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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Types_of_kosher_restaurants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_of_kosher_restaurants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Types of kosher restaurants</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types_of_kosher_restaurants-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types of kosher restaurants subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types_of_kosher_restaurants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dairy_(milchig)_restaurants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dairy_(milchig)_restaurants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Dairy (<i>milchig</i>) restaurants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dairy_(milchig)_restaurants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Meat_(fleishig)_restaurants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meat_(fleishig)_restaurants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Meat (<i>fleishig</i>) restaurants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meat_(fleishig)_restaurants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pareve_and_vegan_restaurants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pareve_and_vegan_restaurants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span><i>Pareve</i> and vegan restaurants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pareve_and_vegan_restaurants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Standalone_restaurants_and_franchises" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standalone_restaurants_and_franchises"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Standalone restaurants and franchises</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standalone_restaurants_and_franchises-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribution_of_restaurants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribution_of_restaurants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Distribution of restaurants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution_of_restaurants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rules_and_holidays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rules_and_holidays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Rules and holidays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rules_and_holidays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kosher_cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kosher_cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kosher cuisine</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kosher_cuisine-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Kosher cuisine subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kosher_cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dairy_(milchig)_dishes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dairy_(milchig)_dishes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Dairy (<i>milchig</i>) dishes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dairy_(milchig)_dishes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_kosher_businesses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_kosher_businesses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Other kosher businesses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_kosher_businesses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Controversies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Controversies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Errors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Errors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Errors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Errors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dropping_of_certification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dropping_of_certification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Dropping of certification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dropping_of_certification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governmental_enforcement_in_the_United_States_of_Kosher_laws" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governmental_enforcement_in_the_United_States_of_Kosher_laws"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Governmental enforcement in the United States of Kosher laws</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governmental_enforcement_in_the_United_States_of_Kosher_laws-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kosher restaurant</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumah_makan_Kosher" title="Rumah makan Kosher – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rumah makan Kosher" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warung_kosher" title="Warung kosher – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Warung kosher" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6433096#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6433096" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" 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.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Kosher_restaurant" title="Special:EditPage/Kosher restaurant">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Kosher+restaurant%22">"Kosher restaurant"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Kosher+restaurant%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Kosher+restaurant%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Kosher+restaurant%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Kosher+restaurant%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Kosher+restaurant%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Restaurant serving food permissible in Jewish dietary law</div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bloom%27s_restaurant_Edgware.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Bloom%27s_restaurant_Edgware.JPG/270px-Bloom%27s_restaurant_Edgware.JPG" decoding="async" width="270" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Bloom%27s_restaurant_Edgware.JPG/405px-Bloom%27s_restaurant_Edgware.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Bloom%27s_restaurant_Edgware.JPG/540px-Bloom%27s_restaurant_Edgware.