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dust</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: mineral dust"> <meta name="keywords" content="mineral dust"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="mineral dust"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1118</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: mineral dust</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1058</span> Development of Transparent Nano-Structured Super-Hydrophobic Coating on Glass and Evaluation of Anti-Dust Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abhilasha%20Mishra">Abhilasha Mishra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neha%20Bhatt"> Neha Bhatt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Super-hydrophobicity is an effect in which a surface roughness and chemical composition are combined to produce unusual water and dust repellent surface. The super-hydrophobic surface is widely used in many applications such as windshields of the automobile, aircraft, lens, solar cells, roofing, boat hull, paints, etc. Four coating solutions were prepared by varying compositions of 1,1,1,3,3,3 hexametyldisilazane (HDMS) and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) sol. These solutions were coated on glass slides by a spin coating method and etched at a high temperature ranging 250 -350 oC. All the coatings were studied for its different properties like water repellent, anti-dust, and transparency and contact angle measurements. Stability of coatings was also studied with respect to temperature, external environment, and pH. It was found that all coatings impart a significant super-hydrophobicity on a glass surface with contact angle ranging from 156o to 162o and have good stability in the external environment. The results of the different coatings were observed and compared with each other. On increasing layers of coatings the super-hydrophobicity and anti-dust properties increases but after 3 coatings the transparency of coating starts decreasing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=super-hydrophobic" title="super-hydrophobic">super-hydrophobic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20angle" title=" contact angle"> contact angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coating" title=" coating"> coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-dust" title=" anti-dust"> anti-dust</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95178/development-of-transparent-nano-structured-super-hydrophobic-coating-on-glass-and-evaluation-of-anti-dust-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95178.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">257</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1057</span> Developing Soil Accumulation Effect Correction Factor for Solar Photovoltaic Module </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kelebaone%20Tsamaase">Kelebaone Tsamaase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rapelang%20Kemoabe"> Rapelang Kemoabe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Japhet%20Sakala"> Japhet Sakala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edward%20Rakgati"> Edward Rakgati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ishmael%20Zibani"> Ishmael Zibani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Increasing demand for energy, depletion of non-renewable energy, effects of climate change, the abundance of renewable energy such as solar energy have increased the interest in investing in renewable energies, in particular solar photovoltaic (PV) energy. Solar photovoltaic energy systems as part of clean technology are considered to be environmentally friendly, freely available, offer clean production systems, long term costs benefits as opposed to conventional sources, and are the attractive power source for a wide range of applications in remote areas where there is no easy access to the national grid. To get maximum electrical power, maximum solar power should penetrate the module and be converted accordingly. However, some environmental and other geographical related factors reduce the electrical power. One of them is dust which accumulates on the surface of the module and forming a dust layer and in the process obstructing the solar power from penetrating PV module. This study intends to improve the performance of solar photovoltaic (PV) energy modules by establishing soil accumulation effects correction factor from dust characteristics and properties, and also from dust accumulation and retention pattern on PV module surface. The non-urban dry deposition flux model was adapted to determine monthly and yearly dust accumulation pattern. Consideration was done on prevailing environmental and other geographical conditions. Preliminary results showed that cumulative dust settlement increased during the months of July to October leading to a higher drop in module electrical output power. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dust" title="dust">dust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20power%20output" title=" electrical power output"> electrical power output</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PV%20module" title=" PV module"> PV module</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20correction%20factor" title=" soil correction factor"> soil correction factor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124725/developing-soil-accumulation-effect-correction-factor-for-solar-photovoltaic-module" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124725.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1056</span> Improvement of Soft Clay Using Floating Cement Dust-Lime Columns </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adel%20Belal">Adel Belal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sameh%20Aboelsoud"> Sameh Aboelsoud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohy%20Elmashad"> Mohy Elmashad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Abdelmonem"> Mohammed Abdelmonem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The two main criteria that control the design and performance of footings are bearing capacity and settlement of soil. In soft soils, the construction of buildings, storage tanks, warehouse, etc. on weak soils usually involves excessive settlement problems. To solve bearing capacity or reduce settlement problems, soil improvement may be considered by using different techniques, including encased cement dust–lime columns. The proposed research studies the effect of adding floating encased cement dust and lime mix columns to soft clay on the clay-bearing capacity. Four experimental tests were carried out. Columns diameters of 3.0 cm, 4.0 cm, and 5.0 cm and columns length of 60% of the clay layer thickness were used. Numerical model was constructed and verified using commercial finite element package (PLAXIS 2D, V8.5). The verified model was used to study the effect of distributing columns around the footing at different distances. The study showed that the floating cement dust lime columns enhanced the clay-bearing capacity with 262%. The numerical model showed that the columns around the footing have a limit effect on the clay improvement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bearing%20capacity" title="bearing capacity">bearing capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cement%20dust%20%E2%80%93%20lime%20columns" title=" cement dust – lime columns"> cement dust – lime columns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20improvement" title=" ground improvement"> ground improvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soft%20clay" title=" soft clay"> soft clay</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100854/improvement-of-soft-clay-using-floating-cement-dust-lime-columns" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100854.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">201</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1055</span> Building Bricks Made of Fly-Ash Mixed with Sand or Ceramic Dust: Synthesis and a Comparative Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20R.%20Shattique">Md. R. Shattique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20T.%20Zaki"> Md. T. Zaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20G.%20Kibria"> Md. G. Kibria</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fly-ash bricks give a comprehensive solution towards recycling of fly-ash and since there is no requirement of firing to produce them, they are also eco-friendly bricks; little or no carbon-dioxide is emitted during their entire production cycle. As bricks are the most essential and widely utilized building materials in the construction industry, the significance of developing an alternate eco-friendly brick is substantial in modern times. In this paper, manufacturing and potential utilization of Fly-ash made building bricks have been studied and was found to be a prospective substitute for fired clay bricks that contribute greatly to polluting the environment. Also, a comparison between sand made and ceramic dust made Fly-ash bricks have been carried out experimentally. The ceramic dust made bricks seem to show higher compressive strength at lower unit volume weight compared to sand made Fly-ash bricks. Moreover, the water absorption capacity of ceramic dust Fly-ash bricks was lower than sand made bricks. Then finally a statistical comparison between fired clay bricks and fly-ash bricks were carried out. All the requirements for good quality building bricks are matched by the fly-ash bricks. All the facts from this study pointed out that these bricks give a new opportunity for being an alternate building material. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coal%20fly-ash" title="coal fly-ash">coal fly-ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ceramic%20dust" title=" ceramic dust"> ceramic dust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=burnt%20clay%20bricks" title=" burnt clay bricks"> burnt clay bricks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sand" title=" sand"> sand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gypsum" title=" gypsum"> gypsum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absorption%20capacity" title=" absorption capacity"> absorption capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unit%20volume%20weight" title=" unit volume weight"> unit volume weight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strength" title=" compressive strength"> compressive strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17049/building-bricks-made-of-fly-ash-mixed-with-sand-or-ceramic-dust-synthesis-and-a-comparative-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17049.