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<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC","20200801084402","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1596271442"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <title>Postcolonial English: Varieties around the World - Edgar W. Schneider - Google Books</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="/web/20200801084402cs_/https://books.google.com/books/css/_78efc76cca9fad253b9501fffaa9aa07/kl_about_this_book_kennedy_full_bundle.css" type="text/css"/><script src="/web/20200801084402js_/https://books.google.com/books/javascript/atb_78efc76cca9fad253b9501fffaa9aa07__en.js"></script><link rel="canonical" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books/about/Postcolonial_English.html?id=QIE6zGSd8okC"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books/about/Postcolonial_English.html?id=QIE6zGSd8okC"/><meta name="title" content="Postcolonial English"/><meta name="description" content="The global spread of English has resulted in the emergence of a diverse range of postcolonial varieties around the world. Postcolonial English provides a clear and original account of the evolution of these varieties, exploring the historical, social and ecological factors that have shaped all levels of their structure. It argues that while these Englishes have developed new and unique properties which differ greatly from one location to another, their spread and diversification can in fact be explained by a single underlying process, which builds upon the constant relationships and communication needs of the colonizers, the colonized, and other parties. Outlining the stages and characteristics of this process, it applies them in detail to English in sixteen different countries across all continents as well as, in a separate chapter, to a history of American English. Of key interest to sociolinguists, dialectologists, historical linguists and syntacticians alike, this book provides a fascinating new picture of the growth and evolution of English around the globe."/><meta property="og:title" content="Postcolonial English"/><meta property="og:type" content="book"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Google Books"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402im_/https://books.google.com/books/content?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=1&edge=curl&imgtk=AFLRE73D5J2TBSIRxuHv1oqXSW0_MKvKUsVAa8xtLhXuu1PbvC8MhtxdvcsXUZMDPJeNUGDGvxCcYsd0aL9AdUyCrBeWd7drAB1DvwaBB4U0jW6g85MnIyoR2o39_L25iUeDEWaf9jhH"/><link rel="image_src" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402im_/https://books.google.com/books/content?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=1&edge=curl&imgtk=AFLRE73D5J2TBSIRxuHv1oqXSW0_MKvKUsVAa8xtLhXuu1PbvC8MhtxdvcsXUZMDPJeNUGDGvxCcYsd0aL9AdUyCrBeWd7drAB1DvwaBB4U0jW6g85MnIyoR2o39_L25iUeDEWaf9jhH"/><script>(function(){try{/* Copyright The Closure Library Authors. 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Schneider</span></a></div><div><span dir="ltr">Cambridge University Press</span>, <span dir="ltr">May 17, 2007</span> - <a class="secondary" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://www.google.com/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22Language+Arts+%26+Disciplines%22&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0"><span dir="ltr">Language Arts & Disciplines</span></a></div><div class="reviewaggregate hreview-aggregate"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&sitesec=reviews" aria-label="Average user rating - 18820 stars"><span class="gb-star-on goog-inline-block rating"><span class="value-title" title="4.0"></span></span><span class="gb-star-on goog-inline-block"></span><span class="gb-star-on goog-inline-block"></span><span class="gb-star-on goog-inline-block"></span><span class="gb-star-off goog-inline-block"></span></a> <span class="num-ratings"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&sitesec=reviews" class="sbs-count secondary"><span class="count">1</span> Review</a></span></div></div><div id="synopsis"><div id="synopsis-window"><div id="synopsistext" dir="ltr" class="sa">The global spread of English has resulted in the emergence of a diverse range of postcolonial varieties around the world. Postcolonial English provides a clear and original account of the evolution of these varieties, exploring the historical, social and ecological factors that have shaped all levels of their structure. It argues that while these Englishes have developed new and unique properties which differ greatly from one location to another, their spread and diversification can in fact be explained by a single underlying process, which builds upon the constant relationships and communication needs of the colonizers, the colonized, and other parties. Outlining the stages and characteristics of this process, it applies them in detail to English in sixteen different countries across all continents as well as, in a separate chapter, to a history of American English. Of key interest to sociolinguists, dialectologists, historical linguists and syntacticians alike, this book provides a fascinating new picture of the growth and evolution of English around the globe.</div></div></div><div class="search_box_wrapper"><form action="/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books" id="search_form" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" method="get"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value="QIE6zGSd8okC"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="swv-table"><tr><td class="swv-td-search"><span><input id="search_form_input" type="text" maxlength="1024" class="text_flat swv-input-search" aria-label="Search in this book" name="q" value="" title="Search inside" accesskey="i"></span></td><td class="swv-td-space"><div> </div></td><td><input type="submit" value="Search inside"></td></tr></table><script type="text/javascript">if (window['_OC_autoDir']) {_OC_autoDir('search_form_input');}</script></form><div id="preview-link"><a 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class="about_title"><a name="toc_anchor"></a>Contents</h3><div id="toc" class="about_content"><div id="toc_v"><div class="first_toc_column"><div class="first_toc_pad"><table><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><a class="primary" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&pg=PA1&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=2"><span title="1 Introduction " style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">1 Introduction </span></span></a></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">1</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><a class="primary" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&pg=PA8&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=2"><span title="Postcolonial Englishes " style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">Postcolonial Englishes </span></span></a></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">8</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><a