CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134e8645e033da7',cH: '4cYfuLT.OZ27t5IDArgFYq8jF05YLXbNttbonpocLNw-1739786189-1.2.1.1-fiq6RXk6.gqw0Rb6Vt9nvWyJw7jBtKkV.cguQbApu8RajWcZORFMbVuAV9QwjM4h',cUPMDTk: "\/10012408\/json?__cf_chl_tk=NoDGqF8EyvME0lBkOxXDBAltdNR3VHWngvnjPamqI.k-1739786189-1.0.1.1-X.gjLpTBgpPMsmmikq8guehLYNuscHw5F7Q9dKeg6sw",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739786189',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/10012408\/json?__cf_chl_f_tk=NoDGqF8EyvME0lBkOxXDBAltdNR3VHWngvnjPamqI.k-1739786189-1.0.1.1-X.gjLpTBgpPMsmmikq8guehLYNuscHw5F7Q9dKeg6sw",md: "ASkBF2lfH3J4pfrNtlHcI0eUprYS6f_GL3wv_BpgEws-1739786189-1.2.1.1-sXIaIcFu81lxAu.n5XhkwclF1jeyjUe3AMPRNVQkcWjuLevzGmWUkJpu6l2iYV9zS.iLOJd5ee6IegTgNGIQjsVoWtv7kkOnfdpsq171zop4jmugXMEog.ECXFzkO.KILeYCe5dA74gdvAxMIO7jkkA6mgCWXopED3FrLXNGAFBbDkzk41wPZ6CGIu9rvH89qPKWmynvLP9ivWTjY9WQM5Tm_.a1C3CLaaBMk2Mu.bnGPlvcYlnF32.8Uulv5RpbmtKKywemyvghGtgFu07WhhP3frz70S01vwdxEkBJZztgItTKsx0pfAwX8T2ya13vtt.mL_bOev97pOE.7AMrJ6cO5p8VyOZOcN1FPPbSTTnM5TM0fsu7LbuNc4U9sNlpEE1Oto5gPOpkCaj2no27OY9BGNT_7dNIuOPnTM7iO4VEnyFZcg84uiNlcMKIHw_T4dPzAQzXv8x_pp3NSHWVWsmhd5brA..QGtFXy9XhYLdlUnlg.vRwsNY.b3qKxEr2bxfFtCvrHI637eyYzCAQuxQGDg2YOo1DB03cGxLMzn.s73tZ0eP4izuXWytREDtddtLyiSz.Hc5ylV8VdYJhFxuN8JLs90hoWSvW.s9cCpxH__8QCOZXC0OS0HeFx2ascwV2w4Fb73XZOml79u2sMUB2UeykXKtnXw2Q3LuYZO1FTTE3xus2RTc4kWQABo5uaPOJmJUAwN2KGMZredVvzUAAbn6tdjfzluJfIB3iW7ikVl9gkHCjCydjflTUBUv.693wbnCxv9uLSM0RkwAIjUDCvfzp13AHRo.5WXlVmRzxuR.s9KpjZZI3Inrxh7BG08FeiwwIHF.Q8dfIdgNhbB08mvsQg4B0PB42Aufi18sAczteZ2MSZvWbmeJYYC9fF13FdQCL.pok.KPrMkkuD4rgHHYhpb2UQF7A4sH_abgxh5Z_cCUf4kd_t_ZfSIX7J8cmfCs5NyjPAbL4JQcVG63_5zekJAD98BE80z84jUttC9qSC3nB1DUdHi29j0OHG.2y9QRWmrHhoTqU3JdMD1fsJ0.B_rttrNvBbvB_foJuGVnet1g003mheTnwYoqySuM2yodhfe7HhC7W67JBOOf4SV4k7rI8hgr920K7ndDoxeryCKBa44vyC0oim0rB_nXFDitPAjpIx3jsNCXB_h6ngwcnx_sv9cxfOPMkikxO0QJ56ocMuv7F5czxFk_3b2fciTktmezOkMBmWtMnnY1gA.HLyEY36asNS6eBlGWBOL8iQ0s4xlcm1cNvh5w9ya6qfXWIluqmlEe.4qQQ37xOMYMbA.foqnVTGeTdDZzA6V6kfQ31e512HeTunxhj_HmbIu9GxVu7A.QBYqUd.rQXaN0rINPSYwxl6PbKtMyfo.B1ovRokFLdw.wW9vt3ACbyO4BQI7aui9n_3iDk9lZmXuAx2HkTu1fqsA_9O1oMeVhj84b5SUZOGYEQl8HeECXh6jVnHljlbesnaf_6OQNnJOlvdx_9GbJFpMsoqfKFRb.v1svzG4MejDzim2J9bkrOeJov3vCJ8Ldh_hjZqgU4m9KRzR8SLFIXxVE7wBTytL8IoRJzgfU7DUBOC1c1LVcZE_LHmyKXN62xsUA7eJyqNxkXZEwpXhowWyIjTwN_FfTlWGYlZ_ko1Al5b2LxkALl6LJ6w5YLCEHwUNaRlNpW9113SRcYIFr1lNEvgzlv_vKhTIVYdIYVzSLSjtQ4AR5lO6Het7iPqopCOrz3OQi4F3_56GlsMxLbAlxAEWvUc6wOvIGRKtMITQsvSwNsNWV8e4wVNEwTCzfJq7T2bS0HAxsLp.dhTt449TXE59AJQAh1HFniYloHCCQl6GpXUiuik7TjVeNlOVHJE8FqLEL_qlPqS3Owmqo4NWxbSl4",mdrd: "HPFfQjeMCmyOzJV7JL59Y4BwV7.HIA8M3yQA04p.3yI-1739786189-1.2.1.1-2TmODZkvz0K82R9OBXAv75m3oW17FCIPlFeiP_bx3YxjLVc4ywNBwDyfJdY86p_BP.nnF3MjIcyKnoKCCENVJts8AmpwoHvl5gT.0bsKbH2AyeG8LAPejdT92tEz8KDIVPshZsTscSiX87B.bq4t9eNchocL4lrLbfUPf6c7TH1Q14ojhD9vS0cG1VLmnU1TrQMws4sQz0rQYthwF.jhhdgjlftImUzeDF0HiYBDia0ugFlXqjO98o.8f5HMZsN2ddP.99CmRNjAY8gj6Opa.Vl7puCWyO7JleAufBrBm9Mbfn2Z3pw5msZi44T37Bu3nRzQnl1drEBum8MRDNKNKFCbBAIm5So4AygdTx_jZrw_mfeaNteCu1REcIdySWyj5uds.iZjkqeC6VCO7k3DPrSuBj5jOqH5lG9uQ9QWV64469oW8L24Ja7MuP69jhaRGFuJ1jM5Zj1H5oRwtaP55ftbKxNnRxhDJZVAhewWFKTr53wzanEG28448p2Y9Dc9dsxfKZ0Pav.LeI9Ev7dZw6isX5rUHqxt3.3ODErO1Qkqr5WOGKjHneomejFWma_fqF9GSIBu1kj9YM9iy6ffslD7v6JXj.aUwS06FObolTgK6r8R9RkF74apogR9lLClN1oEthA.NryMzm9UEu4fo963t8W8h2JN.idvH5N..PXmwOjzw6UhSasWTutg5IhnAY.E.lelH81GSTJMDFDSqEzf4uSPpWk9I6RRKYTOgz4beZOu2R5vpKXs3q4N6Je8SI91FBVE3lhu3s9s0U8HI1HPKneHMYFig5ubp_MvXZQlJQ1fO6JdYtEdk2545R.fTLb4JAhOzV3YSbf5yAmRWtCbRT923MrIHy.OVS2AU.cOJzhBjLyvIQoRx8euDeU10eQ3eXeS1HNP356EtXAI8TwFODq1kVaLNmttaG2_4L5YvdvDKFNU6EYZGvP9A3aTGQip9z0gl79w0Dm3s.aWQAGkTp_6TXrhGfufm5qZNERAs0imWCMdQNUPjzbKmjjGFlvRjAPexTqmw.Bi_tgKns46b3OiP.F0IhF_MpUS2N83eOKU4AQwE6LUnY84q44Edrm_Aasf7qWZ3OEP_NFRUjKCSuKZdZCSTpgZ01dMYidWiSG5sXfjF.rWfWAxRh3MjrL8g37W50E8eII9LWz_zX_szw_jl2fUVutiA4uLU9cuuPLD4W5cm0MSTczxFdPBbfAC0FUdHioR_CFzy9GlEd5HJ_WU0I0MVJ7C3VoYbkGGtLLpPeTfC25.6xxMY3NeNFbUw93n.SxaZNtTOpSHuqDsoiLsiATuh_v3eeZsYPA.xAyoMp19598ywEuflZgn1C4VP0HsX_OCwUJG2qJ3NZpaVVRGvBfIONJyVKTvAGCegxsfbV8xF9deNFUx1d2.UHH2iD2h5hStyn4DHNtVWNa3jV_COucr4mskGSgLqxgfbwG36_oIP48vXO3POLJGA18gh4yrIIP_5iJAOp95_OwxKEflL4iKKfuG2NIxgnYOlYg2WTwz6D2mEbmETov4.XyRfbeptyxu0Q1k73Q0DMGDGIv2267OIuFdG28wLFKs6FI4OvtNOk2tZmrW7.bIx5qyBHDJO.emzUobCq3gMaKHOuV0xv6L6MYzrZmAYui8kclQUsgeJyrB41C3WdiDNELP.x2fxFNXNyZPi551YcqxeB7NDQtdZriCYvSEHWe8Aj2qyYDJv86vUm8FJcgM.3pMiUjW8XSfIBTRq7Y.n2swZQcgk54nUKnLU0Ytnq8XQ3UOwN30osm5GfkCs9ZZSiqyxYpxV3PjDVaSwv21MtFePOzIvqv5FAaUyc6zdeyxbzsxeNiBMUaD6ouRR95lIt6FhLQsePh.sm_rsd.p_f.4sHm9_EMRW2QeMiR0oYF8yNzZmDatZwYFTtwJfElhrVLjSOdk1RRkE4DyQfBiSB7BwqkZfwpY9TB9k4b2S6n7796Dt69V5KNaTWTn5_Ko"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134e8645e033da7';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10012408\/json?__cf_chl_rt_tk=NoDGqF8EyvME0lBkOxXDBAltdNR3VHWngvnjPamqI.k-1739786189-1.0.1.1-X.gjLpTBgpPMsmmikq8guehLYNuscHw5F7Q9dKeg6sw" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>