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Прогалины в дубровах, или Охотник за пчёлами — Википедия

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<div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Прогалины в дубровах, или Охотник за пчёлами</span></h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Материал из Википедии — свободной энциклопедии</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="contentSub2"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav"></div> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Перейти к навигации</a> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Перейти к поиску</a> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ru" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Oak_Openings_by_Cooper,_1848.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Oak_Openings_by_Cooper%2C_1848.jpg/220px-Oak_Openings_by_Cooper%2C_1848.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="377" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Oak_Openings_by_Cooper%2C_1848.jpg/330px-Oak_Openings_by_Cooper%2C_1848.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Oak_Openings_by_Cooper%2C_1848.jpg/440px-Oak_Openings_by_Cooper%2C_1848.jpg 2x" data-file-width="551" data-file-height="944" /></a><figcaption>Титульная страница издания 1848 года</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Прогалины в дубровах, или Охотник за пчёлами</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Английский язык">англ.</a>&#160;<span lang="en" style="font-style:italic;">The Oak Opennings; or, The Bee Hunter</span>)&#160;— роман <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Купер, Джеймс Фенимор">Джеймса Фенимора Купера</a>, впервые опубликованный в 1848 году. Роман посвящён деятельности профессионального бортника Бенджамина Бодена по произвищу Бен Базз. Действие происходит в <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83" title="Каламазу">Каламазу</a>&#160;— дубовой прерии Мичигана, которая частично сохранилась и по сей день<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Роман является последним «романом о природе» Купера, опубликованным после <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Эпопея о Кожаном Чулке">Эпопеи о Кожаном Чулке</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Он также является последним из его романов, посвящённых взаимоотношениям между европейцами и индейцами в эпоху ранней американской экспансии<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="История_публикации"><span id=".D0.98.D1.81.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.8F_.D0.BF.D1.83.D0.B1.D0.BB.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B0.D1.86.D0.B8.D0.B8"></span>История публикации</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%85,_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%87%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Редактировать раздел «История публикации»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>править</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%85,_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%87%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Редактировать код раздела «История публикации»"><span>править код</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>После возвращения Купера из Европы муж его племянницы Гораций Комсток убедил его вложить деньги в мичиганскую недвижимость. Племя <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F)" class="mw-redirect" title="Потаватоми (племя)">Потаватоми</a> уступило большую часть своих владений в центральном Мичигане к 1833 году, и их бывшая территория стала известна как «дубовые прогалы» (<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Английский язык">англ.</a>&#160;<span lang="en" style="font-style:italic;">oak-opennings</span>). К 1837 году инвестиции Купера в 6000 долларов не принесли доходов, но он наблюдал за колонистами из Нью-Йорка, которые пытались заселить эту территорию как пчёлы<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Это вдохновило Купера на написание романа, ставшего одним из первых изображений пчеловодства в американской литературе<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Примечания"><span id=".D0.9F.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.B5.D1.87.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>Примечания</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%85,_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%87%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Редактировать раздел «Примечания»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>править</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%85,_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%87%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Редактировать код раздела «Примечания»"><span>править код</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://naturecenter.org/Home/TheKNCMission.aspx">About the Kalamazoo Nature Center</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">&#160;&#160;<small class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="на неопределённом языке">(неопр.)</small></span>.&#32;<i>naturecenter.org</i>.&#32;Дата обращения: 5 сентября 2016.&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170822015902/http://naturecenter.org/Home/TheKNCMission.aspx">Архивировано</a> 22 августа 2017 года.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kpl.gov/local-history/cemeteries/pioneer.aspx">South Westnedge Park: Pioneer Cemetery and Urban Oak Opening - Kalamazoo Public Library</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">&#160;&#160;<small class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="на неопределённом языке">(неопр.)</small></span>.&#32;<i>www.kpl.gov</i>.&#32;Дата обращения: 5 сентября 2016.&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160914140240/http://www.kpl.gov/local-history/cemeteries/pioneer.aspx">Архивировано</a> 14 сентября 2016 года.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141305934">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a::after,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a::after,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a::after,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a::after,.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a::after{content:"";width:1.1em;height:1.1em;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;background-position:center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a::after{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a::after,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a::after{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a::after{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a::after{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a::after,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a::after,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a::after,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a::after{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a::after,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a::after,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a::after,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a::after{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}</style><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343" id="CITEREFGoff2016"><i>Goff, Lisa.</i>&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/shantytownusafor0000goff">Shantytown, USA: Forgotten Landscapes of the Working Poor</a>&#160;<small class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="на английском языке">(англ.)</small>.&#160;— Cambridge, MA: <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Издательство Гарвардского университета">Harvard University Press</a>, 2016.&#160;— P.