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<li id="toc-Early_Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early Christianity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Establishment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Establishment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Establishment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Establishment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autocephaly_and_Patriarchate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autocephaly_and_Patriarchate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Autocephaly and Patriarchate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autocephaly_and_Patriarchate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ohrid_Archbishopric" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ohrid_Archbishopric"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Ohrid Archbishopric</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ohrid_Archbishopric-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tarnovo_Patriarchate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tarnovo_Patriarchate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Tarnovo Patriarchate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tarnovo_Patriarchate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ottoman_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ottoman_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Ottoman rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ottoman_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bulgarian_Exarchate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bulgarian_Exarchate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Bulgarian Exarchate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bulgarian_Exarchate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_restoration_of_the_Bulgarian_Patriarchate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_restoration_of_the_Bulgarian_Patriarchate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Second restoration of the Bulgarian Patriarchate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_restoration_of_the_Bulgarian_Patriarchate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canonical_status_and_organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canonical_status_and_organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Canonical status and organization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canonical_status_and_organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bulgarian Orthodox Church</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 49 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">49 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaars-Ortodokse_Kerk" title="Bulgaars-Ortodokse Kerk – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bulgaars-Ortodokse Kerk" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B0%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الكنيسة البلغارية الأرثوذكسية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الكنيسة البلغارية الأرثوذكسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89gll%C3%A9se_ortodoxe_de_Bulgarie" title="Égllése ortodoxe de Bulgarie – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Égllése ortodoxe de Bulgarie" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolqar_Pravoslav_Kils%C9%99si" title="Bolqar Pravoslav Kilsəsi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bolqar Pravoslav Kilsəsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Балгарская праваслаўная царква – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Балгарская праваслаўная царква" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Баўгарская праваслаўная царква – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Баўгарская праваслаўная царква" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%86%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%E2%80%93_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Българска православна църква – Българска патриаршия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Българска православна църква – Българска патриаршия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esgl%C3%A9sia_Ortodoxa_B%C3%BAlgara" title="Església Ortodoxa Búlgara – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Església Ortodoxa Búlgara" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulharsk%C3%A1_pravoslavn%C3%A1_c%C3%ADrkev" title="Bulharská pravoslavná církev – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bulharská pravoslavná církev" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarisch-Orthodoxe_Kirche" title="Bulgarisch-Orthodoxe Kirche – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bulgarisch-Orthodoxe Kirche" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaaria_%C3%95igeusu_Kirik" title="Bulgaaria Õigeusu Kirik – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bulgaaria Õigeusu Kirik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B3%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%9F%CF%81%CE%B8%CF%8C%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%BE%CE%B7_%CE%95%CE%BA%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Βουλγαρική Ορθόδοξη Εκκλησία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βουλγαρική Ορθόδοξη Εκκλησία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iglesia_ortodoxa_b%C3%BAlgara" title="Iglesia ortodoxa búlgara – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Iglesia ortodoxa búlgara" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgara_Ortodoksa_Eklezio" title="Bulgara Ortodoksa Eklezio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bulgara Ortodoksa Eklezio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%AF%DA%A9%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کلیسای ارتدکس بلغارستان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کلیسای ارتدکس بلغارستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89glise_orthodoxe_bulgare" title="Église orthodoxe bulgare – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Église orthodoxe bulgare" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eaglais_Cheartchreidmheach_na_Bulg%C3%A1ire" title="Eaglais Cheartchreidmheach na Bulgáire – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Eaglais Cheartchreidmheach na Bulgáire" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igrexa_ortodoxa_b%C3%BAlgara" title="Igrexa ortodoxa búlgara – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Igrexa ortodoxa búlgara" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B6%88%EA%B0%80%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%EC%A0%95%EA%B5%90%ED%9A%8C" title="불가리아 정교회 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="불가리아 정교회" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bugarska_pravoslavna_Crkva" title="Bugarska pravoslavna Crkva – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bugarska pravoslavna Crkva" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gereja_Ortodoks_Bulgaria" title="Gereja Ortodoks Bulgaria – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gereja Ortodoks Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%8B_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BD%C3%A6%D0%B3_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Болгарийы растуырнæг еклези – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Болгарийы растуырнæг еклези" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiesa_ortodossa_bulgara" title="Chiesa ortodossa bulgara – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Chiesa ortodossa bulgara" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="הכנסייה האורתודוקסית הבולגרית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הכנסייה האורתודוקסית הבולגרית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ბულგარეთის მართლმადიდებელი ეკლესია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბულგარეთის მართლმადიდებელი ეკლესია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecclesia_orthodoxa_Bulgariae" title="Ecclesia orthodoxa Bulgariae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ecclesia orthodoxa Bulgariae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolg%C3%A1r_ortodox_egyh%C3%A1z" title="Bolgár ortodox egyház – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bolgár ortodox egyház" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%86%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Бугарска православна црква – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бугарска православна црква" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B0%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الكنيسة البلغاريه الارثوذكسيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الكنيسة البلغاريه الارثوذكسيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gereja_Ortodoks_Bulgaria" title="Gereja Ortodoks Bulgaria – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gereja Ortodoks Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaars-Orthodoxe_Kerk" title="Bulgaars-Orthodoxe Kerk – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bulgaars-Orthodoxe Kerk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AC%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="ブルガリア正教会 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブルガリア正教会" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_bulgarske_ortodokse_kirke" title="Den bulgarske ortodokse kirke – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Den bulgarske ortodokse kirke" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%C5%82garski_Ko%C5%9Bci%C3%B3%C5%82_Prawos%C5%82awny" title="Bułgarski Kościół Prawosławny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bułgarski Kościół Prawosławny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igreja_Ortodoxa_B%C3%BAlgara" title="Igreja Ortodoxa Búlgara – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Igreja Ortodoxa Búlgara" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biserica_Ortodox%C4%83_Bulgar%C4%83" title="Biserica Ortodoxă Bulgară – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Biserica Ortodoxă Bulgară" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C" title="Болгарская православная церковь – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Болгарская православная церковь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church" title="Bulgarian Orthodox Church – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bulgarian Orthodox Church" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%86%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Бугарска православна црква – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бугарска православна црква" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bugarska_pravoslavna_crkva" title="Bugarska pravoslavna crkva – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bugarska pravoslavna crkva" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarian_ortodoksinen_kirkko" title="Bulgarian ortodoksinen kirkko – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bulgarian ortodoksinen kirkko" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarisk-ortodoxa_kyrkan" title="Bulgarisk-ortodoxa kyrkan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bulgarisk-ortodoxa kyrkan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C" title="คริสตจักรบัลแกเรียนออร์ทอดอกซ์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คริสตจักรบัลแกเรียนออร์ทอดอกซ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D2%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Калисои ортодоксии Булғористон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Калисои ортодоксии Булғористон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgar_Ortodoks_Kilisesi" title="Bulgar Ortodoks Kilisesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bulgar Ortodoks Kilisesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Болгарська православна церква – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Болгарська православна церква" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="بلغاری راسخ الاعتقاد کلیسیا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بلغاری راسخ الاعتقاد کلیسیا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%C3%A1o_h%E1%BB%99i_Ch%C3%ADnh_th%E1%BB%91ng_Bulgaria" title="Giáo hội Chính thống Bulgaria – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Giáo hội Chính thống Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="保加利亞正教會 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="保加利亞正教會" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q242758#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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Please help Wikipedia by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church&action=edit">rewriting this article</a> with your own words.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width: 24em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;">Patriarchate of Bulgaria</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span class="nickname"><b><span title="Bulgarian-language text"><span lang="bg">Българска патриаршия</span></span></b></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_BPC.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Coat_of_arms_of_BPC.png/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_BPC.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Coat_of_arms_of_BPC.png/300px-Coat_of_arms_of_BPC.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Coat_of_arms_of_BPC.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox Christianity">Eastern Orthodox</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Orientation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern Christianity</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Religious_text" title="Religious text">Scripture</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Theology</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_theology" title="Eastern Orthodox theology">Eastern Orthodox theology</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Primate</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Daniil_of_Bulgaria" title="Daniil of Bulgaria">Daniil</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Bishops</th><td class="infobox-data">15</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Priests</th><td class="infobox-data">2,000</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Parishes</th><td class="infobox-data">2,600</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Monasteries</th><td class="infobox-data">120</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Old_Church_Slavonic" title="Old Church Slavonic">Old Church Slavonic</a> (Old Bulgarian)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Nevsky_Cathedral,_Sofia" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, Sofia">Alexander Nevsky Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Territory</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Possessions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Boris_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Boris I of Bulgaria">Boris I of Bulgaria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Independence</th><td class="infobox-data">870–1018<br />1185–1393<br />1018–1767<br />1870–present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Recognition</th><td class="infobox-data">870 <span style="font-size:85%;">(Autonomy)</span><br />927 <span style="font-size:85%;">(Patriarchate)</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (May 2022)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <br />1235 <span style="font-size:85%;">(Patriarchate)</span> <br />1945 <span style="font-size:85%;">(Autocephaly)</span> <br />1953 <span style="font-size:85%;">(Patriarchate)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Separations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Old_Calendar_Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church" title="Old Calendar Bulgarian Orthodox Church">Old Calendar Bulgarian Orthodox Church</a> (early 20th century) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church_%E2%80%93_Alternative_synod" title="Bulgarian Orthodox Church – Alternative synod">Bulgarian Orthodox Church – Alternative synod</a> (1996)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Members</th><td class="infobox-data">7–8 million</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Official website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Category:Eastern Orthodoxy">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:140%;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christ_Pantocrator_mosaic_from_Hagia_Sophia_2744_x_2900_pixels_3.1_MB.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Christ Pantocrator (Deesis mosaic detail)"><img alt="Christ Pantocrator (Deesis mosaic detail)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Christ_Pantocrator_mosaic_from_Hagia_Sophia_2744_x_2900_pixels_3.1_MB.jpg/140px-Christ_Pantocrator_mosaic_from_Hagia_Sophia_2744_x_2900_pixels_3.1_MB.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Christ_Pantocrator_mosaic_from_Hagia_Sophia_2744_x_2900_pixels_3.1_MB.jpg/210px-Christ_Pantocrator_mosaic_from_Hagia_Sophia_2744_x_2900_pixels_3.1_MB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Christ_Pantocrator_mosaic_from_Hagia_Sophia_2744_x_2900_pixels_3.1_MB.jpg/280px-Christ_Pantocrator_mosaic_from_Hagia_Sophia_2744_x_2900_pixels_3.1_MB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2744" data-file-height="2900" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption">Mosaic of <a href="/wiki/Christ_Pantocrator" title="Christ Pantocrator">Christ Pantocrator</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hagia_Sophia" title="Hagia Sophia">Hagia Sophia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:gold"> Overview</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Organization of the Eastern Orthodox Church">Structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_theology" title="Eastern Orthodox theology">Theology</a> (<a href="/wiki/History_of_Eastern_Orthodox_theology" title="History of Eastern Orthodox theology">History of theology</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_worship" title="Eastern Orthodox worship">Liturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="History of the Eastern Orthodox Church">Church history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrament#Eastern_Orthodoxy_and_Oriental_Orthodoxy" title="Sacrament">Holy Mysteries</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theosis_(Eastern_Christian_theology)" title="Theosis (Eastern Christian theology)">View of salvation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">View of Mary</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icon#Eastern_Orthodox_teaching" title="Icon">View of icons</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Background</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a> / <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension<br />of Jesus</a></div></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Church" title="Christian Church">Christian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_succession" title="Apostolic succession">Apostolic succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Marks_of_the_Church" title="Four Marks of the Church">Four Marks of the Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy" title="Orthodoxy">Orthodoxy</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Organization of the Eastern Orthodox Church">Organization</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomy_(Eastern_Orthodoxy)" title="Autonomy (Eastern Orthodoxy)">Autonomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autocephaly" title="Autocephaly">Autocephaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchate" title="Patriarchate">Patriarchate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarch_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople">Ecumenical Patriarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_polity#Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Episcopal polity">Episcopal polity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Canon law of the Eastern Orthodox Church">Canon law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clergy#Orthodoxy" title="Clergy">Clergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_(Eastern_Orthodox_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop (Eastern Orthodox Church)">Bishops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priesthood_(Orthodox_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Priesthood (Orthodox Church)">Priests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deacon#Eastern_Orthodoxy_and_Eastern_Catholicism" title="Deacon">Deacons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christian_monasticism#Byzantine_monasticism" title="Eastern Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Degrees_of_Eastern_Orthodox_monasticism" title="Degrees of Eastern Orthodox monasticism">Degrees</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_brotherhood" title="Orthodox brotherhood">Bratstvo</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Autocephaly" title="Autocephaly">Autocephalous</a> jurisdictions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">Autocephalous Churches who are officially part of the communion: <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarchate_of_Alexandria" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria">Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarchate_of_Antioch" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch">Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Orthodox_Church" title="Romanian Orthodox Church">Romania</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Orthodox_Church" title="Georgian Orthodox Church">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Cyprus" title="Church of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Greece" title="Church of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Orthodox_Church" title="Polish Orthodox Church">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Orthodox_Church" title="Albanian Orthodox Church">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_of_the_Czech_Lands_and_Slovakia" title="Orthodox Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia">Czech Lands and Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Orthodox_Church_%E2%80%93_Archdiocese_of_Ohrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedonian Orthodox Church – Archdiocese of Ohrid">North Macedonia</a></li></ul> </div> <p>Autocephaly recognized by some autocephalous Churches <i>de jure</i>: </p> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_in_America" title="Orthodox Church in America">America</a></li></ul> </div> <p>Autocephaly and canonicity recognized by Constantinople and 3 other autocephalous Churches: </p> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_of_Ukraine" title="Orthodox Church of Ukraine">Ukraine (OCU)</a></li></ul> <p>Spiritual