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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">13th century Scottish prioress</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named Bethóc, see <a href="/wiki/Beth%C3%B3c_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Bethóc (disambiguation)">Bethóc (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iona_Psalter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Iona_Psalter.jpg/220px-Iona_Psalter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Iona_Psalter.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="471" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iona_Psalter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iona Psalter (page does not exist)">Iona Psalter</a>, which may have been owned by Bethóc.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Bethóc ingen Somairle</b><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a 13th-century Scottish <a href="/wiki/Prioress" class="mw-redirect" title="Prioress">prioress</a>, considered to have been the first of <a href="/wiki/Iona_Nunnery" title="Iona Nunnery">Iona Nunnery</a>. She was a daughter of <a href="/wiki/Somairle_mac_Gilla_Brigte" class="mw-redirect" title="Somairle mac Gilla Brigte">Somairle mac Gilla Brigte</a>. </p><p>In about 1203, Bethóc's brother, <a href="/wiki/Raghnall_mac_Somhairle" class="mw-redirect" title="Raghnall mac Somhairle">Ragnall mac Somairle</a>, founded the <a href="/wiki/Benedictine" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedictine">Benedictine</a> <a href="/wiki/Iona_Abbey" title="Iona Abbey">Iona Abbey</a>. Sometime afterwards, he founded the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Augustinian_nunnery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augustinian nunnery (page does not exist)">Augustinian nunnery</a> on Iona. The precise foundation date of the Benedictine and Augustinian houses are unknown.<sup id="cite_ref-M1-208209_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M1-208209-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Clanranald" class="mw-redirect" title="Book of Clanranald">Book of Clanranald</a></i>, Bethóc was a "black nun", while the <i><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_MacDonalds" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the MacDonalds">History of the MacDonalds</a></i> states that she was prioress of Iona.<sup id="cite_ref-M1-208209_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M1-208209-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That Bethóc was associated with Iona, as claimed by these clan-traditions, is corroborated by an inscribed stone on Iona. In about 1695, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Martin" title="Martin Martin">Martin Martin</a> described the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Gaelic</a> inscription to have read "<i>Behag nijn Sorle vic Ilvrid priorissa</i>" (which translates as "Prioress Bethóc, daughter of Somairle, son of Gilla Brigte").<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The transcription was still legible in the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-M1-208209_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M1-208209-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Bill Lawson, an entry in the <a href="/wiki/Red_Book_of_Clanranald" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Book of Clanranald">Red Book of Clanranald</a> reads, <i>Beathog inghen Shomhuirle do bhi na mnaoi riagalta & na cailligh duibh. Also do thoguibh Teampall Chairinis anuibhist.</i><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"Beathag, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Somerled" title="Somerled">Somerled</a>, was a religious woman and a <a href="/wiki/Augustinians" title="Augustinians">Black Nun</a>. It is she that erected <a href="/wiki/Teampull_na_Trionaid" title="Teampull na Trionaid">Teampall Chairinis</a> in <a href="/wiki/Uist" title="Uist">Uist</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bill Lawson writes, "It is known that Beathag was <a href="/wiki/Prioress" class="mw-redirect" title="Prioress">prioress</a> of <a href="/wiki/Iona" title="Iona">Iona</a> in about 1203, the only problem in the ascription to her being that the Islands were still under Norse rule, though of course many of the Norse families would have become Christianized by then."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It has been suggested that Bethóc was the original owner of the Iona <a href="/wiki/Psalter" title="Psalter">Psalter</a>, now preserved in the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Scotland" title="National Library of Scotland">National Library of Scotland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-M1-208209_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M1-208209-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The psalter appears to have been <a href="/wiki/Illuminated_manuscript" title="Illuminated manuscript">illuminated</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>, in the 13th century.<sup id="cite_ref-E1-34_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-E1-34-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If it was indeed intended for an Ionan prioress, it is uncertain if the psalter ever made it to Iona.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beth%C3%B3c,_Prioress_of_Iona&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bethóc appears in modern English-language <a href="/wiki/Secondary_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="Secondary sources">secondary sources</a> under various names: <i>Beatrice</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-E1-34_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-E1-34-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-M1-208209_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M1-208209-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Bethag</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-M1-208209_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M1-208209-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>Bethoc</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-E1-34_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-E1-34-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In the early 19th century, the inscription was recorded to have read "<i>Behag Niin Shorle vic Ilvrid Priorissa</i>".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beth%C3%B3c,_Prioress_of_Iona&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Footnotes</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-E1-34-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-E1-34_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-E1-34_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-E1-34_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#E1">Perkins 2006</a>: p. 