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class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-定義" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#定義"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>定義</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-定義-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-特點" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#特點"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>特點</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-特點-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-懸峙國會" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#懸峙國會"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>懸峙國會</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-懸峙國會-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关懸峙國會子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-懸峙國會-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-英國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#英國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>英國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-英國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-加拿大" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#加拿大"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>加拿大</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-加拿大-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-日本" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#日本"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>日本</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-日本-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-澳洲" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#澳洲"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>澳洲</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-澳洲-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-紐西蘭" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#紐西蘭"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>紐西蘭</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-紐西蘭-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-總統制國家" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#總統制國家"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>總統制國家</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-總統制國家-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关總統制國家子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-總統制國家-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-秘魯" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#秘魯"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>秘魯</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-秘魯-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-美國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#美國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>美國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-美國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-南韓" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#南韓"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>南韓</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-南韓-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-半總統制國家" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#半總統制國家"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>半總統制國家</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-半總統制國家-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关半總統制國家子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-半總統制國家-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-法國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#法國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>法國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-法國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-中華民國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中華民國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>中華民國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中華民國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-羅馬尼亞" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#羅馬尼亞"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>羅馬尼亞</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-羅馬尼亞-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>參見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">少數派政府</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。37种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minderheidskabinet" title="Minderheidskabinet – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Minderheidskabinet" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%82%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="حكومة الأقلية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حكومة الأقلية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Men%C5%A1inov%C3%A1_vl%C3%A1da" title="Menšinová vláda – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Menšinová vláda" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindretalsregering" title="Mindretalsregering – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mindretalsregering" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minderheitsregierung" title="Minderheitsregierung – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Minderheitsregierung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minority_government" title="Minority government – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Minority government" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minoritata_registaro" title="Minoritata registaro – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Minoritata registaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobierno_en_minor%C3%ADa" title="Gobierno en minoría – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gobierno en minoría" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4hemusvalitsus" title="Vähemusvalitsus – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vähemusvalitsus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4hemmist%C3%B6hallitus" title="Vähemmistöhallitus – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vähemmistöhallitus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gouvernement_minoritaire" title="Gouvernement minoritaire – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gouvernement minoritaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%98" title="ממשלת מיעוט – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ממשלת מיעוט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="अल्पमत सरकार – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अल्पमत