class="primary" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&pg=PA13&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=2"><span title="Expanding circle " style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">Expanding circle </span></span></a></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">13</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><a class="primary" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&pg=PA15&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=2"><span title="B " style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">B </span></span></a></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">15</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><a class="primary" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&pg=PA17&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=2"><span title="23 Alternative perspectives and issues " style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">23 Alternative perspectives and issues </span></span></a></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">17</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><a class="primary" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&pg=PA26&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=2"><span title="important in the long run than the recognition that once " style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">important in the long run than the recognition that once </span></span></a></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">26</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><a class="primary" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&pg=PA29&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=2"><span title="ignore all the important differences from one historical context territory " style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">ignore all the important differences from one historical context territory </span></span></a></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">29</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><a class="primary" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&pg=PA34&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=2"><span title="respectively The STL population regard themselves as full members and " style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">respectively The STL population regard themselves as full members and </span></span></a></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">34</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="second_toc_column"><div class="second_toc_pad"><table><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">55 The Philippines </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">140</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">165 It is indicative that in </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">144</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">14 observed this a while ago and if Baldauf 2004 </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">171</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">The complexity of the sociolinguistic constellations in South Africa </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">173</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">As before in the case of India the Dynamic Model </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">175</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">This may in </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">185</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">510 Kenya </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">189</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">Thus during this period initial if highly restricted bilingualism </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">191</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr></table></div></div><br style="clear:both;"/></div><span onclick="_OC_setListSectionVisible('toc_h', 1)" class="morelesslink" id="toc_hc0" style="display:none"><br>More</span><div id="toc_hd1"><div class="first_toc_column"><div class="first_toc_pad"><table><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><a class="primary" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&pg=PA35&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=2"><span title="bilingualism develops predominantly among a minority of the local " style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">bilingualism develops predominantly among a minority of the local </span></span></a></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">35</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><a class="primary" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&pg=PA37&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=2"><span title="they entail an everincreasing range of contacts with members of " style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">they entail an everincreasing range of contacts with members of </span></span></a></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">37</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><a class="primary" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&pg=PA49&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=2"><span title="95 I call " style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">95 I call </span></span></a></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">49</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><a class="primary" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&pg=PA58&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=2"><span title="245 The " style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">245 The </span></span></a></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">58</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><a class="primary" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&pg=PA60&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=2"><span title="first used to be a foreign temporary destination has now " style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">first used to be a foreign temporary destination has now </span></span></a></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">60</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><a class="primary" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&pg=PA65&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=2"><span title="related to broader issues of language use in a given " style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">related to broader issues of language use in a given </span></span></a></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">65</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><a class="primary" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&pg=PA68&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=2"><span title="developments are a political issue and hence conflicting opinions will " style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">developments are a political issue and hence conflicting opinions will </span></span></a></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">68</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><a class="primary" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&pg=PA71&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=2"><span title="4 Linguistic aspects of nativization " style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">4 Linguistic aspects of nativization </span></span></a></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">71</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><a class="primary" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&pg=PA72&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=2"><span title="of almost 70 varieties worldwide Schneider et al 2004 for " style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">of almost 70 varieties worldwide Schneider et al 2004 for </span></span></a></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">72</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><a class="primary" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&pg=PA77&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=2"><span title="Pronunciation tendencies by language types " style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">Pronunciation tendencies by language types </span></span></a></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">77</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><a class="primary" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&pg=PA82&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=2"><span title="The last type of lexical expansion to be mentioned here " style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">The last type of lexical expansion to be mentioned here </span></span></a></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">82</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><a class="primary" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&pg=PA86&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=2"><span title="number of speakers like the ruts of a wagon " style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">number of speakers like the ruts of a wagon </span></span></a></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">86</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><a class="primary" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&pg=PA91&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=2"><span title="421 Degrees of difference " style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">421 Degrees of difference </span></span></a></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">91</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><a class="primary" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&pg=PA93&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=2"><span title="with exceptional frequency Such distributional relations are precisely " style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">with exceptional frequency Such distributional relations are precisely </span></span></a></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">93</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><a class="primary" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&pg=PA97&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=2"><span title="linguistic processes " style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">linguistic processes </span></span></a></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">97</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><a class="primary" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&pg=PA101&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=2"><span title="be clear that most of these factors are closely related " style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">be clear that most of these factors are closely related </span></span></a></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">101</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><a class="primary" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&pg=PA102&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=2"><span title="England and l vocalization in parts of West Africa which " style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">England and l vocalization in parts of West Africa which </span></span></a></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">102</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><a class="primary" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&pg=PA113&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=2"><span title="case studies " style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">case studies </span></span></a></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">113</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><a class="primary" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&pg=PA114&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=2"><span title="51 Fiji " style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">51 Fiji </span></span></a></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">114</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">614 Secondly despite the limited impact of </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">120</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">53 New Zealand </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">127</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">Dialect mixture and koineization shaped early New Zealand English as </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">128</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">respects New Zealand usage is found to be variable but </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">131</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">Taiwan </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">134</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="second_toc_column"><div class="second_toc_pad"><table><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">2534 Michieka 2005183 Descriptive work on properties of </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">197</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">5123 Phase 3 late 1940s </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">204</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">5141 Phase 1 1627ca 1650 </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">219</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">5143 Phase 4 1961 </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">225</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap">2 </span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">229</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">Greenland ICELAND </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">239</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">the British who came later could build upon or inherit </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">240</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">5164 