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">422</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1054</span> Study of Ladle Furnace Slag as Mineral Filler in Asphalt Concrete with Electric Arc Furnace Slag</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20J.%20Wang">W. J. Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20F.%20Lin"> D. F. Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Y.%20Chen"> L. Y. Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Y.%20Liu"> K. Y. Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the ladle furnace slag was used as a mineral filler in asphalt concrete with electric arc furnace slag (EAF asphalt concrete) to investigate the effect on the engineering and thermal properties of asphalt cement mastics and EAF asphalt concrete, the lime was used as a comparison for mineral filler, and the usage percentage of mineral filler was set at 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%. First of all, the engineering properties of the ladle furnace slag and lime were compared, and then the mineral filler was mixed with bitumen to form the asphalt cement mastics in order to analyze the influence of the ladle furnace slag on the properties of asphalt cement mastics, and lastly, the mineral filler was used in the EAF asphalt concrete to analyze its feasibility of using ladle furnace slag as a mineral filler. The study result shows that the ladle furnace slag and the lime have no obvious difference in their physical properties, and from the energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) test results, we know that the lime and the ladle furnace slag have similar elemental composition, but the Ca found in the ladle furnace slag belongs to CaO, and the lime belongs to CaCO3, therefore the ladle furnace slag has the property of expansion. According to the test results, the viscosity of asphalt cement mastics will increase with the increase in the use of mineral filler. Since the ladle furnace slag has more CaO content, the viscosity of the asphalt cement mastics with ladle furnace slag will increase more than using lime as mineral filler in the asphalt cement mastics, and the use of ladle furnace slag only needs to be 2% in order to achieve the effect of anti-peeling which is 6% for lime. From the related test results of EAF asphalt concrete, it is known that the maximum stability value can be obtained when the use of mineral filler is about 5%. When the ladle furnace slag is used as the mineral filler, it can improve the stiffness, indirect tension strength, spalling resistance, and thermal insulation of EAF asphalt concrete, which also indicates that using the ladle furnace slag as the mineral filler of bitumen can help to improve the durability of the asphalt pavement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ladle%20furnace%20slag" title="ladle furnace slag">ladle furnace slag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineral%20filler" title=" mineral filler"> mineral filler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asphalt%20cement%20mastics" title=" asphalt cement mastics"> asphalt cement mastics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EAF%20asphalt%20concrete" title=" EAF asphalt concrete"> EAF asphalt concrete</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170204/study-of-ladle-furnace-slag-as-mineral-filler-in-asphalt-concrete-with-electric-arc-furnace-slag" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170204.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">85</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1053</span> Effect of Wind and Humidity on Microwave Links in Al-Khoms City-Libya</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20S.%20Agha">Mustafa S. Agha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asma%20M.%20Eshahriy"> Asma M. Eshahriy </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The propagation of electromagnetic waves in millimeter band is severely affected by rain, and dust particles in terms of attenuation and de-polarization. The computations of dust and/or sand storms require knowledge of electrical properties of the scattering particles and climate conditions at the studied region in the west north region of Libya. (Al -Khoms) To compute the effect of dust and sand particles on the propagation of electromagnetic waves, it is required to collect the sand particles carried out by the wind, measure the particles size distribution (PSD), calculate the concentration, and carry chemical analysis of the contents, then the dielectric constant can be calculated. The main object of this paper is to study the effect of sand and dust storms on wireless communication, such as microwave links, in the north region of Libya (Al -Khoms) of Libya (Nagaza stations, Al-khoms center stations, Al-khoms gateway stations) by determining of the attenuation loss per unit length and cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) change due to the effect of sand and dust storms on wireless communication systems (GSM signal). The result showed that there is some consideration that has to be taken into account in the communication power budget . <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attenuation" title="attenuation">attenuation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scattering" title=" scattering"> scattering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmission%20loss" title=" transmission loss"> transmission loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromagnetic%20waves" title=" electromagnetic waves"> electromagnetic waves</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21787/effect-of-wind-and-humidity-on-microwave-links-in-al-khoms-city-libya" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21787.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1052</span> Fractional, Component and Morphological Composition of Ambient Air Dust in the Areas of Mining Industry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.V.%20Kleyn">S.V. Kleyn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.Yu.%20Zagorodnov"> S.Yu. Zagorodnov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%D0%90.%D0%90.%20Kokoulina"> А.А. Kokoulina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Technogenic emissions of the mining and processing complex are characterized by a high content of chemical components and solid dust particles. However, each industrial enterprise and the surrounding area have features that require refinement and parameterization. Numerous studies have shown the negative impact of fine dust PM10 and PM2.5 on the health, as well as the possibility of toxic components absorption, including heavy metals by dust particles. The target of the study was the quantitative assessment of the fractional and particle size composition of ambient air dust in the area of impact by primary magnesium production complex. Also, we tried to describe the morphology features of dust particles. Study methods. To identify the dust emission sources, the analysis of the production process has been carried out. The particulate composition of the emissions was measured using laser particle analyzer Microtrac S3500 (covered range of particle size is 20 nm to 2000 km). Particle morphology and the component composition were established by electron microscopy by scanning microscope of high resolution (magnification rate - 5 to 300 000 times) with X-ray fluorescence device S3400N ‘HITACHI’. The chemical composition was identified by X-ray analysis of the samples using an X-ray diffractometer XRD-700 ‘Shimadzu’. Determination of the dust pollution level was carried out using model calculations of emissions in the atmosphere dispersion. The calculations were verified by instrumental studies. Results of the study. The results demonstrated that the dust emissions of different technical processes are heterogeneous and fractional structure is complicated. The percentage of particle sizes up to 2.5 micrometres inclusive was ranged from 0.00 to 56.70%; particle sizes less than 10 microns inclusive – 0.00 - 85.60%; particle sizes greater than 10 microns - 14.40% -100.00%. During microscopy, the presence of nanoscale size particles has been detected. Studied dust particles are round, irregular, cubic and integral shapes. The composition of the dust includes magnesium, sodium, potassium, calcium, iron, chlorine. On the base of obtained results, it was performed the model calculations of dust emissions dispersion and establishment of the areas of fine dust РМ 10 and РМ 2.5 distribution. It was found that the dust emissions of fine powder fractions PM10 and PM2.5 are dispersed over large distances and beyond the border of the industrial site of the enterprise. The population living near the enterprise is exposed to the risk of diseases associated with dust exposure. Data are transferred to the economic entity to make decisions on the measures to minimize the risks. Exposure and risks indicators on the health are used to provide named patient health and preventive care to the citizens living in the area of negative impact of the facility. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dust%20emissions" title="dust emissions">dust emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%D0%B5xposure%20assessment" title=" еxposure assessment"> еxposure assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PM%2010" title=" PM 10"> PM 10</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PM%202.5" title=" PM 2.5"> PM 2.5</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71959/fractional-component-and-morphological-composition-of-ambient-air-dust-in-the-areas-of-mining-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71959.