सरकार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisebbs%C3%A9gi_korm%C3%A1ny" title="Kisebbségi kormány – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kisebbségi kormány" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemerintahan_minoritas" title="Pemerintahan minoritas – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pemerintahan minoritas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnihlutastj%C3%B3rn" title="Minnihlutastjórn – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Minnihlutastjórn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governo_di_minoranza" title="Governo di minoranza – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Governo di minoranza" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%91%E6%95%B0%E4%B8%8E%E5%85%9A%E6%94%BF%E6%A8%A9" title="少数与党政権 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="少数与党政権" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C5%BEumos_vyriausyb%C4%97" title="Mažumos vyriausybė – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mažumos vyriausybė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemerintahan_minoriti" title="Pemerintahan minoriti – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pemerintahan minoriti" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnerheitsregeeren" title="Minnerheitsregeeren – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Minnerheitsregeeren" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="अल्पमतको सरकार – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अल्पमतको सरकार" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minderheidsregering" title="Minderheidsregering – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Minderheidsregering" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindretalsregjering" title="Mindretalsregjering – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mindretalsregjering" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindretallsregjering" title="Mindretallsregjering – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mindretallsregjering" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rz%C4%85d_mniejszo%C5%9Bciowy" title="Rząd mniejszościowy – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rząd mniejszościowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governo_minorit%C3%A1rio" title="Governo minoritário – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Governo minoritário" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Правительство меньшинства – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Правительство меньшинства" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manjinska_vlada" title="Manjinska vlada – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Manjinska vlada" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Men%C5%A1inov%C3%A1_vl%C3%A1da" title="Menšinová vláda – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Menšinová vláda" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manj%C5%A1inska_vlada" title="Manjšinska vlada – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Manjšinska vlada" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Мањинска влада – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мањинска влада" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minoritetsregering" title="Minoritetsregering – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Minoritetsregering" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2" title="รัฐบาลเสียงข้างน้อย – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐบาลเสียงข้างน้อย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Az%C4%B1nl%C4%B1k_h%C3%BCk%C3%BBmeti" title="Azınlık hükûmeti – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Azınlık hükûmeti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96" title="Уряд меншості – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" 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class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="padding-bottom:0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Category:政治">系列条目</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#ededed;padding-bottom:0;font-size:200%;font-weight:normal;color:white;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="政治">政治</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0.4em 0 0.4em;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="投票箱" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/70px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/105px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, 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</div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:white;color:#3A5FCD;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E4%BD%93" title="政体">政治体系</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="无政府主义">无政府主义</a></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E9%82%A6" title="城邦">城邦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB" title="民主">民主制</a></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="联盟制" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Federacy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F%E5%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="联盟制（页面不存在）">联盟制</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federacy" class="extiw" title="en:Federacy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Federacy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E5%BB%BA%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6_(%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2)" title="封建制度 (歐洲)">封建制</a></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%AC%E8%A3%81%E6%94%BF%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="独裁政体">独裁制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="委员会制">委员会制</a></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E8%8B%B1%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="精英政治">精英政治</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%B6" title="君主制">君主制</a></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="议会制">议会制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%88%B6" title="总统制">总统制</a></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%88%B6" title="半总统制">半总统制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E6%9D%83%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="神权政治">神权政治</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:white;color:#3A5FCD;">学术门类</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div