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Until its last branch closed in summer 2010, <a href="/wiki/Bloom%27s_restaurant" title="Bloom's restaurant">Bloom's</a> restaurant was the longest-standing kosher restaurant in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>kosher restaurant</b> or <b>kosher <a href="/wiki/Jewish_deli" title="Jewish deli">deli</a></b> is an establishment that serves food that complies with Jewish dietary laws (<i><a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">kashrut</a></i>). These businesses, which also include <a href="/wiki/Diner" title="Diner">diners</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Café">cafés</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pizzeria" title="Pizzeria">pizzerias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fast_food_restaurant" class="mw-redirect" title="Fast food restaurant">fast food</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cafeteria" title="Cafeteria">cafeterias</a>, and are frequently in listings together with kosher <a href="/wiki/Bakery" title="Bakery">bakeries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Butcher" title="Butcher">butchers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catering" title="Catering">caterers</a>, and other similar places, differ from <a href="/wiki/Kosher_style" title="Kosher style">kosher-style</a> businesses in that they operate under <a href="/wiki/Hechsher" title="Hechsher">rabbinical supervision</a>, which requires the observance of the laws of <i>kashrut</i>, as well as certain other Jewish laws, including the <a href="/wiki/Milk_and_meat_in_Jewish_law" title="Milk and meat in Jewish law">separation of meat and dairy</a>. </p><p>Such locations must be closed during <a href="/wiki/Shabbat" title="Shabbat">Shabbat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jewish_holidays" title="Jewish holidays">Jewish holidays</a> if under Jewish ownership. In most cases, a kosher establishment is limited to serving exclusively either <a href="/wiki/Jewish_dairy_restaurant" title="Jewish dairy restaurant">dairy</a> (<i>milchig</i>) or meat (<i>fleishig</i>) foods. </p><p>Some types of businesses, such as <a href="/wiki/Delicatessen" title="Delicatessen">delicatessens</a>, frequently serve both, kept in separate areas. <a href="/wiki/Vegetarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetarian">Vegetarian</a> (<i>pareve</i>) kosher restaurants serve only vegetarian fare. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_kosher_restaurants">Types of kosher restaurants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosher_restaurant&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Types of kosher restaurants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dairy_(milchig)_restaurants"><span id="Dairy_.28milchig.29_restaurants"></span>Dairy (<i>milchig</i>) restaurants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosher_restaurant&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Dairy (milchig) restaurants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Jewish_dairy_restaurant" title="Jewish dairy restaurant">Jewish dairy restaurant</a></div> <p>Kosher dairy restaurants began to emerge in modern Europe and then 19th Century America, primarily in New York. Descended from the <i>milchhallen</i> or "milk pavilions" of Europe, they popped up in the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_New_York_City" title="History of the Jews in New York City">Jewish immigrant community</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Lower_East_Side" title="Lower East Side">Lower East Side</a> in the late 19th, where there were at once hundreds of dairy restaurants.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to rules about <a href="/wiki/Milk_and_meat_in_Jewish_law" title="Milk and meat in Jewish law">milk and meat in Jewish law</a>, kosher dairy restaurants do not serve meat. Their offerings may include dairy products, such as cheese and milk. <i>Milchig</i> restaurants may, and often do, serve fish, eggs, vegetarian and vegan dishes, and other foods classified as "<a href="/wiki/Pareve" title="Pareve">pareve</a>" under kosher rules. In the U.S., there have been many kosher pizza restaurants. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Meat_(fleishig)_restaurants"><span id="Meat_.28fleishig.29_restaurants"></span>Meat (<i>fleishig</i>) restaurants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosher_restaurant&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Meat (fleishig) restaurants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Jewish_deli" title="Jewish deli">Jewish deli</a></div> <p>Kosher <i>fleishig</i> (meat) establishments often serve meat dishes popular within <a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_cuisine" title="Middle Eastern cuisine">Middle Eastern cuisine</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Shawarma" title="Shawarma">shawarma</a>, along with common American fast-food staples like <a href="/wiki/Hot_dog" title="Hot dog">hot dogs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger">hamburgers</a>. Fish is also frequently served at <i>fleishig</i> restaurants, though Orthodox kosher rules stipulate that fish should not be served on the same plate as meat.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Kosher <a href="/wiki/American_Chinese_cuisine" title="American Chinese cuisine">Chinese</a> restaurants are also common. These are mostly either <i>fleishig</i> or <a href="/wiki/Vegetarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetarian">vegetarian</a> (serving only <i>pareve</i> food). </p><p>In recent years, a tradition has developed in <a href="/wiki/Jewish-American_patronage_of_Chinese_restaurants" title="Jewish-American patronage of Chinese restaurants">Jewish communities to eat Chinese food</a> on <a href="/wiki/Christmas_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas Day">Christmas Day</a> (and <a href="/wiki/Christmas_Eve" title="Christmas Eve">Christmas Eve</a>), as many Chinese restaurants are open on these days.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This phenomenon is the subject of the song "Chinese Food on Christmas."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pareve_and_vegan_restaurants"><i>Pareve</i> and vegan restaurants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosher_restaurant&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Pareve and vegan restaurants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 21st century, there has been an increase in vegan restaurants that, among other things, deliberately cater to the needs of Jews who keep kosher. In the New York area, in particular, there are a growing number of restaurants with a kashrut certification as <i>pareve</i>. This label means that they must not contain any meat or dairy (e.g., cheese) products, though it does allow for fish and eggs. </p><p>Some Orthodox Jewish authorities reportedly treat strictly vegan restaurants as kosher, absent a certificate.