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-M1-208209-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-M1-208209_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-M1-208209_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-M1-208209_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-M1-208209_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-M1-208209_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-M1-208209_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#M1">McDonald 1995</a>: pp. 208–209.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#S1">Sellar 2004</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#S2">Sellar 1966</a>: p. 129.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#S2">Sellar 1966</a>: p. 129 <i>fn 7</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Bill Lawson (2004), <i>North Uist in History and Legend</i>, Birlinn. Page 79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Bill Lawson (2004), <i>North Uist in History and Legend</i>, Birlinn. Page 79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Bill Lawson (2004), <i>North Uist in History and Legend</i>, Birlinn. Page 79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#H3">Higgitt 2000</a>: p. 278.</span> </li> </ol></div> <p><b>Bibliography</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="H1" class="citation cs2">Higgitt, John (2000), <i>The murthly hours: devotion, literacy and luxury in Paris, England and the Gaelic west</i>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto_Press" title="University of Toronto Press">University of Toronto Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-4759-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-4759-5"><bdi>978-0-8020-4759-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+murthly+hours%3A+devotion%2C+literacy+and+luxury+in+Paris%2C+England+and+the+Gaelic+west&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8020-4759-5&rft.aulast=Higgitt&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeth%C3%B3c%2C+Prioress+of+Iona" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="M1" class="citation cs2">McDonald, Russell Andrew (1995), "Scoto-Norse kings and the reformed religious orders: patterns of monastic patronage in twelfth-century Galloway and Argyll", <i><a href="/wiki/Albion:_A_Quarterly_Journal_Concerned_with_British_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies">Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies</a></i>, <b>27</b> (2), The North American Conference on British Studies: 187–219, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F4051525">10.2307/4051525</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4051525">4051525</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Albion%3A+A+Quarterly+Journal+Concerned+with+British+Studies&rft.atitle=Scoto-Norse+kings+and+the+reformed+religious+orders%3A+patterns+of+monastic+patronage+in+twelfth-century+Galloway+and+Argyll&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=187-219&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F4051525&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4051525%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=McDonald&rft.aufirst=Russell+Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeth%C3%B3c%2C+Prioress+of+Iona" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="E1" class="citation book cs1">Curran, Kimm (2006). "Bethoc (Beatrice), daughter of Somerled". In Ewan, Elizabeth; Innes, Sue; Reynolds, Siân (eds.). <i>The biographical dictionary of Scottish women: from the earliest times to 2004</i>. <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Press" title="Edinburgh University Press">Edinburgh University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7486-1713-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7486-1713-2"><bdi>0-7486-1713-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bethoc+%28Beatrice%29%2C+daughter+of+Somerled&rft.btitle=The+biographical+dictionary+of+Scottish+women%3A+from+the+earliest+times+to+2004&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-7486-1713-2&rft.aulast=Curran&rft.aufirst=Kimm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeth%C3%B3c%2C+Prioress+of+Iona" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="S2" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/David_Sellar" title="David Sellar">Sellar, William David Hamilton</a> (1966), "The origins and ancestry of Somerled", <i><a href="/wiki/The_Scottish_Historical_Review" title="The Scottish Historical Review">The Scottish Historical Review</a></i>, <b>44</b> (140), <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Press" title="Edinburgh University Press">Edinburgh University Press</a>: 123–142, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25528658">25528658</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Scottish+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=The+origins+and+ancestry+of+Somerled&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=140&rft.pages=123-142&rft.date=1966&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25528658%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Sellar&rft.aufirst=William+David+Hamilton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeth%C3%B3c%2C+Prioress+of+Iona" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="S1" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Sellar" title="David Sellar">Sellar, William David Hamilton</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/26782">"Somerled (d. 1164), king of the Hebrides and regulus of Argyll and Kintyre"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F26782">10.1093/ref:odnb/26782</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F26782&rft.aulast=Sellar&rft.aufirst=William+David+Hamilton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F26782&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeth%C3%B3c%2C+Prioress+of+Iona" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span>. <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required)</span></li></ul> </div> <p><b>Further reading</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDonald1999" class="citation cs2">McDonald, Russell Andrew (1999), "The foundation and patronage of nunneries by native elites in twelfth- and early thirteenth-century Scotland", in Ewan, Elizabeth; Meikle, Maureen M. (eds.), <i>Women in Scotland, c.1100–c.1750</i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuckwell_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuckwell Press (page does not exist)">Tuckwell Press</a>, pp. 