style="padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em; line-height:1.15em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="政治学">政治学</a><br /><small>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6" title="政治学家">政治学家</a>）</small></div></li> <li><div style="padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em; line-height:1.15em;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E5%AD%B8" title="國際關係學">國際關係學</a><br /><small>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="國際關係理論">理论</a>）</small></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="比较政治学">比较政治学</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:white;color:#3A5FCD;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%AD%A6" title="公共行政学">公共行政</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E5%83%9A%E5%88%B6" title="官僚制">官僚制</a><small>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%B1%82%E5%AE%98%E5%83%9A" title="基层官僚">基层</a>）</small></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="灵活组织机构" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Adhocracy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%81%B5%E6%B4%BB%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="灵活组织机构（页面不存在）">灵活组织机构</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adhocracy" class="extiw" title="en:Adhocracy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Adhocracy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:white;color:#3A5FCD;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" title="政策">政策</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" title="公共政策">公共政策</a><small>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="公共政策原则" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Public policy doctrine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="公共政策原则（页面不存在）">原则</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_policy_doctrine" class="extiw" title="en:Public policy doctrine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Public policy doctrine</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</small></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E7%9C%BE%E5%88%A9%E7%9B%8A" title="公眾利益">公共利益</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" title="外交政策">外交政策</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:white;color:#3A5FCD;">政府机构</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%8A%E5%8A%9B%E5%88%86%E7%AB%8B" title="權力分立">权力分立</a></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3" title="立法机关">立法机构</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3" title="行政机关">行政机构</a></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E6%A9%9F%E9%97%9C" title="司法機關">司法机构</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83" title="選舉委員會">选举机构</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:white;color:#3A5FCD;">相关主题</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%AC%8A" title="主權">主權</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="政治行为理论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Theories of political behavior"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%BA%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="政治行为理论（页面不存在）">政治行为理论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theories_of_political_behavior" class="extiw" title="en:Theories of political behavior"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Theories of political behavior</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="政治心理學">政治心理学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="生理与政治导向" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Biology and political orientation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E4%B8%8E%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AF%BC%E5%90%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生理与政治导向（页面不存在）">生理与政治导向</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biology_and_political_orientation" class="extiw" title="en:Biology and political orientation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Biology and political orientation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="政治組織">政治組織</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:white;color:#3A5FCD;">下属系列</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%95%E7%A5%A8%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="投票制度">选举制度</a></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="选举">选举</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%95%E7%A5%A8" title="投票">投票</a>）</li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="联邦主义">联邦主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="政府">政府</a></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E8%AD%98%E5%BD%A2%E6%85%8B" title="意識形態">意識形態</a></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%85%9A" title="政党">政党</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="padding-top:0.1em;font-weight:bold;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Portal:政治">政治主题</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics" title="Template:Politics"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics" title="Template talk:Politics"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Politics" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Politics"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>少數派政府</b>（英語：<span lang="en">Minority government</span>），又称<b>少数派内阁</b>，是指<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%B7%E6%94%BF%E9%BB%A8" title="執政黨">執政黨</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%B7%E6%94%BF%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="執政聯盟">執政聯盟</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="議會">議會</a>未獲過半數席次下組成<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E9%96%A3" title="內閣">內閣</a>的政府型態，又稱「<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%B7%E6%94%BF%E9%BB%A8" title="執政黨">朝</a>小<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E9%87%8E%E9%BB%A8" title="在野黨">野</a>大</b>」。一般而言，少數派政府施政效率較差、組成也不如<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E6%95%B8%E6%B4%BE%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="多數派政府">多數派政府</a>穩定，因為<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E9%87%8E%E9%BB%A8" title="在野黨">在野黨</a>擁有足夠的席次否決政府提出的法案或人事議案、預算案等，甚至以<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%BB%E5%8B%95%E8%AD%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="不信任動議">不信任動議</a>做為威脅手段以阻擋政府的某些政策；也正因如此，少數派政府往往處於弱勢，需要在不同黨派之間尋求妥協，以確保施政順利。