Phase 4 ca 1920ca 1970 </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">245</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">the emergence </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">251</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">Lumbees do have a distinct ethnolinguistic identity which is expressed </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">254</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">happened practically all the time koineization occurred so in a </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">261</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">and of course Spanish place names in Florida including the </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">264</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">in North America there prevails not only the </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">270</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">632 Identity constructions </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">275</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">633 Sociolinguistic conditions </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">276</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">634 Linguistic effects </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">278</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">differences between varieties </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">282</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">Similar movements can be found elsewhere the Cajun Renaissance to </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">294</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">Signaling endangered local identities through language </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">297</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">a great expansion geographically and phonologically in the second half </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">300</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">research eg Wolfram 1984 Leap 1993 identified unmarked tense in </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">303</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">218 and enjoys strong covert prestige SJ Roberts </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">307</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir="ltr">7 Conclusion </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align="right">309</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr></table></div></div><br style="clear:both;"/><span onclick="_OC_setListSectionVisible('toc_h', 0)" class="morelesslink" id="toc_hc1" style="display:none"><br>Less</span></div><script 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Schneider</span></a></span><br/><span><span style="color:#99522e">Limited preview</span> - 2007</span><br/></span></div></td><td align="right"></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="one-third-column"><div class="crsiwrapper"><table class="rsi" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tr><td class="coverdstd" align="center"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=oA9JPgAACAAJ&source=gbs_book_other_versions_r&cad=3"><img alt="" class="coverthumb hover-card-attach-point" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402im_/https://books.google.com/books/content?id=oA9JPgAACAAJ&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=5" border="0" height="80"></a></td><td valign="top"><div class="resbdy"><a class="primary cresbdy" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=oA9JPgAACAAJ&source=gbs_book_other_versions_r&cad=3"><span dir="ltr">Postcolonial English: Varieties Around the World</span></a><br><span style="line-height: 1.3em; font-size:-1;"><span><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://www.google.com/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Edgar+Werner+Schneider%22" class="secondary"><span dir="ltr">Edgar Werner Schneider</span></a></span><br/><span><span style="color:#999">No preview available</span> - 2007</span><br/></span></div></td><td align="right"></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="one-third-column"><div class="crsiwrapper"><table class="rsi" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tr><td class="coverdstd" align="center"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=yhSAngEACAAJ&source=gbs_book_other_versions_r&cad=3"><img alt="" class="coverthumb hover-card-attach-point" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402im_/https://books.google.com/books/content?id=yhSAngEACAAJ&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=5" border="0" height="80"></a></td><td valign="top"><div class="resbdy"><a class="primary cresbdy" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=yhSAngEACAAJ&source=gbs_book_other_versions_r&cad=3"><span dir="ltr">Postcolonial English: Varieties around the World</span></a><br><span style="line-height: 1.3em; font-size:-1;"><span><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://www.google.com/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Edgar+W.+Schneider%22" class="secondary"><span dir="ltr">Edgar W. Schneider</span></a></span><br/><span><span style="color:#999">No preview available</span> - 2007</span><br/></span></div></td><td align="right"></td></tr></table></div></div><script>(function () {var fn = window['_OC_WSBookList'] || window['_OC_BookList'];fn && fn('book_other_versions', [{"title":"Postcolonial English","authors":"Edgar W. 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around the World"}]);})();</script></div></div></div><div class="vertical_module_list_row"><h3 class="about_title"><a name="word_cloud_anchor"></a>Common terms and phrases</h3><div id="word_cloud" class="about_content"><div id="word_cloud_v"><style type="text/css">.cloud9 {color: #7777cc;font-size: 10px;}.cloud8 {color: #6963CC;font-size: 10.5px;}.cloud7 {color: #6057CC;font-size: 11px;}.cloud6 {color: #574BCC;font-size: 11.5px;}.cloud5 {color: #4E3DCC;font-size: 12px;}.cloud4 {color: #4632CC;font-size: 14px;}.cloud3 {color: #3D26CC;font-size: 16px;}.cloud2 {color: #341ACC;font-size: 18px;}.cloud1 {color: #2B0DCC;font-size: 20px;}.cloud0 {color: #2200CC;font-size: 22px;}.cloud {margin-top: 4px;line-height: 24px;}.cloud a {margin-right: 6px;text-decoration: none;}.cloud a:hover {text-decoration: underline;}</style><div class="cloud"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=accepted&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir="ltr">accepted</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=adopted&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir="ltr">adopted</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=ADS+strand&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir="ltr">ADS strand</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=African&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud2"><span dir="ltr">African</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=Afrikaans&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud1"><span