independence recognized by Georgian Orthodox Church: </p> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Orthodox_Church_(Moscow_Patriarchate)" title="Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)">Ukraine (UOC)</a></li></ul> </div> <p><br /> </p> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Autonomy" title="Autonomy">Autonomous</a> jurisdictions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Sinai" title="Church of Sinai">Sinai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_of_Finland" title="Orthodox Church of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Apostolic_Orthodox_Church" title="Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church">Estonia (EP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_in_Japan" title="Orthodox Church in Japan">Japan (MP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Orthodox_Church" title="Chinese Orthodox Church">China (MP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Orthodox_Metropolis_of_the_Americas" title="Romanian Orthodox Metropolis of the Americas">Americas (RP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolis_of_Bessarabia" title="Metropolis of Bessarabia">Bessarabia (RP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolis_of_Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u_and_All_Moldova" title="Metropolis of Chișinău and All Moldova">Moldova (MP)</a></li></ul> </div> <p>Semi-Autonomous: </p> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Crete" title="Church of Crete">Crete (EP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Orthodox_Church_of_the_Moscow_Patriarchate" title="Estonian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate">Estonia (MP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church_Outside_of_Russia" title="Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia">ROCOR (MP)</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Episcopal assemblies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Australia,_New_Zealand,_and_Oceania" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania">Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Austria" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Belgium,_Holland,_and_Luxembourg" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg">Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Canada" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_France" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Germany" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Great Britain and Ireland">Great Britain and Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Italy_and_Malta" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Italy and Malta">Italy and Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Latin_America" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Latin America">Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Scandinavia" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Spain_and_Portugal" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Spain and Portugal">Spain and Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Switzerland_and_Liechtenstein" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Switzerland and Liechtenstein">Switzerland and Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of the United States of America">United States of America</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Noncanonical jurisdictions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Believers" title="Old Believers">Old Believers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_Christianity" title="Spiritual Christianity">Spiritual Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="True Orthodoxy">True Orthodoxy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catacomb_Church" title="Catacomb Church">Catacomb Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Calendarists" title="Old Calendarists">Old Calendarists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Orthodox_Catholic_Church" title="American Orthodox Catholic Church">American Orthodox Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_World_Patriarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="American World Patriarchs">American World Patriarchs</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church#Churches_that_are_unrecognized" title="Organization of the Eastern Orthodox Church">National</a> churches:</li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazian_Orthodox_Church" title="Abkhazian Orthodox Church">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Autocephalous_Orthodox_Church" title="Belarusian Autocephalous Orthodox Church">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_in_Italy" title="Orthodox Church in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Orthodox_Church" title="Latvian Orthodox Church">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Orthodox_Churches_in_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent Orthodox Churches in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Orthodox Church">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Orthodox_Church_%E2%80%93_Kyiv_Patriarchate" title="Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyiv Patriarchate">UOC–KP</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Orthodox_Church" title="Evangelical Orthodox Church">Evangelical Orthodox</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_council" title="Ecumenical council">Ecumenical councils</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">First Seven Ecumenical Councils</a>:</li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Constantinople" title="First Council of Constantinople">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ephesus" title="Council of Ephesus">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Fourth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_Constantinople" title="Second Council of Constantinople">Fifth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Council_of_Constantinople" title="Third Council of Constantinople">Sixth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_Nicaea" title="Second Council of Nicaea">Seventh</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li>Other possible ecumenical councils:</li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Council_of_Constantinople_(Eastern_Orthodox)" title="Fourth Council of Constantinople (Eastern Orthodox)">Eighth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Council_of_Constantinople" title="Fifth Council of Constantinople">Ninth</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li>Other important councils:</li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quinisext_Council" title="Quinisext Council">Quinisext Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Jassy" title="Synod of Jassy">Jassy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Moscow_Synod" title="Great Moscow Synod">Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Jerusalem_(1672)" title="Synod of Jerusalem (1672)">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Constantinople_(1872)" title="Council of Constantinople (1872)">Constantinople (1872)</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="History of the Eastern Orthodox Church">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentarchy" title="Pentarchy">Pentarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Iberia" title="Christianization of Iberia">Christianization of Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Bulgaria" title="Christianization of Bulgaria">Christianization of Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Kievan_Rus%27" title="Christianization of Kievan Rus'">Christianization of Kievan Rus'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">Great Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="History of the Russian Orthodox Church">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="History of the Eastern Orthodox Church under the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_North_America" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in North America">North America</a></li> <li>Moscow–Constantinople schism <ul><li><a href="/wiki/15th%E2%80%9316th_century_Moscow%E2%80%93Constantinople_schism" title="15th–16th century Moscow–Constantinople schism">15th–16th c.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Moscow%E2%80%93Constantinople_schism" title="1996 Moscow–Constantinople schism">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Moscow%E2%80%93Constantinople_schism" title="2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism">2018</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_theology" title="Eastern Orthodox theology">Theology</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Eastern_Orthodox_theology" title="History of Eastern Orthodox theology">History of Eastern Orthodox theology</a> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/History_of_Eastern_Orthodox_theology_in_the_20th_century" title="History of Eastern Orthodox theology in the 20th century">20th century (Neo-Palamism)</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apophatic_theology" title="Apophatic theology">Apophaticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrismation" title="Chrismation">Chrismation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_contemplation" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian contemplation">Contemplative prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essence%E2%80%93energies_distinction" title="Essence–energies distinction">Essence vs. Energies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesychasm" title="Hesychasm">Hesychasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Holy Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypostatic_union" title="Hypostatic union">Hypostatic union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">Icons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metousiosis" title="Metousiosis">Metousiosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystical_theology#Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Mystical theology">Mystical theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepsis" title="Nepsis">Nepsis</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Economy_(religion)" title="Economy (religion)">Oikonomia</a></i> vs <i><a href="/wiki/Akribeia" title="Akribeia">Akribeia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ousia" title="Ousia">Ousia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palamism" title="Palamism">Palamism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Philokalia" title="Philokalia">Philokalia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phronema" title="Phronema">Phronema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_view_of_sin" title="Eastern Orthodox view of sin">Sin</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theosis_(Eastern_Christian_theology)" title="Theosis (Eastern Christian theology)">Theosis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Theotokos</a></i></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theological_differences_between_the_Catholic_Church_and_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Theological differences between the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church">Differences from the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_teaching_regarding_the_Filioque" title="Eastern Orthodox teaching regarding the Filioque">Opposition to the Filioque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_opposition_to_papal_supremacy" title="Eastern Orthodox opposition to papal supremacy">Opposition to papal supremacy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_worship" title="Eastern Orthodox worship">Liturgy and worship</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy" title="Divine Liturgy">Divine Liturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Service_(Eastern_Orthodoxy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine Service (Eastern Orthodoxy)">Divine Services</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akathist" title="Akathist">Akathist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apolytikion" title="Apolytikion">Apolytikion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artos" title="Artos">Artos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ectenia" title="Ectenia">Ectenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euchologion" title="Euchologion">Euchologion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_water_in_Eastern_Christianity" title="Holy water in Eastern Christianity">Holy Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iconostasis" title="Iconostasis">Iconostasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_Prayer" title="Jesus Prayer">Jesus Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kontakion" title="Kontakion">Kontakion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entrance_(liturgical)" title="Entrance (liturgical)">Liturgical entrances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_fan_in_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Liturgical fan in the Eastern Orthodox Church">Liturgical fans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lity_in_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Lity in the Eastern Orthodox Church">Lity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_service_in_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Memorial service in the Eastern Orthodox Church">Memorial service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_Eternal" title="Memory Eternal">Memory Eternal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omophorion" title="Omophorion">Omophorion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowing_in_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Bowing in the Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox bowing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Marriage in the Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praxis_(Byzantine_Rite)" title="Praxis (Byzantine Rite)">Praxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraklesis" title="Paraklesis">Paraklesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_greeting" title="Paschal greeting">Paschal greeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_Homily" title="Paschal Homily">Paschal Homily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_troparion" title="Paschal troparion">Paschal troparion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_rope" title="Prayer rope">Prayer rope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosphora" title="Prosphora">Prosphora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_bell_ringing" title="Russian Orthodox bell ringing">Russian bell ringing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantron" title="Semantron">Semantron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sign_of_the_cross#Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Sign of the cross">Sign of the cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sticheron" title="Sticheron">Sticheron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troparion" title="Troparion">Troparion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestment#Byzantine_Rite" title="Vestment">Vestments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurible#Byzantine_Rite" title="Thurible">Use of incense</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_liturgical_calendar" title="Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar">Liturgical calendar</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_cycle" title="Paschal cycle">Paschal cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_feasts_in_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Great feasts in the Eastern Orthodox Church">12 Great Feasts</a></li> <li>Other feasts:</li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Orthodoxy" title="Feast of Orthodoxy">Feast of Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercession_of_the_Theotokos" title="Intercession of the Theotokos">Intercession of the Theotokos</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li>The four fasting periods:</li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_Fast" title="Nativity Fast">Nativity Fast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lent" title="Great Lent">Great Lent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles%27_Fast" title="Apostles' Fast">Apostles' Fast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dormition_of_the_Mother_of_God" title="Dormition of the Mother of God">Dormition</a> Fast</li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Major figures</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrem_the_Syrian" title="Ephrem the Syrian">Ephrem the Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_of_Caesarea" title="Basil of Caesarea">Basil of Caesarea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem" title="Cyril of Jerusalem">Cyril of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory of Nazianzus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Climacus" title="John Climacus">John Climacus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_the_Studite" title="Theodore the Studite">Theodore the Studite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassia" title="Kassia">Kassiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_and_Methodius" title="Cyril and Methodius">Cyril and Methodius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photios_I_of_Constantinople" title="Photios I of Constantinople">Photios I of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Palamas" title="Gregory Palamas">Gregory Palamas</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Other topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_church_architecture" title="Eastern Orthodox church architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_Orthodoxy" title="Folk Orthodoxy">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyclical_of_the_Eastern_Patriarchs" title="Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs">Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_cross" title="Russian Orthodox cross">Eastern Orthodox cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Eastern_Orthodox_saint_titles" title="List of Eastern Orthodox saint titles">Saint titles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_by_country" title="Eastern Orthodoxy by country">Statistics by country</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Eastern_Orthodox_Church_sidebar" title="Template:Eastern Orthodox Church sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Eastern_Orthodox_Church_sidebar" title="Template talk:Eastern Orthodox Church sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Eastern_Orthodox_Church_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Eastern Orthodox Church sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Bulgarian Orthodox Church</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a>: <span lang="bg">Българска православна църква</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Bulgarian" title="Romanization of Bulgarian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Bulgarian-language romanization"><i lang="bg-Latn">Bûlgarska pravoslavna cûrkva</i></span>), legally the <b><a href="/wiki/Patriarchate" title="Patriarchate">Patriarchate</a> of Bulgaria</b> (Bulgarian: <span lang="bg">Българска патриаршия</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Bulgarian-language romanization"><i lang="bg-Latn">Bûlgarska patriarshiya</i></span>), is an <a href="/wiki/Autocephalous" class="mw-redirect" title="Autocephalous">autocephalous</a> <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox jurisdiction</a> based in <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>. It is the first medieval recognised patriarchate outside the <a href="/wiki/Pentarchy" title="Pentarchy">Pentarchy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_the_Slavs" title="Christianization of the Slavs">oldest Slavic Orthodox church</a>, with some 6 million members in <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> and between 1.5 and 2 million members in a number of other <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> countries, <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>. It was recognized as autocephalous in 1945 by the <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Christianity">Early Christianity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Christianity" title="Spread of Christianity">Spread of Christianity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_1st_century" title="Christianity in the 1st century">Christianity in the 1st century</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Christianity</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Early_centers_of_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Early centers of Christianity">Early centers of Christianity</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_early_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="History of early Christianity">History of early Christianity</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:StGeorgeRotundaSofia.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/StGeorgeRotundaSofia.JPG/250px-StGeorgeRotundaSofia.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/StGeorgeRotundaSofia.JPG/375px-StGeorgeRotundaSofia.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/StGeorgeRotundaSofia.JPG/500px-StGeorgeRotundaSofia.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>St. George Rotunda Church (4th century AD), <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Basilica_of_Hagia_Sofia,_Bulgaria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Basilica_of_Hagia_Sofia%2C_Bulgaria.jpg/250px-Basilica_of_Hagia_Sofia%2C_Bulgaria.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Basilica_of_Hagia_Sofia%2C_Bulgaria.jpg/375px-Basilica_of_Hagia_Sofia%2C_Bulgaria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Basilica_of_Hagia_Sofia%2C_Bulgaria.jpg/500px-Basilica_of_Hagia_Sofia%2C_Bulgaria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Saint_Sophia_Church,_Sofia" title="Saint Sophia Church, Sofia">Saint Sofia Basilica Church (4th–6th century)</a>, Sofia</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NessebarVieilleMetropole.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/NessebarVieilleMetropole.jpg/250px-NessebarVieilleMetropole.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/NessebarVieilleMetropole.jpg/375px-NessebarVieilleMetropole.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/NessebarVieilleMetropole.jpg/500px-NessebarVieilleMetropole.