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<li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Patterns_of_influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Patterns_of_influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.4</span> <span>Patterns of influence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Patterns_of_influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Political_violence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_violence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.4.1</span> <span>Political violence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_violence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-School_curriculum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#School_curriculum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.4.2</span> <span>School curriculum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-School_curriculum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Role_of_the_internet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role_of_the_internet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.4.3</span> <span>Role of the internet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Role_of_the_internet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_Commonwealth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_Commonwealth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>British Commonwealth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_Commonwealth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-South_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>South Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rhodesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rhodesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Rhodesia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rhodesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Australia_and_New_Zealand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia_and_New_Zealand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Australia and New Zealand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia_and_New_Zealand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ideologies_and_movements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ideologies_and_movements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ideologies and movements</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ideologies_and_movements-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ideologies and movements subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ideologies_and_movements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-White_nationalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#White_nationalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>White nationalism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-White_nationalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-White_separatism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#White_separatism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>White separatism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-White_separatism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notable_white_separatists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_white_separatists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Notable white separatists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_white_separatists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aligned_organizations_and_philosophies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aligned_organizations_and_philosophies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Aligned organizations and philosophies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aligned_organizations_and_philosophies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academic_use_of_the_term" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academic_use_of_the_term"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Academic use of the term</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academic_use_of_the_term-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">White supremacy</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 47 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">47 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B6" title="سيادة البيض – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سيادة البيض" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supremac%C3%ADa_blanca" title="Supremacía blanca – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Supremacía blanca" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C4%9Fd%C9%99rili_%C3%BCst%C3%BCnl%C3%BCy%C3%BC" title="Ağdərili üstünlüyü – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ağdərili üstünlüyü" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-l%C3%A2ng_Iu-o%CC%8Dat_Ch%C3%BA-g%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-lâng Iu-o̍at Chú-gī – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pe̍h-lâng Iu-o̍at Chú-gī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B7%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Превъзходство на белите – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Превъзходство на белите" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supremacisme_blanc" title="Supremacisme blanc – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Supremacisme blanc" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nad%C5%99azenost_b%C3%ADl%C3%A9_rasy" title="Nadřazenost bílé rasy – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nadřazenost bílé rasy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goruchafiaeth_y_gwynion" title="Goruchafiaeth y gwynion – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Goruchafiaeth y gwynion" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Supremacy" title="White Supremacy – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="White Supremacy" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%85%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%AE" title="Λευκή υπεροχή – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λευκή υπεροχή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supremacismo_blanco" title="Supremacismo blanco – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Supremacismo blanco" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blankula_superismo" title="Blankula superismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Blankula superismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supremazismo_zuri" title="Supremazismo zuri – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Supremazismo zuri" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%86%DA%98%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="برترپنداری نژاد سفید – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="برترپنداری نژاد سفید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supr%C3%A9macisme_blanc" title="Suprémacisme blanc – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Suprémacisme blanc" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%B1%EC%9D%B8_%EC%9A%B0%EC%9B%94%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="백인 우월주의 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="백인 우월주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%BA%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%A3%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Սպիտակների գերակայություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սպիտակների գերակայություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5" title="श्वेत प्रभुत्व – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="श्वेत प्रभुत्व" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supremasi_kulit_putih" title="Supremasi kulit putih – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Supremasi kulit putih" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potere_bianco" title="Potere bianco – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Potere bianco" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%94" title="עליונות לבנה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עליונות לבנה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supremasi_putih" title="Supremasi putih – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Supremasi putih" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamlaka_ya_Weupe" title="Mamlaka ya Weupe – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mamlaka ya Weupe" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serweriya_spiyan" title="Serweriya spiyan – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Serweriya spiyan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feh%C3%A9r_fels%C5%91bbrend%C5%B1s%C3%A9g" title="Fehér felsőbbrendűség – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fehér felsőbbrendűség" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketuanan_kulit_putih" title="Ketuanan kulit putih – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ketuanan kulit putih" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanke_suprematie" title="Blanke suprematie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Blanke suprematie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BA%BA%E8%87%B3%E4%B8%8A%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="白人至上主義 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="白人至上主義" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hvit_makt" title="Hvit makt – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hvit makt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88_%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C" title="د سپین پوستو غوره والی – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د سپین پوستو غوره والی" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82a_supremacja" title="Biała supremacja – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Biała supremacja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supremacia_branca" title="Supremacia branca – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Supremacia branca" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suprema%C8%9Bie_alb%C4%83" title="Supremație albă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Supremație albă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%85" title="Превосходство белых – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Превосходство белых" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="White supremacy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%DA%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="باڵادەستیی سپی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="باڵادەستیی سپی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Супериорност беле расе – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Супериорност беле расе" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superiornost_bijele_rase" title="Superiornost bijele rase – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Superiornost bijele rase" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" 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the superiority of white people</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:#ffdd99;p">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Discrimination" title="Category:Discrimination">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:175%; line-height:1.0em; background:#ffdd99;"><a href="/wiki/Discrimination" title="Discrimination">Discrimination</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0.5em 0"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emojione_1F6AB.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Emojione_1F6AB.svg/70px-Emojione_1F6AB.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Emojione_1F6AB.svg/105px-Emojione_1F6AB.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Emojione_1F6AB.svg/140px-Emojione_1F6AB.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Forms</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_discrimination" title="Institutional discrimination">Institutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_discrimination" title="Structural discrimination">Structural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_discrimination_(economics)" title="Statistical discrimination (economics)">Statistical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taste-based_discrimination" title="Taste-based discrimination">Taste-based</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Attributes</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ageism" title="Ageism">Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caste" title="Caste">Caste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_discrimination" title="Class discrimination">Class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialect_discrimination" title="Dialect discrimination">Dialect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ableism" title="Ableism">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_discrimination" title="Genetic discrimination">Genetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_hair_texture" title="Discrimination based on hair texture">Hair texture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Height_discrimination" title="Height discrimination">Height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_discrimination" title="Linguistic discrimination">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lookism" title="Lookism">Looks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanism" title="Sanism">Mental disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Race / Ethnicity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_skin_tone" title="Discrimination based on skin tone">Skin color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">Scientific racism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankism" title="Rankism">Rank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexism" title="Sexism">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_discrimination" title="Sexual orientation discrimination">Sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sizeism" title="Sizeism">Size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viewpoint_discrimination" title="Viewpoint discrimination">Viewpoint</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Social</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arophobia">Arophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_asexual_people" title="Discrimination against asexual people">Acephobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adultism" title="Adultism">Adultism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_people_with_albinism" title="Persecution of people with albinism">Anti-albinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_autistic_people" title="Discrimination against autistic people">Anti-autism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_homeless_people" title="Discrimination against homeless people">Anti-homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_drug_addicts" title="Discrimination against drug addicts">Anti-drug addicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-intellectualism" title="Anti-intellectualism">Anti-intellectualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_intersex_people" title="Discrimination against intersex people">Anti-intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bias_against_left-handed_people" title="Bias against left-handed people">Anti-left handedness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonry" title="Anti-Masonry">Anti-Masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aporophobia" title="Aporophobia">Aporophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audism" title="Audism">Audism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biphobia" title="Biphobia">Biphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clannism" class="mw-redirect" title="Clannism">Clannism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">Elitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephebiphobia" title="Ephebiphobia">Ephebiphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_health" title="Social determinants of health">Social determinants of health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_health_in_poverty" title="Social determinants of health in poverty">Social determinants of health in poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_mental_health" title="Social determinants of mental health">Social determinants of mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma_of_obesity" title="Social stigma of obesity">Fatphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_gay_men" title="Discrimination against gay men">Gayphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontophobia" title="Gerontophobia">Gerontophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterosexism" title="Heterosexism">Heterosexism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_people_with_HIV/AIDS" title="Discrimination against people with HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homophobia" title="Homophobia">Homophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leprosy_stigma" title="Leprosy stigma">Leprosy stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesbophobia">Lesbophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_men" title="Discrimination against men">Discrimination against men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misandry" title="Misandry">Misandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misogyny" title="Misogyny">Misogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepotism" title="Nepotism">Nepotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fear_of_children" title="Fear of children">Pedophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_foreigner" title="Perpetual foreigner">Perpetual foreigner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy_discrimination" title="Pregnancy discrimination">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarianism" title="Sectarianism">Sectarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supremacism" title="Supremacism">Supremacism</a> <ul><li>White</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">Male</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transphobia" title="Transphobia">Transphobia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21st-century_anti-trans_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom">21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_non-binary_people" title="Discrimination against non-binary people">Non-binary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmisogyny" title="Transmisogyny">Transmisogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_transgender_men" title="Discrimination against transgender men">Trans men</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegaphobia" title="Vegaphobia">Vegaphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">Xenophobia</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination" title="Religious discrimination">Religious</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_atheists" title="Discrimination against atheists">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusivism#Religious_exclusivism" title="Exclusivism">Exclusivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="Persecution of Baháʼís">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Buddhists" title="Persecution of Buddhists">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian_sentiment" title="Anti-Christian sentiment">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Eastern_Orthodox_Christians" title="Persecution of Eastern Orthodox Christians">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mormonism" title="Anti-Mormonism">LDS or Mormon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_post%E2%80%93Cold_War_era" title="Persecution of Christians in the post–Cold War era">post–Cold War era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong" title="Persecution of Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hindu_sentiment" title="Anti-Hindu sentiment">Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Untouchability" title="Untouchability">Untouchability</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Muslims" title="Persecution of Muslims">Persecution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Ahmadis" title="Persecution of Ahmadis">Ahmadiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Shi%27ism" title="Anti-Shi'ism">Shi'ism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Sufis" title="Persecution of Sufis">Sufism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sunnism" title="Anti-Sunnism">Sunnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_minority_Muslim_groups" title="Persecution of minority Muslim groups">minority Muslim</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_antisemitism" title="Religious antisemitism">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews" title="Persecution of Jews">Persecution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination_against_modern_pagans" title="Religious discrimination against modern pagans">Neopaganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Protestantism" title="Anti-Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Rastafari" title="Persecution of Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sikh_sentiment" title="Anti-Sikh sentiment">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Yazidis" title="Persecution of Yazidis">Yazidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Zoroastrians" title="Persecution of Zoroastrians">Zoroastrianism</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Ethnic/<a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_nationality" title="Discrimination based on nationality">national</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Afghan_sentiment" title="Anti-Afghan sentiment">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-African_sentiment" title="Anti-African sentiment">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Albanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Albanian sentiment">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Arab_racism" title="Anti-Arab racism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Armenian_sentiment" title="Anti-Armenian sentiment">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_Asians" title="Racism against Asians">Asian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_France" title="Anti-Asian racism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_post-Apartheid_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Asian racism in post-Apartheid South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Asian racism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Assyrian_sentiment" title="Anti-Assyrian sentiment">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Azerbaijani_sentiment" title="Anti-Azerbaijani sentiment">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negrophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Negrophobia">Black people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_African_Americans" title="Racism against African Americans">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-black_discrimination_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-black discrimination in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-black_racism_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-black racism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Bengali_sentiment_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Bengali sentiment in India">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_for_the_Protection_of_Macedonian_National_Honor" class="mw-redirect" title="Law for the Protection of Macedonian National Honor">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catalan_sentiment" title="Anti-Catalan sentiment">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chechen_sentiment" title="Anti-Chechen sentiment">Chechen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Colombian_sentiment" title="Anti-Colombian sentiment">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Croat_sentiment" title="Anti-Croat sentiment">Croat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Filipino_sentiment" title="Anti-Filipino sentiment">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Fulani_sentiment" title="Anti-Fulani sentiment">Fulani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Finnish_sentiment" title="Anti-Finnish sentiment">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Georgian_sentiment" title="Anti-Georgian sentiment">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Greek_sentiment" title="Anti-Greek sentiment">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antihaitianismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Antihaitianismo">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hazaras" title="Persecution of Hazaras">Hazara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hungarian_sentiment" title="Anti-Hungarian sentiment">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Igbo_sentiment" title="Anti-Igbo sentiment">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Indian_sentiment" title="Anti-Indian sentiment">Indian</a></li> <li>Indigenous people <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Irish_sentiment" title="Anti-Irish sentiment">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Italianism" title="Anti-Italianism">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Japanese_sentiment" title="Anti-Japanese sentiment">Japanese</a></li> <li>Jewish <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_antisemitism" title="New antisemitism">New</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Korean_sentiment" title="Anti-Korean sentiment">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Kurdish_sentiment" title="Anti-Kurdish sentiment">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Lithuanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Lithuanian sentiment">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Malay_sentiment" title="Anti-Malay sentiment">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-M%C4%81ori_sentiment" title="Anti-Māori sentiment">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mexican_sentiment" title="Anti-Mexican sentiment">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti%E2%80%93Middle_Eastern_sentiment" title="Anti–Middle Eastern sentiment">Middle Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mongolianism" title="Anti-Mongolianism">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Nigerian_sentiment" title="Anti-Nigerian sentiment">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Pakistan_sentiment" title="Anti-Pakistan sentiment">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Palestinianism" title="Anti-Palestinianism">Palestinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Pashtun_sentiment" title="Anti-Pashtun sentiment">Pashtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Polish_sentiment" title="Anti-Polish sentiment">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Quebec_sentiment" title="Anti-Quebec sentiment">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Romani_sentiment" title="Anti-Romani sentiment">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Romanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Romanian sentiment">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Scottish_sentiment" title="Anti-Scottish sentiment">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Serb_sentiment" title="Anti-Serb sentiment">Serb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Slavic_sentiment" title="Anti-Slavic sentiment">Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Somali_sentiment" title="Anti-Somali sentiment">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatarophobia" title="Tatarophobia">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Thai_sentiment" title="Anti-Thai sentiment">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Turkish_sentiment" title="Anti-Turkish sentiment">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Ukrainian_sentiment" title="Anti-Ukrainian sentiment">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Uyghur_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Uyghur sentiment">Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_incidents_of_xenophobia_during_the_Venezuelan_refugee_crisis" title="List of incidents of xenophobia during the Venezuelan refugee crisis">Venezuelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Vietnamese_sentiment" title="Anti-Vietnamese sentiment">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Welsh_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Welsh sentiment">Welsh</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Manifestations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-LGBTQ_rhetoric" title="Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric">Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_organizations_designated_by_the_Southern_Poverty_Law_Center_as_anti-LGBTQ_hate_groups" title="List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as anti-LGBTQ hate groups">SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020s_anti-LGBTQ_movement_in_the_United_States" title="2020s anti-LGBTQ movement in the United States">Anti-LGBTQ movemenet in the US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st-century_anti-trans_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom">Anti-trans movement in the UK</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_libel" title="Blood libel">Blood libel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullying" title="Bullying">Bullying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancel_culture" title="Cancel culture">Cancel culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_for_homosexuality" title="Capital punishment for homosexuality">Capital punishment for homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_sterilization" title="Compulsory sterilization">Compulsory sterilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_rape" title="Corrective rape">Corrective rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-jihad" title="Counter-jihad">Counter-jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_genocide" title="Cultural genocide">Cultural genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">Defamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democide" title="Democide">Democide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_hate_crime" title="Disability hate crime">Disability hate crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_whistle_(politics)" title="Dog whistle (politics)">Dog whistle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domicide" title="Domicide">Domicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_discrimination" title="Economic discrimination">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_in_education" title="Discrimination in education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment_discrimination" title="Employment discrimination">Employment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliminationism" title="Eliminationism">Eliminationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enemy_of_the_people" title="Enemy of the people">Enemy of the people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">Ethnic cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_conflict" title="Ethnic conflict">Ethnic conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_hatred" title="Ethnic hatred">Ethnic hatred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_joke" title="Ethnic joke">Ethnic joke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocide" title="Ethnocide">Ethnocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_of_excellence" title="Discrimination of excellence">Excellence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-based_dress_codes" title="Gender-based dress codes">Gender-based dress codes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosmetics_policy" title="Cosmetics policy">Cosmetics policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_heel_policy" title="High heel policy">High heel policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_conversion" title="Forced conversion">Forced conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freak_show" title="Freak show">Freak show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_bashing" title="Gay bashing">Gay bashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendercide" title="Gendercide">Gendercide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genital_modification_and_mutilation" title="Genital modification and mutilation">Genital modification and mutilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">Genocide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genocides_in_history" title="Genocides in history">examples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_ceiling" title="Glass ceiling">Glass ceiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_crime" title="Hate crime">Hate crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_LGBTQ_people" title="Violence against LGBTQ people">LGBTQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_group" title="Hate group">Hate group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_speech" title="Hate speech">Hate speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patient_dumping" title="Patient dumping">Homeless dumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_discrimination" title="Housing discrimination">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rolling" title="Indian rolling">Indian rolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kill_Haole_Day" title="Kill Haole Day">Kill Haole Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavender_scare" class="mw-redirect" title="Lavender scare">Lavender scare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_grooming_conspiracy_theory" title="LGBTQ grooming conspiracy theory">LGBTQ grooming conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_killed_for_being_transgender" title="List of people killed for being transgender">List of people killed for being transgender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching" title="Lynching">Lynching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortgage_discrimination" title="Mortgage discrimination">Mortgage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Murder_Music" title="Stop Murder Music">Murder music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_mascot_controversy" title="Native American mascot controversy">Native American mascots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_segregation" title="Occupational segregation">Occupational segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_immigration" title="Opposition to immigration">Opposition to immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_genocide" title="Paper genocide">Paper genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution" title="Persecution">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">Pogrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_repression" title="Political repression">Political repression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purge" title="Purge">Purge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racialization" title="Racialization">Racialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">Religious persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_terrorism" title="Religious terrorism">Religious terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence" title="Religious violence">Religious violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_war" title="Religious war">Religious war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scapegoating" title="Scapegoating">Scapegoating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segregation_academy" title="Segregation academy">Segregation academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">Sexual harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-selective_abortion" title="Sex-selective abortion">Sex-selective abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slut-shaming" title="Slut-shaming">Slut-shaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_transgender_people" title="Violence against transgender people">Trans bashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victimisation" title="Victimisation">Victimisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_women" title="Violence against women">Violence against women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_flight" title="White flight">White flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">White genocide conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wife_selling" title="Wife selling">Wife selling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_hunt" title="Witch hunt">Witch hunt</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Policies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_candidacy" title="Age of candidacy">Age of candidacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limpieza_de_sangre" title="Limpieza de sangre">Blood purity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_quantum_laws" title="Blood quantum laws">Blood quantum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_of_apartheid" title="Crime of apartheid">Crime of apartheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability" title="Disability">Disabilities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disabilities_(Catholics)" title="Disabilities (Catholics)">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_disabilities" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish disabilities">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_pay_gap" title="Gender pay gap">Gender pay gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_role" title="Gender role">Gender roles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontocracy" title="Gerontocracy">Gerontocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrymandering" title="Gerrymandering">Gerrymandering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghetto_benches" title="Ghetto benches">Ghetto benches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internment" title="Internment">Internment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_quota" title="Jewish quota">Jewish quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_for_Protection_of_the_Nation" title="Law for Protection of the Nation">Law for Protection of the Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_donation_restrictions_on_men_who_have_sex_with_men" title="Blood donation restrictions on men who have sex with men">MSM blood donation restrictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_kid_zone" title="No kid zone">No kid zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerus_clausus" title="Numerus clausus"><i>Numerus clausus</i> (as religious or racial quota)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-drop_rule" title="One-drop rule">One-drop rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_quota" title="Racial quota">Racial quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">Racial segregation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg Laws</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_steering" title="Racial steering">Racial steering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redlining" title="Redlining">Redlining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_segregation" title="Geographical segregation">Segregation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_segregation" title="Age segregation">age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">racial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_segregation" title="Religious segregation">religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_segregation" title="Sex segregation">sexual</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social exclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodomy_law" title="Sodomy law">Sodomy law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_atheism" title="State atheism">State atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">State religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugly_law" title="Ugly law">Ugly law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voter_suppression" title="Voter suppression">Voter suppression</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Countermeasures</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action" title="Affirmative action">Affirmative action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-discrimination_law" title="Anti-discrimination law">Anti-discrimination law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-racism" title="Anti-racism">Anti-racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_colorblindness" title="Constitutional colorblindness">Constitutional colorblindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_assimilation" title="Cultural assimilation">Cultural assimilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_pluralism" title="Cultural pluralism">Cultural pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity,_equity,_and_inclusion" title="Diversity, equity, and inclusion">Diversity, equity, and inclusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_training" title="Diversity training">Diversity training</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empowerment" title="Empowerment">Empowerment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fat_acceptance_movement" title="Fat acceptance movement">Fat acceptance movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighting_Discrimination" title="Fighting Discrimination">Fighting Discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_speech_laws_by_country" title="Hate speech laws by country">Hate speech laws by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_human_rights" title="Intersex human rights">Intersex human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights by country or territory">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_integration" title="Racial integration">Racial integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reappropriation" title="Reappropriation">Reappropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">Self-determination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_integration" title="Social integration">Social integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toleration" title="Toleration">Toleration</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allophilia" title="Allophilia">Allophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amatonormativity" title="Amatonormativity">Amatonormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bias" title="Bias">Bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisnormativity" title="Cisnormativity">Cisnormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">Civil liberties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehumanization" title="Dehumanization">Dehumanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_(politics)" title="Diversity (politics)">Diversity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">Multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurodiversity" title="Neurodiversity">Neurodiversity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_penalty" title="Ethnic penalty">Ethnic penalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figleaf_(linguistics)" title="Figleaf (linguistics)">Figleaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-blind" title="Gender-blind">Gender-blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heteronormativity" title="Heteronormativity">Heteronormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_eugenics" title="History of eugenics">Historical eugenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internalized_oppression" title="Internalized oppression">Internalized oppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersectionality" title="Intersectionality">Intersectionality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masculism" title="Masculism">Masculism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_model_of_disability" title="Medical model of disability">Medical model of disability</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medical_model_of_autism" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical model of autism">autism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_bias" title="Net bias">Net bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oikophobia" title="Oikophobia">Oikophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oppression" title="Oppression">Oppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_brutality" title="Police brutality">Police brutality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_correctness" title="Political correctness">Political correctness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyculturalism" title="Polyculturalism">Polyculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_distance" title="Power distance">Power distance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prejudice" title="Prejudice">Prejudice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_abuse" title="Prisoner abuse">Prisoner abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_bias_in_criminal_news_in_the_United_States" title="Racial bias in criminal news in the United States">Racial bias in criminal news in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_by_country" title="Racism by country">Racism by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_color_blindness" title="Racial color blindness">Racial color blindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_intolerance" title="Religious intolerance">Religious intolerance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_discrimination" title="Reverse discrimination">Reverse discrimination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_racism" title="Reverse racism">Reverse racism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-generation_gender_bias" title="Second-generation gender bias">Second-generation gender bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snob" title="Snob">Snobbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social exclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_identity_threat" title="Social identity threat">Social identity threat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_model_of_disability" title="Social model of disability">Social model of disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_privilege" title="Social privilege">Social privilege</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_privilege" title="Christian privilege">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_privilege" title="Male privilege">male</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_privilege" title="White privilege">white</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma" title="Social stigma">Social stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Speciesism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereotype" title="Stereotype">Stereotype</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stereotype_threat" title="Stereotype threat">threat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_talk_(racism_in_the_United_States)" title="The talk (racism in the United States)">The talk</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Discrimination_sidebar" title="Template:Discrimination sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Discrimination_sidebar" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Discrimination sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Discrimination_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Discrimination sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>White supremacy</b> is the belief that <a href="/wiki/White_people" title="White people">white people</a> are <a href="/wiki/Supremacism" title="Supremacism">superior</a> to those of other <a href="/wiki/Race_(human_classification)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (human classification)">races</a> and thus should dominate them.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The belief favors the maintenance and defense of any <a href="/wiki/Power_(social_and_political)" title="Power (social and political)">power</a> and <a href="/wiki/White_privilege" title="White privilege">privilege</a> held by white people. White supremacy has roots in the now-discredited doctrine of <a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">scientific racism</a> and was a key justification for <a href="/wiki/European_colonialism" class="mw-redirect" title="European colonialism">European colonialism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a <a href="/wiki/Ideology" title="Ideology">political ideology</a>, it imposes and maintains cultural, <a href="/wiki/Color_line_(racism)" title="Color line (racism)">social</a>, <a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">political</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pseudohistory" title="Pseudohistory">historical</a> or <a href="/wiki/Institutional_racism" title="Institutional racism">institutional</a> domination by white people and non-white supporters. In the past, this ideology had been put into effect through socioeconomic and legal structures such as the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic slave trade</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_colonialism" class="mw-redirect" title="European colonialism">European colonial</a> labor and social practices, the <a href="/wiki/Scramble_for_Africa" title="Scramble for Africa">Scramble for Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a> in the United States, the activities of the <a href="/wiki/Native_Lands_Act_1865" title="Native Lands Act 1865">Native Land Court</a> in New Zealand,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/White_Australia_policy" title="White Australia policy">White Australia policies</a> from the 1890s to the mid-1970s, and <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> in South Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Helms_2016_6–7_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Helms_2016_6–7-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This ideology is also today present among <a href="/wiki/Neo-Confederates" title="Neo-Confederates">neo-Confederates</a>. </p><p>White supremacy underlies a spectrum of contemporary movements including <a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">white nationalism</a>, white separatism, <a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">neo-Nazism</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Identity" title="Christian Identity">Christian Identity</a> movement.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United States, white supremacy is primarily associated with the <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a> (KKK), <a href="/wiki/Aryan_Nations" title="Aryan Nations">Aryan Nations</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/White_American_Resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="White American Resistance">White American Resistance</a> movement, all of which are also considered to be <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Proud_Boys" title="Proud Boys">Proud Boys</a>, despite claiming non-association with white supremacy, have been described in academic contexts as being such.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In recent years, websites such as <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> (known as <i>X</i> since July 2023), <a href="/wiki/Reddit" title="Reddit">Reddit</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Stormfront_(website)" title="Stormfront (website)">Stormfront</a>, and the campaign and presidency of <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>, have contributed to an increased activity and interest in white supremacy.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:9_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:10_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Different forms of white supremacy have different conceptions of who is considered white (though the exemplar is generally light-skinned, blond-haired, and blue-eyed — traits most common in northern Europe and that are viewed pseudoscientifically as being traits of an <a href="/wiki/Aryan_race" title="Aryan race">Aryan race</a>), and not all white-supremacist organizations agree on who is their greatest enemy.<sup id="cite_ref-Flint_2004,_p._53_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flint_2004,_p._53-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Different groups of white supremacists identify various racial, ethnic, religious, and other enemies,<sup id="cite_ref-Flint_2004,_p._53_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flint_2004,_p._53-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> most commonly those of <a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan African</a> ancestry, <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples" title="Indigenous peoples">Indigenous peoples</a> of the Americas and Oceania, <a href="/wiki/Asian_people" title="Asian people">Asians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Multiracial_people" title="Multiracial people">multiracial people</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_Middle_East" title="Ethnic groups in the Middle East">Middle Eastern people</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a>, and <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBTQ+">LGBTQ+</a> people.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In academic usage, particularly in <a href="/wiki/Critical_race_theory" title="Critical race theory">critical race theory</a> or <a href="/wiki/Intersectionality" title="Intersectionality">intersectionality</a>, "white supremacy" can also refer to a social system in which white people enjoy structural advantages (<a href="/wiki/Privilege_(social_inequality)" class="mw-redirect" title="Privilege (social inequality)">privilege</a>) over other ethnic groups, on both a collective and individual level, despite formal legal equality.<sup id="cite_ref-ansley1_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ansley1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ansley2_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ansley2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:11_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:12_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:13_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <p>White supremacy has ideological foundations that date back to 17th-century <a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">scientific racism</a>, the predominant paradigm of human variation that helped shape international relations and racial policy from the latter part of the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a> until the late 20th century (marked by decolonization and the abolition of <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> in South Africa in 1991, followed by that country's <a href="/wiki/South_African_general_election,_1994" class="mw-redirect" title="South African general election, 1994">first multiracial elections in 1994</a>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main category: <a href="/wiki/Category:White_supremacy_in_the_United_States" title="Category:White supremacy in the United States">White supremacy in the United States</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_United_States" title="Racism in the United States">Racism in the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Duluth-lynching-postcard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Duluth-lynching-postcard.jpg/240px-Duluth-lynching-postcard.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Duluth-lynching-postcard.jpg/360px-Duluth-lynching-postcard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Duluth-lynching-postcard.jpg/480px-Duluth-lynching-postcard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1895" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>White men pose for a photograph of the <a href="/wiki/1920_Duluth_lynchings" class="mw-redirect" title="1920 Duluth lynchings">1920 Duluth, Minnesota lynchings</a>. Two of the black victims are still hanging while the third is on the ground. <a href="/wiki/Lynching_in_the_United_States" title="Lynching in the United States">Lynchings</a> were often public spectacles for the white community to celebrate white supremacy in the U.S., and photos were often sold as postcards.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ku_Klux_Klan_parade7_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Ku_Klux_Klan_parade7_crop.jpg/240px-Ku_Klux_Klan_parade7_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Ku_Klux_Klan_parade7_crop.jpg/360px-Ku_Klux_Klan_parade7_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Ku_Klux_Klan_parade7_crop.jpg/480px-Ku_Klux_Klan_parade7_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="637" data-file-height="764" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a> parade in Washington, D.C. in 1926</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early_history">Early history</h4></div> <p>White supremacy was dominant in the United States both before and after the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, and it persisted for decades after the <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Era" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconstruction Era">Reconstruction Era</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to the Civil War, many wealthy <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">white Americans owned slaves</a>; they tried to justify their economic exploitation of black people by creating a <a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">"scientific" theory of white superiority and black inferiority</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Boggs_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boggs-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One such slave owner, future president <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a>, wrote in 1785 that blacks were "inferior to the whites in the endowments of body and mind."<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Antebellum_South" title="Antebellum South">antebellum South</a>, four million slaves were denied freedom.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The outbreak of the Civil War saw the desire to uphold white supremacy being cited as a cause for <a href="/wiki/Secession_in_the_United_States" title="Secession in the United States">state secession</a><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate States of America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an 1890 editorial about Native Americans and the <a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Wars" title="American Indian Wars">American Indian Wars</a>, author <a href="/wiki/L._Frank_Baum" title="L. Frank Baum">L. Frank Baum</a> wrote: "The Whites, by <a href="/wiki/Right_of_conquest" title="Right of conquest">law of conquest</a>, by justice of civilization, are masters of the American continent, and the best safety of the frontier settlements will be secured by the total annihilation of the few remaining Indians."<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Naturalization_Act_of_1790" title="Naturalization Act of 1790">Naturalization Act of 1790</a> limited U.S. citizenship to whites only.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some parts of the United States, many people who were considered non-white were <a href="/wiki/Disfranchisement" title="Disfranchisement">disenfranchised</a>, barred from government office, and prevented from holding most government jobs well into the second half of the 20th century. Professor Leland T. Saito of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">University of Southern California</a> writes: "Throughout the history of the United States, race has been used by whites for legitimizing and creating difference and social, economic and political exclusion."<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="20th_century">20th century</h4></div> <p>The denial of social and political freedom to minorities continued into the mid-20th century, resulting in the <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights movement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The movement was spurred by the <a href="/wiki/Lynching" title="Lynching">lynching</a> of <a href="/wiki/Emmett_Till" title="Emmett Till">Emmett Till</a>, a 14-year-old boy. David Jackson writes it was the image of the "murdered child's ravaged body, that forced the world to reckon with the brutality of <a href="/wiki/American_racism" class="mw-redirect" title="American racism">American racism</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Vann_R._Newkirk_II" title="Vann R. Newkirk II">Vann R. Newkirk II</a> wrote "the trial of his killers became a pageant illuminating the tyranny of white supremacy."<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moved by the image of Till's body in the casket, one hundred days after his murder <a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks" title="Rosa Parks">Rosa Parks</a> refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white person.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sociologist Stephen Klineberg has stated that U.S. immigration laws prior to 1965 clearly "declared that <a href="/wiki/Northern_European" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern European">Northern Europeans</a> are a superior subspecies of the white race".<sup id="cite_ref-Immigration_law_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Immigration_law-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Nationality_Act_of_1965" title="Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965">Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965</a> opened entry to the U.S. to non-Germanic groups, and significantly altered the demographic mix in the U.S. as a result.<sup id="cite_ref-Immigration_law_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Immigration_law-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With 38 U.S. states having banned <a href="/wiki/Interracial_marriage" title="Interracial marriage">interracial marriage</a> through <a href="/wiki/Anti-miscegenation_laws" title="Anti-miscegenation laws">anti-miscegenation laws</a>, the last 16 states had such laws in place until 1967 when they were invalidated by the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a>' decision in <i><a href="/wiki/Loving_v._Virginia" title="Loving v. Virginia">Loving v. Virginia</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These mid-century gains had a major impact on white Americans' political views; segregation and white racial superiority, which had been publicly endorsed in the 1940s, became minority views within the white community by the mid-1970s, and continued to decline in 1990s' polls to a single-digit percentage.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For sociologist <a href="/wiki/Howard_Winant" title="Howard Winant">Howard Winant</a>, these shifts marked the end of "monolithic white supremacy" in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the mid-1960s, white supremacy remained an important ideology to the <a href="/wiki/Radical_right_(United_States)" title="Radical right (United States)">American far-right</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Belew" title="Kathleen Belew">Kathleen Belew</a>, a historian of <a href="/wiki/Historical_race_concepts" title="Historical race concepts">race</a> and <a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_United_States" title="Racism in the United States">racism in the United States</a>, white militancy shifted after the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> from supporting the existing racial order to a more radical position (self-described as "<a href="/wiki/White_Power" class="mw-redirect" title="White Power">white power</a>" or "<a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">white nationalism</a>") committed to overthrowing the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">United States government</a> and establishing a white homeland.<sup id="cite_ref-belew_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-belew-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such <a href="/wiki/Militia_organizations_in_the_United_States#Opposition_to_the_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Militia organizations in the United States">anti-government militia</a> organizations are one of three major strands of violent right-wing movements in the United States, with white-supremacist groups (such as the <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Nazism in the United States">neo-Nazi</a> organizations, and <a href="/wiki/White_power_skinhead" title="White power skinhead">racist skinheads</a>) and a <a href="/wiki/Fundamentalism" title="Fundamentalism">religious fundamentalist</a> movement (such as <a href="/wiki/Christian_Identity" title="Christian Identity">Christian Identity</a>) being the other two.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Howard Winant writes that, "On the <a href="/wiki/Far_right" class="mw-redirect" title="Far right">far right</a> the cornerstone of white identity is belief in an ineluctable, unalterable racialized difference between whites and nonwhites."<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the view of philosopher <a href="/wiki/Jason_Stanley" title="Jason Stanley">Jason Stanley</a>, white supremacy in the United States is an example of the fascist politics of hierarchy, in that it "demands and implies a perpetual hierarchy" in which whites dominate and control non-whites.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="21st_century">21st century</h4></div> <p>The presidential campaign of <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> led to a surge of interest in white supremacy and <a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">white nationalism</a> in the United States, bringing increased media attention and new members to their movement; his campaign enjoyed their widespread support.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:9_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:10_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some academics argue that outcomes from the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_Presidential_Election" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 United States Presidential Election">2016 United States Presidential Election</a> reflect ongoing challenges with white supremacy.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Psychologist <a href="/wiki/Janet_Helms" class="mw-redirect" title="Janet Helms">Janet Helms</a> suggested that the normalizing behaviors of social institutions of education, government, and healthcare are organized around the "birthright of...the power to control society's resources and determine the rules for [those resources]".<sup id="cite_ref-Helms_2016_6–7_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Helms_2016_6–7-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Educators, literary theorists, and other political experts have raised similar questions, connecting the <a href="/wiki/Scapegoating" title="Scapegoating">scapegoating</a> of disenfranchised populations to white superiority.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2018, there were over 600 white-supremacist organizations recorded in the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On July 23, 2019, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_A._Wray" title="Christopher A. Wray">Christopher A. Wray</a>, the head of the <a href="/wiki/FBI" class="mw-redirect" title="FBI">FBI</a>, said at a <a href="/wiki/Senate_Judiciary_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Judiciary Committee">Senate Judiciary Committee</a> hearing that the agency had made around 100 <a href="/wiki/Domestic_terrorism" title="Domestic terrorism">domestic terrorism</a> arrests since October 1, 2018, and that the majority of them were connected in some way with white supremacy. Wray said that the Bureau was "aggressively pursuing [domestic terrorism] using both counterterrorism resources and criminal investigative resources and partnering closely with our state and local partners," but said that it was focused on the violence itself and not on its ideological basis. A similar number of arrests had been made for instances of international terrorism. In the past, Wray has said that white supremacy was a significant and "pervasive" threat to the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On September 20, 2019, the acting <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Homeland_Security" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of Homeland Security">Secretary of Homeland Security</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kevin_McAleenan" title="Kevin McAleenan">Kevin McAleenan</a>, announced his department's revised strategy for counter-terrorism, which included a new emphasis on the dangers inherent in the white-supremacy movement. McAleenan called white supremacy one of the most "potent ideologies" behind domestic terrorism-related violent acts. In a speech at the <a href="/wiki/Brookings_Institution" title="Brookings Institution">Brookings Institution</a>, McAleenan cited a series of high-profile shooting incidents, and said "In our modern age, the continued menace of racially based violent extremism, particularly white supremacist extremism, is an abhorrent affront to the nation, the struggle and unity of its diverse population." The new strategy will include better tracking and analysis of threats, sharing information with local officials, training local law enforcement on how to deal with shooting events, discouraging the hosting of hate sites online, and encouraging counter-messages.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a 2020 article in <i>The New York Times</i> titled "How White Women Use Themselves as Instruments of Terror", columnist <a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Blow" title="Charles M. Blow">Charles M. Blow</a> wrote:<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>We often like to make white supremacy a testosterone-fueled masculine expression, but it is just as likely to wear heels as a hood. Indeed, untold numbers of lynchings were executed because white women had claimed that a black man raped, assaulted, talked to or glanced at them. The <a href="/wiki/Tulsa_race_massacre" title="Tulsa race massacre">Tulsa race massacre</a>, the destruction of Black Wall Street, was spurred by an incident between a white female elevator operator and a black man. As the Oklahoma Historical Society points out, the most common explanation is that he stepped on her toe. As many as 300 people were killed because of it. The torture and murder of 14-year-old <a href="/wiki/Emmett_Till" title="Emmett Till">Emmett Till</a> in 1955, a lynching actually, occurred because a white woman said that he "grabbed her and was menacing and sexually crude toward her". This practice, this exercise in racial extremism has been dragged into the modern era through the weaponizing of 9-1-1, often by white women, to invoke the power and force of the police who they are fully aware are hostile to black men. This was again evident when a <a href="/wiki/Central_Park_birdwatching_incident" title="Central Park birdwatching incident">white woman in New York's Central Park</a> told a black man, a bird-watcher, that she was going to call the police and tell them that he was threatening her life.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Patterns_of_influence">Patterns of influence</h4></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Political_violence">Political violence</h5></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Tuskegee_University" title="Tuskegee University">Tuskegee Institute</a> has estimated that 3,446 blacks were the victims of <a href="/wiki/Lynchings_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Lynchings in the United States">lynchings in the United States</a> between 1882 and 1968, with the peak occurring in the 1890s at a time of economic stress in the South and increasing political suppression of blacks. If 1,297 whites were also lynched during this period, blacks were disproportionally targeted, representing 72.7% of all people lynched.<sup id="cite_ref-tuskegee_umkc_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tuskegee_umkc-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to scholar Amy L. Wood, "lynching photographs constructed and perpetuated white supremacist ideology by creating permanent images of a controlled white citizenry juxtaposed to images of helpless and powerless black men."<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="School_curriculum">School curriculum</h5></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/White_supremacy_in_U.S._school_curriculum" title="White supremacy in U.S. school curriculum">White supremacy in U.S. school curriculum</a></div> <p>White supremacy has also played a part in U.S. school curriculum. Over the course of the 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries, material across the spectrum of academic disciplines has been taught with a heavy emphasis on white culture, contributions, and experiences, and a lack of representation of non-white groups' perspectives and accomplishments.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 19th century, <a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">Geography</a> lessons contained teachings on a fixed racial hierarchy, which white people topped.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mills (1994) writes that history as it is taught is really the history of white people, and it is taught in a way that favors white Americans and white people in general. He states that the language used to tell history minimizes the violent acts committed by white people over the centuries, citing the use of the words, for example, "discovery," "colonization," and "<a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a>" when describing what was ultimately a European conquest of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Hemisphere" title="Western Hemisphere">Western Hemisphere</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">indigenous peoples</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Swartz (1992) seconds this reading of modern history narratives when it comes to the experiences, resistances, and accomplishments of <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">black Americans</a> throughout the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Passage" title="Middle Passage">Middle Passage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">slavery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights movement</a>. In an analysis of American history textbooks, she highlights word choices that repetitively "normalize" slavery and the inhumane treatment of black people. She also notes the frequent showcasing of white <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism" title="Abolitionism">abolitionists</a> and actual exclusion of black abolitionists and the fact that black Americans had been mobilizing for abolition for centuries before the major white American push for abolition in the 19th century. She ultimately asserts the presence of a <i>masternarrative</i> that centers Europe and its associated peoples (white people) in school curriculum, particularly as it pertains to history.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She writes that this masternarrative condenses history into only history that is relevant to, and to some extent beneficial for, white Americans.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Elson (1964) provides detailed information about the historic dissemination of simplistic and negative ideas about non-white races.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_68-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Native Americans, who were subjected to attempts of <a href="/wiki/Cultural_genocide" title="Cultural genocide">cultural genocide</a> by the U.S. government through the use of <a href="/wiki/American_Indian_boarding_schools" title="American Indian boarding schools">American Indian boarding schools</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:2_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were characterized as homogenously "cruel," a violent menace toward white Americans, and lacking civilization or societal complexity (p. 74).<sup id="cite_ref-:4_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, in the 19th century, black Americans were consistently portrayed as lazy, immature, and intellectually and morally inferior to white Americans, and in many ways not deserving of equal participation in U.S. society.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_73-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_71-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, a math problem in a 19th-century textbook read, "If 5 white men can do as much work as 7 negroes..." implying that white men are more industrious and competent than black men (p. 99).<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, little to nothing was taught about black Americans' contributions, or their histories before being brought to U.S. soil as slaves.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_73-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Wayne (1972), this approach was taken especially much after the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a> to maintain whites' hegemony over <a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation" title="Emancipation Proclamation">emancipated</a> black Americans.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_73-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other racial groups have received oppressive treatment, including <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Americans" title="Mexican Americans">Mexican Americans</a>, who temporarily were prevented from learning the same curriculum as white Americans because they supposedly were intellectually inferior, and Asian Americans, some of whom were prevented from learning much about their ancestral lands because they were deemed a threat to "American" culture, i.e. white culture, at the turn of the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_73-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Role_of_the_internet">Role of the internet</h5></div> <p>With the emergence of Twitter in 2006, and platforms such as <i><a href="/wiki/Stormfront_(website)" title="Stormfront (website)">Stormfront</a></i>, which was launched in 1996, an <a href="/wiki/Alt-right" title="Alt-right">alt-right</a> portal for white supremacists with similar beliefs, both adults and children, was provided in which they were given a way to connect. Jessie Daniels, of <a href="/wiki/Hunter_College" title="Hunter College">CUNY-Hunter College</a>, discussed the emergence of other social media outlets such as <a href="/wiki/4chan" title="4chan">4chan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reddit" title="Reddit">Reddit</a>, which meant that the "spread of white nationalist symbols and ideas could be accelerated and amplified."