Transcription factor co-repressors in cancer biology: roles and targeting

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new collection</label> </li> <li> <input type="radio" id="collections-action-panel-existing" class="collections-existing" name="collections" value="existing" checked="true" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"> <label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="controls-wrapper"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name your collection: </label> <input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"> <div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label> <select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"> </select> <div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="bibliography-action-panel" class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel" aria-hidden="true" data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false" data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h3 class="action-panel-heading"> Add to My Bibliography </h3> <form id="bibliography-action-panel-form" class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100" data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10" data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/" data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/" data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/" data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="xrqDXoo9KveICc9Ja7X4lLHtFLfjTY6Rk2bBrTGKMg8syU8YyJZuKPYsWLIVXPyW"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls"> <div class="choice-group"> <ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items"> <li> <input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/> <label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel" ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel" aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="mybib" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true" data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false" data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your saved search </h2> <form id="saved-search-action-panel-form" class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/" data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/" data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="xrqDXoo9KveICc9Ja7X4lLHtFLfjTY6Rk2bBrTGKMg8syU8YyJZuKPYsWLIVXPyW"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of saved search: </label> <input maxlength="200" type="text" name="saved-search-name" id="saved-search-name" class="saved-search-name" value="" required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Search terms: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea> </div> <div class="test-search-term-wrap"> <a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a> </div> <div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label"> Would you like email updates of new search results? </span> <fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label"> <legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend> <ul class="radio-group-items"> <li> <input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked> <label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label> </li> <li> <input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no"> <label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label> </li> </ul> </fieldset> </div> <div class="alert-schedule-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label class="action-panel-label"> Email: </label> <span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label"> Frequency: </label> <select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency"> <option value="monthly">Monthly</option> <option value="weekly">Weekly</option> <option value="daily">Daily</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector"> <option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">The first Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">The first Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option> <option value="day">The first day</option> <option value="weekday">The first weekday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day"> <option value="Sunday">Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">Saturday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label"> Report format: </label> <select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report"> <option value="DocSum">Summary</option> <option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option> <option value="Abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option> <option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label"> Send at most: </label> <select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount"> <option value="1">1 item</option> <option value="5" selected>5 items</option> <option value="10">10 items</option> <option value="20">20 items</option> <option value="50">50 items</option> <option value="100">100 items</option> <option value="200">200 items</option> </select> </div> <div> <input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result"> <label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox"> Send even when there aren't any new results </label> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label"> Optional text in email: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-email-text" id="saved-search-email-text" class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Saving..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Save </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel" ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel" aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Create a file for external citation management software </h2> <form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/results-export-ids/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/" method="post" data-by-search-method="post" data-by-ids-method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="xrqDXoo9KveICc9Ja7X4lLHtFLfjTY6Rk2bBrTGKMg8syU8YyJZuKPYsWLIVXPyW"> <input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Sending..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="save"> Create file </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel" ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel" aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your RSS Feed </h2> <form id="rss-action-panel-form" class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/" data-search-form-term-value=""> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="xrqDXoo9KveICc9Ja7X4lLHtFLfjTY6Rk2bBrTGKMg8syU8YyJZuKPYsWLIVXPyW"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of RSS Feed: </label> <input maxlength="200" placeholder="Name" type="text" name="rss-name" id="rss-name" class="rss-name" value='' required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="rss-limit-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label"> Number of items displayed: </label> <select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit"> <option value="5">5</option> <option value="10">10</option> <option value="15" selected="selected">15</option> <option value="20">20</option> <option value="50">50</option> <option value="100">100</option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Creating..