pointer;top:-8px; 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变暖加速喜马拉雅高山树线向高海拔扩张—新闻—科学网