dir="ltr">Afrikaans</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=American+English&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud0"><span dir="ltr">American English</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=attitude&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir="ltr">attitude</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=Australia&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud5"><span dir="ltr">Australia</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=Australian+English&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud1"><span dir="ltr">Australian English</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=basilectal&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud1"><span dir="ltr">basilectal</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=bilingualism&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud6"><span dir="ltr">bilingualism</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=British+English&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud2"><span dir="ltr">British English</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=Canadian&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir="ltr">Canadian</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=Canadian+English&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud1"><span dir="ltr">Canadian English</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=Caribbean&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir="ltr">Caribbean</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=characteristic&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir="ltr">characteristic</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=colonial&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud2"><span dir="ltr">colonial</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=contexts&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir="ltr">contexts</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=country%E2%80%99s&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir="ltr">country’s</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=Creole&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud4"><span dir="ltr">Creole</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=creolization&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir="ltr">creolization</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=cultural&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud4"><span dir="ltr">cultural</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=dialect&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud3"><span dir="ltr">dialect</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=Dictionary&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir="ltr">Dictionary</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=distinctive&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud6"><span dir="ltr">distinctive</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=documented&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir="ltr">documented</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=Dynamic+Model&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud5"><span dir="ltr">Dynamic Model</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=early&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir="ltr">early</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=emergence&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud6"><span dir="ltr">emergence</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=endonormative&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud6"><span dir="ltr">endonormative</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=ethnic&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud4"><span dir="ltr">ethnic</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=European&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir="ltr">European</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=example&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir="ltr">example</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=exonormative+orientation&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir="ltr">exonormative orientation</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=formal&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir="ltr">formal</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=forms+of+English&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir="ltr">forms of English</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=function&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir="ltr">function</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=grammatical&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud5"><span dir="ltr">grammatical</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=groups&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud5"><span dir="ltr">groups</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=homogeneity&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir="ltr">homogeneity</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=Hong+Kong&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir="ltr">Hong Kong</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=identity+construction&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir="ltr">identity construction</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=IDG+strand&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud3"><span dir="ltr">IDG strand</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=immigrants&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir="ltr">immigrants</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=important&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir="ltr">important</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=independence&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir="ltr">independence</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=Indian+English&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud0"><span dir="ltr">Indian English</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=indigenous+languages&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir="ltr">indigenous languages</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=indigenous+population&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir="ltr">indigenous population</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=innovations&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir="ltr">innovations</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=Jamaican&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir="ltr">Jamaican</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=Jamaican+Creole&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud1"><span dir="ltr">Jamaican