CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Urmia - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"047bd90f-0fea-4207-911f-c7a03fd5794b","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Urmia","wgTitle":"Urmia","wgCurRevisionId":1259963351,"wgRevisionId":1259963351,"wgArticleId":615663,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments","Pages using the Phonos extension","CS1 Persian-language sources (fa)","Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference","CS1 foreign language sources (ISO 639-2)","CS1 Kurdish-language sources (ku)","CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from July 2018", "Articles with permanently dead external links","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages","Use dmy dates from April 2023","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles containing Persian-language text","Coordinates on Wikidata","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from February 2024","Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata","Pages with Persian IPA","Pages including recorded pronunciations","Articles containing Syriac-language text","Articles containing Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language text","Articles containing Armenian-language text","Articles containing Azerbaijani-language text","Articles containing Kurdish-language text","Articles containing Sorani Kurdish-language text","Articles with unsourced statements from September 2022","Articles needing additional references from January 2023","All articles needing additional references", "Articles with unsourced statements from April 2015","Wikipedia articles needing clarification from December 2017","Commons category link is on Wikidata","CS1 French-language sources (fr)","Pages using the Kartographer extension","Urmia","Populated places in Urmia County","Assyrian settlements","Iranian provincial capitals","Cities in West Azerbaijan province","Populated places along the Silk Road"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Urmia","wgRelevantArticleId":615663,"wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRestrictionEdit":["autoconfirmed"],"wgRestrictionMove":["autoconfirmed"],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"}, "wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":37.54388888888889,"lon":45.06472222222222},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q179665","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.kartographer.style":"ready" ,"ext.phonos.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.icons":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.kartographer.staticframe","ext.phonos.init","mediawiki.page.gallery","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.kartographer.style%7Cext.phonos.icons%2Cstyles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Uromia_Iran%2Cpareeke_jangali_-_panoramio.jpg/1200px-Uromia_Iran%2Cpareeke_jangali_-_panoramio.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="798"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Uromia_Iran%2Cpareeke_jangali_-_panoramio.jpg/800px-Uromia_Iran%2Cpareeke_jangali_-_panoramio.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="532"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Uromia_Iran%2Cpareeke_jangali_-_panoramio.jpg/640px-Uromia_Iran%2Cpareeke_jangali_-_panoramio.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="426"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Urmia - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urmia"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urmia"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Urmia rootpage-Urmia skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Urmia" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Urmia" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Urmia" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Urmia" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Etymology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Variants_and_alternatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants_and_alternatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Variants and alternatives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variants_and_alternatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnic_composition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_composition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Ethnic composition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_composition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks_and_touristic_centres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks_and_touristic_centres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Parks and touristic centres</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks_and_touristic_centres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Higher_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Higher_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Higher education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Higher_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Libraries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libraries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Libraries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libraries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Media-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Media subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Radio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Press" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Press"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Press</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Press-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Infrastructure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Health systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consulates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consulates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Consulates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consulates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-People" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>People</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-People-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_and_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Twin towns and sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_and_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Urmia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 72 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-72" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">72 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="أرومية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أرومية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%A1%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܐܘܪܡܝܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܘܪܡܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urmiya" title="Urmiya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Urmiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%87" title="اورمیه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اورمیه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urmia" title="Urmia – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Urmia" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4)" title="Урмія (горад) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Урмія (горад)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Урмия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Урмия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urmia" title="Urmia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Urmia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Or%C5%ABm%C4%AByeh_(kapital_sa_lalawigan_sa_Iran)" title="Orūmīyeh (kapital sa lalawigan sa Iran) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Orūmīyeh (kapital sa lalawigan sa Iran)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orum%C3%ADje" title="Orumíje – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Orumíje" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urmia" title="Urmia – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Urmia" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urmia" title="Urmia – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Urmia" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urmia" title="Urmia – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Urmia" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Ούρμια – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ούρμια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urm%C3%ADa" title="Urmía – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Urmía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urmijo" title="Urmijo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Urmijo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urmia" title="Urmia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Urmia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%87" title="ارومیه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ارومیه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ourmia" title="Ourmia – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ourmia" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urmia" title="Urmia – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Urmia" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8A%D8%B1%DB%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%87" title="اۊرۊميه – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="اۊرۊميه" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EB%A5%B4%EB%AF%B8%EC%95%84" title="우르미아 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="우르미아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%82%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1_(%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%84)" title="Ուրմիա (քաղաք) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ուրմիա (քաղաք)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87" title="ओरुमिये – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ओरुमिये" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urmija" title="Urmija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Urmija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urmia" title="Urmia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Urmia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8_(%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80)" title="Урми (сахар) – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Урми (сахар)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urmia" title="Urmia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Urmia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94" title="אורמיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אורמיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urmia" title="Urmia – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Urmia" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98)" title="ურმია (ქალაქი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ურმია (ქალაქი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urmia" title="Urmia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Urmia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Brmiye" title="Ûrmiye – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Ûrmiye" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urmia_(urbs)" title="Urmia (urbs) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Urmia (urbs)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urmija" title="Urmija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Urmija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urmija_(miestas)" title="Urmija (miestas) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Urmija (miestas)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urmia" title="Urmia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Urmia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urmia_(tan%C3%A0na)" title="Urmia (tanàna) – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Urmia (tanàna)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8A%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF" title="ഊർമിയ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഊർമിയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urmia" title="Urmia – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Urmia" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ურმია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ურმია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%87" title="اروميه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اروميه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%87" title="ارومیه – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ارومیه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urmia" title="Urmia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Urmia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urmia" title="Urmia – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Urmia" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9F%E3%83%BC%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A7" title="オルーミーイェ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オルーミーイェ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urmia" title="Urmia – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Urmia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urmiya" title="Urmiya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Urmiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%DB%81" title="ارومیہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ارومیہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urmia_(miasto)" title="Urmia (miasto) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Urmia (miasto)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Armia" title="Úrmia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Úrmia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urumieh" title="Urumieh – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Urumieh" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Урмия (город) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Урмия (город)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urmia" title="Urmia – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Urmia" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urmia" title="Urmia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Urmia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%8E" title="ورمێ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ورمێ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Урмија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Урмија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urmija" title="Urmija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Urmija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urmia" title="Urmia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Urmia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urmia" title="Urmia – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Urmia" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="ஊர்மியா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஊர்மியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D1%88%D3%99%D2%BB%D3%99%D1%80)" title="Урмия (шәһәр) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Урмия (шәһәр)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Урумия – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Урумия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urmiye" title="Urmiye – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Urmiye" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_(%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE)" title="Урмія (місто) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Урмія (місто)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%DB%81_(%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="ارومیہ (ایران) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ارومیہ (ایران)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urmia" title="Urmia – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Urmia" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urmia" title="Urmia – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Urmia" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%B0%94%E7%B1%B3%E8%80%B6" title="乌尔米耶 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="乌尔米耶" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E7%88%BE%E7%B1%B3%E8%80%B6" title="烏爾米耶 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="烏爾米耶" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urmiya" title="Urmiya – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Urmiya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%B0%94%E7%B1%B3%E8%80%B6" title="乌尔米耶 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="乌尔米耶" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q179665#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Urmia" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Urmia" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Urmia"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urmia&action=edit" title="This page is protected.
You can view its source [e]" accesskey="e"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urmia&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Urmia"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urmia&action=edit"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urmia&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Urmia" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Urmia" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urmia&oldid=1259963351" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urmia&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Urmia&id=1259963351&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FUrmia"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FUrmia"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Urmia&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urmia&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Urmia" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Urmia" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q179665" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Urmia&params=37_32_38_N_45_03_53_E_dim:4km_type:city_region:IR-04"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°32′38″N</span> <span class="longitude">45°03′53″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.54389°N 45.06472°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.54389; 45.06472</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in West Azerbaijan province, Iran</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Urmia_County" title="Urmia County">Urmia County</a>.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other places with a similar name, see <a href="/wiki/Urmia_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Urmia (disambiguation)">Urmia</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Iran</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Urmia</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="fa"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">ارومیه</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category">City</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="background-color:black;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid black;width:266px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:3px 0 0 3px"><div style="display:table;background-color:black;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 3px 3px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Uromia_Iran,pareeke_jangali_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Uromia_Iran%2Cpareeke_jangali_-_panoramio.jpg/266px-Uromia_Iran%2Cpareeke_jangali_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Uromia_Iran%2Cpareeke_jangali_-_panoramio.jpg/399px-Uromia_Iran%2Cpareeke_jangali_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Uromia_Iran%2Cpareeke_jangali_-_panoramio.jpg/532px-Uromia_Iran%2Cpareeke_jangali_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:black;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 3px 3px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:3_Gonbad_photo_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/3_Gonbad_photo_2.jpg/131px-3_Gonbad_photo_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="131" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/3_Gonbad_photo_2.jpg/197px-3_Gonbad_photo_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/3_Gonbad_photo_2.jpg/262px-3_Gonbad_photo_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4283" data-file-height="3212" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 3px 3px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jame_Mosque_of_Urmia-5.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Jame_Mosque_of_Urmia-5.JPG/131px-Jame_Mosque_of_Urmia-5.JPG" decoding="async" width="131" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Jame_Mosque_of_Urmia-5.JPG/197px-Jame_Mosque_of_Urmia-5.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Jame_Mosque_of_Urmia-5.JPG/262px-Jame_Mosque_of_Urmia-5.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:black;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 3px 3px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Urmia_Nane_Maryam_Church_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%87_%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%86%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Urmia_Nane_Maryam_Church_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%87_%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%86%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85.jpg/131px-Urmia_Nane_Maryam_Church_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%87_%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%86%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85.jpg" decoding="async" width="131" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Urmia_Nane_Maryam_Church_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%87_%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%86%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85.jpg/197px-Urmia_Nane_Maryam_Church_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%87_%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%86%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Urmia_Nane_Maryam_Church_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%87_%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%86%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85.jpg/262px-Urmia_Nane_Maryam_Church_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%87_%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%86%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 3px 3px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Marsargiz_church.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Marsargiz_church.jpg/131px-Marsargiz_church.jpg" decoding="async" width="131" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Marsargiz_church.jpg/197px-Marsargiz_church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Marsargiz_church.jpg/262px-Marsargiz_church.jpg 2x" data-file-width="913" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Clockwise from top: Skyline of the city, <a href="/wiki/Jameh_Mosque_of_Urmia" title="Jameh Mosque of Urmia">Jameh Mosque of Urmia</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Sarkis_Church_(Sir,_West_Azerbaijan,_Iran)" title="St. Sarkis Church (Sir, West Azerbaijan, Iran)">St. Sarkis Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Mary_Church,_Urmia" title="St. Mary Church, Urmia">St. Mary Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Segonbad" title="Segonbad">Segonbad</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Urmia_flag.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Urmia"><img alt="Flag of Urmia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Urmia_flag.gif/100px-Urmia_flag.gif" decoding="async" width="100" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Urmia_flag.gif/150px-Urmia_flag.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Urmia_flag.gif/200px-Urmia_flag.gif 2x" data-file-width="403" data-file-height="230" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Urmia_government_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Urmia"><img alt="Official seal of Urmia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/46/Urmia_government_logo.svg/100px-Urmia_government_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/46/Urmia_government_logo.svg/150px-Urmia_government_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/46/Urmia_government_logo.svg/200px-Urmia_government_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="229" data-file-height="225" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Cradle of Water</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Iran_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Urmia is located in Iran"><img alt="Urmia is located in Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Iran_location_map.svg/250px-Iran_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Iran_location_map.svg/375px-Iran_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Iran_location_map.svg/500px-Iran_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1071" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:15.846%;left:7.633%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Urmia"><img alt="Urmia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Urmia</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Urmia&params=37_32_38_N_45_03_53_E_dim:4km_type:city_region:IR-04"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°32′38″N</span> <span class="longitude">45°03′53″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.54389°N 45.06472°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.54389; 45.06472</span></span></span></a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Iran" title="Regions of Iran">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Region_3,_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Region 3, Iran">3</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Iran" title="Provinces of Iran">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/West_Azerbaijan_province" title="West Azerbaijan province">West Azerbaijan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Iran" title="Counties of Iran">County</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Urmia_County" title="Urmia County">Urmia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Bakhsh" title="Bakhsh">Bakhsh</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Central_District_(Urmia_County)" title="Central District (Urmia County)">Central</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Hossein Mahdizadeh</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urmia_(electoral_district)" title="Urmia (electoral district)">Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vahid_Jalalzadeh" title="Vahid Jalalzadeh">Vahid Jalalzadeh</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salman_Zaker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salman Zaker (page does not exist)">Salman Zaker</a> & <a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Hazratpour" title="Ruhollah Hazratpour">Ruhollah Hazratpour</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,332 m (4,370 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2016 census)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">736,224<sup id="cite_ref-2016_West_Azerbaijan_Province_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2016_West_Azerbaijan_Province-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,000,000<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2,024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Population Rank in Iran<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">10th</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B3:30" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+3:30">UTC+3:30</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iran_Standard_Time" title="Iran Standard Time">IRST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">044</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urmia.city">urmia<wbr />.city</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-overlays="["_c21ea2253cad5d59dcb246fde9e67c748bc675eb"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Urmia&revid=1259963351&groups=_c21ea2253cad5d59dcb246fde9e67c748bc675eb" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Urmia&revid=1259963351&groups=_c21ea2253cad5d59dcb246fde9e67c748bc675eb 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Urmia</b> (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">ارومیه</span>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fa-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian" title="Help:IPA/Persian">[oɾumiˈje]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/da\/Urmia-2.ogg\/Urmia-2.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Urmia-2.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/da/Urmia-2.ogg/Urmia-2.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Urmia-2.ogg" title="File:Urmia-2.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-fn1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the largest city in <a href="/wiki/West_Azerbaijan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="West Azerbaijan Province">West Azerbaijan Province</a> of <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Central_District_(Urmia_County)" title="Central District (Urmia County)">Central District</a> of <a href="/wiki/Urmia_County" title="Urmia County">Urmia County</a>, it is capital of the province, the county, and the district.<sup id="cite_ref-West_Azerbaijan_Province_Structure_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-West_Azerbaijan_Province_Structure-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city lies at an altitude of 1,330 metres (4,360 ft) above sea level along the <a href="/wiki/Shahar_River" title="Shahar River">Shahar River</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Urmia_Plain" title="Urmia Plain">Urmia Plain</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lake_Urmia" title="Lake Urmia">Lake Urmia</a>, one of the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Salt_lake" title="Salt lake">salt lakes</a>, lies to the east of the city, and the <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Turkey_border" title="Iran–Turkey border">border</a> with <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> lies to the west. </p><p>The city is the trading center for a fertile agricultural region where fruits (especially <a href="/wiki/Apple" title="Apple">apples</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grape" title="Grape">grapes</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a> are grown. Even though the majority of the residents of Urmia are Muslims, the Christian history of Urmia is well preserved and is especially evident in the city's many churches and cathedrals. </p><p>An important town by the 9th century, the city has had a diverse population which has at times included Muslims (<a href="/wiki/Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia">Shias</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunnis</a>), Christians (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Catholics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Church_of_the_East" title="Assyrian Church of the East">Nestorians</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodox Church">Orthodox</a>), <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼís</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufis</a>. Around 1900 Christians made up more than 40% of the city's population; however, in the next decades most of the Christians were either killed by the advancing Ottoman troops or in raids by Kurdish tribes<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or fled shortly after the end of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-Columbia_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Columbia-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nineveh.com_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nineveh.com-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-E.J._Brill_1936_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-E.J._Brill_1936-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Urmia, Takab and Piranshahr respectively have the highest number of registered provincial sites in the list of national sites.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nelson_Frye" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Nelson Frye">Richard Nelson Frye</a> suggested <a href="/wiki/Urartu" title="Urartu">Urartian</a> origin for the name,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while <a href="/wiki/T._Burrow" class="mw-redirect" title="T. Burrow">T. Burrow</a> connected the origin of the name Urmia to <a href="/wiki/Indo-Iranian_languages" title="Indo-Iranian languages">Indo-Iranian</a> urmi- "wave" and urmya- "undulating, wavy".