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">261</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1051</span> Determination of the Toxicity of a Lunar Dust Simulant on Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells and Macrophages in vitro</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agatha%20Bebbington">Agatha Bebbington</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Terry%20Tetley"> Terry Tetley</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kathryn%20Hadler"> Kathryn Hadler</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Astronauts will set foot on the Moon later this decade, and are at high risk of lunar dust inhalation. Freshly-fractured lunar dust produces reactive oxygen species in solution, which are known to cause cellular damage and inflammation. Cytotoxicity and inflammatory mediator release was measured in pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (cells that line the gas-exchange zone of the lung) exposed to a lunar dust simulant, LMS-1. It was hypothesised that freshly-fractured LMS-1 would result in increased cytotoxicity and inflammatory mediator release, owing to the angular morphology and high reactivity of fractured particles. Methods: A human alveolar epithelial type 1-like cell line (TT1) and a human macrophage-like cell line (THP-1) were exposed to 0-200μg/ml of unground, aged-ground, and freshly-ground LMS-1 (screened at <22μm). Cell viability, cytotoxicity, and inflammatory mediator release (IL-6, IL-8) were assessed using MMT, LDH, and ELISA assays, respectively. LMS-1 particles were characterised for their size, surface area, and morphology before and after grinding. Results: Exposure to LMS-1 particles did not result in overt cytotoxicity in either TT1 epithelial cells or THP-1 macrophage-like cells. A dose-dependent increase in IL-8 release was observed in TT1 cells, whereas THP-1 cell exposure, even at low particle concentrations, resulted in increased IL-8 release. Both cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory responses were most marked and significantly greater in TT1 and THP-1 cells exposed to freshly-fractured LMS-1. Discussion: LMS-1 is a novel lunar dust simulant; this is the first study to determine its toxicological effects on respiratory cells in vitro. An increased inflammatory response in TT1 and THP-1 cells exposed to ground LMS-1 suggests that low particle size, increased surface area, and angularity likely contribute to toxicity. Conclusions: Evenlow levels of exposure to LMS-1 could result in alveolar inflammation. This may have pathological consequences for astronauts exposed to lunar dust on future long-duration missions. Future research should test the effect of low-dose, intermittent lunar dust exposure on the respiratory system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lunar%20dust" title="lunar dust">lunar dust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LMS-1" title=" LMS-1"> LMS-1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lunar%20dust%20simulant" title=" lunar dust simulant"> lunar dust simulant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=long-duration%20space%20travel" title=" long-duration space travel"> long-duration space travel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lunar%20dust%20toxicity" title=" lunar dust toxicity"> lunar dust toxicity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141528/determination-of-the-toxicity-of-a-lunar-dust-simulant-on-human-alveolar-epithelial-cells-and-macrophages-in-vitro" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141528.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">214</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1050</span> Enhancing Greenhouse Productivity and Energy Efficiency Through UV-IR Reflective Coatings and Dust Mitigation: A Case Study in Saudi Arabia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tayirjan%20Taylor%20Isimjan">Tayirjan Taylor Isimjan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Essam%20Jamea"> Essam Jamea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muien%20Qaryouti"> Muien Qaryouti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The demand for efficient greenhouse production is escalating, necessitating continuous improvements in controlled plant growth environments. Central to maximizing growth are critical light-related factors, including quantity, quality, and geometric distribution of intercepted radiation. This becomes particularly crucial in regions like the Middle East, characterized by high solar radiation and dusty atmospheric conditions. Existing greenhouse technologies often rely on additional expensive equipment to manage light conditions effectively. In this study, we propose a distinct approach employing functional coatings to mitigate dust and block UV and IR radiation, thereby conserving energy and enhancing productivity. By combining UV-IR reflective coatings with dust mitigation strategies, we aim to address both environmental challenges and energy consumption issues faced by greenhouse agriculture in Saudi Arabia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenhouse" title="greenhouse">greenhouse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UV-IR%20reflective%20coatings" title=" UV-IR reflective coatings"> UV-IR reflective coatings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dust%20mitigation" title=" dust mitigation"> dust mitigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title=" energy efficiency"> energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=productivity" title=" productivity"> productivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182893/enhancing-greenhouse-productivity-and-energy-efficiency-through-uv-ir-reflective-coatings-and-dust-mitigation-a-case-study-in-saudi-arabia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182893.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">61</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1049</span> Combined Machine That Fertilizes Evenly under Plowing on Slopes and Planning an Experiment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qurbanov%20Huseyn%20Nuraddin">Qurbanov Huseyn Nuraddin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The results of scientific research on a machine that pours an equal amount of mineral fertilizer under the soil to increase the productivity of grain in mountain farming and obtain quality grain are substantiated. The average yield of the crop depends on the nature of the distribution of fertilizers in the soil. Therefore, the study of effective energy-saving methods for the application of mineral fertilizers is the actual task of modern agriculture. Depending on the type and variety of plants in mountain farming, there is an optimal norm of mineral fertilizers. Applying an equal amount of fertilizer to the soil is one of the conditions that increase the efficiency of the field. One of the main agro-technical indicators of the work of mineral fertilizing machines is to ensure equal distribution of mineral fertilizers in the field. Taking into account the above-mentioned issues, a combined plough has been improved in our laboratory. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combined%20plough" title="combined plough">combined plough</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineral%20fertilizers" title=" mineral fertilizers"> mineral fertilizers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sprinkle%20fluently" title=" sprinkle fluently"> sprinkle fluently</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fertilizer%20rate" title=" fertilizer rate"> fertilizer rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cereals" title=" cereals"> cereals</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149826/combined-machine-that-fertilizes-evenly-under-plowing-on-slopes-and-planning-an-experiment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149826.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1048</span> The Impact of Air Pollution on Health and the Environment: The Case of Cement Beni-Saf, Western Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Hachemi">N. Hachemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Benmehdi"> I. Benmehdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Hasnaoui"> O. Hasnaoui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The air like water is an essential element for living beings. Each day, a man breathes about 20m3 of air. It originally consists of a set of gas whose presence and concentrations correspond to the needs of life. This study focuses on air pollution by smoke and dust emitted from the chimney of the cement works of Beni Saf, pathological and their impact on the environment. Dust of the cement plant are harmless to permissible levels for living organisms, but the two combined phenomena namely the release of dust and aridity of the climate, which severely marked area of Beni Saf; have contributed adverse effects in on human health and the degradation of vegetation cover and species especially weakened by environmental stress. The most visible impact is certainly the deposition of dust on the surrounding areas of the cement factory, and seriously affecting the aesthetics of the landscape. Health problems are more important inside and outside the factory. Among the diseases notable caused by the cement works are: deafness, heart disease, asthma and mental. The dust of the cement works is mainly composed of fine particles of limestone, clay, free lime, silicates and also loaded of the gases such as carbon dioxide gas CO2. The accumulation of this gas in the atmosphere is directly involved in the phenomenon of increasing of greenhouse effect. Some gases, for example, are directly toxic. They can change the climate, changing precipitation types and become a greater source of stress by drought, etc. The environment also suffers from air pollution indirectly; it is more precisely the acid rain. They are produced by the combustion of non-metals in air. Acid rain has consequences for contaminating the soil, weakening the flora, fauna and acidifies lakes. Finally, the pollution problems are multiple and specific dust. It can worsen and change, it has reached epidemic proportions quantitatively and qualitatively disturbing and unpredictable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atmospheric%20pollution" title="atmospheric pollution">atmospheric pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cement" title=" cement"> cement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dust" title=" dust"> dust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29458/the-impact-of-air-pollution-on-health-and-the-environment-the-case-of-cement-beni-saf-western-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29458.