<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sociologist <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Blee" class="mw-redirect" title="Kathleen Blee">Kathleen Blee</a> notes that the anonymity which the Internet provides can make it difficult to track the extent of white-supremacist activity in the country, but nevertheless she and other experts<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> see an increase in the number of <a href="/wiki/Hate_crime" title="Hate crime">hate crimes</a> and amount of white-supremacist violence. In the latest wave of white supremacy, in the age of the Internet, Blee sees the movement as having become primarily a virtual one, in which divisions between groups become blurred: "[A]ll these various groups that get jumbled together as the alt-right and people who have come in from the more traditional neo-Nazi world. We're in a very different world now."<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/David_Duke" title="David Duke">David Duke</a>, a former <a href="/wiki/Grand_Wizard" title="Grand Wizard">Grand Wizard</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a>, wrote in 1999 that the Internet was going to create a "chain reaction of racial enlightenment that will shake the world."<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daniels documents that racist groups see the Internet as a way to spread their ideologies, influence others and gain supporters.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Legal scholar <a href="/wiki/Richard_Hasen" title="Richard Hasen">Richard Hasen</a> describes a "dark side" of social media: </p> <blockquote><p>There certainly were <a href="/wiki/Hate_group" title="Hate group">hate groups</a> before the Internet and social media. [But with social media] it just becomes easier to organize, to spread the word, for people to know where to go. It could be to raise money, or it could be to engage in attacks on social media. Some of the activity is virtual. Some of it is in a physical place. Social media has lowered the collective-action problems that individuals who might want to be in a hate group would face. You can see that there are people out there like you. That's the dark side of social media.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>A series on YouTube hosted by the grandson of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Robb_(Ku_Klux_Klan)" title="Thomas Robb (Ku Klux Klan)">Thomas Robb</a>, the national director of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, "presents the Klan's ideology in a format aimed at kids — more specifically, white kids."<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The short episodes <a href="/wiki/Persuasion" title="Persuasion">inveigh</a> against race-mixing, and extol other white-supremacist ideologies. A short documentary published by <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Radio_and_Television_Corporation" title="Turkish Radio and Television Corporation">TRT</a> describes Imran Garda's experience, a journalist of Indian descent, who met with Thomas Robb and a traditional KKK group. A sign that greets people who enter the town states "<a href="/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">Diversity is a code for white genocide</a>." The KKK group interviewed in the documentary summarizes its ideals, principles, and beliefs, which are emblematic of white supremacists in the United States. The comic book <a href="/wiki/Super_hero" class="mw-redirect" title="Super hero">super hero</a> <a href="/wiki/Captain_America" title="Captain America">Captain America</a> was used for <a href="/wiki/Dog_whistle_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Dog whistle politics">dog whistle politics</a> by the alt-right in college campus recruitment in 2017, an ironic co-optation because Captain America battled against Nazis in the comics, and was created by Jewish cartoonists.<sup id="cite_ref-2016_Usage_as_a_racist_symbol_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2016_Usage_as_a_racist_symbol-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ties_to_2016_presidential_election._83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ties_to_2016_presidential_election.-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_Commonwealth">British Commonwealth</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Racial_views_of_Winston_Churchill" title="Racial views of Winston Churchill">Racial views of Winston Churchill</a></div> <p>There has been debate whether <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>, who was voted "the greatest ever Briton" in 2002, was "a racist and white supremacist".<sup id="cite_ref-Heyden_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heyden-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the context of rejecting the Arab wish to stop <a href="/wiki/Aliyah" title="Aliyah">Jewish immigration</a> to <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Palestine</a>, he said: </p> <blockquote><p>I do not admit that the <a href="/wiki/The_Dog_in_the_Manger" title="The Dog in the Manger">dog in the manger</a> has the final right to the manger, though he may have lain there for a very long time. I do not admit that right. I do not admit for instance that a great wrong has been done to the Red Indians of America or the black people of Australia. I do not admit that a wrong has been done to those people by the fact that a stronger race, a higher-grade race or at any rate a more worldly-wise race ... has come in and taken their place."<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>British historian <a href="/wiki/Richard_Toye" title="Richard Toye">Richard Toye</a>, author of <i>Churchill's Empire</i>, concluded that "Churchill did think that white people were superior."<sup id="cite_ref-Heyden_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heyden-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="South_Africa">South Africa</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">Apartheid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baasskap" title="Baasskap">Baasskap</a></div> <p>A number of Southern African nations experienced severe racial tension and conflict during global <a href="/wiki/Decolonization" title="Decolonization">decolonization</a>, particularly as <a href="/wiki/White_Africans_of_European_ancestry" title="White Africans of European ancestry">white Africans of European ancestry</a> fought to protect their preferential social and political status. Racial segregation in South Africa began in colonial times under the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Empire">Dutch Empire</a>. It continued when the British took over the <a href="/wiki/Cape_of_Good_Hope" title="Cape of Good Hope">Cape of Good Hope</a> in 1795. <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">Apartheid</a> was introduced as an officially structured policy by the <a href="/wiki/Afrikaners" title="Afrikaners">Afrikaner</a>-dominated <a href="/wiki/National_Party_(South_Africa)" title="National Party (South Africa)">National Party</a> after the <a href="/wiki/South_African_general_election,_1948" class="mw-redirect" title="South African general election, 1948">general election of 1948</a>. Apartheid's legislation divided inhabitants into four racial groups — "black", "white", "coloured", and "Indian", with coloured divided into several sub-classifications.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1970, the Afrikaner-run government <a href="/wiki/Separate_Representation_of_Voters_Amendment_Act,_1968" title="Separate Representation of Voters Amendment Act, 1968">abolished non-white political representation</a>, and starting that year <a href="/wiki/Black_people" title="Black people">black people</a> were deprived of South African citizenship.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> South Africa abolished apartheid in 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rhodesia">Rhodesia</h4></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Rhodesia" title="Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a> a predominantly white government issued its own <a href="/wiki/Rhodesia%27s_Unilateral_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence">unilateral declaration of independence</a> from the United Kingdom in 1965 during an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to avoid majority rule.<sup id="cite_ref-africapolitics_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-africapolitics-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the <a href="/wiki/Rhodesian_Bush_War" title="Rhodesian Bush War">Rhodesian Bush War</a> which was fought by <a href="/wiki/African_nationalism" title="African nationalism">African nationalists</a>, Rhodesian prime minister <a href="/wiki/Ian_Smith" title="Ian Smith">Ian Smith</a> acceded to biracial political representation in 1978 and the state achieved recognition from the United Kingdom as <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> in 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-zimstudy_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zimstudy-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany">Germany</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Aryanism" title="Aryanism">Aryanism</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a> promoted the idea of a superior <a href="/wiki/Germanic_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic people">Germanic people</a> or <a href="/wiki/Aryan_race" title="Aryan race">Aryan race</a> in Germany during the early 20th century. Notions of white supremacy and Aryan racial superiority were combined in the 19th century, with white supremacists maintaining the belief that white people were members of an Aryan "<a href="/wiki/Master_race" title="Master race">master race</a>" that was superior to other races, particularly the Jews, who were described as the "Semitic race", <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Names_of_the_Romani_people" title="Names of the Romani people">Gypsies</a>, who they associated with "cultural sterility". <a href="/wiki/Arthur_de_Gobineau" title="Arthur de Gobineau">Arthur de Gobineau</a>, a French racial theorist and aristocrat, blamed the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancien Régime"><i>ancien régime</i></a> in France on racial degeneracy caused by racial intermixing, which he argued had destroyed the "purity" of the Nordic or Germanic race. Gobineau's theories, which attracted a strong following in Germany, emphasized the existence of an irreconcilable polarity between Aryan or Germanic peoples and Jewish culture.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a>'s chief racial theorist, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Rosenberg" title="Alfred Rosenberg">Alfred Rosenberg</a> oversaw the construction of a human racial "ladder" that justified <a href="/wiki/Racial_policy_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Racial policy of Nazi Germany">Hitler's racial and ethnic policies</a>. Rosenberg promoted the <a href="/wiki/Nordic_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordic theory">Nordic theory</a>, which regarded <a href="/wiki/Nordic_race" title="Nordic race">Nordics</a> as the "master race", superior to all others, including other Aryans (Indo-Europeans).<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rosenberg got the racial term <i><a href="/wiki/Untermensch" title="Untermensch">Untermensch</a></i> from the title of <a href="/wiki/Klansman" class="mw-redirect" title="Klansman">Klansman</a> <a href="/wiki/Lothrop_Stoddard" title="Lothrop Stoddard">Lothrop Stoddard</a>'s 1922 book <i>The Revolt Against Civilization: The Menace of the Under-man</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was later adopted by the Nazis from that book's German version <i>Der Kulturumsturz: Die Drohung des Untermenschen</i> (1925).<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rosenberg was the leading Nazi who attributed the concept of the East-European "under man" to Stoddard.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An advocate of the U.S. immigration laws that favored Northern Europeans, Stoddard wrote primarily on the alleged dangers posed by "<a href="/wiki/Colored" title="Colored">colored</a>" peoples to white civilization, and wrote <i><a href="/wiki/The_Rising_Tide_of_Color_Against_White_World-Supremacy" title="The Rising Tide of Color Against White World-Supremacy">The Rising Tide of Color Against White World-Supremacy</a></i> in 1920. In establishing a restrictive entry system for Germany in 1925, Hitler wrote of his admiration for America's immigration laws: "The American Union categorically refuses the immigration of physically unhealthy elements, and simply excludes the immigration of certain races."<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>German praise for America's institutional racism, previously found in Hitler's <i><a href="/wiki/Mein_Kampf" title="Mein Kampf">Mein Kampf</a></i>, was continuous throughout the early 1930s. Nazi lawyers were advocates of the use of American models.<sup id="cite_ref-Whitman_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitman-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Race-based U.S. citizenship and anti-miscegenation laws directly inspired the Nazis' two principal <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg racial laws</a>—the Citizenship Law and the Blood Law.<sup id="cite_ref-Whitman_98-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitman-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To preserve the Aryan or <a href="/wiki/Nordic_race" title="Nordic race">Nordic race</a>, the Nazis introduced the Nuremberg Laws in 1935, which forbade sexual relations and marriages between Germans and Jews, and later between Germans and <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavs</a>. The Nazis used the <a href="/wiki/Mendelian_inheritance" title="Mendelian inheritance">Mendelian inheritance</a> theory to argue that social traits were innate, claiming that there was a racial nature associated with certain general traits, such as inventiveness or criminal behavior.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the 2012 annual report of Germany's interior intelligence service, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Office_for_the_Protection_of_the_Constitution" title="Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution">Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution</a>, at the time there were 26,000 right-wing extremists living in Germany, including 6,000 <a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazis" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Nazis">neo-Nazis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia_and_New_Zealand">Australia and New Zealand</h3></div> <p>Fifty-one people died from <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_mosque_shootings" title="Christchurch mosque shootings">two consecutive terrorist attacks</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Al_Noor_Mosque,_Christchurch" title="Al Noor Mosque, Christchurch">Al Noor Mosque</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Linwood_Islamic_Centre" title="Linwood Islamic Centre">Linwood Islamic Centre</a> by an Australian white supremacist carried out on March 15, 2019. The terrorist attacks have been described by Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Jacinda_Ardern" title="Jacinda Ardern">Jacinda Ardern</a> as "One of New Zealand's darkest days". On August 27, 2020, the shooter was sentenced to <a href="/wiki/Life_imprisonment" title="Life imprisonment">life without parole</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016, there was a rise in debate over the appropriateness of the naming of <a href="/wiki/Massey_University" title="Massey University">Massey University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Palmerston_North" title="Palmerston North">Palmerston North</a> after <a href="/wiki/William_Massey" title="William Massey">William Massey</a>, whom many historians and critics have described as a white supremacist.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lecturer Steve Elers was a leading proponent of the idea that Massey was an avowed white supremacist, given Massey "made several anti-Chinese racist statements in the public domain" and intensified the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_head_tax" title="New Zealand head tax">New Zealand head tax</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1921, Massey wrote in the <i><a href="/wiki/The_Evening_Post_(New_Zealand)" title="The Evening Post (New Zealand)">Evening Post</a>:</i> "New Zealanders are probably the purest Anglo-Saxon population in the British Empire. Nature intended New Zealand to be a white man's country, and it must be kept as such. The strain of Polynesian will be no detriment". This is one of many quotes attributed to him regarded as being openly racist.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ideologies_and_movements">Ideologies and movements</h2></div> <p>Supporters of <a href="/wiki/Nordic_race#Nordicism" title="Nordic race">Nordicism</a> consider the "Nordic peoples" to be a superior race.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the early 19th century, white supremacy was attached to emerging theories of racial hierarchy. The German philosopher <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schopenhauer" title="Arthur Schopenhauer">Arthur Schopenhauer</a> attributed cultural primacy to the white race: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The highest civilization and culture, apart from the ancient <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egyptians</a>, are found exclusively among the white races; and even with many dark peoples, the ruling caste or race is fairer in colour than the rest and has, therefore, evidently immigrated, for example, the <a href="/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahmins</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Incas</a>, and the rulers of the <a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">South Sea Islands</a>. All this is due to the fact that necessity is the mother of invention because those tribes that emigrated early to the north, and there gradually became white, had to develop all their intellectual powers and invent and perfect all the arts in their struggle with need, want and misery, which in their many forms were brought about by the climate.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Good_Citizen_Pillar_of_Fire_Church_July_1926.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Good_Citizen_Pillar_of_Fire_Church_July_1926.jpg/220px-Good_Citizen_Pillar_of_Fire_Church_July_1926.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Good_Citizen_Pillar_of_Fire_Church_July_1926.jpg/330px-Good_Citizen_Pillar_of_Fire_Church_July_1926.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Good_Citizen_Pillar_of_Fire_Church_July_1926.jpg/440px-Good_Citizen_Pillar_of_Fire_Church_July_1926.jpg 2x" data-file-width="736" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/The_Good_Citizen" title="The Good Citizen">The Good Citizen</a></i> 1926, published by <a href="/wiki/Pillar_of_Fire_International" title="Pillar of Fire International">Pillar of Fire Church</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Eugenics" title="Eugenics">eugenicist</a> <a href="/wiki/Madison_Grant" title="Madison Grant">Madison Grant</a> argued in his 1916 book, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Passing_of_the_Great_Race" title="The Passing of the Great Race">The Passing of the Great Race</a></i>, that the Nordic race had been responsible for most of humanity's great achievements, and that <a href="/wiki/Miscegenation" title="Miscegenation">admixture</a> was "race suicide".<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this book, Europeans who are not of Germanic origin but have Nordic characteristics such as blonde/red hair and blue/green/gray eyes, were considered to be a Nordic admixture and suitable for <a href="/wiki/Aryanization_(Nazism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aryanization (Nazism)">Aryanization</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Grant1916_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grant1916-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Klan-in-gainesville.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Klan-in-gainesville.jpg/220px-Klan-in-gainesville.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Klan-in-gainesville.jpg/330px-Klan-in-gainesville.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Klan-in-gainesville.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="282" /></a><figcaption>Members of the second <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a> at a rally in 1923</figcaption></figure> <p>In the United States, the groups most associated with the white-supremacist movement are the <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a> (KKK), <a href="/wiki/Aryan_Nations" title="Aryan Nations">Aryan Nations</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/White_American_Resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="White American Resistance">White American Resistance</a> movement, all of which are also considered to be <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_United_States" title="Antisemitism in the United States">antisemitic</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Proud_Boys" title="Proud Boys">Proud Boys</a>, despite claiming non-association with white supremacy, have been described in academic contexts as being such.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many white-supremacist groups are based on the concept of preserving genetic purity, and do not focus solely on discrimination based on skin color. The KKK's reasons for supporting <a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">racial segregation</a> are not primarily based on religious ideals, but some Klan groups are openly <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The 1915 silent drama film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Birth_of_a_Nation" title="The Birth of a Nation">The Birth of a Nation</a></i> followed the rising racial, economic, political, and geographic tensions leading up to the <a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation" title="Emancipation Proclamation">Emancipation Proclamation</a> and the Southern <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction era</a> that was the genesis of the Ku Klux Klan.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> promulgated white supremacy based on the belief that the <a href="/wiki/Aryan_race" title="Aryan race">Aryan race</a>, or the Germans, were the <i><a href="/wiki/Master_race" title="Master race">master race</a></i>. It was combined with a <a href="/wiki/Nazi_eugenics" title="Nazi eugenics">eugenics programme</a> that aimed for <a href="/wiki/Racial_hygiene" title="Racial hygiene">racial hygiene</a> through compulsory sterilization of sick individuals and extermination of <i><a href="/wiki/Untermensch" title="Untermensch">Untermenschen</a></i> ("subhumans"): <a href="/wiki/Anti-Slavic_sentiment" title="Anti-Slavic sentiment">Slavs</a>, Jews and <a href="/wiki/Antiziganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiziganism">Romani</a>, which eventually culminated in <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">the Holocaust</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-USHMM_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USHMM-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Christian_Identity" title="Christian Identity">Christian Identity</a> is another movement closely tied to white supremacy. Some white supremacists identify themselves as <a href="/wiki/Heathenry_(new_religious_movement)" title="Heathenry (new religious movement)">Odinists</a>, although many Odinists reject white supremacy. Some white-supremacist groups, such as the South African <a href="/wiki/Boeremag" title="Boeremag">Boeremag</a>, conflate elements of Christianity and Odinism. <a href="/wiki/Creativity_(religion)" title="Creativity (religion)">Creativity</a> (formerly known as "The World Church of the Creator") is <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">atheistic</a> and it denounces Christianity and other <a href="/wiki/Theism" title="Theism">theistic religions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Atheistic_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atheistic-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Atheism_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atheism-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aside from this, its ideology is similar to that of many Christian Identity groups because it believes in the <a href="/wiki/List_of_conspiracy_theories#Antisemitic_conspiracy_theories" title="List of conspiracy theories">antisemitic conspiracy theory</a> that there is a "Jewish conspiracy" in control of governments, the banking industry and the media. <a href="/wiki/Matthew_F._Hale" title="Matthew F. Hale">Matthew F. Hale</a>, founder of the World Church of the Creator, has published articles stating that all races other than white are "mud races", which is what the group's religion teaches.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The white-supremacist ideology has become associated with a racist faction of the <a href="/wiki/Skinhead" title="Skinhead">skinhead</a> <a href="/wiki/Subculture" title="Subculture">subculture</a>, despite the fact that when the skinhead culture first developed in the United Kingdom in the late 1960s, it was heavily influenced by black fashions and <a href="/wiki/Black_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Black music">music</a>, especially Jamaican <a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">reggae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ska" title="Ska">ska</a>, and African American <a href="/wiki/Soul_music" title="Soul music">soul music</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-skinheads_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-skinheads-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>White-supremacist recruitment activities are primarily conducted at a <a href="/wiki/Grassroots" title="Grassroots">grassroots</a> level as well as on the Internet. Widespread access to the Internet has led to a dramatic increase in white-supremacist websites.<sup id="cite_ref-Adversity_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adversity-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Internet provides a venue for open expression of white-supremacist ideas at little <a href="/wiki/Social_cost" title="Social cost">social cost</a> because people who post the information are able to remain anonymous. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="White_nationalism">White nationalism</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">White nationalism</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="White_separatism">White separatism</h3></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="White_separatism"></span> White <a href="/wiki/Separatism" title="Separatism">separatism</a> is a political and social movement that seeks the separation of <a href="/wiki/White_people" title="White people">white people</a> from people of other <a href="/wiki/Race_(human_categorization)" title="Race (human categorization)">races</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ethnicity" title="Ethnicity">ethnicities</a>. This may include the establishment of a <a href="/wiki/White_ethnostate" title="White ethnostate">white ethnostate</a> by removing non-whites from existing communities or by forming new communities elsewhere.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most modern researchers do not view white separatism as distinct from white-supremacist beliefs. The <a href="/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League" title="Anti-Defamation League">Anti-Defamation League</a> defines white separatism as "a form of white supremacy";<sup id="cite_ref-ADL_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ADL-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Southern Poverty Law Center defines both white nationalism and white separatism as "ideologies based on white supremacy."<sup id="cite_ref-SPLC_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SPLC-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Facebook has banned content that is openly <a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">white nationalist</a> or white separatist because "white nationalism and white separatism cannot be meaningfully separated from white supremacy and organized hate groups".<sup id="cite_ref-Facebook_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Facebook-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Use of the term to self-identify has been criticized as a dishonest rhetorical ploy. The Anti-Defamation League argues that white supremacists use the phrase because they believe it has fewer negative connotations than the term <i>white supremacist</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ADL_def_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ADL_def-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dobratz and Shanks-Meile reported that adherents usually reject <a href="/wiki/Interracial_marriage" title="Interracial marriage">marriage "outside the white race"</a>. They argued for the existence of "a distinction between the white supremacist's desire to dominate (as in <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slavery</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">segregation</a>) and complete separation by race".<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They argued that this is a matter of pragmatism, because, while many white supremacists are also white separatists, contemporary white separatists reject the view that returning to a system of segregation is possible or desirable in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Notable_white_separatists">Notable white separatists</h4></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Anglin" title="Andrew Anglin">Andrew Anglin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Abernethy" title="Virginia Abernethy">Virginia Abernethy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_Anning" title="Fraser Anning">Fraser Anning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Lee_Baum" class="mw-redirect" title="Gordon Lee Baum">Gordon Lee Baum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Beam" title="Louis Beam">Louis Beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Black_(white_supremacist)" title="Don Black (white supremacist)">Don Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Girnt_Butler" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Girnt Butler">Richard Girnt Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Chittum" title="Thomas W. Chittum">Thomas W. Chittum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Covington" title="Harold Covington">Harold Covington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Duke" title="David Duke">David Duke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Enoch" title="Mike Enoch">Mike Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_T._Francis" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel T. Francis">Samuel T. Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Griffin" title="Nick Griffin">Nick Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_H._Hart" title="Michael H. Hart">Michael H. Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kemp" title="Arthur Kemp">Arthur Kemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Klassen" title="Ben Klassen">Ben Klassen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lane_(white_supremacist)" title="David Lane (white supremacist)">David Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Massey" title="William Massey">William Massey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Jay_Mathews" title="Robert Jay Mathews">Robert Jay Mathews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Metzger" title="Tom Metzger">Tom Metzger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merlin_Miller" title="Merlin Miller">Merlin Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revilo_P._Oliver" title="Revilo P. Oliver">Revilo P. Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Luther_Pierce" title="William Luther Pierce">William Luther Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Spencer" title="Richard B. Spencer">Richard B. Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Alfred_Strom" title="Kevin Alfred Strom">Kevin Alfred Strom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_Taylor" title="Jared Taylor">Jared Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Terre%27Blanche" title="Eugène Terre'Blanche">Eugène Terre'Blanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andries_Treurnicht" title="Andries Treurnicht">Andries Treurnicht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tyndall_(far-right_activist)" title="John Tyndall (far-right activist)">John Tyndall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Frensch_Verwoerd" class="mw-redirect" title="Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd">Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes">Varg Vikernes</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Aligned_organizations_and_philosophies">Aligned organizations and philosophies</h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Brotherhood" title="Aryan Brotherhood">Aryan Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Identity" title="Christian Identity">Christian Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Conservative_Citizens" title="Council of Conservative Citizens">Council of Conservative Citizens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnopluralism" title="Ethnopluralism">Ethnopluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurocentrism" title="Eurocentrism">Eurocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National-anarchism" title="National-anarchism">National-anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Confederate" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Confederate">Neo-Confederate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="New Orleans Protocol">New Orleans Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territorial_Imperative" title="Northwest Territorial Imperative">Northwest Territorial Imperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkstaat" title="Volkstaat">Volkstaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_pride" title="White pride">White pride</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academic_use_of_the_term">Academic use of the term</h2></div> <p>The term <i>white supremacy</i> is used in some academic studies of racial power to denote a system of structural or <a href="/wiki/Societal_racism" title="Societal racism">societal racism</a> which privileges white people over others, regardless of the presence or the absence of racial hatred. According to this definition, white racial advantages occur at both a collective and an individual level (<i><a href="/wiki/Ceteris_paribus" title="Ceteris paribus">ceteris paribus</a></i>, <span class="nowrap">i. e.</span>, when individuals are compared that do not differ relevantly except in ethnicity). Legal scholar Frances Lee Ansley explains this definition as follows: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>By "white supremacy" I do not mean to allude only to the self-conscious racism of white supremacist <a href="/wiki/Hate_group" title="Hate group">hate groups</a>. I refer instead to a political, economic and cultural system in which whites overwhelmingly control power and material resources, conscious and unconscious ideas of white superiority and entitlement are widespread, and relations of white dominance and non-white subordination are daily reenacted across a broad array of institutions and social settings.<sup id="cite_ref-ansley1_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ansley1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ansley2_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ansley2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>This and similar definitions have been adopted or proposed by <a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Mills" title="Charles W. Mills">Charles W. Mills</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:11_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bell_hooks" title="Bell hooks">bell hooks</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:12_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/David_Gillborn" title="David Gillborn">David Gillborn</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:13_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jessie Daniels,<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Neely Fuller Jr,<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and they are widely used in <a href="/wiki/Critical_race_theory" title="Critical race theory">critical race theory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Intersectionality" title="Intersectionality">intersectional feminism</a>. Some <a href="/wiki/Anti-racism" title="Anti-racism">anti-racist</a> educators, such as Betita Martinez and the Challenging White Supremacy workshop, also use the term in this way. The term expresses historic continuities between a pre–<a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights movement</a> era of open white supremacy and the current racial power structure of the United States. It also expresses the visceral impact of structural racism through "provocative and brutal" language that characterizes racism as "nefarious, global, systemic, and constant".<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Academic users of the term sometimes prefer it to <i>racism</i> because it allows for a distinction to be drawn between racist feelings and white racial advantage or <a href="/wiki/White_privilege" title="White privilege">privilege</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:10_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/John_McWhorter" title="John McWhorter">John McWhorter</a>, a specialist in language and race relations, explains the gradual replacement of "racism" by "white supremacy" by the fact that "potent terms need refreshment, especially when heavily used", drawing a parallel with the replacement of "chauvinist" by "sexist"<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><i>.</i> </p><p>Other intellectuals have criticized the term's recent rise in popularity among leftist activists as counterproductive. John McWhorter has described the use of "white supremacy" as straying from its commonly accepted meaning to encompass less extreme issues, thereby cheapening the term and potentially derailing productive discussion.<sup id="cite_ref-left_language_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-left_language-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McWhorter_139-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McWhorter-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Political columnist <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Drum" title="Kevin Drum">Kevin Drum</a> attributes the term's growing popularity to frequent use by <a href="/wiki/Ta-Nehisi_Coates" title="Ta-Nehisi Coates">Ta-Nehisi Coates</a>, describing it as a "terrible fad" that fails to convey nuance. He claims that the term should be reserved for those who are trying to promote the idea that whites are inherently superior to blacks and not used to characterize less blatantly racist beliefs or actions.<sup id="cite_ref-MotherJ_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MotherJ-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Friedersdorf_141-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Friedersdorf-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The academic use of the term to refer to <a href="/wiki/Systemic_racism" class="mw-redirect" title="Systemic racism">systemic racism</a> has been criticized by <a href="/wiki/Conor_Friedersdorf" title="Conor Friedersdorf">Conor Friedersdorf</a> for the confusion that it creates for the general public, inasmuch as it differs from the more common dictionary definition; he argues that it is likely to alienate those that it hopes to convince.