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href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Proxecci%C3%B3n_cartogr%C3%A1fica&action=edit&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Editar</span> </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="gl" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p>A <b>proxección cartográfica</b> ou <b>proxección xeográfica</b> é un sistema de representación gráfica que establece unha relación ordenada entre os puntos da superficie curva da <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Terra">Terra</a> e os dunha superficie plana (<a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mapa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mapa">mapa</a>). Estes puntos localízanse axudándose dunha rede de <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Meridiano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Meridiano">meridianos</a> e <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paralelo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paralelo">paralelos</a>, en forma de malla. A única forma de evitar as distorsións desta proxección sería usando un mapa <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xeodesia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Xeodesia">xeodésico</a>, aínda que a distorsión é minimizada representando un mapa esférico.</p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Netzentwuerfe.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Netzentwuerfe.png/143px-Netzentwuerfe.png" decoding="async" width="143" height="388" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Netzentwuerfe.png/214px-Netzentwuerfe.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Netzentwuerfe.png/286px-Netzentwuerfe.png 2x" data-file-width="797" data-file-height="2161"></a> <figcaption> Diversas proxeccións. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Nun sistema d<i>e</i> coordenadas pro<i>x</i>ectadas, os puntos identifícanse polas <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sistema_de_coordenadas_cartesianas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sistema de coordenadas cartesianas">coordenadas cartesianas</a> (<i>x</i> e <i>y</i>) nunha malla cunha orixe que depende dos casos. Este tipo de coordenadas obtéñense matematicamente a partir das <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coordenadas_xeogr%C3%A1ficas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coordenadas xeográficas">coordenadas xeográficas</a> (<a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lonxitude_(cartograf%C3%ADa)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lonxitude (cartografía)">lonxitude</a> e <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latitude?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latitude">latitude</a>), que non son proxectadas.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proxecci%C3%B3n_cartogr%C3%A1fica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>As representacións planas da esfera terrestre chámanse mapas, e os encargados de elaboralos ou especialistas en <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cartograf%C3%ADa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cartografía">cartografía</a> denomínanse <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cartograf%C3%ADa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cartografía">cartógrafos</a>.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="gl" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Índice</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proxecci%C3%B3n_cartogr%C3%A1fica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Propiedades_das_proxecci%C3%B3ns_cartogr%C3%A1ficas"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Propiedades das proxeccións cartográficas</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proxecci%C3%B3n_cartogr%C3%A1fica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Tipos_de_proxecci%C3%B3ns_cartogr%C3%A1ficas"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Tipos de proxeccións cartográficas</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proxecci%C3%B3n_cartogr%C3%A1fica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Proxecci%C3%B3n_cil%C3%ADndrica"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Proxección cilíndrica</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proxecci%C3%B3n_cartogr%C3%A1fica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Proxecci%C3%B3n_c%C3%B3nica"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Proxección cónica</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proxecci%C3%B3n_cartogr%C3%A1fica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Proxecci%C3%B3n_acimutal"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Proxección acimutal</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proxecci%C3%B3n_cartogr%C3%A1fica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Proxecci%C3%B3ns_modificadas"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Proxeccións modificadas</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proxecci%C3%B3n_cartogr%C3%A1fica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Proxecci%C3%B3ns_convencionais"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Proxeccións convencionais</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proxecci%C3%B3n_cartogr%C3%A1fica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notas"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Notas</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proxecci%C3%B3n_cartogr%C3%A1fica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#V%C3%A9xase_tam%C3%A9n"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Véxase tamén</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proxecci%C3%B3n_cartogr%C3%A1fica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ligaz%C3%B3ns_externas"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Ligazóns externas</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Propiedades_das_proxeccións_cartográficas"><span id="Propiedades_das_proxecci.C3.B3ns_cartogr.C3.A1ficas"></span>Propiedades das proxeccións cartográficas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Proxecci%C3%B3n_cartogr%C3%A1fica&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar a sección: «Propiedades das proxeccións cartográficas»" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure typeof="mw:File/Frame"> <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:USGS_map_Albers_conic_tall.gif?