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">336</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1047</span> Characterization and Geochemical Modeling of Cu and Zn Sorption Using Mixed Mineral Systems Injected with Iron Sulfide under Sulfidic-Anoxic Conditions I: Case Study of Cwmheidol Mine Waste Water, Wales, United Kingdom</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20E.%20Egirani">D. E. Egirani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20E.%20Andrews"> J. E. Andrews</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20R.%20Baker"> A. R. Baker</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates sorption of Cu and Zn contained in natural mine wastewater, using mixed mineral systems in sulfidic-anoxic condition. The mine wastewater was obtained from disused mine workings at Cwmheidol in Wales, United Kingdom. These contaminants flow into water courses. These water courses include River Rheidol. In this River fishing activities exist. In an attempt to reduce Cu-Zn levels of fish intake in the watercourses, single mineral systems and 1:1 mixed mineral systems of clay and goethite were tested with the mine waste water for copper and zinc removal at variable pH. Modelling of hydroxyl complexes was carried out using phreeqc method. Reactions using batch mode technique was conducted at room temperature. There was significant differences in the behaviour of copper and zinc removal using mixed mineral systems when compared  to single mineral systems. All mixed mineral systems sorb more Cu than Zn when tested with mine wastewater. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cu-%20Zn" title="Cu- Zn">Cu- Zn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydroxyl%20complexes" title=" hydroxyl complexes"> hydroxyl complexes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinetics" title=" kinetics"> kinetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20mineral%20systems" title=" mixed mineral systems"> mixed mineral systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reactivity" title=" reactivity"> reactivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16289/characterization-and-geochemical-modeling-of-cu-and-zn-sorption-using-mixed-mineral-systems-injected-with-iron-sulfide-under-sulfidic-anoxic-conditions-i-case-study-of-cwmheidol-mine-waste-water-wales-united-kingdom" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16289.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">499</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1046</span> Determination of Elements and Minerals Present in Harmattan Dust Using Particle Induced X-Ray Emission (PIXE) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Across Selected Nigerian Stations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aweda%20Francis%20Olatunbosun">Aweda Francis Olatunbosun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Falaiye%20Oluwasesan%20Adeniran"> Falaiye Oluwasesan Adeniran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The suspended harmattan dust was collected at seven different stations in Nigeria: Iwo (7º 63'N, 4º 19'E), Oyo (8º 12'N, 3º 42'E), Ilorin (8º36'N, 4º 35'E), Minna (9º36'N, 06º35'E), Abuja (09º 09'N, 07º 11'E), Lafia (08º 49'N, 07º50'E), and Jos (9º55'N, 8º55'E), which were analyzed to determine elements and minerals present in the sample using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), and Particle Induced X-Ray Emission (PIXE). The collected sample results show the elemental concentration of the sample in various forms across each station. Cr, Ce, Mo, Zr, Sr, V, Ti, K, As, Ni, Mn, Ca, Pb, Fe, Zn, and Cu were found in the sample using an XRF machine. The minerals discovered in the sample include, but are not limited to, Corundum [Al₂O₃], Periclase [MgO], Rutile [TiO₂], and Quartz [SiO₂] in various proportions. Furthermore, the results revealed the enrichment factor for Iwo (1.3998 μg/m³), Oyo (1.3998 μg/m³), Ilorin (1.79765 μg/m³), Minna (1.737325 μg/m³), Abuja (1.635425 μg/m³), Lafia (1.409695 μg/m³), and Jos (1.787075 μg/m³). The study concluded that the sample contains sixteen (16) elements and minerals in varying percentages and concentrations. It is therefore recommended that appropriate safety procedures be put in place to raise community awareness of the presence of elements in harmattan dust. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elements" title="elements">elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minerals" title=" minerals"> minerals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=harmattan%20dust" title=" harmattan dust"> harmattan dust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XRF" title=" XRF"> XRF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PIXE" title=" PIXE"> PIXE</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177772/determination-of-elements-and-minerals-present-in-harmattan-dust-using-particle-induced-x-ray-emission-pixe-and-x-ray-fluorescence-xrf-across-selected-nigerian-stations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177772.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">343</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1045</span> Standardized Testing of Filter Systems regarding Their Separation Efficiency in Terms of Allergenic Particles and Airborne Germs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johannes%20Mertl">Johannes Mertl</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Our surrounding air contains various particles. Besides typical representatives of inorganic dust, such as soot and ash, also particles originating from animals, microorganisms or plants are floating through the air, so-called bioaerosols. The group of bioaerosols consists of a broad spectrum of particles of different size, including fungi, bacteria, viruses, spores, or tree, flower and grass pollen that are of high relevance for allergy sufferers. In dependence of the environmental climate and the actual season, these allergenic particles can be found in enormous numbers in the air and are inhaled by humans via the respiration tract, with a potential for inflammatory diseases of the airways, such as asthma or allergic rhinitis. As a consequence air filter systems of ventilation and air conditioning devices are required to meet very high standards to prevent, or at least lower the number of allergens and airborne germs entering the indoor air. Still, filter systems are merely classified for their separation rates using well-defined mineral test dust, while no appropriate sufficiently standardized test methods for bioaerosols exist. However, determined separation rates for mineral test particles of a certain size cannot simply be transferred to bioaerosols, as separation efficiency of particularly fine and respirable particles (< 10 microns) is dependent not only on their shape and particle diameter, but also defined by their density and physicochemical properties. For this reason, the OFI developed a test method, which directly enables a testing of filters and filter media for their separation rates on bioaerosols, as well as a classification of filters. Besides allergens from an intact or fractured tree or grass pollen, allergenic proteins bound to particulates, as well as allergenic fungal spores (e.g. Cladosporium cladosporioides), or bacteria can be used to classify filters regarding their separation rates. Allergens passing through the filter can then be detected by highly sensitive immunological assays (ELISA) or in the case of fungal spores by microbiological methods, which allow for the detection of even one single spore passing the filter. The test procedure, which is carried out in laboratory scale, was furthermore validated regarding its sufficiency to cover real life situations by upscaling using air conditioning devices showing great conformity in terms of separation rates. Additionally, a clinical study with allergy sufferers was performed to verify analytical results. Several different air conditioning filters from the car industry have been tested, showing significant differences in their separation rates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airborne%20germs" title="airborne germs">airborne germs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=allergens" title=" allergens"> allergens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification%20of%20filters" title=" classification of filters"> classification of filters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fine%20dust" title=" fine dust"> fine dust</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66638/standardized-testing-of-filter-systems-regarding-their-separation-efficiency-in-terms-of-allergenic-particles-and-airborne-germs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66638.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">252</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1044</span> An Investigation of Vegetable Oils as Potential Insulating Liquid</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Celal%20Kocatepe">Celal Kocatepe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eyup%20Taslak"> Eyup Taslak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Celal%20Fadil%20Kumru"> Celal Fadil Kumru</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oktay%20Arikan"> Oktay Arikan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> While choosing insulating oil, characteristic features such as thermal cooling, endurance, efficiency and being environment-friendly should be considered. Mineral oils are referred as petroleum-based oil. In this study, vegetable oils investigated as an alternative insulating liquid to mineral oil. Dissipation factor, breakdown voltage, relative dielectric constant and resistivity changes with the frequency and voltage of mineral, rapeseed and nut oils were measured. Experimental studies were performed according to ASTM D924 and IEC 60156 standards. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breakdown%20voltage" title="breakdown voltage">breakdown voltage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dielectric%20dissipation%20factor" title=" dielectric dissipation factor"> dielectric dissipation factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineral%20oil" title=" mineral oil"> mineral oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vegetable%20oils" title=" vegetable oils"> vegetable oils</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35815/an-investigation-of-vegetable-oils-as-potential-insulating-liquid" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35815.