<sup id="cite_ref-Friedersdorf_141-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Friedersdorf-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrophobia">Afrophobia</a> – Fear or hatred of African people<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mexican_sentiment" title="Anti-Mexican sentiment">Anti-Mexican sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Romani_sentiment" title="Anti-Romani sentiment">Anti-Romani sentiment</a> – Racism against Romani people</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a> – Hostility, prejudice, or discrimination against Jews</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basking_in_reflected_glory" title="Basking in reflected glory">Basking in reflected glory</a> – associating oneself with successful other such that their success becomes one's own<span style="display:none" class="category-wikidata-fallback-annotation">Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_supremacy" title="Black supremacy">Black supremacy</a> – Belief in superiority of black people</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boreal_(politics_and_culture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boreal (politics and culture)">Boreal (politics and culture)</a> – Form of exoticism<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Identity" title="Christian Identity">Christian Identity</a> – White supremacist interpretation of Christianity</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creativity_(religion)" title="Creativity (religion)">Creativity (religion)</a> – Religion classified as a neo-Nazi hate group</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurocentrism" title="Eurocentrism">Eurocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Cress_Welsing" title="Frances Cress Welsing">Frances Cress Welsing</a> – American psychiatrist (1935–2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heroes_of_the_Fiery_Cross" title="Heroes of the Fiery Cross">Heroes of the Fiery Cross</a> – 1928 nonfiction book by white supremacist Alma Bridwell White</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanophobia">Hispanophobia</a> – Fear or hatred of Spanish people or culture<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinism" title="Kinism">Kinism</a> – Segregationist religious movement</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Me_and_White_Supremacy" title="Me and White Supremacy">Me and White Supremacy</a> – 2020 book by Layla Saad</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_intelligence" title="Race and intelligence">Race and intelligence</a> – Discussions and claims of differences in intelligence along racial lines</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_Black_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Racism against Black Americans">Racism against Black Americans</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_White_Man%27s_Burden" title="The White Man's Burden">The White Man's Burden</a> – Poem by the English poet Rudyard Kipling"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Supremacy_(book)" title="Western Supremacy (book)">Western Supremacy (book)</a> – Book article</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_white_nationalist_organizations" title="List of white nationalist organizations">White nationalist organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_power_skinheads" class="mw-redirect" title="White power skinheads">White power skinheads</a> – Members of a neo-Nazi, white supremacist and antisemitic offshoot of the skinhead subculture<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_power_symbol_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="White power symbol (disambiguation)">White power symbol (disambiguation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_pride" title="White pride">White pride</a> – Racial expression</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">White nationalism</a> – Ideology that seeks to develop a white national identity</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This quote is by Klineberg in the NPR story, not from the text of any US law.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Philip_Jenkins2021" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">John Philip Jenkins (April 13, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/white-supremacy">"white supremacy"</a>. <i>britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220427101628/https://www.britannica.com/topic/white-supremacy">Archived</a> from the original on April 27, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 14,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=white+supremacy&rft.btitle=britannica&rft.date=2021-04-13&rft.au=John+Philip+Jenkins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2Fwhite-supremacy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Association_of_Physical_Anthropologists2019" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/American_Association_of_Physical_Anthropologists" class="mw-redirect" title="American Association of Physical Anthropologists">American Association of Physical Anthropologists</a> (March 27, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://physanth.org/about/position-statements/aapa-statement-race-and-racism-2019/">"AAPA Statement on Race and Racism"</a>. <i>American Association of Physical Anthropologists</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220125163036/https://physanth.org/about/position-statements/aapa-statement-race-and-racism-2019/">Archived</a> from the original on January 25, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2020</span>. <q>Instead, the Western concept of race must be understood as a classification system that emerged from, and in support of, European colonialism, oppression, and discrimination.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Association+of+Physical+Anthropologists&rft.atitle=AAPA+Statement+on+Race+and+Racism&rft.date=2019-03-27&rft.au=American+Association+of+Physical+Anthropologists&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphysanth.org%2Fabout%2Fposition-statements%2Faapa-statement-race-and-racism-2019%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Ostensibly scientific": cf. Theodore M. Porter, Dorothy Ross (eds.) 2003. The Cambridge History of Science: Volume 7, The Modern Social Sciences Cambridge University Press, p. 293 "Race has long played a powerful popular role in explaining social and cultural traits, often in ostensibly scientific terms"; Adam Kuper, Jessica Kuper (eds.), <i>The Social Science Encyclopedia</i> (1996), "Racism", p. 716: "This [<i><a href="/wiki/Sc." class="mw-redirect" title="Sc.">sc.</a> scientific</i>] racism entailed the use of 'scientific techniques', to sanction the belief in European and American racial Superiority"; <i>Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Questions to Sociobiology</i> (1998), "Race, theories of", p. 18: "Its exponents [<i>sc. of scientific racism</i>] tended to equate race with species and claimed that it constituted a scientific explanation of human history"; Terry Jay Ellingson, <i>The myth of the noble savage</i> (2001), 147ff. "In scientific racism, the racism was never very scientific; nor, it could at least be argued, was whatever met the qualifications of actual science ever very racist" (p. 151); Paul A. Erickson, Liam D. Murphy, <i>A History of Anthropological Theory</i> (2008), p. 152: "Scientific racism: Improper or incorrect science that actively or passively supports racism".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRay2022" class="citation web cs1">Ray, William (June 3, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/programmes/the-aotearoa-history-show/story/2018844576/season-2-ep-6-native-land-court">"Season 2 Ep 6: Native Land Court"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/RNZ" class="mw-redirect" title="RNZ">RNZ</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231202183417/https://www.rnz.co.nz/programmes/the-aotearoa-history-show/story/2018844576/season-2-ep-6-native-land-court">Archived</a> from the original on December 2, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 25,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RNZ&rft.atitle=Season+2+Ep+6%3A+Native+Land+Court&rft.date=2022-06-03&rft.aulast=Ray&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Fprogrammes%2Fthe-aotearoa-history-show%2Fstory%2F2018844576%2Fseason-2-ep-6-native-land-court&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWildman1996" class="citation book cs1">Wildman, Stephanie M. (1996). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/privilegereveale00wild"><i>Privilege Revealed: How Invisible Preference Undermines America</i></a></span>. NYU Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/privilegereveale00wild/page/87">87</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-9303-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-9303-9"><bdi>978-0-8147-9303-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Privilege+Revealed%3A+How+Invisible+Preference+Undermines+America&rft.pages=87&rft.pub=NYU+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-8147-9303-9&rft.aulast=Wildman&rft.aufirst=Stephanie+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fprivilegereveale00wild&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Helms_2016_6–7-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Helms_2016_6–7_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Helms_2016_6–7_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelms2016" class="citation journal cs1">Helms, Janet (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170514172609/https://www.bc.edu/content/dam/files/schools/lsoe_sites/isprc/pdf/Helms%20LPT%202016%20(1).pdf">"An election to save White Heterosexual Male Privilege"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Latina/o Psychology Today</i>. <b>3</b> (2): 6–7. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bc.edu/content/dam/files/schools/lsoe_sites/isprc/pdf/Helms%20LPT%202016%20(1).pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on May 14, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Latina%2Fo+Psychology+Today&rft.atitle=An+election+to+save+White+Heterosexual+Male+Privilege&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=6-7&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Helms&rft.aufirst=Janet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bc.edu%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Ffiles%2Fschools%2Flsoe_sites%2Fisprc%2Fpdf%2FHelms%2520LPT%25202016%2520%281%29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrody2021" class="citation magazine cs1">Brody, Richard (April 9, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/culture/the-front-row/exterminate-all-the-brutes-reviewed-a-vast-agonizing-history-of-white-supremacy">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Exterminate All the Brutes," Reviewed: A Vast, Agonizing History of White Supremacy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210409233933/https://www.newyorker.com/culture/the-front-row/exterminate-all-the-brutes-reviewed-a-vast-agonizing-history-of-white-supremacy">Archived</a> from the original on April 9, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 28,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=%22Exterminate+All+the+Brutes%2C%22+Reviewed%3A+A+Vast%2C+Agonizing+History+of+White+Supremacy&rft.date=2021-04-09&rft.aulast=Brody&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fculture%2Fthe-front-row%2Fexterminate-all-the-brutes-reviewed-a-vast-agonizing-history-of-white-supremacy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Building a Corporate Culture of Security: Strategies for Strengthening Organizational Resiliency</i>. p. 41.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Building+a+Corporate+Culture+of+Security%3A+Strategies+for+Strengthening+Organizational+Resiliency&rft.pages=41&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKutner2020" class="citation journal cs1">Kutner, Samantha (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/resrep25259.pdf">"Swiping Right: The Allure of Hyper Masculinity and Cryptofascism for Men Who Join the Proud Boys"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>International Centre for Counter-Terrorism</i>: 1. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep25259">resrep25259</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230419225944/https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/resrep25259.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on April 19, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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April 11, 2016. Archived from <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalreview.com/magazine/2016/04/11/donald-trump-white-supremacist-supporters/">the original</a></span> on August 24, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 17,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=The+White+Nationalists+Who+Support+Donald+Trump&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Candace&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FPolitics%2Fwhite-nationalists-support-donald-trump%2Fstory%3Fid%3D37524610&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:9_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/trump-white-nationalists_n_56dd99c2e4b0ffe6f8e9ee7c">"How Trump Is Inspiring A New Generation Of White Nationalists"</a>. <i>HuffPost</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 17,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=How+Trump+Is+Inspiring+A+New+Generation+Of+White+Nationalists&rft.date=2016-03-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffpost.com%2Fentry%2Ftrump-white-nationalists_n_56dd99c2e4b0ffe6f8e9ee7c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:10_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPollockMyszkowski" class="citation web cs1">Pollock, Nicolas; Myszkowski, Sophia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/video/index/536793/hate-groups-are-growing-under-trump/">"Hate Groups Are Growing Under Trump"</a>. <i>The Atlantic</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220921225433/https://www.theatlantic.com/video/index/536793/hate-groups-are-growing-under-trump/">Archived</a> from the original on September 21, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Hate+Groups+Are+Growing+Under+Trump&rft.aulast=Pollock&rft.aufirst=Nicolas&rft.au=Myszkowski%2C+Sophia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fvideo%2Findex%2F536793%2Fhate-groups-are-growing-under-trump%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Flint_2004,_p._53-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Flint_2004,_p._53_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Flint_2004,_p._53_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlint2004" class="citation book cs1">Flint, Colin (2004). <i>Spaces of Hate: Geographies of Discrimination and Intolerance in the U.S.A</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 14,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=%27Jews+will+not+replace+us%27%3A+Why+white+supremacists+go+after+Jews&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Facts-of-faith%2Fwp%2F2017%2F08%2F14%2Fjews-will-not-replace-us-why-white-supremacists-go-after-jews%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220713225139/https://www.npr.org/2018/10/30/662253632/how-anti-semitism-is-tied-to-white-nationalism">"How Anti-Semitism Is Tied To White Nationalism"</a>. <i>National Public Radio</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Public+Radio&rft.atitle=How+Anti-Semitism+Is+Tied+To+White+Nationalism&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2018%2F10%2F30%2F662253632%2Fhow-anti-semitism-is-tied-to-white-nationalism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAli2022" class="citation news cs1">Ali, Wajahat (January 19, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220713225140/https://www.thedailybeast.com/antisemitism-is-the-root-of-all-white-supremacist-terrorism">"Antisemitism Is Driving White Supremacist Terror In The United States"</a>. <i>The Daily Beast</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/antisemitism-is-the-root-of-all-white-supremacist-terrorism">the original</a> on July 13, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 19,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=Antisemitism+Is+Driving+White+Supremacist+Terror+In+The+United+States&rft.date=2022-01-19&rft.aulast=Ali&rft.aufirst=Wajahat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Fantisemitism-is-the-root-of-all-white-supremacist-terrorism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220713223944/https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/why-are-so-many-white-nationalists-virulently-anti-lgbt-n794466">"Why Are So Many White Nationalists 'Virulently Anti-LGBT'?"</a>. <i>National Broadcasting Company</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 21,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Broadcasting+Company&rft.atitle=Why+Are+So+Many+White+Nationalists+%27Virulently+Anti-LGBT%27%3F&rft.date=2017-08-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Ffeature%2Fnbc-out%2Fwhy-are-so-many-white-nationalists-virulently-anti-lgbt-n794466&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220713223943/https://www.npr.org/2022/06/19/1106125400/why-are-white-nationalist-groups-targeting-lgbtq-groups">"Why are white nationalist groups targeting LGBTQ groups?"</a>. <i>National Public Radio</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Public+Radio&rft.atitle=Why+are+white+nationalist+groups+targeting+LGBTQ+groups%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2022%2F06%2F19%2F1106125400%2Fwhy-are-white-nationalist-groups-targeting-lgbtq-groups&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220713224702/https://www.cnn.com/2022/06/15/us/white-supremacy-anti-lgbtq-bigotry/index.html">"White supremacy's rigid views on gender and sexuality"</a>. <i>Cable News Network</i>. June 15, 2022. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2022/06/15/us/white-supremacy-anti-lgbtq-bigotry/index.html">the original</a> on July 13, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 15,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cable+News+Network&rft.atitle=White+supremacy%27s+rigid+views+on+gender+and+sexuality&rft.date=2022-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2022%2F06%2F15%2Fus%2Fwhite-supremacy-anti-lgbtq-bigotry%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220713225915/https://www.knoxnews.com/story/news/crime/2018/06/13/knoxville-pridefest-parade-white-nationalists-protest/697812002/">"Knoxville Pridefest parade: White nationalists to protest"</a>. <i>Knoxnews</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.knoxnews.com/story/news/crime/2018/06/13/knoxville-pridefest-parade-white-nationalists-protest/697812002/">the original</a> on July 13, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 13,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Knoxnews&rft.atitle=Knoxville+Pridefest+parade%3A+White+nationalists+to+protest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.knoxnews.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fcrime%2F2018%2F06%2F13%2Fknoxville-pridefest-parade-white-nationalists-protest%2F697812002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ansley1-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ansley1_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ansley1_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnsley1989" class="citation journal cs1">Ansley, Frances Lee (1989). "Stirring the Ashes: Race, Class and the Future of Civil Rights Scholarship". <i>Cornell Law Review</i>. <b>74</b>: 993ff.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cornell+Law+Review&rft.atitle=Stirring+the+Ashes%3A+Race%2C+Class+and+the+Future+of+Civil+Rights+Scholarship&rft.volume=74&rft.pages=993ff&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Ansley&rft.aufirst=Frances+Lee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ansley2-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ansley2_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ansley2_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnsley1997" class="citation book cs1">Ansley, Frances Lee (June 29, 1997). "White supremacy (and what we should do about it)". In Richard Delgado; Jean Stefancic (eds.). <i>Critical white studies: Looking behind the mirror</i>. Temple University Press. p. 592. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56639-532-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56639-532-8"><bdi>978-1-56639-532-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=White+supremacy+%28and+what+we+should+do+about+it%29&rft.btitle=Critical+white+studies%3A+Looking+behind+the+mirror&rft.pages=592&rft.pub=Temple+University+Press&rft.date=1997-06-29&rft.isbn=978-1-56639-532-8&rft.aulast=Ansley&rft.aufirst=Frances+Lee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:11-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:11_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMills2003" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Mills" title="Charles W. Mills">Mills, C.W.</a> (2003). "White supremacy as sociopolitical system: A philosophical perspective". <i>White Out: The Continuing Significance of Racism</i>: 35–48.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=White+Out%3A+The+Continuing+Significance+of+Racism&rft.atitle=White+supremacy+as+sociopolitical+system%3A+A+philosophical+perspective&rft.pages=35-48&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Mills&rft.aufirst=C.W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:12_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHooks2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bell_hooks" title="Bell hooks">Hooks, Bell</a> (2000). <i>Feminist theory: From margin to center</i>. Pluto Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7453-1663-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7453-1663-5"><bdi>978-0-7453-1663-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Feminist+theory%3A+From+margin+to+center&rft.pub=Pluto+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-7453-1663-5&rft.aulast=Hooks&rft.aufirst=Bell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:13-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:13_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillborn2006" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Gillborn" title="David Gillborn">Gillborn, David</a> (September 1, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/23036">"Rethinking White Supremacy Who Counts in 'WhiteWorld'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Ethnicities</i>. <b>6</b> (3): 318–40. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1468796806068323">10.1177/1468796806068323</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1468-7968">1468-7968</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:8984059">8984059</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220922010421/https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/23036">Archived</a> from the original on September 22, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ethnicities&rft.atitle=Rethinking+White+Supremacy+Who+Counts+in+%27WhiteWorld%27&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=318-40&rft.date=2006-09-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A8984059%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1468-7968&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1468796806068323&rft.aulast=Gillborn&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ssoar.info%2Fssoar%2Fhandle%2Fdocument%2F23036&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://naacp.org/find-resources/history-explained/history-lynching-america">"History of Lynching in America"</a>. NAACP. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230103133929/https://naacp.org/find-resources/history-explained/history-lynching-america">Archived</a> from the original on January 3, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 14,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=History+of+Lynching+in+America&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnaacp.org%2Ffind-resources%2Fhistory-explained%2Fhistory-lynching-america&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFredrickson1981" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_M._Fredrickson" title="George M. Fredrickson">Fredrickson, George</a> (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whitesupremacy00geor/page/162"><i>White Supremacy</i></a>. Oxford Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whitesupremacy00geor/page/162">162</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-503042-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-503042-6"><bdi>978-0-19-503042-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=White+Supremacy&rft.place=Oxford+Oxfordshire&rft.pages=162&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-19-503042-6&rft.aulast=Fredrickson&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhitesupremacy00geor%2Fpage%2F162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boggs-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Boggs_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoggs1970" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Boggs_(activist)" title="James Boggs (activist)">Boggs, James</a> (October 1970). "Uprooting Racism and Racists in the United States". <i>The Black Scholar</i>. <b>2</b> (2). Paradigm Publishers: 2–5. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00064246.1970.11431000">10.1080/00064246.1970.11431000</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41202851">41202851</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Black+Scholar&rft.atitle=Uprooting+Racism+and+Racists+in+the+United+States&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=2-5&rft.date=1970-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00064246.1970.11431000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41202851%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Boggs&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Finkelman" title="Paul Finkelman">Paul Finkelman</a> (November 12, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/01/opinion/the-real-thomas-jefferson.html?pagewanted=all">"The Monster of Monticello"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220409233132/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/01/opinion/the-real-thomas-jefferson.html?pagewanted=all">Archived</a> April 9, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. Retrieved July 14, 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2012" class="citation news cs1">Harris, Paul (June 16, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jun/16/slavery-starvation-civil-war">"How the end of slavery led to starvation and death for millions of black Americans"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130914160449/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jun/16/slavery-starvation-civil-war">Archived</a> from the original on September 14, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 28,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=How+the+end+of+slavery+led+to+starvation+and+death+for+millions+of+black+Americans&rft.date=2012-06-16&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2012%2Fjun%2F16%2Fslavery-starvation-civil-war&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/csa_texsec.asp">A Declaration of the Causes which Impel the State of Texas to Secede from the Federal Union</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110811013053/http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/csa_texsec.asp">Archived</a> August 11, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>: "We hold as undeniable truths that the governments of the various States, and of the confederacy itself, were established exclusively by the white race, for themselves and their posterity; that the African race had no agency in their establishment; that they were rightfully held and regarded as an inferior and dependent race, and in that condition only could their existence in this country be rendered beneficial or tolerable. That in this free government all white men are and of right ought to be entitled to equal civil and political rights; that the servitude of the African race, as existing in these States, is mutually beneficial to both bond and free, and is abundantly authorized and justified by the experience of mankind, and the revealed will of the Almighty Creator, as recognized by all Christian nations; while the destruction of the existing relations between the two races, as advocated by our sectional enemies, would bring inevitable calamities upon both and desolation upon the fifteen slave-holding states."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/index.asp?documentprint=76">The controversial "Cornerstone Speech", Alexander H. Stephens (Vice President of the Confederate States), March 21, 1861, Savannah, Georgia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071117085333/http://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/index.asp?documentprint=76">Archived</a> November 17, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>: "Our new government is founded upon exactly the opposite idea; its foundations are laid, its cornerstone rests, upon the great truth that the negro is not equal to the white man; that slavery—subordination to the superior race—is his natural and normal condition."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071209193251/http://www.northern.edu/hastingw/baumedts.htm">"L. Frank Baum's Editorials on the Sioux Nation"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northern.edu/hastingw/baumedts.htm">the original</a> on December 9, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 9,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L.+Frank+Baum%27s+Editorials+on+the+Sioux+Nation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northern.edu%2Fhastingw%2Fbaumedts.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span> Full text of both, with commentary by professor A. Waller Hastings</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchultz2002" class="citation book cs1">Schultz, Jeffrey D. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WDV40aK1T-sC&q=African+Americans+discriminated+by+Naturalization+Act+of+1790&pg=PA284"><i>Encyclopedia of Minorities in American Politics: African Americans and Asian Americans</i></a>. Oryx Press. p. 284. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57356-148-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57356-148-8"><bdi>978-1-57356-148-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240307150238/https://books.google.com/books?id=WDV40aK1T-sC&q=African+Americans+discriminated+by+Naturalization+Act+of+1790&pg=PA284">Archived</a> from the original on March 7, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 25,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Minorities+in+American+Politics%3A+African+Americans+and+Asian+Americans&rft.pages=284&rft.pub=Oryx+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-57356-148-8&rft.aulast=Schultz&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWDV40aK1T-sC%26q%3DAfrican%2BAmericans%2Bdiscriminated%2Bby%2BNaturalization%2BAct%2Bof%2B1790%26pg%3DPA284&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leland T. Saito (1998). "Race and Politics: Asian Americans, Latinos, and Whites in a Los Angeles Suburb". p. 154. University of Illinois Press</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151004044615/http://www.archives.gov/kansas-city/press/2013/13-29.html">"50th Anniversary of the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom Panel Discussion at the Black Archives of Mid-America"</a> (Press release). The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. August 7, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/kansas-city/press/2013/13-29.html">the original</a> on October 4, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 3,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=50th+Anniversary+of+the+1963+March+on+Washington+for+Jobs+and+Freedom+Panel+Discussion+at+the+Black+Archives+of+Mid-America&rft.pub=The+U.S.+National+Archives+and+Records+Administration&rft.date=2013-08-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.gov%2Fkansas-city%2Fpress%2F2013%2F13-29.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170706123149/http://100photos.time.com/photos/emmett-till-david-jackson">"How The Horrific Photograph Of Emmett Till Helped Energize The Civil Rights Movement"</a>. <i>100 Photographs | The Most Influential Images of All Time</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://100photos.time.com/photos/emmett-till-david-jackson">the original</a> on July 6, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 5,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=100+Photographs+%7C+The+Most+Influential+Images+of+All+Time&rft.atitle=How+The+Horrific+Photograph+Of+Emmett+Till+Helped+Energize+The+Civil+Rights+Movement&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F100photos.time.com%2Fphotos%2Femmett-till-david-jackson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewkirk" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Vann_R._Newkirk_II" title="Vann R. Newkirk II">Newkirk, Vann R. II</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2017/02/how-the-blood-of-emmett-till-still-stains-america-today/516891/">"How 'The Blood of Emmett Till' Still Stains America Today"</a>. <i>The Atlantic</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170728213446/https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2017/02/how-the-blood-of-emmett-till-still-stains-america-today/516891/">Archived</a> from the original on July 28, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 5,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=How+%27The+Blood+of+Emmett+Till%27+Still+Stains+America+Today&rft.aulast=Newkirk&rft.aufirst=Vann+R.+II&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fentertainment%2Farchive%2F2017%2F02%2Fhow-the-blood-of-emmett-till-still-stains-america-today%2F516891%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaas2011" class="citation book cs1">Haas, Jeffrey (2011). <i>The Assassination of Fred Hampton</i>. Chicago: Chicago Review Press. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56976-709-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56976-709-2"><bdi>978-1-56976-709-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Assassination+of+Fred+Hampton&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Chicago+Review+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-56976-709-2&rft.aulast=Haas&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Immigration_law-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Immigration_law_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Immigration_law_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJennifer_Ludden" class="citation news cs1">Jennifer Ludden. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5391395">"1965 immigration law changed face of America"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/All_Things_Considered" title="All Things Considered">All Things Considered</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161021143552/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5391395">Archived</a> from the original on October 21, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=All+Things+Considered&rft.atitle=1965+immigration+law+changed+face+of+America&rft.au=Jennifer+Ludden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D5391395&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Earl_Warren" title="Earl Warren">Warren, Earl</a>. Majority opinion. <i>Loving v. Virginia</i>. <i>Documents of American Constitutional and Legal History</i>, edited by Urofsky and Finkelman, Oxford UP, 2002, p. 779.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchumanSteehBoboKrysan1997" class="citation book cs1">Schuman, Howard; Steeh, Charlotte; Bobo, Lawrence; Krysan, Maria (1997). <i>Racial Attitudes in America: Trends and Interpretations</i>. Harvard University Press. pp. 103ff. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-74568-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-74568-1"><bdi>978-0-674-74568-1</bdi></a>. <q>The questions deal with most of the major racial issues that became focal in the middle of the twentieth century: integration of public accommodations, school integration, residential integration, and job discrimination [and] racial intermarriage and willingness to vote for a black presidential candidate. ... The trends that occur for most of the principle items are quite similar and can be illustrated ...using attitudes toward school integration as an example. The figure shows that there has been a massive and continuous movement of the American public from overwhelming acceptance of the <i>principle</i> of segregated schooling in the early 1940s toward acceptance of the <i>principle</i> of integrated schooling. ... by 1985, more than nine out of ten chose the pro-integration response.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Racial+Attitudes+in+America%3A+Trends+and+Interpretations&rft.pages=103ff&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-674-74568-1&rft.aulast=Schuman&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft.au=Steeh%2C+Charlotte&rft.au=Bobo%2C+Lawrence&rft.au=Krysan%2C+Maria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHealeyO'Brien2007" class="citation book cs1">Healey, Joseph F.; O'Brien, Eileen (May 8, 2007). <i>Race, Ethnicity, and Gender: Selected Readings</i>. Pine Forge Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4129-4107-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4129-4107-5"><bdi>978-1-4129-4107-5</bdi></a>. <q>In 1942 only 42 percent of a national sample of whites reported that they believed blacks to be equal to whites in innate intelligence; since the late 1950s, however, around 80 percent of <a href="/wiki/White_Americans" title="White Americans">white Americans</a> have rejected the idea of inherent black inferiority.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Race%2C+Ethnicity%2C+and+Gender%3A+Selected+Readings&rft.pub=Pine+Forge+Press&rft.date=2007-05-08&rft.isbn=978-1-4129-4107-5&rft.aulast=Healey&rft.aufirst=Joseph+F.&rft.au=O%27Brien%2C+Eileen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinant1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Howard_Winant" title="Howard Winant">Winant, Howard</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MpLnnmp3IGgC&q=%22Behind+Blue+Eyes%3A+Whiteness+and+Contemporary+US+Racial+%22"><i>Behind Blue Eyes: Whiteness and Contemporary US Racial Politics</i></a>. p. 73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-94964-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-94964-4"><bdi>978-0-415-94964-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240307160233/https://books.google.com/books?id=MpLnnmp3IGgC&q=%22Behind+Blue+Eyes%3A+Whiteness+and+Contemporary+US+Racial+%22#v=snippet&q=%22Behind%20Blue%20Eyes%3A%20Whiteness%20and%20Contemporary%20US%20Racial%20%22&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on March 7, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2020</span>. <q>white racial attitudes shifted dramatically in the postwar period. ... So, monolithic white supremacy is over, yet in a more concealed way, white power and privilege live on.