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hagia_Sophia_Church,_Nesebar" title="Hagia Sophia Church, Nesebar">Saint Sophia Basilica Church</a> (5th–6th century), <a href="/wiki/Nesebar" title="Nesebar">Nesebar</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Bulgarian Orthodox Church has its origin in the flourishing Christian communities and churches established in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Europe" title="Southeast Europe">Southeast Europe</a> as early as the first centuries of the Christian era. Christianity was brought to the <a href="/wiki/Thracians" title="Thracians">Thracian lands</a> by the apostles <a href="/wiki/Apostle_Paul" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostle Paul">Paul</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apostle_Andrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostle Andrew">Andrew</a> in the 1st century AD, when the first organised Christian communities were formed. By the beginning of the 4th century, Christianity had become the dominant religion in the region. Towns such as Serdica (<a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a>), <a href="/wiki/Philippopolis_(Thrace)" title="Philippopolis (Thrace)">Philipopolis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Plovdiv" title="Plovdiv">Plovdiv</a>), Odessus (<a href="/wiki/Varna,_Bulgaria" title="Varna, Bulgaria">Varna</a>), Dorostorum (<a href="/wiki/Silistra" title="Silistra">Silistra</a>) and Adrianople (<a href="/wiki/Edirne" title="Edirne">Edirne</a>) were significant centres of Christianity in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Saint_Athanasius" title="Monastery of Saint Athanasius">Monastery of Saint Athanasius</a>, the first Christian monastery in Europe, was founded in <a href="/wiki/Thrace" title="Thrace">Thrace</a> in 344 by <a href="/wiki/Saint_Athanasius" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Athanasius">Saint Athanasius</a> near modern-day <a href="/wiki/Chirpan" title="Chirpan">Chirpan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, following the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Serdica" title="Council of Serdica">Council of Serdica</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Serdica" title="Edict of Serdica">Edict of Serdica</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The raids and incursions into the Roman provinces in the 4th and the 5th centuries brought considerable damage to the ecclesiastical organisation of the Christian Church in the Bulgarian lands, yet did not destroy it. <a href="/wiki/Kubrat" title="Kubrat">Kubrat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Organa" title="Organa">Organa</a> were both baptized together in Constantinople and from the surviving Christian communities, Christianity made inroads with local Bulgar-Slavic people. By the middle of the 9th century, the majority of the <a href="/wiki/Early_Slavs" title="Early Slavs">early Slavs</a>, especially those living in <a href="/wiki/Thrace" title="Thrace">Thrace</a> and <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(region)" title="Macedonia (region)">Macedonia</a> under Eastern Roman rule, were Christianized. The Christian religion also enjoyed some success among the <a href="/wiki/Bulgars" title="Bulgars">Bulgar</a> nobility, with recorded conversions among that group. However, it was not until the official adoption of <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> by the <a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">First Bulgarian Empire</a> during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Boris_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Boris I of Bulgaria">Boris I</a> in 865 that an independent Bulgarian ecclesiastical entity was established. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Establishment">Establishment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Establishment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Bulgaria" title="Christianization of Bulgaria">Christianization of Bulgaria</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Boris_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Boris I of Bulgaria">Boris I</a> believed that cultural advancement and the sovereignty and prestige of a Christian Bulgaria could be achieved through an enlightened clergy governed by an autocephalous church. To this end, he manoeuvred between the Patriarch of Constantinople and the Roman Pope for a period of five years until in 870 AD, the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Council_of_Constantinople_(Eastern_Orthodox)" title="Fourth Council of Constantinople (Eastern Orthodox)">Fourth Council of Constantinople</a> granted the Bulgarians an autonomous Bulgarian archbishopric. The archbishopric had its seat in the Bulgarian capital of <a href="/wiki/Pliska" title="Pliska">Pliska</a>, and its diocese covered the whole territory of the <a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">Bulgarian state</a>. The tug-of-war between Rome and Constantinople was resolved by placing the Bulgarian archbishopric under the jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarch of Constantinople">Patriarch of Constantinople</a>, from whom it obtained its first primate, its clergy, and theological books. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St._Theodor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/St._Theodor.jpg/250px-St._Theodor.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/St._Theodor.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="373" data-file-height="447" /></a><figcaption>Ceramic icon of St. Theodor, Preslav, ca. 900 AD, National Archaeological Museum, Sofia</figcaption></figure> <p>Although the archbishopric enjoyed full internal autonomy, the goals of <a href="/wiki/Boris_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Boris I of Bulgaria">Boris I</a> were scarcely fulfilled. A <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> liturgy offered by a <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> clergy furthered neither the cultural development of the Bulgarians, nor the consolidation of the Bulgarian Empire; it would have eventually resulted in the loss of both the identity of the people and the statehood of Bulgaria.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (May 2024)">according to whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Following the Byzantine theory of <i>"Imperium sine Patriarcha non staret",</i> which said that a close relation should exist between an Empire and Patriarchate, Boris I greeted the arrival of the disciples of the recently deceased <a href="/wiki/Saints_Cyril_and_Methodius" class="mw-redirect" title="Saints Cyril and Methodius">Saints Cyril and Methodius</a> in 886 as an opportunity. Boris I tasked them with the instruction of the future Bulgarian clergy in the <a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Glagolitic alphabet">Glagolitic alphabet</a> and the Slavonic liturgy prepared by <a href="/wiki/Saints_Cyril_and_Methodius" class="mw-redirect" title="Saints Cyril and Methodius">Cyril</a>. The liturgy was based on the vernacular of the early Slavs from the region of <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a>. In 893, Boris I expelled the Greek clergy from the country and ordered the Greek language to be replaced with the Slav-Bulgarian vernacular. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autocephaly_and_Patriarchate">Autocephaly and Patriarchate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Autocephaly and Patriarchate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_All_Bulgaria" title="Patriarch of All Bulgaria">Patriarch of All Bulgaria</a></div> <p>Following Bulgaria's two decisive victories over the Byzantines at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Acheloos" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Acheloos">Acheloos</a> (near the present-day city of <a href="/wiki/Pomorie" title="Pomorie">Pomorie</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Katasyrtai" title="Battle of Katasyrtai">Katasyrtai</a> (near <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>), the government declared the autonomous Bulgarian Archbishopric as autocephalous and elevated it to the rank of <a href="/wiki/Patriarchate" title="Patriarchate">Patriarchate</a> at an ecclesiastical and national council held in 919. After Bulgaria and the Byzantine Empire signed a peace treaty in 927 that concluded the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Bulgarian_war_of_913%E2%80%93927" title="Byzantine–Bulgarian war of 913–927">20-year-long war</a> between them, the Patriarchate of Constantinople recognised the autocephalous status of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church and acknowledged its patriarchal dignity.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Bulgarian Patriarchate was the first autocephalous Slavic Orthodox Church, preceding the autocephaly of the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbian Orthodox Church</a> (1219) by 292 years and of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a> (1596) by 662 years. It was the sixth Patriarchate after the <a href="/wiki/Pentarchy" title="Pentarchy">Pentarchy</a> patriarchates of Rome, Constantinople, <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>. The seat of the Patriarchate was the new Bulgarian capital of <a href="/wiki/Preslav" class="mw-redirect" title="Preslav">Preslav</a>. The Patriarch was likely to have resided in the town of Drastar (<a href="/wiki/Silistra" title="Silistra">Silistra</a>), an old Christian centre noted for its martyrs and Christian traditions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ohrid_Archbishopric">Ohrid Archbishopric</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ohrid Archbishopric"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="padding-top:0.4em;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Bulgarian_people" title="Category:Bulgarian people">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:175%; line-height:1.0em; padding-bottom:0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarians" title="Bulgarians">Bulgarians</a><br /><span class="nobold">Българи</span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="border:none; padding:0.6em 0.4em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Bulgaria"><img alt="Coat of arms of Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg/130px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg/195px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg/260px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="679" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Bulgaria" title="Culture of Bulgaria">Culture</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_literature" title="Bulgarian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bulgaria" title="Music of Bulgaria">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Bulgaria#Visual_art" title="Culture of Bulgaria">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bulgaria" title="Cinema of Bulgaria">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_name" title="Bulgarian name">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_cuisine" title="Bulgarian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_folk_dance" title="Bulgarian folk dance">Dances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_national_garb" title="Bulgarian national garb">Costume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Bulgaria" title="Sport in Bulgaria">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Bulgaria" title="Public holidays in Bulgaria">Public holidays in Bulgaria</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> By country</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarians_in_Albania" title="Bulgarians in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Australians" title="Bulgarian Australians">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Canadians" title="Bulgarian Canadians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarians_in_Croatia" title="Bulgarians in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarians_in_Czechoslovakia" title="Bulgarians in Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarians_in_France" title="Bulgarians in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarians_in_Germany" title="Bulgarians in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_speakers_of_Greek_Macedonia" title="Slavic speakers of Greek Macedonia">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarians_in_Hungary" title="Bulgarians in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarians_in_Italy" title="Bulgarians in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarians_in_Kazakhstan" title="Bulgarians in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarians_in_Lebanon" title="Bulgarians in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarians_in_North_Macedonia" title="Bulgarians in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarians_in_Romania" title="Bulgarians in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarians_in_Serbia" title="Bulgarians in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarians_in_Spain" title="Bulgarians in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarians_in_South_America" title="Bulgarians in South America">South America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Brazilians" title="Bulgarian Brazilians">Brazil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarians_in_Turkey" title="Bulgarians in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarians_in_Ukraine" title="Bulgarians in Ukraine">Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Bulgarians" title="Crimean Bulgarians">Crimea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Bulgarians in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Americans" title="Bulgarian Americans">United States</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> Subgroups</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_Bulgarians" title="Anatolian Bulgarians">Anatolian Bulgarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banat_Bulgarians" title="Banat Bulgarians">Banat Bulgarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessarabian_Bulgarians" title="Bessarabian Bulgarians">Bessarabian Bulgarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobrujan_Bulgarians" title="Dobrujan Bulgarians">Dobrujan Bulgarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Bulgarians" title="Macedonian Bulgarians">Macedonian Bulgarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomaks" title="Pomaks">Pomaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C8%98chei" title="Șchei">Șchei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopi" title="Shopi">Shopi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracian_Bulgarians" title="Thracian Bulgarians">Thracian Bulgarians</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bulgaria" title="Religion in Bulgaria">Religion</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bulgarian Orthodox Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Muslims" title="Bulgarian Muslims">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Bulgaria" title="Catholic Church in Bulgaria">Catholic Church</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Bulgarian Greek Catholic Church">Greek-Catholics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Bulgaria" title="Protestantism in Bulgaria">Protestant denominations</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> Language</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_dialects" title="Bulgarian dialects">Dialects</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_dialects_of_Bulgarian" title="Balkan dialects of Bulgarian">Balkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banat_Bulgarian_dialect" title="Banat Bulgarian dialect">Banat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rup_dialects" title="Rup dialects">Ruptsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torlakian_dialects" title="Torlakian dialects">Torlakian</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> Other</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bulgarians" title="List of Bulgarians">List of Bulgarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_of_Bulgarian_descent" title="Category:People of Bulgarian descent">People of Bulgarian descent</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-top:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bulgarians" title="Template:Bulgarians"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bulgarians" title="Template talk:Bulgarians"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bulgarians" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bulgarians"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Archbishopric_of_Ohrid" title="Archbishopric of Ohrid">Archbishopric of Ohrid</a></div> <p>On April 5, 972, Byzantine Emperor <a href="/wiki/John_I_Tzimisces" class="mw-redirect" title="John I Tzimisces">John I Tzimisces</a> conquered and burned down <a href="/wiki/Preslav" class="mw-redirect" title="Preslav">Preslav</a>, and captured Bulgarian <a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">Tsar</a> <a href="/wiki/Boris_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Boris II">Boris II</a>. Patriarch Damyan managed to escape, initially to Sredetz (<a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a>) in western Bulgaria. In the coming years, the residence of the Bulgarian patriarchs remained closely connected to the developments in the war between the next Bulgarian royal dynasty, the <i><a href="/wiki/Comitopuli" class="mw-redirect" title="Comitopuli">Comitopuli</a></i>, and the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>. Patriarch German resided consecutively in the medieval Bulgarian cities of Maglen (<a href="/wiki/Almopia" title="Almopia">Almopia</a>) and Voden (<a href="/wiki/Edessa,_Greece" title="Edessa, Greece">Edessa</a>) (both in present-day north-western <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>), and Prespa (in present-day southern <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a>). Around 990, the next patriarch, Philip, moved to <a href="/wiki/Ohrid" title="Ohrid">Ohrid</a> (in present-day south-western <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a>), which became the permanent seat of the Patriarchate. </p><p>After Bulgaria fell under Byzantine domination in 1018, Emperor <a href="/wiki/Basil_II" title="Basil II">Basil II</a> <i>Bulgaroktonos</i> (the “Bulgar-Slayer”) acknowledged the autocephalous status of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church. By special charters (royal decrees), his government set up its boundaries, dioceses, property and other privileges. He deprived the church of its Patriarchal title and reduced it to the rank of an archbishopric. Although the first appointed archbishop (<a href="/wiki/John_of_Debar" title="John of Debar">John of Debar</a>) was a Bulgarian, his selected successors, as well as the whole higher clergy, were <a href="/wiki/Byzantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine">Byzantine</a>. The monks and the ordinary priests continued to be predominantly Bulgarian. To a large extent the archbishopric preserved its national character, upheld Slavonic liturgy, and continued its contribution to the development of Bulgarian literature. The autocephaly of the <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Archbishopric_of_Ohrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgarian Archbishopric of Ohrid">Ohrid Archbishopric</a> remained respected during the periods of Byzantine, Bulgarian, Serbian, and <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> rule. The church continued to exist until it was abolished in 1767 by the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> which ruled its territory at the time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tarnovo_Patriarchate">Tarnovo Patriarchate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Tarnovo Patriarchate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tarnovo_Patriarchate" title="Tarnovo Patriarchate">Tarnovo Patriarchate</a></div> <p>As a result of the successful uprising of the brothers <a href="/wiki/Peter_IV_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter IV of Bulgaria">Peter IV</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Asen_I" title="Ivan Asen I">Ivan Asen I</a> in 1185/1186, the foundations of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Bulgarian_Empire" title="Second Bulgarian Empire">Second Bulgarian Empire</a> were laid with <a href="/wiki/Tarnovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarnovo">Tarnovo</a> as its capital. Following <a href="/wiki/Boris_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Boris I of Bulgaria">Boris I</a>’s principle that the sovereignty of the state is inextricably linked to the autocephaly of the Church, the two brothers immediately took steps to restore the <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Patriarchate" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgarian Patriarchate">Bulgarian Patriarchate</a>. They initially established an independent archbishopric in Tarnovo in 1186. It required almost 50 years of struggle for this archbishporic to receive recognition and elevation to the rank of a Patriarchate according to the canonical order.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the example of <a href="/wiki/Boris_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Boris I">Boris I</a>, Bulgarian <a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">Tsar</a> <a href="/wiki/Kaloyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaloyan">Kaloyan</a> manoeuvred for years between the Patriarch of Constantinople and <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_III" title="Pope Innocent III">Pope Innocent III</a>. Finally in 1203 the latter proclaimed the Tarnovo Archbishop Vassily "<a href="/wiki/Primate_(bishop)" title="Primate (bishop)">Primate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">Archbishop</a> of all Bulgaria and Walachia." The union with the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a> continued for well over two decades. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ivan_ALexander_and_his_family_Tetraevangelia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Ivan_ALexander_and_his_family_Tetraevangelia.jpg/250px-Ivan_ALexander_and_his_family_Tetraevangelia.