Creole</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=Kachru&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir="ltr">Kachru</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=koineization&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir="ltr">koineization</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=language+contact&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud1"><span dir="ltr">language contact</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=language+shift&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud0"><span dir="ltr">language shift</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=large+numbers&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir="ltr">large numbers</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=lexical&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud6"><span dir="ltr">lexical</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=linguistic&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud0"><span dir="ltr">linguistic</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=major&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir="ltr">major</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=Malaysian+English&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud0"><span dir="ltr">Malaysian English</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=markers&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir="ltr">markers</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=Mufwene&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud6"><span dir="ltr">Mufwene</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=Native+Americans&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud2"><span dir="ltr">Native Americans</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=Nigerian&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud4"><span dir="ltr">Nigerian</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=norm&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud6"><span dir="ltr">norm</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=observed&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir="ltr">observed</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=one%E2%80%99s&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir="ltr">one’s</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=patterns&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir="ltr">patterns</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=PCEs&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud0"><span dir="ltr">PCEs</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=percent&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir="ltr">percent</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=phase&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud3"><span dir="ltr">phase</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=Pidgin&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud2"><span dir="ltr">Pidgin</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=political&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud6"><span dir="ltr">political</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=pronunciation&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir="ltr">pronunciation</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=regional&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud5"><span dir="ltr">regional</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=respect&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir="ltr">respect</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=role&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir="ltr">role</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=settlement&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir="ltr">settlement</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=settlers&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud5"><span dir="ltr">settlers</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=Singapore&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir="ltr">Singapore</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=Singaporean+English&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud2"><span dir="ltr">Singaporean English</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=Singlish&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud1"><span dir="ltr">Singlish</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=situation&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir="ltr">situation</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=slaves&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir="ltr">slaves</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=social&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud4"><span dir="ltr">social</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=society&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir="ltr">society</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=sociolinguistic&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud0"><span dir="ltr">sociolinguistic</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=South&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir="ltr">South</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=speakers&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud4"><span dir="ltr">speakers</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=speech&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud6"><span dir="ltr">speech</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=spread&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir="ltr">spread</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=standard&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir="ltr">standard</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=status&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir="ltr">status</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=STL+strand&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud6"><span dir="ltr">STL strand</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=structural+nativization&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir="ltr">structural nativization</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=symbolic&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir="ltr">symbolic</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=tion&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir="ltr">tion</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=traditional&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir="ltr">traditional</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=Trudgill&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir="ltr">Trudgill</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=twentieth+century&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir="ltr">twentieth century</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=types&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir="ltr">types</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=typically&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir="ltr">typically</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=usage&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir="ltr">usage</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=varieties+of+English&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud6"><span