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Behind+Blue+Eyes%3A+Whiteness+and+Contemporary+US+Racial+Politics&rft.pages=73&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-415-94964-4&rft.aulast=Winant&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMpLnnmp3IGgC%26q%3D%2522Behind%2BBlue%2BEyes%253A%2BWhiteness%2Band%2BContemporary%2BUS%2BRacial%2B%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerletLyons2018" class="citation book cs1">Berlet, Chip; Lyons, Matthew N. (March 8, 2018). <i>Right-Wing Populism in America: Too Close for Comfort</i>. Guilford Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4625-3760-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4625-3760-0"><bdi>978-1-4625-3760-0</bdi></a>. <q>While the <a href="/wiki/New_Right" title="New Right">New Right</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christian_Right" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Right">Christian Right</a> flourished in the 1970s and 1980s, the Far Right also rebounded... The Far Right—encompassing Ku Klux Klan, neonazi, and related organizations—attracted a much smaller following than the New Right, but its influence reverberated in its encouragement of widespread attacks against members of oppressed groups and in broad-based scapegoating campaigns</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Right-Wing+Populism+in+America%3A+Too+Close+for+Comfort&rft.pub=Guilford+Publications&rft.date=2018-03-08&rft.isbn=978-1-4625-3760-0&rft.aulast=Berlet&rft.aufirst=Chip&rft.au=Lyons%2C+Matthew+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-belew-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-belew_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBelew2018" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Belew" title="Kathleen Belew">Belew, Kathleen</a> (2018). <i>Bring the war home: The white power movement and paramilitary America</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-28607-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-28607-8"><bdi>978-0-674-28607-8</bdi></a>. <q>The white power movement that emerged from the Vietnam era shared some common attributes with earlier racist movements in the United States, but it was no mere echo. Unlike previous iterations of the Ku Klux Klan and white-supremacist vigilantism, the white power movement did not claim to serve the state. Instead, white power made the state its target, declaring war against the federal government in 1983.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bring+the+war+home%3A+The+white+power+movement+and+paramilitary+America&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-674-28607-8&rft.aulast=Belew&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlanchfield2018" class="citation magazine cs1">Blanchfield, Patrick (June 20, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190407121624/https://www.thenation.com/article/declaration-of-war/">"Declaration of War: The violent rise of white supremacy after Vietnam (How Did Vietnam Transform White Supremacy?)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Nation" title="The Nation">The Nation</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0027-8378">0027-8378</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenation.com/article/declaration-of-war/">the original</a> on April 7, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Nation&rft.atitle=Declaration+of+War%3A+The+violent+rise+of+white+supremacy+after+Vietnam+%28How+Did+Vietnam+Transform+White+Supremacy%3F%29&rft.date=2018-06-20&rft.issn=0027-8378&rft.aulast=Blanchfield&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenation.com%2Farticle%2Fdeclaration-of-war%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerliger2012" class="citation conference cs1">Perliger, Arie (2012). <i>Challengers from the Sidelines: Understanding America's Violent Far-Right</i>. West Point, NY: Combating Terrorism Center, US Military Academy.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Challengers+from+the+Sidelines%3A+Understanding+America%27s+Violent+Far-Right&rft.place=West+Point%2C+NY&rft.pub=Combating+Terrorism+Center%2C+US+Military+Academy&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Perliger&rft.aufirst=Arie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/u-s-sees-300-violent-attacks-inspired-far-right-every-year">"U.S. sees 300 violent attacks inspired by far right every year"</a>. <i>PBS NewsHour</i>. August 13, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180811063804/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/u-s-sees-300-violent-attacks-inspired-far-right-every-year">Archived</a> from the original on August 11, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 11,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PBS+NewsHour&rft.atitle=U.S.+sees+300+violent+attacks+inspired+by+far+right+every+year&rft.date=2017-08-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fnewshour%2Fshow%2Fu-s-sees-300-violent-attacks-inspired-far-right-every-year&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinant1997" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Howard_Winant" title="Howard Winant">Winant, Howard</a> (1997). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 25,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Politics+of+Gender%3A+Women%2C+Men%2C+and+the+2016+Campaign&rft.date=2016-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Flive%2Fevents%2Fthe-politics-of-gender-2016%2F2016%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes" class="citation web cs1">Hughes, Trevor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2018/02/22/number-white-and-black-hate-groups-surge-under-trump-extremist-tracking-organization-says/363978002/">"Number of white and black hate groups surge under Trump, extremist-tracking organization says"</a>. <i>USA TODAY</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200929051441/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2018/02/22/number-white-and-black-hate-groups-surge-under-trump-extremist-tracking-organization-says/363978002/">Archived</a> from the original on September 29, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 1,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+TODAY&rft.atitle=Number+of+white+and+black+hate+groups+surge+under+Trump%2C+extremist-tracking+organization+says&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Trevor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2F2018%2F02%2F22%2Fnumber-white-and-black-hate-groups-surge-under-trump-extremist-tracking-organization-says%2F363978002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chalfant, Morgan (July 23, 2019) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/454338-fbis-wray-says-majority-of-domestic-terrorism-arrests-this-year">"FBI's Wray says most domestic terrorism arrests this year involve white supremacy"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200927222838/https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/454338-fbis-wray-says-majority-of-domestic-terrorism-arrests-this-year/">Archived</a> September 27, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sands, Geneva (September 20, 2019) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2019/09/20/politics/dhs-counterterrorism-strategy/index.html">"Homeland Security counterterrorism strategy focuses on white supremacy threat"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190922061050/https://www.cnn.com/2019/09/20/politics/dhs-counterterrorism-strategy/index.html">Archived</a> September 22, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Williams, Pete (September 20, 2019) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/department-homeland-security-strategy-adds-white-supremacy-list-threats-n1057136">"Department of Homeland Security strategy adds white supremacy to list of threats"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190921170824/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/department-homeland-security-strategy-adds-white-supremacy-list-threats-n1057136">Archived</a> September 21, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i><a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/27/opinion/racism-white-women.html">"How White Women Use Themselves as Instruments of Terror"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. May 27, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200528023029/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/27/opinion/racism-white-women.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 28, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 5,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=How+White+Women+Use+Themselves+as+Instruments+of+Terror&rft.date=2020-05-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F05%2F27%2Fopinion%2Fracism-white-women.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tuskegee_umkc-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tuskegee_umkc_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100629081241/http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/shipp/lynchingsstate.html">"Lynchings: By State and Race, 1882–1968"</a>. University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 26,</span> 2010</span>. <q>Statistics provided by the Archives at Tuskegee Institute.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lynchings%3A+By+State+and+Race%2C+1882%E2%80%931968&rft.pub=University+of+Missouri-Kansas+City+School+of+Law&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.umkc.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fprojects%2Fftrials%2Fshipp%2Flynchingsstate.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.naacp.org/history-of-lynchings/">"History of Lynchings"</a>. <i>NAACP</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200630075925/http://www.naacp.org/history-of-lynchings/">Archived</a> from the original on June 30, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"Beyond the Illusion of Diversity: How Early Childhood Teachers Can Promote Social Justice". <i>The Social Studies</i>. <b>99</b>(4): 165–173. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3200%2FTSSS.99.4.165-173">10.3200/TSSS.99.4.165-173</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0037-7996">0037-7996</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_71-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_71-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_71-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Elson, Ruth Miller (1964). <i>Guardians of Tradition: American Schoolbooks of the Nineteenth Century</i>. 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Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/8/6/20754828/el-paso-shooting-white-supremacy-rise"><i>The El Paso shooting isn't an anomaly. It's American history repeating itself. Why white supremacist violence is rising today — and how it echoes some of the darkest moments of our past</i>, by Zack Beauchamp, Vox, Aug 6, 2019</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190806200234/https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/8/6/20754828/el-paso-shooting-white-supremacy-rise">Archived</a> August 6, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chow, Kat (December 8, 2018) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2018/12/08/671999530/what-the-ebbs-and-flows-of-the-kkk-can-tell-us-about-white-supremacy-today">"What The Ebbs And Flows Of The KKK Can Tell Us About White Supremacy Today"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181209082216/https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2018/12/08/671999530/what-the-ebbs-and-flows-of-the-kkk-can-tell-us-about-white-supremacy-today">Archived</a> December 9, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeckett2020" class="citation web cs1">Beckett, Lois (July 31, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/jul/31/david-duke-twitter-ban-white-supremacist">"Twitter bans white supremacist David Duke after 11 years"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220419004458/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/jul/31/david-duke-twitter-ban-white-supremacist">Archived</a> from the original on April 19, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"Freedom Next Time". p. 266. Random House</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060901105340/http://www.immi.gov.au/media/fact-sheets/08abolition.htm">"abolition of the White Australia Policy"</a>. Australian Government. November 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.immi.gov.au/media/fact-sheets/08abolition.htm">the original</a> on September 1, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 13,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=abolition+of+the+White+Australia+Policy&rft.pub=Australian+Government&rft.date=2010-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.immi.gov.au%2Fmedia%2Ffact-sheets%2F08abolition.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/555568/South-Africa/259494/The-apartheid-years">"Encyclopædia Britannica, South Africa the Apartheid Years"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111028155947/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/555568/South-Africa/259494/The-apartheid-years">Archived</a> from the original on October 28, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 13,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%2C+South+Africa+the+Apartheid+Years&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F555568%2FSouth-Africa%2F259494%2FThe-apartheid-years&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-africapolitics-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-africapolitics_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGann" class="citation book cs1">Gann, L.H. <i>Politics and Government in African States 1960–1985</i>. pp. 162–202.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Politics+and+Government+in+African+States+1960%E2%80%931985&rft.pages=162-202&rft.aulast=Gann&rft.aufirst=L.H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zimstudy-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-zimstudy_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNelson" class="citation book cs1">Nelson, Harold. <i>Zimbabwe: A Country Study</i>. pp. 1–317.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zimbabwe%3A+A+Country+Study&rft.pages=1-317&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=Harold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Blamires, Cyprian; Jackson, Paul. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.proquest.com/openview/9c41b2e7d5a2e90cf01120ea183d7874/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=40834">World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210226102550/https://search.proquest.com/openview/9c41b2e7d5a2e90cf01120ea183d7874/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=40834">Archived</a> February 26, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>": Volume 1. Santa Barbara, California, USA: ABC-CLIO, Inc, 2006. p. 62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Though Rosenberg does not use the word "master race". He uses the word "Herrenvolk" (i. e., ruling people) twice in his book <i>The Myth</i>, first referring to the <a href="/wiki/Amorite" class="mw-redirect" title="Amorite">Amorites</a> (saying that <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Sayce" title="Archibald Sayce">Sayce</a> described them as fair skinned and blue eyed) and secondly quoting <a href="/wiki/Victor_Wallace_Germains" title="Victor Wallace Germains">Victor Wallace Germains</a>' description of the English in "The Truth about Kitchener". ("The Myth of the Twentieth Century") – Pages 26, 660 – 1930</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStoddard,_Lothrop1922" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lothrop_Stoddard" title="Lothrop Stoddard">Stoddard, Lothrop</a> (1922). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/revoltagainstciv00stoduoft"><i>The Revolt Against Civilization: The Menace of the Under Man</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Scribner%27s_Sons" title="Charles Scribner's Sons">Charles Scribner's Sons</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Revolt+Against+Civilization%3A+The+Menace+of+the+Under+Man&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Charles+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.date=1922&rft.au=Stoddard%2C+Lothrop&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frevoltagainstciv00stoduoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLosurdo,_Domenico2004" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Domenico_Losurdo" title="Domenico Losurdo">Losurdo, Domenico</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pssp.org/bbs/data/document/1/Losurdo___Critique_of_Totalitarianism_%282004%29.pdf">"Toward a Critique of the Category of Totalitarianism"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF, 0.2 MB)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Materialism_(journal)" title="Historical Materialism (journal)">Historical Materialism</a></i>. <b>12</b> (2). Translated by Marella & Jon Morris: 25–55, here p. 50. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1569206041551663">10.1163/1569206041551663</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1465-4466">1465-4466</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326025911/http://www.pssp.org/bbs/data/document/1/Losurdo___Critique_of_Totalitarianism_(2004).pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on March 26, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 21,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historical+Materialism&rft.atitle=Toward+a+Critique+of+the+Category+of+Totalitarianism&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=25-55%2C+here+p.+50&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F1569206041551663&rft.issn=1465-4466&rft.au=Losurdo%2C+Domenico&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pssp.org%2Fbbs%2Fdata%2Fdocument%2F1%2FLosurdo___Critique_of_Totalitarianism_%25282004%2529.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenberg,_Alfred1930" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Rosenberg" title="Alfred Rosenberg">Rosenberg, Alfred</a> (1930). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121104014921/http://www.scribd.com/doc/2628285/Der-Mythus-des-20-Jahrhunderts-Alfred-Rosenberg"><i>Der Mythus des 20. 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Times of Israel. Retrieved August 26, 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Whitman-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Whitman_98-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whitman_98-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitman2017" class="citation book cs1">Whitman, James Q. (2017). <i>Hitler's American Model: The United States and the Making of Nazi Race Law</i>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.verfassungsschutz.de/de/oeffentlichkeitsarbeit/publikationen/verfassungsschutzberichte/vsbericht-2012">the original</a> on March 21, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bundesamt+f%C3%BCr+Verfassungsschutz+%E2%80%93+Verfassungsschutzbericht+2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.verfassungsschutz.de%2Fde%2Foeffentlichkeitsarbeit%2Fpublikationen%2Fverfassungsschutzberichte%2Fvsbericht-2012&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-53919624">"Christchurch killer to stay in jail until he dies"</a>. BBC News. August 27, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210809002613/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-53919624">Archived</a> from the original on August 9, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 27,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sky+News&rft.atitle=Brenton+Tarrant%3A+White+supremacist+sentenced+to+life+without+parole+for+killing+51+Muslims+in+New+Zealand+mosque+attacks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.sky.com%2Fstory%2Fbrenton-tarrant-white-supremacist-sentenced-to-life-without-parole-for-killing-51-muslims-in-new-zealand-mosque-attacks-12057417&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff2020" class="citation news cs1">Staff, Our Foreign (August 27, 2020). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/08/27/new-zealand-mosque-shooting-wicked-inhuman-brenton-tarrant-sentenced/">"New Zealand mosque shooting: 'Wicked and inhuman' Brenton Tarrant sentenced to life without parole"</a></span>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235">0307-1235</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/08/27/new-zealand-mosque-shooting-wicked-inhuman-brenton-tarrant-sentenced/">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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September 29, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230825071726/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/314507/massey-uni-named-after-racist-pm,-lecturer-says">Archived</a> from the original on August 25, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 25,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RNZ&rft.atitle=Massey+Uni+named+after+racist+PM%2C+lecturer+says&rft.date=2016-09-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Fnews%2Fnational%2F314507%2Fmassey-uni-named-after-racist-pm%2C-lecturer-says&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTuckey2016" class="citation web cs1">Tuckey, Karoline (September 29, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/84753337/massey-racism-provokes-call-for-university-name-change">"Massey racism provokes call for university name change"</a>. <i>Stuff</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230825071717/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/84753337/massey-racism-provokes-call-for-university-name-change">Archived</a> from the original on August 25, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 25,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Massey+racism+provokes+call+for+university+name+change&rft.date=2016-09-29&rft.aulast=Tuckey&rft.aufirst=Karoline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fnational%2F84753337%2Fmassey-racism-provokes-call-for-university-name-change&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElers2018" class="citation journal cs1">Elers, Steve (July 1, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=AONE&sw=w&issn=1556889X&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CA549658147&sid=googleScholar&linkaccess=abs">"A 'white New Zealand': Anti-Chinese Racist Political Discourse from 1880 to 1920"</a>. <i>China Media Research</i>. <b>14</b> (3): 88–99. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240307150150/https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=AONE&sw=w&issn=1556889X&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CA549658147&sid=googleScholar&linkaccess=abs&userGroupName=anon%7E4cd52eab&aty=open-web-entry">Archived</a> from the original on March 7, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 25,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Massive+Magazine&rft.atitle=William+Massey+was+a+Racist&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.massivemagazine.org.nz%2Farticles%2Fwilliam-massey-was-a-racist&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/nordicism">"Nordicism"</a>. <i>Merriam Webster</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150910012037/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/nordicism">Archived</a> from the original on September 10, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 9,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam+Webster&rft.atitle=Nordicism&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fnordicism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchopenhauer1851" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schopenhauer" title="Arthur Schopenhauer">Schopenhauer, Arthur</a> (1851). <a href="/wiki/Parerga_and_Paralipomena" title="Parerga and Paralipomena"><i><span></span></i>Parerga and Paralipomena<i><span></span></i></a>. pp. Vol. 2, Section 92.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Parerga+and+Paralipomena&rft.pages=Vol.+2%2C+Section+92&rft.date=1851&rft.aulast=Schopenhauer&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrant1921" class="citation book cs1">Grant, Madison (1921). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/passingofgreatra00granuoft/passingofgreatra00granuoft_djvu.txt"><i>The Passing of the Great Race</i></a> (4 ed.). C. Scribner's sons. p. xxxi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Passing+of+the+Great+Race&rft.pages=xxxi&rft.edition=4&rft.pub=C.+Scribner%27s+sons&rft.date=1921&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=Madison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fpassingofgreatra00granuoft%2Fpassingofgreatra00granuoft_djvu.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grant1916-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Grant1916_111-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Madison_Grant" title="Madison Grant">Grant, Madison</a> (1916). <i>The Passing of the Great Race</i>. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArmstrong._Eric_M.2010" class="citation web cs1">Armstrong. Eric M. (February 6, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100529224316/http://themovingarts.com/revered-and-reviled-d-w-griffiths-the-birth-of-a-nation/">"Revered and Reviled: D.W. Griffith's 'The Birth of a Nation'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Moving_Arts_Film_Journal" title="The Moving Arts Film Journal">The Moving Arts Film Journal</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://themovingarts.com/revered-and-reviled-d-w-griffiths-the-birth-of-a-nation/">the original</a> on May 29, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 9,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Moving+Arts+Film+Journal&rft.atitle=Revered+and+Reviled%3A+D.W.+Griffith%27s+%27The+Birth+of+a+Nation%27&rft.date=2010-02-06&rft.au=Armstrong.+Eric+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthemovingarts.com%2Frevered-and-reviled-d-w-griffiths-the-birth-of-a-nation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gumkowski, Janusz; Leszczynski, Kazimierz; Robert, Edward (translator) (1961). Hitler's Plans for Eastern Europe (PAPERBACK). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/PolandUnderNaziOccupation/page/n7">Poland Under Nazi Occupation (First ed.)</a> (Polonia Pub. House). ASIN B0006BXJZ6. Retrieved March 12, 2014. at Wayback machine.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Longerich" title="Peter Longerich">Peter Longerich</a> (April 15, 2010). Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews. Oxford University Press. p. 30. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280436-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280436-5">978-0-19-280436-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USHMM-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USHMM_115-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digitalassets.ushmm.org/photoarchives/detail.aspx?id=10049&search=EUTHANASIA+%28PATIENTS%2FVICTIMS%29&index=25">"Close-up of Richard Jenne, the last child killed by the head nurse at the Kaufbeuren-Irsee euthanasia facility"</a>. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120321002326/http://digitalassets.ushmm.org/photoarchives/detail.aspx?id=10049&search=EUTHANASIA+(PATIENTS%2FVICTIMS)&index=25">Archived</a> from the original on March 21, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 29,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Close-up+of+Richard+Jenne%2C+the+last+child+killed+by+the+head+nurse+at+the+Kaufbeuren-Irsee+euthanasia+facility.&rft.pub=United+States+Holocaust+Memorial+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigitalassets.ushmm.org%2Fphotoarchives%2Fdetail.aspx%3Fid%3D10049%26search%3DEUTHANASIA%2B%2528PATIENTS%252FVICTIMS%2529%26index%3D25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ian_Kershaw" title="Ian Kershaw">Ian Kershaw</a>, <i>Hitler: A Profile in Power</i>, Chapter VI, first section (London, 1991, rev. 2001)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Snyder, S. & D. Mitchell. Cultural Locations of Disability. University of Michigan Press. 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Atheistic-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Atheistic_118-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HB1wyFPRGm4C&q=atheistic&pg=PA23"><i>The new white nationalism in America: its challenge to integration</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. June 10, 2002. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-80886-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-80886-6"><bdi>978-0-521-80886-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240307150141/https://books.google.com/books?id=HB1wyFPRGm4C&q=atheistic&pg=PA23#v=snippet&q=atheistic&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on March 7, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2011</span>. <q>For instance, Ben Klassen, founder of the atheistic Church of the Creator and author of <i>The White Man's Bible</i>, discusses Christianity extensively in his writings and denounces it as a religion that has brought untold horror into the world and has divided the white race.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+new+white+nationalism+in+America%3A+its+challenge+to+integration&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002-06-10&rft.isbn=978-0-521-80886-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHB1wyFPRGm4C%26q%3Datheistic%26pg%3DPA23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Atheism-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Atheism_119-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rBgn3xB75ZcC&q=competing+atheistic+white+racist+movement&pg=PA493"><i>The World's Religions: Continuities and Transformations</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>. May 7, 2009. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-21100-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-21100-4"><bdi>978-1-135-21100-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240307150203/https://books.google.com/books?id=rBgn3xB75ZcC&q=competing+atheistic+white+racist+movement&pg=PA493#v=snippet&q=competing%20atheistic%20white%20racist%20movement&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on March 7, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2011</span>. <q>A competing atheistic or panthestic white racist movement also appeared, which included the Church of the Creator/ Creativity (Gardell 2003: 129–34).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World%27s+Religions%3A+Continuities+and+Transformations&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2009-05-07&rft.isbn=978-1-135-21100-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrBgn3xB75ZcC%26q%3Dcompeting%2Batheistic%2Bwhite%2Bracist%2Bmovement%26pg%3DPA493&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010219175613/http://ska.about.com/musicperform/ska/library/1999/aa081699a.htm">"Smiling Smash: An Interview with Cathal Smyth, a.k.a. Chas Smash, of Madness"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ska.about.com/musicperform/ska/library/1999/aa081699a.htm">the original</a> on February 19, 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 19,</span> 2001</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Smiling+Smash%3A+An+Interview+with+Cathal+Smyth%2C+a.k.a.+Chas+Smash%2C+of+Madness&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fska.about.com%2Fmusicperform%2Fska%2Flibrary%2F1999%2Faa081699a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reggaereggaereggae.com/Special%20Articles.htm">Special Articles</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081217000127/http://www.reggaereggaereggae.com/Special%20Articles.htm">Archived</a> December 17, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-skinheads-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-skinheads_122-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOld_Skool_Jim" class="citation book cs1">Old Skool Jim. <i>Trojan Skinhead Reggae Box Set liner notes</i>. 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"White Supremacists, Oppositional Culture and the World Wide Web". <i>Social Forces</i>. <b>84</b> (2): 759–778. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fsof.2006.0001">10.1353/sof.2006.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3598477">3598477</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144768434">144768434</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Forces&rft.atitle=White+Supremacists%2C+Oppositional+Culture+and+the+World+Wide+Web&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=759-778&rft.date=2009-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144768434%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3598477%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fsof.2006.0001&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Josh&rft.au=Roscigno%2C+Vincent+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDobratzShanks-Meile2006" class="citation journal cs1">Dobratz, Betty A. & Shanks-Meile, Stephanie L. 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ADL. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171106/https://www.adl.org/resources/glossary-terms/white-separatism">Archived</a> from the original on September 20, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 4,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=White+Separatism&rft.pub=ADL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adl.org%2Fresources%2Fglossary-terms%2Fwhite-separatism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SPLC-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SPLC_126-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.splcenter.org/news/2019/03/27/splc-reacts-facebook-policy-white-nationalism">"SPLC reacts to Facebook policy on white nationalism"</a>. SPLC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171357/https://www.splcenter.org/news/2019/03/27/splc-reacts-facebook-policy-white-nationalism">Archived</a> from the original on September 20, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 4,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SPLC+reacts+to+Facebook+policy+on+white+nationalism&rft.pub=SPLC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.splcenter.org%2Fnews%2F2019%2F03%2F27%2Fsplc-reacts-facebook-policy-white-nationalism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Facebook-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Facebook_127-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2019/03/standing-against-hate/">"Standing Against Hate"</a>. Facebook. March 27, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191111184252/https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2019/03/standing-against-hate/">Archived</a> from the original on November 11, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 4,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Standing+Against+Hate&rft.pub=Facebook&rft.date=2019-03-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewsroom.fb.com%2Fnews%2F2019%2F03%2Fstanding-against-hate%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-47728471">"Facebook to ban white nationalism and separatism"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. March 28, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220920170809/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-47728471">Archived</a> from the original on September 20, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 4,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Facebook+to+ban+white+nationalism+and+separatism&rft.date=2019-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-47728471&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ADL_def-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ADL_def_129-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adl.org/resources/glossary-terms/white-separatism">"ADL: White Separatism"</a>. <i>adl.org</i>. The Anti-Defamation League. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171106/https://www.adl.org/resources/glossary-terms/white-separatism">Archived</a> from the original on September 20, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 18,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=adl.org&rft.atitle=ADL%3A+White+Separatism&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adl.org%2Fresources%2Fglossary-terms%2Fwhite-separatism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dobratz, Betty A. & Shanks-Meile, Stephanie L. (2000) <i>The White Separatist Movement in the United States: "White Power, White Pride!</i>. Baltimore: JHU Press. pp.vii, 10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDobratzShanks-Meile1997" class="citation book cs1">Dobratz, Betty A. & Shanks-Meile, Stephanie L. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r59bGyH4lOAC"><i>The White Separatist Movement in the United States: White Power, White Pride!</i></a>. New York: Twayne Publishers. pp. ix, 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8057-3865-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8057-3865-0"><bdi>978-0-8057-3865-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/37341476">37341476</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+White+Separatist+Movement+in+the+United+States%3A+White+Power%2C+White+Pride%21&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=ix%2C+12&rft.pub=Twayne+Publishers&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F37341476&rft.isbn=978-0-8057-3865-0&rft.aulast=Dobratz&rft.aufirst=Betty+A.&rft.au=Shanks-Meile%2C+Stephanie+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dr59bGyH4lOAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniels1997" class="citation book cs1">Daniels, Jessie (1997). <i>White Lies: race, class, gender and sexuality in white supremacist discourse</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-91289-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-91289-1"><bdi>978-0-415-91289-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=White+Lies%3A+race%2C+class%2C+gender+and+sexuality+in+white+supremacist+discourse&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-415-91289-1&rft.aulast=Daniels&rft.aufirst=Jessie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFuller1984" class="citation book cs1">Fuller, Neely (1984). <i>The united-independent compensatory code/system/concept: A textbook/workbook for thought, speech, and/or action, for victims of racism (white supremacy)</i>. SAGE. p. 334. <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0007BLCWC">B0007BLCWC</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+united-independent+compensatory+code%2Fsystem%2Fconcept%3A+A+textbook%2Fworkbook+for+thought%2C+speech%2C+and%2For+action%2C+for+victims+of+racism+%28white+supremacy%29&rft.pages=334&rft.pub=SAGE&rft.date=1984&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB0007BLCWC%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.aulast=Fuller&rft.aufirst=Neely&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavidson2009" class="citation book cs1">Davidson, Tim (February 23, 2009). "bell hooks, white supremacy, and the academy". In Jeanette Davidson; George Yancy (eds.). <i>Critical perspectives on bell hooks</i>. Taylor & Francis US. p. 68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-98980-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-98980-0"><bdi>978-0-415-98980-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=bell+hooks%2C+white+supremacy%2C+and+the+academy&rft.btitle=Critical+perspectives+on+bell+hooks&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis+US&rft.date=2009-02-23&rft.isbn=978-0-415-98980-0&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Tim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Why is it so difficult for many white folks to understand that racism is oppressive not because white folks have prejudicial feelings about blacks (they could have such feelings and leave us alone) but because it is a system that promotes domination and subjugation?" <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFhooks2009" class="citation book cs1">hooks, bell (February 4, 2009). <i>Black Looks: Race and Representation</i>. Turnaround Publisher Services Limited. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-873262-02-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-873262-02-3"><bdi>978-1-873262-02-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Black+Looks%3A+Race+and+Representation&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Turnaround+Publisher+Services+Limited&rft.date=2009-02-04&rft.isbn=978-1-873262-02-3&rft.aulast=hooks&rft.aufirst=bell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grillo and Wildman cite hooks to argue for the term <i>racism/white supremacy</i>: "hooks writes that liberal whites do not see themselves as either prejudiced or interested in domination through coercion, and they do not acknowledge the ways in which they contribute to and benefit from the system of white privilege." <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrilloStephanie_M._Wildman1997" class="citation book cs1">Grillo, Trina; Stephanie M. Wildman (June 29, 1997). "The implications of making comparisons between racism and sexism (or other isms)". In Richard Delgado; Jean Stefancic (eds.). <i>Critical white studies: Looking behind the mirror</i>. Temple University Press. p. 620. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56639-532-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56639-532-8"><bdi>978-1-56639-532-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+implications+of+making+comparisons+between+racism+and+sexism+%28or+other+isms%29&rft.btitle=Critical+white+studies%3A+Looking+behind+the+mirror&rft.pages=620&rft.pub=Temple+University+Press&rft.date=1997-06-29&rft.isbn=978-1-56639-532-8&rft.aulast=Grillo&rft.aufirst=Trina&rft.au=Stephanie+M.+Wildman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcWhorter2020" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_McWhorter" title="John McWhorter">McWhorter, John</a> (June 22, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/06/dictionary-definition-racism-has-change/613324/">"The Dictionary Definition of 'Racism' Has to Change"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172623/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/06/dictionary-definition-racism-has-change/613324/">Archived</a> from the original on September 20, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=The+Dictionary+Definition+of+%27Racism%27+Has+to+Change&rft.date=2020-06-22&rft.aulast=McWhorter&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fideas%2Farchive%2F2020%2F06%2Fdictionary-definition-racism-has-change%2F613324%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-left_language-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-left_language_138-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wnyc.org/story/left-language-right-language/">"Left Language, Right Language"</a>. <i>Wnyc</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220921224339/https://www.wnyc.org/story/left-language-right-language/">Archived</a> from the original on September 21, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 3,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wnyc&rft.atitle=Left+Language%2C+Right+Language&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wnyc.org%2Fstory%2Fleft-language-right-language%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McWhorter-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McWhorter_139-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcWhorter" class="citation magazine cs1">McWhorter, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/4584161/white-supremacy/">"The Difference Between Racial Bias and White Supremacy"</a>. <i>TIME</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161202104713/http://time.com/4584161/white-supremacy/?">Archived</a> from the original on December 2, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 3,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TIME&rft.atitle=The+Difference+Between+Racial+Bias+and+White+Supremacy&rft.aulast=McWhorter&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F4584161%2Fwhite-supremacy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MotherJ-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MotherJ_140-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.motherjones.com/kevin-drum/2016/11/lets-please-kill-white-supremacy-fad">"Let's Be Careful With the "White Supremacy" Label"</a>. <i>Mother Jones</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220922101050/https://www.motherjones.com/kevin-drum/2016/11/lets-please-kill-white-supremacy-fad/">Archived</a> from the original on September 22, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 4,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mother+Jones&rft.atitle=Let%27s+Be+Careful+With+the+%22White+Supremacy%22+Label&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.motherjones.com%2Fkevin-drum%2F2016%2F11%2Flets-please-kill-white-supremacy-fad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Friedersdorf-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Friedersdorf_141-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Friedersdorf_141-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedersdorf" class="citation news cs1">Friedersdorf, Conor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/11/the-scourge-of-the-left-too-much-stigma-not-enough-persuasion/508961/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'The Scourge of the Left': Too Much Stigma, Not Enough Persuasion"</a>. <i>The Atlantic</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171526/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/11/the-scourge-of-the-left-too-much-stigma-not-enough-persuasion/508961/">Archived</a> from the original on September 20, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 4,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=%27The+Scourge+of+the+Left%27%3A+Too+Much+Stigma%2C+Not+Enough+Persuasion&rft.aulast=Friedersdorf&rft.aufirst=Conor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fpolitics%2Farchive%2F2016%2F11%2Fthe-scourge-of-the-left-too-much-stigma-not-enough-persuasion%2F508961%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li>Almaguer, Tomás. (2008) <i>Racial Fault Lines: The Historical Origins of White Supremacy in California</i>. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. 1994.</li> <li>Brooks, Michael E. and <a href="/wiki/Bob_Fitrakis" title="Bob Fitrakis">Fitrakis, Robert</a> (2021). <i>A History of Hate in Ohio: Then and Now.</i> The Ohio State University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8142-5800-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8142-5800-2">978-0-8142-5800-2</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaird2021" class="citation news cs1">Baird, Robert P. (April 20, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/2021/apr/20/the-invention-of-whiteness-long-history-dangerous-idea">"The invention of whiteness: the long history of a dangerous idea"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+invention+of+whiteness%3A+the+long+history+of+a+dangerous+idea&rft.date=2021-04-20&rft.aulast=Baird&rft.aufirst=Robert+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fnews%2F2021%2Fapr%2F20%2Fthe-invention-of-whiteness-long-history-dangerous-idea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+supremacy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Bessis" title="Sophie Bessis">Bessis, Sophie</a> (2003) <a href="/wiki/Western_Supremacy_(book)" title="Western Supremacy (book)"><i>Western Supremacy: The Triumph of an Idea</i></a>. Zed Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781842772195" title="Special:BookSources/9781842772195">9781842772195</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1842772198" title="Special:BookSources/1842772198">1842772198</a></li> <li>Dobratz, Betty A. and Shanks-Meile, Stephanie (2000) <i>"White Power, White Pride!": The White Separatist Movement in the United States</i>. Johns Hopkins University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-6537-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-6537-4">978-0-8018-6537-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Horne" title="Gerald Horne">Horne, Gerald</a>. (2017) <i>The Apocalypse of Settler Colonialism: The Roots of Slavery White Supremacy and Capitalism in Seventeenth-Century North America and the Caribbean</i>. New York: Monthly Review Press; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58367-663-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58367-663-9">978-1-58367-663-9</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Horne" title="Gerald Horne">Horne, Gerald</a>. (2020). <i>The Dawning of the Apocalypse: The Roots of Slavery White Supremacy Settler Colonialism and Capitalism in the Long Sixteenth Century</i>. New York: Monthly Review Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58367-872-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58367-872-5">978-1-58367-872-5</a>.</li> <li>MacCann, Donnarae (2000) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xj_T3QCgNgsC&q=%22White+supremacy%22+juvenile"><i>White Supremacy in Children's Literature: Characterizations of African Americans, 1830–1900</i></a>. New York: Routledge. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415928908" title="Special:BookSources/9780415928908">9780415928908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kees_van_der_Pijl" title="Kees van der Pijl">Van der Pijl, Kees</a>, <i>The Discipline of Western Supremacy: Modes of Foreign Relations and Political Economy, Volume III</i>, Pluto Press, 2014, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7453-2318-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7453-2318-3">978-0-7453-2318-3</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output 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has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/White_supremacy" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/White supremacy">White supremacy</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180221095938/https://www.docsonline.tv/documentary/heart-of-whiteness"><i>Heart of Whiteness</i></a>—A documentary film about what it means to be white in South Africa</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161221114743/https://www.ushmm.org/confront-antisemitism/antisemitism-podcast/frank-meeink">"Voices on Antisemitism"</a>—Interview with Frank Meeink from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Holocaust_Memorial_Museum" title="United States Holocaust Memorial Museum">U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/acts-of-faith/wp/2017/08/14/russell-moore-white-supremacy-angers-jesus-but-does-it-anger-his-church/">"Russell Moore: White supremacy angers Jesus, but does it anger his church?"</a>—The president of the Ethics & Religious Liberty Commission of the Southern Baptist Convention</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/culture/the-front-row/exterminate-all-the-brutes-reviewed-a-vast-agonizing-history-of-white-supremacy/">"Exterminate All the Brutes, Reviewed: A Vast, Agonizing History of White Supremacy"</a> (HBO Series), by Richard Brody, April 9, 2021, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Confederate">Neo-Confederate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordicism" title="Nordicism">Nordicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_intelligence" title="Race and intelligence">Race and intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_African_Americans" title="Racism against African Americans">Racism against African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_terrorism" title="Right-wing terrorism">Right-wing terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Australia_policy" title="White Australia policy">White Australia policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">White genocide conspiracy theory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalergi_Plan" title="Kalergi Plan">Kalergi Plan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_student_unions" title="White student unions">White student unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_identity" title="White identity">White identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_power_skinhead" title="White power skinhead">White power skinhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_pride" title="White pride">White pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_separatism" class="mw-redirect" title="White separatism">White separatism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">White supremacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathenry_(new_religious_movement)" title="Heathenry (new religious movement)">Wotanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_Occupation_Government_conspiracy_theory" title="Zionist Occupation Government conspiracy theory">Zionist Occupation Government conspiracy theory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_white_nationalist_organizations" title="List of white nationalist organizations">Organizations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_and_White_Front" title="Blue and White Front">Blue and White Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_National_Party" title="British National Party">British National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_18" title="Combat 18">Combat 18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_People%27s_Union" title="Dutch People's Union">Dutch People's Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_Comtois" title="Front Comtois">Front Comtois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Dawn_(Greece)" title="Golden Dawn (Greece)">Golden Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosank" title="Hosank">Hosank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Diversity_Foundation" title="Human Diversity Foundation">Human Diversity Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jobbik" title="Jobbik">Jobbik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Identitaires" title="Les Identitaires">Les Identitaires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Action_(UK)" title="National Action (UK)">National Action (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="National Democratic Party of Germany">National Democratic Party of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(UK)" title="National Front (UK)">National Front (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Revival_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="National Revival of Poland">National Revival of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Front" title="National Socialist Front">National Socialist Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_of_Denmark" title="National Socialist Movement of Denmark">National Socialist Movement of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_of_Norway" title="National Socialist Movement of Norway">National Socialist Movement of Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Resistance_Movement" title="Nordic Resistance Movement">Nordic Resistance Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noua_Dreapt%C4%83" title="Noua Dreaptă">Noua Dreaptă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_Swedes" title="Party of the Swedes">Party of the Swedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_Our_Slovakia" title="People's Party Our Slovakia">People's Party Our Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Unity" title="Russian National Unity">Russian National Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Imperial_Movement" title="Russian Imperial Movement">Russian Imperial Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_Union_(Russia)" title="Slavic Union (Russia)">Slavic Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social-National_Assembly" title="Social-National Assembly">Social-National Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldiers_of_Odin" title="Soldiers of Odin">Soldiers of Odin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomwaffen_Division" title="Atomwaffen Division">Sonnenkrieg Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigrid_(Norway)" title="Vigrid (Norway)">Vigrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voorpost" title="Voorpost">Voorpost</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/11th_Hour_Remnant_Messenger" title="11th Hour Remnant Messenger">11th Hour Remnant Messenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Freedom_Network" title="Aryan Freedom Network">Aryan Freedom Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Freedom_Party" title="American Freedom Party">American Freedom Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Front" title="American Front">American Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Nazi_Party" title="American Nazi Party">American Nazi Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomwaffen_Division" title="Atomwaffen Division">Atomwaffen Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Guard" title="Aryan Guard">Aryan Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Nations" title="Aryan Nations">Aryan Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Nationalist_Party_(2017)" title="Canadian Nationalist Party (2017)">Canadian Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Conservative_Citizens" title="Council of Conservative Citizens">Council of Conservative Citizens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groypers" title="Groypers">Groypers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European-American_Unity_and_Rights_Organization" title="European-American Unity and Rights Organization">European-American Unity and Rights Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammerskins" title="Hammerskins">Hammerskins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Front" title="Heritage Front">Heritage Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_Evropa" title="Identity Evropa">Identity Evropa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Lobby" title="Liberty Lobby">Liberty Lobby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(United_States)" title="National Alliance (United States)">National Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_White_People" title="National Association for the Advancement of White People">NAAWP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Citizens_Alliance" title="National Citizens Alliance">National Citizens Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Justice_Party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Justice Party (United States)">National Justice Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Policy_Institute" title="National Policy Institute">National Policy Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Vanguard_(American_organization)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Vanguard (American organization)">National Vanguard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Movement" title="Nationalist Movement">Nationalist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Party_of_Canada" title="Nationalist Party of Canada">Nationalist Party of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(United_States)" title="National Socialist Movement (United States)">National Socialist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSDAP/AO_(1972)" title="NSDAP/AO (1972)">NSDAP/AO (1972)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proud_Boys" title="Proud Boys">Proud Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rise_Above_Movement" title="Rise Above Movement">Rise Above Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Order_(white_supremacist_group)" title="The Order (white supremacist group)">The Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Worker_Party" title="Traditionalist Worker Party">Traditionalist Worker Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redneck_Shop" title="Redneck Shop">Redneck Shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Aryan_Resistance" title="White Aryan Resistance">White Aryan Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Order_of_Thule" title="White Order of Thule">White Order of Thule</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antipodean_Resistance" title="Antipodean Resistance">Antipodean Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Front" title="New Zealand National Front">New Zealand National Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_Blue_Crew" title="True Blue Crew">True Blue Crew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Patriots_Front" title="United Patriots Front">United Patriots Front</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">South Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_Weerstandsbeweging" title="Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging">Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_Volksfront" title="Afrikaner Volksfront">Afrikaner Volksfront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanke_Bevrydingsbeweging" title="Blanke Bevrydingsbeweging">Blanke Bevrydingsbeweging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Conservative Party (South Africa)">Conservative Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kommandokorps" title="Kommandokorps">Kommandokorps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_National_Front" title="South African National Front">South African National Front</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/White_power_music" title="White power music">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blood_%26_Honour" title="Blood & Honour">Blood & Honour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_black_metal" title="National Socialist black metal">National Socialist black metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_punk" title="Nazi punk">Nazi punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Against_Communism" title="Rock Against Communism">Rock Against Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaporwave#Fashwave" title="Vaporwave">Fashwave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Tonight#Moon_Man" title="Mac Tonight">Moon Man rap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Print media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Renaissance_(magazine)" title="American Renaissance (magazine)">American Renaissance</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arktos_Media" title="Arktos Media">Arktos Media</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Vanguard_(publication)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Vanguard (publication)">National Vanguard</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Occidental_Quarterly" title="The Occidental Quarterly">The Occidental Quarterly</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Summit_Publishers" title="Washington Summit Publishers">Washington Summit Publishers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Radio shows</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nick_Fuentes" title="Nick Fuentes">America First with Nicholas J. Fuentes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Political_Cesspool" title="The Political Cesspool">The Political Cesspool</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Websites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki//pol/" title="/pol/">/pol/</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Stormer" title="The Daily Stormer">The Daily Stormer</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapedia" title="Metapedia">Metapedia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Occidental_Observer" title="Occidental Observer">Occidental Observer</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redwatch" title="Redwatch">Redwatch</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Stuff_(blog)" title="The Right Stuff (blog)">The Right Stuff</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stormfront_(website)" title="Stormfront (website)">Stormfront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VDARE" title="VDARE">VDARE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gab_(social_network)" title="Gab (social network)">Gab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Opposition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League" title="Anti-Defamation League">Anti-Defamation League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-fascism" title="Anti-fascism">Anti-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Fascist_Action" title="Anti-Fascist Action">Anti-Fascist Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-racism" title="Anti-racism">Anti-racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antifa_(United_States)" title="Antifa (United States)">Antifa (United States)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antifaschistische_Aktion" title="Antifaschistische Aktion">Antifaschistische Aktion (Germany)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antifascistisk_Aktion" title="Antifascistisk Aktion">Antifascistisk Aktion (Sweden)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">Civil rights movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_Hate_Prevention_Institute" title="Online Hate Prevention Institute">Online Hate Prevention Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post%E2%80%93World_War_II_anti-fascism" title="Post–World War II anti-fascism">Post–World War II anti-fascism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Searchlight_(magazine)" title="Searchlight (magazine)">Searchlight</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Wiesenthal_Center" title="Simon Wiesenthal Center">Simon Wiesenthal Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Poverty_Law_Center" title="Southern Poverty Law Center">Southern Poverty Law Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Right:_Meeting_the_Enemy" title="White Right: Meeting the Enemy">White Right: Meeting the Enemy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:White_nationalism" title="Category:White nationalism">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Alt-right" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alt-right_footer" title="Template:Alt-right footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alt-right_footer" title="Template talk:Alt-right footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alt-right_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alt-right footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alt-right" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alt-right" title="Alt-right">Alt-right</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Ideas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Core</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_nationalism" title="American nationalism">American nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antifeminism" title="Antifeminism">Antifeminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_immigration" title="Opposition to immigration">Anti-immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Blood_and_soil" title="Blood and soil">Blood and soil</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_racism" title="Cultural racism">Cultural racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Words" title="Fourteen Words">Fourteen Words</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_skin" title="Ghost skin">Ghost skin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_politics_in_the_United_States" title="Gun politics in the United States">Gun rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homophobia" title="Homophobia">Homophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_natural_increase" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by natural increase">Increase in birth rates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islamophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isolationism" title="Isolationism">Isolationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiverfull" title="Quiverfull">Large families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativism_(politics)" title="Nativism (politics)">Nativism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protectionism" title="Protectionism">Protectionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">Right-wing populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">Scientific racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transphobia" title="Transphobia">Transphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_ethnostate" title="White ethnostate">White ethnostate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">White nationalism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">White supremacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">Xenophobia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Conspiracy <br />theories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Marxism_conspiracy_theory" title="Cultural Marxism conspiracy theory">Cultural Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurabia">Eurabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Soros#Conspiracy_theories_and_threats" title="George Soros">George Soros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Replacement" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Replacement">Great Replacement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexual_agenda" class="mw-redirect" title="Homosexual agenda">Homosexual agenda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalergi_Plan" title="Kalergi Plan">Kalergi Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Seth_Rich" title="Murder of Seth Rich">Murder of Seth Rich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_Order_(conspiracy_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="New World Order (conspiracy theory)">New World Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizzagate_conspiracy_theory" title="Pizzagate conspiracy theory">Pizzagate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Liberty_incident" title="USS Liberty incident">USS <i>Liberty</i> incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">White genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_Occupation_Government_conspiracy_theory" title="Zionist Occupation Government conspiracy theory">Zionist Occupation Government</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accelerationism" title="Accelerationism">Accelerationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt-lite" title="Alt-lite">Alt-lite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt-right_pipeline" title="Alt-right pipeline">Alt-right pipeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_media_(U.S._political_right)" title="Alternative media (U.S. political right)">Alternative media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boogaloo_movement" title="Boogaloo movement">Boogaloo movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Identity" title="Christian Identity">Christian Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creativity_(religion)" title="Creativity (religion)">Creativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DezNat" title="DezNat">DezNat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnofuturism" title="Ethnofuturism">Ethnofuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">Holocaust denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identitarian_movement" title="Identitarian movement">Identitarian movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incel" title="Incel">Incel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinism" title="Kinism">Kinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manosphere" title="Manosphere">Manosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men_Going_Their_Own_Way" title="Men Going Their Own Way">Men Going Their Own Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAGA_communism" class="mw-redirect" title="MAGA communism">MAGA Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_black_metal" title="National Socialist black metal">National Socialist black metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Confederate" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Confederate">Neo-Confederate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-fascism" title="Neo-fascism">Neo-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-nationalism" title="Neo-nationalism">Neo-nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">Neo-Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territorial_Imperative" title="Northwest Territorial Imperative">Northwest Territorial Imperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathenry_(new_religious_movement)#Racial_issues" title="Heathenry (new religious movement)">Nordic racial paganism/Odalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_Droite" title="Nouvelle Droite">Nouvelle Droite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoconservatism" title="Paleoconservatism">Paleoconservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleolibertarianism" title="Paleolibertarianism">Paleolibertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QAnon" title="QAnon">QAnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_right_(United_States)" title="Radical right (United States)">Radical right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionary" title="Reactionary">Reactionary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Enlightenment" title="Dark Enlightenment">Dark Enlightenment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Position" title="Third Position">Third Position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Lives_Matter" title="White Lives Matter">White Lives Matter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Online<br />culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Alt-tech" title="Alt-tech">Alt-tech</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4chan" title="4chan">4chan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki//pol/" title="/pol/">/pol/</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8chan" title="8chan">8chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BitChute" title="BitChute">BitChute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epik" title="Epik">Epik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gab_(social_network)" title="Gab (social network)">Gab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gettr" title="Gettr">Gettr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minds_(social_network)" title="Minds (social network)">Minds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parler" title="Parler">Parler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorgram" title="Terrorgram">Terrorgram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truth_Social" title="Truth Social">Truth Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voat" title="Voat">Voat</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">X</a> (<a href="/wiki/Twitter_under_Elon_Musk" title="Twitter under Elon Musk">Twitter under Elon Musk</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Websites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Renaissance_(magazine)" title="American Renaissance (magazine)">American Renaissance</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Breitbart_News" title="Breitbart News">Breitbart News</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Stormer" title="The Daily Stormer">The Daily Stormer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/InfoWars" title="InfoWars">InfoWars</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_Identity_Ministries" title="Kingdom Identity Ministries">Kingdom Identity Ministries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuruc.info" title="Kuruc.info">Kuruc.info</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapedia" title="Metapedia">Metapedia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Occidental_Observer" title="Occidental Observer">Occidental Observer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Occidental_Quarterly" title="The Occidental Quarterly">The Occidental Quarterly</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rebel_News" title="Rebel News">Rebel News</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Ice" title="Red Ice">Red Ice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R/The_Donald" title="R/The Donald">Reddit (r/The_Donald)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Stuff_(blog)" title="The Right Stuff (blog)">The Right Stuff</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/StoneToss" title="StoneToss">StoneToss</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stormfront_(website)" title="Stormfront (website)">Stormfront</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/TruNews" title="TruNews">TruNews</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_News_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanguard News Network">Vanguard News Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VDARE" title="VDARE">VDARE</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/WorldNetDaily" title="WorldNetDaily">WorldNetDaily</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Memes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Basket_of_deplorables" title="Basket of deplorables">Basket of deplorables</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Alpha_and_beta_male" title="Alpha and beta male">Beta male</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cuckservative" title="Cuckservative">Cuckservative</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Deus_vult" title="Deus vult">Deus vult</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashwave" class="mw-redirect" title="Fashwave">Fashwave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happy_Merchant" title="Happy Merchant">Happy Merchant</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/It%27s_okay_to_be_white" title="It's okay to be white">It's okay to be white</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Tonight#Moon_Man" title="Mac Tonight">Moon Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPC_(meme)" title="NPC (meme)">NPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OK_gesture" title="OK gesture">OK gesture</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Owning_the_libs" title="Owning the libs">Owning the libs</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepe_the_Frog" title="Pepe the Frog">Pepe the Frog</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Red_pill_and_blue_pill" title="Red pill and blue pill">Red pill and blue pill</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_Wing_Death_Squad" title="Right Wing Death Squad">Right Wing Death Squad</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Serbia_Strong" title="Serbia Strong">Remove Kebab</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Shadilay" title="Shadilay">Shadilay</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Snowflake_(slang)" title="Snowflake (slang)">Snowflake</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Social_justice_warrior" title="Social justice warrior">Social justice warrior</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trash_Doves" title="Trash Doves">Trash Doves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_parentheses" title="Triple parentheses">Triple parentheses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undercut_(hairstyle)" title="Undercut (hairstyle)">Undercut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AltRight_Corporation" title="AltRight Corporation">AltRight Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Freedom_Party" title="American Freedom Party">American Freedom Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Communist_Action" title="Anti-Communist Action">Anti-Communist Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipodean_Resistance" title="Antipodean Resistance">Antipodean Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomwaffen_Division" title="Atomwaffen Division">Atomwaffen Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Base_(hate_group)" title="The Base (hate group)">The Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deplorable_Pride" title="Deplorable Pride">Deplorable Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diagolon" title="Diagolon">Diagolon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groypers" title="Groypers">Groypers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundred-Handers_(group)" title="Hundred-Handers (group)">Hundred-Handers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_Evropa" title="Identity Evropa">Identity Evropa</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identit%C3%A4re_Bewegung_%C3%96sterreich" title="Identitäre Bewegung Österreich">Identitarian Movement of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lads_Society" title="Lads