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/shantytownusafor0000goff/page/41">41</a>.&#160;— <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3/9780674660458" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-674-66045-8</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFPeprník2005"><i>Peprník, Michal.</i>&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phil.muni.cz/plonedata/wkaa/Offprints%20THEPES%204/TPES%204%20(127-133)%20Peprnik%20M.pdf">Cooper’s Indians: Typology and Function</a>&#160;// Theory and Practice in English Studies.&#160;— Brno: Masarykova univerzita, 2005.&#160;— <span class="nowrap">Т. 4</span>.&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924091447/http://www.phil.muni.cz/plonedata/wkaa/Offprints%20THEPES%204/TPES%204%20(127-133)%20Peprnik%20M.pdf">Архивировано</a> 24&#160;сентября 2015&#160;года.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFFrederick1956"><i>Frederick, John T.</i>&#32;Cooper's Eloquent Indians&#160;// PMLA.&#160;— 1956.&#160;— Декабрь&#32;(<span class="nowrap">т. 71</span>).&#160;— <span class="nowrap">С. 1004—1017</span>.&#160;— <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F460524">10.2307/460524</a>.&#160;— <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/460524">460524</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r141305934"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343" id="CITEREFZiser2013"><i>Ziser, Michael.</i>&#32;Environmental Practice and Early American Literature&#160;<small class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="на английском языке">(англ.)</small>.&#160;— New York: <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Издательство Кембриджского университета">Cambridge University Press</a>, 2013.&#160;— P.&#160;121—122.&#160;— <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3/9781107005433" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-107-00543-3</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFHardy2016"><i>Hardy, Rob.</i>&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.readingsjournal.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Readings-Hardy-Bee-Line.pdf">Bee Line: How the Honey Bee Defined the American Frontier</a>&#160;<small class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="на английском языке">(англ.)</small>&#160;// Readings - a journal for scholars and readers&#160;: journal.&#160;— 2016.&#160;— <span class="nowrap">Vol. 2</span>, <span class="nowrap">no. 1</span>.&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180421130342/https://www.readingsjournal.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Readings-Hardy-Bee-Line.pdf">Архивировано</a> 21&#160;апреля 2018&#160;года.</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Литература"><span id=".D0.9B.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.83.D1.80.D0.B0"></span>Литература</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%85,_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%87%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Редактировать раздел «Литература»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>править</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%85,_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%87%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Редактировать код раздела «Литература»"><span>править код</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r141305934"><cite id="CITEREFFlory1936" class="citation thesis cs1">Flory, Claude Reherd (1936). <i>Economic Criticism in American Fiction, 1792-1900</i> (Thesis). University of Pennsylvania.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&amp;rft.title=Economic+Criticism+in+American+Fiction%2C+1792-1900&amp;rft.inst=University+of+Pennsylvania&amp;rft.date=1936&amp;rft.aulast=Flory&amp;rft.aufirst=Claude+Reherd&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fru.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%B2+%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%85%2C+%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%9E%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D1%87%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r141305934"><cite id="CITEREFPakditawan2008" class="citation thesis cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pakditawan, Sirinya (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ediss.sub.uni-hamburg.de/volltexte/2008/3600/"><i>Die stereotypisierende Indianerdarstellung und deren Modifizierung im Werk James Fenimore Coopers</i></a> (Thesis)&#160;<small class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="на немецком языке">(нем.)</small>. University of Hamburg.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&amp;rft.title=Die+stereotypisierende+Indianerdarstellung+und+deren+Modifizierung+im+Werk+James+Fenimore+Coopers&amp;rft.inst=University+of+Hamburg&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.aulast=Pakditawan&amp;rft.aufirst=Sirinya&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fediss.sub.uni-hamburg.de%2Fvolltexte%2F2008%2F3600%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fru.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%B2+%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%85%2C+%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%9E%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D1%87%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFMadison2013"><i>Madison, Robert D.</i>&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://external.oneonta.edu/cooper/articles/ala/2013ala-madison.html">Cooper's Oak-Openings: A Christian Novel</a>.&#160;— Boston, Massachusetts, 2013.&#160;— Май.&#160;— <span class="nowrap">С. 10—12</span>.</span></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Произведения_Джеймса_Фенимора_Купера" data-name="Произведения Джеймса Фенимора Купера"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="colgroup" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><span class="navbox-gear" style="float:left;text-align:left;width:5em;margin-right:0.5em"><span class="noprint skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Перейти к шаблону «Произведения Джеймса Фенимора Купера»"><img alt="Перейти к шаблону «Произведения Джеймса Фенимора Купера»" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/14px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/21px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/28px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="14" data-file-height="14" /></a></span></span><div id="Произведения_Джеймса_Фенимора_Купера" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 5em">Произведения <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Купер, Джеймс Фенимор">Джеймса Фенимора Купера</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Эпопея о Кожаном Чулке">Эпопея о<br /> Кожаном Чулке</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B9_(%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="Зверобой (роман)">Зверобой, или Первая тропа войны</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Последний из могикан">Последний из могикан, или Повествование о 1757 годе</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8B%D1%82_(%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="Следопыт (роман)">Следопыт, или На берегах Онтарио</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B,_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%A3_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Пионеры, или У истоков Саскуиханны">Пионеры, или У истоков Саскуиханны</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="Прерия (роман)">Прерия</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px">Морские<br /> романы:</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="Лоцман (роман)">Лоцман, или Морская история</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Красный