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</nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb" class=""><span>Doner</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Sump" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk" class=""><span>Opprett konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item 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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personlig</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Brukermeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb"><span>Doner</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Sump" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Opprett konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Sump" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logg inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettsted"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innhold" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Innholdsfortegnelse" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sump</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 73 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-73" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">73 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sump" title="Sump – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sump" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sump" title="Sump – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sump" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moerasse_en_vleie" title="Moerasse en vleie – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Moerasse en vleie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1" title="هور – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هور" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C3%BAl" title="Paúl – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Paúl" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banz%C3%A1u" title="Banzáu – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Banzáu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yapo" title="Yapo – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Yapo" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juqhu" title="Juqhu – aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Juqhu" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataql%C4%B1q" title="Bataqlıq – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bataqlıq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paya" title="Paya – banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Paya" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Балота – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Балота" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Балота – belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Балота" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Блато – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Блато" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moos" title="Moos – bairisk" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Moos" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bairisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%C4%8Dvara" title="Močvara – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Močvara" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiguamoll" title="Aiguamoll – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aiguamoll" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumpf" title="Sumpf – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sumpf" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padur" title="Padur – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Padur" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%88%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Έλος – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Έλος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pad%C3%B3ll" title="Padóll – emiliano-romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Padóll" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="emiliano-romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsh" title="Marsh – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Marsh" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Чеядавкс – erzia" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Чеядавкс" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci%C3%A9naga_(humedal)" title="Ciénaga (humedal) – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ciénaga (humedal)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C4%89o" title="Marĉo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Marĉo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padura" title="Padura – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Padura" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="مرداب – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مرداب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marais" title="Marais – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Marais" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sompe" title="Sompe – vestfrisisk" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sompe" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vestfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corcach" title="Corcach – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Corcach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boglach" title="Boglach – skotsk-gælisk" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Boglach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotsk-gælisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%86%8C%ED%83%9D" title="소택 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="소택" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9B%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF" title="कच्छभूमि – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कच्छभूमि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%C4%8Dvara" title="Močvara – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Močvara" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paya" title="Paya – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Paya" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elos" title="Elos – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Elos" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palude" title="Palude – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Palude" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%AA_%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%91" title="ביצת עשב – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ביצת עשב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paya" title="Paya – javanesisk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Paya" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8C%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%81_%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B2" title="ಜೌಗು ನೆಲ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜೌಗು ನೆಲ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="მარშები – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მარშები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BF%D0%B0%D2%9B" title="Батпақ – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Батпақ" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87irav" title="Çirav – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Çirav" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Саз – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Саз" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquatica" title="Aquatica – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aquatica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purv%C4%81js" title="Purvājs – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Purvājs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%B3mp" title="Zómp – limburgsk" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Zómp" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mocs%C3%A1r" title="Mocsár – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mocsár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heniheny" title="Heniheny – gassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Heniheny" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="gassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rawang" title="Rawang – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rawang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moeras" title="Moeras – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Moeras" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zomp" title="Zomp – nedersaksisk" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Zomp" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="nedersaksisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%BC" title="沼 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="沼" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathais" title="Mathais – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Mathais" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palun" title="Palun – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Palun" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagno" title="Bagno – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bagno" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul" title="Paul – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Paul" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мочар – rusinsk" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Мочар" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Болото – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Болото" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94" title="වගුරු – singalesisk" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="වගුරු" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsh" title="Marsh – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Marsh" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%C4%8Diar" title="Močiar – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Močiar" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%C4%8Dvirje" title="Močvirje – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Močvirje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Мочвара – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мочвара" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%C4%8Dvara" title="Močvara – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Močvara" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="சதுப்புநிலம் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சதுப்புநிலம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B0" title="ที่ลุ่มชื้นแฉะ – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ที่ลุ่มชื้นแฉะ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%BE%D2%9B" title="Ботлоқ – tadsjikisk" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ботлоқ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batakl%C4%B1k" title="Bataklık – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bataklık" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Болото – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Болото" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C5%82%C3%B9" title="Pałù – venetiansk" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Pałù" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetiansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A7m_l%E1%BA%A7y_c%E1%BB%8F" title="Đầm lầy cỏ – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đầm lầy cỏ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8D%89%E6%B2%BC" title="草沼 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="草沼" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8D%89%E6%B2%BC" title="草沼 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="草沼" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q30198#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sump" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskusjon:Sump&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskusjon om innholdssiden (ikke skrevet ennå) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Bytt språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">norsk bokmål</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sump"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sump&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sump&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sump&action=history" title="Tidligere sideversjoner av denne siden [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktøy" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktøy</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere alternativer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlinger </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sump"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sump&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sump&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sump&action=history"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generelt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Lenker_hit/Sump" title="Liste over alle wikisider som lenker hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lenker hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Relaterte_endringer/Sump" rel="nofollow" title="Siste endringer i sider som blir lenket fra denne siden [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterte endringer</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=no" title="Last opp filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Last opp fil</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sump&oldid=23848244" title="Permanent lenke til denne versjonen av siden"><span>Permanent lenke</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sump&action=info" title="Mer informasjon om denne siden"><span>Sideinformasjon</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siteringshjelp&page=Sump&id=23848244&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasjon om hvordan denne siden kan siteres"><span>Siter denne siden</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSump"><span>Hent forkortet URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSump"><span>Last ned QR-kode</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut / eksporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Sump&action=show-download-screen"><span>Last ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sump&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsvennlig versjon av denne siden [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsvennlig versjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andre prosjekter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Marsh" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q30198" title="Lenke til koblet dataregisterelement [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-element</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><dl><dd><i>Se også: <a href="/wiki/Pumpesump" title="Pumpesump">Pumpesump</a></i></dd></dl> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Typhlat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Typhlat.jpg/300px-Typhlat.