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/USGS_map_Albers_conic_tall.gif" decoding="async" width="335" height="195" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="335" data-file-height="195"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 335px;height: 195px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/USGS_map_Albers_conic_tall.gif" data-width="335" data-height="195" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> A <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Proxecci%C3%B3n_de_Albers&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Proxección de Albers (a páxina aínda non existe)">proxección de Albers</a> mostra as superficies exactamente, mais distorsiona as formas. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Sobre a superficie da Terra poden medirse moitas superficies indepentes da xeografía:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Superfici&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Superfici (a páxina aínda non existe)">Superfici</a></li> <li><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Forma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Forma">Forma</a></li> <li><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Direcci%C3%B3n_(xeometr%C3%ADa)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Dirección (xeometría) (a páxina aínda non existe)">Dirección</a></li> <li><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rumbo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Rumbo (a páxina aínda non existe)">Rumbo</a></li> <li><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Distancia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Distancia">Distancia</a></li> </ul> <p>As proxeccións cartográficas poden construírse para conservar algunhas destas propiedades en lugar doutras. A causa de que a superficie curvada da Terra non é isómetrica a un plano, a conservación das formas leva inevitabelmente a unha <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Escala_(cartograf%C3%ADa)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Escala (cartografía)">escala</a> variábel, e polo tanto a unha representación das superficies non proporcional. Polo contrario, unha proxección que conserve as superficies non pode ser conforme, o que provoca que as formas e os rumbos se distorsionen en moitos lugares. Cada proxección conserva, aproxima ou amaña as propiedades métricas de diferentes xeitos. O propósito do mapa determina que proxección debería ser a base do mapa. Como existen propósitos diferentes para os mapas, existen proxeccións diferentes para cada un deles.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proxecci%C3%B3n_cartogr%C3%A1fica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> Segundo a propiedade que posúa unha proxección pode distinguirse entre:</p> <ul> <li>proxeccións equidistantes, se conservan as distancias.</li> <li>proxeccións equivalentes, se conservan as superficies.</li> <li>proxeccións conformes, se conservan as formas (ou, o que é o mesmo, os ángulos).</li> </ul> <p>Adoitan establecerse tamén clasificacións en función do tipo de superficie sobre a que se realiza a proxección: cenital (un plano), cilíndrica (un cilindro) ou cónica (un cono); así como a disposición relativa entre a superficie terrestre e a superficie de proxección (plano, cilindro ou cono) podendo ser tanxente, secante ou oblicua.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Tipos_de_proxeccións_cartográficas"><span id="Tipos_de_proxecci.C3.B3ns_cartogr.C3.A1ficas"></span>Tipos de proxeccións cartográficas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Proxecci%C3%B3n_cartogr%C3%A1fica&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar a sección: «Tipos de proxeccións cartográficas»" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>Dependendo de cal sexa o punto que se considere como centro do mapa, distínguese entre proxeccións polares, con centro nun dos polos; ecuatoriais, con centro a intersección entre a <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ecuador_terrestre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ecuador terrestre">liña do Ecuador</a> e un meridiano; e oblicuas ou inclinadas, que emprega como centro calquera outro punto.</p> <p>Distínguense tres tipos de proxeccións básicas: cilíndricas, cónicas e acimutais.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Proxección_cilíndrica"><span id="Proxecci.C3.B3n_cil.C3.ADndrica"></span>Proxección cilíndrica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Proxecci%C3%B3n_cartogr%C3%A1fica&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar a sección: «Proxección cilíndrica»" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Projection_cylindrique.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Projection_cylindrique.jpg/220px-Projection_cylindrique.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="237" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="350"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 237px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Projection_cylindrique.jpg/220px-Projection_cylindrique.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="237" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Projection_cylindrique.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Esquema dunha proxección cilíndrica. </figcaption> </figure> <p>A <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proxecci%C3%B3n_de_Mercator?