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The name could also derive from the combination of the <a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Assyrian Aramaic</a> words <i><a href="/wiki/Ur" title="Ur">Ur</a></i> (<span title="Syriac-language text"><span lang="syr" dir="rtl">ܐܘܪ</span></span>; a common name for cities around <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>, meaning "city") and <i>Mia</i> (<a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac</a>: <span lang="syr" dir="rtl">ܡܝܐ</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'water'), "City of Water" referring to the great <a href="/wiki/Lake_Urmia" title="Lake Urmia">Lake Urmia</a> nearby.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Compare <a href="/wiki/Edessa" title="Edessa">Urhay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ur_of_the_Chaldees" title="Ur of the Chaldees">Ur of the Chaldees</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Variants_and_alternatives">Variants and alternatives</h3></div> <p>As of 1921, Urmia was also called, <i>Urumia</i> and <i>Urmi</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sykes_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sykes-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_dynasty" title="Pahlavi dynasty">Pahlavi dynasty</a> (1925–1979), the city was called <i>Rezaiyeh</i> (رضائیه)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after <a href="/wiki/Reza_Shah" title="Reza Shah">Reza Shah</a>, the dynasty's founder, whose name ultimately derives from the Islamic concept of <i><a href="/wiki/Rida_(Islam)" title="Rida (Islam)">rida</a></i> via the <a href="/wiki/The_Twelve_Imams" class="mw-redirect" title="The Twelve Imams">Eighth Imam</a> in <a href="/wiki/Twelver" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelver">Twelver</a> <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia Islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Ridha" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali al-Ridha">Ali al-Ridha</a>. </p><p>In his <a href="/wiki/Seyahatname" class="mw-redirect" title="Seyahatname">seyahatname</a>, <a href="/wiki/Evliya_%C3%87elebi" title="Evliya Çelebi">Evliya Çelebi</a> referred to the city as <span title="Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language text"><i lang="ota-Latn">Rûmiyye</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Turkish language">Ottoman Turkish</a>: <span lang="ota-Arab" dir="rtl">رومیه</span>), also mentioning that the Mongols called the city <span title="Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language text"><i lang="ota-Latn">Urumiye</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Turkish language">Ottoman Turkish</a>: <span lang="ota-Arab" dir="rtl">اورمیه</span>), Persians <span title="Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language text"><i lang="ota-Latn">Rûmiyye-i Kübrâ</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Turkish language">Ottoman Turkish</a>: <span lang="ota-Arab" dir="rtl">رومیه كبری</span>), and some historians <span title="Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language text"><i lang="ota-Latn">Türkistân-ı İrân</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Turkish language">Ottoman Turkish</a>: <span lang="ota-Arab" dir="rtl">تركستان ایران</span>), which he justified by the considerable amount of Turkoman <a href="/wiki/Awliya" class="mw-redirect" title="Awliya">awliya</a> in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-Çelebi_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Çelebi-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to the city's contact with many ethnic groups and cultures throughout its history, the name of the city has many linguistic variants: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">ارومیه</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fa-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian" title="Help:IPA/Persian">[oɾumiˈje]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/da\/Urmia-2.ogg\/Urmia-2.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Urmia-2.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/da/Urmia-2.ogg/Urmia-2.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Urmia-2.ogg" title="File:Urmia-2.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-fn1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a>: <span lang="hy">Ուրմիա</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Armenian" title="Romanization of Armenian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Armenian-language romanization"><i lang="hy-Latn">Urmia</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a>: <span lang="az-Arab" dir="rtl">اورمیه</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Azerbaijani" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Azerbaijani">romanized</a>: </small><span title="American Library Association – Library of Congress transliteration"><i lang="az-Latn">Urmiya</i></span>, or <span title="Azerbaijani-language text"><span lang="az-Arab" dir="rtl">اورمو</span></span>, <span title="American Library Association – Library of Congress transliteration"><i lang="az-Latn">Urmu</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurmanji_Kurdish" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurmanji Kurdish">Kurmanji Kurdish</a>: <span lang="ku-Arab" dir="rtl">ئورمیە</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Kurdish" title="Romanization of Kurdish">romanized</a>: </small><span title="American Library Association – Library of Congress transliteration"><i lang="ku-Latn">Ûrmiye</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorani_Kurdish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sorani Kurdish language">Sorani Kurdish</a>: <span lang="ckb-Arab" dir="rtl">ورمێ</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="American Library Association – Library of Congress transliteration"><i lang="ckb-Latn">Wirmê</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac</a>: <span lang="syr" dir="rtl">ܐܘܪܡܝܐ</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Syriac" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Syriac">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Syriac-language romanization"><i lang="syr-Latn">Urmia</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ourmiah,_Persia_-_Awaiting_the_Shah,_1911.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Ourmiah%2C_Persia_-_Awaiting_the_Shah%2C_1911.jpeg/220px-Ourmiah%2C_Persia_-_Awaiting_the_Shah%2C_1911.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Ourmiah%2C_Persia_-_Awaiting_the_Shah%2C_1911.jpeg/330px-Ourmiah%2C_Persia_-_Awaiting_the_Shah%2C_1911.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Ourmiah%2C_Persia_-_Awaiting_the_Shah%2C_1911.jpeg/440px-Ourmiah%2C_Persia_-_Awaiting_the_Shah%2C_1911.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="749" /></a><figcaption>People of Urmia awaiting the Shah, 1911</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ourmiah,_Persia_-_Fruit_Market,_1911.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Ourmiah%2C_Persia_-_Fruit_Market%2C_1911.jpeg/220px-Ourmiah%2C_Persia_-_Fruit_Market%2C_1911.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Ourmiah%2C_Persia_-_Fruit_Market%2C_1911.jpeg/330px-Ourmiah%2C_Persia_-_Fruit_Market%2C_1911.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Ourmiah%2C_Persia_-_Fruit_Market%2C_1911.jpeg/440px-Ourmiah%2C_Persia_-_Fruit_Market%2C_1911.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Urmia fruit market, 1911</figcaption></figure> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Minorsky" title="Vladimir Minorsky">Vladimir Minorsky</a>, there were villages in the <a href="/wiki/Urmia_Plain" title="Urmia Plain">Urmia Plain</a> as early as 2000<span class="nowrap"> </span>BC, with their civilization under the influence of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Van" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Van">Kingdom of Van</a>. Excavations of the ancient ruins near Urmia led to the discovery of utensils that date to the 20th<span class="nowrap"> </span>century BC. In ancient times, the west bank of Urmia Lake was part of <a href="/wiki/Gilzan" title="Gilzan">Gilzan</a>, and in the 9th<span class="nowrap"> </span>century BC an independent government ruled there, which later joined the <a href="/wiki/Urartu" title="Urartu">Urartu</a> or Manna empire; in the 8th<span class="nowrap"> </span>century BC, the area was a vassal of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asuzh_government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asuzh government (page does not exist)">Asuzh government</a> until it joined the <a href="/wiki/Median_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Median Empire">Median Empire</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_people" title="Assyrian people">Assyrians</a> who did survive the invasion of <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> by <a href="/wiki/Timur" title="Timur">Timur</a> fled through northern Iraq up into the Hakkari Mountains to the west of Lake Urmia and the area remained as their homeland until the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Skutsch2013_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skutsch2013-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Safavid_dynasty" title="Safavid dynasty">Safavid</a> era, the neighboring <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turks" title="Ottoman Turks">Ottoman Turks</a>, who were the archrivals of the Safavids,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERothman2015236_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERothman2015236-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> made several incursions into the city and captured it on more than one occasion, but the Safavids successfully regained control over the area. When in 1622, during the reign of Safavid king <a href="/wiki/Abbas_I_of_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbas I of Persia">Abbas<span class="nowrap"> </span>I</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> </span>1588–1629) <a href="/wiki/Qasem_Sultan_Afshar" title="Qasem Sultan Afshar">Qasem Sultan Afshar</a> was appointed governor of <a href="/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul">Mosul</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasiriFloor2008248_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENasiriFloor2008248-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOberling1984582–586_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOberling1984582–586-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he was forced to leave his office shortly afterwards due to the outbreak of a <a href="/wiki/Plague_(disease)" title="Plague (disease)">plague</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOberling1984582–586_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOberling1984582–586-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He moved to the western part of <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_(Iran)" title="Azerbaijan (Iran)">Azerbaijan</a>, and became the founder of the <a href="/wiki/Afshar_people" title="Afshar people">Afshar</a> community of Urmia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOberling1984582–586_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOberling1984582–586-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city was the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Urmia_Khanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Urmia Khanate">Urmia Khanate</a> from 1747 to 1865. The first monarch of Iran's <a href="/wiki/Qajar_dynasty" title="Qajar dynasty">Qajar dynasty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agha_Muhammad_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Agha Muhammad Khan">Agha Muhammad Khan</a>, was crowned in Urmia in 1795. </p><p>Due to the presence of a substantial <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a> minority at the end of the 19th<span class="nowrap"> </span>century, Urmia was also chosen as the site of the first Christian missionaries from the United States in Iran in 1835 led by <a href="/wiki/Justin_Perkins" title="Justin Perkins">Justin Perkins</a> (1805–1869) with <a href="/wiki/Asahel_Grant" title="Asahel Grant">Asahel Grant</a> (1807–1844); and followed by <a href="/wiki/Fidelia_Fisk" title="Fidelia Fisk">Fidelia Fiske</a> (1816–1864), <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Gallup_Cochran" title="Joseph Gallup Cochran">Joseph Gallup Cochran</a> (1817–1871), and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Cochran" title="Joseph Cochran">Joseph Plumb Cochran</a> (1855–1905).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another mission was soon underway in nearby <a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a> as well. During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, the population was estimated by Dr.<span class="nowrap"> </span>Caujole to be 30,000 people, and a quarter of which (7,500) were Assyrians and 1,000 Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-E.J._Brill_1936_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-E.J._Brill_1936-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 19th century, the region became the center of a short-lived Assyrian renaissance with many books and newspapers being published in <a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac</a>. Urmia was also the seat of a <a href="/wiki/Dioceses_of_the_Church_of_the_East_after_1552" title="Dioceses of the Church of the East after 1552">Chaldean diocese</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-naby_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-naby-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During late 1914 Ottoman forces under the command of <a href="/wiki/Enver_Pasha" title="Enver Pasha">Enver Pasha</a> stepped up clandestine activity in the region with the aim of committing the Ottoman Empire to war.<sup id="cite_ref-Gaunt2015_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaunt2015-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, the city changed hands several times between the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Russia">Russians</a> and the Ottoman troops and their Kurdish allies in the following two years.<sup id="cite_ref-TejirianSimon2012_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TejirianSimon2012-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1914, before the declaration of war against Russia, Ottoman forces crossed the border into Persia and destroyed Christian villages. Large-scale attacks in late September and October 1914 targeted many Assyrian villages, and the attackers neared Urmia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaunt2006129_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaunt2006129-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to Ottoman attacks, thousands of Christians living along the border fled to Urmia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHellot-Bellier2018117,_125_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHellot-Bellier2018117,_125-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many Christians fled during the Russian withdrawal from Azerbaijan at the beginning of January 1915,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHellot-Bellier2018120_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHellot-Bellier2018120-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 20,000 to 25,000 refugees were left stranded in Urmia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaunt2006110_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaunt2006110-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nearly 18,000 Christians sought shelter in the city's Presbyterian and <a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_the_Mission" title="Congregation of the Mission">Lazarist</a> missions. Although there was reluctance to attack the missionary compounds, many died of disease.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHellot-Bellier2018122_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHellot-Bellier2018122-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between February and May (when the Ottoman forces pulled out), there was a campaign of mass execution, looting, kidnapping, and extortion against Christians in Urmia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaunt2006110_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaunt2006110-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More than 100 men were arrested at the Lazarist compound, and dozens (including Mar Dinkha, bishop of Tergawer) were executed on 23 and 24 February.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHellot-Bellier2018126_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHellot-Bellier2018126-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Russian army advanced later in 1915.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> After Russia's withdrawal as a result of the 1917 <a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaunt201594_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaunt201594-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHellot2003138_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHellot2003138-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> about 5,000 Assyrian<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoohi-Kamali200376_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoohi-Kamali200376-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Armenian militia policed the area, but they frequently abused their power and killed Muslims without provocation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaunt202078_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaunt202078-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Armenian_and_Assyrian_refugees_in_the_avenue_leading_out_of_the_Kurdish_Gate,_Urmia,_1918.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Armenian_and_Assyrian_refugees_in_the_avenue_leading_out_of_the_Kurdish_Gate%2C_Urmia%2C_1918.png/220px-Armenian_and_Assyrian_refugees_in_the_avenue_leading_out_of_the_Kurdish_Gate%2C_Urmia%2C_1918.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Armenian_and_Assyrian_refugees_in_the_avenue_leading_out_of_the_Kurdish_Gate%2C_Urmia%2C_1918.png/330px-Armenian_and_Assyrian_refugees_in_the_avenue_leading_out_of_the_Kurdish_Gate%2C_Urmia%2C_1918.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Armenian_and_Assyrian_refugees_in_the_avenue_leading_out_of_the_Kurdish_Gate%2C_Urmia%2C_1918.png/440px-Armenian_and_Assyrian_refugees_in_the_avenue_leading_out_of_the_Kurdish_Gate%2C_Urmia%2C_1918.png 2x" data-file-width="495" data-file-height="343" /></a><figcaption>Armenian and Assyrian refugees in the avenue leading out of the Kurdish Gate, Urmia, July 1918</figcaption></figure> <p>From February to July 1918, the region was engulfed by ethnic violence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHellot2003138–139_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHellot2003138–139-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaunt202080_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaunt202080-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 22 February, local Muslims and the Persian governor began an uprising against the Christian militias in Urmia. The better-organized Christians, led by Agha Petros, brutally crushed the uprising; hundreds (possibly thousands) were killed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaunt202078_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaunt202078-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 16 March, Mar Shimun and many of his bodyguards were killed by the Kurdish chieftain <a href="/wiki/Simko_Shikak" title="Simko Shikak">Simko Shikak</a>, probably at the instigation of Persian officials fearing Assyrian separatism, after they met to discuss an alliance. Assyrians went on a killing and looting spree; unable to find Simko, they murdered Persian officials and inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoohi-Kamali200376–77_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoohi-Kamali200376–77-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaunt202079_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaunt202079-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kurds responded by massacring Christians, regardless of denomination or ethnicity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaunt202080_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaunt202080-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christians were massacred in Salmas in June and in Urmia in early July,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHellot2003138–139_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHellot2003138–139-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and many Assyrian women were abducted.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaby2017167_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaby2017167-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Christian militias in Azerbaijan were no match for the Ottoman army when it invaded in July 1918.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaunt202078_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaunt202078-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tens of thousands of Ottoman and Persian Assyrians fled south to <a href="/wiki/Hamadan" title="Hamadan">Hamadan</a>, where the British <a href="/wiki/Dunsterforce" title="Dunsterforce">Dunsterforce</a> was garrisoned, on 18 July to escape Ottoman forces approaching Urmia under <a href="/wiki/Ali_%C4%B0hsan_S%C3%A2bis" title="Ali İhsan Sâbis">Ali İhsan Sâbis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHellot-Bellier202017_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHellot-Bellier202017-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKévorkian2011744_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKévorkian2011744-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ottoman invasion was followed by killings of Christians, including Chaldean archbishop <a href="/wiki/Toma_Audo" title="Toma Audo">Toma Audo</a>, and the sacking of Urmia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoohi-Kamali200377_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoohi-Kamali200377-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaunt202080_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaunt202080-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_composition">Ethnic composition</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_church_of_Urmia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Old_church_of_Urmia.jpg/220px-Old_church_of_Urmia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Old_church_of_Urmia.jpg/330px-Old_church_of_Urmia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Old_church_of_Urmia.jpg/440px-Old_church_of_Urmia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2499" data-file-height="1856" /></a><figcaption>Assyrian Christian women praying in <a href="/wiki/St._Mary_Church,_Urmia" title="St. Mary Church, Urmia">Mart Maryam Church</a> in Urmia, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The city has been home to various <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups">ethnic groups</a> during its history. The population of Urmia in the early Islamic period was Christian.<sup id="cite_ref-EI_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late 19th century, <a href="/wiki/George_Curzon,_1st_Marquess_Curzon_of_Kedleston" title="George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston">George Curzon</a> reported a population of 30 to 40 thousand people, chiefly <a href="/wiki/Afshar_people" title="Afshar people">Afshars</a>, Nestorians, Jews, and Armenians,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while other sources also referred to an additional Persian community.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the beginning of the 20th<span class="nowrap"> </span>century, the city had a significant Christian minority (Assyrians and Armenians).<sup id="cite_ref-Columbia_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Columbia-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Macuch, and Ishaya, the city was the spiritual capital of the <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_people" title="Assyrian people">Assyrians</a>, who were influenced by four Christian missions that had been established in the city in the period from 1830 to the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Macuch_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Macuch-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A large number of the Assyrians and Armenians were killed in 1914 during the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian genocide">Assyrian</a> genocides,<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which resulted in a change in the city's demographics.<sup id="cite_ref-Macuch_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Macuch-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the fourteenth edition of Encyclopædia Britannica from 1929, the town's population was roughly estimated to be 45 thousand before the war, mainly being Turkish with Armenian and Nestorian minorities.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the era of <a href="/wiki/Reza_Shah_Pahlavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Reza Shah Pahlavi">Reza Shah Pahlavi</a>, Iranian Assyrians were invited to return to the region, and several thousand did return. There are around 5,000 Assyrians remaining in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until the <a href="/wiki/Iran_crisis_of_1946" title="Iran crisis of 1946">Iran crisis of 1946</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Establishment_of_the_State_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Establishment of the State of Israel">Establishment of the State of Israel</a> in 1947, several thousand Jews also lived Urmia, and their language (<a href="/wiki/Lish%C3%A1n_Did%C3%A1n" class="mw-redirect" title="Lishán Didán">Lishán Didán</a>) is still spoken by an ageing community in <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>. </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Research_Division" title="Federal Research Division">Federal Research Division</a> of <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>, ethnic Azeris form around 40% of the population of Urmia region.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of the city's residents are Azerbaijanis, with a large minority of Kurds, and a smaller number of Assyrians, and Armenians, as well as Persian-speakers who moved to the city mostly for employment.<sup id="cite_ref-Sadeghi_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sadeghi-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The majority of the population can speak the official language of Iran, <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>, in addition to their own native tongue.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Church_of_Saint_Mary_-_Urmia_-_Iran_-_%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%86%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%87_-_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Church_of_Saint_Mary_-_Urmia_-_Iran_-_%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%86%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%87_-_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86.jpg/200px-Church_of_Saint_Mary_-_Urmia_-_Iran_-_%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%86%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%87_-_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Church_of_Saint_Mary_-_Urmia_-_Iran_-_%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%86%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%87_-_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86.jpg/300px-Church_of_Saint_Mary_-_Urmia_-_Iran_-_%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%86%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%87_-_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Church_of_Saint_Mary_-_Urmia_-_Iran_-_%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%86%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%87_-_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86.jpg/400px-Church_of_Saint_Mary_-_Urmia_-_Iran_-_%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%86%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%87_-_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St._Mary_Church,_Urmia" title="St. Mary Church, Urmia">Saint Mary Church</a>: an ancient <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Church_of_the_East" title="Assyrian Church of the East">Assyrian</a> church located in the city of Urmia.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mar_Toma_church_urmia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Mar_Toma_church_urmia.jpg/200px-Mar_Toma_church_urmia.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Mar_Toma_church_urmia.jpg/300px-Mar_Toma_church_urmia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Mar_Toma_church_urmia.jpg/400px-Mar_Toma_church_urmia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St._Thomas_Church,_Balowlan" title="St. Thomas Church, Balowlan">Mar Toma church</a> near Urmia.</figcaption></figure> <p>The city is the archiepiscopal see of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic</a> Metropolitan <a href="/wiki/Chaldean_Catholic_Archeparchy_of_Urmy%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaldean Catholic Archeparchy of Urmyā">Chaldean Catholic Archeparchy of Urmyā</a>, which has a <a href="/wiki/Suffragan_bishop" title="Suffragan bishop">suffragan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Salmas" title="Salmas">Salmas</a>. There are also <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Church_of_the_East" title="Assyrian Church of the East">Church of the East</a> adherents and <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Orthodox">Armenian Orthodox</a>. There are four churches in the central part of the city, two being Assyrian Church of the East, one Armenian, and one Chaldean.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When 17th-century explorer <a href="/wiki/Evliya_%C3%87elebi" title="Evliya Çelebi">Evliya Çelebi</a> visited the region, the city's Muslim population was mostly Sunni and not yet converted to Shia Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-Çelebi_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Çelebi-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 1900, <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a> made up more than 40% of the city's population; however, most of the Christians were either killed when the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> invaded <a href="/wiki/Qajar_Iran" title="Qajar Iran">Qajar Iran</a> and committed <a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">genocide</a> against Urmia's <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian genocide">Assyrian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian</a> population<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaunt2006_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaunt2006-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or fled shortly after the end of the war. Approximately 15,000 <a href="/wiki/Assyrians_in_Iran" title="Assyrians in Iran">Assyrians</a> reside in northern Iran, in Urmia and various Assyrian villages in the surrounding area.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHooglund2008100–101_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHooglund2008100–101-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Christian_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian history">Christian history</a> of Urmia is well preserved and is especially evident in the city's many churches and cathedrals. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1986</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">300,746</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1991</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">357,399</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.51%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1996</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">435,200</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.02%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2006</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">583,255</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.97%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">667,499</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+2.74%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2016</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">736,224</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.98%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">source:<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population">Population</h3></div> <p>Urmia is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Iran_cities_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Iran cities by population">10th-most populous</a> city in <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>. At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 577,307 in 153,570 households.<sup id="cite_ref-2006_West_Azerbaijan_Province_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006_West_Azerbaijan_Province-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following census in 2011 counted 667,499 people in 197,749 households.<sup id="cite_ref-2011_West_Azerbaijan_Province_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011_West_Azerbaijan_Province-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 736,224 people in 225,050 households.<sup id="cite_ref-2016_West_Azerbaijan_Province_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2016_West_Azerbaijan_Province-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parks_and_touristic_centres">Parks and touristic centres</h2></div> <p>The tourist attractions of the city of Urmia include many parks and coastal villages lying on or near the shores of Lake Urmia. The oldest park in Urmia, called Park-e Saat, was established in the first <a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_dynasty" title="Pahlavi dynasty">Pahlavi</a> era. Urmia's largest park is Ellar Bagi Park (Azerbaijani "People's Garden") along the Shahar Chayi, or the "City River". </p><p><b>Lakes and ponds</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urmia_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Urmia Lake">Urmia Lake</a> Natural Park</li> <li>Hasanloo Lake</li> <li>Marmisho lake</li> <li>Shahrchay ِDam</li> <li>Urmia Lake Islands</li></ul> <p><b>Lagoons</b> </p> <ul><li>Haft Abad</li> <li>Soole Dokel</li> <li>Dana Boğan</li> <li>Ali Pancesi</li> <li>Isti Sou</li></ul> <p><b>Parks</b> </p> <ul><li>Park-e Saat (Clock Park)</li> <li>Park-e Jangali (Jungle Park)</li> <li>Ellar Bagi (People's Garden)</li> <li>Park-e Shahr (City Park)</li> <li>Park-e Saheli (Riverside Park)</li> <li>Park-e Shaghayegh</li> <li>Alghadir Park</li> <li>Tokhmemorghi (Oval) Park</li> <li>Ghaem Park</li></ul> <p><b>Scenic coastal villages:</b> </p> <ul><li>Chichest</li> <li>Bari</li> <li>Fanoos</li> <li>Sier</li> <li>Band</li> <li>Khoshako</li></ul> <p><b>Landscape attractions:</b> </p> <ul><li>Qasimlu Valley</li> <li>Kazem Dashi Islet in <a href="/wiki/Lake_Urmia" title="Lake Urmia">Lake Urmia</a></li> <li>Kashtiban Village</li> <li>Imamzada Village</li> <li>Silvana Region</li> <li>Rashekan to Dash Aghol</li> <li>Nazloo</li> <li>Dalamper</li> <li>Kaboodan Island<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2></div> <p>Urmia's climate is <a href="/wiki/Semi-arid_climate" title="Semi-arid climate">cold semi-arid climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>: <i>BSk</i>, <a href="/wiki/Trewartha_climate_classification" title="Trewartha climate classification">Trewartha</a>: <i>BS</i>), bordering on <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>: <i>Dfa</i>, <a href="/wiki/Trewartha_climate_classification" title="Trewartha climate classification">Trewartha</a>: <i>Dc</i>), with cold winters, mild springs, hot dry summers, and cool autumns. Precipitation is heavily concentrated in late autumn, winter (mostly in the form of snow), and especially spring, while precipitation is scarce in summer. Temperatures in Urmia are much colder than most of the remainder of Iran. The drought of <a href="/wiki/Urmia_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Urmia Lake">Urmia Lake</a> will have a negative impact on the climate of the region. </p><p>Being on the <a href="/wiki/Downwind" class="mw-redirect" title="Downwind">downwind</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rain_shadow" title="Rain shadow">rain shadow</a> side of the <a href="/wiki/Zagros_Mountains" title="Zagros Mountains">Zagros Mountains</a>, its winters are relatively drier and less snowy than <a href="/wiki/Hakk%C3%A2ri_(city)" title="Hakkâri (city)">Hakkari</a>'s (to the west) in southeastern Turkey due to the <a href="/wiki/Foehn_effect" class="mw-redirect" title="Foehn effect">foehn effect</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Urmia (Orumiyeh) 1991-2020, extremes 1961-2020 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.4<br />(61.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF952C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.8<br />(67.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.0<br />(78.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.8<br />(87.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0<br />(89.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.0<br />(98.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF0B00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.9<br />(103.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF0F00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.2<br />(102.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.2<br />(97.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0<br />(86.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8<br />(73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4<br />(70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF0B00; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">39.9<br />(103.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6<br />(38.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6<br />(43.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0<br />(53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.7<br />(63.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8<br />(73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.4<br />(83.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.5<br />(88.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.4<br />(88.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.3<br />(81.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.5<br />(68.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0<br />(53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6ED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8<br />(42.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">18.3<br />(64.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.8<br />(28.8) </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7<br />(33.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF5EB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9<br />(42.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3<br />(52.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0<br />(60.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.2<br />(70.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2<br />(75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.6<br />(74.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1<br />(66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8<br />(55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6<br />(42.1) </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3<br />(32.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.6<br />(52.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.4<br />(20.5) </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.6<br />(23.7) </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.2<br />(31.6) </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4<br />(39.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4C9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4<br />(47.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.5<br />(54.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8<br />(60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD6AD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4<br />(50.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6EE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.7<br />(42.3) </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3<br />(32.5) </td> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.2<br />(24.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">4.8<br />(40.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #6B6BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−22.8<br />(−9.0) </td> <td style="background: #6F6FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−22<br />(−8) </td> <td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−19<br />(−2) </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−12<br />(10) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.8<br />(28.8) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9<br />(39.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4C9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4<br />(47.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8<br />(46.0) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2<br />(36.0) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5<br />(23) </td> <td style="background: #9E9EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.4<br />(7.9) </td> <td style="background: #7A7AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−20<br />(−4) </td> <td style="background: #6B6BFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−22.8<br />(−9.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #D6FFD6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.4<br />(1.08) </td> <td style="background: #D0FFD0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.6<br />(1.13) </td> <td style="background: #BDFFBD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.2<br />(1.74) </td> <td style="background: #A3FFA3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.4<br />(2.34) </td> <td style="background: #C5FFC5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.8<br />(1.53) </td> <td style="background: #F1FFF1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0<br />(0.35) </td> <td style="background: #F7FFF7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1<br />(0.20) </td> <td style="background: #FBFFFB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.6<br />(0.10) </td> <td style="background: #F8FFF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4<br />(0.17) </td> <td style="background: #DAFFDA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3<br />(0.96) </td> <td style="background: #C0FFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.5<br />(1.59) </td> <td style="background: #D4FFD4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.5<br />(1.12) </td> <td style="background: #D7FFD7; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">312.8<br />(12.31) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8 </td> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3 </td> <td style="background: #B3B3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1 </td> <td style="background: #A3A3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2 </td> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8 </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0 </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7 </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 </td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5 </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3 </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0 </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">47.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #9696FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5 </td> <td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5 </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7 </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5 </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.5 </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">27.8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68 </td> <td style="background: #1D1DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">59 </td> <td style="background: #2424FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">57 </td> <td style="background: #2828FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">56 </td> <td style="background: #4B4BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">47 </td> <td style="background: #4F4FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">46 </td> <td style="background: #4F4FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">46 </td> <td style="background: #4747FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">48 </td> <td style="background: #2121FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">58 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #1E1EFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">58.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Dew_point" title="Dew point">dew point</a> °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #C5C5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.1<br />(21.0) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.1<br />(22.8) </td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.3<br />(27.9) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0<br />(35.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1<br />(43.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4CA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3<br />(46.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8<br />(51.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1<br />(50.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFE0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7<br />(44.1) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9<br />(39.0) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(32.0) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.9<br />(25.0) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2.5<br />(36.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #C0C023; color:#000000;" class="notheme">142 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">172 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">203 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">227 </td> <td style="background: #EBEB03; color:#000000;" class="notheme">285 </td> <td style="background: #FDFD2F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">353 </td> <td style="background: #FEFE31; color:#000000;" class="notheme">369 </td> <td style="background: #FAFA28; color:#000000;" class="notheme">353 </td> <td style="background: #F2F214; color:#000000;" class="notheme">306 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">237 </td> <td style="background: #D2D200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">175 </td> <td style="background: #BDBD34; color:#000000;" class="notheme">136 </td> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,958 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: NOAA<sup id="cite_ref-NCEI_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCEI-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (snow days 1961-1990<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)(extremes from both) </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Urmia" title="Special:EditPage/Urmia">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Sports are an important part of Urmia's culture. The most popular sport in Urmia is volleyball. Urmia is considered Iran's volleyball capital, and that is because of the ranks that <a href="/wiki/Shahrdari_Urmia_VC" title="Shahrdari Urmia VC">Shahrdari Urmia VC</a> got in <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Volleyball_Super_League" title="Iranian Volleyball Super League">Iranian Volleyball Super League</a> and for the great volleyball players who play on the <a href="/wiki/Iran_men%27s_national_volleyball_team" title="Iran men's national volleyball team">Iran men's national volleyball team</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/Saed_Marouf" class="mw-redirect" title="Saed Marouf">Saed Marouf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abdolreza_Alizadeh" title="Abdolreza Alizadeh">Abdolreza Alizadeh</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Milad_Ebadipour" title="Milad Ebadipour">Milad Ebadipour</a>) and first-class coaches in Iran. Recently, Urmia has also been called "the city of volleyball lovers" by the <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_Volleyball" title="Fédération Internationale de Volleyball">Fédération Internationale de Volleyball</a> (International Volleyball Federation, FIVB) official website. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/2010_Asian_Men%27s_Cup_Volleyball_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 Asian Men's Cup Volleyball Championship">2010 Asian Men's Cup Volleyball Championship</a> was held in <a href="/wiki/Ghadir_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghadir Arena">Ghadir Arena</a> in Urmia, <a href="/wiki/2012_WAFF_Futsal_Championship" title="2012 WAFF Futsal Championship">2012 WAFF Futsal Championship</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/2012_Asian_Junior_Men%27s_Volleyball_Championship" title="2012 Asian Junior Men's Volleyball Championship">2012 Asian Junior Men's Volleyball Championship</a> was also held in Urmia. It is also one of the venues of the <a href="/wiki/2019_FIVB_Volleyball_Men%27s_Nations_League" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 FIVB Volleyball Men's Nations League">2019 FIVB Volleyball Men's Nations League</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ashiqs_in_Tabriz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Ashiqs_in_Tabriz.jpg/220px-Ashiqs_in_Tabriz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Ashiqs_in_Tabriz.jpg/330px-Ashiqs_in_Tabriz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Ashiqs_in_Tabriz.jpg/440px-Ashiqs_in_Tabriz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="447" data-file-height="444" /></a><figcaption>An Ashik music group</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jame_mosque-Urmia_(2).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Jame_mosque-Urmia_%282%29.JPG/220px-Jame_mosque-Urmia_%282%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Jame_mosque-Urmia_%282%29.JPG/330px-Jame_mosque-Urmia_%282%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Jame_mosque-Urmia_%282%29.JPG/440px-Jame_mosque-Urmia_%282%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="810" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jameh_Mosque_of_Urmia" title="Jameh Mosque of Urmia">Jameh Mosque of Urmia</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis" title="Azerbaijanis">Azerbaijanis</a> hold festivals and ceremonies such as <a href="/wiki/Nowruz" title="Nowruz">Nowruz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Adha" title="Eid al-Adha">Eid al-Adha</a> like other Iranian ethnic groups with small differences.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ashik" title="Ashik">Ashik</a> music is one of the features of the Turkish speaking people of the world. It has different versions in Iran. Meanwhile, as many experts of this art testify the Urmia Ashik, is the most original and oldest version in the world, which has preserved its origin until the present day. Ashik music has its unique styles. As a piece of the culture of Azerbaijan, Urmia Ashik music has been registered in Iran's national heritage. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3></div> <ul><li>Natural History Museum – Displays the animals native to the vicinity of Urmia.</li> <li>Urmia Museum – Archaeological museum affiliated with the faculty of <a href="/wiki/Shahid_Beheshti_University" title="Shahid Beheshti University">Shahid Beheshti University</a>.</li> <li>Urmia Museum of Crafts and Classical Arts.</li> <li>Urmia Museum of َAnthropology.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Education_in_Iran_0003_Urmia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Education_in_Iran_0003_Urmia.jpg/220px-Education_in_Iran_0003_Urmia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Education_in_Iran_0003_Urmia.jpg/330px-Education_in_Iran_0003_Urmia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Education_in_Iran_0003_Urmia.jpg/440px-Education_in_Iran_0003_Urmia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9555" data-file-height="6767" /></a><figcaption>A School in Urmia (1910)</figcaption></figure> <p>The first modern style school established in Urmia in 1834.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Talare_chamran.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Talare_chamran.jpg/220px-Talare_chamran.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Talare_chamran.jpg/330px-Talare_chamran.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Talare_chamran.jpg/440px-Talare_chamran.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Urmia University's hall</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Higher_education">Higher education</h3></div> <p>Urmia was an important centre for <a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">higher education</a> approximately a century ago; indeed, the medical college of Urmia, which was built by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Cochran" title="Joseph Cochran">Joseph Cochran</a> and a team of American medical associates in 1878, is the first modern university of Iran. Unfortunately, the college was shut down even before the establishment of the first official University of Iran, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tehran" title="University of Tehran">University of Tehran</a>. Today, Urmia has become an important centre of education, with several state and private universities and institutes, including those listed below. </p><p><b>Universities in Urmia:</b> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>University </th> <th>Web Site </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Urmia_University" title="Urmia University">Urmia University</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.urmia.ac.ir">[1]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Malek_Ashtar_University_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Malek Ashtar University of Technology">Malek Ashtar University of Technology</a> Urmia Branch </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.mut.ac.ir">[2]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Urmia_University_of_Medical_Sciences" title="Urmia University of Medical Sciences">Urmia University of Medical Sciences</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.umsu.ac.ir/">[3]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Urmia_University_of_Technology" title="Urmia University of Technology">Urmia University of Technology</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.uut.ac.ir/">[4]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Azad_University" title="Islamic Azad University">Islamic Azad University of Urmia</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.iaurmia.ac.ir">[5]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Payame_Noor_University" title="Payame Noor University">Payame Noor University of Urmia</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090318214126/http://umpnu.ac.ir/">[6]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elmi_Karbordi_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elmi Karbordi University (page does not exist)">Elmi Karbordi University</a> of Urmia </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110704233313/http://www.uast.ac.ir/azgharbi/default.aspx">[7]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>University College of Saba </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://saba.ac.ir/">[8]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>University College of Azarabadegan </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://uca.ac.ir/">[9]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>University College of Elm O fan </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.efc.ac.ir">[10]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>University College of Kamal </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.kamal.ac.ir">[11]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Shahid Beheshti Technical School </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120504101022/http://www.sbi.ac.ir/">[12]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ghazi Tabatabaee Technical School </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.afo.ac.ir/">[13]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>The Girls Technical School of Urmia </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120616132615/http://www.wa.medu.ir/waafdu/index.php">[14]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Najand_Institute_of_Higher_Education" title="Najand Institute of Higher Education">Najand Institute of Higher Education</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.nazhand.ac.ir">[15]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>University College Afagh </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120501030250/http://www.afagh-university.ir/">[16]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libraries">Libraries</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allame_Tabatabayee" class="mw-redirect" title="Allame Tabatabayee">Allame Tabatabayee</a> Library</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Library_of_Urmia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Library of Urmia (page does not exist)">Central Library of Urmia</a></li> <li>Library of Ghaem</li> <li>Library of I.R. Iran Education Ministry</li> <li>Library of Imam Ali</li> <li>Library of kanoon parvaresh fekri</li> <li>Library of Khane-ye-Javan</li> <li>Library of <a href="/wiki/Morteza_Motahhari" title="Morteza Motahhari">Shahid Motahhari</a></li> <li>Library of <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Javad_Bahonar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad Javad Bahonar">Shahid Bahonar</a></li> <li>Library of Urmia Cultural and Artistical Center</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3></div> <p>Urmia has one state-owned television channel, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Urmia_TV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urmia TV (page does not exist)">Urmia TV</a>, which broadcasts in both <a href="/wiki/Azeri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Azeri language">Azerbaijani</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>, and internationally through satellite Intelsat<span class="nowrap"> </span>902.<sup id="cite_ref-urmia.irib.ir/_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urmia.irib.ir/-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio">Radio</h3></div> <p>Urmia has one radio channel broadcasting in <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_language" title="Kurdish language">Kurdish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>. The name of the local radio is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chichest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chichest (page does not exist)">Chichest</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-urmia.irib.ir/_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urmia.irib.ir/-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Press">Press</h3></div> <p>Among others, the city's print media include: </p> <ul><li>Orumiye</li> <li>Barish news</li> <li>Sedaye Urmia</li> <li>Amanat</li> <li>Koosha</li> <li>Araz</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation">Transportation</h3></div> <p>Most of Urmia's residents travel by car through the system of roads and <a href="/wiki/Highway" title="Highway">highways</a>. Urmia is also served by <a href="/wiki/Taxicab" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxicab">taxis</a> and public <a href="/wiki/Bus" title="Bus">buses</a>. There are also some private groups that provide services called "Phone-taxi."<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Two Tram-lines for Urmia are Planned.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Urmia is linked to <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> through <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Road_32_(Iran)" title="Road 32 (Iran)">roads</a> and Sero border crossing. <a href="/wiki/Urmia_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Urmia Airport">Urmia Airport</a>, which opened in 1964, was the first international airport in <a href="/wiki/West_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="West Azerbaijan">West Azerbaijan</a> county, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>. As of April 2015 it only has regularly scheduled domestic flights to <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Mehrabad_International_Airport" title="Mehrabad International Airport">Mehrabad International Airport</a>, although there are plans to establish a direct flight between Urmia and <a href="/wiki/Erbil" title="Erbil">Erbil</a>, due to the large number of passengers travelling between the two cities.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is recently connected to <a href="/wiki/Iran_National_Railways" class="mw-redirect" title="Iran National Railways">Iran National Railways</a> (IRIR, <span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">رجا</span></span>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health_systems">Health systems</h3></div> <p>The Iranian government operates public hospitals in the Urmia metropolitan region. There are also a number of private hospitals and medical centers in the city. Hospitals include:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Hospitals: </p> <ul><li>523 Artesh(Army) Hospital</li> <li>Arefian Hospital<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Azerbaijan Hospital<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Gholipour Children's Hospital</li> <li>Imam Khomeini Hospital<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Imam Reza Hospital</li> <li>Milad international medical center<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Motahari Hospital<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Omid Hospital<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Razi Psychiatry Hospital<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Taleghani Hospital<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Seyedoshohada Heart Hospital<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Shafa Hospital<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Shams Hospital<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Solati Hospital<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Clinics: </p> <ul><li>Fatimiye Pro-Medical Clinic</li> <li>Kosar Women's Pro-Medical Clinic</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consulates">Consulates</h3></div> <p>The Turkish government has a <a href="/wiki/Consulate" title="Consulate">consulate</a> on Beheshti Avenue. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="People">People</h2></div> <p>During its history Urmia was the origin for many Iranian illumination<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="Not clear; not the right word. (December 2017)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and modernization movements. The city was the hometown of numerous figures including politicians, revolutionaries, artists, and military leaders. Following is a partial list of some of the people who was born or lived in Urmia. </p><p><i>For a complete list see: <a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Urmia" title="Category:People from Urmia">Category:People from Urmia</a></i> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="text-align:left"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 100.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 98.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Safiyeedin_Urmavi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Safi al-Din al-Urmawi, was a renowned musician and writer on the theory of music."><img alt="Safi al-Din al-Urmawi, was a renowned musician and writer on the theory of music." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Safiyeedin_Urmavi.jpg/148px-Safiyeedin_Urmavi.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Safiyeedin_Urmavi.jpg/223px-Safiyeedin_Urmavi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Safiyeedin_Urmavi.jpg/297px-Safiyeedin_Urmavi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="368" data-file-height="604" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Safi_al-Din_al-Urmawi" title="Safi al-Din al-Urmawi">Safi al-Din al-Urmawi</a>, was a renowned musician and writer on the theory of music.