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With the possible exception of <a href="/wiki/Flat_Earth" title="Flat Earth">Flat Earthism</a>, there is no greater affront to science than <a href="/wiki/Young_Earth_creationism" title="Young Earth creationism">Young Earth creationism</a> (YEC). </p><p>This article collects evidences that place a <i>lower</i> limit on the age of the Universe beyond the 6,000 to 10,000 years asserted by most Young Earth creationists (YECs) and the <a href="/wiki/Biblical_literalism" title="Biblical literalism">literalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Ussher_chronology" class="mw-redirect" title="Ussher chronology">Ussher chronology</a>. All of this evidence supports <a href="/wiki/Deep_time" title="Deep time">deep time</a>: the idea, considered credible by scientists since the early 1800s, that the <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a> (and the Universe) is millions or billions of years old. Modern science accepts that the <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a> is about 4.54 billion years old and the entire <a href="/wiki/Universe" title="Universe">universe</a> is around 13.77 billion years old. </p><p>These limits usually take the form: "Because we observe [X], which occurs at rate [Y], the universe must be <i>at least</i> [Z] years old". There are three standard creationist responses: First, creationists assert that current rates (Y) are different than past rates. It is <i>possible</i> that these rates changed — but under <a href="/wiki/Uniformitarianism" title="Uniformitarianism">uniformitarianism</a>, which is necessary for science to function, <a href="/wiki/Occam%27s_razor" title="Occam's razor">we must assume that rates did not change <i>unless</i> there is evidence for this change</a>. Second, creationists appeal to the <a href="/wiki/Omphalos_hypothesis" title="Omphalos hypothesis">Omphalos hypothesis</a> and argue that <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a> <a href="/wiki/Problem_of_evil" title="Problem of evil">deceptively</a> created the world to appear old. This is an <a href="/wiki/Falsifiability" title="Falsifiability">unfalsifiable</a> hypothesis, and is unscientific. Third, creationists <a href="/wiki/Willful_ignorance" title="Willful ignorance">ignore the evidence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Denialism" title="Denialism">deny that [X] exists altogether</a> or assert that <a href="/wiki/Blind_faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Blind faith">belief in a Young Earth is based on faith, not science</a>. All of these answers are critically flawed. </p><p>These ages weren't <a href="/wiki/PIDOOMA" title="PIDOOMA">just made up</a> — or, worse, <a href="/wiki/Evolution_conspiracy" title="Evolution conspiracy">accepted to "give evolution enough time"</a>. Each was concluded from a range of experiments and observations made across multiple disciplines of science, including <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geology" title="Geology">geology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">biology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palaeontology" class="mw-redirect" title="Palaeontology">palaeontology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geomorphology" class="mw-redirect" title="Geomorphology">geomorphology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a>. For YEC to be true, each of these fields would have to be incorrect about <i>almost everything</i>. Some of these reported ages have indeed been revised based on new evidence (sometimes larger, sometimes smaller), but <i>never</i> to the <a href="/wiki/Statements_that_are_wrong_on_the_level_of_a_Young_Earth" class="mw-redirect" title="Statements that are wrong on the level of a Young Earth">orders of magnitude required by YEC</a>. </p><p>Moreover, these dating methods are <i>not</i> mutually exclusive: where their range, accuracy, and applicability overlap, the dates they produce <i>agree</i> with each other. (For example, all dating methods for the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_the_Earth" title="Age of the Earth">age of the Earth</a> agree on a 4.4-4.6 billion year-old world.) This is important especially because YECs regularly claim that <a href="/wiki/Radiometric_dating" title="Radiometric dating">radiometric dating</a> is unreliable — yet radiometric dating is unnecessary to prove an old universe, because we have many methods of dating at our disposal. </p><p>What follows is <b>40 independent reasons <i>not</i> to believe in a young Earth:</b> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="mp_contents_header mp_section_header">Participate in RationalWiki </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="float:right;"><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/rationalwiki/" rel="nofollow"><img alt="RedditLogo.png" src="/w/images/thumb/c/cb/RedditLogo.png/100px-RedditLogo.