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Proxección de Mercator">proxección de Mercator</a>, que revolucionou a <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cartograf%C3%ADa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cartografía">cartografía</a>, é cilíndrica e conforme nela, proxéctase o globo terrestre sobre unha superficie <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cilindro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cilindro">cilíndrica</a>. É unha das máis utilizadas, aínda que polo xeral en forma modificada, debido ás grandes distorsións que ofrece nas zonas de <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latitude?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latitude">latitude</a> elevada, o que impide apreciar as rexións polares na súa verdadeira proporción. Emprégase na creación dalgúns <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mapamundi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mapamundi">mapamundis</a>. Para corrixir as deformacións en latitudes altas úsanse proxeccións pseudocilíndricas, como a de Van der Grinten, que é policónica, con paralelos e meridianos circulares. É esencialmente útil para ver a superficie da Terra completa.</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proxecci%C3%B3n_de_Mercator?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Proxección de Mercator">Proxección de Mercator</a></li> <li><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Proxecci%C3%B3n_de_Peters&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Proxección de Peters (a páxina aínda non existe)">Proxección de Peters</a></li> <li><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Proxecci%C3%B3n_de_Robinson&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Proxección de Robinson (a páxina aínda non existe)">Proxección de Robinson</a></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Proxección_cónica"><span id="Proxecci.C3.B3n_c.C3.B3nica"></span>Proxección cónica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Proxecci%C3%B3n_cartogr%C3%A1fica&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar a sección: «Proxección cónica»" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Projection_conique.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Projection_conique.jpg/220px-Projection_conique.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="227" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="336"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 227px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Projection_conique.jpg/220px-Projection_conique.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="227" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Projection_conique.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Esquema dunha proxección cónica. </figcaption> </figure> <p>A proxección cónica obtense proxectando os elementos da superficie esférica terrestre sobre unha superficie <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cono?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cono">cónica</a> tanxente, situando o vértice no eixe que une os dous polos.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proxecci%C3%B3n_cartogr%C3%A1fica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> Aínda que as formas presentadas son dos polos, os cartógrafos empregan este tipo de proxección para ver os países e continentes.</p> <p>Hai diversos tipos de proxeccións cónicas:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Proxecci%C3%B3n_c%C3%B3nica_simple&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Proxección cónica simple (a páxina aínda non existe)">Proxección cónica simple</a></li> <li><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proxecci%C3%B3n_conforme_de_Lambert?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Proxección conforme de Lambert">Proxección conforme de Lambert</a></li> <li><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Proxecci%C3%B3n_c%C3%B3nica_m%C3%BAltiple&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Proxección cónica múltiple (a páxina aínda non existe)">Proxección cónica múltiple</a></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Proxección_acimutal"><span id="Proxecci.C3.B3n_acimutal"></span>Proxección acimutal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Proxecci%C3%B3n_cartogr%C3%A1fica&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar a sección: «Proxección acimutal»" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Projection_azimutale_gnomonique.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Projection_azimutale_gnomonique.jpg/220px-Projection_azimutale_gnomonique.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="232"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 142px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Projection_azimutale_gnomonique.jpg/220px-Projection_azimutale_gnomonique.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="142" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Projection_azimutale_gnomonique.jpg/330px-Projection_azimutale_gnomonique.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Projection_azimutale_gnomonique.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Esquema dunha proxección acimutal gnomónica. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Neste caso proxéctase unha porción da Terra sobre un plano tanxente ao globo nun punto seleccionado, obténdose unha imaxe semellante á visión da Terra dende un punto interior ou exterior. Se a proxección é do primeiro tipo chámase <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Proxecci%C3%B3n_gnom%C3%B3nica&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Proxección gnomónica (a páxina aínda non existe)">proxección gnomónica</a>; se é do segundo, <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Proxecci%C3%B3n_ortogr%C3%A1fica&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Proxección ortográfica (a páxina aínda non existe)">ortográfica</a>. Estas proxeccións ofrecen unha maior distorsión canto maior sexa a distancia ao momento tangencial da <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esfera?