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 104.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 102.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amo-oghli.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Haydar Khan e Amo-oghli, was a leftist revolutionary during the Iranian Constitutional Revolution and among the founders of the Communist Party of Iran."><img alt="Haydar Khan e Amo-oghli, was a leftist revolutionary during the Iranian Constitutional Revolution and among the founders of the Communist Party of Iran." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Amo-oghli.jpg/154px-Amo-oghli.jpg" decoding="async" width="103" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Amo-oghli.jpg/232px-Amo-oghli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Amo-oghli.jpg/309px-Amo-oghli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="684" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Haydar_Khan_e_Amo-oghli" class="mw-redirect" title="Haydar Khan e Amo-oghli">Haydar Khan e Amo-oghli</a>, was a leftist revolutionary during the Iranian Constitutional Revolution and among the founders of the Communist Party of Iran.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fatma_Mukhtarova.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fatma Mukhtarova, was a Soviet opera singer."><img alt="Fatma Mukhtarova, was a Soviet opera singer." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Fatma_Mukhtarova.jpg/181px-Fatma_Mukhtarova.jpg" decoding="async" width="121" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Fatma_Mukhtarova.jpg/272px-Fatma_Mukhtarova.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Fatma_Mukhtarova.jpg 2x" data-file-width="311" data-file-height="418" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Fatma_Mukhtarova" title="Fatma Mukhtarova">Fatma Mukhtarova</a>, was a Soviet opera singer.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 100px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 98px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saeid_Marouf_IRN_WC_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Saeid Marouf, is an Iranian volleyball player who plays as a setter for the Iranian national team which he captains."><img alt="Saeid Marouf, is an Iranian volleyball player who plays as a setter for the Iranian national team which he captains." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Saeid_Marouf_IRN_WC_2014.jpg/147px-Saeid_Marouf_IRN_WC_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Saeid_Marouf_IRN_WC_2014.jpg/220px-Saeid_Marouf_IRN_WC_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Saeid_Marouf_IRN_WC_2014.jpg/294px-Saeid_Marouf_IRN_WC_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1840" data-file-height="3056" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Saeid_Marouf" title="Saeid Marouf">Saeid Marouf</a>, is an Iranian <a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">volleyball</a> player who plays as a setter for the <a href="/wiki/Iran_men%27s_national_volleyball_team" title="Iran men's national volleyball team">Iranian national team</a> which he captains.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 126px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 124px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Picture_Mehrsa_Baradaran.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mehrsa Baradaran, an American law professor at the University of California, Irvine, was born in Urmia"><img alt="Mehrsa Baradaran, an American law professor at the University of California, Irvine, was born in Urmia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Picture_Mehrsa_Baradaran.jpg/186px-Picture_Mehrsa_Baradaran.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Picture_Mehrsa_Baradaran.jpg/280px-Picture_Mehrsa_Baradaran.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Picture_Mehrsa_Baradaran.jpg/373px-Picture_Mehrsa_Baradaran.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1414" data-file-height="1850" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mehrsa_Baradaran" title="Mehrsa Baradaran">Mehrsa Baradaran</a>, an American law professor at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Irvine" title="University of California, Irvine">University of California, Irvine</a>, was born in Urmia</div> </li> </ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="text-align:left"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF-_Davood_Azad.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Davood Azad, is an Iranian classical and folk music singer."><img alt="Davood Azad, is an Iranian classical and folk music singer." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF-_Davood_Azad.jpg/338px-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF-_Davood_Azad.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF-_Davood_Azad.jpg/508px-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF-_Davood_Azad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF-_Davood_Azad.jpg/676px-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF-_Davood_Azad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Davood_Azad" title="Davood Azad">Davood Azad</a>, is an Iranian classical and folk music singer.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 102px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 100px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oyan_N%C9%99z%C9%99riani.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Oyan Nazariani, is an Azerbaijani Beach wrestling and Greco-Roman wrestler born in Urmia. He is the head coach of the Azerbaijani beach wrestling team.[92]"><img alt="Oyan Nazariani, is an Azerbaijani Beach wrestling and Greco-Roman wrestler born in Urmia. He is the head coach of the Azerbaijani beach wrestling team.[92]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Oyan_N%C9%99z%C9%99riani.jpg/150px-Oyan_N%C9%99z%C9%99riani.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Oyan_N%C9%99z%C9%99riani.jpg/225px-Oyan_N%C9%99z%C9%99riani.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Oyan_N%C9%99z%C9%99riani.jpg/300px-Oyan_N%C9%99z%C9%99riani.jpg 2x" data-file-width="682" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Oyan_Nazariani" title="Oyan Nazariani">Oyan Nazariani</a>, is an Azerbaijani Beach wrestling and Greco-Roman wrestler born in Urmia. He is the head coach of the Azerbaijani beach wrestling team.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_and_sister_cities">Twin towns and sister cities</h2></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Erzurum" title="Erzurum">Erzurum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> (since 2015)<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark" title="Noah's Ark">Ark</a> of <a href="/wiki/Noah_in_Islam#In_culture" title="Noah in Islam">Nuh</a> or <a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_homeland" title="Assyrian homeland">Assyrian homeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Bradost" title="Emirate of Bradost">Emirate of Bradost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/64th_Infantry_Division_of_Urmia" title="64th Infantry Division of Urmia">64th Infantry Division of Urmia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Ecclesiastical_Mission_in_Urmia" title="Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in Urmia">Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in Urmia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Teppe_Hasanlu" title="Teppe Hasanlu">Teppe Hasanlu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Urmia_Orthodokseta" title="Urmia Orthodokseta">Urmia Orthodokseta</a></i></li></ul> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Urmia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Urmia">Urmia</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p><p><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/48px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/64px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Iran" title="Portal:Iran">Iran portal</a> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-fn1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fn1_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn1_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Also <a href="/wiki/Romanize" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanize">romanized</a> as <b>Orumiyeh</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Oroumieh</i>, <i>Oroumiyeh</i>, <i>Orūmīyeh</i> and <i>Urūmiyeh</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also romanized as <i>Rezaeyeh</i>, <i>Rezā’īyeh</i>, and <i>Rezâiyye</i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFOpenStreetMap_contributors2024" class="citation map cs1">OpenStreetMap contributors (28 September 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=37.543889&mlon=45.064722&zoom=13#map=13/37.54389/45.06472">"Urmia, Urmia County"</a> (Map). <i><a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=OpenStreetMap&rft.atitle=Urmia%2C+Urmia+County&rft.date=2024-09-28&rft.au=OpenStreetMap+contributors&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.openstreetmap.org%2F%3Fmlat%3D37.543889%26mlon%3D45.064722%26zoom%3D13%23map%3D13%2F37.54389%2F45.06472&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2016_West_Azerbaijan_Province-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2016_West_Azerbaijan_Province_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2016_West_Azerbaijan_Province_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220830042935/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_04.xlsx">Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): West Azerbaijan Province</a>. <i>amar.org.ir</i> (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_04.xlsx">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Excel)</span> on 30 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Census+of+the+Islamic+Republic+of+Iran%2C+1395+%282016%29%3A+West+Azerbaijan+Province&rft.pub=The+Statistical+Center+of+Iran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amar.org.ir%2FPortals%2F0%2Fcensus%2F1395%2Fresults%2Fabadi%2FCN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_04.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Orumiyeh">"Orūmīyeh | Iran | Britannica"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Or%C5%ABm%C4%AByeh+%26%23124%3B+Iran+%26%23124%3B+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FOrumiyeh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Urmia can be found at <a href="/wiki/GEOnet_Names_Server" title="GEOnet Names Server">GEOnet Names Server</a>, at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geonames.nga.mil/namesgaz/">this link</a>, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3077456" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-West_Azerbaijan_Province_Structure-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-West_Azerbaijan_Province_Structure_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHabibic._2023" class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Habibi, Hassan (c. 2023) [Approved 21 June 1369]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231220192713/https://lamtakam.com/law/council_of_ministers/113037">Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of West Azerbaijan province, centered in the city of Urmia</a>. <i>lamtakam.com</i> (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Council. Notification 82808/T137. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lamtakam.com/law/council_of_ministers/113037">the original</a> on 20 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2023</span> – via Lam ta Kam.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Approval+of+the+organization+and+chain+of+citizenship+of+the+elements+and+units+of+the+national+divisions+of+West+Azerbaijan+province%2C+centered+in+the+city+of+Urmia&rft.pub=Ministry+of+the+Interior%2C+Defense+Political+Commission+of+the+Government+Council&rft.aulast=Habibi&rft.aufirst=Hassan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flamtakam.com%2Flaw%2Fcouncil_of_ministers%2F113037&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHellot-Bellier2019" class="citation book cs1">Hellot-Bellier, Florence (2019). "The Resistance of Urmia Assyrians to Violence at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvw049wf.8"><i>Let Them Not Return: Sayfo – The Genocide Against the Assyrian, Syriac, and Chaldean Christians in the Ottoman Empire</i></a>. Vol. 26 (1 ed.). Berghahn Books. pp. 71, 95, 96. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctvw049wf.8">10.2307/j.ctvw049wf.8</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78533-498-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78533-498-6"><bdi>978-1-78533-498-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvw049wf.8">j.ctvw049wf.8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Resistance+of+Urmia+Assyrians+to+Violence+at+the+Beginning+of+the+Twentieth+Century&rft.btitle=Let+Them+Not+Return%3A+Sayfo+%E2%80%93+The+Genocide+Against+the+Assyrian%2C+Syriac%2C+and+Chaldean+Christians+in+the+Ottoman+Empire&rft.pages=71%2C+95%2C+96&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctvw049wf.8%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctvw049wf.8&rft.isbn=978-1-78533-498-6&rft.aulast=Hellot-Bellier&rft.aufirst=Florence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctvw049wf.8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaunt2006" class="citation book cs1">Gaunt, David (2006). "Playing with Fire: Occupied Urmia". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.31826/9781463210816-009/html"><i>Massacres, Resistance, Protectors: Muslim-Christian Relations in Eastern Anatolia during World War I</i></a>. Gorgias Press. pp. 81–120. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.31826%2F9781463210816-009">10.31826/9781463210816-009</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4632-1081-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4632-1081-6"><bdi>978-1-4632-1081-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Playing+with+Fire%3A+Occupied+Urmia&rft.btitle=Massacres%2C+Resistance%2C+Protectors%3A+Muslim-Christian+Relations+in+Eastern+Anatolia+during+World+War+I&rft.pages=81-120&rft.pub=Gorgias+Press&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.31826%2F9781463210816-009&rft.isbn=978-1-4632-1081-6&rft.aulast=Gaunt&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.31826%2F9781463210816-009%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Columbia-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Columbia_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Columbia_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Urmia.html">"Urmia | Encyclopedia.com"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Urmia+%7C+Encyclopedia.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Fdoc%2F1E1-Urmia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nineveh.com-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nineveh.com_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nineveh.com/Assyrians%20in%20the%20History%20of%20Urmia,%20Iran.html">"Assyrians in the History of Urmia, Iran"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Assyrians+in+the+History+of+Urmia%2C+Iran&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nineveh.com%2FAssyrians%2520in%2520the%2520History%2520of%2520Urmia%2C%2520Iran.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-E.J._Brill_1936-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-E.J._Brill_1936_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-E.J._Brill_1936_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">E. J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936, M.<span class="nowrap"> </span>Th<span class="nowrap"> </span>Houtsma, p.<span class="nowrap"> </span>1035, 1987</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isna.ir/news/1401022718297/ثبت-۳۴۳۱-قلم-اثر-آذربایجان-غربی-در-سامانه-جامع-میراث-فرهنگی-کشور">"ثبت ۳۴۳۱ قلم اثر آذربایجان غربی در سامانه جامع میراث فرهنگی کشور"</a>. 17 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%AB%D8%A8%D8%AA+%DB%B3%DB%B4%DB%B3%DB%B1+%D9%82%D9%84%D9%85+%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1+%D8%A2%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C+%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9+%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AB+%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C+%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1&rft.date=2022-05-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.isna.ir%2Fnews%2F1401022718297%2F%D8%AB%D8%A8%D8%AA-%DB%B3%DB%B4%DB%B3%DB%B1-%D9%82%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1-%D8%A2%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87-%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9-%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AB-%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard Nelson Frye, The history of ancient Iran, München (1984), 48–49</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Proto-Indoaryans, by T. Burrow, The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, No.<span class="nowrap"> </span>2 (1973), pp. 123–140, published by Cambridge University Press, see 139</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.assyrianlanguages.org/sureth/dosearch.php">"Search Entry"</a>. <i>assyrianlanguages.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=assyrianlanguages.org&rft.atitle=Search+Entry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.assyrianlanguages.org%2Fsureth%2Fdosearch.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sykes-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sykes_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSykes1921" class="citation book cs1">Sykes, Percy (1921). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/7307/view/1/67/"><i>A History of Persia</i></a>. London: Macmillan and Company. p. 67.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Persia&rft.place=London&rft.pages=67&rft.pub=Macmillan+and+Company&rft.date=1921&rft.aulast=Sykes&rft.aufirst=Percy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wdl.org%2Fen%2Fitem%2F7307%2Fview%2F1%2F67%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Urmia"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Urmia">"Urmia" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 800.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Urmia&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=800&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Çelebi-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Çelebi_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Çelebi_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDankoffKahramanDağlı" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source-2"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Dankoff" title="Robert Dankoff">Dankoff, Robert</a>; Kahraman, Seyit Ali; Dağlı, Yücel (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/EvliyelebiSeyahatnmesiIV/page/n313/mode/2up"><i>Evliyâ Çelebi Seyahatnâmesi: IV</i></a> (in Ottoman Turkish). Yapı Kredi Yayınları. pp. 314–315<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2022</span>. <q>Moğol kavmi bu kal'aya Urumiye derler. Kavm-i Acem Rûmiyye-i Kübrâ derler. Ba'zı müverrihân Türkistân-ı İrân derler. Zirâ evliyâ-yı Türkmanı gâyet çokdur.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Evliy%C3%A2+%C3%87elebi+Seyahatn%C3%A2mesi%3A+IV&rft.pages=314-315&rft.pub=Yap%C4%B1+Kredi+Yay%C4%B1nlar%C4%B1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FEvliyelebiSeyahatnmesiIV%2Fpage%2Fn313%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hakobyan T. Kh., Melik-Bakhshyan St. T., Barseghyan H. Kh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nayiri.com/imagedDictionaryBrowser.jsp?dictionaryId=61&query=%D5%88%D6%82%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1">Dictionary of Toponyms of Adjacent Regions of Armenia , vol. 5</a>, Yerevan University Publishing House", 2001, nayiri.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gunaz.tv/az/new/rmu-randa-hava-irkliliyin-g-r-ilk-10-h-r">"Urmu İranın havası çirkli olan 10 şəhəri siyahısında"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Gunaz.TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Gunaz.TV">Gunaz.TV</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gunaz.TV&rft.atitle=Urmu+%C4%B0ran%C4%B1n+havas%C4%B1+%C3%A7irkli+olan+10+%C5%9F%C9%99h%C9%99ri+siyah%C4%B1s%C4%B1nda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gunaz.tv%2Faz%2Fnew%2Frmu-randa-hava-irkliliyin-g-r-ilk-10-h-r&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kurdistan24.net/ku/news/302266d2-735a-40cc-a6f5-9cb323d84d09">"Parêzgarên Ûrmiyê û Colemêrgê liser pirsên ewlekariyê civîn encam dan"</a> [The governors of Urmia and Hakkari met on security issues] (in Kurdish). Kurdistan24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Par%C3%AAzgar%C3%AAn+%C3%9Brmiy%C3%AA+%C3%BB+Colem%C3%AArg%C3%AA+liser+pirs%C3%AAn+ewlekariy%C3%AA+civ%C3%AEn+encam+dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kurdistan24.net%2Fku%2Fnews%2F302266d2-735a-40cc-a6f5-9cb323d84d09&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kurdistanhumanrights.net/ku/?p=8163">"بەندیخانەی ورمێ؛ بەندکراوێک بەگومانی تووشبوون بە بە ڤایرۆسی کرۆنا ڕەوانەی نەخۆشخانە کرا"</a> (in Kurdish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D8%A8%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95%DB%8C+%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%8E%D8%9B+%D8%A8%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8E%DA%A9+%D8%A8%DB%95%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C+%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86+%D8%A8%DB%95+%D8%A8%DB%95+%DA%A4%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%86%D8%B3%DB%8C+%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%86%D9%86%D8%A7+%DA%95%DB%95%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95%DB%8C+%D9%86%DB%95%D8%AE%DB%86%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95+%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkurdistanhumanrights.net%2Fku%2F%3Fp%3D8163&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas A. Carlson et al., "Urmia – ܐܘܪܡܝܐ ” in The Syriac Gazetteer last modified 30 June 2014, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://syriaca.org/place/206">http://syriaca.org/place/206</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibb,_Kramers,_Lewis1992" class="citation book cs1">Gibb, Kramers, Lewis, Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen, Johannes Hendrik, Bernard (1992). <i>The Encyclopaedia of Islam : New Edition Vol. 7</i> (Encyclopaedia of Islam New ed.). p. 1032.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam+%3A+New+Edition+Vol.+7&rft.pages=1032&rft.edition=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam+New&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Gibb%2C+Kramers%2C+Lewis&rft.aufirst=Hamilton+Alexander+Rosskeen%2C+Johannes+Hendrik%2C+Bernard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Skutsch2013-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Skutsch2013_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarl_Skutsch2013" class="citation book cs1">Carl Skutsch (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yXYKAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA149"><i>Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities</i></a>. Routledge. p. 149. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-19388-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-19388-1"><bdi>978-1-135-19388-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+World%27s+Minorities&rft.pages=149&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-135-19388-1&rft.au=Carl+Skutsch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyXYKAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA149&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERothman2015236-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERothman2015236_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRothman2015">Rothman 2015</a>, p. 236.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENasiriFloor2008248-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasiriFloor2008248_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNasiriFloor2008">Nasiri & Floor 2008</a>, p. 248.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOberling1984582–586-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOberling1984582–586_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOberling1984582–586_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOberling1984582–586_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOberling1984">Oberling 1984</a>, pp. 582–586.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpeer1911" class="citation book cs1">Speer, Robert Elliott (1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tkgDAAAAYAAJ"><i>The Hakim Sahib, the Foreign Doctor: A Biography of Joseph Plumb Cochran, M. D., of Persia</i></a>. Revell. pp. 11–12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7950-1105-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7950-1105-4"><bdi>978-0-7950-1105-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hakim+Sahib%2C+the+Foreign+Doctor%3A+A+Biography+of+Joseph+Plumb+Cochran%2C+M.+D.%2C+of+Persia&rft.pages=11-12&rft.pub=Revell&rft.date=1911&rft.isbn=978-0-7950-1105-4&rft.aulast=Speer&rft.aufirst=Robert+Elliott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtkgDAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15225a.htm">"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Urmiah"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CATHOLIC+ENCYCLOPEDIA%3A+Urmiah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F15225a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-naby-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-naby_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaby2007" class="citation journal cs1">Naby, Eden (September 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aina.org/articles/tlaieeapbww1.pdf">"Theater, Language and Inter-Ethnic Exchange: Assyrian Performance before World War I Eden Naby1"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Iranian Studies</i>. <b>40</b> (4): 501–510. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00210860701476510">10.1080/00210860701476510</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:161752252">161752252</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Iranian+Studies&rft.atitle=Theater%2C+Language+and+Inter-Ethnic+Exchange%3A+Assyrian+Performance+before+World+War+I+Eden+Naby1&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=501-510&rft.date=2007-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00210860701476510&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A161752252%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Naby&rft.aufirst=Eden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aina.org%2Farticles%2Ftlaieeapbww1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gaunt2015-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gaunt2015_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaunt2015" class="citation journal cs1">Gaunt, David (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/690">"The Complexity of the Assyrian Genocide"</a>. <i>Genocide Studies International</i>. <b>9</b> (1): 83–103. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3138%2Fgsi.9.1.05">10.3138/gsi.9.1.05</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129899863">129899863</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genocide+Studies+International&rft.atitle=The+Complexity+of+the+Assyrian+Genocide&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=83-103&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3138%2Fgsi.9.1.05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A129899863%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Gaunt&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Fjournal%2F690&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TejirianSimon2012-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TejirianSimon2012_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTejirianSimon2012" class="citation book cs1">Tejirian, Eleanor H.; Simon, Reeva S. (1 September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bHwMD0-X7aYC&pg=PT351"><i>Conflict, conquest, and conversion</i></a>. Columbia University Press. pp. 350–351. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-51109-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-51109-4"><bdi>978-0-231-51109-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conflict%2C+conquest%2C+and+conversion&rft.pages=350-351&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2012-09-01&rft.isbn=978-0-231-51109-4&rft.aulast=Tejirian&rft.aufirst=Eleanor+H.&rft.au=Simon%2C+Reeva+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbHwMD0-X7aYC%26pg%3DPT351&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaunt2006129-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaunt2006129_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGaunt2006">Gaunt 2006</a>, p. 129.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHellot-Bellier2018117,_125-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHellot-Bellier2018117,_125_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHellot-Bellier2018">Hellot-Bellier 2018</a>, pp. 117, 125.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHellot-Bellier2018120-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHellot-Bellier2018120_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHellot-Bellier2018">Hellot-Bellier 2018</a>, p. 120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaunt2006110-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaunt2006110_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaunt2006110_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGaunt2006">Gaunt 2006</a>, p. 110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHellot-Bellier2018122-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHellot-Bellier2018122_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHellot-Bellier2018">Hellot-Bellier 2018</a>, p. 122.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHellot-Bellier2018126-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHellot-Bellier2018126_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHellot-Bellier2018">Hellot-Bellier 2018</a>, p. 126.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaunt201594-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaunt201594_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGaunt2015">Gaunt 2015</a>, p. 94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHellot2003138-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHellot2003138_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHellot2003">Hellot 2003</a>, p. 138.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoohi-Kamali200376-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoohi-Kamali200376_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKoohi-Kamali2003">Koohi-Kamali 2003</a>, p. 76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaunt202078-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaunt202078_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaunt202078_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaunt202078_44-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGaunt2020">Gaunt 2020</a>, p. 78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHellot2003138–139-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHellot2003138–139_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHellot2003138–139_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHellot2003">Hellot 2003</a>, pp. 138–139.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaunt202080-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaunt202080_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaunt202080_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaunt202080_46-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGaunt2020">Gaunt 2020</a>, p. 80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoohi-Kamali200376–77-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoohi-Kamali200376–77_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKoohi-Kamali2003">Koohi-Kamali 2003</a>, pp. 76–77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaunt202079-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaunt202079_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGaunt2020">Gaunt 2020</a>, p. 79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaby2017167-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaby2017167_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaby2017">Naby 2017</a>, p. 167.