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="32" srcset="/w/images/thumb/c/cb/RedditLogo.png/150px-RedditLogo.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/c/cb/RedditLogo.png/200px-RedditLogo.png 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="1620" /></a><br /><a href="https://twitter.com/rationalwiki" rel="nofollow"><img alt="Twitter logo.png" src="/w/images/thumb/1/1a/Twitter_logo.png/100px-Twitter_logo.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="19" srcset="/w/images/thumb/1/1a/Twitter_logo.png/150px-Twitter_logo.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/1/1a/Twitter_logo.png/200px-Twitter_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="186" /></a><br /><a href="https://www.facebook.com/pages/Rationalwiki/226614404019306" rel="nofollow"><img alt="Facebook logo.png" src="/w/images/thumb/0/07/Facebook_logo.png/100px-Facebook_logo.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="38" srcset="/w/images/thumb/0/07/Facebook_logo.png/150px-Facebook_logo.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/0/07/Facebook_logo.png/200px-Facebook_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="385" /></a><br /><a href="https://rationalwiki.org/wiki/RationalWiki:Discord" rel="nofollow"><img alt="Discord logo.png" src="/w/images/thumb/d/d0/Discord_logo.png/100px-Discord_logo.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="27" srcset="/w/images/thumb/d/d0/Discord_logo.png/150px-Discord_logo.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/d/d0/Discord_logo.png/200px-Discord_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="876" data-file-height="240" /></a><br /></div> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Category:RationalWiki" title="Category:RationalWiki">RationalWiki portal:</a></dt> <dd>See <b><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Newcomers" title="RationalWiki:Newcomers">our guide for newcomers</a></b>!</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Timeline" title="RationalWiki:Timeline">A brief history of RationalWiki</a>...</dd> <dd>Share <b><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:How_I_found_RationalWiki" title="RationalWiki:How I found RationalWiki">how you found RationalWiki</a></b>!</dd> <dd>For general chatter that doesn't fit anywhere else, the <b><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Saloon_bar" title="RationalWiki:Saloon bar">Saloon Bar</a></b> is the place to go.</dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Category:Essays" title="Category:Essays">Essay portal:</a></dt> <dd>Essays written by individual users covering a wide range of subjects. 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See if anything piques your interest<font color="black"><span class="plainlinks" id="purgelink"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&action=purge">!</a></span></font></dd></dl> </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> </td> <td class="mp_wigo mp_box"><div class="mp_wigo_border mp_gradient_border"> <table class="mp_wigo_inside mp_box_inside" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5"> <tbody><tr> <th class="mp_wigo_header mp_section_header">Featured Content </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:2em;">Need to know <a href="/wiki/WIGO" title="WIGO"><b>What Is Going On?</b></a> We present regularly updated selections of the finest lunacy the Internet has to offer. Participate in the dialogue. <p><b>What is going on...</b><br /> </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><div class="floatleft"><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:What_is_going_on_in_the_world%3F" title="noframe"><img alt="noframe" src="/w/images/thumb/5/5e/Icon_wigo_world_alt_tilted.svg/50px-Icon_wigo_world_alt_tilted.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" srcset="/w/images/thumb/5/5e/Icon_wigo_world_alt_tilted.svg/75px-Icon_wigo_world_alt_tilted.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/5/5e/Icon_wigo_world_alt_tilted.svg/100px-Icon_wigo_world_alt_tilted.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="195" data-file-height="195" /></a></div></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:What_is_going_on_in_the_world%3F" title="RationalWiki:What is going on in the world?">…in the world?</a></b><sup>(<a href="/wiki/RationalWiki_talk:What_is_going_on_in_the_world%3F" title="RationalWiki talk:What is going on in the world?">talk</a>)</sup> "Actual" "news" from the "real world." </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="floatleft"><a 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src="/w/images/thumb/9/95/Wigoclog.svg/50px-Wigoclog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" srcset="/w/images/thumb/9/95/Wigoclog.svg/75px-Wigoclog.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/9/95/Wigoclog.svg/100px-Wigoclog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:What_is_going_on_in_the_clogosphere%3F" title="RationalWiki:What is going on in the clogosphere?">…in the Clogosphere?