CINXE.COM
Prairie History - Manitoba Historical Society
<!doctype html> <html dir="ltr" lang="en-CA" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"> <head> <!-- Google tag (gtag.js) --> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-F5SBRKS8TD"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-F5SBRKS8TD'); </script> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var gform;gform||(document.addEventListener("gform_main_scripts_loaded",function(){gform.scriptsLoaded=!0}),document.addEventListener("gform/theme/scripts_loaded",function(){gform.themeScriptsLoaded=!0}),window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",function(){gform.domLoaded=!0}),gform={domLoaded:!1,scriptsLoaded:!1,themeScriptsLoaded:!1,isFormEditor:()=>"function"==typeof InitializeEditor,callIfLoaded:function(o){return!(!gform.domLoaded||!gform.scriptsLoaded||!gform.themeScriptsLoaded&&!gform.isFormEditor()||(gform.isFormEditor()&&console.warn("The use of gform.initializeOnLoaded() is deprecated in the form editor context and will be removed in Gravity Forms 3.1."),o(),0))},initializeOnLoaded:function(o){gform.callIfLoaded(o)||(document.addEventListener("gform_main_scripts_loaded",()=>{gform.scriptsLoaded=!0,gform.callIfLoaded(o)}),document.addEventListener("gform/theme/scripts_loaded",()=>{gform.themeScriptsLoaded=!0,gform.callIfLoaded(o)}),window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",()=>{gform.domLoaded=!0,gform.callIfLoaded(o)}))},hooks:{action:{},filter:{}},addAction:function(o,r,e,t){gform.addHook("action",o,r,e,t)},addFilter:function(o,r,e,t){gform.addHook("filter",o,r,e,t)},doAction:function(o){gform.doHook("action",o,arguments)},applyFilters:function(o){return gform.doHook("filter",o,arguments)},removeAction:function(o,r){gform.removeHook("action",o,r)},removeFilter:function(o,r,e){gform.removeHook("filter",o,r,e)},addHook:function(o,r,e,t,n){null==gform.hooks[o][r]&&(gform.hooks[o][r]=[]);var d=gform.hooks[o][r];null==n&&(n=r+"_"+d.length),gform.hooks[o][r].push({tag:n,callable:e,priority:t=null==t?10:t})},doHook:function(r,o,e){var t;if(e=Array.prototype.slice.call(e,1),null!=gform.hooks[r][o]&&((o=gform.hooks[r][o]).sort(function(o,r){return o.priority-r.priority}),o.forEach(function(o){"function"!=typeof(t=o.callable)&&(t=window[t]),"action"==r?t.apply(null,e):e[0]=t.apply(null,e)})),"filter"==r)return e[0]},removeHook:function(o,r,t,n){var e;null!=gform.hooks[o][r]&&(e=(e=gform.hooks[o][r]).filter(function(o,r,e){return!!(null!=n&&n!=o.tag||null!=t&&t!=o.priority)}),gform.hooks[o][r]=e)}}); /* ]]> */ </script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <title>Prairie History - Manitoba Historical Society</title> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <!-- All in One SEO 4.7.9 - aioseo.com --> <meta name="description" content="Prairie History Prairie History covers the histories of Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Alberta, as well as the US borderlands. Our goal is to publish the latest and best original work of young and experienced scholars, professionals and amateurs, as well as heritage news and commentaries related to archival and museum collections across the West. Prairie History is illustrated" /> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.mhs.ca/prairie-history/" /> <meta name="generator" content="All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 4.7.9" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Manitoba Historical Society - Keeping history alive for over 145 years" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Prairie History - Manitoba Historical Society" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Prairie History Prairie History covers the histories of Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Alberta, as well as the US borderlands. Our goal is to publish the latest and best original work of young and experienced scholars, professionals and amateurs, as well as heritage news and commentaries related to archival and museum collections across the West. Prairie History is illustrated" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.mhs.ca/prairie-history/" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/MHS_Logo-social.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/MHS_Logo-social.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1000" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="500" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2022-08-29T18:48:59+00:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-05-03T15:08:04+00:00" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/groups/manitobahistory" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@manitobahistory" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Prairie History - Manitoba Historical Society" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Prairie History Prairie History covers the histories of Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Alberta, as well as the US borderlands. Our goal is to publish the latest and best original work of young and experienced scholars, professionals and amateurs, as well as heritage news and commentaries related to archival and museum collections across the West. Prairie History is illustrated" /> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@manitobahistory" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/MHS_Logo-social.jpg" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="aioseo-schema"> {"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/prairie-history\/#breadcrumblist","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/#listItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/","nextItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/prairie-history\/#listItem","name":"Prairie History"}},{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/prairie-history\/#listItem","position":2,"name":"Prairie History","previousItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/#listItem","name":"Home"}}]},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/#organization","name":"Manitoba Historical Society","description":"Keeping history alive for over 145 years","url":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/","telephone":"+12049470559","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/mhs-mb.b-cdn.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/MHS_Logo.png","@id":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/prairie-history\/#organizationLogo","width":530,"height":294,"caption":"Manitoba Historical Society"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/prairie-history\/#organizationLogo"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/manitobahistory","https:\/\/twitter.com\/manitobahistory","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/manitobahistory\/","https:\/\/www.tiktok.com\/@manitobahistory","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/c\/ManitobaHistoricalSociety\/videos"]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/prairie-history\/#webpage","url":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/prairie-history\/","name":"Prairie History - Manitoba Historical Society","description":"Prairie History Prairie History covers the histories of Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Alberta, as well as the US borderlands. Our goal is to publish the latest and best original work of young and experienced scholars, professionals and amateurs, as well as heritage news and commentaries related to archival and museum collections across the West. Prairie History is illustrated","inLanguage":"en-CA","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/#website"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/prairie-history\/#breadcrumblist"},"datePublished":"2022-08-29T18:48:59-05:00","dateModified":"2024-05-03T10:08:04-05:00"},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/","name":"Manitoba Historical Society","description":"Keeping history alive for over 145 years","inLanguage":"en-CA","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/#organization"}}]} </script> <!-- All in One SEO --> <script>window._wca = window._wca || [];</script> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.google.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//gateway.moneris.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//kit.fontawesome.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//stats.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//use.typekit.net' /> <link rel='preconnect' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Manitoba Historical Society » Feed" href="https://www.mhs.ca/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Manitoba Historical Society » Comments Feed" href="https://www.mhs.ca/comments/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/mhs-mb.b-cdn.net\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=7d5a4b6ff143c278a8531af4fdf43ce2"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wc-moneris-checkout-block-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce-gateway-moneris/assets/css/blocks/wc-moneris-checkout-block.css?ver=3.4.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wc-blocks-integration-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce-subscriptions/vendor/woocommerce/subscriptions-core/build/index.css?ver=7.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='sbi_styles-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/instagram-feed/css/sbi-styles.min.css?ver=6.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=7d5a4b6ff143c278a8531af4fdf43ce2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-block-library-theme-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-audio :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-audio :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-audio{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-code{border:1px solid #ccc;border-radius:4px;font-family:Menlo,Consolas,monaco,monospace;padding:.8em 1em}.wp-block-embed :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-embed :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-embed{margin:0 0 1em}.blocks-gallery-caption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .blocks-gallery-caption{color:#ffffffa6}:root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme :root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-image{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-pullquote{border-bottom:4px solid;border-top:4px solid;color:currentColor;margin-bottom:1.75em}.wp-block-pullquote cite,.wp-block-pullquote footer,.wp-block-pullquote__citation{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;text-transform:uppercase}.wp-block-quote{border-left:.25em solid;margin:0 0 1.75em;padding-left:1em}.wp-block-quote cite,.wp-block-quote footer{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;position:relative}.wp-block-quote:where(.has-text-align-right){border-left:none;border-right:.25em solid;padding-left:0;padding-right:1em}.wp-block-quote:where(.has-text-align-center){border:none;padding-left:0}.wp-block-quote.is-large,.wp-block-quote.is-style-large,.wp-block-quote:where(.is-style-plain){border:none}.wp-block-search .wp-block-search__label{font-weight:700}.wp-block-search__button{border:1px solid #ccc;padding:.375em .625em}:where(.wp-block-group.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em}.wp-block-separator.has-css-opacity{opacity:.4}.wp-block-separator{border:none;border-bottom:2px solid;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.wp-block-separator.has-alpha-channel-opacity{opacity:1}.wp-block-separator:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){width:100px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-dots){border-bottom:none;height:1px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){height:2px}.wp-block-table{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-table td,.wp-block-table th{word-break:normal}.wp-block-table :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-table :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-video :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-video :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-video{margin:0 0 1em}:root :where(.wp-block-template-part.has-background){margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='mediaelement-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/mediaelementplayer-legacy.min.css?ver=4.2.17' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-mediaelement-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/wp-mediaelement.min.css?ver=7d5a4b6ff143c278a8531af4fdf43ce2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='jetpack-sharing-buttons-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0;list-style-type:none;margin:5px;padding:0}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-small-icon-size{font-size:12px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-normal-icon-size{font-size:16px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-large-icon-size{font-size:24px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-huge-icon-size{font-size:36px}@media print{.