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2023, vegan restaurants gained a similar vote of approval by <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative Judaism</a>'s Committee on Jewish Law and Standards.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The committee ruled that the kashrut restriction on cooking by gentiles does not apply to restaurants and that Jews may follow kashrut while eating at an unsupervised vegan or vegetarian restaurant, as long as (1) they do not eat there on the Sabbath, (2) nor on Saturday nights, preferably, and (3) avoid weeks near Passover, and (4) exclude eating fish at unsupervised vegetarian restaurants. The ruling also specified that Jews are permitted to eat at Indian restaurants that have images or statues of Hindu deities.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Israel has a vibrant <a href="/wiki/Veganism" title="Veganism">veganism</a> movement, including Orthodox spokesman <a href="/wiki/Asa_Keisar" title="Asa Keisar">Asa Keisar,</a> with more than 500 vegan restaurants, which are seen as "naturally kosher" even without a certificate.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Standalone_restaurants_and_franchises">Standalone restaurants and franchises</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosher_restaurant&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Standalone restaurants and franchises"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_kosher_restaurants" title="List of kosher restaurants">List of kosher restaurants</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kosher_McDonald%27s,_Abasto_Shopping,_Buenos_Aires.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Kosher_McDonald%27s%2C_Abasto_Shopping%2C_Buenos_Aires.jpg/200px-Kosher_McDonald%27s%2C_Abasto_Shopping%2C_Buenos_Aires.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Kosher_McDonald%27s%2C_Abasto_Shopping%2C_Buenos_Aires.jpg/300px-Kosher_McDonald%27s%2C_Abasto_Shopping%2C_Buenos_Aires.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Kosher_McDonald%27s%2C_Abasto_Shopping%2C_Buenos_Aires.jpg/400px-Kosher_McDonald%27s%2C_Abasto_Shopping%2C_Buenos_Aires.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Kosher McDonald's in <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>While most kosher restaurants are small businesses operating only a single location, some operate multiple locations within a city (often in New York City).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Some corporate restaurants and fast food chains operate kosher locations in places with Jewish populations. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, kosher <a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald's">McDonald's</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sbarro" title="Sbarro">Sbarro</a> franchises can be found.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In the United States, there are many kosher <a href="/wiki/Dunkin%27_Donuts" title="Dunkin' Donuts">Dunkin' Donuts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krispy_Kreme" title="Krispy Kreme">Krispy Kreme</a><sup id="cite_ref-Donuts_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Donuts-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Subway_(restaurant)" title="Subway (restaurant)">Subway</a> locations. <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most <a href="/wiki/Kosher_Subway" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosher Subway">kosher Subways</a> had failed by 2011, and some of these locations must modify their typical menus in order to comply with Jewish dietary laws.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among other major corporate chains, <a href="/wiki/Baskin-Robbins" title="Baskin-Robbins">Baskin-Robbins</a> ice cream is kosher at all locations, certified by the Vaad Hakashrut of <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, with most flavors kosher. <a href="/wiki/Rita%27s_Italian_Ice" title="Rita's Italian Ice">Rita's Italian Ice</a> operates some locations under rabbinical supervision, in states such as <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution_of_restaurants">Distribution of restaurants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosher_restaurant&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Distribution of restaurants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Areas with large Jewish populations, such as <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-jpost-bar_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jpost-bar-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a><sup id="cite_ref-nj-crawl_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nj-crawl-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto, Ontario</a>, Canada, are described as having many kosher restaurants, while other areas such as <a href="/wiki/Dublin,_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Dublin, Ireland">Dublin, Ireland</a> may be lacking.<sup id="cite_ref-nj-dublin_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nj-dublin-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> has the highest number of kosher restaurants, and in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a> has the most.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> As of 2017, there were over 500 kosher restaurants in the New York area.<sup id="cite_ref-wsj-kosher-new_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj-kosher-new-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Locations such as <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> also have relatively small numbers of certified kosher restaurants.<sup id="cite_ref-philly-kosher_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-philly-kosher-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In cities with smaller Jewish populations, kosher dining is often limited to just a single establishment. Some cities do not have any kosher dine-in facilities, but small communities have other arrangements for Jewish residents to obtain ready-made kosher meals and other types of food that may be hard to obtain otherwise.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rules_and_holidays">Rules and holidays</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosher_restaurant&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Rules and holidays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A kosher restaurant serves food that complies with Jewish dietary laws (<i><a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">kashrut</a></i>). These businesses operate under <a href="/wiki/Hechsher" title="Hechsher">rabbinical supervision</a>, which requires that the laws of <i>kashrut</i>, as well as certain other Jewish laws, must be observed.