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHellot-Bellier202017-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHellot-Bellier202017_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHellot-Bellier2020">Hellot-Bellier 2020</a>, 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKévorkian2011744-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKévorkian2011744_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKévorkian2011">Kévorkian 2011</a>, p. 744.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoohi-Kamali200377-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoohi-Kamali200377_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKoohi-Kamali2003">Koohi-Kamali 2003</a>, p. 77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EI-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EI_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"URMIYA", <i>Encyclopaedia of Islam</i> (edition 2)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RdXUAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA183"><i>The Quarterly Review Volume 176</i></a>. London: John Murray. 1893. p. 183<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Quarterly+Review+Volume+176&rft.place=London&rft.pages=183&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=1893&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRdXUAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA183&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FQlLAAAAYAAJ&pg=176"><i>Report of the Fifty-ninth Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science Held at Newcastle-upon-Tyne in September 1889</i></a>. London: John Murray. 1890. p. 176<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Report+of+the+Fifty-ninth+Meeting+of+the+British+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Science+Held+at+Newcastle-upon-Tyne+in+September+1889&rft.place=London&rft.pages=176&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=1890&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFQlLAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3D176&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBakerSmithOleynik2014" class="citation book cs1">Baker, Patricia L.; Smith, Hilary; Oleynik, Maria (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RT0bAgAAQBAJ&q=urmia"><i>Iran</i></a>. Bradt Travel Guides. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781841624020" title="Special:BookSources/9781841624020"><bdi>9781841624020</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iran&rft.pub=Bradt+Travel+Guides&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781841624020&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Patricia+L.&rft.au=Smith%2C+Hilary&rft.au=Oleynik%2C+Maria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRT0bAgAAQBAJ%26q%3Durmia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Macuch-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Macuch_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Macuch_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/assyrians-in-iran">"ASSYRIANS IN IRAN"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ASSYRIANS+IN+IRAN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fassyrians-in-iran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHovannisian2011" class="citation book cs1">Hovannisian, Richard G. (31 December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K3monyE4CVQC&q=assyrian+genocide+urmia&pg=PA271"><i>The Armenian Genocide</i></a>. Transaction Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781412835923" title="Special:BookSources/9781412835923"><bdi>9781412835923</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Armenian+Genocide&rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&rft.date=2011-12-31&rft.isbn=9781412835923&rft.aulast=Hovannisian&rft.aufirst=Richard+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DK3monyE4CVQC%26q%3Dassyrian%2Bgenocide%2Burmia%26pg%3DPA271&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHooperGarvinCox1929" class="citation book cs1">Hooper, Franklin Henry; Garvin, James Louis; Cox, Warren E. (1929). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AolGAQAAIAAJ"><i>The Encyclopedia Britannica</i></a>. Encyclopedia britannica Company, Limited. p. 899<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.pages=899&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+britannica+Company%2C+Limited&rft.date=1929&rft.aulast=Hooper&rft.aufirst=Franklin+Henry&rft.au=Garvin%2C+James+Louis&rft.au=Cox%2C+Warren+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAolGAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl-Jeloo2010" class="citation journal cs1">Al-Jeloo, Nicholas (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/1846175">"Evidence in Stone and Wood: The Assyrian/Syriac History and Heritage of the Urmia Region in Iran"</a>. <i>Parole de l'Orient</i>. <b>35</b>: 1–15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Parole+de+l%27Orient&rft.atitle=Evidence+in+Stone+and+Wood%3A+The+Assyrian%2FSyriac+History+and+Heritage+of+the+Urmia+Region+in+Iran&rft.volume=35&rft.pages=1-15&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Al-Jeloo&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F1846175&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurtis2008" class="citation book cs1">Curtis, Glenn E. (2008). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/irancountrystudy00curt_2/page/97"><i>Iran: A Country Study</i></a></span>. Washington D.C.: Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/irancountrystudy00curt_2/page/97">97</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8444-1187-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8444-1187-3"><bdi>978-0-8444-1187-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iran%3A+A+Country+Study&rft.place=Washington+D.C.&rft.pages=97&rft.pub=Federal+Research+Division+of+the+Library+of+Congress&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8444-1187-3&rft.aulast=Curtis&rft.aufirst=Glenn+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Firancountrystudy00curt_2%2Fpage%2F97&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sadeghi-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sadeghi_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSadeghiRichards2016" class="citation journal cs1">Sadeghi, Karim; Richards, Jack C (18 May 2016). "The idea of English in Iran: an example from Urmia". <i>Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development</i>. <b>37</b> (4): 420. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01434632.2015.1080714">10.1080/01434632.2015.1080714</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0143-4632">0143-4632</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:147225654">147225654</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Multilingual+and+Multicultural+Development&rft.atitle=The+idea+of+English+in+Iran%3A+an+example+from+Urmia&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=420&rft.date=2016-05-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A147225654%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0143-4632&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F01434632.2015.1080714&rft.aulast=Sadeghi&rft.aufirst=Karim&rft.au=Richards%2C+Jack+C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">دكتر م پناهايان، مجموعه اي در چهار جلد به نام " فرهنگ جغرافياي ملي تركان ايران زمين " سال 1351 Dr. M. Panahian, a four-volume collection entitled "National Geographical Culture of the Turks of Iran" in 1351</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">سيري در تاريخ زبان ولهجه هاي تركي , دكتر جواد هئيت- چاپ سوم , سال1380,ص 307 A Journey in the History of Turkish Language and Dialects, Dr. Javad Hayat – Third Edition, 2001, p. 307</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Location of Nestorian Churches- <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/Holy+Mary+Church/@37.5441966,45.0678303,244m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m2!3m1!1s0x0000000000000000:0x3a31bcdb0de639d3!6m1!1e1">https://www.google.com/maps/place/Holy+Mary+Church/@37.5441966,45.0678303,244m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m2!3m1!1s0x0000000000000000:0x3a31bcdb0de639d3!6m1!1e1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Location of Armenian and Chaldean churches- <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/37%C2%B033'04.3%22N+45%C2%B003'57.9%22E/@37.5511954,45.0653628,244m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0">https://www.google.com/maps/place/37%C2%B033'04.3%22N+45%C2%B003'57.9%22E/@37.5511954,45.0653628,244m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHellot-Bellier2019" class="citation book cs1">Hellot-Bellier, Florence (2019). "The Resistance of Urmia Assyrians to Violence at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvw049wf.8"><i>Let Them Not Return: Sayfo – The Genocide Against the Assyrian, Syriac, and Chaldean Christians in the Ottoman Empire</i></a>. Vol. 26 (1 ed.). Berghahn Books. pp. 95–96. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctvw049wf.8">10.2307/j.ctvw049wf.8</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78533-498-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78533-498-6"><bdi>978-1-78533-498-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvw049wf.8">j.ctvw049wf.8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Resistance+of+Urmia+Assyrians+to+Violence+at+the+Beginning+of+the+Twentieth+Century&rft.btitle=Let+Them+Not+Return%3A+Sayfo+%E2%80%93+The+Genocide+Against+the+Assyrian%2C+Syriac%2C+and+Chaldean+Christians+in+the+Ottoman+Empire&rft.pages=95-96&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctvw049wf.8%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctvw049wf.8&rft.isbn=978-1-78533-498-6&rft.aulast=Hellot-Bellier&rft.aufirst=Florence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctvw049wf.8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaunt2006-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaunt2006_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGaunt2006">Gaunt 2006</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHooglund2008100–101-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHooglund2008100–101_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHooglund2008">Hooglund (2008)</a>, pp. 100–101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citypopulation.de/en/iran/cities/">Iran: Provinces and Cities population statistics</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2006_West_Azerbaijan_Province-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2006_West_Azerbaijan_Province_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110920094953/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/04.xls">Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): West Azerbaijan Province</a>. <i>amar.org.ir</i> (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/04.xls">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Excel)</span> on 20 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Census+of+the+Islamic+Republic+of+Iran%2C+1385+%282006%29%3A+West+Azerbaijan+Province&rft.pub=The+Statistical+Center+of+Iran&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amar.org.ir%2FDesktopModules%2FFTPManager%2Fupload%2Fupload2360%2Fnewjkh%2Fnewjkh%2F04.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2011_West_Azerbaijan_Province-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2011_West_Azerbaijan_Province_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230120205939/https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/West-Azerbaijan.xls">Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): West Azerbaijan Province</a>. <i>irandataportal.syr.edu</i> (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/West-Azerbaijan.xls">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Excel)</span> on 20 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2022</span> – via Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Census+of+the+Islamic+Republic+of+Iran%2C+1390+%282011%29%3A+West+Azerbaijan+Province&rft.pub=The+Statistical+Center+of+Iran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firandataportal.syr.edu%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FWest-Azerbaijan.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.bari.ir/bari/en/tours/jazebeha/kaboodan/">http://www.bari.ir/bari/en/tours/jazebeha/kaboodan/</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266323729_Modeling_the_exceptional_south_Foehn_event_Garmij_over_the_Alborz_Mountains_during_the_extreme_forest_fire_of_December_2005">Modeling the exceptional south Foehn event (Garmij) over the Alborz Mountains during the extreme forest fire of December 2005</a> February 2014, Natural Hazards, Abbas Mofidi, Iman Soltanzadeh,Yadollah Yousefi, Azar Zarrin, MohsenSoltani, Jafar Masoompour Samakosh,Ghasem Azizi, et al. Retrieved 27 May 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NCEI-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NCEI_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/Iran/CSV/Orumiyeh_40712.csv">"World Meteorological Organization climate normals for 1991-2020: Orumiyeh-40712"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(CSV)</span>. <i>ncei.noaa.gov</i> (Excel). <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">National Oceanic and Atmosoheric Administration</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ncei.noaa.gov&rft.atitle=World+Meteorological+Organization+climate+normals+for+1991-2020%3A+Orumiyeh-40712&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nodc.noaa.gov%2Farchive%2Farc0216%2F0253808%2F2.2%2Fdata%2F0-data%2FRegion-2-WMO-Normals-9120%2FIran%2FCSV%2FOrumiyeh_40712.csv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOAA-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NOAA_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-II/IR/40712.TXT">"Oroomieh Climate Normals 1961–1990"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oroomieh+Climate+Normals+1961%E2%80%931990&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=ftp%3A%2F%2Fftp.atdd.noaa.gov%2Fpub%2FGCOS%2FWMO-Normals%2FRA-II%2FIR%2F40712.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.karoon.com/moosighi-asheghi-azarbaijan-sahrghi-asheq-rasul-qorbani">Moosighi Asheghi Azarbaijan Sahrghi</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=13920609000540">"معاون شهرسازی و معماری شهردار ارومیه خبر داد تخصیص بودجه 550 میلیارد تومانی شهرداری ارومیه"</a> [The Deputy Mayor of Urmia for Urban Planning and Architecture announced the allocation of a budget of 550 billion Tomans for the Municipality of Urmia] (in Persian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86+%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C+%D9%88+%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C+%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%87+%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B1+%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF+%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%B5%DB%8C%D8%B5+%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%AC%D9%87+550+%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF+%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C+%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C+%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%87&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.farsnews.com%2Fnewstext.php%3Fnn%3D13920609000540&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-urmia.irib.ir/-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-urmia.irib.ir/_79-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-urmia.irib.ir/_79-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urmia.irib.ir/">"پایگاه اطلاع رسانی صدا و سیمای مرکز آذربایجان غربی"</a> [West Azerbaijan Central Broadcasting Information Center] (in Persian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87+%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9+%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C+%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7+%D9%88+%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C+%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B2+%D8%A2%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Furmia.irib.ir%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.mehrnews.com/news/144337/Urmia-Erbil-direct-flights-to-be-established-in-near-future">"Urmia-Erbil direct flights to be established in near future"</a>. <i>Mehr News Agency</i>. 21 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mehr+News+Agency&rft.atitle=Urmia-Erbil+direct+flights+to+be+established+in+near+future&rft.date=2019-04-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.mehrnews.com%2Fnews%2F144337%2FUrmia-Erbil-direct-flights-to-be-established-in-near-future&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.basnews.com/index.php/en/news/kurdistan/515927">"Direct Flights to Start Between Urmia and Erbil: Iranian Official"</a>. <i>Basnews</i>. 21 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Basnews&rft.atitle=Direct+Flights+to+Start+Between+Urmia+and+Erbil%3A+Iranian+Official&rft.date=2019-04-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.basnews.com%2Findex.php%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fkurdistan%2F515927&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arefian.ir/">"Arefian hospital"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arefian+hospital&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arefian.ir%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://azarbaijanhospital.com/">"Azerbaijan Hospital"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Azerbaijan+Hospital&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fazarbaijanhospital.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://imam.umsu.ac.ir/">"Imam Khomeini Hospital"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Imam+Khomeini+Hospital&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fimam.umsu.ac.ir%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203000620/http://mimc.ir/">"Milad hospital"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mimc.ir/">the original</a> on 3 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Milad+hospital&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmimc.ir%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://motahari.umsu.ac.ir/">"Motahari Hospital"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Motahari+Hospital&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmotahari.umsu.ac.ir%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omidcharity.com/">"Omid Hospital"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Omid+Hospital&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.omidcharity.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://razi.umsu.ac.ir/">"Razi Hospital"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Razi+Hospital&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frazi.umsu.ac.ir%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taleghani.umsu.ac.ir/">"Taleghani Hospital"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Taleghani+Hospital&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftaleghani.umsu.ac.ir%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sshohada.umsu.ac.ir/">"Seyedoshohada Hospital"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Seyedoshohada+Hospital&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsshohada.umsu.ac.ir%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shafahospitalur.com/index.html/">"Shafa Hospital"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shafa+Hospital&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shafahospitalur.com%2Findex.html%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shamshospital.com/">"Shams Hospital"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shams+Hospital&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shamshospital.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dr-soulatihosp.com/fa/">"Solati Hospital"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Solati+Hospital&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dr-soulatihosp.com%2Ffa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://awf.az/x-b-rl-r/item/4813-azaerbaydzan-zhulaesh-federasiyas-n-n-idzlas-kedzhirilib">"Azərbaycan Güləş Federasiyasının iclası keçirilib"</a>. awf.az. 21 September 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200921141631/http://awf.az/x-b-rl-r/item/4813-azaerbaydzan-zhulaesh-federasiyas-n-n-idzlas-kedzhirilib">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Az%C9%99rbaycan+G%C3%BCl%C9%99%C5%9F+Federasiyas%C4%B1n%C4%B1n+iclas%C4%B1+ke%C3%A7irilib&rft.pub=awf.az&rft.date=2020-09-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fawf.az%2Fx-b-rl-r%2Fitem%2F4813-azaerbaydzan-zhulaesh-federasiyas-n-n-idzlas-kedzhirilib&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.mehrnews.com/news/106532/Urmia-Erzurum-sign-sisterhood-agreement"><i>Urmia, Erzurum sign sisterhood agreement</i>, retrieved 24 May 2015</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaunt2020" class="citation book cs1">Gaunt, David (2020). "The Long Assyrian Genocide". <i>Collective and State Violence in Turkey: The Construction of a National Identity from Empire to Nation-State</i>. Berghahn Books. pp. 56–96. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78920-451-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78920-451-3"><bdi>978-1-78920-451-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Long+Assyrian+Genocide&rft.btitle=Collective+and+State+Violence+in+Turkey%3A+The+Construction+of+a+National+Identity+from+Empire+to+Nation-State&rft.pages=56-96&rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-78920-451-3&rft.aulast=Gaunt&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHellot2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hellot, Florence (2003). "La fin d'un monde: les assyro-chaldéens et la première guerre mondiale" [The end of a world: the Assyro-Chaldeans and the First World War]. <i>Chrétiens du monde arabe: un archipel en terre d'Islam</i> [<i>Christians of the Arab world: an archipelago in the land of Islam</i>] (in French). Autrement. pp. 127–145. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-7467-0390-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-7467-0390-2"><bdi>978-2-7467-0390-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=La+fin+d%27un+monde%3A+les+assyro-chald%C3%A9ens+et+la+premi%C3%A8re+guerre+mondiale&rft.btitle=Chr%C3%A9tiens+du+monde+arabe%3A+un+archipel+en+terre+d%27Islam&rft.pages=127-145&rft.pub=Autrement&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-2-7467-0390-2&rft.aulast=Hellot&rft.aufirst=Florence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHellot-Bellier2018" class="citation book cs1">Hellot-Bellier, Florence (2018). "The Increasing Violence and the Resistance of Assyrians in Urmia and Hakkari (1900–1915)". <i>Sayfo 1915: An Anthology of Essays on the Genocide of Assyrians/Arameans during the First World War</i>. Gorgias Press. pp. 107–134. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4632-0730-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4632-0730-4"><bdi>978-1-4632-0730-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Increasing+Violence+and+the+Resistance+of+Assyrians+in+Urmia+and+Hakkari+%281900%E2%80%931915%29&rft.btitle=Sayfo+1915%3A+An+Anthology+of+Essays+on+the+Genocide+of+Assyrians%2FArameans+during+the+First+World+War&rft.pages=107-134&rft.pub=Gorgias+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-4632-0730-4&rft.aulast=Hellot-Bellier&rft.aufirst=Florence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHellot-Bellier2020" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hellot-Bellier, Florence (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.openedition.org/emam/2912">"Les relations ambiguës de la France et des Assyro-Chaldéens dans l'histoire. Les mirages de la "protection"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> [The ambiguous relations of France and the Assyro-Chaldeans in history. The mirages of "protection"]. <i>Les Cahiers d'EMAM</i> (in French) (32). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Femam.2912">10.4000/emam.2912</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1969-248X">1969-248X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Les+Cahiers+d%27EMAM&rft.atitle=Les+relations+ambigu%C3%ABs+de+la+France+et+des+Assyro-Chald%C3%A9ens+dans+l%27histoire.+Les+mirages+de+la+%22protection%22&rft.issue=32&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Femam.2912&rft.issn=1969-248X&rft.aulast=Hellot-Bellier&rft.aufirst=Florence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.openedition.org%2Femam%2F2912&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHooglund2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Hooglund" title="Eric Hooglund">Hooglund, Eric</a> (2008). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/irancountrystudy00curt_2/page/81">"The Society and Its Environment"</a></span> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. In Curtis, Glenn E.; <a href="/wiki/Eric_Hooglund" title="Eric Hooglund">Hooglund, Eric</a> (eds.). <i>Iran: A Country Study</i>. Area Handbook Series. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Library_of_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Library of Congress">United States Library of Congress</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federal_Research_Division" title="Federal Research Division">Federal Research Division</a> (5th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Printing_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Government Printing Office">United States Government Printing Office</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/irancountrystudy00curt_2/page/81">81–142</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8444-1187-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8444-1187-3"><bdi>978-0-8444-1187-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Society+and+Its+Environment&rft.btitle=Iran%3A+A+Country+Study&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.series=Area+Handbook+Series&rft.pages=81-142&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=United+States+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8444-1187-3&rft.aulast=Hooglund&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Firancountrystudy00curt_2%2Fpage%2F81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoohi-Kamali2003" class="citation book cs1">Koohi-Kamali, Farideh (2003). <i>The Political Development of the Kurds in Iran: Pastoral Nationalism</i>. <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="Palgrave Macmillan UK">Palgrave Macmillan UK</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-53572-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-53572-5"><bdi>978-0-230-53572-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Political+Development+of+the+Kurds+in+Iran%3A+Pastoral+Nationalism&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan+UK&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-230-53572-5&rft.aulast=Koohi-Kamali&rft.aufirst=Farideh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKévorkian2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Raymond_K%C3%A9vorkian" title="Raymond Kévorkian">Kévorkian, Raymond</a> (2011). <a href="/wiki/The_Armenian_Genocide:_A_Complete_History" title="The Armenian Genocide: A Complete History"><i>The Armenian Genocide: A Complete History</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85771-930-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85771-930-0"><bdi>978-0-85771-930-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Armenian+Genocide%3A+A+Complete+History&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-85771-930-0&rft.aulast=K%C3%A9vorkian&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaby2017" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Eden_Naby" title="Eden Naby">Naby, Eden</a> (2017). "Abduction, Rape and Genocide: Urmia's Assyrian Girls and Women". <i>The Assyrian Genocide: Cultural and Political Legacies</i>. Routledge. pp. 158–177. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-138-28405-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-138-28405-0"><bdi>978-1-138-28405-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Abduction%2C+Rape+and+Genocide%3A+Urmia%E2%80%99s+Assyrian+Girls+and+Women&rft.btitle=The+Assyrian+Genocide%3A+Cultural+and+Political+Legacies&rft.pages=158-177&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-138-28405-0&rft.aulast=Naby&rft.aufirst=Eden&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNasiriFloor2008" class="citation book cs1">Nasiri, Ali Naqi; Floor, Willem M. (2008). <i>Titles and Emoluments in Safavid Iran: A Third Manual of Safavid Administration</i>. Mage Publishers. p. 309. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1933823232" title="Special:BookSources/978-1933823232"><bdi>978-1933823232</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Titles+and+Emoluments+in+Safavid+Iran%3A+A+Third+Manual+of+Safavid+Administration&rft.pages=309&rft.pub=Mage+Publishers&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1933823232&rft.aulast=Nasiri&rft.aufirst=Ali+Naqi&rft.au=Floor%2C+Willem+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOberling1984" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Oberling, P. (1984). "AFŠĀR". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110429162916/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/afsar-one-of-the-twenty-four-original-guz-turkic-tribes-t"><i>Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. I, Fasc. 6</i></a>. pp. 582–586. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/afsar-one-of-the-twenty-four-original-guz-turkic-tribes-t">the original</a> on 29 April 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=AF%C5%A0%C4%80R&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica%2C+Vol.+I%2C+Fasc.+6&rft.pages=582-586&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Oberling&rft.aufirst=P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fafsar-one-of-the-twenty-four-original-guz-turkic-tribes-t&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothman2015" class="citation book cs1">Rothman, E. Nathalie (2015). <i>Brokering Empire: Trans-Imperial Subjects between Venice and Istanbul</i>. Cornell University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0801463129" title="Special:BookSources/978-0801463129"><bdi>978-0801463129</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brokering+Empire%3A+Trans-Imperial+Subjects+between+Venice+and+Istanbul&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0801463129&rft.aulast=Rothman&rft.aufirst=E.+Nathalie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrmia" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.urmia-ag.ir/">Urmia Branch of Ministry of Internal Affairs</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179665#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179665#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179665#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/139691230">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4049555-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n91047104">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007565104205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/adb4c40e-bc95-4a5e-b791-1b455fad93ab">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028709500">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="West_Azerbaijan_province,_Iran" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:West_Azerbaijan_Province" title="Template:West Azerbaijan Province"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:West_Azerbaijan_Province" title="Template talk:West Azerbaijan Province"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:West_Azerbaijan_Province" title="Special:EditPage/Template:West Azerbaijan Province"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="West_Azerbaijan_province,_Iran" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/West_Azerbaijan_province" title="West Azerbaijan province">West Azerbaijan province</a>, Iran</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities,_towns_and_villages_in_West_Azerbaijan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities, towns and villages in West Azerbaijan Province">List of cities, towns and villages in West Azerbaijan Province</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Capital</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Urmia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Azerbaijan_in_Iran.