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="定義"><span id=".E5.AE.9A.E7.BE.A9"></span>定義</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%91%E6%95%B8%E6%B4%BE%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：定義"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83%E5%88%B6" title="議會制">議會制</a>政體，少數派政府為執政黨的議席不過半，但得到部份<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E9%87%8E%E9%BB%A8" title="在野黨">在野黨</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%BB%E4%BE%9B%E7%BB%99" title="信任供给">信任供给</a>而達到相對的簡單多數來維持運作；與<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="聯合政府">聯合政府</a>不同的是，信任供給的在野黨并不直接參與組織政府<sup id="cite_ref-UK_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UK-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="特點"><span id=".E7.89.B9.E9.BB.9E"></span>特點</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%91%E6%95%B8%E6%B4%BE%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：特點"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>執政黨掌握行政權，但在議會無法取得過半席位</li> <li>在野黨掌握立法權，即使無法成為執政黨，但可以阻礙政府推行政策和財政預算</li> <li>行政權和立法權對立，形成互相制衡</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="懸峙國會"><span id=".E6.87.B8.E5.B3.99.E5.9C.8B.E6.9C.83"></span>懸峙國會</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%91%E6%95%B8%E6%B4%BE%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：懸峙國會"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E6%87%B8%E5%B3%99%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="懸峙國會">懸峙國會</a></div> <p>「懸峙國會」是指在採取<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83%E5%88%B6" title="議會制">議會制</a>的政體，選後沒有任一黨派取得絕對多數議席的情況；此時，通常會由席次最多的政黨出面尋求理念相近的黨派組建<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="聯合政府">聯合政府</a>。由於內閣制之下政府的組成本身就需要獲得議會多數支持，因此在議會制中所指的少數派政府並不是指聯合政府未獲議會多數支持，而是指<b>執政聯盟席次加總未能取得絕對多數</b>。這種型態的政府因為本身屈居少數的劣勢地位而多半不穩定，如果與其他信任供給的在野黨之間信任度不足，很容易就發生在表決法案時「倒戈」的狀況，嚴重的話甚至可能演變為<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E9%96%A3%E6%94%B9%E7%B5%84" title="內閣改組">內閣改組</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%92%E9%96%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="倒閣">倒閣</a>；也往往為了謀求議會支持而不斷修正原本的執政路線。 </p><p>懸峙國會通常在採取<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E4%BE%8B%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%88%B6" title="比例代表制">比例代表制</a>的地區較容易發生。這是因為在大部分<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%95%8F%E5%88%B6" title="西敏制">西敏制</a>的地區，每個選區以<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E6%95%B8%E5%88%B6" title="多數制">簡單多數制</a>選出1名議員，有利兩大政黨囊括大部分議席，不利較小政黨，故懸峙國會出現的機會較低。例如英國的工黨在<a href="/wiki/2005%E5%B9%B4%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%89" title="2005年英国大选">2005年英国大选</a>全國僅取得35%票數，但取得的議席百分比為55%，仍可以繼續單獨執政。而在歐洲，採取比例代表制的國家，如<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="丹麥">丹麥</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81" title="挪威">挪威</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8" title="瑞典">瑞典</a>等，少數派聯合政府則是常態，政黨包括反對黨會在閣外支持執政黨。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="英國"><span id=".E8.8B.B1.E5.9C.8B"></span>英國</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%91%E6%95%B8%E6%B4%BE%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：英國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a>作為傳統的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%95%8F%E5%88%B6" title="西敏制">西敏制</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A9%E9%BB%A8%E5%88%B6" title="兩黨制">兩黨制</a>國家，過去甚少出現聯合政府，自20世紀後多次出現少數政府，例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8_(%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B)" class="mw-redirect" title="工黨 (英國)">工黨</a>在1920年代兩次短暫執政的時期皆是少數派政府，並獲<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E9%BB%A8_(%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B)" class="mw-redirect" title="自由黨 (英國)">自由黨</a>在閣外支持。<a href="/wiki/1974%E5%B9%B42%E6%9C%88%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%B8" title="1974年2月英國大選">1974年2月舉行的英國大選</a>后，工黨亦獲自由黨支持，組建少數政府，直至同年10月，工黨<a href="/wiki/1974%E5%B9%B410%E6%9C%88%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%B8" title="1974年10月英國大選">勝出大選</a>，再次組建多數黨政府。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/2010%E5%B9%B4%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%B8" title="2010年英國大選">2010年英國大選</a>，執政<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8_(%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B)" class="mw-redirect" title="工黨 (英國)">工黨</a>和在野<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%88%E9%BB%A8_(%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B)" title="保守黨 (英國)">保守黨</a>均未能取得過<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%8B%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="英國下議院">英國下議院</a>過半數議席，出現36年以來首次的懸峙國會，各黨派在大選後商討籌組<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="聯合政府">聯合政府</a>。最終保守黨和下議院第三大黨<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E9%BB%A8_(%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B)" class="mw-redirect" title="自由民主黨 (英國)">自由民主黨</a>組建聯合政府。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/2017%E5%B9%B4%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%B8" title="2017年英國大選">2017年英國大選</a>，保守黨選舉失利，失去下議院的多數，最終與<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE%E8%98%AD%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E9%BB%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="北愛爾蘭民主統一黨">北愛爾蘭民主統一黨</a>達成協議，組建少數派政府<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="加拿大"><span id=".E5.8A.A0.E6.8B.BF.E5.A4.A7"></span>加拿大</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%91%E6%95%B8%E6%B4%BE%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：加拿大"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a>，不論是聯邦和省政府，經常出現少數派政府，聯邦政府方面，包括1957－1958年、1962－1968年、1972－1974年、1979－1980年、2004－2011年及2019年至今出現少數派政府，少數派政府壽命平均只有18個月，而<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%92%82%E8%8A%AC%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E7%8F%80" title="史蒂芬·哈珀">史蒂芬·哈珀</a>領導兩年半的少數派政府則實屬例外（若計算兩屆任期，其少數派政府則長達五年三個月）。由於不信任動議足以拖垮少數派政府，少數派政府的任期一般較短。