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Among those laws, the meat and dairy cannot be mixed, and grape products made by non-Jews cannot be consumed. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pork" title="Pork">Pork</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shellfish" title="Shellfish">shellfish</a> cannot be served, and animals must be slaughtered by a certified <i><a href="/wiki/Shochet" class="mw-redirect" title="Shochet">shochet</a></i>, frequently a <a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">rabbi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nj-crawl_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nj-crawl-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In most cases, the location is limited to serving exclusively either dairy or meat foods. But some types of establishments, such as <a href="/wiki/Delicatessen" title="Delicatessen">delicatessens</a>, frequently serve both, kept in separate areas.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Such locations must be closed during <a href="/wiki/Jewish_holidays" title="Jewish holidays">Jewish holidays</a> if under Jewish ownership.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> For example, kosher restaurants are closed from Friday evening to Saturday evening for <a href="/wiki/Shabbat" title="Shabbat">Shabbat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-miamiherald-baker_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-miamiherald-baker-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bonappetit-bakery_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bonappetit-bakery-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the New York area, many kosher restaurants close over the eight days of <a href="/wiki/Passover" title="Passover">Passover</a> as "a matter of practicality," as staying open requires that no <a href="/wiki/Chametz" title="Chametz">yeast-related</a> products be used. The restaurants must also be thoroughly cleaned of yeast residue to be opened for Passover. </p><p>According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Journal">Wall Street Journal</a>,</i> more New York kosher restaurants in recent years have remained open on Passover, including both casual and fine-dining locations.<sup id="cite_ref-wsj-kosher-new_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj-kosher-new-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kosher_cuisine">Kosher cuisine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosher_restaurant&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Kosher cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Glatt_a_la_Carte_5123_18th_Av_jeh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Glatt_a_la_Carte_5123_18th_Av_jeh.jpg/220px-Glatt_a_la_Carte_5123_18th_Av_jeh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Glatt_a_la_Carte_5123_18th_Av_jeh.jpg/330px-Glatt_a_la_Carte_5123_18th_Av_jeh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Glatt_a_la_Carte_5123_18th_Av_jeh.jpg/440px-Glatt_a_la_Carte_5123_18th_Av_jeh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2998" data-file-height="1999" /></a><figcaption>A kosher restaurant in <a href="/wiki/Borough_Park,_Brooklyn" title="Borough Park, Brooklyn">Borough Park, Brooklyn</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Because many foods (excluding among others <a href="/wiki/Pork" title="Pork">pork</a> or <a href="/wiki/Shellfish" title="Shellfish">shellfish</a>) can be <a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">kosher</a> as long as food is prepared heeding Jewish laws, there are "kosher <a href="/wiki/Steakhouses" class="mw-redirect" title="Steakhouses">steakhouses</a>, kosher <a href="/wiki/Pizzeria" title="Pizzeria">pizzerias</a>, kosher fish joints, kosher <a href="/wiki/Indian_restaurant" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian restaurant">Indian restaurants</a>, kosher <a href="/wiki/Thai_cuisine" title="Thai cuisine">Thai places</a>," and other sorts.<sup id="cite_ref-nj-crawl_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nj-crawl-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unlike in the general population, where many <a href="/wiki/Restaurant" title="Restaurant">restaurants</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fast_food" title="Fast food">fast food</a> businesses specialize in a particular type of food, many kosher establishments have a variety of different types of popular food. Many kosher <a href="/wiki/Delicatessen" title="Delicatessen">delicatessens</a> exist that serve both <i>milchig</i> (dairy) and <i>fleishig</i> (meat) foods that are kept separate.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dairy_(milchig)_dishes"><span id="Dairy_.28milchig.29_dishes"></span>Dairy (<i>milchig</i>) dishes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosher_restaurant&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Dairy (milchig) dishes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Jewish_dairy_restaurant" title="Jewish dairy restaurant">Jewish dairy restaurant</a></div> <p>Dairy items include sliced cheeses and cream cheese. Many <i><a href="/wiki/Pareve" title="Pareve">pareve</a></i> items and fish items are also served, such as smoked <a href="/wiki/Whitefish_salad" title="Whitefish salad">whitefish salad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Herring" title="Herring">herring</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pizza" title="Pizza">Pizza</a> is a popular food served at kosher restaurants, but kosher pizza shops typically also serve <a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_cuisine" title="Middle Eastern cuisine">Middle Eastern cuisine</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel">falafel</a>, and other foods that can be served with dairy, such as fish and pasta. Some locations also have the menus common at pizza shops. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bagel" title="Bagel">Bagel</a> shops are also common, serving <a href="/wiki/Bagel_and_cream_cheese" title="Bagel and cream cheese">bagels and cream cheese</a> with <a href="/wiki/Lox" title="Lox">lox</a> and a variety of other spreads. At kosher bagel shops, salads may also be served.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_kosher_businesses">Other kosher businesses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosher_restaurant&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Other kosher businesses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many cities with Jewish communities also have <a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">kosher</a> <a href="/wiki/Grocery_store" title="Grocery store">grocery stores</a>. These can range in size from a <a href="/wiki/Convenience_store" title="Convenience store">corner store</a>, similar in style to a <a href="/wiki/Delicatessen" title="Delicatessen">delicatessen</a>, or a full-sized <a href="/wiki/Supermarket" title="Supermarket">supermarket</a> similar in appearance to a <a href="/wiki/Big_box_store" class="mw-redirect" title="Big box store">big box store</a>. As of 2010, the largest such store in the United States is <a href="/wiki/Seven_Mile_Market" title="Seven Mile Market">Seven Mile Market</a> in the Baltimore suburb of Pikesville.