корсар">Красный корсар</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Морская волшебница">Морская волшебница</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Мерседес из Кастилии">Мерседес из Кастилии, или Путешествие в Катай</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5" title="На море и на суше">На море и на суше</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B7_%D0%A3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Майлз Уоллингфорд (страница отсутствует)">Майлз Уоллингфорд</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Два адмирала">Два адмирала</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D1%8B_(%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="Морские львы (роман)">Морские львы</a></li> <li><span data-interwiki-lang="en" data-interwiki-article="The Wing-and-Wing"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%BA_(%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Блуждающий огонёк (роман) (страница отсутствует)">Блуждающий огонёк</a></span><sup class="noprint" style="font-style:normal; font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wing-and-Wing" class="extiw" title="en:The Wing-and-Wing"><span title="The Wing-and-Wing — версия статьи «Блуждающий огонёк (роман)» на английском языке">[англ.]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span data-interwiki-lang="en" data-interwiki-article="The Crater (novel)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Кратер, или Пик вулкана (роман) (страница отсутствует)">Кратер</a></span><sup class="noprint" style="font-style:normal; font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Crater_(novel)" class="extiw" title="en:The Crater (novel)"><span title="The Crater (novel) — версия статьи «Кратер, или Пик вулкана (роман)» на английском языке">[англ.]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px">Разное:</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_(%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="Предосторожность (роман)">Предосторожность</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Шпион, или Повесть о нейтральной территории">Шпион</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE,_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%92_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Браво, или В Венеции">Браво, или В Венеции</a></li> <li><span data-interwiki-lang="en" data-interwiki-article="The Headsman: The Abbaye des Vignerons"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%87,_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9_(%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Палач, или Аббатство виноградарей (роман) (страница отсутствует)">Палач</a></span><sup class="noprint" style="font-style:normal; font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Headsman:_The_Abbaye_des_Vignerons" class="extiw" title="en:The Headsman: The Abbaye des Vignerons"><span title="The Headsman: The Abbaye des Vignerons — версия статьи «Палач, или Аббатство виноградарей (роман)» на английском языке">[англ.]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span data-interwiki-lang="en" data-interwiki-article="The Monikins"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Моникины (страница отсутствует)">Моникины</a></span><sup class="noprint" style="font-style:normal; font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Monikins" class="extiw" title="en:The Monikins"><span title="The Monikins — версия статьи «Моникины» на английском языке">[англ.]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD" title="Лайонел Линкольн">Лайонел Линкольн, или Осада Бостона</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%88-%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD-%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%88&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Долина Виш-тон-Виш (страница отсутствует)">Долина Виш-тон-Виш</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Вайандотте">Вайандотте, или Дом на холме</a></li> <li><span data-interwiki-lang="en" data-interwiki-article="Satanstoe"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Сатанстоу (страница отсутствует)">Сатанстоу</a></span><sup class="noprint" style="font-style:normal; font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satanstoe" class="extiw" title="en:Satanstoe"><span title="Satanstoe — версия статьи «Сатанстоу» на английском языке">[англ.]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span data-interwiki-lang="en" data-interwiki-article="The Chainbearer"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Землемер (роман) (страница отсутствует)">Землемер</a></span><sup class="noprint" style="font-style:normal; font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Chainbearer" class="extiw" title="en:The Chainbearer"><span title="The Chainbearer — версия статьи «Землемер (роман)» на английском языке">[англ.]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B5_(%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Краснокожие (роман) (страница отсутствует)">Краснокожие</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Прогалины в дубровах</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px">Герои:</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Чингачгук">Чингачгук</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BE" title="Натаниэль Бампо">Натаниэль Бампо</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Источник — <a dir="ltr" href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Прогалины_в_дубровах,_или_Охотник_за_пчёлами&amp;oldid=123412134">https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Прогалины_в_дубровах,_или_Охотник_за_пчёлами&amp;oldid=123412134</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Служебная:Категории">Категории</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Категория:Романы Джеймса Фенимора Купера">Романы Джеймса Фенимора Купера</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B_1848_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Категория:Романы 1848 года">Романы 1848 года</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Скрытые категории: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:Cite_web_(%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)" title="Категория:Википедия:Cite web (не указан язык)">Википедия:Cite web (не указан язык)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B,_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B8_ISBN" title="Категория:Страницы, использующие волшебные ссылки ISBN">Страницы, использующие волшебные ссылки ISBN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B,_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_JsonConfig" title="Категория:Страницы, использующие расширение JsonConfig">Страницы, использующие расширение JsonConfig</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-navigation"> <h2>Навигация</h2> <div id="mw-head"> <nav id="p-personal" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal vector-user-menu-legacy vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-personal-label" > <h3 id="p-personal-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Персональные инструменты</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anonuserpage" class="mw-list-item"><span title="Страница участника для моего IP">Вы не представились системе</span></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%91_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Страница обсуждений для моего IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Обсуждение</span></a></li><li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Список правок, сделанных с этого IP-адреса [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Вклад</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%83%D1%87%D1%91%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8E_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C&amp;returnto=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%B2+%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%85%2C+%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%9E%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D1%87%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Мы предлагаем вам создать учётную запись и войти в систему, хотя это и не обязательно."