少數派政府的總理也會被迫較頻繁地提早大選，其中一個原因是希望在選舉取得過半議席以繼續執政，而加拿大的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%80%E5%8D%95%E5%A4%9A%E6%95%B0%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="简单多数制">簡單多數制</a>選舉制度有利於<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E9%BB%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="加拿大自由黨">自由黨</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%88%E9%BB%A8" title="加拿大保守黨">保守黨</a>，兩黨得以在過去150多年輪流執政，包括兩黨各自的少數政府時期，而自由黨和保守黨皆希望單獨執政，儘量不會與<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A6%E6%B4%BE" title="左派">左派</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E6%96%B0%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="加拿大新民主党">新民主黨</a>及主張<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%81%E5%8C%97%E5%85%8B%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="魁北克独立">魁北克獨立</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%81%E4%BA%BA%E6%94%BF%E5%9C%98" title="魁人政團">魁人政團</a>組建<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="聯合政府">聯合政府</a>。新民主黨多數支持意識形態相近的自由黨少數政府，但魁人政團就比較<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="機會主義">機會主義</a>，即是既可以支持自由黨也可以支持保守黨，只要能給到<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%81%E5%8C%97%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="魁北克">魁北克</a>更多好處，魁人政團就支持那一黨，所以少數政府經常出現。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="日本"><span id=".E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC"></span>日本</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%91%E6%95%B8%E6%B4%BE%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：日本"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>自<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98" title="第二次世界大战">二戰</a>後形成「<a href="/wiki/55%E5%B9%B4%E9%AB%94%E5%88%B6" title="55年體制">55年體制</a>」，即1955年起由<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="自由民主党 (日本)">自民黨</a>長期執政的政治格局，不過自民黨並未能獲得<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="國會 (日本)">國會</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%97%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="众议院 (日本)">眾議院</a>的三分之二絕對多數，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%83%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="參議院 (日本)">參議院</a>更是自1989年起無法過半（僅在2016－2019年除外），因此自1999年起，自民黨與<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%98%8E%E9%BB%A8" title="公明黨">公明黨</a>組建<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%85%AC%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="自公聯合政府">自公聯合政府</a>。由於兩黨席次向來差距甚大，彼此之間並不是處於實力對等的狀態，因此依照慣例由自民黨出任首相與大多數閣員，公明黨則會保有至少一席的閣員位置。 </p><p>2024年<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC50%E5%B1%86%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%9C%BE%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2%E8%AD%B0%E5%93%A1%E7%B8%BD%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="第50屆日本眾議院議員總選舉">眾議院選舉</a>中，自公聯合政府雖然仍然獲得最多議席，但未能取得過半數，<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E7%A0%B4%E8%8C%82" title="石破茂">石破茂</a>在隨後的<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E9%98%81%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3%E6%8C%87%E5%90%8D%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE" title="内阁总理大臣指名选举">內閣總理大臣指名選舉</a>中成功連任，將領導少數派政府。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="澳洲"><span id=".E6.BE.B3.E6.B4.B2"></span>澳洲</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%91%E6%95%B8%E6%B4%BE%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：澳洲"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="澳大利亞">澳大利亞</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A" title="澳大利亚国会">澳大利亞國會</a>參眾兩院一直權力均等，但<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86" title="澳大利亞總理">澳大利亞總理</a>是由眾議院選出，執政黨亦需要在眾議院維持多數才可以繼續執政。參議院因是<a href="/wiki/%E8%A4%87%E6%95%B8%E9%81%B8%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="複數選區">複數選區</a>比例代表制，因此主要政黨長期難以單獨過半，需要與其他政黨協商通過法案。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/2010%E5%B9%B4%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="2010年澳大利亞聯邦大選">2010年澳洲聯邦大選</a>後，<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="澳大利亞工黨">澳大利亞工黨</a>選舉失利，失去眾議院的多數，形成懸峙國會，最終獲<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%BB%BF%E5%85%9A" title="澳大利亚绿党">澳大利亞綠黨</a>及數名獨立議員支持，組建少數派聯合政府。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="紐西蘭"><span id=".E7.B4.90.E8.A5.BF.E8.98.AD"></span>紐西蘭</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%91%E6%95%B8%E6%B4%BE%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：紐西蘭"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%A5%BF%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="新西蘭">新西蘭</a>在1996年採行<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E7%AB%8B%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="聯立制">聯立制</a>後，兩大主要政黨<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%B0%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%9A" title="新西兰工党">工黨</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%B0%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%9A" title="新西兰国家党">國家黨</a>均難以單獨取得過半數議席，而需要與其他小黨組建<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="聯合政府">聯合政府</a>。大部分時候，席次最多的政黨會尋求握有關鍵席次的小黨結盟，但2017年－2020年間第一次<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%91%E8%BE%9B%E9%81%94%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%BE%B7%E6%81%A9" title="傑辛達·阿德恩">阿爾登</a>內閣卻是意外的由第一大黨以外的政黨聯合組閣，當時席次最多的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B3%E7%BF%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="右翼">右翼</a>主要政黨國家黨與<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E5%8F%B3%E7%BF%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="極右翼">極右翼</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%A5%BF%E8%98%AD%E5%84%AA%E5%85%88%E9%BB%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="新西蘭優先黨">新西蘭優先黨</a>談判破局，導致優先黨倒戈加入<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A6%E7%BF%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="左翼">左翼</a>的工黨政府，形成左右翼聯合執政的罕見局面。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="總統制國家"><span id=".E7.B8.BD.E7.B5.B1.E5.88.B6.E5.9C.8B.E5.AE.B6"></span>總統制國家</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%91%E6%95%B8%E6%B4%BE%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：總統制國家"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>與<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83%E5%88%B6" title="議會制">議會制</a>不同，在<a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="總統制">總統制</a>國家，由於<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%AC%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="行政權">行政權</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%9D%83" class="mw-redirect" title="立法权">立法權</a>互不隸屬，少數派政府指的是執政黨在議會無法取得絕對多數席次，形成朝小野大的態勢。