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Create RSS </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel" ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel" aria-controls="rss-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap"> <label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label> <input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link"> <button type="button" disabled class="rss-link-copy-button disabled" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="rss" data-ga-label="copy"> Copy </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="20091860"> <aside class="page-sidebar"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <div class="full-text-links"> <div class="full-view"> <h3 class="title"> Full text links </h3> <div class="full-text-links-list"> <a class="link-item dialog-focus" 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value="xrqDXoo9KveICc9Ja7X4lLHtFLfjTY6Rk2bBrTGKMg8syU8YyJZuKPYsWLIVXPyW"><div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup"><ul class="radio-group-items"><li><input type="radio" id="collections-action-dialog-new" class="collections-new" name="collections" value="new" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"><label for="collections-action-dialog-new">Create a new collection</label></li><li><input type="radio" id="collections-action-dialog-existing" class="collections-existing" name="collections" value="existing" checked="true" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"><label for="collections-action-dialog-existing">Add to an existing collection</label></li></ul></div><div class="controls-wrapper"><div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name your collection: </label><input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"><div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div></div><div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label><select id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('.collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"></select><div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br><a href="#">Please try again</a></div></div></div><div class="action-panel-actions"><button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button><button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button></div></form></div></div></div></div><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" 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href="/?term=Maguire+O&cauthor_id=20091860" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Orla Maguire">Orla Maguire</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Campbell+MJ&cauthor_id=20091860" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Moray J Campbell">Moray J Campbell</a></span> </div> </div> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliation </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-1" id="short-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA.</li> </ul> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="short-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">20091860</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier pmc"> <span class="id-label"> PMCID: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=PMC2847647&id_type=PMC" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2847647/" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="PMCID" > PMC2847647 </a> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=10.1002/ijc.25181&id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.25181" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.1002/ijc.25181 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="actions-buttons inline"><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with full text links" ref="linksrc=full_text_links"> Full text links </button><button class="citation-button 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These processes allow for combinatorial actions, feedback control and fine-tuning. A central role has emerged for the transcriptional co-repressor proteins such as NCOR1, NCOR2/SMRT, CoREST and CTBPs, to control the actions of many transcriptional factors, in large part, by recruitment and activation of a range of chromatin remodeling enzymes. Thus, co-repressors and chromatin remodeling factors are recruited to transcription factors at specific promoter/enhancer regions and execute changes in the chromatin structure. The specificity of this recruitment is controlled in a spatial-temporal manner. By playing a central role in transcriptional control, as they move and target transcription factors, co-repressors act as a key driver in the epigenetic economy of the nucleus. Co-repressor functions are selectively distorted in malignancy, by both loss and gain of function and contribute to the generation of transcriptional rigidity. Features of transcriptional rigidity apparent in cancer cells include the distorted signaling of nuclear receptors and the WNTs/beta-catenin axis. Understanding and predicting the consequences of altered co-repressor expression patterns in cancer cells has diagnostic and prognostic significance, and also have the capacity to be targeted through selective epigenetic therapies. </p> </div> </div> <p class="disclaimer" id="disclaimer"> <a href="/disclaimer/" target="_blank" ga_category="literature_resources" ga_action="disclaimer_link" ga_label="under_abstract">PubMed Disclaimer</a> </p> <div class="figures" id="figures"> <h2 class="title"> Figures </h2> <div class="figures-list" id="slides-container" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageGallery"> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="0" data-label-slug="figure-1"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/879c/2847647/f9bc2934c33a/nihms-184558-f0001.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-0" role="button" data-image-width="601" data-image-height="466" data-image-alt="Figure 1" data-pmc-id="PMC2847647" data-figure-id="F1"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-0" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/879c/2847647/64798618522b/nihms-184558-f0001.gif" alt="Figure 1" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="601"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="466"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 1. A model for the deregulation… </p> </strong> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 1. A model for the deregulation of co-repressors leading to stable targeted repression </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> Panel… </b></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-0" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 1. A model for the deregulation of co-repressors leading to stable targeted repression </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><b>Panel A.</b> In normal systems the balance of co-activator (CoA) and co-repressor (CoR) expression are in dynamic equilibrium (left) such that they are rapidly recruited to and released from transcription factor (TF) complexes to control tightly the underlying epigenetic events. Such a dynamic choreography can give rise to patterns of mRNA expression that are alternating, or cycling. The net result is the rapidly responsive and alternating kinetics of mRNA expression (right). <b>Panel B.