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:none!important}}.editor-styles-wrapper .wp-block-jetpack-sharing-buttons{gap:0;padding-inline-start:0}ul.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wc-memberships-blocks-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce-memberships/assets/css/blocks/wc-memberships-blocks.min.css?ver=1.26.9' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-components-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-includes/css/dist/components/style.min.css?ver=7d5a4b6ff143c278a8531af4fdf43ce2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-preferences-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-includes/css/dist/preferences/style.min.css?ver=7d5a4b6ff143c278a8531af4fdf43ce2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-editor-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-includes/css/dist/block-editor/style.min.css?ver=7d5a4b6ff143c278a8531af4fdf43ce2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-reusable-blocks-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-includes/css/dist/reusable-blocks/style.min.css?ver=7d5a4b6ff143c278a8531af4fdf43ce2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-patterns-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-includes/css/dist/patterns/style.min.css?ver=7d5a4b6ff143c278a8531af4fdf43ce2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-editor-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-includes/css/dist/editor/style.min.css?ver=7d5a4b6ff143c278a8531af4fdf43ce2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='repeater-shared-css-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/mhs/blocks/blocks.css?ver=1702416635' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fontawesome-free-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/getwid/vendors/fontawesome-free/css/all.min.css?ver=5.5.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='mp-fancybox-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/getwid/vendors/mp-fancybox/jquery.fancybox.min.css?ver=3.5.7-mp.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='getwid-blocks-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/getwid/assets/css/blocks.style.css?ver=2.0.14' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='getwid-blocks-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-getwid-section .wp-block-getwid-section__wrapper .wp-block-getwid-section__inner-wrapper{max-width: 640px;} </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--forest-green: #538158;--wp--preset--color--clay-green: #BFCCBD;--wp--preset--color--background-clay-green: #EFF2EE;--wp--preset--color--blue: #007597;--wp--preset--color--background-blue: #F0F5F6;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 1.5em;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 2.5em;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--font-size--xlarge: 3.5em;--wp--preset--font-size--xxlarge: 4.5em;--wp--preset--font-size--huge: 10em;--wp--preset--font-family--inter: "Inter", sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--cardo: Cardo;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='woocommerce-layout-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/css/woocommerce-layout.css?ver=9.5.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='woocommerce-layout-inline-css' type='text/css'> .infinite-scroll .woocommerce-pagination { display: none; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='woocommerce-smallscreen-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/css/woocommerce-smallscreen.css?ver=9.5.2' type='text/css' media='only screen and (max-width: 768px)' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='woocommerce-general-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/css/woocommerce.css?ver=9.5.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='woocommerce-inline-inline-css' type='text/css'> .woocommerce form .form-row .required { visibility: visible; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='sv-wc-payment-gateway-payment-form-v5_15_0-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce-gateway-moneris/vendor/skyverge/wc-plugin-framework/woocommerce/payment-gateway/assets/css/frontend/sv-wc-payment-gateway-payment-form.min.css?ver=5.15.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wc-moneris-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce-gateway-moneris/assets/css/frontend/wc-moneris.min.css?ver=3.4.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wc-memberships-frontend-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce-memberships/assets/css/frontend/wc-memberships-frontend.min.css?ver=1.26.9' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='mhs-style-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/mhs/style.css?ver=7d5a4b6ff143c278a8531af4fdf43ce2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='animated-menu-style-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/mhs/js/animated-menu.css?ver=7d5a4b6ff143c278a8531af4fdf43ce2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='mhs-fonts-css' href='https://use.typekit.net/unb6vcs.css?ver=7d5a4b6ff143c278a8531af4fdf43ce2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='colorbox-css-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/mhs/js/colorbox/colorbox.css?ver=7d5a4b6ff143c278a8531af4fdf43ce2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='dflip-css-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/mhs/js/dflip/css/dflip.min.css?ver=7d5a4b6ff143c278a8531af4fdf43ce2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='dflip-icons-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/mhs/js/dflip/css/themify-icons.min.css?ver=7d5a4b6ff143c278a8531af4fdf43ce2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='kadence-blocks-rowlayout-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/kadence-blocks/dist/style-blocks-rowlayout.css?ver=3.4.5' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='kadence-blocks-column-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/kadence-blocks/dist/style-blocks-column.css?ver=3.4.5' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='kadence-blocks-image-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/kadence-blocks/dist/style-blocks-image.css?ver=3.4.5' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='kadence-blocks-global-variables-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root {--global-kb-font-size-sm:clamp(0.8rem, 0.73rem + 0.217vw, 0.9rem);--global-kb-font-size-md:clamp(1.1rem, 0.995rem + 0.326vw, 1.25rem);--global-kb-font-size-lg:clamp(1.75rem, 1.576rem + 0.543vw, 2rem);--global-kb-font-size-xl:clamp(2.25rem, 1.728rem + 1.63vw, 3rem);--global-kb-font-size-xxl:clamp(2.5rem, 1.456rem + 3.26vw, 4rem);--global-kb-font-size-xxxl:clamp(2.75rem, 0.489rem + 7.065vw, 6rem);}:root {--global-palette1: #3182CE;--global-palette2: #2B6CB0;--global-palette3: #1A202C;--global-palette4: #2D3748;--global-palette5: #4A5568;--global-palette6: #718096;--global-palette7: #EDF2F7;--global-palette8: #F7FAFC;--global-palette9: #ffffff;} </style> <style id='kadence_blocks_css-inline-css' type='text/css'> .kb-row-layout-id21_050d03-6f > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-top:100px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:50px;padding-left:0px;grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id21_050d03-6f{background-image:url('https://mhs.ca/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/mp_background.png');background-size:cover;background-position:center center;background-attachment:scroll;background-repeat:no-repeat;}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id21_050d03-6f > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}.kadence-column21_b7981b-07 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column21_b7981b-07 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column21_b7981b-07 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column21_b7981b-07 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column21_b7981b-07 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}.kb-row-layout-id21_86bf48-17 > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-top:100px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id21_86bf48-17{background-color:#7098a4;}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id21_86bf48-17 > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-top:50px;grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}.kadence-column21_5667f6-65 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column21_5667f6-65 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column21_5667f6-65 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column21_5667f6-65 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column21_5667f6-65 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}.kb-row-layout-wrap.wp-block-kadence-rowlayout.kb-row-layout-id21_9f6b41-b9{margin-top:-150px;}.kb-row-layout-id21_9f6b41-b9 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:80px;row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem );padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id21_9f6b41-b9 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-wrap.wp-block-kadence-rowlayout.kb-row-layout-id21_9f6b41-b9{margin-top:-75px;}.kb-row-layout-id21_9f6b41-b9 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}.kadence-column21_c07b48-42 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column21_c07b48-42 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column21_c07b48-42 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column21_c07b48-42 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column21_c07b48-42 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}.kadence-column21_f8a932-56 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column21_f8a932-56 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column21_f8a932-56 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column21_f8a932-56, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column21_f8a932-56:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column21_f8a932-56 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column21_f8a932-56 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}.kb-row-layout-wrap.wp-block-kadence-rowlayout.kb-row-layout-id21_3563d2-33{margin-top:80px;margin-bottom:80px;}.kb-row-layout-id21_3563d2-33 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem );padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;grid-template-columns:minmax(0, calc(70% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem ) * 1 )/2)))minmax(0, calc(30% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem ) * 1 )/2)));}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id21_3563d2-33 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 2fr) minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-wrap.wp-block-kadence-rowlayout.kb-row-layout-id21_3563d2-33{margin-top:50px;margin-bottom:50px;}.kb-row-layout-id21_3563d2-33 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id21_3563d2-33 > .kt-row-column-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-column:nth-child(1){order:2;}.kb-row-layout-id21_3563d2-33 > .kt-row-column-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-column:nth-child(2){order:1;}.kb-row-layout-id21_3563d2-33 > .kt-row-column-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-column:nth-child(3){order:12;}.kb-row-layout-id21_3563d2-33 > .kt-row-column-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-column:nth-child(4){order:11;}.kb-row-layout-id21_3563d2-33 > .kt-row-column-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-column:nth-child(5){order:22;}.kb-row-layout-id21_3563d2-33 > .kt-row-column-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-column:nth-child(6){order:21;}.kb-row-layout-id21_3563d2-33 > .kt-row-column-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-column:nth-child(7){order:32;}.kb-row-layout-id21_3563d2-33 > .kt-row-column-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-column:nth-child(8){order:31;}}.kadence-column21_9ab0c1-b6 > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-right:70px;}.kadence-column21_9ab0c1-b6 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column21_9ab0c1-b6 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column21_9ab0c1-b6 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column21_9ab0c1-b6 > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-right:0px;flex-direction:column;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column21_9ab0c1-b6 > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column21_9ab0c1-b6, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column21_9ab0c1-b6:not(.specificity){margin-top:0px;}}.kb-row-layout-id21_7c2609-bc > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}@media