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Esfera">esfera</a> e o <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plano_(xeometr%C3%ADa)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Plano (xeometría)">plano</a>. Este tipo de proxección relaciónase principalmente cos polos e hemisferios.</p> <p>Tipos de proxeccións:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Proxecci%C3%B3n_ortogr%C3%A1fica&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Proxección ortográfica (a páxina aínda non existe)">Proxección ortográfica</a></li> <li><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Proxecci%C3%B3n_estereogr%C3%A1fica&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Proxección estereográfica (a páxina aínda non existe)">Proxección estereográfica</a></li> <li><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Proxecci%C3%B3n_gnom%C3%B3nica&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Proxección gnomónica (a páxina aínda non existe)">Proxección gnomónica</a></li> <li><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Proxecci%C3%B3n_acimutal_de_Lambert&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Proxección acimutal de Lambert (a páxina aínda non existe)">Proxección acimutal de Lambert</a></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Proxeccións_modificadas"><span id="Proxecci.C3.B3ns_modificadas"></span>Proxeccións modificadas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Proxecci%C3%B3n_cartogr%C3%A1fica&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar a sección: «Proxeccións modificadas»" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Na actualidade a maioría dos mapas fanse con base en proxeccións modificadas ou combinación das anteriores, ás veces, con varios puntos focais, para corrixir no posible as distorsións en certas áreas seleccionadas, aínda cando se produzan outras novas en lugares aos que se concede importancia secundaria, como son polo xeral as grandes extensións de mar. Entre as máis habituais figuran a <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Proxecci%C3%B3n_polic%C3%B3nica&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Proxección policónica (a páxina aínda non existe)">proxección policónica</a> de <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Johann_Heinrich_Lambert&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Johann Heinrich Lambert (a páxina aínda non existe)">Lambert</a> empregada para fins educativos, e os <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mapamundi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mapamundi">mapamundis</a> elaborados segundo as proxeccións <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Proxecci%C3%B3n_de_Winkel-Tripel&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Proxección de Winkel-Tripel (a páxina aínda non existe)">Winkel-Tripel</a> (adoptada pola <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Geographic_Society?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic Society</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proxecci%C3%B3n_cartogr%C3%A1fica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup>) e <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Proxecci%C3%B3n_de_Mollweide&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Proxección de Mollweide (a páxina aínda non existe)">Mollweide</a>, que teñen forma de <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elipse_(xeometr%C3%ADa)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elipse (xeometría)">elipse</a> e menores distorsións.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Proxeccións_convencionais"><span id="Proxecci.C3.B3ns_convencionais"></span>Proxeccións convencionais</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Proxecci%C3%B3n_cartogr%C3%A1fica&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar a sección: «Proxeccións convencionais»" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>As proxeccións convencionais xeralmente foron creadas para representar o mundo enteiro (<a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mapamundi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mapamundi">mapamundi</a>) e dan a idea de manter as propiedades métricas, buscando un balance entre distorsións, ou simplemente facer que o mapamundi "se vexa ben". A maior parte deste tipo de proxeccións distorsiona as formas nas rexións polares máis que no ecuador:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Proxecci%C3%B3n_de_Aitoff&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Proxección de Aitoff (a páxina aínda non existe)">Proxección de Aitoff</a></li> <li><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Proxecci%C3%B3n_de_Bernard_J.S._Cahill&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Proxección de Bernard J.S. Cahill (a páxina aínda non existe)">Proxección de Bernard J.S. Cahill</a></li> <li><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Proxecci%C3%B3n_de_Dymaxion&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Proxección de Dymaxion (a páxina aínda non existe)">Proxección de Dymaxion</a></li> <li><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Proxecci%C3%B3n_de_Goode&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Proxección de Goode (a páxina aínda non existe)">Proxección de Goode</a></li> <li><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Proxecci%C3%B3n_de_Kavrayskiy_VII&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Proxección de Kavrayskiy VII (a páxina aínda non existe)">Proxección de Kavrayskiy VII</a></li> <li><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Proxecci%C3%B3n_cil%C3%ADndrica_de_Miller&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Proxección cilíndrica de Miller (a páxina aínda non existe)">Proxección cilíndrica de Miller</a></li> <li><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Proxecci%C3%B3n_de_Robinson&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Proxección de Robinson (a páxina aínda non existe)">Proxección de Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Proxecci%C3%B3n_de_Van_der_Grinten&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Proxección de Van der Grinten (a páxina aínda non existe)">Proxección de Van der Grinten</a></li> <li><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Proxecci%C3%B3n_de_Wagner_VI&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Proxección de Wagner VI (a páxina aínda non existe)">Proxección de Wagner VI</a></li> <li><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Proxecci%C3%B3n_de_Waterman&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Proxección de Waterman (a páxina aínda non existe)">Proxección de Waterman</a></li> <li><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Proxecci%C3%B3n_de_Winkel-Tripel&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Proxección de Winkel-Tripel (a páxina aínda non existe)">Proxección de Winkel-Tripel</a></li> </ul> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Robinson_projection_SW.