dir="ltr">varieties of English</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=verbs&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir="ltr">verbs</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=vernacular&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir="ltr">vernacular</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=whites&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir="ltr">whites</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=words&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir="ltr">words</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=Zealand&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud6"><span dir="ltr">Zealand</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&q=Zealand+English&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud1"><span dir="ltr">Zealand English</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="vertical_module_list_row"><h3 class="about_title"><a name="quotes_anchor"></a>Popular passages</h3><div id="quotes" class="about_content"><div id="quotes_v"><div class="quot"><span class="nobr">Page 277</span> - <span dir="ltr">As an independent nation, our honor requires us to have a system of our own, in language as well as government. Great Britain, whose children we are and whose language we speak, should no longer be our standard, for the taste of her writers is already corrupted and her language on the decline.</span>‎<div class="qt_aprs"><a class="secondary" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&qtid=fd7e797a&source=gbs_quotes_r&cad=5">Appears in 160 books from 1846-2007</a></div></div><div class="quot"><span class="nobr">Page 269</span> - <span dir="ltr">Though the inhabitants of this Country are composed of different Nations and different languages, yet it is very remarkable that they in general speak better English than the English do.</span>‎<div class="qt_aprs"><a class="secondary" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&qtid=b7e7976&source=gbs_quotes_r&cad=5">Appears in 19 books from 1923-2007</a></div></div></div><span onclick="_OC_setListSectionVisible('quotes_h', 1)" class="morelesslink" id="quotes_hc0" style="display:none">More</span><div id="quotes_hd1"><div class="quot"><span class="nobr">Page 287</span> - <span dir="ltr">... education. Noah Webster's blueback speller and William Holmes McGuffey's series of readers became all-time best-sellers, and the possession of certificates and diplomas became a passport to success. In the absence of a well-defined elite (except in parts of the South and some of the older cultural centers), it is not surprising that a citizen population that often sought salvation from the literal (though translated) message of the Bible should seek its path to education in the literal message...</span>‎<div class="qt_aprs"><a class="secondary" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&qtid=d7e7915&source=gbs_quotes_r&cad=5">Appears in 4 books from 1958-2007</a></div></div><div class="quot"><span class="nobr">Page 185</span> - <span dir="ltr">To my compatriots, I have no hesitation in saying that each one of us is as intimately attached to the soil of this beautiful country as are the famous jacaranda trees of Pretoria and the mimosa trees of the bushveld. Each time one of us touches the soil of this land, we feel a sense of personal renewal.</span>‎<div class="qt_aprs"><a class="secondary" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&qtid=a57e79ec&source=gbs_quotes_r&cad=5">Appears in 19 books from 1977-2007</a></div></div><div class="quot"><span class="nobr">Page 297</span> - <span dir="ltr">When a man says [rat] or [huus], he is unconsciously establishing the fact that he belongs to the island : that he is one of the natives to whom the island really belongs.</span>‎<div class="qt_aprs"><a class="secondary" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&qtid=1d7e7925&source=gbs_quotes_r&cad=5">Appears in 19 books from 1945-2007</a></div></div><div class="quot"><span class="nobr">Page 290</span> - <span dir="ltr">English people; but there are fewer local peculiarities of form and articulation in our vast extent of territory than on the comparatively narrow soil of Great Britain. In spite of disturbing and distracting causes, English is more emphatically one in America than in its native land...</span>‎<div class="qt_aprs"><a class="secondary" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&qtid=907e7911&source=gbs_quotes_r&cad=5">Appears in 20 books from 1860-2007</a></div></div><div class="quot"><span class="nobr">Page 277</span> - <span dir="ltr">English, yet several circumstances render a future separation of the American tongue from the English, necessary and unavoidable. The vicinity of the European nations, with the uninterrupted communication in peace, and the changes of dominion in war, are gradually assimilating their respective languages.</span>‎<div class="qt_aprs"><a class="secondary" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&qtid=397e797a&source=gbs_quotes_r&cad=5">Appears in 33 books from 1923-2007</a></div></div><span onclick="_OC_setListSectionVisible('quotes_h', 0)" class="morelesslink" id="quotes_hc1" style="display:none">Less</span></div><script type="text/javascript">if (window['_OC_setListSectionVisible']) {_OC_setListSectionVisible('quotes_h', 0);}</script></div></div><div class="vertical_module_list_row"><h3 class="about_title"><a name="citations_module_anchor"></a>References to this book</h3><div id="citations_module" class="about_content"><div id="citations_module_v"><div class="left-column-outer"><div class="left-column-inner"><div class="crsiwrapper"><table class="rsi" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tr><td class="coverdstd" align="center"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=XFKYdKGSEiAC&source=gbs_citations_module_r&cad=6"><img alt="" class="coverthumb hover-card-attach-point" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402im_/https://books.google.com/books/content?id=XFKYdKGSEiAC&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=5&edge=curl" border="0" height="80"></a></td><td valign="top"><div class="resbdy"><a class="primary cresbdy" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=XFKYdKGSEiAC&printsec=frontcover&vq=%22Postcolonial+English%22&source=gbs_citations_module_r&cad=6"><span dir="ltr">Language Anxiety: Conflict and Change in the History of English</span></a><br><span style="line-height: 1.3em; font-size:-1;"><span><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://www.google.com/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Tim+William+Machan%22" class="secondary"><span dir="ltr">Tim William Machan</span></a></span><br/><span><span style="color:#99522e">Limited preview</span> - 2009</span><br/></span></div></td><td align="right"></td></tr></table></div><div class="crsiwrapper"><table