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Corporate supermarket chains also sometimes have "kosher" sections inside their locations in Jewish areas that specialize in food that is popular among religiously <a href="/wiki/Shomer_Shabbat" title="Shomer Shabbat">observant Jews</a>. </p><p>Kosher <a href="/wiki/Cafeteria" title="Cafeteria">cafeterias</a> and <a href="/wiki/Food_booth" title="Food booth">food stands</a> can sometimes be found at college and university campuses, <a href="/wiki/Jewish_community_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish community center">Jewish community centers</a>, hospitals, professional sports stadiums, and some tourist attractions. In some of these locations where special stands do not exist, prepackaged kosher sandwiches and other meals are offered, or can be pre-ordered. Some airlines also offer kosher meals when ordered in advance. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosher_restaurant&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With <i>kashrut</i> being a very sensitive issue, there have been many controversies surrounding the kosher-dining industry. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Errors">Errors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosher_restaurant&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Errors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1990, a planned kosher fundraising meal aboard a ship on the Baltimore <a href="/wiki/Inner_Harbor" title="Inner Harbor">Inner Harbor</a> contained non-kosher food due to lack of business planning.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mix-up was caused by a kosher and a non-kosher caterer under the same ownership. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dropping_of_certification">Dropping of certification</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosher_restaurant&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Dropping of certification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Occasionally, an establishment operating as kosher will make the choice to drop its certification and become non-kosher. </p><p>One such instance was a <a href="/wiki/Dunkin%27_Donuts" title="Dunkin' Donuts">Dunkin</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rockville,_Maryland" title="Rockville, Maryland">Rockville, Maryland</a> (a suburb of Washington, D.C.), which made the decision to be non-kosher in 2007 in order to offer menu items sold at non-kosher Dunkin' Donuts locations (such as <a href="/wiki/Ham" title="Ham">ham</a>). This led to a protest.<sup id="cite_ref-Donuts_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Donuts-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dunkin' Donuts still has several other kosher locations in the Greater Washington and Baltimore area. </p><p>In 2024, the kosher cafe was decertified in Australia, prompting an accusation of <a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Jewish_communities" title="Racism in Jewish communities">racism</a> by the owner, an <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Ethiopia" title="History of the Jews in Ethiopia">Ethiopian Jew</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Governmental_enforcement_in_the_United_States_of_Kosher_laws">Governmental enforcement in the United States of Kosher laws</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosher_restaurant&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Governmental enforcement in the United States of Kosher laws"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Civil_laws_regarding_Kashrut" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil laws regarding Kashrut">Civil laws regarding Kashrut</a></div> <p>In some U.S. states and other jurisdictions, laws have been passed that mandate establishments that claim to be <a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">kosher</a> to actually comply with Jewish dietary laws. These jurisdictions sometimes employ <a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">rabbis</a> to aid in enforcing these laws. Some of these laws, including one in New York State, have been overturned by courts on constitutional grounds.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The more recent trend for these laws is simply to allow the establishment to disclose its own <i>kashrut</i> standards, with the governmental authority then scrutinizing whether the establishment in fact lives by the <i>kashrut</i> standards it discloses. This approach appears to overcome the <a href="/wiki/Establishment_Clause" title="Establishment Clause">Establishment Clause</a> issue successfully. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosher_restaurant&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/32px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/48px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/64px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/28px-Industry5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/42px-Industry5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/56px-Industry5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Companies" title="Portal:Companies">Companies portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/24px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/36px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/48px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Judaism" title="Portal:Judaism">Judaism portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appetizing_store" title="Appetizing store">Appetizing store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_style" title="Kosher style">Kosher style</a> - restaurants that mimic some aspects of kosher laws, but are not actually kosher.