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="357" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Ivan_ALexander_and_his_family_Tetraevangelia.jpg/375px-Ivan_ALexander_and_his_family_Tetraevangelia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Ivan_ALexander_and_his_family_Tetraevangelia.jpg/500px-Ivan_ALexander_and_his_family_Tetraevangelia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="948" data-file-height="1354" /></a><figcaption>Tsar Ivan Alexander (1331-1371), an illustration from the Four Gospels of Tsar Ivan Alexander (the <i>London Gospel</i>), ca. 1356, the British Library</figcaption></figure> <p>Under the reign of <a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">Tsar</a> <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Asen_II" title="Ivan Asen II">Ivan Asen II</a> (1218–1241), conditions were created for the termination of the union with Rome and for the recognition of the autocephalous status of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church. In 1235 a church council was convened in the town of <a href="/wiki/Lampsakos" class="mw-redirect" title="Lampsakos">Lampsakos</a>. Under the presidency of <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Germanus_II_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarch Germanus II of Constantinople">Patriarch Germanus II of Constantinople</a> and with the consent of all Eastern Patriarchs, the council confirmed the <a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarchal</a> dignity of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church and consecrated the Bulgarian archbishop German as <a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarch</a>. </p><p>Despite a reduction in size of the boundaries of the diocese of the <a href="/wiki/Tarnovo_Patriarchate" title="Tarnovo Patriarchate">Tarnovo Patriarchate</a> at the end of the 13th century, its authority in the Eastern Orthodox world remained high. The Patriarch of Tarnovo confirmed the patriarchal dignity of the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbian Orthodox Church</a> in 1346, despite protests by the <a href="/wiki/Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarchate of Constantinople">Patriarchate of Constantinople</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Tarnovo_Literary_School" title="Tarnovo Literary School">Tarnovo Literary School</a> developed under the wing of the Patriarchate in the 14th century, with scholars of the rank of <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Evtimiy" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarch Evtimiy">Patriarch Evtimiy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Tsamblak" title="Gregory Tsamblak">Gregory Tsamblak</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_of_Kostenets" class="mw-redirect" title="Konstantin of Kostenets">Konstantin of Kostenets</a>. A considerable flowering was noted in the fields of literature, <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Tarnovo_Artistic_School" title="Architecture of the Tarnovo Artistic School">architecture</a>, and painting; the religious and theological literature also flourished. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ottoman_rule">Ottoman rule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ottoman rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Tarnovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarnovo">Tarnovo</a> fell under domination by the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> in 1393. The Ottomans sent <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Evtimiy" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarch Evtimiy">Patriarch Evtimiy</a> into exile and the autocephaly of the church was revoked the next year. The church was organizationally integrated into the Ecumenical Patriarchate. In 1394, the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Synod" title="Holy Synod">Holy Synod</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate">Ecumenical Patriarchate</a> gave the authorisation to the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_bishop" title="Metropolitan bishop">Metropolitan</a> of <a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a>, Jeremiah, "to move with the help of God to the holy Church of Turnovo and to be allowed to perform everything befitting a prelate freely and without restraint." By around 1416, the territory of the Patriarchate of Turnovo was totally subordinated to the Ecumenical Patriarchate. The other Bulgarian religious centre – the <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Archbishopric_of_Ohrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgarian Archbishopric of Ohrid">Ohrid Archbishopric</a> –  survived until 1767.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Martyr.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/George_Martyr.JPG/250px-George_Martyr.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/George_Martyr.JPG/375px-George_Martyr.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/George_Martyr.JPG/500px-George_Martyr.JPG 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="717" /></a><figcaption>St. George, the Newmartyr of Sofia, icon from the 19th century</figcaption></figure> <p>Following the execution of many leaders of the Bulgarian orthodox church, it was fully subordinated to the <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarch_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople">Patriarch of Constantinople</a>. The millet system in the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> granted a number of important civil and judicial functions to the Patriarch of Constantinople and the diocesan metropolitans. After the higher-ranking Bulgarian church clerics were replaced by Greek ones at the beginning of the Ottoman period, the Bulgarian population was subjected to double oppression – politically by the Ottomans and culturally by the Greek clergy. With the rise of Greek nationalism in the second half of the 18th century, the clergy imposed the <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek language</a> and a Greek consciousness on the emerging Bulgarian bourgeoisie. They used the Patriarchate of Constantinople to assimilate other peoples. At the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th century, the clergy opened numerous schools utilizing the <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek language</a> rather than the Bulgarian language as their medium of instruction; they nearly banned Bulgarian-language liturgy. These actions threatened the survival of the Bulgarians as a separate nation and people with its own, distinct national culture. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Throughout the centuries of Ottoman domination, Orthodox monasteries were instrumental in the preservation of the Bulgarian language and Bulgarian national consciousness. Especially important were the <a href="/wiki/Zograph_Monastery" class="mw-redirect" title="Zograph Monastery">Zograph</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hilandar_Monastery" class="mw-redirect" title="Hilandar Monastery">Hilandar</a> monasteries on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Athos" title="Mount Athos">Mount Athos</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Rila_Monastery" title="Rila Monastery">Rila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Troyan_Monastery" title="Troyan Monastery">Troyan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Etropole_Monastery" title="Etropole Monastery">Etropole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dryanovo_Monastery" title="Dryanovo Monastery">Dryanovo</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cherepish_Monastery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cherepish Monastery (page does not exist)">Cherepish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dragalevtsi_Monastery" title="Dragalevtsi Monastery">Dragalevtsi</a> monasteries in Bulgaria. The monks managed to preserve their national character in the monasteries, continuing traditions of the Slavonic liturgy and Bulgarian literature. They continued to operate monastery schools and carried out other educational activities, which managed to keep the flame of the Bulgarian culture burning. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bulgarian_Exarchate">Bulgarian Exarchate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bulgarian Exarchate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Exarchate" title="Bulgarian Exarchate">Bulgarian Exarchate</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arbanasi_Architectural_Preserve.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Arbanasi_Architectural_Preserve.jpg/250px-Arbanasi_Architectural_Preserve.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Arbanasi_Architectural_Preserve.jpg/375px-Arbanasi_Architectural_Preserve.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Arbanasi_Architectural_Preserve.jpg/500px-Arbanasi_Architectural_Preserve.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>A 17th-century church in <a href="/wiki/Arbanasi,_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Arbanasi, Bulgaria">Arbanasi</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1762, St. <a href="/wiki/Paisius_of_Hilendar" title="Paisius of Hilendar">Paisius of Hilendar</a> (1722–1773), a monk from the southwestern Bulgarian town of <a href="/wiki/Bansko" title="Bansko">Bansko</a>, wrote a short historical work. It was the first work written in the modern Bulgarian <a href="/wiki/Vernacular" title="Vernacular">vernacular</a> and was also the first call for a national awakening. In <i><a href="/wiki/Istoriya_Slavyanobolgarskaya" title="Istoriya Slavyanobolgarskaya">History of Slav-Bulgarians</a></i>, Paissiy urged his compatriots to throw off subjugation to the Greek language and culture. The example of Paissiy was followed by a number of other <a href="/wiki/Activists" class="mw-redirect" title="Activists">activists</a>, including St. Sophroniy of Vratsa (<a href="/wiki/Sofroni_Vrachanski" class="mw-redirect" title="Sofroni Vrachanski">Sofroni Vrachanski</a>) (1739–1813), hieromonk Spiridon of Gabrovo, hieromonk <a href="/wiki/Yoakim_Karchovski" title="Yoakim Karchovski">Yoakim Karchovski</a> (d. 1820), hieromonk <a href="/wiki/Kiril_Peychinovich" title="Kiril Peychinovich">Kiril Peychinovich</a> (d. 1845). </p><p>Discontent with the supremacy of the Greek clergy started to flare up in several Bulgarian dioceses as early as the 1820s. However, it was not until 1850 that the Bulgarians purposefully struggled against the Greek clerics in a number of bishoprics, demanding their replacement with Bulgarian ones. By that time, most Bulgarian clergy had realised that further struggle for the rights of the <a href="/wiki/Bulgarians" title="Bulgarians">Bulgarians</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> could not succeed unless they managed to obtain some degree of autonomy from the <a href="/wiki/Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarchate of Constantinople">Patriarchate of Constantinople</a>. As the Ottomans identified nationality with religion, and the Bulgarians were Eastern Orthodox, the Ottomans considered them part of the <i>Roum-Milet</i>, i.e., the Greeks. To gain Bulgarian schools and liturgy, the Bulgarians needed to achieve an independent ecclesiastical organisation. </p><p>The struggle between the Bulgarians, led by <a href="/wiki/Neofit_Bozveli" title="Neofit Bozveli">Neofit Bozveli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ilarion_Makariopolski" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilarion Makariopolski">Ilarion Makariopolski</a>, and the Greeks intensified throughout the 1860s. By the end of the decade, Bulgarian bishoprics had expelled most of the Greek clerics. Thus the whole of northern Bulgaria, as well as the northern parts of <a href="/wiki/Thrace" title="Thrace">Thrace</a> and <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(region)" title="Macedonia (region)">Macedonia</a> had effectively seceded from the Patriarchate. The Ottoman government restored the Bulgarian Patriarchate under the name of "<a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Exarchate" title="Bulgarian Exarchate">Bulgarian Exarchate</a>" by a decree (<i><a href="/wiki/Firman_(decree)" class="mw-redirect" title="Firman (decree)">firman</a></i>) of the <a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultan</a> promulgated on February 28, 1870. The original Exarchate extended over present-day northern Bulgaria (<a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesia</a>), <a href="/wiki/Thrace" title="Thrace">Thrace</a> without the <a href="/wiki/Vilayet_of_Adrianople" class="mw-redirect" title="Vilayet of Adrianople">Vilayet of Adrianople</a>, as well as over north-eastern <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(region)" title="Macedonia (region)">Macedonia</a>. After the Christian population of the bishoprics of <a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ohrid" title="Ohrid">Ohrid</a> voted in 1874 overwhelmingly in favour of joining the Exarchate (Skopje by 91%, Ohrid by 97%), the <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Exarchate" title="Bulgarian Exarchate">Bulgarian Exarchate</a> became in control of the whole of <a href="/wiki/Vardar_Macedonia" title="Vardar Macedonia">Vardar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pirin_Macedonia" title="Pirin Macedonia">Pirin Macedonia</a>. The Bulgarian Exarchate was partially represented in <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(Greece)" title="Macedonia (Greece)">southern Macedonia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Vilayet_of_Adrianople" class="mw-redirect" title="Vilayet of Adrianople">Vilayet of Adrianople</a> by vicars. Thus, the borders of the Exarchate included all Bulgarian districts in the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bulgarian-Exarchate-1870-1913.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Bulgarian-Exarchate-1870-1913.jpg/250px-Bulgarian-Exarchate-1870-1913.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Bulgarian-Exarchate-1870-1913.jpg/375px-Bulgarian-Exarchate-1870-1913.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Bulgarian-Exarchate-1870-1913.jpg/500px-Bulgarian-Exarchate-1870-1913.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1576" data-file-height="1580" /></a><figcaption>Map of the Bulgarian Exarchate (1870–1913).</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarchate of Constantinople">Patriarchate of Constantinople</a> opposed the change, promptly declaring the <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Exarchate" title="Bulgarian Exarchate">Bulgarian Exarchate</a> schismatic and its adherents <a href="/wiki/Heretics" class="mw-redirect" title="Heretics">heretics</a>. Although the status and the guiding principles of the Exarchate reflected the canons, the Patriarchate argued that “surrender of <a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy" title="Orthodoxy">Orthodoxy</a> to ethnic nationalism” was essentially a manifestation of <a href="/wiki/Heresy" title="Heresy">heresy</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Nov 2009 (November 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The first Bulgarian Exarch was <a href="/wiki/Antim_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Antim I">Antim I</a>, who was elected by the Holy Synod of the Exarchate in February, 1872. He was discharged by the Ottoman government immediately after the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War,_1877-78" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Turkish War, 1877-78">Russo-Turkish War</a> on April 24, 1877, and was sent into exile in <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>. His successor, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Joseph I of Bulgaria">Joseph I</a>, managed to develop and considerably extend its church and school network in the Bulgarian Principality, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Rumelia" title="Eastern Rumelia">Eastern Rumelia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(region)" title="Macedonia (region)">Macedonia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Adrianople_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Adrianople Vilayet">Adrianople Vilayet</a>. In 1895, the <a href="/wiki/Tarnovo_Constitution" title="Tarnovo Constitution">Tarnovo Constitution</a> formally established the Bulgarian Orthodox Church as the national religion of the nation. On the eve of the <a href="/wiki/Balkan_Wars" title="Balkan Wars">Balkan Wars</a>, in Macedonia and the <a href="/wiki/Adrianople_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Adrianople Vilayet">Adrianople Vilayet</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Exarchate" title="Bulgarian Exarchate">Bulgarian Exarchate</a> had seven dioceses with prelates and eight more with acting chairmen in charge and 38 vicariates; 1,218 parishes and 1,212 parish priests; 64 monasteries and 202 chapels; as well as of 1,373 schools with 2,266 teachers and 78,854 pupils. </p><p>In 1913, Exarch <a href="/wiki/Joseph_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Joseph I of Bulgaria">Joseph I</a> transferred his offices from <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> to <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a>; he died in 1915, a few months before Bulgaria fatefully opted to participate in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> alongside the <a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a>. As a consequence of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Neuilly-sur-Seine" title="Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine">Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine</a> in 1919, the Bulgarian Exarchate was deprived of its dioceses in <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(region)" title="Macedonia (region)">Macedonia</a> and Aegean <a href="/wiki/Thrace" title="Thrace">Thrace</a>. During the three decades after Joseph's death, the Bulgarian Orthodox Church did not elect a regular head because of opposition from the Bulgarian government.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 2">: 2 </span></sup> Between 1915 and 1945 the Church was governed by the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Synod" title="Holy Synod">Holy Synod</a>, similar to the <a href="/wiki/Most_Holy_Synod" title="Most Holy Synod">Most Holy Synod</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_restoration_of_the_Bulgarian_Patriarchate">Second restoration of the Bulgarian Patriarchate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Second restoration of the Bulgarian Patriarchate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_All_Bulgaria" title="Patriarch of All Bulgaria">Patriarch of All Bulgaria</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bulgaria-Alexander_Nevsky-02.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Bulgaria-Alexander_Nevsky-02.JPG/250px-Bulgaria-Alexander_Nevsky-02.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Bulgaria-Alexander_Nevsky-02.JPG/375px-Bulgaria-Alexander_Nevsky-02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Bulgaria-Alexander_Nevsky-02.JPG/500px-Bulgaria-Alexander_Nevsky-02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Sofia's patriarchal cathedral, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Nevsky_Cathedral,_Sofia" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, Sofia">St. Alexander Nevsky</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Conditions for the restoration of the Bulgarian Patriarchate and the election of a head of the Bulgarian Church were created after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1945 the schism was lifted and the Patriarch of Constantinople recognised the autocephaly of the Bulgarian Church. In 1950, the Holy Synod adopted a new Statute which paved the way for the restoration of the Patriarchate and in 1953, it elected the Metropolitan of Plovdiv, <a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Bulgaria" title="Cyril of Bulgaria">Cyril</a>, Bulgarian Patriarch.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the death of Patriarch Cyril in 1971, in his place was elected the Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Lovech" title="Lovech">Lovech</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maxim_of_Bulgaria" title="Maxim of Bulgaria">Maxim</a>, leading the church until his death in 2012. On 10 November 2012 Metropolitan Cyril of Varna and Veliki Preslav was chosen as interim leader to organize the election of the new Patriarch within four months.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the church council convened to elect a new Patriarch 24 February 2013, the Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Ruse,_Bulgaria" title="Ruse, Bulgaria">Ruse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neophyte_of_Bulgaria" title="Neophyte of Bulgaria">Neophyt</a> was elected Patriarch of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church with 90 votes against 47 for Metropolitan Gabriel of Lovech.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Patriarch_Maxim_of_Bulgaria_(2008).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Patriarch_Maxim_of_Bulgaria_%282008%29.jpg/250px-Patriarch_Maxim_of_Bulgaria_%282008%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Patriarch_Maxim_of_Bulgaria_%282008%29.jpg/375px-Patriarch_Maxim_of_Bulgaria_%282008%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Patriarch_Maxim_of_Bulgaria_%282008%29.jpg/500px-Patriarch_Maxim_of_Bulgaria_%282008%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3650" data-file-height="2480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Maxim_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarch Maxim of Bulgaria">Maxim</a>, the late <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarch of Bulgaria">Patriarch of Bulgaria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_bishop" title="Metropolitan bishop">Metropolitan</a> of Sofia.</figcaption></figure> <p>Under Communism (1944–89), Bulgaria's rulers worked to control rather than destroy the church. Still, the early postwar years were unsettling to church hierarchs. During 1944-47 the church was deprived of jurisdiction in marriage, divorce, issuance of birth and death certificates, and other passages that had been sacraments as well as state events. Communists removed study of the catechism and church history from school curricula. They generated anti-religious propaganda and persecuted some priests. 1947-49 was the apex of the campaign to intimidate the church. Bishop Boris was assassinated; Egumenius Kalistrat, administrator of the <a href="/wiki/Rila_Monastery" title="Rila Monastery">Rila Monastery</a>, was imprisoned; and various other clergy were murdered or charged with crimes against the state. The communists soon replaced all clergy who refused to endorse the regime's policies. They banished Exarch Stefan, who had co-authored a book in 1948 that was considered anti-Communist.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bulgarian_Orthodox_Priest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Bulgarian_Orthodox_Priest.jpg/200px-Bulgarian_Orthodox_Priest.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Bulgarian_Orthodox_Priest.jpg/300px-Bulgarian_Orthodox_Priest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Bulgarian_Orthodox_Priest.jpg/400px-Bulgarian_Orthodox_Priest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="665" data-file-height="1090" /></a><figcaption>Bulgarian Orthodox priest</figcaption></figure> <p>From that time until the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the end of Communist rule in 1989, the Bulgarian Orthodox Church and the <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Communist_Party" title="Bulgarian Communist Party">Bulgarian Communist Party</a> and State Security coexisted in a closely symbiotic partnership, in which each supported the other.