此時少數派政府並不一定會趨居劣勢，特別是在<a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="總統制">總統制</a>的國家，通常會發生政府、議會兩方互相對抗的情形；一旦陷入僵局，將可能導致<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E6%9D%83" class="mw-redirect" title="司法权">司法權</a>介入，嚴重的話甚至會引發<a href="/wiki/%E6%86%B2%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%B1%E6%A9%9F" title="憲政危機">憲政危機</a>。在實行<a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="總統制">總統制</a>的國家中，總統領導的政府屬於<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%B7%E6%94%BF%E9%BB%A8" title="執政黨">執政黨</a>，反對黨僅能在國會起監督和制衡作用。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="秘魯"><span id=".E7.A7.98.E9.AD.AF"></span>秘魯</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%91%E6%95%B8%E6%B4%BE%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：秘魯"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%98%E9%AD%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="秘魯">秘魯</a>是總統制國家，<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A_(%E7%A7%98%E9%B2%81)" class="mw-redirect" title="国会 (秘鲁)">國會</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E4%BE%8B%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%88%B6" title="比例代表制">比例代表制</a>產生。 </p><p>第18屆秘魯國會中<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="祕魯人變革" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Peruvians for Change"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%95%E9%AD%AF%E4%BA%BA%E8%AE%8A%E9%9D%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="祕魯人變革（页面不存在）">祕魯人變革</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruvians_for_Change" class="extiw" title="en:Peruvians for Change"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Peruvians for Change</span></a></span>）</span></span>只佔<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A_(%E7%A7%98%E9%B2%81)" class="mw-redirect" title="国会 (秘鲁)">國會</a>130席中的15席，但仍有執政黨的地位），但<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%98%E9%B2%81%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="秘鲁国会">秘魯國會</a>由反對黨控制，意味總統施政時必須與國會協商、甚至屈服於國會方能執行政策，例如執政黨同意通過經反對黨協商的預算案，但一般須增加公共开支。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="美國"><span id=".E7.BE.8E.E5.9C.8B"></span>美國</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%91%E6%95%B8%E6%B4%BE%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：美國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>美國因為總統與國會任期交錯的關係，加上國會的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%AD%E6%9C%9F%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="美國中期選舉">期中選舉</a>制度，總統與國會分屬不同政黨掌控的情況可說是十分常見。然而因為<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="美国总统">美国总统</a>本身擁有相當大的行政權力，且《<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95" title="美国宪法">憲法</a>》的設計本來就是要讓總統與國會相互制衡，因此這樣的局面並不會讓總統領導的行政權處於弱勢，相反的常是處於雙方分庭抗禮的狀態，甚至出現過數次因預算問題<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="美國聯邦政府">聯邦政府</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A" title="美国国会">聯邦國會</a>互不相讓，導致<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E5%81%9C%E6%93%BA" title="美國政府停擺">美國政府停擺</a>的狀況。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="南韓"><span id=".E5.8D.97.E9.9F.93"></span>南韓</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%91%E6%95%B8%E6%B4%BE%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：南韓"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%A9%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="大韩民国">大韩民国</a>於1987年民主化之後，因為總統任期和國會任期交錯（總統5年、國會4年）的緣故，以及因《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95" title="大韓民國憲法">憲法</a>》要求總統保持超黨派地位等因素，歷屆總統少有能穩定掌握國會多數者。韓國的政治體制偏向<a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="總統制">總統制</a>，總理必需經由國會同意任命，而國會各個政黨間又時常發生議員脫黨、跑票或是政黨改組、合併等情事，再加上總統任期僅五年且不得連任，因此歷來的執政黨幾乎都是處於少數執政的狀態；僅有在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%98%8E%E5%8D%9A%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="李明博政府">李明博政府</a>（2009－2013）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B4%E6%A7%BF%E6%83%A0%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="朴槿惠政府">朴槿惠政府</a>初期（2013－2016）以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%9C%A8%E5%AF%85%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="文在寅政府">文在寅政府</a>後期（2020－2022）是由總統領導的執政黨掌握國會多數，其餘時間皆為少數政府，總統難以取得國會信任，施政經常受阻，甚至面臨被<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B9%E5%8A%BE" title="弹劾">弹劾</a>的局面（<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%AD%A6%E9%89%89" title="盧武鉉">盧武鉉</a>即是因之被國會彈劾）。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="半總統制國家"><span id=".E5.8D.8A.E7.B8.BD.E7.B5.B1.E5.88.B6.E5.9C.8B.E5.AE.B6"></span>半總統制國家</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%91%E6%95%B8%E6%B4%BE%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：半總統制國家"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="法國"><span id=".E6.B3.95.E5.9C.8B"></span>法國</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%91%E6%95%B8%E6%B4%BE%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：法國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a>，自1958年第五共和成立以來實行<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="半總統制">半總統制</a>，由於<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="法國總統">總統</a>擁有任免總理和解散國會的權力，故可反制衡國會權力，但總統須通過總理和維持執政黨掌握的多數席位才能維持執政。因總統和國會任期不相同，2002年以前總統任期是七年，參議院九年，國民議會五年，因而曾經出現三次左右共治的局面，但第五共和大部分時期單一政黨均能控制國會。1986至1988年，1993至1995年和1997至2002年是左右共治時期。而1988至1993年和2022年至今，執政黨是國會最大政黨，但並未掌握多數，須與反對黨協商通過法案。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="中華民國"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E8.8F.AF.E6.B0.91.E5.9C.8B"></span>中華民國</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%91%E6%95%B8%E6%B4%BE%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：中華民國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E5%A2%9E%E4%BF%AE%E6%A2%9D%E6%96%87#第四次增修" title="中華民國憲法增修條文">第四次修憲</a>之後偏向<a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="總統制">總統制</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E9%99%A2%E9%99%A2%E9%95%B7" title="行政院院長">行政院院長</a>（相當於其他國家的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="總理">內閣總理</a>）由總統直接任命，毋須再經由國會同意，因此開啟出現少數政府的可能。第一次少數政府出現於2000年5月至2008年5月<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E6%B0%B4%E6%89%81%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="陳水扁政府">陳水扁政府</a>執政期間，因反對黨結盟且席次過半，因此出現少數政府的情況，在野的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E8%A6%AA%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="國親聯盟">國親聯盟</a>曾封殺不少政府提出的重要議案和法案，包括向<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%B0%8D%E5%8F%B0%E8%BB%8D%E5%94%AE" title="美國對台軍售">採購軍備</a>的預算案、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2%E5%A4%A7%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%98" title="司法院大法官">大法官</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A3%E5%AF%9F%E9%99%A2" title="監察院">監察委員</a>的人事同意案、以及推動<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%89%E5%9E%8B%E6%AD%A3%E7%BE%A9" title="轉型正義">轉型正義</a>的相關法律等。 </p><p>第二次的少數政府則是出現於2016年2月1日至5月20日期間的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E8%8B%B1%E4%B9%9D%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="馬英九政府">馬英九政府</a>，因<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E9%BB%A8%E8%BC%AA%E6%9B%BF" title="政黨輪替">政黨輪替</a>的過渡期間而產生<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%8B%E5%AE%88%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="看守政府">看守政府</a>。改選後<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="立法院">立法院</a>任期於2月1日開始，2016年贏得執政權的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E9%80%B2%E6%AD%A5%E9%BB%A8" title="民主進步黨">民進黨</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B9%9D%E5%B1%86%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="第九屆立法院">第9屆立法院</a>擁有過半席次，而總統當選人<a href="/wiki/%E8%94%A1%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87" title="蔡英文">蔡英文</a>在同年5月20日才正式上任。在此期間，時任總統<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E8%8B%B1%E4%B9%9D" title="馬英九">馬英九</a>曾提議由多數黨組閣，不過因過去無此<a href="/wiki/%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E6%85%A3%E4%BE%8B" title="憲法慣例">憲政慣例</a>且恐與憲法<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%8A%E5%8A%9B%E5%88%86%E7%AB%8B" title="權力分立">權力分立</a>設計產生衝突，因此未獲民進黨同意。 </p><p>第三次少數政府則出現在2024年2月1日至5月20日看守的<a href="/wiki/%E8%94%A1%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="蔡英文政府">蔡英文政府</a>及之後的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%B4%E6%B8%85%E5%BE%B7%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="賴清德政府">賴清德政府</a>，由於執政的民進黨無法在<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E5%B1%86%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="第十一屆立法院">第11屆立法院</a>取得過半席位，因此再度出現少數政府的情況。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="羅馬尼亞"><span id=".E7.BE.85.E9.A6.AC.E5.B0.BC.E4.BA.9E"></span>羅馬尼亞</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%91%E6%95%B8%E6%B4%BE%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：羅馬尼亞"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞">羅馬尼亞</a>，總統和國會共同分享權力，一旦未能達成共識，國會可以<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%88%E5%8A%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="彈劾">彈劾</a>總統迫使其下台，一旦總統所屬的政黨在國會並非多數，國會由<a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="總理">總理</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%B0%8D%E9%BB%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="反對黨">反對黨</a>主導，並與總統關係緊張並兩度通過彈劾總統，但彈劾總統的決議案只要在<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E6%8A%95%E7%A5%A8" title="公民投票">公民投票</a>無法通過，總統才得以保住職權。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.A6.8B"></span>參見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%91%E6%95%B8%E6%B4%BE%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：參見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E9%BB%A8%E8%BC%AA%E6%9B%BF" title="政黨輪替">政黨輪替</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%87%B8%E5%B3%99%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83" title="懸峙議會">懸峙議會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="聯合政府">聯合政府</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="大聯合政府">大聯合政府</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E6%95%B8%E6%B4%BE%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="多數派政府">多數派政府</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%91%E6%95%B8%E6%B4%BE%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-UK-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UK_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.uk/site-information/glossary/minority-government/">Minority government</a>. parliament.uk. UK parliament. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-12-28</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220627050530/https://www.parliament.uk/site-information/glossary/minority-government/">存档</a>于2022-06-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B0%91%E6%95%B8%E6%B4%BE%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&rft.atitle=Minority+government&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=parliament.uk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.uk%2Fsite-information%2Fglossary%2Fminority-government%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/17/6/14/n9266912.htm">英國保守黨成為少數派政府首相怎麼辦？</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20171107021200/http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/17/6/14/n9266912.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） 02-11-2017 大紀元</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">倪炎元. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?docid=15601696-201404-201406240012-201406240012-37-77">南韓「總統制」下總統與國會的對抗僵局.</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210908111834/https://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?docid=15601696-201404-201406240012-201406240012-37-77">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）遠景基金會季刊. 15卷2期（2014-04-01）. 頁37—77.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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5em">联盟光谱</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px;"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="font-weight:bold;">政府类别</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">执政党</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">反对党</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:left;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">少數派政府</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%BB%E4%BE%9B%E7%BB%99" title="信任供给">信任供给</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="聯合政府">彩虹政府</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="聯合政府">全面政府</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E6%95%B8%E6%B4%BE%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="多數派政府">多數派政府</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="大聯合政府">大聯合政府</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="国民团结政府" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="National unity government"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%98%E7%B5%90%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="國民團結政府">国民团结政府</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_unity_government" class="extiw" title="en:National