</a></b><sup>(<a href="/wiki/RationalWiki_talk:What_is_going_on_in_the_clogosphere%3F" title="RationalWiki talk:What is going on in the clogosphere?">talk</a>)</sup> Craziness from the clogged-up fringes of the Internet. </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="floatleft"><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:What_is_going_on_with_the_elections%3F" title="noframe"><img alt="noframe" src="/w/images/thumb/f/f2/Icon_politics.svg/50px-Icon_politics.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" 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class="floatleft"><a href="/wiki/Category:Atheism" title="noframe"><img alt="noframe" src="/w/images/thumb/b/b0/Icon_atheism.svg/50px-Icon_atheism.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" srcset="/w/images/thumb/b/b0/Icon_atheism.svg/75px-Icon_atheism.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/b/b0/Icon_atheism.svg/100px-Icon_atheism.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">Atheism</a></b> • <a href="/wiki/Atheophobia" title="Atheophobia">Atheophobia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Atheist_Bus_Campaign" title="Atheist Bus Campaign">Atheist Bus Campaign</a> • <a href="/wiki/Secular_humanism" title="Secular humanism">Secular humanism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Agnosticism" title="Agnosticism">Agnosticism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Misotheism" title="Misotheism">Misotheism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pascal%27s_wager" title="Pascal's wager">Pascal's wager</a> • <a href="/wiki/Russell%27s_Teapot" title="Russell's Teapot">Russell's Teapot</a> • <a href="/wiki/Secular_religions" title="Secular religions">Secular religions</a> • <a href="/wiki/FAQ_for_the_Newly_Deconverted" title="FAQ for the Newly Deconverted">FAQ for the Newly Deconverted</a> • <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">Atheism</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="floatleft"><a href="/wiki/Category:Creationism" title="noframe"><img alt="noframe" src="/w/images/thumb/a/a8/Icon_creationism.svg/50px-Icon_creationism.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" srcset="/w/images/thumb/a/a8/Icon_creationism.svg/75px-Icon_creationism.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/a/a8/Icon_creationism.svg/100px-Icon_creationism.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="195" data-file-height="195" /></a></div></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Creationism" title="Creationism">Creationism</a></b> • <a href="/wiki/101_evidences_for_a_young_age_of_the_Earth_and_the_universe" title="101 evidences for a young age of the Earth and the universe">101 evidences for a young age of the Earth and the universe</a> • <a href="/wiki/Expelled:_Leader%27s_Guide" title="Expelled: Leader's Guide">Expelled: Leader's Guide</a> • <a href="/wiki/Evidence_against_a_recent_creation" title="Evidence against a recent creation">Evidence against a recent creation</a> • <a href="/wiki/Modern_Science_in_the_Bible" title="Modern Science in the Bible">Modern Science in the Bible</a> • <a href="/wiki/Baraminology" title="Baraminology">Baraminology</a> • <a href="/wiki/Intelligent_design_and_academic_freedom" title="Intelligent design and academic freedom">Intelligent design and academic freedom</a> • <a href="/wiki/Answers_Research_Journal" title="Answers Research Journal">Answers Research Journal</a> • <a href="/wiki/How_come_there_are_still_monkeys%3F" title="How come there are still monkeys?">How come there are still monkeys?</a> • <a href="/wiki/Creationism" title="Creationism">Creationism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Richard_Lenski" title="Richard Lenski">Richard Lenski</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="floatleft"><a href="/wiki/Category:Pseudoscience" title="noframe"><img alt="noframe" src="/w/images/thumb/7/7a/Icon_pseudoscience.svg/50px-Icon_pseudoscience.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" srcset="/w/images/thumb/7/7a/Icon_pseudoscience.svg/75px-Icon_pseudoscience.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/7/7a/Icon_pseudoscience.svg/100px-Icon_pseudoscience.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">Pseudoscience</a></b> • <a href="/wiki/Homeopathy" title="Homeopathy">Homeopathy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vagina_steaming" title="Vagina steaming">Vagina steaming</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">Pseudoscience</a> • <a href="/wiki/Intelligent_design_and_academic_freedom" title="Intelligent design and academic freedom">Intelligent design and academic freedom</a> • <a href="/wiki/Biological_determinism" title="Biological determinism">Biological determinism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pseudopsychology" title="Pseudopsychology">Pseudopsychology</a> • <a href="/wiki/Naturopathy" title="Naturopathy">Naturopathy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Climategate" title="Climategate">Climategate</a> • <a href="/wiki/Banana_argument" title="Banana argument">Banana argument</a> • <a href="/wiki/Objectivism" title="Objectivism">Objectivism</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="floatleft"><a href="/wiki/Category:Conspiracy_theories" title="noframe"><img alt="noframe" src="/w/images/thumb/5/58/Icon_conspiracy.svg/50px-Icon_conspiracy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" srcset="/w/images/thumb/5/58/Icon_conspiracy.svg/75px-Icon_conspiracy.