class="rsi" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tr><td class="coverdstd" align="center"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=gwGPmnKSWUIC&source=gbs_citations_module_r&cad=6"><img alt="" class="coverthumb hover-card-attach-point" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402im_/https://books.google.com/books/content?id=gwGPmnKSWUIC&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=5&edge=curl" border="0" height="80"></a></td><td valign="top"><div class="resbdy"><a class="primary cresbdy" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=gwGPmnKSWUIC&printsec=frontcover&vq=%22Postcolonial+English%22&source=gbs_citations_module_r&cad=6"><span dir="ltr">Philippine English</span></a><br><span style="line-height: 1.3em; font-size:-1;"><span><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://www.google.com/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Margarete+Misch%22" class="secondary"><span dir="ltr">Margarete Misch</span></a></span><br/><span><span style="color:#99522e">Limited preview</span> - 2008</span><br/></span></div></td><td align="right"></td></tr></table></div></div></div><div style="clear:both"></div> </div></div></div><div class="vertical_module_list_row"><h3 class="about_title"><a name="about_author_anchor"></a>About the author <span style="color:#666; font-weight:normal">(2007)</span></h3><div id="about_author" class="about_content"><div id="about_author_v"><div class="textmodulecontent"><p>Edgar W. Schneider is Professor and Chair of English Linguistics in the Department of English and American Studies, University of Regensburg.</p> </div></div></div></div><div class="vertical_module_list_row"><h3 class="about_title">Bibliographic information</h3><div class="about_content" id="metadata_content" style="padding-bottom:.3em"><div class="metadata_sectionwrap"><div class="qrcode_content"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://chart.googleapis.com/chart?chs=400x400&cht=qr&chl=https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&source=qrcode"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402im_/https://chart.googleapis.com/chart?chs=150x150&cht=qr&chl=https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&source=qrcode" alt="QR code for Postcolonial English" title="Postcolonial English" width="150" height="150"></a></div><table id="metadata_content_table"><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label">Title</td><td class="metadata_value"><span dir="ltr">Postcolonial English: Varieties around the World</span><br><a class="primary" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://www.google.com/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=bibliogroup:%22Cambridge+Approaches+to+Language+Contact%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=8"><i><span dir="ltr">Cambridge Approaches to Language Contact</span></i></a></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir="ltr">Author</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><a class="primary" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://www.google.com/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Edgar+W.+Schneider%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=8"><span dir="ltr">Edgar W. Schneider</span></a></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir="ltr">Publisher</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><span dir="ltr">Cambridge University Press, 2007</span></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir="ltr">ISBN</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><span dir="ltr">1139463667, 9781139463669</span></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir="ltr">Subjects</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><div style="display:inline" itemscope itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb"><a class="primary" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://www.google.com/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22Language+Arts+%26+Disciplines%22" itemprop="url" dir="ltr"><span itemprop="title">Language Arts & Disciplines</span></a></div> › <div style="display:inline" itemscope itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb"><a class="primary" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://www.google.com/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22Language+Arts+%26+Disciplines+Linguistics%22" itemprop="url" dir="ltr"><span itemprop="title">Linguistics</span></a></div> › <div style="display:inline" itemscope itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb"><a class="primary" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://www.google.com/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22Language+Arts+%26+Disciplines+Linguistics+General%22" itemprop="url" dir="ltr"><span itemprop="title">General</span></a></div><br><br><a class="primary" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://www.google.com/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22Language+Arts+%26+Disciplines+/+Linguistics+/+General%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=8"><span dir="ltr">Language Arts & Disciplines / Linguistics / General</span></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://www.google.com/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22Language+Arts+%26+Disciplines+/+Linguistics+/+Historical+%26+Comparative%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=8"><span dir="ltr">Language Arts & Disciplines / Linguistics / Historical & Comparative</span></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://www.google.com/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22Language+Arts+%26+Disciplines+/+Linguistics+/+Phonetics+%26+Phonology%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=8"><span dir="ltr">Language Arts & Disciplines / Linguistics / Phonetics & Phonology</span></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://www.google.com/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22Language+Arts+%26+Disciplines+/+Linguistics+/+Sociolinguistics%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=8"><span dir="ltr">Language Arts & Disciplines / Linguistics / Sociolinguistics</span></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://www.google.com/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22Language+Arts+%26+Disciplines+/+Linguistics+/+Syntax%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=8"><span dir="ltr">Language Arts & Disciplines / Linguistics / Syntax</span></a></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir="ltr">Export Citation</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><a class="gb-button " href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books/download/Postcolonial_English.bibtex?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&output=bibtex"><span dir="ltr">BiBTeX</span></a> <a class="gb-button " href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books/download/Postcolonial_English.enw?id=QIE6zGSd8okC&output=enw"><span dir="ltr">EndNote</span></a> <a class="gb-button " 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