unity government"><span lang="en" dir="auto">National unity government</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="共识政府" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Consensus government"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%B1%E8%AF%86%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="共识政府（页面不存在）">共识政府</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_government" class="extiw" title="en:Consensus government"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Consensus government</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:left;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ff0000; color:black;"> ∘ </span></li> <li><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ff0000; color:black;"> ∘ </span> ⇐ <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#f79646; color:black;"> ∘ </span></li> <li><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ff0000; color:black;"> ∘ </span>—<span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#f79646; color:black;"> ∘ </span>—<span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ffc000; color:black;"> ∘ </span>—<span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#00b050; color:black;"> ∘ </span></li> <li><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ff0000; color:black;"> ∘ </span>—<span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#00b050; color:black;"> ∘ </span></li> <li><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ff0000; color:black;"> o </span></li> <li><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ff0000; color:black;"> o </span>—<span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#7030a0; color:white;"> o </span></li> <li><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ff0000; color:black;"> o </span>—<span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#00b050; color:black;"> o </span>—<span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#7030a0; color:white;"> o </span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E5%85%9A%E5%88%B6%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB" title="无党制民主">无党派</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:left;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#f79646; color:black;"> ∘ </span> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ffc000; color:black;"> ∘ </span> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#00b050; color:black;"> ∘ </span> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#00b0f0; color:black;"> ∘ </span> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#0070c0; color:white;"> ∘ </span> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#7030a0; color:white;"> ∘ </span></li> <li><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ffffff; color:black;color:white;"> ∘ </span> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ffc000; color:black;"> ∘ </span> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#00b050; color:black;"> ∘ </span> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#00b0f0; color:black;"> ∘ </span> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#0070c0; color:white;"> ∘ </span> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#7030a0; color:white;"> ∘ </span></li> <li><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ffffff; color:black;color:white;"> ∘ </span> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ffffff; color:black;color:white;"> ∘ </span> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ffffff; color:black;color:white;"> ∘ </span> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#00b0f0; color:black;"> ∘ </span> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#0070c0; color:white;"> ∘ </span> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#7030a0; color:white;"> ∘ </span></li> <li><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#f79646; color:black;"> ∘ </span> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ffc000; color:black;"> ∘ </span> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ffffff; color:black;color:white;"> ∘ </span> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#00b0f0; color:black;"> ∘ </span> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#0070c0; color:white;"> ∘ </span> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#7030a0; color:white;"> ∘ </span></li> <li><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#f79646; color:black;"> ∘ </span> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ffc000; color:black;"> ∘ </span> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#00b050; color:black;"> ∘ </span> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#00b0f0; color:black;"> ∘ </span> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#0070c0; color:white;"> ∘ </span> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#7030a0; color:white;"> ∘ </span></li> <li><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#f79646; color:black;"> ∘ </span> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ffc000; color:black;"> ∘ </span> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#00b050; color:black;"> ∘ </span> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#00b0f0; color:black;"> ∘ </span> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#0070c0; color:white;"> ∘ </span> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ffffff; color:black;color:white;"> ∘ </span></li> <li><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#f79646; color:black;"> ∘ </span> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ffc000; color:black;"> ∘ </span> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ffffff; color:black;color:white;"> ∘ </span> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#00b0f0; color:black;"> ∘ </span> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#0070c0; color:white;"> ∘ </span> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ffffff; color:black;color:white;"> ∘ </span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E5%85%9A%E5%88%B6%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB" title="无党制民主">无党派</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=少數派政府&oldid=84953606">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=少數派政府&oldid=84953606</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="Category:政府">政府</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">隐藏分类：<ul><li><a 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