><span>Создать учётную запись</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:%D0%92%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4&amp;returnto=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%B2+%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%85%2C+%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%9E%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D1%87%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Здесь можно зарегистрироваться в системе, но это необязательно. [o]" accesskey="o"><span>Войти</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav id="p-namespaces" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-namespaces vector-menu-tabs vector-menu-tabs-legacy vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-namespaces-label" > <h3 id="p-namespaces-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Пространства имён</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%85,_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%87%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Просмотреть контентную страницу [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Статья</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5:%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%85,_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%87%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8" rel="discussion" title="Обсуждение основной страницы [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Обсуждение</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-variants" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet vector-menu-dropdown vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-variants-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-variants" class="vector-menu-checkbox" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label" > <label id="p-variants-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">русский</span> </label> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation"> <nav id="p-views" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-views vector-menu-tabs vector-menu-tabs-legacy vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-views-label" > <h3 id="p-views-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Просмотры</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%85,_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%87%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8"><span>Читать</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%85,_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%87%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8&amp;veaction=edit" title="Редактировать данную страницу [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Править</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%85,_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%87%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8&amp;action=edit" title="Править исходный текст этой страницы [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Править код</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%85,_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%87%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8&amp;action=history" title="Журнал изменений страницы [h]" accesskey="h"><span>История</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-cactions" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-menu-dropdown vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label" title="Больше возможностей" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-cactions-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-cactions" class="vector-menu-checkbox" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label" > <label id="p-cactions-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Ещё</span> </label> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </nav> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <h3 >Поиск</h3> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="vector-search-box-form"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="vector-search-box-inner" data-search-loc="header-navigation"> <input class="vector-search-box-input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Искать в Википедии" aria-label="Искать в Википедии" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Искать в Википедии [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Служебная:Поиск"> <input id="mw-searchButton" class="searchButton mw-fallbackSearchButton" type="submit" name="fulltext" title="Найти страницы, содержащие указанный текст" value="Найти"> <input id="searchButton" class="searchButton" type="submit" name="go" title="Перейти к странице, имеющей в точности такое название" value="Перейти"> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-panel" class="vector-legacy-sidebar"> <div id="p-logo" role="banner"> <a class="mw-wiki-logo" href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Перейти на заглавную страницу"></a> </div> <nav id="p-navigation" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-navigation-label" > <h3 id="p-navigation-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Навигация</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Перейти на заглавную страницу [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Заглавная страница</span></a></li><li id="n-content" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5"><span>Содержание</span></a></li><li id="n-featured" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B8" title="Статьи, считающиеся лучшими статьями проекта"><span>Избранные статьи</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Посмотреть случайно выбранную страницу [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Случайная статья</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Статьи о текущих событиях в мире"><span>Текущие события</span></a></li><li id="n-sitesupport" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_ru.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=ru" title="Поддержите нас"><span>Пожертвовать</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-participation" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-participation vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-participation-label" > <h3 id="p-participation-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Участие</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-bug_in_article" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1_%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Сообщить об ошибке в этой статье"><span>Сообщить об ошибке</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0:%D0%92%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5"><span>Как править статьи</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="О проекте, о том, чем здесь можно заниматься, а также — где что находится"><span>Сообщество</span></a></li><li id="n-forum" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Форум участников Википедии"><span>Форум</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Список последних изменений [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Свежие правки</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Список недавно созданных страниц"><span>Новые страницы</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Место расположения Справки"><span>Справка</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-tb" 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