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> 11 (out of 15) members of Bulgarian Orthodox Church's Holy Synod worked for <a href="/wiki/Committee_for_State_Security_(Bulgaria)" title="Committee for State Security (Bulgaria)">communist State Security</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party supported the elevation of the exarchate to the rank of patriarchate in May 1953. The 1970 commemoration served to recall that the exarchate (which retained its jurisdictional borders until after World War I) included Macedonia and Thrace in addition to present-day Bulgaria. Along with the wider Orthodox Church, the Bulgarian Orthodox Church originally did not recognize the autocephaly of the <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Orthodox_Church" title="Macedonian Orthodox Church">Macedonian Orthodox Church</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> since the latter's unilateral declaration of autocephaly in 1967. However, after the <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate">Ecumenical Patriarchate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbian Orthodox Church</a> restored communion with the Macedonian Church in May 2022, the Bulgarian Church followed suit on 22 June 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Canonical_status_and_organization">Canonical status and organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Canonical status and organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Bulgarian Orthodox Church considers itself an inseparable member of the one, holy, synodal and apostolic church and is organized as a self-governing body under the name of <a href="/wiki/Patriarchate" title="Patriarchate">Patriarchate</a>. It is divided into thirteen dioceses within the boundaries of the Republic of Bulgaria and has jurisdiction over additional two dioceses for Bulgarians in <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central Europe</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>. The dioceses of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church are divided into 58 church counties, which, in turn, are subdivided into some 2,600 parishes. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Holy_Synod_Palace_-_Sofia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Holy_Synod_Palace_-_Sofia.jpg/220px-Holy_Synod_Palace_-_Sofia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Holy_Synod_Palace_-_Sofia.jpg/330px-Holy_Synod_Palace_-_Sofia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Holy_Synod_Palace_-_Sofia.jpg/440px-Holy_Synod_Palace_-_Sofia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2374" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synodal_Palace,_Sofia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Synodal Palace, Sofia (page does not exist)">Synodal Palace, Sofia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The supreme clerical, judicial and administrative power for the whole domain of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church is exercised by the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Synod" title="Holy Synod">Holy Synod</a>, which includes the <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_All_Bulgaria" title="Patriarch of All Bulgaria">Patriarch</a> and the diocesan prelates, who are called <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_bishop" title="Metropolitan bishop">metropolitans</a>. Church life in the parishes is guided by the parish priests, numbering some 1,500. </p> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eparchies_of_the_Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Eparchies_of_the_Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church.png/250px-Eparchies_of_the_Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Eparchies_of_the_Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church.png/375px-Eparchies_of_the_Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Eparchies_of_the_Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church.png/500px-Eparchies_of_the_Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church.png 2x" data-file-width="1764" data-file-height="1118" /></a><figcaption> Eparchies of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church in Bulgaria</figcaption></figure> <p>Eparchies in Bulgaria: (with <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a> names in brackets) </p> <ul><li>Eparchy of <a href="/wiki/Vidin" title="Vidin">Vidin</a> (<span title="Bulgarian-language text"><span lang="bg">Видинска епархия</span></span>)</li> <li>Eparchy of <a href="/wiki/Vratsa" title="Vratsa">Vratsa</a> (<span title="Bulgarian-language text"><span lang="bg">Врачанска епархия</span></span>)</li> <li>Eparchy of <a href="/wiki/Lovech" title="Lovech">Lovech</a> (<span title="Bulgarian-language text"><span lang="bg">Ловешка епархия</span></span>)</li> <li>Eparchy of <a href="/wiki/Veliko_Tarnovo" title="Veliko Tarnovo">Veliko Tarnovo</a> (<span title="Bulgarian-language text"><span lang="bg">Търновска епархия</span></span>)</li> <li>Eparchy of <a href="/wiki/Silistra" title="Silistra">Dorostol</a> (<span title="Bulgarian-language text"><span lang="bg">Доростолска епархия</span></span>) (seat in <a href="/wiki/Silistra" title="Silistra">Silistra</a>)</li> <li>Eparchy of <a href="/wiki/Varna,_Bulgaria" title="Varna, Bulgaria">Varna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Veliki_Preslav" title="Veliki Preslav">Veliki Preslav</a> (<span title="Bulgarian-language text"><span lang="bg">Варненскa и Bеликопреславска епархия</span></span>) (seat in Varna)</li> <li>Eparchy of <a href="/wiki/Sliven" title="Sliven">Sliven</a> (<span title="Bulgarian-language text"><span lang="bg">Сливенска епархия</span></span>)</li> <li>Eparchy of <a href="/wiki/Stara_Zagora" title="Stara Zagora">Stara Zagora</a> (<span title="Bulgarian-language text"><span lang="bg">Старозагорска епархия</span></span>)</li> <li>Eparchy of <a href="/wiki/Plovdiv" title="Plovdiv">Plovdiv</a> (<span title="Bulgarian-language text"><span lang="bg">Пловдивска епархия</span></span>)</li> <li>Eparchy of <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a> (<span title="Bulgarian-language text"><span lang="bg">Софийска епархия</span></span>)</li> <li>Eparchy of <a href="/wiki/Gotse_Delchev_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gotse Delchev (town)">Nevrokop</a> (<span title="Bulgarian-language text"><span lang="bg">Неврокопска епархия</span></span>)</li> <li>Eparchy of <a href="/wiki/Pleven" title="Pleven">Pleven</a> (<span title="Bulgarian-language text"><span lang="bg">Плевенска епархия</span></span>)</li> <li>Eparchy of <a href="/wiki/Ruse,_Bulgaria" title="Ruse, Bulgaria">Ruse</a> (<span title="Bulgarian-language text"><span lang="bg">Русенска епархия</span></span>)</li></ul> <p>Eparchies abroad: </p> <ul><li>Eparchy of Central and Western Europe (with seat in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Eastern_Orthodox_Diocese_of_the_USA,_Canada_and_Australia" title="Bulgarian Eastern Orthodox Diocese of the USA, Canada and Australia">Eparchy of USA, Canada and Australia</a> (with seat in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>)</li></ul> <p>The Bulgarian Orthodox Church also has some 120 monasteries in Bulgaria, with about 2,000 <a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">monks</a> and nearly as many <a href="/wiki/Nun" title="Nun">nuns</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church_%E2%80%93_Alternative_synod" title="Bulgarian Orthodox Church – Alternative synod">Bulgarian Orthodox Church – Alternative synod</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKiminas2009" class="citation book cs1">Kiminas, Demetrius (2009-03-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QLWqXrW2X-8C&dq=927&pg=PA15"><i>The Ecumenical Patriarchate</i></a>. Wildside Press LLC. p. 15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4344-5876-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4344-5876-6"><bdi>978-1-4344-5876-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ecumenical+Patriarchate&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Wildside+Press+LLC&rft.date=2009-03-01&rft.isbn=978-1-4344-5876-6&rft.aulast=Kiminas&rft.aufirst=Demetrius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQLWqXrW2X-8C%26dq%3D927%26pg%3DPA15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarian+Orthodox+Church" class="Z3988"></span>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ecumenical Patriarchate, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ec-patr.org/dioceses.php?lang=gr&id=108">ECUMENICAL PATRIARCHATE-Patriarchate of Bulgaria</a> (in Greek), accessed 30 April 2020</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bnr.bg/radiobulgaria/post/100844993/chirpanskiat-manastir-svatanasii-nai-starata-obitel-v-evropa">"The Saint Athanasius Monastery of Chirpan, the oldest cloister in Europe"</a> (in Bulgarian). Bulgarian National Radio. 22 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Saint+Athanasius+Monastery+of+Chirpan%2C+the+oldest+cloister+in+Europe&rft.pub=Bulgarian+National+Radio&rft.date=2017-06-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbnr.bg%2Fradiobulgaria%2Fpost%2F100844993%2Fchirpanskiat-manastir-svatanasii-nai-starata-obitel-v-evropa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarian+Orthodox+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKiminas2009" class="citation book cs1">Kiminas, Demetrius (1 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QLWqXrW2X-8C&q=927&pg=PA15"><i>The Ecumenical Patriarchate</i></a>. Wildside Press LLC. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781434458766" title="Special:BookSources/9781434458766"><bdi>9781434458766</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2017</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ecumenical+Patriarchate&rft.pub=Wildside+Press+LLC&rft.date=2009-03-01&rft.isbn=9781434458766&rft.aulast=Kiminas&rft.aufirst=Demetrius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQLWqXrW2X-8C%26q%3D927%26pg%3DPA15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarian+Orthodox+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarvalho2017" class="citation book cs1">Carvalho, Joaquim (18 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jR98-Ata0CkC&q=927&pg=PT274"><i>Religion and Power in Europe: Conflict and Convergence</i></a>. Edizioni Plus. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788884924643" title="Special:BookSources/9788884924643"><bdi>9788884924643</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2017</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion+and+Power+in+Europe%3A+Conflict+and+Convergence&rft.pub=Edizioni+Plus&rft.date=2017-10-18&rft.isbn=9788884924643&rft.aulast=Carvalho&rft.aufirst=Joaquim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjR98-Ata0CkC%26q%3D927%26pg%3DPT274&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarian+Orthodox+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParry2010" class="citation book cs1">Parry, Ken (2010-05-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fWp9JA3aBvcC&q=archbishopric+in+Tarnovo+in+1186&pg=PA52"><i>The Blackwell Companion to Eastern Christianity</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 52–3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-3361-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-3361-9"><bdi>978-1-4443-3361-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Blackwell+Companion+to+Eastern+Christianity&rft.pages=52-3&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2010-05-10&rft.isbn=978-1-4443-3361-9&rft.aulast=Parry&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfWp9JA3aBvcC%26q%3Darchbishopric%2Bin%2BTarnovo%2Bin%2B1186%26pg%3DPA52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarian+Orthodox+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParry2010" class="citation book cs1">Parry, Ken (2010-05-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fWp9JA3aBvcC&q=archbishopric+in+Tarnovo+in+1186&pg=PA52"><i>The Blackwell Companion to Eastern Christianity</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 53–4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-3361-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-3361-9"><bdi>978-1-4443-3361-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Blackwell+Companion+to+Eastern+Christianity&rft.pages=53-4&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2010-05-10&rft.isbn=978-1-4443-3361-9&rft.aulast=Parry&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfWp9JA3aBvcC%26q%3Darchbishopric%2Bin%2BTarnovo%2Bin%2B1186%26pg%3DPA52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarian+Orthodox+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlf_Johansen1981" class="citation cs2">Alf Johansen (1981), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree/vol1/iss7/1">"The Bulgarian Orthodox Church"</a>, <i>Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe</i> (1:7)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occasional+Papers+on+Religion+in+Eastern+Europe&rft.atitle=The+Bulgarian+Orthodox+Church&rft.issue=1%3A7&rft.date=1981&rft.au=Alf+Johansen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.georgefox.edu%2Free%2Fvol1%2Fiss7%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarian+Orthodox+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKalkandjieva2002" class="citation journal cs1">Kalkandjieva, Daniela (2002). "The Restoration of the Patriarchal Dignity of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church". <i>Bulgarian Historical Review</i>. <b>3–4</b>: 188–206.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulgarian+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=The+Restoration+of+the+Patriarchal+Dignity+of+the+Bulgarian+Orthodox+Church&rft.volume=3-4&rft.pages=188-206&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Kalkandjieva&rft.aufirst=Daniela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarian+Orthodox+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daniela Kalkandjieva, 26. Balgarskata pravoslavna tsarkva i darzhavata, 1944-1953 [The Bulgarian Orthodox Church and the State], (Sofia: Albatros, 1997).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.novinite.com/view_news.php?id=145006">"Varna Bishop Kiril Chosen Interim Bulgarian Orthodox Patriarch"</a>. <i>Novinite.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Novinite.com&rft.atitle=Varna+Bishop+Kiril+Chosen+Interim+Bulgarian+Orthodox+Patriarch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.novinite.com%2Fview_news.php%3Fid%3D145006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarian+Orthodox+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dnevnik.bg/bulgaria/2013/02/24/2009064_neofit_e_noviiat_patriarh_na_bulgarskata_pravoslavna/">"Неофит е новият патриарх на Българската православна църква"</a>. <i>Dnevnik.bg</i>. 24 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dnevnik.bg&rft.atitle=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%82+%D0%B5+%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82+%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D1%86%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.date=2013-02-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnevnik.bg%2Fbulgaria%2F2013%2F02%2F24%2F2009064_neofit_e_noviiat_patriarh_na_bulgarskata_pravoslavna%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarian+Orthodox+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ramet, Pedro and Ramet, Sabrina P. <i>Religion and Nationalism in Soviet and East European Politics</i>, p. 20-21. <a href="/wiki/Duke_University_Press" title="Duke University Press">Duke University Press</a>, (1989), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8223-0891-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8223-0891-6">0-8223-0891-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sofiaecho.com/2012/01/17/1747052_eleven-out-of-15-members-of-bulgarian-orthodox-churchs-holy-synod-worked-for-communist-state-security">"Kapital Quarterly"</a>. <i>Sofiaecho.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sofiaecho.com&rft.atitle=Kapital+Quarterly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsofiaecho.com%2F2012%2F01%2F17%2F1747052_eleven-out-of-15-members-of-bulgarian-orthodox-churchs-holy-synod-worked-for-communist-state-security&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarian+Orthodox+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ramet, p. 21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orthochristian.com/146841.html">"Bulgarian Orthodox Church restores canonical communion with Church of Northern Macedonia"</a>. <i>OrthoChristian</i>. 22 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OrthoChristian&rft.atitle=Bulgarian+Orthodox+Church+restores+canonical+communion+with+Church+of+Northern+Macedonia&rft.date=2022-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Forthochristian.com%2F146841.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarian+Orthodox+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Bulgarian Orthodox Church">Bulgarian Orthodox Church</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bg-patriarshia.bg/">The official website of the Bulgarian Patriarchate</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pravoslavie.bg">Unofficial web portal of Bulgarian Orthodox Christianity: in Bulgarian language</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Bulgaria"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Bulgaria">"Bulgaria" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bulgaria&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarian+Orthodox+Church" class="Z3988"></span> History of Bulgaria and the Bulgarian Orthodox Church according to the <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i> (1913).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cnewa.org/eastern-christian-churches/toc/orthodox-church/the-autocephalous-churches/the-orthodox-church-of-bulgaria/">A short history of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church by CNEWA, the papal agency for humanitarian and pastoral support</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050322022341/http://philtar.ucsm.ac.uk/encyclopedia/christ/east/bulgorth.html">The Bulgarian Orthodox Church according to Overview of World Religions</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bulgarian-guide.com/about-bulgaria/bulgaria-religion/">Article about the Bulgarian Orthodox Church and Religion in Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141218042648/http://orthodoxlife.info/">Orthodox Life Info Portal</a>: a Bulgarian Orthodox site (in English)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111117213902/http://www.oeaw.ac.at/byzanz/repository/Popovic_Preiser_Hist96.pdf">Article on the medieval history of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church in the repository of the Institute for Byzantine Studies of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (in German)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Europe" title="Template:Eastern Orthodoxy in Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Europe" title="Template talk:Eastern Orthodoxy in Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Eastern Orthodoxy in Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Europe" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Europe">Eastern Orthodoxy in Europe</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Albania" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Andorra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Andorra (page does not exist)">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Austria" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Azerbaijan" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Orthodox_Church" title="Belarusian Orthodox Church">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Bulgaria" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Croatia" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Cyprus" title="Church of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_of_the_Czech_Lands_and_Slovakia" title="Orthodox Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Estonia" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_of_Finland" title="Orthodox Church of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_France" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Orthodox_Church" title="Georgian Orthodox Church">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church_in_Germany" title="Eastern Orthodox Church in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Greece" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Hungary" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Iceland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Iceland (page does not exist)">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Italy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Kazakhstan" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Orthodox_Church" title="Latvian Orthodox Church">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Liechtenstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Liechtenstein (page does not exist)">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Luxembourg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Luxembourg (page does not exist)">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Moldova" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Monaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Monaco (page does not exist)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Montenegro" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_the_Netherlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in the Netherlands (page does not exist)">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_North_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Norway" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Orthodox_Church" title="Polish Orthodox Church">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Orthodox_Church" title="Romanian Orthodox Church">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_San_Marino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in San Marino (page does not exist)">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Serbia" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_of_the_Czech_Lands_and_Slovakia" title="Orthodox Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Spain" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Turkey" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Abkhazia" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Kosovo" title="Christianity in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Transnistria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Transnistria (page does not