</b> Elevated CoR expression in malignancy limits the extent of the transcriptional cycle and reduces the peak height and accentuates the minima. <b>Panel C.</b> The sustained expression of CoRs generates a repressive chromatin environment that can selectively attract the CpG methylation machinery and lead to transcriptional silencing that is stably inherited and complete attenuation of transcriptional responsiveness.</div> </figcaption> </figure> </div>  <div class="pswp figures-dialog" id="figures-dialog" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true" data-image-gallery-uid="article-figures" aria-label="Figures Dialog">  <div class="pswp__bg"></div>  <div class="pswp__scroll-wrap">  <div class="pswp__container"> <div class="pswp__item"></div> <div class="pswp__item"></div> <div class="pswp__item"></div> </div>  <div class="pswp__ui pswp__ui--hidden"> <div class="pswp__top-bar">  <div class="pswp__counter"></div> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--close" title="Close (Esc)"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--share" title="Share"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--fs" title="Toggle fullscreen"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--zoom" title="Zoom in/out"></button>   <div class="pswp__preloader"> <div class="pswp__preloader__icn"> <div class="pswp__preloader__cut"> <div class="pswp__preloader__donut"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pswp__share-modal pswp__share-modal--hidden pswp__single-tap"> <div class="pswp__share-tooltip"></div> </div> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--left" title="Previous (arrow left)"> </button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--right" title="Next (arrow right)"> </button> <div class="pswp__caption"> <div class="pswp__caption__center"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-dialog-caption"> <div class="figure-caption-link-container"> <a class="figure-caption-link" href="#">See this image and copyright information in PMC</a> </div> <div class="figure-caption-center" data-expand-title="click to show full caption" data-collapse-title="click to hide full caption"> </div> <button class="figure-caption-toggle-btn" aria-label="show full caption" data-expand-text="show full caption" data-collapse-text="hide full caption">  </button> </div> </div> <div class="similar-articles" id="similar"> <h2 class="title"> Similar articles </h2> <ul class="articles-list" id="similar-articles-list"> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/22527719/" ref="article_id=22527719&linksrc=similar_articles_link&ordinalpos=1" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="22527719" data-ga-label=""> Targeting transcription factor corepressors in tumor cells. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Vaiopoulos AG, Kostakis ID, Athanasoula KCh, Papavassiliou AG.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Vaiopoulos AG, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Cell Mol Life Sci. 2012 Jun;69(11):1745-53. doi: 10.1007/s00018-012-0986-5. 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class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Transcription Factors / genetics" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-15" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Transcription Factors / genetics </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-15" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Transcription Factors / genetics"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Transcription+Factors%2Fgenetics%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Transcription+Factors%2Fgenetics%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Transcription Factors/genetics"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Transcription Factors / genetics"> Search in PubMed 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id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-16" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Transcription Factors / metabolism*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Transcription+Factors%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Transcription+Factors%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Transcription Factors/metabolism"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Transcription Factors / metabolism*"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Transcription+Factors" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Transcription Factors / metabolism*"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Transcription Factors/metabolism"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Transcription Factors/metabolism"[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Transcription, Genetic*" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-17" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Transcription, Genetic* </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-17" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Transcription, Genetic*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Transcription%2C+Genetic%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Transcription%2C+Genetic%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Transcription, Genetic"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Transcription, Genetic*"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Transcription%2C+Genetic" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Transcription, Genetic*"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Transcription, Genetic"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Transcription, Genetic"[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ul> </div> <div id="substances" class="substances keywords-section"> <h2 class="title"> Substances </h2> <ul class="keywords-list"><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Co-Repressor Proteins" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-0" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Co-Repressor Proteins </button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-0" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Co-Repressor Proteins"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Co-Repressor+Proteins%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Co-Repressor+Proteins%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="Co-Repressor Proteins"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="substance" data-ga-label="Co-Repressor Proteins"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22Co-Repressor+Proteins%22" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="substance_link" data-ga-label="Co-Repressor Proteins"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Co-Repressor Proteins"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Co-Repressor Proteins"[nm]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword DNA, Neoplasm" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-1" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> DNA, Neoplasm </button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-1" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword DNA, Neoplasm"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22DNA%2C+Neoplasm%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22DNA%2C+Neoplasm%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="DNA, Neoplasm"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="substance" data-ga-label="DNA, Neoplasm"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22DNA%2C+Neoplasm%22" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="substance_link" data-ga-label="DNA, Neoplasm"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""DNA, Neoplasm"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""DNA, Neoplasm"[nm]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword DNA-Binding Proteins" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-2" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> DNA-Binding Proteins </button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-2" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword DNA-Binding Proteins"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22DNA-Binding+Proteins%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22DNA-Binding+Proteins%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="DNA-Binding Proteins"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="substance" data-ga-label="DNA-Binding Proteins"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22DNA-Binding+Proteins%22" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="substance_link" data-ga-label="DNA-Binding Proteins"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""DNA-Binding Proteins"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""DNA-Binding Proteins"[nm]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Heterochromatin" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-3" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Heterochromatin </button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-3" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Heterochromatin"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Heterochromatin%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Heterochromatin%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="Heterochromatin"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="substance" data-ga-label="Heterochromatin"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22Heterochromatin%22" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="substance_link" data-ga-label="Heterochromatin"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Heterochromatin"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Heterochromatin"[nm]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Homeodomain Proteins" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-4" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Homeodomain Proteins </button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-4" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Homeodomain Proteins"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Homeodomain+Proteins%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Homeodomain+Proteins%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="Homeodomain Proteins"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="substance" data-ga-label="Homeodomain Proteins"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22Homeodomain+Proteins%22" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="substance_link" data-ga-label="Homeodomain Proteins"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Homeodomain Proteins"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Homeodomain Proteins"[nm]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword NKX3-1 protein, human" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-5" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> NKX3-1 protein, human </button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-5" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword NKX3-1 protein, human"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22NKX3-1+protein%2C+human%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22NKX3-1+protein%2C+human%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="NKX3-1 protein, human"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="substance" data-ga-label="NKX3-1 protein, human"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22NKX3-1+protein%2C+human%22" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="substance_link" data-ga-label="NKX3-1 protein, human"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""NKX3-1 protein, human"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""NKX3-1 protein, human"[nm]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Receptors, Androgen" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-6" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Receptors, Androgen </button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-6" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown 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data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Receptors, Androgen"[nm]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Transcription Factors" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-7" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Transcription Factors </button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-7" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Transcription Factors"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Transcription+Factors%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Transcription+Factors%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="Transcription Factors"[nm]" 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id="keyword-actions-substances-8" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword DNA"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22DNA%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22DNA%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="DNA"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="substance" data-ga-label="DNA"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22DNA%22" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="substance_link" data-ga-label="DNA"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""DNA"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""DNA"[nm]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ul> </div> <div id="related-links" class="related-links"> <h2 class="title"> Related information </h2> <ul class="related-links-list"><li><a title="Related information in MedGen" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen?linkname=pubmed_medgen&from_uid=20091860" ref="log$=recordlinks&logdbfrom=pubmed&ncbi_uid=20091860&ordinalpos=1&linkpos=1"> MedGen </a></li><li><a title="Related PubChem Compound via MeSH" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pccompound?linkname=pubmed_pccompound_mesh&from_uid=20091860" ref="log$=recordlinks&logdbfrom=pubmed&ncbi_uid=20091860&ordinalpos=1&linkpos=2"> PubChem Compound (MeSH Keyword) </a></li></ul> </div> <div id="grants" class="grants"> <h2 class="title"> Grants and funding </h2> <div class="grants-list"><ul id="grants-head-list"><li class="grant-item"><a title="All articles for grant P30 CA016056/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States" 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Transcription factor co-repressors in cancer biology: roles and targeting - PubMed