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Typhlat.jpg/450px-Typhlat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Typhlat.jpg/600px-Typhlat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1553" data-file-height="1082" /></a><figcaption>Sump i <a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland">Tyskland</a>, med blant annet bred dunkjevle, <a href="/wiki/Tj%C3%B8nnaks" class="mw-redirect" title="Tjønnaks">tjønnaks</a> og en <a href="/wiki/Sivfamilien" title="Sivfamilien">sivart</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Meadowlands_Lyndhurst.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Meadowlands_Lyndhurst.jpg/300px-Meadowlands_Lyndhurst.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Meadowlands_Lyndhurst.jpg/450px-Meadowlands_Lyndhurst.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Meadowlands_Lyndhurst.jpg/600px-Meadowlands_Lyndhurst.jpg 2x" data-file-width="788" data-file-height="526" /></a><figcaption>Sumpområder er ofte notert innenfor <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A5tmark" title="Våtmark">våtmark</a>, som sett her i New Jersey Meadowlands ved Lyndhurst i den amerikanske delstaten <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:USGS_image_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/USGS_image_cropped.jpg/330px-USGS_image_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/USGS_image_cropped.jpg/500px-USGS_image_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/USGS_image_cropped.jpg/960px-USGS_image_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1073" data-file-height="759" /></a><figcaption>Sump på grunt vann ved en innsjø</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Sump</b> (fra <a href="/wiki/Middelnedertysk" title="Middelnedertysk">middelnedertysk</a> <i>sump</i>; jf. tysk <i>Sumpf</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-naob_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-naob-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> er et område hvor <a href="/wiki/Grunnvann" title="Grunnvann">grunnvannet</a> når opp til jordoverflaten uten at området av den grunn kan betegnes som en <a href="/wiki/Innsj%C3%B8" title="Innsjø">innsjø</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-naob_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-naob-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det er et ord som på <a href="/wiki/Norsk" title="Norsk">norsk</a> brukes litt upresist om ulike typer <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A5tmark" title="Våtmark">våtmark</a> der vannspeilet står i høyde med, eller et stykke over jord- eller markoverflaten. Sumper skiller seg fra <a href="/wiki/Myr" title="Myr">myrer</a> ved at <a href="/wiki/Torvmoser" title="Torvmoser">torvmose</a> ikke forekommer. Ordet brukes kun om områder med tett <a href="/wiki/Vegetasjon" title="Vegetasjon">vegetasjon</a>, mens mer åpne områder kalles <a href="/wiki/Mudderflate" title="Mudderflate">mudderflater</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Strand" title="Strand">strender</a>. Vegetasjonen kalles «siv», selv om både <a href="/wiki/Gras" class="mw-redirect" title="Gras">gras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siv_(planter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siv (planter)">siv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Starr" class="mw-redirect" title="Starr">starr</a> og andre <a href="/wiki/Urter" class="mw-redirect" title="Urter">urter</a> er viktige framfor treaktige plantearter.<sup id="cite_ref-Keddy_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keddy-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-miljolare_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-miljolare-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sumper med <a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A6r" class="mw-redirect" title="Trær">trær</a> er omtalt i artikkelen <a href="/wiki/Sumpskogsmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Sumpskogsmark">sumpskogsmark</a>. Vannet i sumpen kan være både <a href="/wiki/Ferskvann" title="Ferskvann">ferskvann</a> og <a href="/wiki/Salinitet" title="Salinitet">saltvann</a>. Generelt kan ordet brukes om ethvert lavtliggende og sesongmessig vannfylt terreng. I Europa og i jordbrukslitteraturen omtales lavtliggende enger som krever drenering og landskapstyper som er gjenvunnet ved menneskelig innsats (<a href="/wiki/Polder" title="Polder">polder</a>) også som myrer eller myrområder. </p><p>Denne naturtypen er ofte et trinn i en <a href="/wiki/%C3%98kologisk_suksesjon" class="mw-redirect" title="Økologisk suksesjon">suksesjon</a> der en <a href="/wiki/Innsj%C3%B8" title="Innsjø">innsjø</a> gror igjen. Etter hvert som død vegetasjon samles opp, stiger markoverflaten, og kommer til slutt så høyt over vannspeilet at annen vegetasjon kan vandre inn. På den ene siden av sumpen finner en åpent vann, mens tørrere naturtyper overtar på den andre siden. I Nord-Europa kan sumpen gå over til myr eller fuktig <a href="/wiki/Skog" title="Skog">skog</a>. Ofte overtar dyrket mark, eller annen menneskelig virksomhet i kanten av sumpen. </p><p>Sumpplantene har røttene i vann, og må derfor ha derfor spesielle tilpasninger for å skaffe <a href="/wiki/Oksygen" title="Oksygen">oksygen</a> til hele planten. Et annet problem er paradoksalt nok faren for uttørking ettersom vannstanden ofte varierer mye. De fleste sumpplanter tåler ikke at det er for sterk strøm i vannet. </p><p>Et velkjent type sump er sivbeltene som vokser rundt næringsrike innsjøer, og sakteflytende elver. Den meste kjente planten her er det kosmopolitiske <a href="/wiki/Grasfamilien" title="Grasfamilien">graset</a> <a href="/wiki/Takr%C3%B8r" title="Takrør">takrør</a>. Andre vanlige arter er <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elvesnelle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elvesnelle (ikke skrevet ennå)">elvesnelle</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kjempes%C3%B8tgras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kjempesøtgras (ikke skrevet ennå)">kjempesøtgras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sj%C3%B8sivaks" title="Sjøsivaks">sjøsivaks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bred_dunkjevle" class="mw-redirect" title="Bred dunkjevle">bred dunkjevle</a> og <a href="/wiki/Piggknoppfamilien" title="Piggknoppfamilien">kjempepiggknopp</a>. Her vokser også vakre blomster som <a href="/wiki/Sverdlilje" title="Sverdlilje">sverdlilje</a>, og mer sjeldent <a href="/wiki/Brudelys" title="Brudelys">brudelys</a> og <a href="/wiki/Pilblad" title="Pilblad">pilblad</a>. Der det ikke er så mye næring i vannet, til fjells, og langt nord overtar mer lavtvokste arter, for det meste starr. </p><p>Takrør tåler svakt <a href="/wiki/Brakkvann" title="Brakkvann">brakkvann</a>, og danner her sivbelter sammen med <a href="/wiki/Pollsivaks" title="Pollsivaks">pollsivaks</a>. Slike