exist)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Eastern_Orthodox_Church" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist wraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Eastern_Orthodox_Church_footer" title="Template:Eastern Orthodox Church footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Eastern_Orthodox_Church_footer" title="Template talk:Eastern Orthodox Church footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Eastern_Orthodox_Church_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Eastern Orthodox Church footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Eastern_Orthodox_Church" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Organization of the Eastern Orthodox Church">Autocephalous and autonomous churches</a> of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autocephaly" title="Autocephaly">Autocephalous churches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pentarchy" title="Pentarchy">Four ancient patriarchates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Constantinople</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_I_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Bartholomew I of Constantinople">Bartholomew I</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarchate_of_Alexandria" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria">Alexandria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Theodore_II_of_Alexandria" title="Patriarch Theodore II of Alexandria">Theodore II</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarchate_of_Antioch" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch">Antioch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_X_of_Antioch" title="John X of Antioch">John X</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Theophilos_III_of_Jerusalem" title="Patriarch Theophilos III of Jerusalem">Theophilos III</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Junior <a href="/wiki/Patriarchate" title="Patriarchate">patriarchates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russia</a><sup id="cite_ref-note_n0_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n0-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Kirill_of_Moscow" title="Patriarch Kirill of Moscow">Kirill</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porfirije,_Serbian_Patriarch" title="Porfirije, Serbian Patriarch">Porfirije</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bulgaria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniil_of_Bulgaria" title="Daniil of Bulgaria">Daniil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Orthodox_Church" title="Romanian Orthodox Church">Romania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Daniel_of_Romania" title="Patriarch Daniel of Romania">Daniel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Orthodox_Church" title="Georgian Orthodox Church">Georgia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ilia_II_of_Georgia" title="Ilia II of Georgia">Ilia II</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autocephalous<br /><a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">archdioceses</a>/<a href="/wiki/Metropolis_(religious_jurisdiction)" title="Metropolis (religious jurisdiction)">metropolises</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Cyprus" title="Church of Cyprus">Cyprus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_III_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="George III of Cyprus">George III</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Greece" title="Church of Greece">Greece</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ieronymos_II_of_Athens" title="Ieronymos II of Athens">Ieronymos II</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Orthodox_Church" title="Albanian Orthodox Church">Albania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anastasios_of_Albania" title="Anastasios of Albania">Anastasios</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Orthodox_Church" title="Polish Orthodox Church">Poland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sawa_(Hrycuniak)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sawa (Hrycuniak)">Sawa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_of_the_Czech_Lands_and_Slovakia" title="Orthodox Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia">Czech Lands and Slovakia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rastislav_(Gont)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rastislav (Gont)">Rastislav</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_in_America" title="Orthodox Church in America">America</a><sup id="cite_ref-note_n1_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tikhon_(Mollard)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tikhon (Mollard)">Tikhon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_of_Ukraine" title="Orthodox Church of Ukraine">Ukraine</a><sup id="cite_ref-note_n1_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epiphanius_I_of_Ukraine" title="Epiphanius I of Ukraine">Epiphanius</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Orthodox_Church_%E2%80%93_Archdiocese_of_Ohrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedonian Orthodox Church – Archdiocese of Ohrid">North Macedonia</a><sup id="cite_ref-note_n1_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stefan,_Archbishop_of_Ohrid_and_Macedonia" title="Stefan, Archbishop of Ohrid and Macedonia">Stefan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ByzantineCross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/ByzantineCross.svg/60px-ByzantineCross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/ByzantineCross.svg/90px-ByzantineCross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/ByzantineCross.svg/120px-ByzantineCross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="421" data-file-height="581" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomy_(Eastern_Orthodoxy)" title="Autonomy (Eastern Orthodoxy)">Autonomous churches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Sinai" title="Church of Sinai">Sinai</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_of_Finland" title="Orthodox Church of Finland">Finland (Ecumenical Patriarchate)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Apostolic_Orthodox_Church" title="Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church">Estonia (Ecumenical Patriarchate)</a><sup id="cite_ref-note_n1_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_in_Japan" title="Orthodox Church in Japan">Japan (Moscow Patriarchate)</a><sup id="cite_ref-note_n1_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Orthodox_Church" title="Chinese Orthodox Church">China (Moscow Patriarchate)</a><sup id="cite_ref-note_n1_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Orthodox_Church_(Moscow_Patriarchate)" title="Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)">Ukraine (Moscow Patriarchate)</a><sup id="cite_ref-note_n3_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n3-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Orthodox_Metropolis_of_the_Americas" title="Romanian Orthodox Metropolis of the Americas">Americas (Romanian Patriarchate)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Metropolis_of_Bessarabia" title="Metropolis of Bessarabia">Bessarabia (Romanian Patriarchate)</a><sup id="cite_ref-note_n1_18-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Metropolis_of_Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u_and_All_Moldova" title="Metropolis of Chișinău and All Moldova">Moldova (Moscow Patriarchate)</a><sup id="cite_ref-note_n1_18-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dt><span style="background:#ddddff">Semi-autonomous churches</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Crete" title="Church of Crete">Crete (Ecumenical Patriarchate)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Orthodox_Church_of_the_Moscow_Patriarchate" title="Estonian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate">Estonia (Moscow Patriarchate)</a><sup id="cite_ref-note_n2_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n2-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church_Outside_of_Russia" title="Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia">Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia</a><sup id="cite_ref-note_n2_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n2-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Eastern_Orthodox_episcopal_assemblies" title="Category:Eastern Orthodox episcopal assemblies">Diaspora<br />Assemblies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Australia,_New_Zealand,_and_Oceania" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania">Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Austria" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Austria">Austria</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Belgium,_Holland,_and_Luxembourg" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg">Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Canada" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Canada">Canada</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_France" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of France">France</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Germany" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Germany">Germany</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Great Britain and Ireland">Great Britain and Ireland</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Italy_and_Malta" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Italy and Malta">Italy and Malta</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Latin_America" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Latin America">Latin America</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Scandinavia" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Spain_and_Portugal" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Spain and Portugal">Spain and Portugal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Switzerland_and_Liechtenstein" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Switzerland and Liechtenstein">Switzerland and Liechtenstein</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of the United States of America">United States of America</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="History of the Eastern Orthodox Church">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles in the New Testament</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">First seven ecumenical councils</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Great_Church" title="Great Church">Great Church</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/State_church_of_the_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="State church of the Roman Empire">State church of the Roman Empire</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">East–West Schism</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Schism_of_the_Russian_Church" title="Schism of the Russian Church">Raskol</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Old_Believers" title="Old Believers">Old Believers</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Catacomb_Church" title="Catacomb Church">Catacomb Church</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Old_Calendarists" title="Old Calendarists">Old Calendarists</a></dd> <dd>Moscow–Constantinople schisms <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/15th%E2%80%9316th_century_Moscow%E2%80%93Constantinople_schism" title="15th–16th century Moscow–Constantinople schism">15th–16th c.</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1996_Moscow%E2%80%93Constantinople_schism" title="1996 Moscow–Constantinople schism">1996</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2018_Moscow%E2%80%93Constantinople_schism" title="2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism">2018</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy" title="Divine Liturgy">Liturgy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine Rite</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_Saint_John_Chrysostom" title="Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom">Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_Saint_Basil" title="Liturgy of Saint Basil">Liturgy of Saint Basil</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_Saint_James" title="Liturgy of Saint James">Liturgy of Saint James</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_Saint_Cyril" title="Liturgy of Saint Cyril">Liturgy of Saint Mark</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Western_Rite_Orthodoxy" title="Western Rite Orthodoxy">Western Rite</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church#Unrecognized_churches" title="Organization of the Eastern Orthodox Church">Unrecognized Eastern Orthodox churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_by_country" title="Eastern Orthodoxy by country">Eastern Orthodoxy by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Canon law of the Eastern Orthodox Church">Canon law of the Eastern Orthodox Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/16px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/24px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a> <div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-note_n0-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-note_n0_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The ROC <a href="/wiki/2018_Moscow%E2%80%93Constantinople_schism" title="2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism">severed full communion</a> with the Ecumenical Patriarchate in 2018, and later severed full communion with the <a href="/wiki/Primate_(bishop)" title="Primate (bishop)">primates</a> of the Church of Greece, the Patriarchate of Alexandria, and the Church of Cyprus in 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-note_n1-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-note_n1_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-note_n1_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-note_n1_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-note_n1_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-note_n1_18-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-note_n1_18-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-note_n1_18-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-note_n1_18-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Autocephaly or autonomy is not universally recognized.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-note_n3-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-note_n3_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">UOC-MP was moved to formally cut ties with the ROC as of May 27th 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-note_n2-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-note_n2_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-note_n2_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Semi-autonomous part of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a> whose autonomy is not universally recognized.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="reflist"> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Patriarchates_in_Christianity" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Patriarchates_in_Christianity" title="Template:Patriarchates in Christianity"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Patriarchates_in_Christianity" title="Template talk:Patriarchates in Christianity"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Patriarchates_in_Christianity" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Patriarchates in Christianity"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Patriarchates_in_Christianity" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Patriarchate" title="Patriarchate">Patriarchates</a> in <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Traditional ecclesiastical jurisdictions of <a href="/wiki/Primate_(bishop)" title="Primate (bishop)">primates</a> in <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, sorted according to earliest <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_succession" title="Apostolic succession">apostolic</a> legacy and branched where multiple denominational claimants:<br /> <b>bold blue</b> = <b><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></b>, <span style="color:#000040;">light blue</span> = <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a>, <span style="color:#808000;"><b>bold/</b>light green</span> = <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy"><span style="color:#808000;">Oriental Orthodoxy</span></a>, <i>italic blue = <a href="/wiki/Nestorianism" title="Nestorianism">Nestorianism</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early<br />Christianity</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_late_antiquity" title="Christianity in late antiquity">Antiquity</a>)<br /><span class="nobold">(30–325/476)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pentarchy" title="Pentarchy">Pentarchy</a><br /><span class="nobold">(five<br /><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_See" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic See">apostolic<br />sees</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Patriarch</a> of <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Rome" title="Diocese of Rome">Rome</a> <span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_1st_century" title="Christianity in the 1st century">1st cent.</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a></b> (since <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_1st_century" title="Christianity in the 1st century">1st cent.</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarch_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople">Patriarch</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Constantinople</a> <br /><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">451</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople</a> (since 330)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Latin_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Latin Patriarchate of Constantinople">Latin Patriarchate of Constantinople</a></b> (1204–1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople"><span style="color:#808000;">Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople</span></a> (since 1461)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_Antioch" title="Patriarch of Antioch">Patriarch</a> of <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Antioch" title="Church of Antioch">Antioch</a> <br /><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_1st_century" title="Christianity in the 1st century">1st cent.</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Patriarch_of_Antioch_and_All_the_East" title="Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch and All the East"><span style="color:#808000;">Syriac Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch</span></a></b> (since 518)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholicosate_of_Cilicia" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Catholicosate of Cilicia"><span style="color:#808000;">Armenian Catholicosate of Cilicia</span></a></b> (since 1058)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarchate_of_Antioch" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch">Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch</a> (since 519)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Maronite_Catholic_Patriarchate_of_Antioch" title="Maronite Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch">Maronite Patriarchate</a></b> (since 685)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Catholic_Church" title="Syriac Catholic Church">Syriac Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch</a></b> (since 1668)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Melkite_Catholic_Patriarchate_of_Antioch" title="Melkite Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch">Melkite Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch</a></b> (since 1724)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Latin_Patriarchate_of_Antioch" title="Latin Patriarchate of Antioch">Latin Patriarchate of Antioch</a></b> (1099–1964)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholic_Church" title="Armenian Catholic Church">Armenian Catholic Church</a></b> (since 1740)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_Alexandria" title="Patriarch of Alexandria">Patriarch</a> of <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Alexandria" title="Church of Alexandria">Alexandria</a> <br /><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_1st_century" title="Christianity in the 1st century">1st cent.</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarchate_of_Alexandria" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria">Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria</a> (since <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">451</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pope_of_the_Coptic_Orthodox_Church_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria"><span style="color:#808000;">Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria</span></a></b> (since <a href="/wiki/451" title="451">451</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Latin_Patriarchate_of_Alexandria" title="Latin Patriarchate of Alexandria">Latin Patriarchate of Alexandria</a></b> (1219–1964)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Catholic_Patriarchate_of_Alexandria" title="Coptic Catholic Patriarchate of Alexandria">Coptic Catholic Patriarchate of Alexandria</a></b> (since 1824)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarch_of_Jerusalem" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem">Patriarch</a> of <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> <span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">451</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem">Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem</a> (since 451)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem" title="Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem"><span style="color:#808000;">Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem</span></a> (since 638)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Latin_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem" title="Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem">Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem</a></b> (since 1099)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_patriarchs,_archbishops_and_bishops_of_Carthage" class="mw-redirect" title="List of patriarchs, archbishops and bishops of Carthage">Patriarch</a> of <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Carthage" title="Archdiocese of Carthage">Carthage</a> <span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_2nd_century" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in the 2nd century">2nd cent.