all and (min-width: 1025px){.kb-row-layout-id21_7c2609-bc{display:none !important;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id21_7c2609-bc > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem );row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem );grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id21_7c2609-bc > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}.kadence-column21_e78d54-60 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column21_e78d54-60 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column21_e78d54-60 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column21_e78d54-60 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column21_e78d54-60 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}.kadence-column21_9ade0d-ef > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-left:30px;}.kadence-column21_9ade0d-ef > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column21_9ade0d-ef > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column21_9ade0d-ef > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column21_9ade0d-ef, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column21_9ade0d-ef:not(.specificity){margin-top:-570px;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column21_9ade0d-ef > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column21_9ade0d-ef, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column21_9ade0d-ef:not(.specificity){margin-top:0px;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column21_9ade0d-ef > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column21_9ade0d-ef, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column21_9ade0d-ef:not(.specificity){margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;}}.kb-row-layout-id21_f9ff9c-66 > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id21_f9ff9c-66 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem );row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem );grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id21_f9ff9c-66{display:none !important;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id21_f9ff9c-66 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id21_f9ff9c-66{display:none !important;}}.kadence-column21_7d2b4f-95 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column21_7d2b4f-95 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column21_7d2b4f-95 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column21_7d2b4f-95 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column21_7d2b4f-95 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}.kb-row-layout-wrap.wp-block-kadence-rowlayout.kb-row-layout-id21_09238e-2e{margin-top:50px;margin-bottom:50px;}.kb-row-layout-id21_09238e-2e > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id21_09238e-2e > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id21_09238e-2e{display:none !important;}}.kadence-column21_e163ce-c3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:2.5em;padding-right:24em;padding-bottom:2.5em;padding-left:2.5em;}.kadence-column21_e163ce-c3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column21_e163ce-c3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column21_e163ce-c3 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column21_e163ce-c3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{background-color:rgba(117, 152, 164, 0.75);}.kadence-column21_e163ce-c3, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column21_e163ce-c3:not(.specificity){margin-right:-24em;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column21_e163ce-c3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-left:1em;flex-direction:column;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column21_e163ce-c3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-right:1.5em;padding-left:1.5em;flex-direction:column;}}.kb-row-layout-wrap.wp-block-kadence-rowlayout.kb-row-layout-id21_741688-32{margin-top:50px;margin-bottom:50px;}.kb-row-layout-id21_741688-32 > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}@media all and (min-width: 1025px){.kb-row-layout-id21_741688-32{display:none !important;}}@media all and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id21_741688-32{display:none !important;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-wrap.wp-block-kadence-rowlayout.kb-row-layout-id21_741688-32{margin-bottom:0px;}.kb-row-layout-id21_741688-32 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}.kadence-column21_28156f-4e > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:10%;padding-right:100%;padding-bottom:5%;padding-left:10%;}.kadence-column21_28156f-4e > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column21_28156f-4e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column21_28156f-4e > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column21_28156f-4e > .kt-inside-inner-col{background-color:rgba(117, 152, 164, 0.75);}.kadence-column21_28156f-4e, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column21_28156f-4e:not(.specificity){margin-right:-100%;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column21_28156f-4e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column21_28156f-4e > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-right:17%;padding-left:17%;flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column21_28156f-4e, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column21_28156f-4e:not(.specificity){margin-right:-25%;margin-left:-25%;}}.kb-row-layout-id21_231dc5-f3 > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-top:30px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:30px;padding-left:0px;grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-wrap.wp-block-kadence-rowlayout.kb-row-layout-id21_231dc5-f3{margin-top:0px;}.kb-row-layout-id21_231dc5-f3 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}.kadence-column21_2ad0ba-7e > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column21_2ad0ba-7e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column21_2ad0ba-7e > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column21_2ad0ba-7e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column21_2ad0ba-7e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}.kb-row-layout-id21_bde1fb-86 > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id21_bde1fb-86 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}.kadence-column21_90bcaa-47 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column21_90bcaa-47 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column21_90bcaa-47 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column21_90bcaa-47 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column21_90bcaa-47 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}.kb-row-layout-id21_7af8bd-cd > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-top:50px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:50px;padding-left:0px;grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id21_7af8bd-cd > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}.kadence-column21_f8046a-5a > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column21_f8046a-5a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column21_f8046a-5a > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column21_f8046a-5a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column21_f8046a-5a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}.kb-row-layout-id_91c6f5-3a > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.kb-row-layout-id_91c6f5-3a > .kt-row-column-wrap > div:not(.added-for-specificity){grid-column:initial;}.kb-row-layout-id_91c6f5-3a > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id_91c6f5-3a > .kt-row-column-wrap > div:not(.added-for-specificity){grid-column:initial;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id_91c6f5-3a > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id_91c6f5-3a > .kt-row-column-wrap > div:not(.added-for-specificity){grid-column:initial;}.kb-row-layout-id_91c6f5-3a > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}.kadence-column_b5280c-3b > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-left:1px solid #000000;}.kadence-column_b5280c-3b > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column_b5280c-3b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column_b5280c-3b > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column_b5280c-3b > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-left:1px solid #000000;flex-direction:column;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column_b5280c-3b > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top:0px solid #000000;border-right:0px solid #000000;border-bottom:0px solid #000000;border-left:0px solid #000000;flex-direction:column;}}.kb-image_e898cd-04 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}.kb-row-layout-id_02a19c-fe > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-top:20px;padding-right:30px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:30px;grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id_02a19c-fe > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-right:0px;padding-left:0px;grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}.kadence-column_454989-89 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column_454989-89 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column_454989-89 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column_454989-89 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column_454989-89 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}.kadence-column_81db27-81 > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-left:1px solid #000000;}.kadence-column_81db27-81 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column_81db27-81 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column_81db27-81 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column_81db27-81 > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-left:1px solid #000000;flex-direction:column;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column_81db27-81 > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top:0px solid #000000;border-right:0px solid #000000;border-bottom:0px solid #000000;border-left:0px solid #000000;flex-direction:column;}}.kb-image_c84390-5e .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}.kb-row-layout-id_23c40d-6a > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-top:20px;padding-right:30px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:30px;grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id_23c40d-6a > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}.kadence-column_d96a3c-a2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column_d96a3c-a2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column_d96a3c-a2 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column_d96a3c-a2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column_d96a3c-a2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}.kadence-column_f386bb-e9 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column_f386bb-e9 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column_f386bb-e9 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column_f386bb-e9 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column_f386bb-e9 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}.kb-image_0a16ea-0e .