CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135017acca6ce3d',cH: 'x5eLtyncCPgkEqI7oJIAa41Qm6px3ruFj6DeCX5l4LU-1739787217-1.2.1.1-vLsqoK7xb9XBPkzIxZVCSk3biht6kTsziEAsc8RlPrcfGCAtxoTUdKemQ9LnuIIU',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=metallic%20%20nanosphere&__cf_chl_tk=GYOzkJ8zwkYGZ7vLXlRC_QgbkrVpfVYfNWQZhe92omk-1739787217-1.0.1.1-ovjxhSib0eo4lUyNLiaaJr2aq2elj6d2rKuOqoG45Eo",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739787217',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=metallic%20%20nanosphere&__cf_chl_f_tk=GYOzkJ8zwkYGZ7vLXlRC_QgbkrVpfVYfNWQZhe92omk-1739787217-1.0.1.1-ovjxhSib0eo4lUyNLiaaJr2aq2elj6d2rKuOqoG45Eo",md: "R6KUxNVConkPrKPA2k3e7w_U476qD9.Ajm_wosBt930-1739787217-1.2.1.1-LYbHyv_U3Hfye9Zebi_Nbc2C6Z7guRWqNeoKLIiIiLuOkATCcqhQpqNIWyQnTuw7rgd3j21ZHDutyBeLTLEZLfoSVZ8di3VfcJTfxvSNlchiBR39CdPix4yfzMnDO7ryonGpcUwed1lLlQAxykDDwsuREOUSlcIAGYAjo1bYsNZHpbCV8V19zzUsFCstNXlhocX8rXrhgE68DPpFBiIS5GuW7xgiTEUVPEmI0WcHbYwFGqwa79hwJVAY8EylTFQSpQTCMbl8ZBcyDAo4y2WNzi7OQHzgotjcVRvGdxFsghN8.7ngrV82FMcdAwzTMYytHeHAs8dhLN6CqW_ccYtgA_MAhbwIaKbSMDHUgQXLK6i_wzsSntU_QaM2um4fYSG8XzFD9xzLoPa0t8lL.10RMAnYJMLchqzSWZvGVCZ2v3pvnFa2xCNqK3WR615Tq2HoWmJLGVZMc1kZ5zljvyrDfR8SuYaYM5toc0u4S8UODF_Zc.FhXw6P94To0TuSKUMa3tQpsfatolKyKRdbKEovoejYP0m3qku_W11KoKZ.4ipJGCmEHZ0rbJ9ixIKTqfcxkZg7wVHtfc_m_rho9A_z.D_mKHs.9T1krmh4Fx9M7FRSXvDKJ1zGK1CSWesW_Fy9bAebQ12BnXqZ6DWAoWrwxRizU_GR.S8vULkfXFaSWkPvVxMG1y3u1MQQ_HRMF2ERsxboX08tQvw_gNoysdLK2WNY5xsPRuX0npkLA8t0M.zC.bz9VlMKaCDqhyWmBMR6ftA6qv8csy1pAdVCi0z44lgxQ2cKC_z8n4hZhA9tbwE3Yocn9nM2t1G.5IpESnzxW01CQWi9YEIGX6KOg_.ZG_HJvC20csnxpbBcGFca98XCHFeJf4cAfv7zvF3NAAH1HnNImSh5rrG1xBddmcUMMVftVTM6XcMd_lmxJ_z46ganICX.WJLqgmDV3os4M02AmtzjU72VxW4Jonu5mqAG5aWqpH1ozpnIi1gJDaUKlpxTQbUVsB32O3zdOhsNRFV2T1ygYu06WIbxXYF7AsbABtWlnL8E7AL.s15oFYYzoNOPKc2BQ3aJBQmxux4k07NOB8D_1qF1yMzGN7F2HtYDMWXogCrIvZrmE_.JNNDD0DxejPKrFNtRgIKUQ.xxf3NiDL3ZbWZpTp0ESE9emZnl05FSP_9xyjm0oBTruTka33aCpGAlUjKEcibGU7s9DDz8AOPVL14jccx7WW6bdCaGCrMhdHFem8pU_f2Knn5tsw.RP70HBjgNFR_O0wQGrG9Y8RQxh6hyEUOD60oWdSuSxLZCcaP8aOAvVWEvWpB7fNDzBT5.vXBmncFqnBxUXo9sgIT9_6WvYGJxCGhVVPBC6fHeXKUsUfJblXvstj05gccKDhSBjiIxKJLP4XoXLAM91HLPc8aBxvHyr.4PAtKVPS_SJhxsgBK07GQvJYCU8_dIvH34ohJOepqt8vWVOZ9vxmry1K0gCQ1TtSKhgI2CUPFmfbVKFUp1Mi2HIDbEzklPDXu4oZGyr91.y_d6vpHMYh1Nq9iM9CsRnYA3Z9O0eHFGi6JVD0LFC8U6ms1hUsyZHeN81NQKipjRNNWCWQDUWb0cSleGZq93_kI2HhG6H7OcXs1dTO6TgMG_UC8wDitsQJ3aPlAeWo1iJ9eDElgdT_FHJP.8SBCslgDR19CicNblWkBHtIxLu55cEa0gMTeVzXPkro1EePdXoNxvCDNENGrILT1QZ9btpj4.2uLw56qaMXes2lRw7R6_08yiGJVH6Tj0T3SBbXlQ5t4uTND318ToJmbkNSKrUHMxVlnEuXzMALmYj.srQ1iy9t.7oBIoh4_g2RKRK0o9w25jLXsBhbEE5P3ow32eyQcEaNnt2rdn31HOa8FodKidwG6vOboOkawoTYV5Aqvwy1epfalf2QpTBE5nUzP0UEtTySSfX89TcueLgSPMbzyPddqIDzOtsTlCbRHucptkDrzkDmQn",mdrd: "HO4EKFCv5rNZmW74.ci7m0RisXH53M8E88fnr.Nq6so-1739787217-1.2.1.1-gfECvJ7G84tAyS24WY7siFFnibMViEa9ViBvtOV8mulExmJOPfbOairCoYB2I8gJUMxoftr.kBckIrV5TaCmyxOFN9YpDE41kX4ZET0BqKGS42g4iROJo9hmrqURTLzW8Ixb2JsFR1Uf4rxP77bYaDIoww2EAk90AQI109lVmOgkghTXBKo7EqrtlUjubzoypyUCuYNEeyFcERPLosuWI_JicAtN6wcsydDnroN4sVLSggdjxK1Cn7sndUy.isMuMVPxAaQcx_gHmkwiX0rPpMtcaIvA.5kmz.wKUTa3YQFnYackIzDOR.zVGkdBAuOHPYcNE.anc5CSe6Zp.FCGsNlhHukjyYMM1hHf1ya_HP3hvde1TdmVxqJOfVZEXtQeC0tMtkX9FzoLyXEgBT4AKE_Vzp0jgPyzz703nvTpgonMQfS54MErEFlqw.eOrvF7RYMqBjhgngT4m.Q_pj2tYt5HJXUnv7tEKnUEyVBzZJEeKeW4tUrUa_Dq3c7iL1fR3HEF7v2t6T_n11tBqQaRNjm9ouADvu4eZz.NjEZ0ikd7he323oW9Z0D5dgCLp_4SDNiglmIAAs3XfMC7W0ZkDon6Y2vYZDMj.dcM2ZMw.9VM3gmEvrGCKXjA_kKOuJHdNUeJXqVo2SfxOkqHGTRZt44_2JOW0DNfY76lTuc4bO2RhJ7d5aBRutgoG4ctRmQCNuyfs42cyPWZvmtMQcgFsKlc9a04DehhL459NRqYhk396rm6Fee8bUjxoPteZktb_VmPdzNwGy1mDn4b3zHaAsH6wnDVdwr8B9dzZfTCTN7ikTQjzXkfP1M8UfnA.Lmm.mjNc.7Z14Lqqn8JemF31llqN8p63YcJrsHr0zUkYYyADgALvTBp35eBKVhgdm48RYsMUWgQoTEh7xLdmHK0oRBEe4TemDar2vmap1JKzBBbytZa6q2R6FOtWh3tHxz2BKWV0Q12d_szqzww.vQOsO5D4Qqq9yacV4mZCzxU6_m6GEpLZ9Mb8OsKI4kYR.NRAWs1voT48wqHwpjCF.2.zdqTpXfAeGttuwE4wJNWW31ePIgpSz_GCllJseOpB4z2M7DtUx1mVs1AqH18SJhU5Fhmy7qqGBi.V1DN6IEwp6_oi3E2aLGlEyn5e0aNwxcFd6_yzVbUuCNY85jyQXIi88S6fjcq9hSTqFPhs9HXNgV.tZYmVdnBem5Q4L0A28XJS3Pj4nBiLx_hjn2KrBPRWl_RnNVYZiYME1upVqJNJtV6iWrs07WfkE0G4pUOy7pL_UZ4Kof53_kL2TS9za2GGNRfQPMH4qIPrubeGHrRWipjHRDnNloLnOaq9X3Ptj7_pf1.wBmQ1f94vFC5ae7AyZzAitdjoOEl1ClhZ.yGYvTuS.NJcT6.UiIVBjH5Y0w0tLfyZyhn8eGgGq6UjxrhrZTu8D_eqEiTQj2hKefgh7uo0LIo2b2Sb3A.Nbao97TZf1_EqZR1cj4n9v_oE_FXhj64d.q9A886ES5AnsuJFm17vgyVShRmMxkdV_IYSV0oZu58m9qtUPDeFhpOKhlqkaI9c4polwTM_OTh8hcZsJw6xFJ3B7GAphkzfnz1Ji0a6LMlvtpoDPZG1wZIiaVDkAaVwOoaqNzRaCTjDGrWv8hrb.B55.yXPgiHn3We7nPLA9olAhnflDwJl4tn1MZJ1L9rzz08ej3anYKoBnp74cqqx_veaGzBlb2IxXp.UxD8q6lbClTfA6G5ZKTLGymeaMMCs7hJEd8hHH9QCQX9Hl0jMM919pQaztov81aDnOmQT_cpIhZOWC4huOB5OAgBZSg4kM5xR8eA_ba_f.y0XI1MNxhsFjdEN_3ul2mmB_7oQJYindErww9lx9shSqqx0pu_ELE051m59SneEQnkiAlP70o46eQU69hZnHZFjeUvVr5CpLDcY7G6lUcwJfyVfndmvtxW4Ru4ImjWzCmrU4O9qI9_k2p_jfu.ulyiHIlTvDUb0u4Zj1IwU2CILhe7sw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135017acca6ce3d';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=metallic%20%20nanosphere&__cf_chl_rt_tk=GYOzkJ8zwkYGZ7vLXlRC_QgbkrVpfVYfNWQZhe92omk-1739787217-1.0.1.1-ovjxhSib0eo4lUyNLiaaJr2aq2elj6d2rKuOqoG45Eo" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>