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">693</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1043</span> Utilization of Waste Marble Dust as a Viscosity Modifying Agent in Self Compacting Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shams%20Ul%20Khaliq">Shams Ul Khaliq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mushtaq%20Zeb"> Mushtaq Zeb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fawad%20Bilal"> Fawad Bilal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faizan%20Akbar"> Faizan Akbar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Aamir%20Abbas"> Syed Aamir Abbas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Self Compacting Concrete as the name implies--is the concrete requiring a very little or no vibration to fill the form homogeneously. Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) is defined by two primary properties: Ability to flow or deform under its own weight (with or without obstructions) and the ability to remain homogeneous while doing so. Flow ability is achieved by utilizing high range water reducing admixtures and segregation resistance is ensured by introducing a chemical viscosity modifying admixture (VMA) or increasing the amount of fines in the concrete. The study explores the use waste marble dust (WMD) to increase the amount of fines and hence achieve self-compatibility in an economical way, suitable for Pakistani construction industry. The study focuses on comparison of fresh properties of SCC containing varying amounts of waste marble dust (WMD) with that containing commercially available viscosity modifying admixture. The comparison is done at different dosages of super plasticizer keeping cement, water, coarse aggregate, and fine aggregate contents constant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self%20compacting%20concrete" title="self compacting concrete">self compacting concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20marble%20dust%20%28WMD%29" title=" waste marble dust (WMD)"> waste marble dust (WMD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20ability" title=" flow ability"> flow ability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=segregation%20resistance" title=" segregation resistance"> segregation resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49785/utilization-of-waste-marble-dust-as-a-viscosity-modifying-agent-in-self-compacting-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49785.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">327</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1042</span> Influence of Atmospheric Circulation Patterns on Dust Pollution Transport during the Harmattan Period over West Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayodeji%20Oluleye">Ayodeji Oluleye</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study used Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) Aerosol Index (AI) and reanalysis dataset of thirty years (1983-2012) to investigate the influence of the atmospheric circulation on dust transport during the Harmattan period over WestAfrica using TOMS data. The Harmattan dust mobilization and atmospheric circulation pattern were evaluated using a kernel density estimate which shows the areas where most points are concentrated between the variables. The evolution of the Inter-Tropical Discontinuity (ITD), Sea surface Temperature (SST) over the Gulf of Guinea, and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index during the Harmattan period (November-March) was also analyzed and graphs of the average ITD positions, SST and the NAO were observed on daily basis. The Pearson moment correlation analysis was also employed to assess the effect of atmospheric circulation on Harmattan dust transport. The results show that the departure (increased) of TOMS AI values from the long-term mean (1.64) occurred from around 21st of December, which signifies the rich dust days during winter period. Strong TOMS AI signal were observed from January to March with the maximum occurring in the latter months (February and March). The inter-annual variability of TOMSAI revealed that the rich dust years were found between 1984-1985, 1987-1988, 1997-1998, 1999-2000, and 2002-2004. Significantly, poor dust year was found between 2005 and 2006 in all the periods. The study has found strong north-easterly (NE) trade winds were over most of the Sahelianregion of West Africa during the winter months with the maximum wind speed reaching 8.61m/s inJanuary.The strength of NE winds determines the extent of dust transport to the coast of Gulf of Guinea during winter. This study has confirmed that the presence of the Harmattan is strongly dependent on theSST over Atlantic Ocean and ITD position. The locus of the average SST and ITD positions over West Africa could be described by polynomial functions. The study concludes that the evolution of near surface wind field at 925 hpa, and the variations of SST and ITD positions are the major large scale atmospheric circulation systems driving the emission, distribution, and transport of Harmattan dust aerosols over West Africa. However, the influence of NAO was shown to have fewer significance effects on the Harmattan dust transport over the region. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atmospheric%20circulation" title="atmospheric circulation">atmospheric circulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dust%20aerosols" title=" dust aerosols"> dust aerosols</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harmattan" title=" Harmattan"> Harmattan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=West%20Africa" title=" West Africa"> West Africa</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68792/influence-of-atmospheric-circulation-patterns-on-dust-pollution-transport-during-the-harmattan-period-over-west-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68792.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">310</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1041</span> Removal of Nickel Ions from Industrial Effluents by Batch and Column Experiments: A Comparison of Activated Carbon with Pinus Roxburgii Saw Dust</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sardar%20Khana">Sardar Khana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zar%20Ali%20Khana"> Zar Ali Khana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rapid industrial development and urbanization contribute a lot to wastewater discharge. The wastewater enters into natural aquatic ecosystems from industrial activities and considers as one of the main sources of water pollution. Discharge of effluents loaded with heavy metals into the surrounding environment has become a key issue regarding human health risk, environment, and food chain contamination. Nickel causes fatigue, cancer, headache, heart problems, skin diseases (Nickel Itch), and respiratory disorders. Nickel compounds such as Nickel Sulfide and Nickel oxides in industrial environment, if inhaled, have an association with an increased risk of lung cancer. Therefore the removal of Nickel from effluents before discharge is necessary. Removal of Nickel by low-cost biosorbents is an efficient method. This study was aimed to investigate the efficiency of activated carbon and Pinusroxburgiisaw dust for the removal of Nickel from industrial effluents using commercial Activated Carbon, and raw P.roxburgii saw dust. Batch and column adsorption experiments were conducted for the removal of Nickel. The study conducted indicates that removal of Nickel greatly dependent on pH, contact time, Nickel concentration, and adsorbent dose. Maximum removal occurred at pH 9, contact time of 600 min, and adsorbent dose of 1 g/100 mL. The highest removal was 99.62% and 92.39% (pH based), 99.76% and 99.9% (dose based), 99.80% and 100% (agitation time), 92% and 72.40% (Ni Conc. based) for P.roxburgii saw dust and activated Carbon, respectively. Similarly, the Ni removal in column adsorption was 99.77% and 99.99% (bed height based), 99.80% and 99.99% (Concentration based), 99.98%, and 99.81% (flow rate based) during column studies for Nickel using P.Roxburgiisaw dust and activated carbon, respectively. Results were compared with Freundlich isotherm model, which showed “r2” values of 0.9424 (Activated carbon) and 0.979 (P.RoxburgiiSaw Dust). While Langmuir isotherm model values were 0.9285 (Activated carbon) and 0.9999 (P.RoxburgiiSaw Dust), the experimental results were fitted to both the models. But the results were in close agreement with Langmuir isotherm model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nickel%20removal" title="nickel removal">nickel removal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=batch" title=" batch"> batch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20column" title=" and column"> and column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activated%20carbon" title=" activated carbon"> activated carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saw%20dust" title=" saw dust"> saw dust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20uptake" title=" plant uptake"> plant uptake</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147084/removal-of-nickel-ions-from-industrial-effluents-by-batch-and-column-experiments-a-comparison-of-activated-carbon-with-pinus-roxburgii-saw-dust" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147084.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1040</span> Determination of Air Quality Index Using Respirable Dust Sampler</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sapan%20Bhatnagar">Sapan Bhatnagar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danish%20Akhtar"> Danish Akhtar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salman%20Ahmed"> Salman Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asif%20Ekbal"> Asif Ekbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gufran%20Beig"> Gufran Beig</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Particulates are the solid and liquid droplets present in the atmosphere, they have serious negative effects on human health and environment. PM10 and PM2.5 are so small that they can penetrate deep into our lungs through the respiratory system. Determination of the amount of particulates present in the atmosphere per cubic meter is necessary to monitor, regulate and model atmospheric particulate levels. Air Quality Index is an index tells us how clean or polluted our air is, and what associated health effects might be a concern for us. The AQI focuses on health affects you may experience within a few hours or days after breathing polluted air. The quality rating for each pollutant was calculated. The geometric mean of these quality ratings gives the Air Quality Index. The existing concentrations of pollutants were compared with ambient air quality standards. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20quality%20index" title="air quality index">air quality index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particulate" title=" particulate"> particulate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respirable%20dust%20sampler" title=" respirable dust sampler"> respirable dust sampler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dust%20sampler" title=" dust sampler"> dust sampler</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21814/determination-of-air-quality-index-using-respirable-dust-sampler" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21814.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">575</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1039</span> Compost Enriched with Actinomyces and Bacillus Polymyxa Algae as a Partial Substitute for Mineral N in Ewaise Mango Orchards</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelaziz%20Sheba%20Abdelrahman">Abdelaziz Sheba Abdelrahman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Compost enriched with actinomyces and Bacillus polymyxa algae as a Partial Substitute for Mineral N in Ewaise Mango Orchards Organic fertiliser, compost enriched with actinomyces, and the biofertilizer Bacillus polymyxa algae were used as a partial replacement for mineral N fertiliser in Ewaise mango orchards during the 2019 and 2020 seasons. When compared to using mineral N alone, the results showed that reducing the percentage of mineral N fertiliser from 100 to 50% and using compost enriched with actinomyces at 25 to 50% and Bacillus polymyxa had an announced promotion on leaf area, total chlorophylls, leaf N, P, and K, yield, and fruit quality. The use of compost enriched with actinomyces and Bacillus polymyxa, as well as mineral N, resulted in a significant decrease in nitrite in the pulp. Reducing mineral N to 25% of the suitable N had a negative impact on yield. The application of appropriate N via 50% inorganic N + compost enriched with actinomyces at 50% + Bacillus polymyxa algae increased yield quantitatively and qualitatively in Ewaise mango orchards. This promised treatment significantly reduced nitrite levels in the pulp fruit. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacillus%20polymyxa%20algae" title="bacillus polymyxa algae">bacillus polymyxa algae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fertiliser" title=" fertiliser"> fertiliser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biofertilizer" title=" biofertilizer"> biofertilizer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ewaise%20mango" title=" ewaise mango"> ewaise mango</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155019/compost-enriched-with-actinomyces-and-bacillus-polymyxa-algae-as-a-partial-substitute-for-mineral-n-in-ewaise-mango-orchards" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155019.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">113</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1038</span> Effect of Dust on Performances of Single Crystal Photovoltaic Solar Module</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Benatiallah">A. Benatiallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Benatiallah"> D. Benatiallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Harrouz"> A. Harrouz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Abaidi"> F. Abaidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Mansouri"> S. Mansouri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Photovoltaic system is established as a reliable and economical source of electricity in rural and Sahara areas, especially in developing countries where the population is dispersed, has low consumption of energy and the grid power is not extended to these areas due to viability and financial problems. The production of energy by the photovoltaic system fluctuates and depend on meteorological conditions. Wind is a very important and often neglected parameter in the behavior of the solar module. The electric performances of a solar module to the silicon are very appreciable to the blows; in the present work, we have studied the behavior of multi-crystal solar module according to the density of dust, and the principals electric feature of the solar module. An evaluation permits to affirm that a solar module under the effect of sand will collect a lower flux to the normal conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20modulen%20pv" title="solar modulen pv">solar modulen pv</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dust%20effect" title=" dust effect"> dust effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experimental" title=" experimental"> experimental</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performances" title=" performances"> performances</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25259/effect-of-dust-on-performances-of-single-crystal-photovoltaic-solar-module" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25259.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">497</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1037</span> Mineral Deposits in Spatial Planning Systems – Review of European Practices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alicja%20Kot-Niewiadomska">Alicja Kot-Niewiadomska</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Securing sustainable access to raw materials is vital for the growth of the European economy and for the goals laid down in Strategy Europe 2020. One of the most important sources of mineral raw materials are primary deposits. The efficient management of them, including extraction, will ensure competitiveness of the European economy. A critical element of this approach is mineral deposits safeguarding and the most important tool - spatial planning. The safeguarding of deposits should be understood as safeguarding of land access, and safeguarding of area against development, which may (potential) prevent the use of the deposit and the necessary mining activities. Many European Union countries successfully integrated their mineral policy and spatial policy, which has ensured the proper place of mineral deposits in their spatial planning systems. These, in turn, are widely recognized as the most important mineral deposit safeguarding tool, the essence of which is to ensure long-term access to its resources. The examples of Austria, Portugal, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Sweden, and the United Kingdom, discussed in the paper, are often mentioned as examples of good practices in this area. Although none of these countries managed to avoid cases of social and environmental conflicts related to mining activities, the solutions they implement certainly deserve special attention. And for many countries, including Poland, they can be a potential source of solutions aimed at improving the protection of mineral deposits. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineral%20deposits" title="mineral deposits">mineral deposits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20use%20planning" title=" land use planning"> land use planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineral%20deposit%20safeguarding" title=" mineral deposit safeguarding"> mineral deposit safeguarding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European%20practices" title=" European practices"> European practices</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144213/mineral-deposits-in-spatial-planning-systems-review-of-european-practices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144213.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">171</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1036</span> Characteristics of Aerosols Properties Over Different Desert-Influenced Aeronet Sites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abou%20Bakr%20Merdji">Abou Bakr Merdji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20Mhawish"> Alaa Mhawish</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaofeng%20Xu"> Xiaofeng Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chunsong%20Lu"> Chunsong Lu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The characteristics of optical and microphysical properties of aerosols near deserts are analyzed using 11 AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) sites located in 6 major desert areas (the Sahara, Arabia, Thar, Karakum, Taklamakan, and Gobi) between 1998 and 2021. The regional mean of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) (coarse AOD (CAOD)) are 0.44 (0.187), 0.38 (0.26), 0.35 (0.24), 0.23 (0.11), 0.20 (0.14), 0.10 (0.05) in the Thar, Arabian, Sahara, Karakum, Taklamakan and Gobi Deserts respectively, while an opposite for AE and Fine Mode Fraction (FMF). Higher extinctions are associated with larger particles (dust) over all the main desert regions. This is shown by the almost inversely proportional variations of AOD and CAOD compared with AE and FMF. Coarse particles contribute the most to the total AOD over the Sahara Desert compared to those in the other deserts all year round. Related to the seasonality of dust events, the maximum AOD (CAOD) generally appears in summer and spring, while the minimum is in winter. The mean values of absorbing AOD (AAOD), Absorbing AE (AAE), and the Single Scattering Albedo (SSA) for all sites ranged from 0.017 to 0.037, from 1.16 to 2.81 and from 0.844 to 0.944, respectively. Generally, the highest absorbing aerosol load are observed over the Thar, followed by the Karakum, the Sahara, the Gobi, and then the Taklamakan Deserts, while the largest absorbing particles are observed in the Sahara followed by Arabia, Thar, Karakum, Gobi, and the smallest over the Taklamakan Desert. Similar absorption qualities are observed over the Sahara, Arabia, Thar, and Karakum Deserts, with SSA values varying between 0.90 and 0.91, whereas the most and least absorbing particles are observed at the Taklamakan and the Gobi Deserts, respectively. The seasonal AAODs are distinctly different over the deserts, with parts of Sahara and Arabia, and the Dalanzadgad sites experiencing the maximum in summer, the Southern Sahara, Western Arabia, Jaipur, and Dushanbe in winter, while the Eastern Arabia and the Muztagh Ata in autumn. AAOD and SSA spectra are consistent with dust-dominated conditions that resulted from aerosol typing (dust and polluted dust) at most deserts, with a possible presence of other absorbing particles apart from dust at Arabia, the Taklamakan, and the Gobi Desert sites. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sahara" title="sahara">sahara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AERONET" title=" AERONET"> AERONET</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=desert" title=" desert"> desert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dust%20belt" title=" dust belt"> dust belt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerosols" title=" aerosols"> aerosols</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20properties" title=" optical properties"> optical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166795/characteristics-of-aerosols-properties-over-different-desert-influenced-aeronet-sites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166795.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1035</span> Phytochemical Screening, Anti-Microbial and Mineral Determination of Stachtarpheta indica Extract</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20Isah%20Lakan">Ibrahim Isah Lakan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasiru%20Ibrahim"> Nasiru Ibrahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> These Phytochemical screening, Antimicrobial activities and mineral Determination of aqueous extract of Stachtarpheta indica were assessed. The result reveals the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, glycosides and anthraquinones. The disc diffusion of aqueous extract showed Escherichia coli, 13 and antibiotic, 19 mm; Bacillus subtilis, 10 and anti –biotic, 17 mm; Klebsiller pnemuoniae , 14 and antibiotic, 24mm and Pseudmonas aeruginosa, 24 and antibiotic, 36 mm which are all comparable with the standard antibiotic cyprotomycin. The mineral content determination by flame photometer revealed that 1.25 (Na+), 0.85 (K +), 1.75 (Ca 2+) % which is a clear indication of the safety of the extract for the hypertensive patients and could be used to lower blood pressure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbials" title="microbials">microbials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineral" title=" mineral"> mineral</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytochemicals" title=" phytochemicals"> phytochemicals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stachtarpheta%20indica%20extracts" title=" stachtarpheta indica extracts"> stachtarpheta indica extracts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45759/phytochemical-screening-anti-microbial-and-mineral-determination-of-stachtarpheta-indica-extract" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45759.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">562</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1034</span> Crystalline Silica Exposure in Tunnel Construction: Identifying Barriers to Safe Practices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frederick%20Anlimah">Frederick Anlimah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vinod%20Gopaldasani"> Vinod Gopaldasani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Catherine%20MacPhail"> Catherine MacPhail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brian%20Davies"> Brian Davies</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aim: This study aims to identify the barriers and challenges hindering the implementation of effective controls and the adoption of safe work practices to protect workers from respirable crystalline silica (RCS) exposure. Problem or Situation: Tunnelling is one of many occupations that expose workers to the harmful effects of respirable crystalline silica. Despite various control measures, such as engineering controls and personal protective equipment, exposures remain inadequately controlled, leading to incurable silicosis and other severe illnesses, such as lung cancer. Methods: The research involved surveying tunnel construction workers, conducting interviews, and facilitating focus group discussions. Additionally, site observations and content analysis of work procedures and instructions were performed. Results: Preliminary data analysis reveals notable findings. While there is a commendable level of knowledge and commitment among management and workers concerning RCS exposure in tunnelling, there is a striking lack of prioritization regarding dust control. Moreover, the risks associated with dust exposure are not sufficiently acknowledged. Additionally, the data suggests that engineers and supervisors responsible for implementing dust controls often possess limited knowledge regarding the factors influencing the effectiveness of these measures. These findings emphasise the need for a paradigm shift, including higher prioritisation of dust control, adoption of holistic dust reduction strategies, and enhanced knowledge about effective control measures. Conclusion: This research shed light on tunnel construction workers' barriers and challenges in protecting themselves from RCS exposure. This knowledge will be essential in developing interventions and strategies to enhance dust exposure and prevent the adverse health effects of respirable crystalline silica exposure in tunnelling and similar industries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respirable%20crystalline%20silica" title="respirable crystalline silica">respirable crystalline silica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dust%20control" title=" dust control"> dust control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=worker%20practices" title=" worker practices"> worker practices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exposure%20prevention" title=" exposure prevention"> exposure prevention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silicosis" title=" silicosis"> silicosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173532/crystalline-silica-exposure-in-tunnel-construction-identifying-barriers-to-safe-practices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173532.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1033</span> Dust Particle Removal from Air in a Self-Priming Submerged Venturi Scrubber</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manisha%20Bal">Manisha Bal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Remya%20Chinnamma%20Jose"> Remya Chinnamma Jose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.C.%20Meikap"> B.C. Meikap</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dust particles suspended in air are a major source of air pollution. A self-priming submerged venturi scrubber proven very effective in cases of handling nuclear power plant accidents is an efficient device to remove dust particles from the air and thus aids in pollution control. Venturi scrubbers are compact, have a simple mode of operation, no moving parts, easy to install and maintain when compared to other pollution control devices and can handle high temperatures and corrosive and flammable gases and dust particles. In the present paper, fly ash particles recognized as a high air pollutant substance emitted mostly from thermal power plants is considered as the dust particle. Its exposure through skin contact, inhalation and indigestion can lead to health risks and in severe cases can even root to lung cancer. The main focus of this study is on the removal of fly ash particles from polluted air using a self-priming venturi scrubber in submerged conditions using water as the scrubbing liquid. The venturi scrubber comprising of three sections: converging section, throat and diverging section is submerged inside a water tank. The liquid enters the throat due to the pressure difference composed of the hydrostatic pressure of the liquid and static pressure of the gas. The high velocity dust particles atomize the liquid droplets at the throat and this interaction leads to its absorption into water and thus removal of fly ash from the air. Detailed investigation on the scrubbing of fly ash has been done in this literature. Experiments were conducted at different throat gas velocities, water levels and fly ash inlet concentrations to study the fly ash removal efficiency. From the experimental results, the highest fly ash removal efficiency of 99.78% is achieved at the throat gas velocity of 58 m/s, water level of height 0.77m with fly ash inlet concentration of 0.3 x10⁻³ kg/Nm³ in the submerged condition. The effect of throat gas velocity, water level and fly ash inlet concentration on the removal efficiency has also been evaluated. Furthermore, experimental results of removal efficiency are validated with the developed empirical model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dust%20particles" title="dust particles">dust particles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fly%20ash" title=" fly ash"> fly ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution%20control" title=" pollution control"> pollution control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-priming%20venturi%20scrubber" title=" self-priming venturi scrubber"> self-priming venturi scrubber</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97531/dust-particle-removal-from-air-in-a-self-priming-submerged-venturi-scrubber" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97531.