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}.kb-row-layout-id_ce5aa9-93 > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-top:20px;padding-right:30px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:30px;grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id_ce5aa9-93 > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}.kadence-column_a3cc2b-e9 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column_a3cc2b-e9 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column_a3cc2b-e9 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column_a3cc2b-e9 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column_a3cc2b-e9 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}} </style> <style id='block-visibility-screen-size-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /* Large screens (desktops, 992px and up) */ @media ( min-width: 992px ) { .block-visibility-hide-large-screen { display: none !important; } } /* Medium screens (tablets, between 768px and 992px) */ @media ( min-width: 768px ) and ( max-width: 991.98px ) { .block-visibility-hide-medium-screen { display: none !important; } } /* Small screens (mobile devices, less than 768px) */ @media ( max-width: 767.98px ) { .block-visibility-hide-small-screen { display: none !important; } } </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/recaptcha-woo/js/rcfwc.js?ver=1.0" id="rcfwc-js-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?explicit&hl=en_CA" id="recaptcha-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/js/jquery-blockui/jquery.blockUI.min.js?ver=2.7.0-wc.9.5.2" id="jquery-blockui-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wc-add-to-cart-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wc_add_to_cart_params = {"ajax_url":"\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","wc_ajax_url":"\/?wc-ajax=%%endpoint%%","i18n_view_cart":"View cart","cart_url":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/cart\/","is_cart":"","cart_redirect_after_add":"no"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/js/frontend/add-to-cart.min.js?ver=9.5.2" id="wc-add-to-cart-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/js/js-cookie/js.cookie.min.js?ver=2.1.4-wc.9.5.2" id="js-cookie-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="woocommerce-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var woocommerce_params = {"ajax_url":"\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","wc_ajax_url":"\/?wc-ajax=%%endpoint%%"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/js/frontend/woocommerce.min.js?ver=9.5.2" id="woocommerce-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/mhs/js/animated-menu.js?ver=7d5a4b6ff143c278a8531af4fdf43ce2" id="animated-menu-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://kit.fontawesome.com/d6d5f8437c.js?ver=7d5a4b6ff143c278a8531af4fdf43ce2" id="mhs-fontawesome-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/mhs/js/dflip/js/dflip.min.js" id="dflip-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://stats.wp.com/s-202508.js" id="woocommerce-analytics-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wc-settings-dep-in-header-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ console.warn( "Scripts that have a dependency on [wc-settings, wc-blocks-checkout] must be loaded in the footer, automatewoo-marketing-optin-editor-script was registered to load in the header, but has been switched to load in the footer instead. See https://github.com/woocommerce/woocommerce-gutenberg-products-block/pull/5059" ); /* ]]> */ </script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.mhs.ca/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://www.mhs.ca/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/21" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://www.mhs.ca/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://www.mhs.ca/?p=21' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://www.mhs.ca/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mhs.ca%2Fprairie-history%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://www.mhs.ca/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mhs.ca%2Fprairie-history%2F&format=xml" /> <meta name="cdp-version" content="1.4.9" /> <style>img#wpstats{display:none}</style> <noscript><style>.woocommerce-product-gallery{ opacity: 1 !important; }</style></noscript> <style type="text/css"> .site-title, .site-description { position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); } </style> <style class='wp-fonts-local' type='text/css'> @font-face{font-family:Inter;font-style:normal;font-weight:300 900;font-display:fallback;src:url('https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/fonts/Inter-VariableFont_slnt,wght.woff2') format('woff2');font-stretch:normal;} @font-face{font-family:Cardo;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url('https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/fonts/cardo_normal_400.woff2') format('woff2');} </style> <link rel="icon" href="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/MHS_fav-100x100.jpg" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/MHS_fav.jpg" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/MHS_fav.jpg" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/MHS_fav.jpg" /> </head> <body class="page-template-default page page-id-21 page-parent wp-custom-logo wp-embed-responsive theme-mhs woocommerce-no-js no-sidebar"> <div id="page" class="site"> <a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="#content">Skip to content</a> <header id="masthead" class="site-header alignfull"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="site-branding"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/" class="custom-logo-link" rel="home"><img width="530" height="294" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/MHS_Logo.png" class="custom-logo" alt="Manitoba Historical Society" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/MHS_Logo.png 530w, https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/MHS_Logo-300x166.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 530px) 100vw, 530px" /></a> <p class="site-title"><a href="https://www.mhs.ca/" rel="home">Manitoba Historical Society</a></p> <p class="site-description">Keeping history alive for over 145 years</p> </div><!-- .site-branding --> <button class="c-hamburger c-hamburger--htx mobile" id="bar_menu"> <span>toggle menu</span> </button> <div class="header-nav"> <div class="top-menu desktop"> <div id="secondary-navigation"> <div class="menu-secondary-menu-container"><ul id="secondary-menu" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-65" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-65"><a href="https://www.mhs.ca/contact/">Contact</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5702" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-product_cat menu-item-5702"><a href="https://www.mhs.ca/product-category/membership/">Subscribe</a></li> <li id="menu-item-66" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-66"><a href="https://www.mhs.ca/get-involved/donate/">Donate</a></li> <li id="menu-item-67" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-67"><a href="https://www.mhs.ca/shop/">Shop</a></li> </ul></div> <div class="menu-icon"> <form id="searchform" method="get" action="https://www.mhs.ca"> <div> <input id="s" name="s" type="text" value="" placeholder="Search mhs.ca" onfocus="if (this.value == '') {this.value = '';}" onblur="if (this.value == '') {this.value = '';}" size="32" tabindex="1"> <input id="searchsubmit" type="image" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/mhs/img/icon-search.svg" name="search" alt="Search" class="button" /> </div> </form> </div> <div class="menu-icon"> <a href="/cart"><img src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/mhs/img/icon-cart.svg" alt="shopping cart icon" /></a> </div> <div class="menu-icon"> <a href="/login">Login</a> </div> </div> </div> <nav id="site-navigation" class="main-navigation"> <ul id="primary-menu" class="menu nav-menu" aria-expanded="false"> <li class="menu-item parent-item"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/about-us/" class="parent-link">About Us</a> <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="mobile menu-trigger"></a> <div class="sub-menu"> <div class="background"></div> <div class="menu-title-background"></div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="menu-title">About Us</div> <ul> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/about-us/">About Us</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/about-us/governance/">Governance</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/about-us/annual-reports/">Annual Reports</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/about-us/annual-general-meeting/">Annual General Meeting</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/about-us/our-blog/">Our Blog</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/about-us/newsletter/">Newsletter</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/awards/">Awards</a> </li> </ul> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="menu-close">X</a> </div> </div> </li><li class="menu-item parent-item"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/get-involved/" class="parent-link">Get Involved</a> <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="mobile menu-trigger"></a> <div class="sub-menu"> <div class="background"></div> <div class="menu-title-background"></div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="menu-title">Get Involved</div> <ul> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/get-involved/">Get Involved</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/get-involved/donate/">Donate</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/get-involved/become-a-member/">Become A Member</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/get-involved/research/">Research & Volunteer</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/get-involved/advocating-for-heritage/">Advocating for Heritage</a> </li> </ul> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="menu-close">X</a> </div> </div> </li><li class="menu-item parent-item"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/prairie-history/" class="parent-link">Prairie History</a> <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="mobile menu-trigger"></a> <div class="sub-menu"> <div class="background"></div> <div class="menu-title-background"></div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="menu-title">Prairie History</div> <ul> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/prairie-history/">Prairie History</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/prairie-history/past-issues/">Past Issues</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/prairie-history/contributor-guidelines/">Contributor Guidelines</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/prairie-history/editorial-team/">Editorial Team</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/prairie-history/letters-to-the-editor/">Letters to the Editor</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/research/manitoba-history/">Manitoba History</a> </li> </ul> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="menu-close">X</a> </div> </div> </li><li class="menu-item "> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/research/" class="">Research</a> </li><li class="menu-item "> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/events-2/" class="">Events</a> </li><li class="menu-item "> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/archives/" class="">Archives</a> </li> </ul> <div class="top-menu mobile"> <div class="secondary-navigation"> <div class="menu-secondary-menu-container"><ul id="menu-secondary-menu" class="menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-65"><a href="https://www.mhs.ca/contact/">Contact</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-product_cat menu-item-5702"><a href="https://www.mhs.ca/product-category/membership/">Subscribe</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-66"><a href="https://www.mhs.ca/get-involved/donate/">Donate</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-67"><a href="https://www.mhs.ca/shop/">Shop</a></li> </ul></div> <div class="menu-icon"> <form id="searchform" method="get" action="https://www.mhs.ca"> <div> <input id="s" name="s" type="text" value="" placeholder="Search mhs.ca" onfocus="if (this.value == '') {this.value = '';}" onblur="if (this.value == '') {this.value = '';}" size="32" tabindex="1"> <input id="searchsubmit" type="image" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/mhs/img/icon-search.svg" name="search" alt="Search" class="button" /> </div> </form> </div> <div class="menu-icon"> <a href="/cart"><img src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/mhs/img/icon-cart.svg" alt="shopping cart icon" /></a> </div> <div class="menu-icon"> <a href="/login">Login</a> </div> </div> </div> </nav><!-- #site-navigation --> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> </header><!-- #masthead --> <div class="newsletter-signup-wrapper"> <div class="newsletter-signup"> <div class="top"> <i class="fa-regular fa-envelope"></i> <div class="newsletter-title">Sign up for our Newsletter!</div> <div class="close"></div> </div> <div class="bottom"> <div class="content"><p>Find out about MHS events, activities and more from our monthly newsletter.