</a>–1076)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Carthage#Titular_see_of_Carthage" title="Archdiocese of Carthage">Latin Catholic titular episcopate</a></b> (1518–1964)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Tunis" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tunis">Archbishop of Tunis</a></b> (since 1884)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_the_Church_of_the_East" title="Patriarch of the Church of the East">Patriarch</a> of <a href="/wiki/Patriarchal_Province_of_Seleucia-Ctesiphon" title="Patriarchal Province of Seleucia-Ctesiphon">Seleucia-Ctesiphon</a> <br /><span class="nobold">(280–1552)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Chaldean_Catholic_Patriarchate_of_Baghdad" title="Chaldean Catholic Patriarchate of Baghdad">Chaldean Catholic Patriarchate of Baghdad</a></b> (since 1553)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_patriarchs_of_the_Assyrian_Church_of_the_East" title="List of patriarchs of the Assyrian Church of the East">Assyrian Church of the East Patriarchate of Seleucia-Ctesiphon</a></i> (since 1830)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Church_of_the_East" title="Ancient Church of the East">Ancient Church of the East Patriarchate of Seleucia-Ctesiphon</a></i> (since 1968)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarch</a> of <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> <span class="nobold">(301)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Catholicos_of_All_Armenians" title="Catholicos of All Armenians"><span style="color:#808000;">Catholicos of All Armenians (Patriarch of Etchmiadzin)</span></a></b> (since 301)</li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholicosate_of_Cilicia" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Catholicosate of Cilicia"><span style="color:#808000;">Armenian Catholicosate of Cilicia</span></a></b> (since 1058)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem" title="Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem"><span style="color:#808000;">Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem</span></a> (since 638)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople"><span style="color:#808000;">Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople</span></a> (since 1461)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Patriarchate_of_Cilicia" title="Patriarchate of Cilicia">Patriarchate of Cilicia</a></b> (since 1742)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Christianity in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> <br /><span class="nobold">(476–1517)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Patriarchate_of_Aquileia" title="Patriarchate of Aquileia">Patriarchate of Aquileia</a></b> (568–1751)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_Grado" title="Patriarch of Grado">Patriarchate of Grado</a></b> (725–1451)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Patriarchate of Bulgaria</a> (since 919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Orthodox_Church" title="Georgian Orthodox Church">Patriarchate of Georgia</a> (since 1010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Patriarchate_of_Pe%C4%87" title="Serbian Patriarchate of Peć">Serbian Orthodox Patriarchate of Peć</a> (since 1346)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Patriarchate_of_Venice" title="Patriarchate of Venice">Patriarchate of Venice</a></b> (since 1451)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_modern_era" title="Christianity in the modern era">Early Modern era</a> <br /><span class="nobold">(1517–1789) </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Patriarchate_of_the_West_Indies" title="Patriarchate of the West Indies">Patriarchate of the West Indies</a></b> (since 1524)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Latin_Patriarchate_of_Ethiopia" title="Latin Patriarchate of Ethiopia">Latin Patriarchate of Ethiopia</a></b> (1555–1663)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Patriarchate_of_the_East_Indies" title="Patriarchate of the East Indies">Patriarchate of the East Indies</a></b> (since 1572)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Patriarchate of Moscow</a> (since 1589)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Patriarchate_of_Lisbon" title="Patriarchate of Lisbon">Patriarchate of Lisbon</a></b> (since 1716)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_modern_era" title="Christianity in the modern era">Late Modern era</a> <br /><span class="nobold">(since 1789)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Orthodox_Church" title="Romanian Orthodox Church">Patriarchate of Romania</a> (since 1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_abunas_of_Ethiopia" title="List of abunas of Ethiopia"><span style="color:#808000;">Ethiopian Orthodox Patriarchate of Ethiopia</span></a> (since 1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Orthodox_Church_%E2%80%93_Kyiv_Patriarchate" title="Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyiv Patriarchate">Patriarchate of Kyiv</a> (1992–2018; since 2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_abunas_of_Eritrea" title="List of abunas of Eritrea"><span style="color:#808000;">Eritrean Orthodox Patriarchate of Eritrea</span></a> (since 1994)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Throne" title="Apostolic Throne">Apostolic Throne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_see" title="Episcopal see">Episcopal see</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Bulgaria" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Bulgaria">Main article</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern<br />Orthodox<br />Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bulgarian Orthodox Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Old_Believers" title="Old Believers">Old Believers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lipovan_Orthodox_Old-Rite_Church" title="Lipovan Orthodox Old-Rite Church">Lipovan Orthodox Old-Rite Eparchy of Slava</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/True_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="True Orthodox">True Orthodox</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Calendar_Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church" title="Old Calendar Bulgarian Orthodox Church">Old Calendar Bulgarian Orthodox Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodox">Oriental Orthodox</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Apostolic Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Catholic">Catholic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Bulgarian Greek Catholic Church">Greek Catholic Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Protestant">Protestant</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Evangelical_Church" title="Armenian Evangelical Church">Armenian Evangelical Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Bulgaria" title="Catholic Church in Bulgaria">Latin Catholic Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Bulgaria" title="Protestantism in Bulgaria">Main article</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calvinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinist">Calvinist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Evangelical_Congregational_Churches_in_Bulgaria" title="Union of Evangelical Congregational Churches in Bulgaria">Union of Evangelical Congregational Churches</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist">Baptist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baptist_Union_of_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baptist Union of Bulgaria (page does not exist)">Baptist Union of Bulgaria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a></th><td 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class="new" title="Pentecostal Assemblies of Bulgaria (page does not exist)">Pentecostal Assemblies of Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Alliance_United_Churches_of_God&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Alliance United Churches of God (page does not exist)">National Alliance United Churches of God</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Church_of_God_in_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Church of God in Bulgaria (page does not exist)">The Church of God in Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Free_Evangelical_Pentecostal_Churches_in_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Free Evangelical Pentecostal Churches in Bulgaria (page does not exist)">The Free Evangelical Pentecostal Churches in Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pentecostal_Union_of_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pentecostal Union of Bulgaria (page does not exist)">Pentecostal Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interdenominational<br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarian_Evangelical_Alliance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulgarian Evangelical Alliance (page does not exist)">Bulgarian Evangelical Alliance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Christianity" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christianity_footer" title="Template:Christianity footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christianity_footer" title="Template talk:Christianity footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Christianity" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" 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texts">(Scriptures)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foundations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_(congregation)" title="Church (congregation)">Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creed" title="Creed">Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_gospel" title="The gospel">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Covenant" title="New Covenant">New Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_tradition" title="Christian tradition">Christian tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Worship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity" title="History of Christianity">History</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Christianity" title="Timeline of Christianity">timeline</a>)<br />(<a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Christianity" title="Spread of Christianity">spread</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early<br />Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">in Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parables_of_Jesus" title="Parables of Jesus">Parables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Jesus" title="Miracles of Jesus">Miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commandment" title="Great Commandment">Great Commandment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church fathers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Fathers" title="Apostolic Fathers">Apostolic fathers</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Great_Church" title="Great Church">Great Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_ante-Nicene_period" title="Christianity in the ante-Nicene period">Ante-Nicene period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_late_antiquity" title="Christianity in late antiquity">Late antiquity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great_and_Christianity" title="Constantine the Great and Christianity">Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">First seven ecumenical councils</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">Nicaea I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Chalcedon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_as_the_Roman_state_religion" title="Christianity as the Roman state religion">State church of the Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_biblical_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian biblical canon">Christian biblical canon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Christianity in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">East–West Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture Controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_the_Age_of_Discovery" title="Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_modern_era" title="Christianity in the modern era">Modern era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Catholic Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dechristianization_of_France_during_the_French_Revolution" title="Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_Islam" title="Christianity and Islam">Relations with Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_influences_on_the_Islamic_world" title="Christian influences on the Islamic world">Influences</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Denominations</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">list</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations_by_number_of_members" title="List of Christian denominations by number of members">members</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church" title="Old Catholic Church">Old Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Catholicism" title="Independent Catholicism">Independent Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_Christianity" title="Charismatic Christianity">Charismatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiness_movement" title="Holiness movement">Holiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Christianity" title="Reformed Christianity">Reformed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Rite_Orthodoxy" title="Western Rite Orthodoxy">Western Rite Orthodoxy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">Church of the East (Nestorian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Restorationism" title="Restorationism">Restorationist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Latter Day Saint movement">Latter Day Saint movement</a></li> <li><span title="Tagalog-language text"><span lang="tl" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Iglesia_ni_Cristo" title="Iglesia ni Cristo">Iglesia ni Cristo</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">Theology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_God_(Christianity)" title="Son of God (Christianity)">Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_tradition" title="Sacred tradition">Tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">Original sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">Salvation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Born_again" title="Born again">Born again</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_liturgy" title="Christian liturgy">Liturgy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_liturgy" title="Eastern Catholic liturgy">Eastern Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_worship" title="Eastern Orthodox worship">Eastern Orthodox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_liturgy" title="Protestant liturgy">Protestant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Worship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariology" title="Mariology">Mariology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Theotokos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Christianity" title="Angels in Christianity">Angel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiology" title="Ecclesiology">Ecclesiology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Marks_of_the_Church" title="Four Marks of the Church">Four marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_of_Christ" title="Body of Christ">Body of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_true_church" title="One true church">One true church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_God" title="People of God">People of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_law" title="Canon law">Canon law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrament" title="Sacrament">Sacraments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_marriage" title="Christian views on marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confirmation" title="Confirmation">Confirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penance" title="Penance">Penance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_sick" title="Anointing of the sick">Anointing of the Sick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_orders" title="Holy orders">Holy orders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mission" title="Christian mission">Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ablution_in_Christianity" title="Ablution in Christianity">Ablution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hygiene_in_Christianity" title="Hygiene in Christianity">Hygiene</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_philosophy" title="Christian philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_ethics" title="Christian ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_science" title="Christianity and science">Science</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rejection_of_evolution_by_religious_groups" title="Rejection of evolution by religious groups">Evolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_politics" title="Christianity and politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_poverty_and_wealth" title="Christian views on poverty and wealth">Views on poverty and wealth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br />features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_culture" title="Christian culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_architecture" title="Church architecture">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_cathedrals_and_great_churches" title="Architecture of cathedrals and great churches">Architecture of cathedrals and great churches</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_art" title="Christian art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Depiction_of_Jesus" title="Depiction of Jesus">Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_art_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marian art in the Catholic Church">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Trinity_in_art" title="The Trinity in art">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Father_in_Western_art" title="God the Father in Western art">God the Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christian_art" title="Holy Spirit in Christian art">Holy Spirit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catechesis" title="Catechesis">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catechism" title="Catechism">Catechism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Flag" title="Christian Flag">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_literature" title="Christian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_music" title="Christian music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mythology" title="Christian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_pilgrimage" title="Christian pilgrimage">Pilgrimage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_piety" title="Popular piety">Popular piety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_(building)" title="Church (building)">Church buildings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_cathedrals" title="Lists of cathedrals">Cathedrals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_Christianity_in_civilization" title="Role of Christianity in civilization">Role in civilization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_movements" title="List of Christian movements">Movements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crusading_movement" title="Crusading movement">Crusading movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_anarchism" title="Christian anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_movement" title="Charismatic movement">Charismatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_environmentalism" title="Christian views on environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_existentialism" title="Christian existentialism">Existentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_fundamentalism" title="Christian fundamentalism">Fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_theology" title="Liberation theology">Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_left" title="Christian left">Left</a>/<a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mysticism" title="Christian mysticism">Mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_pacifism" title="Christian pacifism">Pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosperity_theology" title="Prosperity theology">Prosperity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Catholicism" title="Traditionalist Catholicism">Traditionalist Catholicism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cooperation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christendom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenism" title="Ecumenism">Ecumenism</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Charta_Oecumenica" title="Charta Oecumenica">Charta Oecumenica</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Council_of_Churches" title="World Council of Churches">World Council of Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Evangelical_Alliance" title="World Evangelical Alliance">World Evangelical Alliance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">Nondenominationalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian_sentiment" title="Anti-Christian sentiment">Anti-Christian sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_universalism" title="Christian universalism">Christian universalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Christianity" title="Criticism of Christianity">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Christians" title="Cultural Christians">Cultural Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_other_religions" title="Christianity and other religions">Relations with other religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unlimited_atonement" title="Unlimited atonement">Unlimited atonement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/16px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/24px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Christianity" title="Category:Christianity">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Topics_on_the_First_Bulgarian_Empire_and_Second_Bulgarian_Empire" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#99C68E"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bulgarian_Empire" title="Template:Bulgarian Empire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bulgarian_Empire" title="Template talk:Bulgarian Empire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bulgarian_Empire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bulgarian