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_airline_meal" title="Kosher airline meal">Kosher airline meal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kosher_restaurants" title="List of kosher restaurants">List of kosher restaurants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine_in_Jewish_culture_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese cuisine in Jewish culture in the United States">Chinese cuisine in Jewish culture in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1902_Kosher_Meat_Boycott" class="mw-redirect" title="1902 Kosher Meat Boycott">1902 Kosher Meat Boycott</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosher_restaurant&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKatchor2020" class="citation web cs1">Katchor, Ben (2020-03-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lithub.com/how-jewish-dairy-lunchrooms-became-alternatives-to-saloons-in-prohibition-era-nyc/">"How Dairy Lunchrooms Became Alternatives to the NYC Saloon 'Free Lunch.'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Literary Hub</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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title="Mashgiach">Mashgiach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitul" title="Bitul">Bitul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kil%27ayim_(prohibition)" title="Kil'ayim (prohibition)">Kil'ayim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_by_ingredient" title="Kosher by ingredient">Kosher by ingredient</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #eeeeee">Kosher meat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_animals" title="Kosher animals">Kosher animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shechita" title="Shechita">Shechita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taboo_food_and_drink#Living_animals" class="mw-redirect" title="Taboo food and drink">limb of a live animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreleg,_cheeks_and_maw#"Kosher"_status" title="Foreleg, cheeks and maw">Foreleg, cheeks and maw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_against_slaughtering_an_animal_and_its_offspring_on_the_same_day" title="Prohibition against slaughtering an animal and its offspring on the same day">Prohibition against slaughtering an animal and its offspring on the same day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelev" title="Chelev">Chelev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikkur" title="Nikkur">Nikkur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gid_hanasheh" title="Gid hanasheh">Gid hanasheh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terefah" title="Terefah">Terefah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_pekuah" title="Ben pekuah">Ben pekuah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/Kosher_foods" title="Kosher foods">Kosher foods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishul_Yisrael" title="Bishul Yisrael">Bishul Yisrael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalav_Yisrael" title="Chalav Yisrael">Chalav Yisrael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pas_Yisroel" title="Pas Yisroel">Pas Yisroel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadash" title="Chadash">Chadash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlah" title="Orlah">Orlah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_locust" title="Kosher locust">Kosher locust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_halal_and_kosher_fish" title="List of halal and kosher fish">Kosher fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_wine" title="Kosher wine">Kosher wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/Kosher_certification_agency" title="Kosher certification agency">Kosher certification agencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badatz" title="Badatz">Badatz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Rabbinical_Congress" title="Central Rabbinical Congress">Central Rabbinical Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Rabbinical_Council" title="Chicago Rabbinical Council">Chicago Rabbinical Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EarthKosher_Kosher_Certification" class="mw-redirect" title="EarthKosher Kosher Certification">EarthKosher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edah_HaChareidis" title="Edah HaChareidis">Edah HaChareidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_Check" title="Kosher Check">Kosher Check</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal-K" title="Seal-K">Seal-K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashruth_Council_of_Canada" title="Kashruth Council of Canada">Kashruth Council of Canada (COR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_Supervision_of_America" title="Kosher Supervision of America">Kosher Supervision of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Beth_Din" title="London Beth Din">London Beth Din</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Kosher" title="Montreal Kosher">Montreal Kosher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OK_Kosher_Certification" title="OK Kosher Certification">OK Kosher Certification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Union_Kosher" title="Orthodox Union Kosher">Orthodox Union Kosher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbinical_Council_of_California" title="Rabbinical Council of California">Rabbinical Council of California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star-K" title="Star-K">Star-K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tablet-K" title="Tablet-K">Tablet-K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tav_HaYosher" title="Tav HaYosher">Tav HaYosher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangle_K" title="Triangle K">Triangle K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Orthodox_Synagogues" title="Union of Orthodox Synagogues">Union of Orthodox Synagogues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_Australia" title="Kosher Australia">Kosher Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #eeeeee">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_laws_regarding_kashrut" title="Civil laws regarding kashrut">Civil laws regarding kashrut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_kashrut" title="Criticism of kashrut">Criticism of kashrut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_airline_meal" title="Kosher airline meal">Kosher airline meal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kosher restaurant</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_kosher_restaurants" title="List of kosher restaurants">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_style" title="Kosher style">Kosher style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_tourism" title="Kosher tourism">Kosher tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magen_Tzedek" title="Magen Tzedek">Magen Tzedek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6433096#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6433096#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6433096#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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