</p> </div> <script type="text/javascript"></script> <div class='gf_browser_chrome gform_wrapper gravity-theme gform-theme--no-framework' data-form-theme='gravity-theme' data-form-index='0' id='gform_wrapper_1' ><form method='post' enctype='multipart/form-data' id='gform_1' action='/prairie-history/' data-formid='1' novalidate> <div class='gform-body gform_body'><div id='gform_fields_1' class='gform_fields top_label form_sublabel_below description_below validation_below'><div id="field_1_1" class="gfield gfield--type-email field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible" data-js-reload="field_1_1" ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_1_1'>Email</label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_email'> <input name='input_1' id='input_1_1' type='email' value='' class='large' aria-invalid="false" /> </div></div></div></div> <div class='gform-footer gform_footer top_label'> <input type='submit' id='gform_submit_button_1' class='gform_button button' onclick='gform.submission.handleButtonClick(this);' value='Subscribe' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_submission_method' data-js='gform_submission_method_1' value='postback' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_theme' data-js='gform_theme_1' id='gform_theme_1' value='gravity-theme' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_style_settings' data-js='gform_style_settings_1' id='gform_style_settings_1' value='[]' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='is_submit_1' value='1' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_submit' value='1' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_unique_id' value='' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='state_1' value='WyJbXSIsImM2NDJkMjZhNDAxN2Q4MWUzNTViNDIyMzE4NTdiNjBiIl0=' /> <input type='hidden' autocomplete='off' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_target_page_number_1' id='gform_target_page_number_1' value='0' /> <input type='hidden' autocomplete='off' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_source_page_number_1' id='gform_source_page_number_1' value='1' /> <input type='hidden' name='gform_field_values' value='' /> </div> </form> </div><script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ gform.initializeOnLoaded( function() {gformInitSpinner( 1, 'https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/images/spinner.svg', true );jQuery('#gform_ajax_frame_1').on('load',function(){var contents = jQuery(this).contents().find('*').html();var is_postback = contents.indexOf('GF_AJAX_POSTBACK') >= 0;if(!is_postback){return;}var form_content = jQuery(this).contents().find('#gform_wrapper_1');var is_confirmation = jQuery(this).contents().find('#gform_confirmation_wrapper_1').length > 0;var is_redirect = contents.indexOf('gformRedirect(){') >= 0;var is_form = form_content.length > 0 && ! is_redirect && ! is_confirmation;var mt = parseInt(jQuery('html').css('margin-top'), 10) + parseInt(jQuery('body').css('margin-top'), 10) + 100;if(is_form){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_1').html(form_content.html());if(form_content.hasClass('gform_validation_error')){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_1').addClass('gform_validation_error');} else {jQuery('#gform_wrapper_1').removeClass('gform_validation_error');}setTimeout( function() { /* delay the scroll by 50 milliseconds to fix a bug in chrome */ }, 50 );if(window['gformInitDatepicker']) {gformInitDatepicker();}if(window['gformInitPriceFields']) {gformInitPriceFields();}var current_page = jQuery('#gform_source_page_number_1').val();gformInitSpinner( 1, 'https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/images/spinner.svg', true );jQuery(document).trigger('gform_page_loaded', [1, current_page]);window['gf_submitting_1'] = false;}else if(!is_redirect){var confirmation_content = jQuery(this).contents().find('.GF_AJAX_POSTBACK').html();if(!confirmation_content){confirmation_content = contents;}jQuery('#gform_wrapper_1').replaceWith(confirmation_content);jQuery(document).trigger('gform_confirmation_loaded', [1]);window['gf_submitting_1'] = false;wp.a11y.speak(jQuery('#gform_confirmation_message_1').text());}else{jQuery('#gform_1').append(contents);if(window['gformRedirect']) {gformRedirect();}}jQuery(document).trigger("gform_pre_post_render", [{ formId: "1", currentPage: "current_page", abort: function() { this.preventDefault(); } }]); if (event && event.defaultPrevented) { return; } const gformWrapperDiv = document.getElementById( "gform_wrapper_1" ); if ( gformWrapperDiv ) { const visibilitySpan = document.createElement( "span" ); visibilitySpan.id = "gform_visibility_test_1"; gformWrapperDiv.insertAdjacentElement( "afterend", visibilitySpan ); } const visibilityTestDiv = document.getElementById( "gform_visibility_test_1" ); let postRenderFired = false; function triggerPostRender() { if ( postRenderFired ) { return; } postRenderFired = true; jQuery( document ).trigger( 'gform_post_render', [1, current_page] ); gform.utils.trigger( { event: 'gform/postRender', native: false, data: { formId: 1, currentPage: current_page } } ); gform.utils.trigger( { event: 'gform/post_render', native: false, data: { formId: 1, currentPage: current_page } } ); if ( visibilityTestDiv ) { visibilityTestDiv.parentNode.removeChild( visibilityTestDiv ); } } function debounce( func, wait, immediate ) { var timeout; return function() { var context = this, args = arguments; var later = function() { timeout = null; if ( !immediate ) func.apply( context, args ); }; var callNow = immediate && !timeout; clearTimeout( timeout ); timeout = setTimeout( later, wait ); if ( callNow ) func.apply( context, args ); }; } const debouncedTriggerPostRender = debounce( function() { triggerPostRender(); }, 200 ); if ( visibilityTestDiv && visibilityTestDiv.offsetParent === null ) { const observer = new MutationObserver( ( mutations ) => { mutations.forEach( ( mutation ) => { if ( mutation.type === 'attributes' && visibilityTestDiv.offsetParent !== null ) { debouncedTriggerPostRender(); observer.disconnect(); } }); }); observer.observe( document.body, { attributes: true, childList: false, subtree: true, attributeFilter: [ 'style', 'class' ], }); } else { triggerPostRender(); } } );} ); /* ]]> */ </script> </div> </div> </div> <div id="content" class="site-content"> <div id="primary" class="content-area"> <main id="main" class="site-main"> <article id="post-21" class="post-21 page type-page status-publish hentry"> <div class="entry-content"> <div class="kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id21_050d03-6f alignfull kt-row-has-bg wp-block-kadence-rowlayout"><div class="kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top"> <div class="wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column21_b7981b-07 inner-column-1"><div class="kt-inside-inner-col"><div class="kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id21_86bf48-17 alignfull kt-row-has-bg wp-block-kadence-rowlayout"><div class="kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top"> <div class="wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column21_5667f6-65 inner-column-1"><div class="kt-inside-inner-col"></div></div> </div></div> <div class="kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id21_9f6b41-b9 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout"><div class="kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top"> <div class="wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column21_c07b48-42 inner-column-1"><div class="kt-inside-inner-col"><h1 class="wp-block-heading is-style-serif has-white-color has-text-color" style="font-style:normal;font-weight:400">Prairie <br>History</h1> <div style="height:50px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> <p class="has-white-color has-text-color"><em>Prairie History</em> covers the histories of Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Alberta, as well as the US borderlands. Our goal is to publish the latest and best original work of young and experienced scholars, professionals and amateurs, as well as heritage news and commentaries related to archival and museum collections across the West.</p> <p class="has-white-color has-text-color"><em>Prairie History</em> is illustrated and published in full colour, in print and digital formats.</p> <p class="has-white-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-31c360f41fabdd3a97ac8f2e1447e86e"><a href="https://www.mhs.ca/prairie-history/contributor-guidelines/" title="">Contributor guidelines are available here.</a></p></div></div> <div class="wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column21_f8a932-56 inner-column-2"><div class="kt-inside-inner-col"></div></div> </div></div></div></div> </div></div><div class="kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id21_3563d2-33 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout"><div class="kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-left-golden kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top"> <div class="wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column21_9ab0c1-b6 inner-column-1"><div class="kt-inside-inner-col"><div class="kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id21_7c2609-bc alignnone kb-v-lg-hidden wp-block-kadence-rowlayout"><div class="kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top"> <div class="wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column21_e78d54-60"><div class="kt-inside-inner-col"><div class="wp-block-getwid-custom-post-type custom-post-type-prairie_history has-layout-grid"> <div class="wp-block-getwid-custom-post-type__wrapper getwid-columns getwid-columns-1"> <div class='wp-block-getwid-custom-post-type__post'> <div class="wp-block-getwid-custom-post-type__post-wrapper current-prairie-history is-style-sans-serif"> <div class="wp-block-getwid-custom-post-type__post-thumbnail"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/prairie_history/prairie-history-15/"><img decoding="async" width="300" height="388" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/PH15cover-300x388.jpg" class="attachment-current-issue size-current-issue wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/PH15cover-300x388.jpg 300w, https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/PH15cover-232x300.jpg 232w, https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/PH15cover.jpg 600w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a> </div> <div class="wp-block-getwid-custom-post-type__content-wrapper has-black-color"> <div class="wp-block-getwid-custom-post-type__post-header"> <p>CURRENT ISSUE</p> <h2 class="wp-block-getwid-custom-post-type__post-title"><a href="https://www.mhs.ca/prairie_history/prairie-history-15/"> Prairie History # 15 <br/> Fall 2024 </a></h2> </div> <p><p>Frank [Franz] Johnston, <em>What Greets the Eye When You Look Back at the Pilot</em>, 1918.</p> <p>Johnston (1888–1949) was an official war artist at Royal Air Force (Canada) schools in southern Ontario (1918–1919). He became a founding member of the Group of Seven (1920–1924) and Principal of the Winnipeg School of Art (1921–1924). Credit: Canadian War Museum, Beaverbrook Collection of War Art, 19710261-0288.</p> </p> <div class="is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons has-white-color"> <div class="wp-block-button" style="position: relative;"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="wp-block-button__link has-white-color has-black-background-color wp-element-button prompt-trigger" style="position: relative;">READ NOW</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div> </div></div> <div class="single"> <div class="issue-content"> <h2>IN THIS ISSUE</h2> <hr/> <div class="issue-section"> <h3>Editorial</h3> <ul> <li> <b><p>The Path to the Stars: The Royal Canadian Air Force Over the Prairies</p> </b> <p>BY Jim Bell | President, Canadian Aviation Historical Society (Manitoba Chapter)</p> <a class="prompt-trigger"></a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="issue-section"> <h3>Feature Articles</h3> <ul> <li> <b><p>Replicating the Canadian Vickers Vedette Flying Boat</p> </b> <p>BY Tracey Turner | Winnipeg, Manitoba</p> <a class="prompt-trigger"></a> </li> <li> <b><p>Flying Start from Victoria Beach</p> </b> <p>BY Hedley Auld | Winnipeg, Manitoba</p> <a class="prompt-trigger"></a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="issue-section"> <h3>Prairie Pageant</h3> <ul> <li> <b><p>Paul Yettvart Davoud: An Unparalleled Career in Canadian Aviation</p> </b> <p>BY David Riach | Winnipeg, Manitoba</p> <a class="prompt-trigger"></a> </li> <li> <b><p>A Prairie Boy Aviator: The Amazing Punch Dickins</p> </b> <p>BY Fredrick Petrie | Winnipeg, Manitoba</p> <a class="prompt-trigger"></a> </li> <li> <b><p>“Like a Big Wounded Bird”: Canada’s First Commercial Air Accident Investigation</p> </b> <p>BY James Kostuchuk | Portage la Prairie, Manitoba</p> <a class="prompt-trigger"></a> </li> <li> <b><p>Celebrating Prairie Aviation Heritage: The Commonwealth Air Training Plan Museum</p> </b> <p>BY Zoë McQuinn | Commonwealth Air Training Plan Museum, Brandon, Manitoba</p> <a class="prompt-trigger"></a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="issue-section"> <h3>Book Reviews</h3> <ul> <li> <b><p>Brigadier General Terry Leversedge (Ret’d), <em>Aircraft of the Royal Canadian Air Force: A Centennial History, 1924–2024</em>, Astra, Ontario, Royal Canadian Air Force, Base Trenton. 2024, 444 pages. ISBN 78-0-660-69744-4.</p> </b> <p>BY Bill Zuk | Winnipeg, Manitoba</p> <a class="prompt-trigger"></a> </li> <li> <b><p>RCAF Major Mathias Joost (Ret’d), <em>Answering the Call: A History of the Royal Canadian Air Force’s Non-commissioned Members</em>, Astra, Ontario, Royal Canadian Air Force, Base Trenton, Astra, Ontario, 2024, 118 pages. ISBN: 978-0-660-47579-0</p> </b> <p>BY Bill Zuk | Winnipeg, Manitoba</p> <a class="prompt-trigger"></a> </li> <li> <b><p>Mike Bechthold, Richard Mayne, and Brad St. Croix, <em>100 Objects for 100 Years: A History for the Royal Canadian Air Force Centennial</em>, Royal Canadian Air Force, Base Trenton, Astra, Ontario, 2024, 192 pages. ISBN 978-0-660-69748-2.