Society">Lads Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Identitaires" title="Les Identitaires">Les Identitaires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Forum_(far-right_group)" title="London Forum (far-right group)">London Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Justice_Party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Justice Party (United States)">National Justice Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Policy_Institute" title="National Policy Institute">National Policy Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Century_Foundation" title="New Century Foundation">New Century Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Front" title="Patriot Front">Patriot Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Prayer" title="Patriot Prayer">Patriot Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proud_Boys" title="Proud Boys">Proud Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rise_Above_Movement" title="Rise Above Movement">Rise Above Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Worker_Party" title="Traditionalist Worker Party">Traditionalist Worker Party</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_America" title="Vanguard America">Vanguard America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Summit_Publishers" title="Washington Summit Publishers">Washington Summit Publishers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Berkeley_protests" title="2017 Berkeley protests">Berkeley protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comicsgate" title="Comicsgate">Comicsgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeploraBall" title="DeploraBall">DeploraBall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/End_Domestic_Terrorism_rally" title="End Domestic Terrorism rally">End Domestic Terrorism rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamergate_(harassment_campaign)" title="Gamergate (harassment campaign)">Gamergate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Macron_e-mail_leaks" title="2017 Macron e-mail leaks">Macron e-mail leaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Right_rally" title="Unite the Right rally">Unite the Right rally</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Right_2" title="Unite the Right 2">Unite the Right 2</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Attacks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assault_of_DeAndre_Harris" title="Assault of DeAndre Harris">Assault of DeAndre Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Buffalo_shooting" title="2022 Buffalo shooting">Buffalo shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston_church_shooting" title="Charleston church shooting">Charleston church shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlottesville_car_attack" title="Charlottesville car attack">Charlottesville car attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christchurch_mosque_shootings" title="Christchurch mosque shootings">Christchurch mosque shootings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_El_Paso_shooting" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 El Paso shooting">El Paso shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Blaze_Bernstein" title="Murder of Blaze Bernstein">Murder of Blaze Bernstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Timothy_Caughman" title="Murder of Timothy Caughman">Murder of Timothy Caughman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_synagogue_shooting" title="Pittsburgh synagogue shooting">Pittsburgh synagogue shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Portland_train_attack" title="2017 Portland train attack">Portland train attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Atomwaffen_Division_members_in_the_United_States_who_faced_criminal_charges" title="List of Atomwaffen Division members in the United States who faced criminal charges">List of Atomwaffen Division members in the United States who faced criminal charges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_activities_involving_the_Proud_Boys" title="Timeline of activities involving the Proud Boys">Timeline of activities involving the Proud Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_crimes_involving_the_Order_of_Nine_Angles" title="Timeline of crimes involving the Order of Nine Angles">Timeline of crimes involving the Order of Nine Angles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Allsup" title="James Allsup">James Allsup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Anglin" title="Andrew Anglin">Andrew Anglin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weev" title="Weev">Andrew "weev" Auernheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Bannon" title="Steve Bannon">Steve Bannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vox_Day" title="Vox Day">Theodore "Vox Day" Beale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Benjamin" title="Carl Benjamin">Carl "Sargon of Akkad" Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_Benjamin" title="Owen Benjamin">Owen Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Black_(white_supremacist)" title="Don Black (white supremacist)">Don Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Brimelow" title="Peter Brimelow">Peter Brimelow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Cantwell" title="Christopher Cantwell">Christopher Cantwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Cernovich" title="Mike Cernovich">Mike Cernovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_de_Benoist" title="Alain de Benoist">Alain de Benoist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Derbyshire" title="John Derbyshire">John Derbyshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Donovan_(writer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack Donovan (writer)">Jack Donovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Duke" title="David Duke">David Duke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Enoch" title="Mike Enoch">Mike Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Faye" title="Guillaume Faye">Guillaume Faye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haakon_Forwald" title="Haakon Forwald">Haakon Forwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Friberg" title="Daniel Friberg">Daniel Friberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Fuentes" title="Nick Fuentes">Nick Fuentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Gari%C3%A9py" title="Jean-François Gariépy">Jean-François Gariépy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Garrison" title="Ben Garrison">Ben Garrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Sol_Invictus" title="Augustus Sol Invictus">Austin "Augustus Sol Invictus" Gillespie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baked_Alaska_(livestreamer)" title="Baked Alaska (livestreamer)">Tim "Baked Alaska" Gionet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_Goldy" title="Faith Goldy">Faith Goldy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gottfried" title="Paul Gottfried">Paul Gottfried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Paul_Hasson" title="Christopher Paul Hasson">Christopher Paul Hasson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Heimbach" title="Matthew Heimbach">Matthew Heimbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_A._Hoffman_II" title="Michael A. Hoffman II">Michael A. Hoffman II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Hyde" title="Sam Hyde">Sam Hyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_C._Johnson" title="Charles C. Johnson">Charles C. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Johnson_(white_nationalist)" title="Greg Johnson (white nationalist)">Greg Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Daniel_Johnson" title="William Daniel Johnson">William Daniel Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Jones" title="Alex Jones">Alex Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_J._Jones" title="Arthur J. Jones">Arthur J. Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Jorjani" title="Jason Jorjani">Jason Jorjani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruuben_Kaalep" title="Ruuben Kaalep">Ruuben Kaalep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Kawcyznski" title="Tom Kawcyznski">Tom Kawcyznski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Kessler" title="Jason Kessler">Jason Kessler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Murray_(author)" title="Douglas Murray (author)">Douglas Murray </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_King" title="Steve King">Steve King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliott_Kline" title="Elliott Kline">Elliott Kline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Land" title="Nick Land">Nick Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Linder" title="Alex Linder">Alex Linder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lana_Lokteff" title="Lana Lokteff">Lana Lokteff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Loomer" title="Laura Loomer">Laura Loomer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Lowell" title="Norman Lowell">Norman Lowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_MacDonald_(evolutionary_psychologist)" title="Kevin MacDonald (evolutionary psychologist)">Kevin MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_MacKenzie_(activist)" title="Jeremy MacKenzie (activist)">Jeremy MacKenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Mason_(neo-Nazi)" title="James Mason (neo-Nazi)">James Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_McNallen" title="Stephen McNallen">Stephen McNallen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merlin_Miller" title="Merlin Miller">Merlin Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Miller_(political_advisor)" title="Stephen Miller (political advisor)">Stephen Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Molyneux" title="Stefan Molyneux">Stefan Molyneux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Nehlen" title="Paul Nehlen">Paul Nehlen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GypsyCrusader" title="GypsyCrusader">Paul "GypsyCrusader" Nicholas Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethan_Nordean" title="Ethan Nordean">Ethan Nordean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Posobiec" title="Jack Posobiec">Jack Posobiec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_Pervert" title="Bronze Age Pervert">Bronze Age Pervert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ray_Ramsey" title="Paul Ray Ramsey">Paul Ray Ramsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Regnery_II" title="William Regnery II">William Regnery II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Renshaw_(terrorist)" title="Jack Renshaw (terrorist)">Jack Renshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennial_Woes" title="Millennial Woes">Colin "Millennial Woes" Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Sailer" title="Steve Sailer">Steve Sailer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Sellner" title="Martin Sellner">Martin Sellner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sewell_(neo-Nazi)" title="Thomas Sewell (neo-Nazi)">Thomas Sewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauren_Southern" title="Lauren Southern">Lauren Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Spencer" title="Richard B. Spencer">Richard B. Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Stevens" title="Brett Stevens">Brett Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_Taylor" title="Jared Taylor">Jared Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tila_Tequila" title="Tila Tequila">Tila Tequila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosh_V" title="Roosh V">Daryush "Roosh V" Valizadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes">Varg Vikernes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Joseph_Watson" title="Paul Joseph Watson">Paul Joseph Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucian_Wintrich" title="Lucian Wintrich">Lucian Wintrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Yarvin" title="Curtis Yarvin">Curtis Yarvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milo_Yiannopoulos" title="Milo Yiannopoulos">Milo Yiannopoulos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_alt-right" title="Responses to the alt-right">Opposition<br />and<br />criticism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antifa_(United_States)" title="Antifa (United States)">Antifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destiny_(streamer)" title="Destiny (streamer)">Steven "Destiny" Bonnell II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaush" title="Vaush">Ian "Vaush" Kochinski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hbomberguy" title="Hbomberguy">Harry "Hbomberguy" Brewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innuendo_Studios" title="Innuendo Studios">Ian "Innuendo Studios" Danskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Evans_(journalist)" title="Robert Evans (journalist)">Robert Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Gorcenski" title="Emily Gorcenski">Emily Gorcenski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daryle_Lamont_Jenkins" title="Daryle Lamont Jenkins">Daryle Lamont Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Nagle" title="Angela Nagle">Angela Nagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Neiwert" title="David Neiwert">David Neiwert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaun_(YouTuber)" title="Shaun (YouTuber)">Shaun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_Tube" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosophy Tube">Abigail "Philosophy Tube" Thorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ContraPoints" title="ContraPoints">Natalie "ContraPoints" Wynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Zuckerberg" title="Donna Zuckerberg">Donna Zuckerberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alt-America:_The_Rise_of_the_Radical_Right_in_the_Age_of_Trump" class="mw-redirect" title="Alt-America: The Rise of the Radical Right in the Age of Trump">Alt-America</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Culture_Warlords" title="Culture Warlords">Culture Warlords</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_Bargain" title="Devil's Bargain">Devil's Bargain</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feels_Good_Man" title="Feels Good Man">Feels Good Man</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Don%27t_Speak_German" title="I Don't Speak German">I Don't Speak German</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/It_Came_From_Something_Awful" class="mw-redirect" title="It Came From Something Awful">It Came From Something Awful</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kill_All_Normies" title="Kill All Normies">Kill All Normies</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_Fight" title="Knowledge Fight">Knowledge Fight</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/White_Right:_Meeting_the_Enemy" title="White Right: Meeting the Enemy">White Right: Meeting the Enemy</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="White_people" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:White_people" title="Template:White people"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:White_people" title="Template talk:White people"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:White_people" title="Special:EditPage/Template:White people"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="White_people" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/White_people" title="White people">White people</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Bold</b> refers to countries, regions and territories in which the majority ethnic group is generally considered to be people of white European descent.</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_emigration" title="European emigration">European emigration</a><br />by location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/White_Africans_of_European_ancestry" title="White Africans of European ancestry">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pieds-noirs" title="Pieds-noirs">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Angolans" title="White Angolans">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_people_in_Botswana" title="White people in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_people_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="White people in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_people_in_Kenya" title="White people in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Malawians" title="White Malawians">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Moroccans" title="European Moroccans">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Namibians" title="White Namibians">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoreilles" title="Zoreilles">Reunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_South_Africans" title="White South Africans">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Tunisians" title="European Tunisians">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_people_in_Zambia" title="White people in Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Zimbabweans" title="White Zimbabweans">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Pakistanis" title="European Pakistanis">Pakistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_Bahamian" class="mw-redirect" title="White Bahamian">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Barbadians" title="White Barbadians">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Bermudians" title="White Bermudians">Bermuda</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/European_Canadians" title="European Canadians">Canada</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Caribbean_people" title="White Caribbean people">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Caymanians" title="White Caymanians">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Costa_Rica#European_Costa_Ricans" title="Demographics of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cubans#European" title="Cubans">Cuba</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Dominican_(Dominica)" class="mw-redirect" title="White Dominican (Dominica)">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Dominicans" title="White Dominicans">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadorans#White_and_Mestizo_Salvadorans" title="Salvadorans">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalans#Criollo_and_other_European_descendants" title="Guatemalans">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Haitians" title="White Haitians">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Honduras#European" title="Demographics of Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Jamaicans" title="White Jamaicans">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Mexicans" title="White Mexicans">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Panama#European_Panamanians" title="Demographics of Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Trinidadians_and_Tobagonians" title="White Trinidadians and Tobagonians">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/White_Americans" title="White Americans">United States</a></b> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/White_Americans_in_California" title="White Americans in California">California</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_Americans_in_Los_Angeles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="White Americans in Los Angeles (page does not exist)">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_San_Francisco#European_Americans" title="Demographics of San Francisco">San Francisco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_people_in_Hawaii" title="White people in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/White_Americans_in_Louisiana" title="White Americans in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/White_Americans_in_Maryland" title="White Americans in Maryland">Maryland</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_White_Americans_in_Baltimore" title="History of White Americans in Baltimore">Baltimore</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/White_Southerners" title="White Southerners">Southern United States</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Puerto_Ricans" title="White Puerto Ricans">Puerto Rico</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Kittitians_and_Nevisians" title="White Kittitians and Nevisians">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/White_Latin_Americans" title="White Latin Americans">South America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Argentines_of_European_descent" title="Argentines of European descent">Argentina</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Bolivians" title="White Bolivians">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Brazilians" title="White Brazilians">Brazil</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chileans#European_and_neighboring_immigrants" title="Chileans">Chile</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Colombians" title="White Colombians">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Paraguayans" title="White Paraguayans">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvians_of_European_descent" title="Peruvians of European descent">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Surinamese" title="White Surinamese">Suriname</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Uruguayans#Europeans_or_whites" title="Uruguayans">Uruguay</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelans_of_European_descent" title="Venezuelans of European descent">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Europeans_in_Oceania" title="Europeans in Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/European_Australians" title="European Australians">Australia</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caldoche" title="Caldoche">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_people_in_Hawaii" title="White people in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/European_New_Zealanders" title="European New Zealanders">New Zealand</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">Apartheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_race" title="Aryan race">Aryan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blanqueamiento" title="Blanqueamiento">Blanqueamiento</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Casta" title="Casta">Castas</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Peninsulares" title="Peninsulares">Peninsulares</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Criollo_people" title="Criollo people">Criollos</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_white_child" title="First white child">First white child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorary_whites" title="Honorary whites">Honorary whites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Play_the_white_man" title="Play the white man">Play the white man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-modern_conceptions_of_whiteness" title="Pre-modern conceptions of whiteness">Pre-modern conceptions of whiteness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Settler_colonialism" title="Settler colonialism">Settler colonialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Australia_policy" title="White Australia policy">White Australia policy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_White_Man%27s_Burden" title="The White Man's Burden">The White Man's Burden</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_gods" title="White gods">White gods</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sociological<br />phenomena and theories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acting_white" title="Acting white">Acting white</a> (<a href="/wiki/Passing_(racial_identity)" title="Passing (racial identity)">Passing as white</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missing_white_woman_syndrome" title="Missing white woman syndrome">Missing white woman syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skin_whitening" title="Skin whitening">Skin whitening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_flight" title="White flight">White flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_guilt" title="White guilt">White guilt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_privilege" title="White privilege">White privilege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiteness_studies" title="Whiteness studies">Whiteness studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitewashing_in_art" title="Whitewashing in art">Whitewashing in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitewashing_in_film" title="Whitewashing in film">Whitewashing in film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_savior_narrative_in_film" title="White savior narrative in film">White savior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_demographic_decline" title="White demographic decline">White demographic decline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:White_people_terms" title="Template:White people terms">White people terms</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">White supremacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_racism" title="Reverse racism">Reverse racism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Negative stereotypes of Whites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stereotypes_of_white_Americans" title="Stereotypes of white Americans">In the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_stereotypes" title="Appalachian stereotypes">Appalachian stereotypes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillbilly" title="Hillbilly">Hillbilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_white" title="Mountain white">Mountain whites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poor_White" title="Poor White">Poor Whites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redleg" title="Redleg">Redlegs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redneck" title="Redneck">Rednecks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_trash" title="White trash">White trash</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_(slang)" title="Karen (slang)">Karen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angry_white_male" title="Angry white male">Angry white male</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Becky_(slang)" title="Becky (slang)">Becky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basic_(slang)" title="Basic (slang)">Basic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_monkey" title="White monkey">White monkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">White <a href="/wiki/Identity_politics" title="Identity politics">identity politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Definitions_of_whiteness_in_the_United_States" title="Definitions of whiteness in the United States">US definitions of whiteness</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One-drop_rule" title="One-drop rule">One-drop rule</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt-right" title="Alt-right">Alt-right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Identity" title="Christian Identity">Christian Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_New_Right" title="European New Right">European New Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Replacement" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Replacement">Great Replacement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identitarian_movement" title="Identitarian movement">Identitarian movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">Non-Hispanic whites</a></li> <li>Old Stock <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Stock_Americans" title="Old Stock Americans">Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Stock_Canadians" title="Old Stock Canadians">Canadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_laine" title="Pure laine">Quebeckers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Anglo-Saxon_Protestants" title="White Anglo-Saxon Protestants">White Anglo-Saxon Protestants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_ethnic" title="White ethnic">White ethnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">White genocide conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="White Hispanic and Latino Americans">White Hispanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_identity" title="White identity">White identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">White nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_pride" title="White pride">White pride</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">White supremacy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Race_(human_categorization)" title="Race (human categorization)">Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Europe" title="Ethnic groups in Europe">European native population</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:People_of_European_descent" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:People of European descent">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Racism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Racism_topics" title="Template:Racism topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Racism_topics" title="Template talk:Racism topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Racism_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Racism topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Racism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Racism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types of racism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aversive_racism" title="Aversive racism">Aversive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_skin_tone" title="Discrimination based on skin tone">Colorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covert_racism" title="Covert racism">Covert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_racism" title="Cultural racism">Cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_on_the_Internet" title="Racism on the Internet">Cyber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_racism" title="Environmental racism">Environmental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_opportunity" title="Equal opportunity">Formal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendered_racism" title="Gendered racism">Gendered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_racism" title="Institutional racism">Institutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internalized_racism" title="Internalized racism">Internalized</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patent_racism" title="Patent racism">Patent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire_racism" title="Laissez-faire racism">Laissez-faire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_racism" title="Linguistic racism">Linguistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neocolonial_racism" title="Neocolonial racism">Neocolonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_racism" title="Romantic racism">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">Scientific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Societal_racism" title="Societal racism">Societal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substantive_equality" title="Substantive equality">Substantive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolic_racism" title="Symbolic racism">Symbolic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manifestations<br />of racism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-miscegenation_laws" title="Anti-miscegenation laws">Anti-miscegenation laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">Apartheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_determinism" title="Biological determinism">Biological determinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_nationality" title="Discrimination based on nationality">Discrimination based on nationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_conflict" title="Ethnic conflict">Ethnic conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_hatred" title="Ethnic hatred">Ethnic hatred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_joke" title="Ethnic joke">Ethnic jokes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_slurs" title="List of ethnic slurs">Ethnic slurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_stereotype" title="Ethnic stereotype">Ethnic stereotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_crime" title="Hate crime">Hate crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_speech" title="Hate speech">Hate speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_group" title="Hate group">Hate group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racialization" title="Racialization">Racialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_hierarchy" title="Racial hierarchy">Racial hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_nationalism" title="Racial nationalism">Racial nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_profiling" title="Racial profiling">Racial profiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">Racial segregation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Racism_by_country" title="Racism by country">Racism by region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_apartheid" title="Global apartheid">Global apartheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Africa" title="Racism in Africa">Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_South_Africa" title="Racism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Zimbabwe" title="Racism in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Asia" title="Racism in Asia">Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_China" title="Racism in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Japan" title="Racism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_North_Korea" title="Racism in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_South_Korea" title="Racism in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Thailand" title="Racism in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Vietnam" title="Racism in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_Arab_world" title="Racism in the Arab world">Arab world</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Libya" title="Racism in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Racism in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Sudan" title="Racism in Sudan">Sudan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Australia" title="Racism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Europe" title="Racism in Europe">Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Denmark" title="Racism in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_France" title="Racism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Germany" title="Racism in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Italy" title="Racism in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Poland" title="Racism in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Portugal" title="Racism in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Russia" title="Racism in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Racism in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Spain" title="Racism in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Ukraine" title="Racism in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Racism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_and_racism_in_the_Middle_East" title="Xenophobia and racism in the Middle East">Middle East</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Iran" title="Racism in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Israel" title="Racism in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Racism in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_and_discrimination_in_Turkey" title="Xenophobia and discrimination in Turkey">Turkey</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Racism in North America">North America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Canada" title="Racism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_United_States" title="Racism in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Mexico" title="Racism in Mexico">Mexico</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_South_America" title="Racism in South America">South America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Argentina" title="Racism in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Brazil" title="Racism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Chile" title="Racism in Chile">Chile</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Racism by target</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Arab_racism" title="Anti-Arab racism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_Asians" title="Racism against Asians">Asians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment_in_the_United_States" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment in the United States">Chinese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment_in_Japan" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment in Japan">Zainichi Chinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Japanese_sentiment" title="Anti-Japanese sentiment">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Japanese_sentiment_in_the_United_States" title="Anti-Japanese sentiment in the United States">Japanese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Japanese_sentiment_in_Korea" title="Anti-Japanese sentiment in Korea">Japanese Koreans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Korean_sentiment" title="Anti-Korean sentiment">Korean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Korean_sentiment_in_Japan" title="Anti-Korean sentiment in Japan">Zainichi Koreans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Vietnamese_sentiment" title="Anti-Vietnamese sentiment">Vietnamese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Black_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Black sentiment">Black</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_African_Americans" title="Racism against African Americans">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misogynoir" title="Misogynoir">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Racism against Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanophobia">Hispanic & Latino</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mexican_sentiment" title="Anti-Mexican sentiment">Mexican</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Jewish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_United_States" title="Antisemitism in the United States">Jewish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Jewish_communities" title="Racism in Jewish communities">In Jewish communities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_LGBT_community" title="Racism in the LGBT community">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti%E2%80%93Middle_Eastern_sentiment" title="Anti–Middle Eastern sentiment">Middle Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Muslim_communities" title="Racism in Muslim communities">Muslim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Romani_sentiment" title="Anti-Romani sentiment">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Slavic_sentiment" title="Anti-Slavic sentiment">Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_wine_industry" title="Racism in the wine industry">Wine industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supremacism" title="Supremacism">Racial supremacy</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">White