БЕРЕНСЕ ДОНЪЯ ҺУҒЫШЫ

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<span>«Башҡортостан»</span></span> </a> <div class="top-extra-logos"> <a href="http://www.anrb.ru/" target="_blank" title="Башҡортостан Республикаһы Фәндәр академияһы"><img alt="Башҡортостан Республикаһы Фәндәр академияһы" src="/local/templates/science/images/ANRBLogo.png" /></a> <a href="http://bashenc.ru/" target="_blank" title="Башҡортостан Республикаһы “Башҡорт энциклопедияһы” дәүләт автономиялы фән учреждениеһы"><img alt="Башҡортостан Республикаһы “Башҡорт энциклопедияһы” дәүләт автономиялы фән учреждениеһы" src="/local/templates/science/images/BashEncLogo.png" /></a> </div> <div class="top-search-wrapper"> <form action="/ba/search/" class="top-search-form"> <input class="top-search-form__input" name="q" type="text" placeholder="Портал буйынса эҙләү"> <button type="submit" class="top-search-form__button b-dark-1-bg-hover"> <i class="top-search__icon hidden-xs" aria-hidden="true"> <svg role="img" viewBox="0 0 32 32"> <use xlink:href="/local/templates/science/images/icons.svg#lens"/> </svg> </i> <span class="top-search__caption">Табыу</span> </button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="b-light-color scroll-top scroll-top--hidden"><i class="fa fa-arrow-up" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> <div class="content-wrapper"> <div class="content"> <ul class="breadcrumb"><li class="breadcrumb__item "><a href="/ba/">Главная.</a></li><li class="breadcrumb__item breadcrumb__item--last"><a href="/ba/articles/">Материалдар</a></li></ul> <div class="news-detail"> <div class="news-detail__left-column"> <div class="news-detail__title-wrapper"> <h1 class="news-detail__title"> БЕРЕНСЕ ДОНЪЯ ҺУҒЫШЫ </h1> <div class="news__info"> <div class="news__info-item"> <span class="news__info-icon news__info-icon--text">Просмотров:</span> <span class="news__info-value news__info-value--wrappable b-color">2697</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="news-detail__text"> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>БЕРЕНСЕ ДОНЪЯ </strong><strong>Һ</strong><strong>У</strong><strong>Ғ</strong><strong>ЫШЫ </strong>(1914—18), бер яҡтан — Англия, Рәсәй, Франция, икенсе яҡтан Австро‑Венгрия һәм Германия араһында. Колонияларҙы, йоғонто яһау сфераларын һәм тауар һатыу баҙарҙарын яңынан бүлеү өсөн көрәш һөҙөмтәһендә тыуа. Б.д.һ. 38 дәүләт ҡатнаша. Ҡоро ер ғәскәрҙәренең һуғыш хәрәкәттәре — Азияла, Африкала, Европала, Алыҫ һәм Яҡын Көнсығышта, флот хәрәкәттәре Атлантик, Тымыҡ һәм Һинд океандарында алып барыла. Б.д.һ. эҙемтәһендә иҡт. кризис һәм күп илдәрҙә, ш. иҫ. Рәсәйҙә, революцион хәрәкәт башлана. <em>Башҡортостандың </em>соц.‑сәйәси һәм иҡт. тормошона мөһим йоғонто яһай. <em>Ырымбур губернаһынан — </em>яҡынса 163 мең, <em>Өфө губернаһынан </em>320 меңдән ашыу кеше мобилизациялана. Хәрәкәттәге армия составына 330‑сы Златоуст, 196‑сы Инсар, 190‑сы <em>Очаков пехота полкы </em>инә. <em>Ырымбур казак ғәскәренән </em>һуғышҡа 18,5 атлы полк һәм 9 атлы‑артиллерия дивизионы (бөтәһе 33 мең кеше) оҙатыла. 1914 й. 14 окт. һәм 11 нояб. Ырымбур мөфтөйө М.<em>Солтанов </em>мосолман руханиҙарына Рәсәйҙе һаҡлауға күтәрелергә саҡырып мөрәжәғәт итә. Һамар—Златоуст т. юлын, күперҙәрҙе, складтарҙы һәм Ҡытау‑Ивановка з‑ды эргәһендәге <em>хәрби әсирҙәр </em>лагерын һаҡлау өсөн Өфө губ. 103‑сө, 127‑се, 128‑се, 144‑се һәм 152‑се запас пехота батальоны (1916 й. мартында запас пехота полктары итеп үҙгәртелә), Ырымбур ҡ. 694‑се, Өфөлә 696‑сы йәйәүле дәүләт ополчениеһы дружинаһы ойошторола. Б.д.һ. башланыу м‑н, <em>Златоуст (Косотур) заводында</em>, <em>Ҡуҫа заводында</em>, <em>Һатҡы заводында </em>хәрби продукция етештереү арта; И.И.<em>Гутман </em>з‑дында, Өфө һәм Стәрлетамаҡ хәрби‑сәнәғәт ком‑ттарының снаряд з‑дтарында — бомбалар һәм гранаталар; <em>Алафузов буҫтау фабрикаһында</em>, хәрби кейем һәм шәхси оҫтаханаларҙа шинель буҫтауы, итектәр, снаряд йәшниктәре һ.б. етештерелә башлай. Өфө губ. армия өсөн 25 меңдән ашыу ат һатып алына, был иген етештереүҙең 30%‑ҡа кәмеүенә килтерә. Мобилизацияланған яугирҙарҙың ғаиләләренә ярҙам итеү өсөн “Һуғышта зыян күргән һалдаттарға һәм уларҙың ғаиләләренә һәр ерҙә ярҙам күрһәтеү йәмғиәте” нең Өфө бүлеге ойошторола. 1914 й. 18210 һум ирекле взнос йыйыла, ярҙам рәүешендә 282 һум аҡса бирелә, Бөтә Рәсәй ҡалалар союзы- ның Өфө ком‑тына 14974 һум иғәнә йыйыла, уның 14816 һумы лазарет- тар ойоштороуға бүленә, сауҙагәр А.А.Хәкимов (ҡара: <em>Хәкимовтар</em>) 37 урынлыҡ лазарет асыу өсөн үҙ йортон бирә. 1917 й. ҡарай Өфөлә ш. уҡ 126‑сы һәм 127‑се эвакуация госпитале, земство союзы лазареттары урынлаша, Златоуст ҡ. — 80 урынлыҡ лазарет, Өфө губ. бөтәһе 2 меңдән ашыу койка иҫәпләнә. “Йылы әйберҙәр әҙерләү бүлексәһе” башлыса Очаков һәм Златоуст пехота полктарына ярҙам күрһәтә. 1917 й. Ваҡытлы хөкүмәт хәрәкәттәге армия див. һәм 144‑се запас пехота полкын “мосолманлаштырыу” сараһын үткәрә. Б.д.һ. бәйле “<em>Рус‑герман һуғышы бәйете</em>”, “Герман һуғышында”, “Әсир һалдат бәйете” һ.б. <em>бәйеттәр </em>ижад ителә.</p> <p align="right"><em>А.Р.В</em><em>ә</em><em>лиуллин</em></p> <p align="right"><em>Т</em><em>ә</em><em>рж. 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