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1032</span> Bone Mineral Density and Quality, Body Composition of Women in the Postmenopausal Period</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vladyslav%20Povoroznyuk">Vladyslav Povoroznyuk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oksana%20Ivanyk"> Oksana Ivanyk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nataliia%20Dzerovych"> Nataliia Dzerovych</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the diagnostics of osteoporosis, the gold standard is considered to be bone mineral density; however, X-ray densitometry is not an accurate indicator of osteoporotic fracture risk under all circumstances. In this regard, the search for new methods that could determine the indicators not only of the mineral density, but of the bone tissue quality, is a logical step for diagnostic optimization. One of these methods is the evaluation of trabecular bone quality. The aim of this study was to examine the quality and mineral density of spine bone tissue, femoral neck, and body composition of women depending on the duration of the postmenopausal period, to determine the correlation of body fat with indicators of bone mineral density and quality. The study examined 179 women in premenopausal and postmenopausal periods. The patients were divided into the following groups: Women in the premenopausal period and women in the postmenopausal period at various stages (early, middle, late postmenopause). A general examination and study of the above parameters were conducted with General Electric X-ray densitometer. The results show that bone quality and mineral density probably deteriorate with advancing of postmenopausal period. Total fat and lean mass ratio is not likely to change with age. In the middle and late postmenopausal periods, the bone tissue mineral density of the spine and femoral neck increases along with total fat mass. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osteoporosis" title="osteoporosis">osteoporosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bone%20tissue%20mineral%20density" title=" bone tissue mineral density"> bone tissue mineral density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bone%20quality" title=" bone quality"> bone quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fat%20mass" title=" fat mass"> fat mass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lean%20mass" title=" lean mass"> lean mass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postmenopausal%20osteoporosis" title=" postmenopausal osteoporosis"> postmenopausal osteoporosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66298/bone-mineral-density-and-quality-body-composition-of-women-in-the-postmenopausal-period" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66298.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">343</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1031</span> Evaluation and Provenance Studies of Heavy Mineral Deposits in Recent Sediment of Ologe Lagoon, South Western, Nigeria </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mayowa%20Philips%20Ibitola">Mayowa Philips Ibitola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akinade-Solomon%20Olorunfemi"> Akinade-Solomon Olorunfemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abe%20Oluwaseun%20Banji"> Abe Oluwaseun Banji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heavy minerals studies were carried out on eighteen sediment samples from Ologe lagoon located at Lagos Barrier complex, with the aim of evaluating the heavy mineral deposits and determining the provenance of the sediments. The samples were subjected to grain analysis techniques in order to collect the finest grain size. Separation of heavy minerals from the samples was done with the aid of bromoform to enable petrographic analyses of the heavy mineral suite, under the polarising microscope. The data obtained from the heavy mineral analysis were used in preparing histograms and pie chart, from which the individual heavy mineral percentage distribution and ZTR index were derived. The percentage composition of the individual heavy mineral analyzed are opaque mineral 63.92%, Zircon 12.43%, Tourmaline 5.79%, Rutile 13.44%, Garnet 1.74% and Staurolite 3.52%. The calculated zircon, tourmaline, rutile index in percentage (ZTR) varied between 76.13 -92.15%, average garnet-zircon index (GZI), average rutile-zircon index (RuZI) and average staurolite-zircon index values in all the stations are 16.18%, 54.33%, 25.11% respectively. The mean ZTR index percentage value is 85.17% indicates that the sediments within the lagoon are mineralogically matured. The high percentage of zircon, rutile, and tourmaline indicates an acid igneous rock source for the sediments. However, the low percentage of staurolite, rutile and garnet occurrence indicates sediment of metamorphic rock source input. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lagoon" title="lagoon">lagoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=provenance" title=" provenance"> provenance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20mineral" title=" heavy mineral"> heavy mineral</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZTR%20index" title=" ZTR index"> ZTR index</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90033/evaluation-and-provenance-studies-of-heavy-mineral-deposits-in-recent-sediment-of-ologe-lagoon-south-western-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90033.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1030</span> The Potential Effect of Biochar Application on Microbial Activities and Availability of Mineral Nitrogen in Arable Soil Stressed by Drought</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helena%20Dvo%C5%99%C3%A1%C4%8Dkov%C3%A1">Helena Dvořáčková</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jakub%20Elbl"> Jakub Elbl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irina%20Mikajlo"> Irina Mikajlo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anton%C3%ADn%20Kintl"> Antonín Kintl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaroslav%20Hyn%C5%A1t"> Jaroslav Hynšt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olga%20Urb%C3%A1nkov%C3%A1"> Olga Urbánková</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaroslav%20Z%C3%A1hora"> Jaroslav Záhora</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Application of biochar to arable soils represents a new approach to restore soil health and quality. Many studies reported the positive effect of biochar application on soil fertility and development of soil microbial community. Moreover biochar may affect the soil water retention, but this effect has not been sufficiently described yet. Therefore this study deals with the influence of biochar application on: microbial activities in soil, availability of mineral nitrogen in soil for microorganisms, mineral nitrogen retention and plant production. To demonstrate the effect of biochar addition on the above parameters, the pot experiment was realized. As a model crop, Lactuca sativa L. was used and cultivated from December 10th 2014 till March 22th 2015 in climate chamber in thoroughly homogenized arable soil with and without addition of biochar. Five variants of experiment (V1–V5) with different regime of irrigation were prepared. Variants V1–V2 were fertilized by mineral nitrogen, V3–V4 by biochar and V5 was a control. The significant differences were found only in plant production and mineral nitrogen retention. The highest content of mineral nitrogen in soil was detected in V1 and V2, about 250 % in comparison with the other variants. The positive effect of biochar application on soil fertility, mineral nitrogen availability was not found. On the other hand results of plant production indicate the possible positive effect of biochar application on soil water retention. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arable%20soil" title="arable soil">arable soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biochar" title=" biochar"> biochar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drought" title=" drought"> drought</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineral%20nitrogen" title=" mineral nitrogen"> mineral nitrogen</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33497/the-potential-effect-of-biochar-application-on-microbial-activities-and-availability-of-mineral-nitrogen-in-arable-soil-stressed-by-drought" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33497.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">426</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1029</span> Energy Saving of the Paint with Mineral Insulators: Simulation and Study on Different Climates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A.%20Azemati">A. A. Azemati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Hosseini"> H. Hosseini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Shirkavand%20Hadavand"> B. Shirkavand Hadavand</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> By using an adequate thermal barrier coating in buildings the energy saving will be happened. In this study, a range of wall paints with different absorption coefficient in different climates has been investigated. In order to study these effects, heating and cooling loads of a common building with different ordinary paints and paint with mineral coating have been calculated. The effect of building paint in different climatic condition was studied and comparison was done between ordinary paints and paint with mineral insulators in temperate climate to obtain optimized energy consumption. The results have been shown that coatings with inorganic micro particles as insulation reduce the energy consumption of buildings around 14%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate" title="climate">climate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20consumption" title=" energy consumption"> energy consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inorganic" title=" inorganic"> inorganic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineral%20coating" title=" mineral coating"> mineral coating</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42325/energy-saving-of-the-paint-with-mineral-insulators-simulation-and-study-on-different-climates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42325.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">268</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineral%20dust&page=2" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineral%20dust&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineral%20dust&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">3</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineral%20dust&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineral%20dust&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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