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/West_Azerbaijan_in_Iran.svg/150px-West_Azerbaijan_in_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/West_Azerbaijan_in_Iran.svg/225px-West_Azerbaijan_in_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/West_Azerbaijan_in_Iran.svg/300px-West_Azerbaijan_in_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="457" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Iran" title="Counties of Iran">Counties</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Iran">cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bukan_County" title="Bukan County">Bukan County</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bukan" title="Bukan">Bukan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simmineh" title="Simmineh">Simmineh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaldoran_County" title="Chaldoran County">Chaldoran County</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siah_Cheshmeh" title="Siah Cheshmeh">Siah Cheshmeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avajiq" title="Avajiq">Avajiq</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaypareh_County" title="Chaypareh County">Chaypareh County</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qarah_Zia_od_Din" class="mw-redirect" title="Qarah Zia od Din">Qarah Zia od Din</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoy_County" title="Khoy County">Khoy County</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khoy" title="Khoy">Khoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firuraq" title="Firuraq">Firuraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivughli" title="Ivughli">Ivughli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahabad_County" title="Mahabad County">Mahabad County</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahabad" title="Mahabad">Mahabad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maku_County" title="Maku County">Maku County</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maku,_Iran" title="Maku, Iran">Maku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazargan,_Iran" title="Bazargan, Iran">Bazargan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miandoab_County" title="Miandoab County">Miandoab County</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miandoab" title="Miandoab">Miandoab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruq" title="Baruq">Baruq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chahar_Borj" title="Chahar Borj">Chahar Borj</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naqadeh_County" title="Naqadeh County">Naqadeh County</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naqadeh" title="Naqadeh">Naqadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammadyar" title="Mohammadyar">Mohammadyar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oshnavieh_County" title="Oshnavieh County">Oshnavieh County</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oshnavieh" title="Oshnavieh">Oshnavieh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalus" title="Nalus">Nalus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piranshahr_County" title="Piranshahr County">Piranshahr County</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piranshahr" title="Piranshahr">Piranshahr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerd_Kashaneh" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerd Kashaneh">Gerd Kashaneh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poldasht_County" title="Poldasht County">Poldasht County</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poldasht" title="Poldasht">Poldasht</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmas_County" title="Salmas County">Salmas County</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salmas" title="Salmas">Salmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tazeh_Shahr" title="Tazeh Shahr">Tazeh Shahr</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardasht_County" title="Sardasht County">Sardasht County</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sardasht,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Sardasht, West Azerbaijan">Sardasht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirabad,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Mirabad, West Azerbaijan">Mirabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabat,_Iran" title="Rabat, Iran">Rabat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahin_Dezh_County" title="Shahin Dezh County">Shahin Dezh County</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shahin_Dezh" title="Shahin Dezh">Shahin Dezh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshavarz,_Iran" title="Keshavarz, Iran">Keshavarz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmudabad,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Mahmudabad, West Azerbaijan">Mahmudabad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Showt_County" title="Showt County">Showt County</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Showt" title="Showt">Showt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marganlar" title="Marganlar">Marganlar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yowla_Galdi" title="Yowla Galdi">Yowla Galdi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takab_County" title="Takab County">Takab County</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Takab" title="Takab">Takab</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urmia_County" title="Urmia County">Urmia County</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Urmia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nushin" title="Nushin">Nushin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qushchi" title="Qushchi">Qushchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serow,_Iran" title="Serow, Iran">Serow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvaneh" title="Silvaneh">Silvaneh</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tourism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teppe_Hasanlu" title="Teppe Hasanlu">Teppe Hasanlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelashin_Stele" title="Kelashin Stele">Kelashin Stele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastam_Citadel" title="Bastam Citadel">Bastam Citadel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takht-e_Soleym%C4%81n" title="Takht-e Soleymān">Takht-e Soleymān</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Urmia" title="Lake Urmia">Lake Urmia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarrineh_River" title="Zarrineh River">Zarrineh River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalmash_Falls" title="Shalmash Falls">Shalmash Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Mary_Church,_Urmia" title="St. Mary Church, Urmia">St. Mary Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Thaddeus_Monastery" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Thaddeus Monastery">St. Thaddeus Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapel_of_Dzordzor" title="Chapel of Dzordzor">Chapel of Dzordzor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._George_Church,_Haftvan" title="St. George Church, Haftvan">St. George Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jameh_Mosque_of_Urmia" title="Jameh Mosque of Urmia">Jameh Mosque of Urmia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baqcheh_Jooq_Palace" title="Baqcheh Jooq Palace">Baghchejogh museum and palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segonbad" title="Segonbad">Segonbad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghotour_Bridge" title="Ghotour Bridge">Ghoutour Bridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities,_towns_and_villages_in_West_Azerbaijan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities, towns and villages in West Azerbaijan Province">List of cities, towns and villages in West Azerbaijan Province</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Iran&#124;link=Iran_Urmia_County" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Urmia_County" title="Template:Urmia County"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Urmia_County" title="Template talk:Urmia County"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Urmia_County" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Urmia County"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Iran&#124;link=Iran_Urmia_County" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Urmia_County" title="Urmia County">Urmia County</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Urmia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Iran" title="Administrative divisions of Iran">Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_District_(Urmia_County)" title="Central District (Urmia County)">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Urmia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rural_Districts_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Rural Districts of Iran">Rural districts</a><br /> and villages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em"><a href="/wiki/Bakeshluchay_Rural_District" title="Bakeshluchay Rural District">Bakeshluchay</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aghcheh_Qaleh" title="Aghcheh Qaleh">Aghcheh Qaleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almanabad" title="Almanabad">Almanabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aydinlu,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Aydinlu, West Azerbaijan">Aydinlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balderlu" title="Balderlu">Balderlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barajuq" title="Barajuq">Barajuq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birlan" title="Birlan">Birlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burashan" title="Burashan">Burashan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chehreh_Gosha" title="Chehreh Gosha">Chehreh Gosha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darghalu" title="Darghalu">Darghalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehkadeh-ye_Asayesh" title="Dehkadeh-ye Asayesh">Dehkadeh-ye Asayesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dizaj-e_Naqaleh" title="Dizaj-e Naqaleh">Dizaj-e Naqaleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elyasabad,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Elyasabad, West Azerbaijan">Elyasabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emamzadeh,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Emamzadeh, West Azerbaijan">Emamzadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eslamlu,_Urmia" title="Eslamlu, Urmia">Eslamlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabaran" title="Gabaran">Gabaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gol_Pashin" title="Gol Pashin">Gol Pashin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golmankhaneh" title="Golmankhaneh">Golmankhaneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajji_Pirlu" title="Hajji Pirlu">Hajji Pirlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasbestan" title="Hasbestan">Hasbestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesar-e_Hajjilar" title="Hesar-e Hajjilar">Hesar-e Hajjilar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesar-e_Tarmani" title="Hesar-e Tarmani">Hesar-e Tarmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igdir,_Iran" title="Igdir, Iran">Igdir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarchelu,_Urmia" title="Jarchelu, Urmia">Jarchelu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashtiban" title="Kashtiban">Kashtiban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kordlar,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Kordlar, West Azerbaijan">Kordlar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lashenlu" title="Lashenlu">Lashenlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marajul" title="Marajul">Marajul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashkabad-e_Olya" title="Mashkabad-e Olya">Mashkabad-e Olya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashkabad-e_Sofla" title="Mashkabad-e Sofla">Mashkabad-e Sofla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miavaq" title="Miavaq">Miavaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posht-e_Gol,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Posht-e Gol, West Azerbaijan">Posht-e Gol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalilu" title="Qalilu">Qalilu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qamat" title="Qamat">Qamat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qarah_Aghaj-e_Olya,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Qarah Aghaj-e Olya, West Azerbaijan">Qarah Aghaj-e Olya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qarah_Hasanlu-ye_Khvajeh_Pasha" title="Qarah Hasanlu-ye Khvajeh Pasha">Qarah Hasanlu-ye Khvajeh Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qarajalu,_Urmia" title="Qarajalu, Urmia">Qarajalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qeshlaq-e_Mirza_Ali" title="Qeshlaq-e Mirza Ali">Qeshlaq-e Mirza Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qeshlaq-e_Mohammad_Qoli,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Qeshlaq-e Mohammad Qoli, West Azerbaijan">Qeshlaq-e Mohammad Qoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qoturlar" title="Qoturlar">Qoturlar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reyhanabad,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Reyhanabad, West Azerbaijan">Reyhanabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rikan,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Rikan, West Azerbaijan">Rikan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadaqeh" title="Sadaqeh">Sadaqeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salehabad,_Urmia" title="Salehabad, Urmia">Salehabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangar-e_Mir_Abdollah" title="Sangar-e Mir Abdollah">Sangar-e Mir Abdollah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarmani" title="Tarmani">Tarmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vazirabad,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Vazirabad, West Azerbaijan">Vazirabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yengejeh-ye_Qazi" title="Yengejeh-ye Qazi">Yengejeh-ye Qazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuvalar" title="Yuvalar">Yuvalar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em"><a href="/wiki/Baranduz_Rural_District" title="Baranduz Rural District">Baranduz</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aliabad-e_Baran_Duz" title="Aliabad-e Baran Duz">Aliabad-e Baran Duz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angaman" title="Angaman">Angaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Band,_Iran" title="Band, Iran">Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baran_Duz" title="Baran Duz">Baran Duz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bozveh" title="Bozveh">Bozveh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chavrash" title="Chavrash">Chavrash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didan-e_Olya" title="Didan-e Olya">Didan-e Olya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didan-e_Sofla" title="Didan-e Sofla">Didan-e Sofla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dizaj-e_Fathi" title="Dizaj-e Fathi">Dizaj-e Fathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dizaj-e_Rahim_Pur" title="Dizaj-e Rahim Pur">Dizaj-e Rahim Pur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazanehkesh" title="Gazanehkesh">Gazanehkesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasu_Kandi" title="Hasu Kandi">Hasu Kandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havanduk" title="Havanduk">Havanduk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heydarlu,_Urmia" title="Heydarlu, Urmia">Heydarlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jafarian" title="Jafarian">Jafarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janvislu" title="Janvislu">Janvislu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jowrni" title="Jowrni">Jowrni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelisay-e_Sir" title="Kelisay-e Sir">Kelisay-e Sir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khataylu" title="Khataylu">Khataylu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorramabad,_Urmia" title="Khorramabad, Urmia">Khorramabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narlar" title="Narlar">Narlar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saatluy_Kuh" title="Saatluy Kuh">Saatluy Kuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sari_Beygluy-e_Musai" title="Sari Beygluy-e Musai">Sari Beygluy-e Musai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamlakan" title="Shamlakan">Shamlakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheykh_Mazari" title="Sheykh Mazari">Sheykh Mazari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidak" title="Sidak">Sidak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Sir, West Azerbaijan">Sir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varmazyar,_Urmia" title="Varmazyar, Urmia">Varmazyar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em"><a href="/wiki/Baranduzchay-ye_Jonubi_Rural_District" title="Baranduzchay-ye Jonubi Rural District">Baranduzchay-ye Jonubi</a><br />(South Baranduzchay)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aghbolagh,_Urmia" title="Aghbolagh, Urmia">Aghbolagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balanej" title="Balanej">Balanej</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbaran" title="Barbaran">Barbaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruzh" title="Baruzh">Baruzh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayat,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Bayat, West Azerbaijan">Bayat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bozorgabad" title="Bozorgabad">Bozorgabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darin_Qaleh" title="Darin Qaleh">Darin Qaleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulama" title="Dulama">Dulama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuladlu" title="Fuladlu">Fuladlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldanlu" title="Goldanlu">Goldanlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesar-e_Agh_Bolagh" title="Hesar-e Agh Bolagh">Hesar-e Agh Bolagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilazgi" title="Ilazgi">Ilazgi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isalu" title="Isalu">Isalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karvansara,_Urmia" title="Karvansara, Urmia">Karvansara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kukiya" title="Kukiya">Kukiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurani,_Iran" title="Kurani, Iran">Kurani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmudabad,_Urmia" title="Mahmudabad, Urmia">Mahmudabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobarakabad,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Mobarakabad, West Azerbaijan">Mobarakabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nivlu" title="Nivlu">Nivlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaleh_Juq,_Urmia" title="Qaleh Juq, Urmia">Qaleh Juq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qasemlu" title="Qasemlu">Qasemlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahimabad,_Urmia" title="Rahimabad, Urmia">Rahimabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seylaneh" title="Seylaneh">Seylaneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaban_Kandi" title="Shaban Kandi">Shaban Kandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiru_Kandi" title="Shiru Kandi">Shiru Kandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tappeh_Maki" title="Tappeh Maki">Tappeh Maki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarzelu" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarzelu">Tarzelu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tazeh_Kand-e_Jamalkhan" title="Tazeh Kand-e Jamalkhan">Tazeh Kand-e Jamalkhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulkan,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Tulkan, West Azerbaijan">Tulkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumatar" title="Tumatar">Tumatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupuzabad,_Urmia" title="Tupuzabad, Urmia">Tupuzabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzan_Malek" title="Uzan Malek">Uzan Malek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zovik,_Iran" title="Zovik, Iran">Zovik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em"><a href="/wiki/Baranduzchay-ye_Shomali_Rural_District" title="Baranduzchay-ye Shomali Rural District">Baranduzchay-ye Shomali</a><br />(North Baranduzchay)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borhanlu" title="Borhanlu">Borhanlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dizaj-e_Takyeh" title="Dizaj-e Takyeh">Dizaj-e Takyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faqih_Beyglu" title="Faqih Beyglu">Faqih Beyglu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gug_Tappeh,_Urmia" title="Gug Tappeh, Urmia">Gug Tappeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qarah_Aghaj,_Urmia" title="Qarah Aghaj, Urmia">Qarah Aghaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaralar-e_Kuh" title="Qaralar-e Kuh">Qaralar-e Kuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qotlu" title="Qotlu">Qotlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qurshalu" title="Qurshalu">Qurshalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saralan" title="Saralan">Saralan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sari_Beygluy-e_Moin" title="Sari Beygluy-e Moin">Sari Beygluy-e Moin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satlu,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Satlu, West Azerbaijan">Satlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shams-e_Hajjian" title="Shams-e Hajjian">Shams-e Hajjian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandai" title="Vandai">Vandai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em"><a href="/wiki/Bash_Qaleh_Rural_District" title="Bash Qaleh Rural District">Bash Qaleh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayeblu" title="Ayeblu">Ayeblu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berenjabad,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Berenjabad, West Azerbaijan">Berenjabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burbur,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Burbur, West Azerbaijan">Burbur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chichagluy-e_Mansur" title="Chichagluy-e Mansur">Chichagluy-e Mansur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chichakluy-e_Bash_Qaleh" title="Chichakluy-e Bash Qaleh">Chichakluy-e Bash Qaleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadeh_Saqi" title="Dadeh Saqi">Dadeh Saqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danqaralu" title="Danqaralu">Danqaralu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eslampanahabadi_Jadid" title="Eslampanahabadi Jadid">Eslampanahabadi Jadid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaznaq" title="Gaznaq">Gaznaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyj_Ali_Tappeh" title="Guyj Ali Tappeh">Guyj Ali Tappeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyjeh_Ali_Aslan" title="Guyjeh Ali Aslan">Guyjeh Ali Aslan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaluy-e_Heydarlu" title="Isaluy-e Heydarlu">Isaluy-e Heydarlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaluy-e_Zemi" title="Isaluy-e Zemi">Isaluy-e Zemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kechah_Bash" title="Kechah Bash">Kechah Bash</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazraeh-ye_Owj_Ovlar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mazraeh-ye Owj Ovlar (page does not exist)">Mazraeh-ye Owj Ovlar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qahremanluy-e_Olya" title="Qahremanluy-e Olya">Qahremanluy-e Olya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qahremanluy-e_Sofla" title="Qahremanluy-e Sofla">Qahremanluy-e Sofla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaleh-ye_Azizbeyg" title="Qaleh-ye Azizbeyg">Qaleh-ye Azizbeyg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qarabqolu" title="Qarabqolu">Qarabqolu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qazan_Ali" title="Qazan Ali">Qazan Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qezel_Hajjilu" title="Qezel Hajjilu">Qezel Hajjilu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qosur" title="Qosur">Qosur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safarbehi" title="Safarbehi">Safarbehi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safarqoli_Khan_Kandi" title="Safarqoli Khan Kandi">Safarqoli Khan Kandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sari_Beygluy-e_Araliq" title="Sari Beygluy-e Araliq">Sari Beygluy-e Araliq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarijalu,_Urmia" title="Sarijalu, Urmia">Sarijalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahrak-e_Golmarz" title="Shahrak-e Golmarz">Shahrak-e Golmarz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheykh_Teymur,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Sheykh Teymur, West Azerbaijan">Sheykh Teymur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shur_Kand" title="Shur Kand">Shur Kand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takalu" title="Takalu">Takalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupraq_Qaleh" title="Tupraq Qaleh">Tupraq Qaleh</a></li> <li>Urmia Industrial Estate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaghmur_Ali" title="Yaghmur Ali">Yaghmur Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yurqunabad-e_Olya" title="Yurqunabad-e Olya">Yurqunabad-e Olya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yurqunabad-e_Sofla" title="Yurqunabad-e Sofla">Yurqunabad-e Sofla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusefabad-e_Shah_Mirza_Kandi" title="Yusefabad-e Shah Mirza Kandi">Yusefabad-e Shah Mirza Kandi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em"><a href="/wiki/Dul_Rural_District" title="Dul Rural District">Dul</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balestan,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Balestan, West Azerbaijan">Balestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardeh_Kish" title="Bardeh Kish">Bardeh Kish</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cement_Cooperative,_Urmia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cement Cooperative, Urmia (page does not exist)">Cement Cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalow" title="Dalow">Dalow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darband,_Urmia" title="Darband, Urmia">Darband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dash_Aghol" title="Dash Aghol">Dash Aghol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dizaj-e_Dowl" title="Dizaj-e Dowl">Dizaj-e Dowl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eslamabad,_Urmia" title="Eslamabad, Urmia">Eslamabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jolbar" title="Jolbar">Jolbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamaneh,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Kamaneh, West Azerbaijan">Kamaneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanan-e_Olya" title="Kanan-e Olya">Kanan-e Olya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanan-e_Sofla" title="Kanan-e Sofla">Kanan-e Sofla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanas,_Iran" title="Nanas, Iran">Nanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nari,_Urmia" title="Nari, Urmia">Nari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasirabad,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Nasirabad, West Azerbaijan">Nasirabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naznaz" title="Naznaz">Naznaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirali,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Pirali, West Azerbaijan">Pirali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qameshlu,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Qameshlu, West Azerbaijan">Qameshlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashkan,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Rashkan, West Azerbaijan">Rashkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samartu" title="Samartu">Samartu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahrak-e_Rustayi-ye_Naser" title="Shahrak-e Rustayi-ye Naser">Shahrak-e Rustayi-ye Naser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soltanabad,_Urmia" title="Soltanabad, Urmia">Soltanabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zharabad,_Urmia" title="Zharabad, Urmia">Zharabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziveh,_Urmia" title="Ziveh, Urmia">Ziveh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em"><a href="/wiki/Nazluy-ye_Jonubi_Rural_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazluy-ye Jonubi Rural District">Nazluy-ye Jonubi</a> <br />(South Nazluy)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbasabad,_Urmia" title="Abbasabad, Urmia">Abbasabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabluy-e_Bisheh" title="Arabluy-e Bisheh">Arabluy-e Bisheh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabluy-e_Darreh" title="Arabluy-e Darreh">Arabluy-e Darreh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabluy-e_Yekan" title="Arabluy-e Yekan">Arabluy-e Yekan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asgarabad_Tappeh" title="Asgarabad Tappeh">Asgarabad Tappeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbin" title="Barbin">Barbin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bozlu,_Iran" title="Bozlu, Iran">Bozlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chichakluy-e_Hajji_Aqa" title="Chichakluy-e Hajji Aqa">Chichakluy-e Hajji Aqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chonqeraluy-e_Yekan" title="Chonqeraluy-e Yekan">Chonqeraluy-e Yekan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dastjerd,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Dastjerd, West Azerbaijan">Dastjerd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daylaq" title="Daylaq">Daylaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faqibeyglu" title="Faqibeyglu">Faqibeyglu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardabad" title="Gardabad">Gardabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghaffar_Behi" title="Ghaffar Behi">Ghaffar Behi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irvanlu" title="Irvanlu">Irvanlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakalar" title="Kakalar">Kakalar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marangaluy-e_Kuchek" title="Marangaluy-e Kuchek">Marangaluy-e Kuchek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owzarlu" title="Owzarlu">Owzarlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaraguz-e_Hajji_Baba" title="Qaraguz-e Hajji Baba">Qaraguz-e Hajji Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaraguz-e_Salimaqa" title="Qaraguz-e Salimaqa">Qaraguz-e Salimaqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaralar-e_Lotfollah" title="Qaralar-e Lotfollah">Qaralar-e Lotfollah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qareh_Guz-e_Il" title="Qareh Guz-e Il">Qareh Guz-e Il</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qerekhlu,_Urmia" title="Qerekhlu, Urmia">Qerekhlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saidlu" title="Saidlu">Saidlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salim_Kandi" title="Salim Kandi">Salim Kandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Salu" title="Sam Salu">Sam Salu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheykh_Sar_Mast" title="Sheykh Sar Mast">Sheykh Sar Mast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tazeh_Kand-e_Afshar" title="Tazeh Kand-e Afshar">Tazeh Kand-e Afshar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tazeh_Kand-e_Qeshlaq,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Tazeh Kand-e Qeshlaq, West Azerbaijan">Tazeh Kand-e Qeshlaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urmia_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Urmia Airport">Urmia Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaiyeh_Kandi" title="Zaiyeh Kandi">Zaiyeh Kandi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em"><a href="/wiki/Rowzeh_Chay_Rural_District" title="Rowzeh Chay Rural District">Rowzeh Chay</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aliabad,_Urmia" title="Aliabad, Urmia">Aliabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvach" title="Alvach">Alvach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anhar-e_Olya" title="Anhar-e Olya">Anhar-e Olya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anhar-e_Sofla" title="Anhar-e Sofla">Anhar-e Sofla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashnaabad,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Ashnaabad, West Azerbaijan">Ashnaabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badaki,_Urmia" title="Badaki, Urmia">Badaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balaji,_Iran" title="Balaji, Iran">Balaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balu,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Balu, West Azerbaijan">Balu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darazam" title="Darazam">Darazam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gajin,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Gajin, West