</p> </b> <p>BY Bill Zuk | Winnipeg, Manitoba</p> <a class="prompt-trigger"></a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="issue-section"> <h3>Artifactual</h3> <ul> <li> <b><p>Chinese Pilots in Saskatoon Skies: The Keng Wah Aviation School, 1919–1922</p> </b> <p>BY Harris Ford | Saskatoon, Saskatchewan</p> <a class="prompt-trigger"></a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="issue-section"> <h3>Prairie Gazette</h3> <ul> <li> <b><p>Bush Planes: The Link Connecting Canada’s South to Its Hinterland</p> </b> <p>BY Greg Thomas & Sheila Grover</p> <a class="prompt-trigger"></a> </li> <li> <b><p>Aviation Museums in Prairie Canada</p> </b> <p>BY Greg Thomas & Sheila Grover</p> <a class="prompt-trigger"></a> </li> <li> <b><p>Plaques Honour a British Commonwealth Air Training Plan Site</p> </b> <p>BY Greg Thomas & Sheila Grover</p> <a class="prompt-trigger"></a> </li> <li> <b><p>New From the Mint</p> </b> <p>BY Greg Thomas & Sheila Grover</p> <a class="prompt-trigger"></a> </li> <li> <b><p>RCAF 4 Wing Cold Lake paint a special fighter jet</p> </b> <p>BY Greg Thomas & Sheila Grover</p> <a class="prompt-trigger"></a> </li> <li> <b><p>Flying the CF-104 Starfighter</p> </b> <p>BY Gary Hook | Winnipeg, Manitoba</p> <a class="prompt-trigger"></a> </li> <li> <b><p>Water Bombers Fight Fires</p> </b> <p>BY Greg Thomas & Sheila Grover</p> <a class="prompt-trigger"></a> </li> <li> <b><p>Western Canadian History Conference</p> </b> <p>BY Shannon Stunden Bower | University of Alberta</p> <a class="prompt-trigger"></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div></div></div> <div class="wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column21_9ade0d-ef inner-column-2"><div class="kt-inside-inner-col"><div class="kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id21_f9ff9c-66 alignnone kb-v-md-hidden kb-v-sm-hidden wp-block-kadence-rowlayout"><div class="kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top"> <div class="wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column21_7d2b4f-95"><div class="kt-inside-inner-col"><div class="wp-block-getwid-custom-post-type custom-post-type-prairie_history has-layout-grid"> <div class="wp-block-getwid-custom-post-type__wrapper getwid-columns getwid-columns-1"> <div class='wp-block-getwid-custom-post-type__post'> <div class="wp-block-getwid-custom-post-type__post-wrapper current-prairie-history is-style-sans-serif"> <div class="wp-block-getwid-custom-post-type__post-thumbnail"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/prairie_history/prairie-history-15/"><img decoding="async" width="300" height="388" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/PH15cover-300x388.jpg" class="attachment-current-issue size-current-issue wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/PH15cover-300x388.jpg 300w, https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/PH15cover-232x300.jpg 232w, https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/PH15cover.jpg 600w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a> </div> <div class="wp-block-getwid-custom-post-type__content-wrapper has-black-color"> <div class="wp-block-getwid-custom-post-type__post-header"> <p>CURRENT ISSUE</p> <h2 class="wp-block-getwid-custom-post-type__post-title"><a href="https://www.mhs.ca/prairie_history/prairie-history-15/"> Prairie History # 15 <br/> Fall 2024 </a></h2> </div> <p><p>Frank [Franz] Johnston, <em>What Greets the Eye When You Look Back at the Pilot</em>, 1918.</p> <p>Johnston (1888–1949) was an official war artist at Royal Air Force (Canada) schools in southern Ontario (1918–1919). He became a founding member of the Group of Seven (1920–1924) and Principal of the Winnipeg School of Art (1921–1924). Credit: Canadian War Museum, Beaverbrook Collection of War Art, 19710261-0288.</p> </p> <div class="is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons has-white-color"> <div class="wp-block-button" style="position: relative;"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="wp-block-button__link has-white-color has-black-background-color wp-element-button prompt-trigger" style="position: relative;">READ NOW</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div> </div></div> <div class="kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id21_09238e-2e alignnone kb-v-sm-hidden wp-block-kadence-rowlayout"><div class="kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top"> <div class="wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column21_e163ce-c3 inner-column-1"><div class="kt-inside-inner-col"><h2 class="wp-block-heading is-style-serif has-large-font-size">Collect<br>your copy!</h2> <p>This issue has been mailed to subscribers and is available for purchase in print or digital.</p> <div class="wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex"><div class="wp-block-button"><a class="wp-block-button__link has-white-color has-black-background-color has-text-color has-background wp-element-button" href="https://mhs.ca/product/prairie-history-issue-13-winter-2024/?attribute_type=PRINT">BUY PRINT</a></div></div> <div style="height:10px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> <div class="wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex"><div class="wp-block-button"><a class="wp-block-button__link has-black-color has-white-background-color has-text-color has-background wp-element-button" href="https://mhs.ca/product/prairie-history-issue-13-winter-2024/?attribute_type=DIGITAL">BUY DIGITAL</a></div></div> <div class="wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex"><div class="wp-block-button"><a class="wp-block-button__link has-black-color has-text-color has-background wp-element-button" href="https://mhs.ca/prairie-history/retailers/" style="background-color:#ffffff00">FIND RETAILER</a></div></div></div></div> </div></div> <div style="height:50px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer block-visibility-hide-large-screen block-visibility-hide-medium-screen"></div> <p class="has-black-color has-text-color">The journal <em>Prairie History</em> (ISSN 2562-8976 print | 2562-8984 online), published by the <a href="https://mhs.ca/about-us/" data-type="page" data-id="17">Manitoba Historical Society</a>, combines scholarly articles with popular history as well as book reviews and other specialty pieces. The <em>Prairie Gazette</em> heritage newsletter is also part of each issue. It is the only journal in Canada to combine these diverse approaches in one place.</p> <p class="has-black-color has-text-color">In 2020, <em>Prairie History</em> replaced <em><a href="https://mhs.ca/research-archives/manitoba-history/" data-type="page" data-id="367">Manitoba History</a></em>.</p> <p class="has-black-color has-text-color"><a href="https://mhs.ca/prairie-history/contributor-guidelines/">Contributor guidelines, including formatting conventions for manuscripts, are available here.</a></p> <p class="has-black-color has-text-color">Submissions to <em>Prairie History</em> are welcome and should be directed as follows:<br><a href="mailto:info@prairiehistory.net?subject=Featured article submission">Feature articles</a> | <a href="mailto:pageant@prairiehistory.net?subject=Prairie Pageant article submission"><em>Prairie Pageant</em> articles</a> | <a href="mailto:gazette@prairiehistory.net?subject=Prairie Gazette article submission"><em>Prairie Gazette</em> articles</a> | <a href="mailto:reviews@prairiehistory.net?subject=Review submission">Reviews</a></p></div></div> </div></div><div class="kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id21_741688-32 alignnone kb-v-lg-hidden kb-v-md-hidden wp-block-kadence-rowlayout"><div class="kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top"> <div class="wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column21_28156f-4e inner-column-1"><div class="kt-inside-inner-col"><h2 class="wp-block-heading is-style-serif has-large-font-size">Collect<br>your copy!</h2> <p>This issue has been mailed to subscribers and is available for purchase in print or digital.</p> <div class="wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex"><div class="wp-block-button"><a class="wp-block-button__link has-white-color has-black-background-color has-text-color has-background wp-element-button" href="https://mhs.ca/product/single-issue//?attribute_type=PRINT">BUY PRINT</a></div></div> <div style="height:10px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> <div class="wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex"><div class="wp-block-button"><a class="wp-block-button__link has-black-color has-white-background-color has-text-color has-background wp-element-button" href="https://mhs.ca/product/single-issue//?attribute_type=DIGITAL">BUY DIGITAL</a></div></div> <div class="wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex"><div class="wp-block-button"><a class="wp-block-button__link has-black-color has-text-color has-background wp-element-button" href="https://mhs.ca/prairie-history/retailers/" style="background-color:#ffffff00">FIND RETAILER</a></div></div></div></div> </div></div><div class="kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id21_231dc5-f3 alignfull has-clay-green-background-color kt-row-has-bg wp-block-kadence-rowlayout"><div class="kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top"> <div class="wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column21_2ad0ba-7e inner-column-1"><div class="kt-inside-inner-col"><div class="kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id21_bde1fb-86 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout"><div class="kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top"> <div class="wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column21_90bcaa-47 inner-column-1"><div class="kt-inside-inner-col"><p class="is-style-sans-serif has-medium-font-size" style="font-style:normal;font-weight:300">Keeping Manitoba and Prairie history alive for future generations</p></div></div> </div></div></div></div> </div></div><div class="kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id21_7af8bd-cd alignfull has-background-blue-background-color kt-row-has-bg wp-block-kadence-rowlayout"><div class="kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top"> <div class="wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column21_f8046a-5a inner-column-1"><div class="kt-inside-inner-col"><div class="kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id_91c6f5-3a alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout"><div class="kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-3-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top"> <div class="wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column_b5280c-3b inner-column-1"><div class="kt-inside-inner-col"><figure class="wp-block-kadence-image kb-image_e898cd-04 size-large kb-image-is-ratio-size"><div class="kb-is-ratio-image kb-image-ratio-port34"><img decoding="async" src="https://mhs.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/LGG2008-0008-780x1024.jpg" alt="MHS steamboat" class="kb-img wp-image-5739"/></div><figcaption>UPCOMING ISSUE</figcaption></figure> <div class="kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id_02a19c-fe alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout"><div class="kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top"> <div class="wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column_454989-89 inner-column-1"><div class="kt-inside-inner-col"><p class="is-style-sans-serif"><strong>PRAIRIE HISTORY </strong></p> <p class="is-style-serif">Subscribe now to get the latest issue of Prairie history mailed or emailed to you as its published.</p> <div class="wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex"><div class="wp-block-button"><a class="wp-block-button__link has-white-color has-black-background-color has-text-color has-background wp-element-button" href="https://mhs.ca/shop/" style="border-radius:0px">SUBSCRIBE</a></div></div></div></div> </div></div></div></div> <div class="wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column_81db27-81 inner-column-3"><div class="kt-inside-inner-col"><figure class="wp-block-kadence-image kb-image_c84390-5e size-large kb-image-is-ratio-size"><div class="kb-is-ratio-image kb-image-ratio-port34"><img decoding="async" src="https://mhs.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/LGG2009-0023-889x1024.jpg" alt="MHS steamboat and birch bark canoe" class="kb-img wp-image-5742"/></div><figcaption>LETTERS TO EDITOR</figcaption></figure> <div class="kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id_23c40d-6a alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout"><div class="kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top"> <div class="wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column_d96a3c-a2 inner-column-1"><div class="kt-inside-inner-col"><p class="is-style-sans-serif"><strong>WE WANT TO HEAR FROM YOU</strong></p> <p class="is-style-serif">Readers’ responses to articles published in Prairie History are welcome. Letters that add substantial information or new perspectives may be published, and will be edited for clarity and length at the discretion of the Editor.