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/5/58/Icon_conspiracy.svg/100px-Icon_conspiracy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="195" data-file-height="195" /></a></div></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Conspiracy">Conspiracy</a></b> • <a href="/wiki/9/11" title="9/11">9/11</a> • <a href="/wiki/Freeman_on_the_land" title="Freeman on the land">Freeman on the land</a> • <a href="/wiki/QAnon" title="QAnon">QAnon</a> • <a href="/wiki/User:Nomoresecrets/FlatEarthSanbox" title="User:Nomoresecrets/FlatEarthSanbox">Nomoresecrets/FlatEarthSanbox</a> • <a href="/wiki/Desiree_Jennings" title="Desiree Jennings">Desiree Jennings</a> • <a href="/wiki/Chemtrails" title="Chemtrails">Chemtrails</a> • <a href="/wiki/War_on_Christmas" title="War on Christmas">War on Christmas</a> • <a href="/wiki/Comet_Elenin" title="Comet Elenin">Comet Elenin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">Conspiracy theory</a> • <a href="/wiki/Moon_landing_hoax" title="Moon landing hoax">Moon landing hoax</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="floatleft"><a href="/wiki/Category:Denialism" title="noframe"><img alt="noframe" src="/w/images/thumb/c/ca/Icon_denialism.svg/50px-Icon_denialism.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" srcset="/w/images/thumb/c/ca/Icon_denialism.svg/75px-Icon_denialism.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/c/ca/Icon_denialism.svg/100px-Icon_denialism.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Denialism" title="Denialism">Denialism</a></b> • <a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide_denial" title="Armenian genocide denial">Armenian genocide denial</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tobacco_smoking" title="Tobacco smoking">Tobacco smoking</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fort_Pillow_Massacre" title="Fort Pillow Massacre">Fort Pillow Massacre</a> • <a href="/wiki/Denialgate" title="Denialgate">Denialgate</a> • <a href="/wiki/Obama_citizenship_denial" title="Obama citizenship denial">Obama citizenship denial</a> • <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">Conspiracy theory</a> • <a href="/wiki/Anti-vaccination_movement" title="Anti-vaccination movement">Anti-vaccination movement</a> • <a href="/wiki/2021_U.S._coup_attempt" title="2021 U.S. coup attempt">2021 U.S. coup attempt</a> • <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 United States presidential election</a> • <a href="/wiki/Flat_Earth" title="Flat Earth">Flat Earth</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="floatleft"><a href="/wiki/Category:Paranormal" title="noframe"><img alt="noframe" src="/w/images/thumb/5/56/Icon_ghost.svg/50px-Icon_ghost.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" srcset="/w/images/thumb/5/56/Icon_ghost.svg/75px-Icon_ghost.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/5/56/Icon_ghost.svg/100px-Icon_ghost.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Paranormal" title="Paranormal">Paranormal</a></b> • <a href="/wiki/Electronic_voice_phenomenon" title="Electronic voice phenomenon">Electronic voice phenomenon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Near-death_experience" title="Near-death experience">Near-death experience</a> • <a href="/wiki/Zombies" title="Zombies">Zombies</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vampire" title="Vampire">Vampire</a> • <a href="/wiki/Craig_Weiler" title="Craig Weiler">Craig Weiler</a> • <a href="/wiki/Exorcism" title="Exorcism">Exorcism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bigfoot" title="Bigfoot">Bigfoot</a> • <a href="/wiki/Steve_Quayle" title="Steve Quayle">Steve Quayle</a> • <a href="/wiki/Unidentified_flying_object" title="Unidentified flying object">Unidentified flying object</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dream_interpretation" title="Dream interpretation">Dream interpretation</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="floatleft"><a href="/wiki/Category:Politics" title="noframe"><img alt="noframe" src="/w/images/thumb/f/f2/Icon_politics.svg/50px-Icon_politics.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" srcset="/w/images/thumb/f/f2/Icon_politics.svg/75px-Icon_politics.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/f/f2/Icon_politics.svg/100px-Icon_politics.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Politics" title="Politics">Politics</a></b> • <a href="/wiki/Lead-crime_hypothesis" title="Lead-crime 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