Azerbaijan">Gajin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganjabad,_Urmia" title="Ganjabad, Urmia">Ganjabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golhar" title="Golhar">Golhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gowzgavand" title="Gowzgavand">Gowzgavand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehatlu" title="Jehatlu">Jehatlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kani_Quzan" title="Kani Quzan">Kani Quzan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavalaq,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Kavalaq, West Azerbaijan">Kavalaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalifatan" title="Khalifatan">Khalifatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanqah-e_Alvaj" title="Khanqah-e Alvaj">Khanqah-e Alvaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutalan" title="Kutalan">Kutalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lerni" title="Lerni">Lerni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lur,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Lur, West Azerbaijan">Lur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazraeh-ye_Nasrabad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mazraeh-ye Nasrabad (page does not exist)">Mazraeh-ye Nasrabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirabad,_Urmia" title="Mirabad, Urmia">Mirabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pir_Morad,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Pir Morad, West Azerbaijan">Pir Morad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qarah_Hasanlu,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Qarah Hasanlu, West Azerbaijan">Qarah Hasanlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qasrik,_Urmia" title="Qasrik, Urmia">Qasrik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qeshlaq-e_Tarazlu" title="Qeshlaq-e Tarazlu">Qeshlaq-e Tarazlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qezel_Asheq" title="Qezel Asheq">Qezel Asheq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tazeh_Kand-e_Anhar" title="Tazeh Kand-e Anhar">Tazeh Kand-e Anhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tezkharab,_Urmia" title="Tezkharab, Urmia">Tezkharab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valindeh-ye_Olya" title="Valindeh-ye Olya">Valindeh-ye Olya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valindeh-ye_Sofla" title="Valindeh-ye Sofla">Valindeh-ye Sofla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yowrqanlu" title="Yowrqanlu">Yowrqanlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeynalu,_Urmia" title="Zeynalu, Urmia">Zeynalu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em"><a href="/wiki/Torkaman_Rural_District" title="Torkaman Rural District">Torkaman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alqian" title="Alqian">Alqian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arablu,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Arablu, West Azerbaijan">Arablu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babarud,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Babarud, West Azerbaijan">Babarud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chub_Tarash,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Chub Tarash, West Azerbaijan">Chub Tarash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darbarud" title="Darbarud">Darbarud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gharib_Kandi" title="Gharib Kandi">Gharib Kandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasanabad,_Urmia" title="Hasanabad, Urmia">Hasanabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesar-e_Gapuchi" title="Hesar-e Gapuchi">Hesar-e Gapuchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesar-e_Torkaman" title="Hesar-e Torkaman">Hesar-e Torkaman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IRIB_Broadcasting_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IRIB Broadcasting Station (page does not exist)">IRIB Broadcasting Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabalkandi,_Urmia" title="Jabalkandi, Urmia">Jabalkandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeyran-e_Olya,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Jeyran-e Olya, West Azerbaijan">Jeyran-e Olya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeyran-e_Sofla,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Jeyran-e Sofla, West Azerbaijan">Jeyran-e Sofla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanjar_Qeshlaqi" title="Khanjar Qeshlaqi">Khanjar Qeshlaqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khezrabad,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Khezrabad, West Azerbaijan">Khezrabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kusehabad" title="Kusehabad">Kusehabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirshekarlu" title="Mirshekarlu">Mirshekarlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moqaddam" title="Moqaddam">Moqaddam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morad_Ali-ye_Olya" title="Morad Ali-ye Olya">Morad Ali-ye Olya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morad_Ali-ye_Sofla" title="Morad Ali-ye Sofla">Morad Ali-ye Sofla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moradkandi" title="Moradkandi">Moradkandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naybin" title="Naybin">Naybin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazarabad_Qaleh" title="Nazarabad Qaleh">Nazarabad Qaleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazarabad-e_Eftekhar" title="Nazarabad-e Eftekhar">Nazarabad-e Eftekhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordushahi" title="Ordushahi">Ordushahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owch_Ovlar" title="Owch Ovlar">Owch Ovlar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaralar-e_Aqataqi" title="Qaralar-e Aqataqi">Qaralar-e Aqataqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaralar-e_Hajjqasem" title="Qaralar-e Hajjqasem">Qaralar-e Hajjqasem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qurt_Tappeh,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Qurt Tappeh, West Azerbaijan">Qurt Tappeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarajuq" title="Sarajuq">Sarajuq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardrud,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Sardrud, West Azerbaijan">Sardrud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahinabad,_Urmia" title="Shahinabad, Urmia">Shahinabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabbat,_Urmia" title="Tabbat, Urmia">Tabbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takah,_West_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Takah, West Azerbaijan">Takah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tappeh,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Tappeh, West Azerbaijan">Tappeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tappeh_Torkaman" title="Tappeh Torkaman">Tappeh Torkaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasmalu" title="Tasmalu">Tasmalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tazeh_Kand,_Urmia" title="Tazeh Kand, Urmia">Tazeh Kand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tizkharab,_Urmia" title="Tizkharab, Urmia">Tizkharab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torkaman,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Torkaman, West Azerbaijan">Torkaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzan_Eskandari" title="Uzan Eskandari">Uzan Eskandari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anzal_District" title="Anzal District">Anzal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qushchi" title="Qushchi">Qushchi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rural_Districts_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Rural Districts of Iran">Rural districts</a><br /> and villages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em"><a href="/wiki/Anzal-e_Jonubi_Rural_District" title="Anzal-e Jonubi Rural District">Anzal-e Jonubi</a><br />(South Anzal)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Kan" title="Ali Kan">Ali Kan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahleh" title="Bahleh">Bahleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolarghu" title="Bolarghu">Bolarghu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deladar" title="Deladar">Deladar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emam_Kandi,_Anzal" title="Emam Kandi, Anzal">Emam Kandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavlan,_Urmia" title="Gavlan, Urmia">Gavlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gol_Tappeh,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Gol Tappeh, West Azerbaijan">Gol Tappeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golanik-e_Olya" title="Golanik-e Olya">Golanik-e Olya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golanik-e_Sofla" title="Golanik-e Sofla">Golanik-e Sofla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajji_Bayram,_Iran" title="Hajji Bayram, Iran">Hajji Bayram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammamlar" title="Hammamlar">Hammamlar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Kandi,_Anzal" title="Jabal Kandi, Anzal">Jabal Kandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahriz,_Urmia" title="Kahriz, Urmia">Kahriz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kani_Shurik,_Anzal" title="Kani Shurik, Anzal">Kani Shurik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaseb" title="Kaseb">Kaseb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorramabad,_Anzal" title="Khorramabad, Anzal">Khorramabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kureh-ye_Olya" title="Kureh-ye Olya">Kureh-ye Olya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kureh-ye_Sofla" title="Kureh-ye Sofla">Kureh-ye Sofla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmudan" title="Mahmudan">Mahmudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maku_Kandi" title="Maku Kandi">Maku Kandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meshik" title="Meshik">Meshik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_ol_Dinabad,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Nur ol Dinabad, West Azerbaijan">Nur ol Dinabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirgol" title="Pirgol">Pirgol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qahraman,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Qahraman, West Azerbaijan">Qahraman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qulonji" title="Qulonji">Qulonji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quyujoq" title="Quyujoq">Quyujoq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senjilik" title="Senjilik">Senjilik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahid_Ab_Shanasan_Garrison" title="Shahid Ab Shanasan Garrison">Shahid Ab Shanasan Garrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharifabad,_Urmia" title="Sharifabad, Urmia">Sharifabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirakan,_Anzal" title="Shirakan, Anzal">Shirakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soltanabad,_Anzal" title="Soltanabad, Anzal">Soltanabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandarak" title="Tandarak">Tandarak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zangabad,_Urmia" title="Zangabad, Urmia">Zangabad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em"><a href="/wiki/Anzal-e_Shomali_Rural_District" title="Anzal-e Shomali Rural District">Anzal-e Shomali</a><br />(North Anzal)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bari,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Bari, West Azerbaijan">Bari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurchin_Qaleh" title="Gurchin Qaleh">Gurchin Qaleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamalabad,_Urmia" title="Jamalabad, Urmia">Jamalabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moqitalu" title="Moqitalu">Moqitalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najafabad,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Najafabad, West Azerbaijan">Najafabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalqachi" title="Qalqachi">Qalqachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qarah_Bagh,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Qarah Bagh, West Azerbaijan">Qarah Bagh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nazlu_District" title="Nazlu District">Nazlu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nushin" title="Nushin">Nushin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rural_Districts_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Rural Districts of Iran">Rural districts</a><br /> and villages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em"><a href="/wiki/Nazluchay_Rural_District" title="Nazluchay Rural District">Nazluchay</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armudaghaj" title="Armudaghaj">Armudaghaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azadegan,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Azadegan, West Azerbaijan">Azadegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badelbu" title="Badelbu">Badelbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahlulabad,_Urmia" title="Bahlulabad, Urmia">Bahlulabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Agriculture,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Department of Agriculture, West Azerbaijan">Department of Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajjiabad,_Urmia" title="Hajjiabad, Urmia">Hajjiabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesar_Kharabeh" title="Hesar Kharabeh">Hesar Kharabeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janizeh" title="Janizeh">Janizeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavsi" title="Kavsi">Kavsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharabeh-ye_Senji" title="Kharabeh-ye Senji">Kharabeh-ye Senji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuseh_Ahmad" title="Kuseh Ahmad">Kuseh Ahmad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazlu" title="Nazlu">Nazlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaleh_Sardar,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Qaleh Sardar, West Azerbaijan">Qaleh Sardar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaleh-ye_Esmail_Aqa" title="Qaleh-ye Esmail Aqa">Qaleh-ye Esmail Aqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaralar-e_Tasuji" title="Qaralar-e Tasuji">Qaralar-e Tasuji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senji,_Urmia" title="Senji, Urmia">Senji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamtaman" title="Tamtaman">Tamtaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapik" title="Tapik">Tapik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tazeh_Kand,_Nazlu" title="Tazeh Kand, Nazlu">Tazeh Kand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tazeh_Kand-e_Janizeh" title="Tazeh Kand-e Janizeh">Tazeh Kand-e Janizeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tazeh_Kand-e_Qaterchi" title="Tazeh Kand-e Qaterchi">Tazeh Kand-e Qaterchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yowrqanlu-ye_Janizeh" title="Yowrqanlu-ye Janizeh">Yowrqanlu-ye Janizeh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em"><a href="/wiki/Nazlu-e_Shomali_Rural_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazlu-e Shomali Rural District">Nazlu-e Shomali</a><br />(North Nazlu)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abajaluy-e_Olya" title="Abajaluy-e Olya">Abajaluy-e Olya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Kandi,_Urmia" title="Ali Kandi, Urmia">Ali Kandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alibeyglu,_Urmia" title="Alibeyglu, Urmia">Alibeyglu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angeneh" title="Angeneh">Angeneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnesa" title="Arnesa">Arnesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asgarabad-e_Kuh" title="Asgarabad-e Kuh">Asgarabad-e Kuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babaganjeh" title="Babaganjeh">Babaganjeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baghestan,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Baghestan, West Azerbaijan">Baghestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashlan_Beshlu" title="Bashlan Beshlu">Bashlan Beshlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chanaqlu" title="Chanaqlu">Chanaqlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cher,_Iran" title="Cher, Iran">Cher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chonqeraluy-e_Pol" title="Chonqeraluy-e Pol">Chonqeraluy-e Pol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dowyran" title="Dowyran">Dowyran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyjeh_Yaran" title="Guyjeh Yaran">Guyjeh Yaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesar-e_Babaganjeh" title="Hesar-e Babaganjeh">Hesar-e Babaganjeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesar-e_Bahram_Khan" title="Hesar-e Bahram Khan">Hesar-e Bahram Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heydarlu,_Nazlu" title="Heydarlu, Nazlu">Heydarlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heydarluy-e_Beyglar" title="Heydarluy-e Beyglar">Heydarluy-e Beyglar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalvan,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Kalvan, West Azerbaijan">Kalvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karimabad,_Nazlu" title="Karimabad, Nazlu">Karimabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaledabad,_Urmia" title="Khaledabad, Urmia">Khaledabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaneqah_Sorkh" title="Khaneqah Sorkh">Khaneqah Sorkh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lak,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Lak, West Azerbaijan">Lak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalahluy-e_Torab" title="Lalahluy-e Torab">Lalahluy-e Torab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lulham,_Iran" title="Lulham, Iran">Lulham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marangaluy-e_Bozorg" title="Marangaluy-e Bozorg">Marangaluy-e Bozorg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meskin,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Meskin, West Azerbaijan">Meskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakhjavan_Tappeh" title="Nakhjavan Tappeh">Nakhjavan Tappeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owkhchilar" title="Owkhchilar">Owkhchilar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Par,_Iran" title="Par, Iran">Par</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qarah_Qiz" title="Qarah Qiz">Qarah Qiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qarah_Quyunlu,_Urmia" title="Qarah Quyunlu, Urmia">Qarah Quyunlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qareh_Jalu" title="Qareh Jalu">Qareh Jalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qelinjlu" title="Qelinjlu">Qelinjlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qeshlaq-e_Shakur" title="Qeshlaq-e Shakur">Qeshlaq-e Shakur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahimabad,_Nazlu" title="Rahimabad, Nazlu">Rahimabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saatluy-e_Beyglar" title="Saatluy-e Beyglar">Saatluy-e Beyglar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sari_Beygluy-e_Cheragh" title="Sari Beygluy-e Cheragh">Sari Beygluy-e Cheragh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirabad,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Shirabad, West Azerbaijan">Shirabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tappeh-ye_Babaganjeh" title="Tappeh-ye Babaganjeh">Tappeh-ye Babaganjeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqlidabad,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Taqlidabad, West Azerbaijan">Taqlidabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tazeh_Kand-e_Baba_Ganjeh" title="Tazeh Kand-e Baba Ganjeh">Tazeh Kand-e Baba Ganjeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaqasluy-e_Olya" title="Vaqasluy-e Olya">Vaqasluy-e Olya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaqasluy-e_Sofla" title="Vaqasluy-e Sofla">Vaqasluy-e Sofla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zadehlu" title="Zadehlu">Zadehlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zonbalan,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Zonbalan, West Azerbaijan">Zonbalan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em"><a href="/wiki/Tala_Tappeh_Rural_District" title="Tala Tappeh Rural District">Tala Tappeh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abajaluy-e_Sofla" title="Abajaluy-e Sofla">Abajaluy-e Sofla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adeh,_Urmia" title="Adeh, Urmia">Adeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamaki" title="Chamaki">Chamaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesar-e_Sopurghan" title="Hesar-e Sopurghan">Hesar-e Sopurghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaneshan" title="Khaneshan">Khaneshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khodaverdi_Khan_Kandi" title="Khodaverdi Khan Kandi">Khodaverdi Khan Kandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owsaluy-e_Allahverdi_Khan" title="Owsaluy-e Allahverdi Khan">Owsaluy-e Allahverdi Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owsaluy-e_Kazem" title="Owsaluy-e Kazem">Owsaluy-e Kazem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopurghan" title="Sopurghan">Sopurghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tala_Tappeh" title="Tala Tappeh">Tala Tappeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yengejeh,_Nazlu" title="Yengejeh, Nazlu">Yengejeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zirmanlu" title="Zirmanlu">Zirmanlu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Silvaneh_District" title="Silvaneh District">Silvaneh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silvaneh" title="Silvaneh">Silvaneh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rural_Districts_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Rural Districts of Iran">Rural districts</a><br /> and villages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em"><a href="/wiki/Dasht_Rural_District_(West_Azerbaijan_Province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dasht Rural District (West Azerbaijan Province)">Dasht</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bardehsur,_Urmia" title="Bardehsur, Urmia">Bardehsur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaman,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Chaman, West Azerbaijan">Chaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darband,_Silvaneh" title="Darband, Silvaneh">Darband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dareh_Senji" title="Dareh Senji">Dareh Senji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dazgir" title="Dazgir">Dazgir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dowla_Pasan" title="Dowla Pasan">Dowla Pasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gowjar,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Gowjar, West Azerbaijan">Gowjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halafaleh" title="Halafaleh">Halafaleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay,_Iran" title="Kay, Iran">Kay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khvoshaku" title="Khvoshaku">Khvoshaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirabad,_Dasht" title="Mirabad, Dasht">Mirabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nushan-e_Olya" title="Nushan-e Olya">Nushan-e Olya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nushan-e_Sofla" title="Nushan-e Sofla">Nushan-e Sofla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owali" title="Owali">Owali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peshkeleh" title="Peshkeleh">Peshkeleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirhadi" title="Pirhadi">Pirhadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qarayi" title="Qarayi">Qarayi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qasrik,_Silvaneh" title="Qasrik, Silvaneh">Qasrik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razhan" title="Razhan">Razhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salim_Beyg" title="Salim Beyg">Salim Beyg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulik" title="Sulik">Sulik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tui,_Iran" title="Tui, Iran">Tui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuli,_Iran" title="Tuli, Iran">Tuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanglan" title="Zanglan">Zanglan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em"><a href="/wiki/Margavar_Rural_District" title="Margavar Rural District">Margavar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleyh" title="Aleyh">Aleyh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aversi" title="Aversi">Aversi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavan,_Silvaneh" title="Bavan, Silvaneh">Bavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berasb" title="Berasb">Berasb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berazan,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Berazan, West Azerbaijan">Berazan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Best,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Best, West Azerbaijan">Best</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bi_Bakran" title="Bi Bakran">Bi Bakran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherikabad" title="Cherikabad">Cherikabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dizaj,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Dizaj, West Azerbaijan">Dizaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dowkana" title="Dowkana">Dowkana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felekan" title="Felekan">Felekan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galleh_Behi" title="Galleh Behi">Galleh Behi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerdevan" title="Gerdevan">Gerdevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerdik" title="Gerdik">Gerdik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerdik_Naser" title="Gerdik Naser">Gerdik Naser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golestaneh,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Golestaneh, West Azerbaijan">Golestaneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haftabad" title="Haftabad">Haftabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halaj" title="Halaj">Halaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasanabad,_Silvaneh" title="Hasanabad, Silvaneh">Hasanabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashemabad,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Hashemabad, West Azerbaijan">Hashemabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kachaleh,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Kachaleh, West Azerbaijan">Kachaleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kani_Dastar" title="Kani Dastar">Kani Dastar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kani_Tayer" title="Kani Tayer">Kani Tayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasian,_Urmia" title="Kasian, Urmia">Kasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayer_(village)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kayer (village)">Kayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelasi" title="Kelasi">Kelasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khurasb" title="Khurasb">Khurasb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lajani" title="Lajani">Lajani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowrzini" title="Lowrzini">Lowrzini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamakan,_Silvaneh" title="Mamakan, Silvaneh">Mamakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansurabad,_Urmia" title="Mansurabad, Urmia">Mansurabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirabad,_Margavar" title="Mirabad, Margavar">Mirabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molla_Basak" title="Molla Basak">Molla Basak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nari,_Silvaneh" title="Nari, Silvaneh">Nari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nergi" title="Nergi">Nergi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuy" title="Nuy">Nuy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaraneh" title="Qaraneh">Qaraneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razgeh,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Razgeh, West Azerbaijan">Razgeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sehgergan" title="Sehgergan">Sehgergan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahrak-e_Ziveh" title="Shahrak-e Ziveh">Shahrak-e Ziveh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaklabad" title="Shaklabad">Shaklabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheykh_Zard" title="Sheykh Zard">Sheykh Zard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirakan,_Silvaneh" title="Shirakan, Silvaneh">Shirakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudinabad" title="Sudinabad">Sudinabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suleh_Dugal" title="Suleh Dugal">Suleh Dugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surkan" title="Surkan">Surkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susanabad,_Urmia" title="Susanabad, Urmia">Susanabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupuzabad,_Silvaneh" title="Tupuzabad, Silvaneh">Tupuzabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zharabad,_Silvaneh" title="Zharabad, Silvaneh">Zharabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zharazhi" title="Zharazhi">Zharazhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziveh,_Silvaneh" title="Ziveh, Silvaneh">Ziveh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em"><a href="/wiki/Targavar_Rural_District" title="Targavar Rural District">Targavar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anbi" title="Anbi">Anbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arzin" title="Arzin">Arzin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashki,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Ashki, West Azerbaijan">Ashki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avdi" title="Avdi">Avdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balowlan" title="Balowlan">Balowlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bani,_Iran" title="Bani, Iran">Bani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basrik" title="Basrik">Basrik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biquz" title="Biquz">Biquz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Do_Bareh" title="Do Bareh">Do Bareh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dustalan" title="Dustalan">Dustalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerdah_Belij" title="Gerdah Belij">Gerdah Belij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haki,_Iran" title="Haki, Iran">Haki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halulan" title="Halulan">Halulan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karimabad,_Silvaneh" title="Karimabad, Silvaneh">Karimabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaneqah,_Urmia" title="Khaneqah, Urmia">Khaneqah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuraneh,_Silvaneh" title="Kuraneh, Silvaneh">Kuraneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurteh_Kavil" title="Kurteh Kavil">Kurteh Kavil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavana" title="Mavana">Mavana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesan" title="Pesan">Pesan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahr-e_Viran,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Shahr-e Viran, West Azerbaijan">Shahr-e Viran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheyban,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Sheyban, West Azerbaijan">Sheyban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheykh_Shamzin" title="Sheykh Shamzin">Sheykh Shamzin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surbani" title="Surbani">Surbani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talin,_Iran" title="Talin, Iran">Talin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibatan" title="Tibatan">Tibatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Towlaki" title="Towlaki">Towlaki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sumay-ye_Beradust_District" title="Sumay-ye Beradust District">Sumay-ye Beradust</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serow,_Iran" title="Serow, Iran">Serow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rural_Districts_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Rural Districts of Iran">Rural districts</a><br /> and villages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em"><a href="/wiki/Beradust_Rural_District" title="Beradust