</p> <div class="wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex"><div class="wp-block-button"><a class="wp-block-button__link has-white-color has-black-background-color has-text-color has-background wp-element-button" href="mailto:info@prairiehistory.net?subject=Letters to the Editor" style="border-radius:0px">CONNECT</a></div></div></div></div> </div></div></div></div> <div class="wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column_f386bb-e9"><div class="kt-inside-inner-col"><figure class="wp-block-kadence-image kb-image_0a16ea-0e size-large kb-image-is-ratio-size"><div class="kb-is-ratio-image kb-image-ratio-port34"><img decoding="async" width="994" height="1024" src="https://mhs.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/LGG2008-0015-994x1024.jpg" alt="MHS megaphone" class="kb-img wp-image-5741" srcset="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/LGG2008-0015-994x1024.jpg 994w, https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/LGG2008-0015-291x300.jpg 291w, https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/LGG2008-0015-768x791.jpg 768w, https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/LGG2008-0015-1491x1536.jpg 1491w, https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/LGG2008-0015-1988x2048.jpg 1988w, https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/LGG2008-0015-300x309.jpg 300w, https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/LGG2008-0015-600x618.jpg 600w" sizes="(max-width: 994px) 100vw, 994px" /></div><figcaption>MANITOBA HISTORY</figcaption></figure> <div class="kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id_ce5aa9-93 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout"><div class="kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top"> <div class="wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column_a3cc2b-e9 inner-column-1"><div class="kt-inside-inner-col"><p class="is-style-sans-serif"><strong>AVAILABLE FOR PURCHASE</strong></p> <p class="is-style-serif">Manitoba History (1980 to 2019) published peer-reviewed scholarly, articles, documentary selections, essays, pictorial essays, and reviews relating to the social, economic, political, intellectual, and cultural history of Manitoba and the Canadian West.</p> <div class="wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex"><div class="wp-block-button"><a class="wp-block-button__link has-white-color has-black-background-color has-text-color has-background wp-element-button" href="https://mhs.ca/research-archives/manitoba-history/" style="border-radius:0px">SEE ALL</a></div></div></div></div> </div></div></div></div> </div></div></div></div> </div></div> </div><!-- .entry-content --> </article><!-- #post-21 --> </main><!-- #main --> </div><!-- #primary --> <div style="display: none;"> <div id="member_prompt"> <style>#kt-layout-id_acfb3e-86 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(#kt-layout-id_acfb3e-86 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}#kt-layout-id_acfb3e-86 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var( --global-kb-row-default-top, 25px );padding-bottom:var( --global-kb-row-default-bottom, 25px );padding-top:50px;padding-bottom:50px;padding-left:50px;padding-right:50px;grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}#kt-layout-id_acfb3e-86 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){#kt-layout-id_acfb3e-86 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){#kt-layout-id_acfb3e-86 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}</style> <div class="wp-block-kadence-rowlayout alignnone"><div id="kt-layout-id_acfb3e-86" class="kt-row-layout-inner kt-row-has-bg kt-layout-id_acfb3e-86 has-background-clay-green-background-color"><div class="kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-gutter-default kt-v-gutter-default kt-row-valign-top kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-m-colapse-left-to-right kt-mobile-layout-row"><style>.kadence-column_db235e-02 > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;}.kadence-column_db235e-02 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column_db235e-02 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column_db235e-02 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column_db235e-02 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column_db235e-02 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column_db235e-02 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column_db235e-02{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column_db235e-02 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column_db235e-02 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}</style> <div class="wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-1 kadence-column_db235e-02"><div class="kt-inside-inner-col"><h2 class="wp-block-heading">Member Access Only</h2> <p>An active Digital Membership Subscription or Single Issue purchase is needed to view Prairie History issues. Please login or sign up.</p> <div class="wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex"><div class="wp-block-button"><a class="wp-block-button__link has-white-color has-black-background-color has-text-color has-background wp-element-button" href="https://mhs.ca/login/" style="border-radius:0px">LOGIN</a></div> <div class="wp-block-button"><a class="wp-block-button__link has-black-color has-white-background-color has-text-color has-background wp-element-button" href="https://mhs.ca/shop/" style="border-radius:0px">SIGN UP</a></div> <div class="wp-block-button"><a class="wp-block-button__link has-white-color has-blue-background-color has-text-color has-background wp-element-button" href="https://mhs.ca/get-involved/become-a-member/" style="border-radius:0px">MEMBER BENEFITS</a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> </div> </div> </div><!-- #content --> <footer id="colophon" class="site-footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="upper-footer has-black-background-color alignfull"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="reconcilation-statement"> <h2>RECONCILATION STATEMENT</h2> <div class="statement"> <p>The Manitoba Historical Society recognizes the role that we, as an organization, can play in supporting the calls to action made by the National Commission for Truth and Reconciliation. We also understand that before real change can happen, the truth must be revealed, and only then can we make the path clear for reconciliation. Our organization is committed to help educate, support, preserve, and promote Indigenous, First Nations, Métis, and Inuit histories, traditions, languages, and culture through our publications and online resources. We can help to address the systemic racism, discrimination, and marginalization that has been experienced by Indigenous communities in Canada.</p> <p>The Manitoba Historical Society office is located on original lands of Anishinaabeg, Cree, Oji-Cree, Dakota, and Dene peoples, and on the National Homeland of the Red River Métis. We respect the Treaties that were made on these territories, we acknowledge the harms and mistakes of the past, and we dedicate ourselves to move forward in partnership with Indigenous communities in a spirit of reconciliation and collaboration.</p> </div> </div> <div class="footer-menu has-white-color"> <div class="menu-footer-menu-container"><ul id="footer-menu" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-112" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-112"><a href="https://www.mhs.ca/terms-conditions/">Terms & Conditions</a></li> <li id="menu-item-111" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-111"><a href="https://www.mhs.ca/about-us/faqs/">FAQS</a></li> <li id="menu-item-113" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-113"><a href="https://www.mhs.ca/get-involved/donate/">Donate</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5701" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-product_cat menu-item-5701"><a href="https://www.mhs.ca/product-category/membership/">Join / Subscribe</a></li> </ul></div> </div> <div class="follow-us"> <h2>FOLLOW US</h2> <div class="social-links has-white-color"><a class="link" target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/manitobahistory"><i class="fa-brands fa-twitter"></i></a><a class="link" target="_blank" href="https://www.youtube.com/c/ManitobaHistoricalSociety/videos"><i class="fa-brands fa-youtube"></i></a><a class="link" target="_blank" href="https://www.instagram.com/manitobahistory/"><i class="fa-brands fa-instagram"></i></a><a class="link" target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/manitobahistory"><i class="fa-brands fa-facebook-f"></i></a><a class="link" target="_blank" href="https://www.tiktok.com/@manitobahistory"><i class="fa-brands fa-tiktok"></i></a></div> <div class="registration">BN: 122814601RR0001</div> <div class="member-login has-black-color"> <a href="/login">MEMBER <br/>LOGIN</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="alignfull"> <div class="site-info has-black-color"> Copyright © 2025 Manitoba Historical Society • <a href="/privacy-policy">PRIVACY POLICY</a> • <a href="/terms">TERMS</a> </div><!-- .site-info --> </div> </footer><!-- #colophon --> </div><!-- #page --> <!-- Instagram Feed JS --> <script type="text/javascript"> var sbiajaxurl = "https://www.mhs.ca/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php"; </script> <script type="text/javascript">jQuery(function($){ function load_moneris_payment_form_handler() { window.wc_moneris_payment_form_handler = new WC_Moneris_Payment_Form_Handler( {"plugin_id":"moneris","id":"moneris","id_dasherized":"moneris","type":"credit-card","csc_required":true,"csc_required_for_tokens":true,"environment":"prod","isCheckoutLoggingEnabled":false,"isPayPageEnabled":false} );window.jQuery( document.body ).trigger( "update_checkout" ); } try { if ( 'undefined' !== typeof WC_Moneris_Payment_Form_Handler ) { load_moneris_payment_form_handler(); } else { window.jQuery( document.body ).on( 'wc_moneris_payment_form_handler_loaded', load_moneris_payment_form_handler ); } } catch ( err ) { var errorName = '', errorMessage = ''; if ( 'undefined' === typeof err || 0 === err.length || ! err ) { errorName = 'A script error has occurred.'; errorMessage = 'The script WC_Moneris_Payment_Form_Handler could not be loaded.'; } else { errorName = 'undefined' !== typeof err.name ? err.name : ''; errorMessage = 'undefined' !== typeof err.message ? err.message : ''; } jQuery.post( 'https://www.mhs.ca/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php', { action: 'wc_moneris_payment_form_log_script_event', security: '4150f862ef', name: errorName, message: errorMessage, } ); } });</script><script id="mcjs">!function(c,h,i,m,p){m=c.createElement(h),p=c.getElementsByTagName(h)[0],m.async=1,m.src=i,p.parentNode.insertBefore(m,p)}(document,"script","https://chimpstatic.com/mcjs-connected/js/users/aac4a66e488a62a411d01438d/7cd978400dc5836355eec78bf.js");</script> <script type='text/javascript'> (function () { var c = document.body.className; c = c.replace(/woocommerce-no-js/, 'woocommerce-js'); document.body.className = c; })(); </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wc-blocks-style-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/client/blocks/wc-blocks.css?ver=wc-9.5.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gform_basic-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/assets/css/dist/basic.min.css?ver=2.9.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gform_theme_components-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/assets/css/dist/theme-components.min.css?ver=2.9.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gform_theme-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/assets/css/dist/theme.min.css?ver=2.9.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='core-block-supports-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-elements-31c360f41fabdd3a97ac8f2e1447e86e a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){color:var(--wp--preset--color--white);} </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/js/selectWoo/selectWoo.full.min.js?ver=1.0.9-wc.9.5.2" id="selectWoo-js" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wc-memberships-blocks-common-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wc_memberships_blocks_common = {"keywords":{"email":"Email","phone":"Phone","plan":"Plan","address":"Address","search_not_found":"We didn't find any members. Please try a different search or check for typos.","results_not_found":"No records found..."