3–15, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86232-046-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-86232-046-2"><bdi>1-86232-046-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+foundation+and+patronage+of+nunneries+by+native+elites+in+twelfth-+and+early+thirteenth-century+Scotland&rft.btitle=Women+in+Scotland%2C+c.1100%26ndash%3Bc.1750&rft.pages=3-15&rft.pub=Tuckwell+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1-86232-046-2&rft.aulast=McDonald&rft.aufirst=Russell+Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeth%C3%B3c%2C+Prioress+of+Iona" class="Z3988"></span>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Scandinavian_Scotland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Scandinavian_Scotland" title="Template:Scandinavian Scotland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Scandinavian_Scotland" title="Template talk:Scandinavian Scotland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Scandinavian_Scotland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Scandinavian Scotland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Scandinavian_Scotland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Scotland" title="Scandinavian Scotland">Scandinavian Scotland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rulers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Isles" title="List of rulers of the Kingdom of the Isles">List of kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Orkney" title="Earl of Orkney">Earls of Orkney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crovan_dynasty" title="Crovan dynasty">Crovan dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_Argyll" title="Lord of Argyll">Lords of Argyll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormaer_of_Caithness" title="Mormaer of Caithness">Mormaers of Caithness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_%C3%8Dmair" title="Uí Ímair">Uí Ímair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable women</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aud_the_Deep-Minded_(Ketilsd%C3%B3ttir)" title="Aud the Deep-Minded (Ketilsdóttir)">Aud the Deep-Minded</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bethóc, Prioress of Iona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bja%C3%B0%C7%ABk" title="Bjaðǫk">Bjaðǫk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacht_ingen_Ragnaill" title="Cacht ingen Ragnaill">Cacht ingen Ragnaill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gormflaith_ingen_Murchada" class="mw-redirect" title="Gormflaith ingen Murchada">Gormflaith ingen Murchada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnhild,_Mother_of_Kings" title="Gunnhild, Mother of Kings">Gunnhild Gormsdóttir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helga_Moddansd%C3%B3ttir" title="Helga Moddansdóttir">Helga Moddansdóttir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingeborg_of_Norway" title="Ingeborg of Norway">Ingeborg of Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingibiorg_Finnsdottir" title="Ingibiorg Finnsdottir">Ingibjörg the Earls'-Mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Bruce" title="Isabel Bruce">Isabel Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1el_Muire_ingen_Amla%C3%ADb" title="Máel Muire ingen Amlaíb">Máel Muire ingen Amlaíb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret,_Maid_of_Norway" title="Margaret, Maid of Norway">Margaret, Maid of Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Scotland,_Queen_of_Norway" title="Margaret of Scotland, Queen of Norway">Margaret, Queen of Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Denmark,_Queen_of_Scotland" title="Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland">Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnhild_Eriksdotter" title="Ragnhild Eriksdotter">Ragnhild Eriksdotter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnhildis_Olafsdottir" title="Ragnhildis Olafsdottir">Ragnhildis Olafsdottir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other notable men</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caittil_Find" title="Caittil Find">Caittil Find</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingimundr_(eleventh_century)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ingimundr (eleventh century)">Ingimundr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lj%C3%B3t%C3%B3lfr" title="Ljótólfr">Ljótólfr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olaf_the_White" title="Olaf the White">Olaf the White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olvir_Rosta" title="Olvir Rosta">Olvir Rosta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1ll_B%C3%A1lkason" title="Páll Bálkason">Páll Bálkason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnall_ua_%C3%8Dmair" title="Ragnall ua Ímair">Ragnall ua Ímair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweyn_Asleifsson" title="Sweyn Asleifsson">Sweyn Asleifsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorbjorn_Thorsteinsson" title="Thorbjorn Thorsteinsson">Thorbjorn Thorsteinsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorstein_the_Red" title="Thorstein the Red">Thorstein the Red</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Isles" title="Kingdom of the Isles">Kingdom of the Isles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1l_Riata" title="Dál Riata">Dál Riata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norse%E2%80%93Gaels" title="Norse–Gaels">Gall-Ghàidheil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lochlann" title="Lochlann">Lochlann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Orkney" title="History of Orkney">Orkney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Isles" title="Kingdom of the Isles">Outer Hebrides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Shetland" title="History of Shetland">Shetland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davidian_Revolution" title="Davidian Revolution">Davidian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish%E2%80%93Norwegian_War" title="Scottish–Norwegian War">Scottish–Norwegian War (1262-66)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Scotland" title="History of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Norway" title="History of Norway">Norway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Archaeology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bornish" title="Bornish">Bornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birsay" title="Birsay">Birsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop%27s_Palace,_Kirkwall" title="Bishop's Palace, Kirkwall">Bishop's Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brough_of_Birsay" title="Brough of Birsay">Brough of Birsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camas_Uig" title="Camas Uig">Camas Uig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubbie_Roo%27s_Castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Cubbie