sumper finnes i elvemunninger i <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8r-Norge" title="Sør-Norge">Sør-Norge</a>, og rundt hele <a href="/wiki/%C3%98stersj%C3%B8en" title="Østersjøen">Østersjøen</a>. Langs havstrender fører som regel bølger, strøm og <a href="/wiki/Tidevann" title="Tidevann">tidevann</a> til at det ikke dannes noe sumpbelte, men i beskyttede viker kan en finne <a href="/wiki/Havsivaks" title="Havsivaks">havsivaks</a>. Sørover fra <a href="/wiki/Skottland" title="Skottland">Skottland</a> og <a href="/wiki/Danmark" title="Danmark">Danmark</a> danner ofte <i><a href="/wiki/Spartina" class="mw-redirect" title="Spartina">Spartina</a></i>-gras tette belter langs havstrendene. </p><p>I varme strøk kan andre planter danne sivbelter, for eksempel <a href="/wiki/Papyrus" title="Papyrus">papyrus</a>, eller det rundt 6 m høye graset <i><a href="/wiki/Arundo_donax" class="mw-redirect" title="Arundo donax">Arundo donax</a></i>. </p><p>Myrer gir leveområder og <a href="/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat">habitat</a> for mange typer <a href="/wiki/Virvell%C3%B8se_dyr" title="Virvelløse dyr">virvelløse dyr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fisk" title="Fisk">fisk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amfibier" title="Amfibier">amfibier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vannfugler" title="Vannfugler">vannfugler</a> og akvatiske pattedyr.<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell&Reece_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell&Reece-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Denne <a href="/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi">biologiske</a> produktiviteten betyr at myrer inneholder 0,1 % av globalt sekvestrert terrestrisk karbon.<sup id="cite_ref-FitzGerald_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FitzGerald-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dessuten har de en overordnet innflytelse på kraften i klimamotstand til kystområder og vannveier, og absorberer høyvann og andre forandringer grunnet vann ved ekstremvær.<sup id="cite_ref-FitzGerald_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FitzGerald-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Selv om noen myrer forventes å endres til oppland, vil de fleste naturlige myrområder være truet av havnivåstigning og tilhørende erosjon.<sup id="cite_ref-FitzGerald_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FitzGerald-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mange <a href="/wiki/Fisk" title="Fisk">fiskearter</a> vandrer inn i sumper for å gyte. Sumpene har også stor betydning for mange fugler, for eksempel <a href="/wiki/Skjeggmeis" title="Skjeggmeis">skjeggmeis</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B8rsanger" title="Rørsanger">rørsanger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sivhauk" title="Sivhauk">sivhauk</a> og <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B8rdrum" title="Rørdrum">rørdrum</a>. En rekke <a href="/wiki/Insekter" title="Insekter">insekter</a> har et larvestadium i vann, og de er ofte avhengig av at det finnes sumper. For å redusere plager med <a href="/wiki/Mygg" title="Mygg">mygg</a> og andre blodsugende og smittebærende insekter blir ofte sumper drenert. Ettersom sumper er vanskelig tilgjengelig for mennesker, kan en ofte finne et rikt dyreliv, selv om sumpen ligger ved en stor by. </p><p>Et vanlig epitet i <a href="/wiki/Nomenklatur_(biologi)" title="Nomenklatur (biologi)">biologisk nomenklatur</a> er det <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latinske</a> ordet <i>palustris</i>, som betyr «fra sumpen». Bekkeblom, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B8vmeis" title="Løvmeis">løvmeis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myrsanger" title="Myrsanger">myrsanger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sivblomst" title="Sivblomst">sivblomst</a> og <a href="/wiki/Sumpfuru" title="Sumpfuru">sumpfuru</a> er alle <a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">arter</a> med <i>palustris</i> i det vitenskapelige navnet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sump&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sump&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-naob-1"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-naob_1-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-naob_1-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://naob.no/ordbok/sump">«sump»</a>, <i>NAOB</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Keddy-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Keddy_2-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Keddy, P.A. (2010): <i>Wetland Ecology: Principles and Conservation</i>, 2. utg., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-miljolare-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-miljolare_3-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.miljolare.no/aktiviteter/vann/natur/vn16/ferskvannsplanter.php">Planter i og ved ferskvatn</a>, <i>Miljølære</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Campbell&Reece-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Campbell&Reece_4-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> Campbell & Reece (2008): <i>Biology Eighth Edition</i>. San Francisco, CA: Pearson Education Inc.; s. 1162.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FitzGerald-5"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-FitzGerald_5-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FitzGerald_5-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FitzGerald_5-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <span class="reference-text">FitzGerald, Duncan M.; Hughes, Zoe (30. mai 2019): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-earth-082517-010255">«Marsh Processes and Their Response to Climate Change and Sea-Level Rise»</a>, <i>Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences</i>. <b>47</b>(1): 481–517. Bibcode:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019AREPS..47..481F">2019AREPS..47..481F</a>. doi:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev-earth-082517-010255">10.1146/annurev-earth-082517-010255</a>. ISSN <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0084-6597">0084-6597</a>. S2CID <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:134372265">134372265</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bikuben.w.uib.no/naturen-i-bergen-lagrer-mer-karbon-enn-det-nasjonale-gjennomsnittet/">«Naturen i Bergen lagrer mer karbon enn det nasjonale gjennomsnittet»</a>, Bikuben 1. juni 2022, UiB</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sump&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sump&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Litteratur"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Georffrey, Halliday, red. (1982): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2012091238004"><i>Ville vekster i Norge og våre naboland</i></a>, oversatt av P. Sunding og A.M. Sunding, Schibsted, <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/8251609089" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 82-516-0908-9</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24994932">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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