Empire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Topics_on_the_First_Bulgarian_Empire_and_Second_Bulgarian_Empire" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Bulgarian_Empire-related_articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Index of Bulgarian Empire-related articles">Topics</a> on the <a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">First Bulgarian Empire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Bulgarian_Empire" title="Second Bulgarian Empire">Second Bulgarian Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%" class="wraplinks"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width: 33%; background-color: #E32636">State </th> <th style="width: 34%; background-color: #03C03C">Military </th> <th style="width: 33%; background-color: #FFF8E7">Culture </th> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"> <td> <div style="background:#FFF8E7; text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><b>Origin</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgars" title="Bulgars">Bulgars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Slavs" title="South Slavs">South Slavs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Great_Bulgaria" title="Old Great Bulgaria">Old Great Bulgaria</a></li></ul> <div style="background:#FFF8E7; text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><b>States</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">First Bulgarian Empire</a> (681–1018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Bulgarian_Empire" title="Second Bulgarian Empire">Second Bulgarian Empire</a> (1185–1396/1422)</li></ul> <p><i>De facto independent Bulgarian states from the Second Empire</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Vidin" title="Tsardom of Vidin">Tsardom of Vidin</a> (1371–1396/1422)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despotate_of_Dobruja" title="Despotate of Dobruja">Despotate of Dobruja (Principality of Karvuna)</a> (1337/1346–1413)</li></ul> <div style="background:#FFF8E7; text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><b>Administration</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boyar#Boyars_in_Bulgaria" title="Boyar">Aristocracy</a></li> <li><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="bg:Съвет на Великите боили">Great Boyar Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Preslav" title="Council of Preslav">Council of Preslav</a></li> <li>Capitals: <a href="/wiki/Pliska" title="Pliska">Pliska</a> (681–893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preslav" class="mw-redirect" title="Preslav">Preslav</a> (893–972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a> (972–992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohrid" title="Ohrid">Ohrid</a> (992–1018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veliko_Tarnovo" title="Veliko Tarnovo">Tarnovo</a> (1185–1393)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikopol,_Bulgaria" title="Nikopol, Bulgaria">Nicopolis</a> (1393–1396)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidin" title="Vidin">Vidin</a> (1393–1396)</li></ul> <div style="background:#FFF8E7; text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><b>Important rulers</b></div> <p><i><b>First Bulgarian Empire</b></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asparukh_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Asparukh of Bulgaria">Asparukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tervel_of_Bulgaria" title="Tervel of Bulgaria">Tervel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krum" title="Krum">Krum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omurtag_of_Bulgaria" title="Omurtag of Bulgaria">Omurtag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Boris I of Bulgaria">Boris I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Simeon I of Bulgaria">Simeon I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Peter I of Bulgaria">Peter I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_of_Bulgaria" title="Samuel of Bulgaria">Samuel</a></li></ul> <p><i><b>Second Bulgarian Empire</b></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Asen_I_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan Asen I of Bulgaria">Ivan Asen I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaloyan_of_Bulgaria" title="Kaloyan of Bulgaria">Kaloyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Asen_II_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria">Ivan Asen II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Tih" title="Konstantin Tih">Konstantin Tih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Shishman_of_Bulgaria" title="Michael Shishman of Bulgaria">Michael Shishman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Alexander_of_Bulgaria" title="Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria">Ivan Alexander</a></li></ul> <div style="background:#FFF8E7; text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><b>Economy</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Bulgarian_coinage" title="Medieval Bulgarian coinage">Bulgarian coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medieval_Bulgarian_economy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medieval Bulgarian economy (page does not exist)">Bulgarian economy</a></li></ul> <p><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Krum33.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Krum of Bulgaria"><img alt="Krum of Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Krum33.jpg/75px-Krum33.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Krum33.jpg/113px-Krum33.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Krum33.jpg/150px-Krum33.jpg 2x" data-file-width="577" data-file-height="810" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Omurtag1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Omurtag of Bulgaria"><img alt="Omurtag of Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Omurtag1.jpg/75px-Omurtag1.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Omurtag1.jpg/113px-Omurtag1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Omurtag1.jpg/150px-Omurtag1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="598" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NHM-BG-photoKonstantinTih1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Constantine I of Bulgaria"><img alt="Constantine I of Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/NHM-BG-photoKonstantinTih1.jpg/74px-NHM-BG-photoKonstantinTih1.jpg" decoding="async" width="74" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/NHM-BG-photoKonstantinTih1.jpg/111px-NHM-BG-photoKonstantinTih1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/NHM-BG-photoKonstantinTih1.jpg/148px-NHM-BG-photoKonstantinTih1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="412" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Bulgarian_army" title="Medieval Bulgarian army">Bulgarian army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Bulgarian_navy" title="Medieval Bulgarian navy">Bulgarian navy</a></li></ul> <div style="background:#FF4040; text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><b>Conflicts</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Bulgarian_wars" title="Byzantine–Bulgarian wars">Byzantine–Bulgarian wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian%E2%80%93Bulgarian_wars" title="Croatian–Bulgarian wars">Croatian–Bulgarian wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian%E2%80%93Hungarian_wars" title="Bulgarian–Hungarian wars">Bulgarian–Hungarian wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian%E2%80%93Latin_wars" title="Bulgarian–Latin wars">Bulgarian–Latin wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian%E2%80%93Ottoman_wars" title="Bulgarian–Ottoman wars">Bulgarian–Ottoman wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian%E2%80%93Serbian_wars_(medieval)" title="Bulgarian–Serbian wars (medieval)">Bulgarian–Serbian wars</a></li></ul> <div style="background:#FF4040; text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><b>Major battles</b></div> <p><i><b>First Bulgarian Empire</b></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ongal" title="Battle of Ongal">Battle of Ongal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Constantinople_(717%E2%80%93718)" title="Siege of Constantinople (717–718)">Siege of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marcellae" title="Battle of Marcellae">Battle of Marcellae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pliska" title="Battle of Pliska">Battle of Pliska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian%E2%80%93Bulgarian_battle_of_854" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian–Bulgarian battle of 854">Croatian–Bulgarian battle of 854</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Southern_Buh" title="Battle of Southern Buh">Battle of Southern Buh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Achelous_(917)" title="Battle of Achelous (917)">Battle of Achelous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Gates_of_Trajan" title="Battle of the Gates of Trajan">Battle of the Gates of Trajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kleidion" title="Battle of Kleidion">Battle of Kleidion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dyrrhachium_(1018)" title="Battle of Dyrrhachium (1018)">Battle of Dyrrhachium</a></li></ul> <p><i><b>Second Bulgarian Empire</b></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tryavna" title="Battle of Tryavna">Battle of Tryavna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Adrianople_(1205)" title="Battle of Adrianople (1205)">Battle of Adrianople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Klokotnitsa" title="Battle of Klokotnitsa">Battle of Klokotnitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Skafida" title="Battle of Skafida">Battle of Skafida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Velbazhd" title="Battle of Velbazhd">Battle of Velbazhd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rusokastro" title="Battle of Rusokastro">Battle of Rusokastro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maritsa" title="Battle of Maritsa">Battle of Chernomen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tarnovo" title="Siege of Tarnovo">Siege of Tarnovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nicopolis" title="Battle of Nicopolis">Battle of Nicopolis</a></li></ul> <div style="background:#FF4040; text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><b>Major uprisings</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_of_Peter_Delyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Uprising of Peter Delyan">Uprising of Peter Delyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_of_Georgi_Voyteh" title="Uprising of Georgi Voyteh">Uprising of Georgi Voyteh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_of_Asen_and_Peter" title="Uprising of Asen and Peter">Uprising of Asen and Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_of_Ivaylo" title="Uprising of Ivaylo">Uprising of Ivaylo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_of_Konstantin_and_Fruzhin" title="Uprising of Konstantin and Fruzhin">Uprising of Konstantin and Fruzhin</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AdrianopleConquest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/AdrianopleConquest.jpg/320px-AdrianopleConquest.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/AdrianopleConquest.jpg/480px-AdrianopleConquest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/AdrianopleConquest.jpg/640px-AdrianopleConquest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1070" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <div style="background:#ACE1AF; text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><b>Literature</b></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ivan_ALexander_and_his_family_Tetraevangelia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tetraevangelia of Ivan Alexander"><img alt="Tetraevangelia of Ivan Alexander" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Ivan_ALexander_and_his_family_Tetraevangelia.jpg/100px-Ivan_ALexander_and_his_family_Tetraevangelia.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Ivan_ALexander_and_his_family_Tetraevangelia.jpg/150px-Ivan_ALexander_and_his_family_Tetraevangelia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Ivan_ALexander_and_his_family_Tetraevangelia.jpg/200px-Ivan_ALexander_and_his_family_Tetraevangelia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="948" data-file-height="1354" /></a><figcaption>Tetraevangelia of Ivan Alexander</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Bulgarian_literature" title="Medieval Bulgarian literature">Bulgarian literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_script" title="Glagolitic script">Glagolitic script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Early Cyrillic alphabet">Early Cyrillic alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Church_Slavonic" title="Old Church Slavonic">Old Church Slavonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preslav_Literary_School" title="Preslav Literary School">Preslav Literary School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohrid_Literary_School" title="Ohrid Literary School">Ohrid Literary School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Bulgarian_royal_charters" title="Medieval Bulgarian royal charters">Royal charters</a></li></ul> <p><i><b>Prominent writers and scholars:</b></i><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Naum" title="Saint Naum">Saint Naum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Ohrid" title="Clement of Ohrid">Clement of Ohrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernorizets_Hrabar" title="Chernorizets Hrabar">Chernorizets Hrabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_of_Preslav" title="Constantine of Preslav">Constantine of Preslav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Exarch" title="John the Exarch">John the Exarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthymius_of_Tarnovo" title="Euthymius of Tarnovo">Evtimiy of Tarnovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Tsamblak" title="Gregory Tsamblak">Gregory Tsamblak</a></li></ul> <div style="background:#ACE1AF; text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><b>Art and architecture</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Tarnovo_Artistic_School" title="Architecture of the Tarnovo Artistic School">Architecture of the Tarnovo Artistic School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painting_of_the_Tarnovo_Artistic_School" title="Painting of the Tarnovo Artistic School">Painting of the Tarnovo Artistic School</a></li></ul> <p><i><b>Famous examples:</b></i><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madara_Rider" title="Madara Rider">Madara Rider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Basilica,_Pliska" title="Great Basilica, Pliska">Great Basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_Church,_Preslav" title="Round Church, Preslav">Round Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Forty_Martyrs_Church,_Veliko_Tarnovo" title="Holy Forty Martyrs Church, Veliko Tarnovo">Holy Forty Martyrs Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyana_Church" title="Boyana Church">Boyana Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsarevets_(fortress)" title="Tsarevets (fortress)">Tsarevets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Vida" title="Baba Vida">Baba Vida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherven_(fortress)" title="Cherven (fortress)">Cherven</a></li></ul> <div style="background:#ACE1AF; text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><b>Religion</b></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:St._Theodor.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Saint Theodor"><img alt="Saint Theodor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/St._Theodor.jpg/100px-St._Theodor.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/St._Theodor.jpg/150px-St._Theodor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/St._Theodor.jpg/200px-St._Theodor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="373" data-file-height="447" /></a><figcaption>Saint Theodor</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tengrism" title="Tengrism">Tengrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavic mythology">Slavic Paganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Bulgaria" title="Christianization of Bulgaria">Christianisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bulgarian Orthodox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archbishopric_of_Ohrid" title="Archbishopric of Ohrid">Archbishopric of Ohrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogomilism" title="Bogomilism">Bogomilism</a></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#99C68E"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/16px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/24px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/32px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Bulgaria" title="Portal:Bulgaria">Bulgaria portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span 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hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bulgaria_topics" title="Template:Bulgaria topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bulgaria_topics" title="Template talk:Bulgaria topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bulgaria_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bulgaria topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bulgaria_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bulgaria" title="History of Bulgaria">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odrysian_kingdom" title="Odrysian kingdom">Odrysian kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Great_Bulgaria" title="Old Great Bulgaria">Old Great Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">First Bulgarian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Bulgarian_Empire" title="Second Bulgarian Empire">Second Bulgarian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Bulgaria" title="Ottoman Bulgaria">Ottoman period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Bulgaria" title="Principality of Bulgaria">Principality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Bulgaria">Tsardom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_I" title="Bulgaria during World War I">War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgaria during World War II">War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Bulgaria" title="People's Republic of Bulgaria">People's Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bulgaria_since_1990" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Bulgaria since 1990">Bulgaria since 1990</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Bulgaria" title="Geography of Bulgaria">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Mountains" title="Balkan Mountains">Balkan Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkan Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Black_Sea_Coast" title="Bulgarian Black Sea Coast">Black Sea coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Bulgaria" title="List of cities and towns in Bulgaria">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Bulgaria" title="List of earthquakes in Bulgaria">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Bulgaria" title="List of islands of Bulgaria">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Bulgaria" title="Provinces of Bulgaria">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirin" title="Pirin">Pirin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rila" title="Rila">Rila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Bulgaria" title="List of rivers of Bulgaria">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodope_Mountains" title="Rhodope Mountains">Rhodope Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sredna_Gora" title="Sredna Gora">Sredna Gora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Bulgaria" title="List of villages in Bulgaria">Villages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Bulgaria" title="Politics of Bulgaria">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bulgaria" title="Constitution of Bulgaria">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Bulgaria" title="Elections in Bulgaria">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Bulgaria" title="Foreign relations of Bulgaria">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Bulgaria" title="Government of Bulgaria">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Bulgaria" title="Human rights in Bulgaria">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Bulgaria">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Bulgaria" title="Law of Bulgaria">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Bulgaria" title="Law enforcement in Bulgaria">enforcement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Armed_Forces" title="Bulgarian Armed Forces">Armed Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Defence_(Bulgaria)" title="Chief of the Defence (Bulgaria)">Chief of the Defence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Bulgaria)" title="National Assembly (Bulgaria)">National Assembly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Bulgaria" title="Chairperson of the National Assembly of Bulgaria">Chairperson</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Bulgaria" title="List of political parties in Bulgaria">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Bulgaria" title="President of Bulgaria">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bulgaria" title="Prime Minister of Bulgaria">Prime Minister</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Bulgaria" title="Economy of Bulgaria">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Bulgaria" title="Agriculture in Bulgaria">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistics_about_the_economy_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Statistics about the economy of Bulgaria">Economic statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Bulgaria" title="Energy in Bulgaria">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_of_Bulgaria" title="Industry of Bulgaria">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_lev" title="Bulgarian lev">Lev <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_National_Bank" title="Bulgarian National Bank">National bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Bulgaria" title="Science and technology in Bulgaria">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Stock_Exchange_%E2%80%93_Sofia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgarian Stock Exchange – Sofia">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Bulgaria" title="Tourism in Bulgaria">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Bulgaria" title="Transport in Bulgaria">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th 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