Roo's Castle">Cubbie Roo's Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl%27s_Bu" class="mw-redirect" title="Earl's Bu">Earl's Bu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarlshof" title="Jarlshof">Jarlshof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkwall_Castle" title="Kirkwall Castle">Kirkwall Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linton_Chapel" title="Linton Chapel">Linton Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maeshowe" title="Maeshowe">Maeshowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Scatness" title="Old Scatness">Old Scatness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_an_Eilean_Mh%C3%B2ir_boat_burial" title="Port an Eilean Mhòir boat burial">Port an Eilean Mhòir boat burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubha_an_D%C3%B9nain" title="Rubha an Dùnain">Rubha an Dùnain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scar_boat_burial" title="Scar boat burial">Scar boat burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Magnus_Church,_Egilsay" title="St Magnus Church, Egilsay">St Magnus Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artifacts and culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birlinn" title="Birlinn">Birlinn</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chronicles_of_Mann" title="Chronicles of Mann">Chronicles of Mann</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Darra%C3%B0arlj%C3%B3%C3%B0" title="Darraðarljóð">Darraðarljóð</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galloway_Hoard" title="Galloway Hoard">Galloway Hoard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hogback_(sculpture)" title="Hogback (sculpture)">Hogbacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_chessmen" title="Lewis chessmen">Lewis chessmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_runestones" title="Manx runestones">Manx runestones</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orkneyinga_saga" title="Orkneyinga saga">Orkneyinga saga</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ounceland" title="Ounceland">Ounceland</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sen_dollotar_Ulaid_..." class="mw-redirect" title="Sen dollotar Ulaid ...">Sen dollotar Ulaid</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Magnus_Cathedral" title="St Magnus Cathedral">St Magnus Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udal_law" title="Udal law">Udal law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thing_(assembly)" title="Thing (assembly)">Althings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delting" title="Delting">Delting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingwall" title="Dingwall">Dingwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_Ting_Holm" title="Law Ting Holm">Law Ting Holm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunnasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunnasting">Lunnasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesting,_Shetland" title="Nesting, Shetland">Nesting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandsting" title="Sandsting">Sandsting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tingwall,_Shetland" title="Tingwall, Shetland">Tingwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tynwald" title="Tynwald">Tynwald</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Scotland" title="Languages of Scotland">Language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Irish" title="Middle Irish">Middle Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norn_language" title="Norn language">Norn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictish_language" title="Pictish language">Pictish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norwegian" title="Old Norwegian">Old Norwegian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Etymology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_island_names" title="Scottish island names">Scottish island names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Isles#Island_names" title="Northern Isles">Northern Isles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrides#Etymology" title="Hebrides">Hebrides</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Battles and treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bauds" title="Battle of Bauds">Bauds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brunanburh" title="Battle of Brunanburh">Brunanburh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Clontarf" title="Battle of Clontarf">Clontarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dollar" title="Battle of Dollar">Dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Barry" title="Battle of Barry">Barry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Epiphany" title="Battle of Epiphany">Epiphany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Battle of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Largs" title="Battle of Largs">Largs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Renfrew" title="Battle of Renfrew">Renfrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Skyhill" title="Battle of Skyhill">Skyhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tara_(Ireland)" title="Battle of Tara (Ireland)">Tara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestraj%C7%ABr%C3%B0r" class="mw-redirect" title="Vestrajǫrðr">Vestrajǫrðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Barefoot#First_Irish_Sea_campaign" title="Magnus Barefoot">Treaty of 1098</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Perth" title="Treaty of Perth">Treaty of Perth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_clan" title="Scottish clan">Associated clans and septs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clan_Gunn" title="Clan Gunn">Gunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_%C3%8Dmair" title="Uí Ímair">Uí Ímair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clann_Somhairle" title="Clann Somhairle">Somhairle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macaulay_family_of_Lewis" title="Macaulay family of Lewis">Macaulay of Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotter_family" title="Cotter family">Mac Coitir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clan_MacDougall" title="Clan MacDougall">MacDougall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clan_MacLeod" title="Clan MacLeod">MacLeod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clan_Macruari" class="mw-redirect" title="Clan Macruari">Macruari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clan_MacDonald" class="mw-redirect" title="Clan MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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