Rural District">Beradust</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhyan-e_Bozorg" title="Akhyan-e Bozorg">Akhyan-e Bozorg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhyan-e_Kuchek" title="Akhyan-e Kuchek">Akhyan-e Kuchek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asengaran" title="Asengaran">Asengaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avdelan-e_Olya" title="Avdelan-e Olya">Avdelan-e Olya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avdelan-e_Sofla" title="Avdelan-e Sofla">Avdelan-e Sofla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardehzi-ye_Olya" title="Bardehzi-ye Olya">Bardehzi-ye Olya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chareh,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Chareh, West Azerbaijan">Chareh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emam_Kandi,_Sumay-ye_Beradust" title="Emam Kandi, Sumay-ye Beradust">Emam Kandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eskandarabad,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Eskandarabad, West Azerbaijan">Eskandarabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firuzian" title="Firuzian">Firuzian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangachin" title="Gangachin">Gangachin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gol-e_Sheykhan" title="Gol-e Sheykhan">Gol-e Sheykhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonbad,_Urmia" title="Gonbad, Urmia">Gonbad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gundak-e_Molla" title="Gundak-e Molla">Gundak-e Molla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guranabad" title="Guranabad">Guranabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haftsaran" title="Haftsaran">Haftsaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halah_Qush" title="Halah Qush">Halah Qush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangravan" title="Hangravan">Hangravan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishgeh_Su,_Urmia" title="Ishgeh Su, Urmia">Ishgeh Su</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanespi,_Beradust" title="Kanespi, Beradust">Kanespi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kani_Shurik,_Sumay-ye_Beradust" title="Kani Shurik, Sumay-ye Beradust">Kani Shurik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanisi" title="Kanisi">Kanisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalyan,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Khalyan, West Azerbaijan">Khalyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanik,_Beradust" title="Khanik, Beradust">Khanik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khvoshalan" title="Khvoshalan">Khvoshalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulgani" title="Kulgani">Kulgani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuraneh,_Sumay-ye_Beradust" title="Kuraneh, Sumay-ye Beradust">Kuraneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafaran" title="Mafaran">Mafaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majruseh" title="Majruseh">Majruseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maluneh" title="Maluneh">Maluneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margarash" title="Margarash">Margarash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastakan,_Beradust" title="Mastakan, Beradust">Mastakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neychalan" title="Neychalan">Neychalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omarabad,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Omarabad, West Azerbaijan">Omarabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post,_Iran" title="Post, Iran">Post</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qareh_Aghaj,_Sumay-ye_Beradust" title="Qareh Aghaj, Sumay-ye Beradust">Qareh Aghaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qarnesa" title="Qarnesa">Qarnesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qasrik,_Beradust" title="Qasrik, Beradust">Qasrik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabat,_Urmia" title="Rabat, Urmia">Rabat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravand-e_Olya,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Ravand-e Olya, West Azerbaijan">Ravand-e Olya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravand-e_Sofla" title="Ravand-e Sofla">Ravand-e Sofla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shegaftik-e_Olya" title="Shegaftik-e Olya">Shegaftik-e Olya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shegaftik-e_Sofla" title="Shegaftik-e Sofla">Shegaftik-e Sofla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siarak" title="Siarak">Siarak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_Kani" title="Sufi Kani">Sufi Kani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tazeh_Kand-e_Sheshmal" title="Tazeh Kand-e Sheshmal">Tazeh Kand-e Sheshmal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zangakan" title="Zangakan">Zangakan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em"><a href="/wiki/Sumay-ye_Jonubi_Rural_District" title="Sumay-ye Jonubi Rural District">Sumay-ye Jonubi</a><br />(South Sumay)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdi_Beyg" title="Abdi Beyg">Abdi Beyg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aghsaqal" title="Aghsaqal">Aghsaqal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardeh_Rash,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Bardeh Rash, West Azerbaijan">Bardeh Rash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barduk" title="Barduk">Barduk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavan,_Sumay-ye_Beradust" title="Bavan, Sumay-ye Beradust">Bavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gachi,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Gachi, West Azerbaijan">Gachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gowdal,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Gowdal, West Azerbaijan">Gowdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasanlu,_Urmia" title="Hasanlu, Urmia">Hasanlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashtian" title="Hashtian">Hashtian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hovarsin" title="Hovarsin">Hovarsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalqaran" title="Jalqaran">Jalqaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juhni" title="Juhni">Juhni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jujahi" title="Jujahi">Jujahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanespi,_Sumay-ye_Jonubi" title="Kanespi, Sumay-ye Jonubi">Kanespi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kani_Miran,_Urmia" title="Kani Miran, Urmia">Kani Miran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharah_Gush" title="Kharah Gush">Kharah Gush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuran,_Urmia" title="Kuran, Urmia">Kuran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marnah" title="Marnah">Marnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piranjuq" title="Piranjuq">Piranjuq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qasrik,_Sumay-ye_Jonubi" title="Qasrik, Sumay-ye Jonubi">Qasrik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinabad,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Sinabad, West Azerbaijan">Sinabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soltani,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Soltani, West Azerbaijan">Soltani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufian,_Urmia" title="Sufian, Urmia">Sufian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em"><a href="/wiki/Sumay-ye_Shomali_Rural_District" title="Sumay-ye Shomali Rural District">Sumay-ye Shomali</a><br />(North Sumay)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bachehjik" title="Bachehjik">Bachehjik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baraspi" title="Baraspi">Baraspi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardian,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Bardian, West Azerbaijan">Bardian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastakabad" title="Bastakabad">Bastakabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazhergah" title="Bazhergah">Bazhergah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galeh_Khar,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Galeh Khar, West Azerbaijan">Galeh Khar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghazan,_Iran" title="Ghazan, Iran">Ghazan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goli_Suyi" title="Goli Suyi">Goli Suyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasanabad,_Sumay-ye_Beradust" title="Hasanabad, Sumay-ye Beradust">Hasanabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatar" title="Jatar">Jatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kani_Rash,_Urmia" title="Kani Rash, Urmia">Kani Rash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanik,_Sumay-ye_Shomali" title="Khanik, Sumay-ye Shomali">Khanik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamakan,_Sumay-ye_Beradust" title="Mamakan, Sumay-ye Beradust">Mamakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastakan,_Sumay-ye_Shomali" title="Mastakan, Sumay-ye Shomali">Mastakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mingol" title="Mingol">Mingol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirabad,_Sumay-ye_Beradust" title="Mirabad, Sumay-ye Beradust">Mirabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oskandrian" title="Oskandrian">Oskandrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quni,_Iran" title="Quni, Iran">Quni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qurmik" title="Qurmik">Qurmik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigabad,_Urmia" title="Rigabad, Urmia">Rigabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakan" title="Sakan">Sakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seydan,_West_Azerbaijan" title="Seydan, West Azerbaijan">Seydan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surmanabad" title="Surmanabad">Surmanabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yengejeh,_Sumay-ye_Beradust" title="Yengejeh, Sumay-ye Beradust">Yengejeh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Provincial_capitals_of_Iran" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Provincial_capitals_of_Iran" title="Template:Provincial capitals of Iran"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Provincial_capitals_of_Iran" title="Template talk:Provincial capitals of Iran"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Provincial_capitals_of_Iran" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Provincial capitals of Iran"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Provincial_capitals_of_Iran" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Iran" title="Provinces of Iran">Provincial</a> capitals of <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahvaz" title="Ahvaz">Ahvaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arak,_Iran" title="Arak, Iran">Arak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardabil" title="Ardabil">Ardabil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Abbas" title="Bandar Abbas">Bandar Abbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birjand" title="Birjand">Birjand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bojnord" title="Bojnord">Bojnord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushehr" title="Bushehr">Bushehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorgan" title="Gorgan">Gorgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamadan" title="Hamadan">Hamadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilam,_Iran" title="Ilam, Iran">Ilam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isfahan" title="Isfahan">Isfahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaj" title="Karaj">Karaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerman" title="Kerman">Kerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kermanshah" title="Kermanshah">Kermanshah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorramabad" title="Khorramabad">Khorramabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad">Mashhad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qazvin" title="Qazvin">Qazvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qom" title="Qom">Qom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasht" title="Rasht">Rasht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanandaj" title="Sanandaj">Sanandaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sari,_Iran" title="Sari, Iran">Sari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semnan,_Iran" title="Semnan, Iran">Semnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahr-e_Kord" title="Shahr-e Kord">Shahr-e Kord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiraz" title="Shiraz">Shiraz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Urmia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasuj" title="Yasuj">Yasuj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazd" title="Yazd">Yazd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zahedan" title="Zahedan">Zahedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanjan,_Iran" title="Zanjan, Iran">Zanjan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Iranian_architecture" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Iranian_architecture" title="Template:Iranian architecture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Iranian_architecture" title="Template talk:Iranian architecture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Iranian_architecture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Iranian architecture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Iranian_architecture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Iranian_architecture" title="Iranian architecture">Iranian architecture</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Periods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-Islamic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_architecture" title="Achaemenid architecture">Achaemenid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthian_style" title="Parthian style">Parthian style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasanian_architecture" title="Sasanian architecture">Sasanian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Islamic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_architecture" title="Islamic architecture">Early Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Seljuk_architecture" title="Great Seljuk architecture">Seljuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_architecture#Ilkhanid_architecture" title="Iranian architecture">Ilkhanid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timurid_architecture" title="Timurid architecture">Timurid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safavid_art" title="Safavid art">Safavid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Perspolis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Perspolis.jpg/90px-Perspolis.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Perspolis.jpg/135px-Perspolis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Perspolis.jpg/180px-Perspolis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2312" data-file-height="3065" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bazaar" title="Bazaar">Bazaars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caravanserai" title="Caravanserai">Caravanserais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanqah" class="mw-redirect" title="Khanqah">Khaneqah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">Mosques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takyeh" title="Takyeh">Takyeh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ab_anbar" title="Ab anbar">Ab anbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andaruni" title="Andaruni">Andaruni</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biruni_(Persian_architecture)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biruni (Persian architecture) (page does not exist)">Biruni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower" title="Tower">Burj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chahartaq_(architecture)" title="Chahartaq (architecture)">Chahartaq</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalan_e_Vorudi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dalan e Vorudi (page does not exist)">Dalan e Vorudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonbad" class="mw-redirect" title="Gonbad">Gonbad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashti" title="Hashti">Hashti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howz" title="Howz">Howz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamzadeh" title="Imamzadeh">Imamzadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwan" title="Iwan">Iwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qanat#Iran" title="Qanat">Kariz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kucheh" title="Kucheh">Kucheh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panjdari" title="Panjdari">Panjdari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_gardens" title="Persian gardens">Persian Garden (<i>hayāt</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qanat" title="Qanat">Qanat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahn" title="Sahn">Sahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabestan" title="Shabestan">Shabestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talar" title="Talar">Talar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windcatcher" title="Windcatcher">Windcatchers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakhch%C4%81l" title="Yakhchāl">Yakhchāl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditional cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amol" title="Amol">Amol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andijan" title="Andijan">Andijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bam,_Iran" title="Bam, Iran">Bam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukhara" title="Bukhara">Bukhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ctesiphon" title="Ctesiphon">Ctesiphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derbent" title="Derbent">Derbent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganja,_Azerbaijan" title="Ganja, Azerbaijan">Ganja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gur-e-Amir" title="Gur-e-Amir">Gur-e-Amir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatra" title="Hatra">Hatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herat" title="Herat">Herat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isfahan" title="Isfahan">Isfahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashan" title="Kashan">Kashan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmar" title="Kashmar">Kashmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khiva" title="Khiva">Khiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorramabad" title="Khorramabad">Khorramabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad">Mashhad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merv" title="Merv">Merv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_(city)" title="Nakhchivan (city)">Nakhchivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nishapur" title="Nishapur">Nishapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persepolis" title="Persepolis">Persepolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qazvin" title="Qazvin">Qazvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qom" title="Qom">Qom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samarkand" title="Samarkand">Samarkand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahrisabz" title="Shahrisabz">Shahrisabz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiraz" title="Shiraz">Shiraz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susa" title="Susa">Susa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takht-e_Soleym%C4%81n" title="Takht-e Soleymān">Takht-e Soleymān</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Tehran" title="Architecture of Tehran">Tehran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazd" title="Yazd">Yazd</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theory and analysis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_architecture" title="Islamic architecture">Islamic architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Persian_residential_architecture" title="Traditional Persian residential architecture">Traditional Persian residential architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_water_sources_of_Persian_antiquity" title="Traditional water sources of Persian antiquity">Traditional water sources of Persian antiquity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architects_of_Iran" title="Architects of Iran">Architects of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Castles_in_Iran" title="Category:Castles in Iran"><i>Arg</i>s, castles, and <i>ghal'eh</i>s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ab_anbars_of_Qazvin" title="List of ab anbars of Qazvin">List of ab anbars of Qazvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mosques_in_Iran" title="List of mosques in Iran">List of mosques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyarat#Iran" title="Ziyarat">List of ziyarat-gahs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Urmia&oldid=1259963351">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Urmia&oldid=1259963351</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Urmia" title="Category:Urmia">Urmia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_places_in_Urmia_County" title="Category:Populated places in Urmia County">Populated places in Urmia County</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Assyrian_settlements" title="Category:Assyrian settlements">Assyrian settlements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Iranian_provincial_capitals" title="Category:Iranian provincial capitals">Iranian provincial capitals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_in_West_Azerbaijan_province" title="Category:Cities in West Azerbaijan province">Cities in West Azerbaijan province</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_places_along_the_Silk_Road" title="Category:Populated places along the Silk Road">Populated places along the Silk Road</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_non-numeric_formatnum_arguments" title="Category:Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments">Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Phonos_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Phonos extension">Pages using the Phonos extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Persian-language_sources_(fa)" title="Category:CS1 Persian-language sources (fa)">CS1 Persian-language sources (fa)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1911_Encyclopaedia_Britannica_with_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_foreign_language_sources_(ISO_639-2)" title="Category:CS1 foreign language sources (ISO 639-2)">CS1 foreign language sources (ISO 639-2)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Kurdish-language_sources_(ku)" title="Category:CS1 Kurdish-language sources (ku)">CS1 Kurdish-language sources (ku)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_July_2018" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from July 2018">Articles with dead external links from July 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_indefinitely_semi-protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages">Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2023" title="Category:Use dmy dates from April 2023">Use dmy dates from April 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Persian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Persian-language text">Articles containing Persian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_February_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from February 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Infobox_mapframe_without_OSM_relation_ID_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata">Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Persian_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Persian IPA">Pages with Persian IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_including_recorded_pronunciations" title="Category:Pages including recorded pronunciations">Pages including recorded pronunciations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Syriac-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Syriac-language text">Articles containing Syriac-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Ottoman_Turkish_(1500-1928)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language text">Articles containing Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Armenian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Armenian-language text">Articles containing Armenian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Azerbaijani-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Azerbaijani-language text">Articles containing Azerbaijani-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Kurdish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Kurdish-language text">Articles containing Kurdish-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Sorani_Kurdish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Sorani Kurdish-language text">Articles containing Sorani Kurdish-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_September_2022" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from September 2022">Articles with unsourced statements from September 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_January_2023" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from January 2023">Articles needing additional references from January 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_April_2015" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2015">Articles with unsourced statements from April 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_December_2017" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from December 2017">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from December 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Kartographer_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Kartographer extension">Pages using the Kartographer extension</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 28 November 2024, at 01:36<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Urmia&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-bvnjw","wgBackendResponseTime":153,"wgKartographerLiveData":{"_c21ea2253cad5d59dcb246fde9e67c748bc675eb":[{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoshape?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q179665","properties":{"title":"Urmia","fill-opacity":0.5,"stroke":"#FF0000","stroke-width":3,"fill":"#606060"}},{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoline?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q179665","properties":{"stroke-width":5,"stroke":"#FF0000","title":"Urmia"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[45.0675,37.548611111111114],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"title":"Urmia","marker-color":"#5E74F3"}}]},"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.699","walltime":"3.168","ppvisitednodes":{"value":12989,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":469965,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":21787,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":19,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":23,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":293420,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2803.103 1 -total"," 51.60% 1446.513 1 Template:Infobox_settlement"," 50.26% 1408.779 1 Template:Infobox"," 31.80% 891.329 6 Template:Fix"," 30.91% 866.362 1 Template:Cn"," 24.55% 688.212 14 Template:Category_handler"," 12.60% 353.126 2 Template:Reflist"," 8.01% 224.518 2 Template:IPA"," 6.87% 192.452 6 Template:Delink"," 6.45% 180.783 7 Template:Fix/category"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.047","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":22821121,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAl-Jeloo2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBakerSmithOleynik2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarl_Skutsch2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChisholm1911\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCurtis2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDankoffKahramanDağlı\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGaunt2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGaunt2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGaunt2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGibb,_Kramers,_Lewis1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHabibic._2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHellot-Bellier2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHellot-Bellier2019\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFHellot-Bellier2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHellot2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHooglund2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHooperGarvinCox1929\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHovannisian2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKoohi-Kamali2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKévorkian2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNaby2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNaby2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNasiriFloor2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOberling1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOpenStreetMap_contributors2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRothman2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSadeghiRichards2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpeer1911\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSykes1921\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTejirianSimon2012\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 2,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite EB1911\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 24,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 5,\n [\"Cite map\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite report\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 27,\n [\"Clarify\"] = 1,\n [\"Clear\"] = 1,\n [\"Cn\"] = 1,\n [\"Commons category-inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 1,\n [\"Coord\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"Distinguish\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 3,\n [\"Flagicon\"] = 1,\n [\"For\"] = 1,\n [\"GEOnet3\"] = 1,\n [\"Historical populations\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA\"] = 2,\n [\"Infobox mapframe\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox settlement\"] = 1,\n [\"Iranian Architecture\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 7,\n [\"Langx\"] = 13,\n [\"Nbsp\"] = 13,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Photomontage\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal-inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-semi-indef\"] = 1,\n [\"Provincial capitals of Iran\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Reign\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 30,\n [\"Sfnp\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"URL\"] = 1,\n [\"Unreferenced section\"] = 1,\n [\"Urmia County\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Weather box\"] = 1,\n [\"West Azerbaijan Province\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","320","28.6"],["?","220","19.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","220","19.6"],["type","40","3.6"],["has_invisible_chars \u003CModule:Citation/CS1:750\u003E","40","3.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::newTitle","20","1.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntityStatements","20","1.8"],["\u003CModule:Citation/CS1:813\u003E","20","1.8"],["makePackageModule \u003Cmw.lua:18\u003E","20","1.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::interwikiMap","20","1.8"],["[others]","180","16.1"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-hmgbj","timestamp":"20241130110742","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Urmia","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Urmia","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q179665","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q179665","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-04-24T11:39:37Z","dateModified":"2024-11-28T01:36:33Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/4d\/Uromia_Iran%2Cpareeke_jangali_-_panoramio.jpg","headline":"city in West Azerbaijan Province, Iran"}</script> </body> </html>