},"ajaxUrl":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","restUrl":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/wp-json\/","restNonce":"529e473ff3"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce-memberships/assets/js/frontend/wc-memberships-blocks-common.min.js?ver=1.26.9" id="wc-memberships-blocks-common-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="getwid-blocks-frontend-js-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var Getwid = {"settings":[],"ajax_url":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","isRTL":"","nonces":{"contact_form":"432ec98281"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/getwid/assets/js/frontend.blocks.js?ver=2.0.14" id="getwid-blocks-frontend-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/js/jquery-payment/jquery.payment.min.js?ver=3.0.0-wc.9.5.2" id="jquery-payment-js" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="sv-wc-payment-gateway-payment-form-v5_15_0-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var sv_wc_payment_gateway_payment_form_params = {"order_button_text":"Place order","card_number_missing":"Card number is missing","card_number_invalid":"Card number is invalid","card_number_digits_invalid":"Card number is invalid (only digits allowed)","card_number_length_invalid":"Card number is invalid (wrong length)","card_type_invalid":"Card is invalid","card_type_invalid_specific_type":"{card_type} card is invalid","cvv_missing":"Card security code is missing","cvv_digits_invalid":"Card security code is invalid (only digits are allowed)","cvv_length_invalid":"Card security code is invalid (must be 3 or 4 digits)","card_exp_date_invalid":"Card expiration date is invalid","check_number_digits_invalid":"Check Number is invalid (only digits are allowed)","check_number_missing":"Check Number is missing","drivers_license_state_missing":"Driver's license state is missing","drivers_license_number_missing":"Driver's license number is missing","drivers_license_number_invalid":"Driver's license number is invalid","account_number_missing":"Account Number is missing","account_number_invalid":"Account Number is invalid (only digits are allowed)","account_number_length_invalid":"Account Number is invalid (must be between 5 and 17 digits)","routing_number_missing":"Routing Number is missing","routing_number_digits_invalid":"Routing Number is invalid (only digits are allowed)","routing_number_length_invalid":"Routing Number is invalid (must be 9 digits)"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce-gateway-moneris/vendor/skyverge/wc-plugin-framework/woocommerce/payment-gateway/assets/dist/frontend/sv-wc-payment-gateway-payment-form.js?ver=5.15.0" id="sv-wc-payment-gateway-payment-form-v5_15_0-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://gateway.moneris.com/chkt/js/chkt_v1.00.js?ver=3.4.3" id="moneris-checkout-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce-gateway-moneris/assets/js/frontend/wc-moneris.min.js?ver=3.4.3" id="wc-moneris-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="mailchimp-woocommerce-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var mailchimp_public_data = {"site_url":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca","ajax_url":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","disable_carts":"","subscribers_only":"1","language":"en","allowed_to_set_cookies":"1"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/mailchimp-for-woocommerce/public/js/mailchimp-woocommerce-public.min.js?ver=5.1.07" id="mailchimp-woocommerce-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="mhs-theme-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var mhs = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/mhs/js/theme.js?ver=20150524" id="mhs-theme-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/mhs/js/navigation.js?ver=20151215" id="mhs-navigation-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/mhs/js/skip-link-focus-fix.js?ver=20151215" id="mhs-skip-link-focus-fix-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/mhs/js/colorbox/jquery.colorbox.js" id="colorbox-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/page-links-to/dist/new-tab.js?ver=3.3.7" id="page-links-to-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/js/sourcebuster/sourcebuster.min.js?ver=9.5.2" id="sourcebuster-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wc-order-attribution-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wc_order_attribution = {"params":{"lifetime":1.0e-5,"session":30,"base64":false,"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","prefix":"wc_order_attribution_","allowTracking":true},"fields":{"source_type":"current.typ","referrer":"current_add.rf","utm_campaign":"current.cmp","utm_source":"current.src","utm_medium":"current.mdm","utm_content":"current.cnt","utm_id":"current.id","utm_term":"current.trm","utm_source_platform":"current.plt","utm_creative_format":"current.fmt","utm_marketing_tactic":"current.tct","session_entry":"current_add.ep","session_start_time":"current_add.fd","session_pages":"session.pgs","session_count":"udata.vst","user_agent":"udata.uag"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/js/frontend/order-attribution.min.js?ver=9.5.2" id="wc-order-attribution-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://stats.wp.com/e-202508.js" id="jetpack-stats-js" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-stats-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ _stq = window._stq || []; _stq.push([ "view", JSON.parse("{\"v\":\"ext\",\"blog\":\"226786008\",\"post\":\"21\",\"tz\":\"-6\",\"srv\":\"www.mhs.ca\",\"j\":\"1:14.2.1\"}") ]); _stq.push([ "clickTrackerInit", "226786008", "21" ]); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-includes/js/dist/dom-ready.min.js?ver=f77871ff7694fffea381" id="wp-dom-ready-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-includes/js/dist/hooks.min.js?ver=4d63a3d491d11ffd8ac6" id="wp-hooks-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-includes/js/dist/i18n.min.js?ver=5e580eb46a90c2b997e6" id="wp-i18n-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wp-i18n-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wp-a11y-js-translations"> /* <![CDATA[ */ ( function( domain, translations ) { var localeData = translations.locale_data[ domain ] || translations.locale_data.messages; localeData[""].domain = domain; wp.i18n.setLocaleData( localeData, domain ); } )( "default", {"translation-revision-date":"2025-02-06 16:37:47+0000","generator":"GlotPress\/4.0.1","domain":"messages","locale_data":{"messages":{"":{"domain":"messages","plural-forms":"nplurals=2; plural=n != 1;","lang":"en_CA"},"Notifications":["Notifications"]}},"comment":{"reference":"wp-includes\/js\/dist\/a11y.js"}} ); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-includes/js/dist/a11y.min.js?ver=3156534cc54473497e14" id="wp-a11y-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" defer='defer' src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/js/jquery.json.min.js?ver=2.9.3" id="gform_json-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="gform_gravityforms-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var gform_i18n = {"datepicker":{"days":{"monday":"Mo","tuesday":"Tu","wednesday":"We","thursday":"Th","friday":"Fr","saturday":"Sa","sunday":"Su"},"months":{"january":"January","february":"February","march":"March","april":"April","may":"May","june":"June","july":"July","august":"August","september":"September","october":"October","november":"November","december":"December"},"firstDay":0,"iconText":"Select date"}}; var gf_legacy_multi = []; var gform_gravityforms = {"strings":{"invalid_file_extension":"This type of file is not allowed. Must be one of the following:","delete_file":"Delete this file","in_progress":"in progress","file_exceeds_limit":"File exceeds size limit","illegal_extension":"This type of file is not allowed.","max_reached":"Maximum number of files reached","unknown_error":"There was a problem while saving the file on the server","currently_uploading":"Please wait for the uploading to complete","cancel":"Cancel","cancel_upload":"Cancel this upload","cancelled":"Cancelled"},"vars":{"images_url":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms\/images"}}; var gf_global = {"gf_currency_config":{"name":"Canadian Dollar","symbol_left":"$","symbol_right":"CAD","symbol_padding":" ","thousand_separator":",","decimal_separator":".","decimals":2,"code":"CAD"},"base_url":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms","number_formats":[],"spinnerUrl":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms\/images\/spinner.svg","version_hash":"d7b0f4e4d2e35425ff9c4a91569ee606","strings":{"newRowAdded":"New row added.","rowRemoved":"Row removed","formSaved":"The form has been saved. The content contains the link to return and complete the form."}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" defer='defer' src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/js/gravityforms.min.js?ver=2.9.3" id="gform_gravityforms-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" defer='defer' src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/assets/js/dist/utils.min.js?ver=501a987060f4426fb517400c73c7fc1e" id="gform_gravityforms_utils-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" defer='defer' src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/assets/js/dist/vendor-theme.min.js?ver=ddd2702ee024d421149a5e61416f1ff5" id="gform_gravityforms_theme_vendors-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="gform_gravityforms_theme-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var gform_theme_config = {"common":{"form":{"honeypot":{"version_hash":"d7b0f4e4d2e35425ff9c4a91569ee606"},"ajax":{"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","ajax_submission_nonce":"5bcfe634a1","i18n":{"step_announcement":"Step %1$s of %2$s, %3$s","unknown_error":"There was an unknown error processing your request. Please try again."}}}},"hmr_dev":"","public_path":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms\/assets\/js\/dist\/","config_nonce":"1c015392c8"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" defer='defer' src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/assets/js/dist/scripts-theme.min.js?ver=cd31c16637eeae0b20e422009e5a8b28" id="gform_gravityforms_theme-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ gform.initializeOnLoaded( function() { jQuery(document).on('gform_post_render', function(event, formId, currentPage){if(formId == 1) { gform.utils.addAsyncFilter('gform/submission/pre_submission', async (data) => { const input = document.createElement('input'); input.type = 'hidden'; input.name = 'gf_zero_spam_key'; input.value = 'FyQBcDWLBYKv1QZop8ZvxH3VIetNITNYp8YejaQ7W8X8v9Tx234eUGuTgNtUjw0Z'; input.setAttribute('autocomplete', 'new-password'); data.form.appendChild(input); return data; });} } );jQuery(document).on('gform_post_conditional_logic', function(event, formId, fields, isInit){} ) } ); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ gform.initializeOnLoaded( function() {jQuery(document).trigger("gform_pre_post_render", [{ formId: "1", currentPage: "1", abort: function() { this.preventDefault(); } }]); if (event && event.defaultPrevented) { return; } const gformWrapperDiv = document.getElementById( "gform_wrapper_1" ); if ( gformWrapperDiv ) { const visibilitySpan = document.createElement( "span" ); visibilitySpan.id = "gform_visibility_test_1"; gformWrapperDiv.insertAdjacentElement( "afterend", visibilitySpan ); } const visibilityTestDiv = document.getElementById( "gform_visibility_test_1" ); let postRenderFired = false; function triggerPostRender() { if ( postRenderFired ) { return; } postRenderFired = true; jQuery( document ).trigger( 'gform_post_render', [1, 1] ); gform.utils.trigger( { event: 'gform/postRender', native: false, data: { formId: 1, currentPage: 1 } } ); gform.utils.trigger( { event: 'gform/post_render', native: false, data: { formId: 1, currentPage: 1 } } ); if ( visibilityTestDiv ) { visibilityTestDiv.parentNode.removeChild( visibilityTestDiv ); } } function debounce( func, wait, immediate ) { var timeout; return function() { var context = this, args = arguments; var later = function() { timeout = null; if ( !immediate ) func.apply( context, args ); }; var callNow = immediate && !timeout; clearTimeout( timeout ); timeout = setTimeout( later, wait ); if ( callNow ) func.apply( context, args ); }; } const debouncedTriggerPostRender = debounce( function() { triggerPostRender(); }, 200 ); if ( visibilityTestDiv && visibilityTestDiv.offsetParent === null ) { const observer = new MutationObserver( ( mutations ) => { mutations.forEach( ( mutation ) => { if ( mutation.type === 'attributes' && visibilityTestDiv.offsetParent !== null ) { debouncedTriggerPostRender(); observer.disconnect(); } }); }); observer.observe( document.body, { attributes: true, childList: false, subtree: true, attributeFilter: [ 'style', 'class' ], }); } else { triggerPostRender(); } } ); /* ]]> */ </script> </body> </html> <!-- Dynamic page generated in 0.623 seconds. --> <!-- Cached page generated by WP-Super-Cache on 2025-02-17 00:04:16 --> <!-- Compression = gzip -->