supremacy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ableism" title="Ableism">Ableism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt-right" title="Alt-right">Alt-right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-racism" title="Anti-racism">Anti-racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caste" title="Caste">Casteism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_plastic_surgery" title="Ethnic plastic surgery">Ethnic plastic surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go_back_to_where_you_came_from" title="Go back to where you came from">Go back to where you came from</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herrenvolk_democracy" title="Herrenvolk democracy">Herrenvolk democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interminority_racism_in_the_United_States" title="Interminority racism in the United States">Interminority racism in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Hispanic_and_Latino_American_communities" title="Racism in Hispanic and Latino American communities">Hispanics/Latinos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching" title="Lynching">Lynching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passing_(racial_identity)" title="Passing (racial identity)">Passing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_foreigner" title="Perpetual foreigner">Perpetual foreigner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychometrics_of_racism" title="Psychometrics of racism">Psychometrics of racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_sexuality" title="Race and sexuality">Race and sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_bias_in_criminal_news_in_the_United_States" title="Racial bias in criminal news in the United States">Racial bias in criminal news in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_card" title="Race card">Race card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figleaf_(linguistics)" title="Figleaf (linguistics)">Racial figleaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_integration" title="Racial integration">Racial integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_quota" title="Racial quota">Racial quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_sport" title="Racism in sport">Racism in sport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_sport_in_Australia" title="Racism in sport in Australia">in Australia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_racism" title="Reverse racism">Reverse racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_race_and_ethnic_relations" title="Sociology of race and ethnic relations">Sociology of race and ethnic relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">Xenophobia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Racism" title="Category:Racism">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Racism" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Racism">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_racism-related_articles" title="Index of racism-related articles">Index</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Discrimination" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Discrimination" title="Template:Discrimination"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Discrimination" title="Template talk:Discrimination"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Discrimination" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Discrimination"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Discrimination" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Discrimination" title="Discrimination">Discrimination</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_discrimination" title="Institutional discrimination">Institutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_discrimination" title="Structural discrimination">Structural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_discrimination_(economics)" title="Statistical discrimination (economics)">Statistical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taste-based_discrimination" title="Taste-based discrimination">Taste-based</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attributes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.26em 0; line-height:1.5em; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ageism" title="Ageism">Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caste" title="Caste">Caste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_discrimination" title="Class discrimination">Class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialect_discrimination" title="Dialect discrimination">Dialect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ableism" title="Ableism">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_discrimination" title="Genetic discrimination">Genetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_hair_texture" title="Discrimination based on hair texture">Hair texture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Height_discrimination" title="Height discrimination">Height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_discrimination" title="Linguistic discrimination">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lookism" title="Lookism">Looks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanism" title="Sanism">Mental disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Race / Ethnicity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_skin_tone" title="Discrimination based on skin tone">Skin color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">Scientific racism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankism" title="Rankism">Rank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexism" title="Sexism">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_discrimination" title="Sexual orientation discrimination">Sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sizeism" title="Sizeism">Size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viewpoint_discrimination" title="Viewpoint discrimination">Viewpoint</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arophobia">Arophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_asexual_people" title="Discrimination against asexual people">Acephobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adultism" title="Adultism">Adultism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_people_with_albinism" title="Persecution of people with albinism">Anti-albinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_autistic_people" title="Discrimination against autistic people">Anti-autism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_homeless_people" title="Discrimination against homeless people">Anti-homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_drug_addicts" title="Discrimination against drug addicts">Anti-drug addicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-intellectualism" title="Anti-intellectualism">Anti-intellectualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_intersex_people" title="Discrimination against intersex people">Anti-intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bias_against_left-handed_people" title="Bias against left-handed people">Anti-left handedness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonry" title="Anti-Masonry">Anti-Masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aporophobia" title="Aporophobia">Aporophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audism" title="Audism">Audism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biphobia" title="Biphobia">Biphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clannism" class="mw-redirect" title="Clannism">Clannism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">Elitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephebiphobia" title="Ephebiphobia">Ephebiphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_health" title="Social determinants of health">Social determinants of health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_health_in_poverty" title="Social determinants of health in poverty">Social determinants of health in poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_mental_health" title="Social determinants of mental health">Social determinants of mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma_of_obesity" title="Social stigma of obesity">Fatphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_gay_men" title="Discrimination against gay men">Gayphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontophobia" title="Gerontophobia">Gerontophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterosexism" title="Heterosexism">Heterosexism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_people_with_HIV/AIDS" title="Discrimination against people with HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homophobia" title="Homophobia">Homophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leprosy_stigma" title="Leprosy stigma">Leprosy stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesbophobia">Lesbophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_men" title="Discrimination against men">Discrimination against men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misandry" title="Misandry">Misandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misogyny" title="Misogyny">Misogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepotism" title="Nepotism">Nepotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fear_of_children" title="Fear of children">Pedophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_foreigner" title="Perpetual foreigner">Perpetual foreigner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy_discrimination" title="Pregnancy discrimination">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarianism" title="Sectarianism">Sectarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supremacism" title="Supremacism">Supremacism</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">Male</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transphobia" title="Transphobia">Transphobia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21st-century_anti-trans_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom">21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_non-binary_people" title="Discrimination against non-binary people">Non-binary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmisogyny" title="Transmisogyny">Transmisogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_transgender_men" title="Discrimination against transgender men">Trans men</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegaphobia" title="Vegaphobia">Vegaphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">Xenophobia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination" title="Religious discrimination">Religious</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_atheists" title="Discrimination against atheists">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusivism#Religious_exclusivism" title="Exclusivism">Exclusivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="Persecution of Baháʼís">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Buddhists" title="Persecution of Buddhists">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian_sentiment" title="Anti-Christian sentiment">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Eastern_Orthodox_Christians" title="Persecution of Eastern Orthodox Christians">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mormonism" title="Anti-Mormonism">LDS or Mormon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_post%E2%80%93Cold_War_era" title="Persecution of Christians in the post–Cold War era">post–Cold War era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong" title="Persecution of Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hindu_sentiment" title="Anti-Hindu sentiment">Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Untouchability" title="Untouchability">Untouchability</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Muslims" title="Persecution of Muslims">Persecution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Ahmadis" title="Persecution of Ahmadis">Ahmadiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Shi%27ism" title="Anti-Shi'ism">Shi'ism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Sufis" title="Persecution of Sufis">Sufism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sunnism" title="Anti-Sunnism">Sunnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_minority_Muslim_groups" title="Persecution of minority Muslim groups">minority Muslim</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_antisemitism" title="Religious antisemitism">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews" title="Persecution of Jews">Persecution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination_against_modern_pagans" title="Religious discrimination against modern pagans">Neopaganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Protestantism" title="Anti-Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Rastafari" title="Persecution of Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sikh_sentiment" title="Anti-Sikh sentiment">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Yazidis" title="Persecution of Yazidis">Yazidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Zoroastrians" title="Persecution of Zoroastrians">Zoroastrianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic/<a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_nationality" title="Discrimination based on nationality">National</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Afghan_sentiment" title="Anti-Afghan sentiment">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-African_sentiment" title="Anti-African sentiment">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Albanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Albanian sentiment">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Arab_racism" title="Anti-Arab racism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Armenian_sentiment" title="Anti-Armenian sentiment">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_Asians" title="Racism against Asians">Asian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_France" title="Anti-Asian racism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_post-Apartheid_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Asian racism in post-Apartheid South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Asian racism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Assyrian_sentiment" title="Anti-Assyrian sentiment">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Azerbaijani_sentiment" title="Anti-Azerbaijani sentiment">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negrophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Negrophobia">Black people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_African_Americans" title="Racism against African Americans">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-black_discrimination_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-black discrimination in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-black_racism_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-black racism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Bengali_sentiment_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Bengali sentiment in India">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_for_the_Protection_of_Macedonian_National_Honor" class="mw-redirect" title="Law for the Protection of Macedonian National Honor">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catalan_sentiment" title="Anti-Catalan sentiment">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chechen_sentiment" title="Anti-Chechen sentiment">Chechen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Colombian_sentiment" title="Anti-Colombian sentiment">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Croat_sentiment" title="Anti-Croat sentiment">Croat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Filipino_sentiment" title="Anti-Filipino sentiment">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Fulani_sentiment" title="Anti-Fulani sentiment">Fulani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Finnish_sentiment" title="Anti-Finnish sentiment">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Georgian_sentiment" title="Anti-Georgian sentiment">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Greek_sentiment" title="Anti-Greek sentiment">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antihaitianismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Antihaitianismo">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hazaras" title="Persecution of Hazaras">Hazara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hungarian_sentiment" title="Anti-Hungarian sentiment">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Igbo_sentiment" title="Anti-Igbo sentiment">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Indian_sentiment" title="Anti-Indian sentiment">Indian</a></li> <li>Indigenous people <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Irish_sentiment" title="Anti-Irish sentiment">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Italianism" title="Anti-Italianism">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Japanese_sentiment" title="Anti-Japanese sentiment">Japanese</a></li> <li>Jewish <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_antisemitism" title="New antisemitism">New</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Korean_sentiment" title="Anti-Korean sentiment">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Kurdish_sentiment" title="Anti-Kurdish sentiment">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Lithuanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Lithuanian sentiment">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Malay_sentiment" title="Anti-Malay sentiment">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-M%C4%81ori_sentiment" title="Anti-Māori sentiment">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mexican_sentiment" title="Anti-Mexican sentiment">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti%E2%80%93Middle_Eastern_sentiment" title="Anti–Middle Eastern sentiment">Middle Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mongolianism" title="Anti-Mongolianism">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Nigerian_sentiment" title="Anti-Nigerian sentiment">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Pakistan_sentiment" title="Anti-Pakistan sentiment">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Palestinianism" title="Anti-Palestinianism">Palestinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Pashtun_sentiment" title="Anti-Pashtun sentiment">Pashtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Polish_sentiment" title="Anti-Polish sentiment">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Quebec_sentiment" title="Anti-Quebec sentiment">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Romani_sentiment" title="Anti-Romani sentiment">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Romanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Romanian sentiment">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Scottish_sentiment" title="Anti-Scottish sentiment">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Serb_sentiment" title="Anti-Serb sentiment">Serb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Slavic_sentiment" title="Anti-Slavic sentiment">Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Somali_sentiment" title="Anti-Somali sentiment">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatarophobia" title="Tatarophobia">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Thai_sentiment" title="Anti-Thai sentiment">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Turkish_sentiment" title="Anti-Turkish sentiment">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Ukrainian_sentiment" title="Anti-Ukrainian sentiment">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Uyghur_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Uyghur sentiment">Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_incidents_of_xenophobia_during_the_Venezuelan_refugee_crisis" title="List of incidents of xenophobia during the Venezuelan refugee crisis">Venezuelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Vietnamese_sentiment" title="Anti-Vietnamese sentiment">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Welsh_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Welsh sentiment">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manifestations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.26em 0; line-height:1.5em; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-LGBTQ_rhetoric" title="Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric">Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_organizations_designated_by_the_Southern_Poverty_Law_Center_as_anti-LGBTQ_hate_groups" title="List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as anti-LGBTQ hate groups">SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020s_anti-LGBTQ_movement_in_the_United_States" title="2020s anti-LGBTQ movement in the United States">Anti-LGBTQ movemenet in the US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st-century_anti-trans_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom">Anti-trans movement in the UK</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_libel" title="Blood libel">Blood libel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullying" title="Bullying">Bullying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancel_culture" title="Cancel culture">Cancel culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_for_homosexuality" title="Capital punishment for homosexuality">Capital punishment for homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_sterilization" title="Compulsory sterilization">Compulsory sterilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_rape" title="Corrective rape">Corrective rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-jihad" title="Counter-jihad">Counter-jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_genocide" title="Cultural genocide">Cultural genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">Defamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democide" title="Democide">Democide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_hate_crime" title="Disability hate crime">Disability hate crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_whistle_(politics)" title="Dog whistle (politics)">Dog whistle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domicide" title="Domicide">Domicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_discrimination" title="Economic discrimination">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_in_education" title="Discrimination in education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment_discrimination" title="Employment discrimination">Employment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliminationism" title="Eliminationism">Eliminationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enemy_of_the_people" title="Enemy of the people">Enemy of the people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">Ethnic cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_conflict" title="Ethnic conflict">Ethnic conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_hatred" title="Ethnic hatred">Ethnic hatred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_joke" title="Ethnic joke">Ethnic joke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocide" title="Ethnocide">Ethnocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_of_excellence" title="Discrimination of excellence">Excellence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-based_dress_codes" title="Gender-based dress codes">Gender-based dress codes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosmetics_policy" title="Cosmetics policy">Cosmetics policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_heel_policy" title="High heel policy">High heel policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_conversion" title="Forced conversion">Forced conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freak_show" title="Freak show">Freak show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_bashing" title="Gay bashing">Gay bashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendercide" title="Gendercide">Gendercide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genital_modification_and_mutilation" title="Genital modification and mutilation">Genital modification and mutilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">Genocide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genocides_in_history" title="Genocides in history">examples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_ceiling" title="Glass ceiling">Glass ceiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_crime" title="Hate crime">Hate crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_LGBTQ_people" title="Violence against LGBTQ people">LGBTQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_group" title="Hate group">Hate group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_speech" title="Hate speech">Hate speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patient_dumping" title="Patient dumping">Homeless dumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_discrimination" title="Housing discrimination">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rolling" title="Indian rolling">Indian rolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kill_Haole_Day" title="Kill Haole Day">Kill Haole Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavender_scare" class="mw-redirect" title="Lavender scare">Lavender scare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_grooming_conspiracy_theory" title="LGBTQ grooming conspiracy theory">LGBTQ grooming conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_killed_for_being_transgender" title="List of people killed for being transgender">List of people killed for being transgender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching" title="Lynching">Lynching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortgage_discrimination" title="Mortgage discrimination">Mortgage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Murder_Music" title="Stop Murder Music">Murder music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_mascot_controversy" title="Native American mascot controversy">Native American mascots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_segregation" title="Occupational segregation">Occupational segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_immigration" title="Opposition to immigration">Opposition to immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_genocide" title="Paper genocide">Paper genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution" title="Persecution">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">Pogrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_repression" title="Political repression">Political repression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purge" title="Purge">Purge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racialization" title="Racialization">Racialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">Religious persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_terrorism" title="Religious terrorism">Religious terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence" title="Religious violence">Religious violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_war" title="Religious war">Religious war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scapegoating" title="Scapegoating">Scapegoating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segregation_academy" title="Segregation academy">Segregation academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">Sexual harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-selective_abortion" title="Sex-selective abortion">Sex-selective abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slut-shaming" title="Slut-shaming">Slut-shaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_transgender_people" title="Violence against transgender people">Trans bashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victimisation" title="Victimisation">Victimisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_women" title="Violence against women">Violence against women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_flight" title="White flight">White flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">White genocide conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wife_selling" title="Wife selling">Wife selling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_hunt" title="Witch hunt">Witch hunt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discriminatory<br />policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_candidacy" title="Age of candidacy">Age of candidacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limpieza_de_sangre" title="Limpieza de sangre">Blood purity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_quantum_laws" title="Blood quantum laws">Blood quantum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_of_apartheid" title="Crime of apartheid">Crime of apartheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability" title="Disability">Disabilities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disabilities_(Catholics)" title="Disabilities (Catholics)">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_disabilities" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish disabilities">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_pay_gap" title="Gender pay gap">Gender pay gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_role" title="Gender role">Gender roles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontocracy" title="Gerontocracy">Gerontocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrymandering" title="Gerrymandering">Gerrymandering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghetto_benches" title="Ghetto benches">Ghetto benches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internment" title="Internment">Internment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_quota" title="Jewish quota">Jewish quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_for_Protection_of_the_Nation" title="Law for Protection of the Nation">Law for Protection of the Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_donation_restrictions_on_men_who_have_sex_with_men" title="Blood donation restrictions on men who have sex with men">MSM blood donation restrictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_kid_zone" title="No kid zone">No kid zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerus_clausus" title="Numerus clausus"><i>Numerus clausus</i> (as religious or racial quota)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-drop_rule" title="One-drop rule">One-drop rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_quota" title="Racial quota">Racial quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">Racial segregation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg Laws</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_steering" title="Racial steering">Racial steering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redlining" title="Redlining">Redlining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_segregation" title="Geographical segregation">Segregation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_segregation" title="Age segregation">age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">racial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_segregation" title="Religious segregation">religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_segregation" title="Sex segregation">sexual</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social exclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodomy_law" title="Sodomy law">Sodomy law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_atheism" title="State atheism">State atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">State religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugly_law" title="Ugly law">Ugly law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voter_suppression" title="Voter suppression">Voter suppression</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Countermeasures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.26em 0; line-height:1.5em; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action" title="Affirmative action">Affirmative action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-discrimination_law" title="Anti-discrimination law">Anti-discrimination law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-racism" title="Anti-racism">Anti-racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_colorblindness" title="Constitutional colorblindness">Constitutional colorblindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_assimilation" title="Cultural assimilation">Cultural assimilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_pluralism" title="Cultural pluralism">Cultural pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity,_equity,_and_inclusion" title="Diversity, equity, and inclusion">Diversity, equity, and inclusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_training" title="Diversity training">Diversity training</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empowerment" title="Empowerment">Empowerment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fat_acceptance_movement" title="Fat acceptance movement">Fat acceptance movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighting_Discrimination" title="Fighting Discrimination">Fighting Discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_speech_laws_by_country" title="Hate speech laws by country">Hate speech laws by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_human_rights" title="Intersex human rights">Intersex human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights by country or territory">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_integration" title="Racial integration">Racial integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reappropriation" title="Reappropriation">Reappropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">Self-determination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_integration" title="Social integration">Social integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toleration" title="Toleration">Toleration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.26em 0; line-height:1.5em; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allophilia" title="Allophilia">Allophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amatonormativity" title="Amatonormativity">Amatonormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bias" title="Bias">Bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisnormativity" title="Cisnormativity">Cisnormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">Civil liberties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehumanization" title="Dehumanization">Dehumanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_(politics)" title="Diversity (politics)">Diversity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">Multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurodiversity" title="Neurodiversity">Neurodiversity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_penalty" title="Ethnic penalty">Ethnic penalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figleaf_(linguistics)" title="Figleaf (linguistics)">Figleaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-blind" title="Gender-blind">Gender-blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heteronormativity" title="Heteronormativity">Heteronormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_eugenics" title="History of eugenics">Historical eugenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internalized_oppression" title="Internalized oppression">Internalized oppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersectionality" title="Intersectionality">Intersectionality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masculism" title="Masculism">Masculism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_model_of_disability" title="Medical model of disability">Medical model of disability</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medical_model_of_autism" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical model of autism">autism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_bias" title="Net bias">Net bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oikophobia" title="Oikophobia">Oikophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oppression" title="Oppression">Oppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_brutality" title="Police brutality">Police brutality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_correctness" title="Political correctness">Political correctness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyculturalism" title="Polyculturalism">Polyculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_distance" title="Power distance">Power distance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prejudice" title="Prejudice">Prejudice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_abuse" title="Prisoner abuse">Prisoner abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_bias_in_criminal_news_in_the_United_States" title="Racial bias in criminal news in the United States">Racial bias in criminal news in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_by_country" title="Racism by country">Racism by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_color_blindness" title="Racial color blindness">Racial color blindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_intolerance" title="Religious intolerance">Religious intolerance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_discrimination" title="Reverse discrimination">Reverse discrimination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_racism" title="Reverse racism">Reverse racism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-generation_gender_bias" title="Second-generation gender bias">Second-generation gender bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snob" title="Snob">Snobbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social exclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_identity_threat" title="Social identity threat">Social identity threat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_model_of_disability" title="Social model of disability">Social model of disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_privilege" title="Social privilege">Social privilege</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_privilege" title="Christian privilege">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_privilege" title="Male privilege">male</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_privilege" title="White privilege">white</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma" title="Social stigma">Social stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Speciesism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereotype" title="Stereotype">Stereotype</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stereotype_threat" title="Stereotype threat">threat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_talk_(racism_in_the_United_States)" title="The talk (racism in the United States)">The talk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" 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class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1174715/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh88004109">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb125426515">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb125426515">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="bílý supremacismus"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph1084573&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech 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