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Robinson_projection_SW.jpg/500px-Robinson_projection_SW.jpg" decoding="async" width="500" height="255" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2058" data-file-height="1050"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 500px;height: 255px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Robinson_projection_SW.jpg/500px-Robinson_projection_SW.jpg" data-width="500" data-height="255" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Robinson_projection_SW.jpg/750px-Robinson_projection_SW.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Robinson_projection_SW.jpg/1000px-Robinson_projection_SW.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> A <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Proxecci%C3%B3n_de_Robinson&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Proxección de Robinson (a páxina aínda non existe)">proxección de Robinson</a> foi adoptada pola revista <i><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Geographic_(revista)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Geographic (revista)">National Geographic</a></i> en 1988 pero abandonada ao redor de 1997 a cambio da <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Proxecci%C3%B3n_de_Winkel-Tripel&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Proxección de Winkel-Tripel (a páxina aínda non existe)">proxección de Winkel-Tripel</a>. </figcaption> </figure> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Notas">Notas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Proxecci%C3%B3n_cartogr%C3%A1fica&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar a sección: «Notas»" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proxecci%C3%B3n_cartogr%C3%A1fica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Miraglia, Marina y otros (2010). "1". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603003247/https://ens9004-infd.mendoza.edu.ar/sitio/upload/01-_MIRAGLIA_Y_OTROS_-.PDF"><i>Manual de Cartografía,Teleobservación y Sistemas de Información Geográfica</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lingua_castel%C3%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lingua castelá">castelán</a>)</span>. Los Polvorines, Buenos Aires, Argentina: Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento. p. 32. <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-987-630-090-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-987-630-090-2">978-987-630-090-2</a>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ens9004-mza.infd.edu.ar/sitio/upload/01-_MIRAGLIA_Y_OTROS_-.PDF">o orixinal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> o 03 de xuño de 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 22 de abril de 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AProxecci%C3%B3n+cartogr%C3%A1fica&rft.atitle=1&rft.aufirst=Marina+y+otros&rft.aulast=Miraglia&rft.btitle=Manual+de+Cartograf%C3a%2CTeleobservaci%C3%B3n+y+Sistemas+de+Informaci%C3%B3n+Geogr%C3%A1fica&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-987-630-090-2&rft.pages=32&rft.place=Los+Polvorines%2C+Buenos+Aires%2C+Argentina&rft.pub=Universidad+Nacional+de+General+Sarmiento&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fens9004-mza.infd.edu.ar%2Fsitio%2Fupload%2F01-_MIRAGLIA_Y_OTROS_-.PDF&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proxecci%C3%B3n_cartogr%C3%A1fica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Miraglia, Marina (2010). "1". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603003247/https://ens9004-infd.mendoza.edu.ar/sitio/upload/01-_MIRAGLIA_Y_OTROS_-.PDF"><i>Manual de Cartografía, Teleobservación y Sistemas de Información Geográfica</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lingua_castel%C3%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lingua castelá">castelán</a>)</span>. Los Polvorines, Buenos Aires, Arxentina: Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento. p. 32. <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-987-630-090-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-987-630-090-2">978-987-630-090-2</a>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ens9004-mza.infd.edu.ar/sitio/upload/01-_MIRAGLIA_Y_OTROS_-.PDF">o orixinal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> o 03 de xuño de 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 22 de abril de 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AProxecci%C3%B3n+cartogr%C3%A1fica&rft.atitle=1&rft.aufirst=Marina&rft.aulast=Miraglia&rft.btitle=Manual+de+Cartograf%C3a%2C+Teleobservaci%C3%B3n+y+Sistemas+de+Informaci%C3%B3n+Geogr%C3%A1fica&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-987-630-090-2&rft.pages=32&rft.place=Los+Polvorines%2C+Buenos+Aires%2C+Arxentina&rft.pub=Universidad+Nacional+de+General+Sarmiento&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fens9004-mza.infd.edu.ar%2Fsitio%2Fupload%2F01-_MIRAGLIA_Y_OTROS_-.PDF&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proxecci%C3%B3n_cartogr%C3%A1fica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Carlos A. Furuti. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.progonos.com/furuti/MapProj/Normal/ProjCon/projCon.html">"Conic Projections"</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proxecci%C3%B3n_cartogr%C3%A1fica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kessler, Fritz C. <i>(en <a href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lingua_inglesa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a>)</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.today/20120628205856/findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb3006/is_2_27/ai_n28780837/">A Visual Basic Algorithm for the Winkel Tripel Projection.</a> CBS Resource Library. Consultado o 16 de outubro de 2017.</span></li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Véxase_tamén"><span id="V.C3.A9xase_tam.C3.A9n"></span>Véxase tamén</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Proxecci%C3%B3n_cartogr%C3%A1fica&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar a sección: «Véxase tamén»" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-text plainlist"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Portada_galega" class="extiw" title="commons:Portada galega">Wikimedia Commons</a> ten máis contidos multimedia na categoría: <i><b><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Map_projections" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Map projections">Proxección cartográfica</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186386" title="Modificar a ligazón no Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Modificar a ligazón no Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/12px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 12px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/12px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" data-alt="Modificar a ligazón no Wikidata" data-width="12" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/18px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/24px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></b></i></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Ligazóns_externas"><span id="Ligaz.C3.B3ns_externas"></span>Ligazóns externas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://gl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Proxecci%C3%B3n_cartogr%C3%A1fica&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar a sección: «Ligazóns externas»" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.jasondavies.com/maps/transition/">Muestra de proxeccións en transición e movemento.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.today/20120630001417/http://www.btinternet.com/~se16/js/mapproj.htm">Mostra de diferentes proxeccións cartográficas</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/images/9/9c/map_projections.png">Algúns exemplos de proxeccións cartográficas</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.mapthematics.com/ProjectionsList.php?Projection%3D19%23Mercator">Descrición de varias proxeccións cartográficas</a></li> </ul>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Traído desde «<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DProxecci%C3%B3n_cartogr%C3%A1fica%26oldid%3D6824873">https://gl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Proxección_cartográfica&oldid=6824873</a>» </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A5%25D8%25B3%25D9%2582%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B7_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AE%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25D8%25B7" title="إسقاط الخرائط – árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إسقاط الخرائط" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proyeici%25C3%25B3n_cartogr%25C3%25A1fica" title="Proyeición cartográfica – asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Proyeición cartográfica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartoqrafik_proyeksiyalar" title="Kartoqrafik proyeksiyalar – acerbaixano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kartoqrafik proyeksiyalar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="acerbaixano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2584%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA_%25D0%25BF%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580" title="Картографик проекциялар – baxkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Картографик проекциялар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baxkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B3%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2584%25D1%2596%25D1%2587%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D0%25BF%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2586%25D1%258B%25D1%258F" title="Картаграфічная праекцыя – belaruso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Картаграфічная праекцыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belaruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2584%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BF%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Картографска проекция – búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Картографска проекция" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A4%25BE_%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A4%25A8" title="नक्शा प्रोजेक्शन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="नक्शा प्रोजेक्शन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25AE%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25A8%25E0%25A6%259A%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B0_%25E0%25A6%2585%25E0%25A6%25AD%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B7%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%25AA" title="মানচিত্র অভিক্ষেপ – bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মানচিত্র অভিক্ষেপ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projecci%25C3%25B3_cartogr%25C3%25A0fica" title="Projecció cartogràfica – catalán" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Projecció cartogràfica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapov%25C3%25A9_zobrazen%25C3%25AD" title="Mapové zobrazení – checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mapové zobrazení" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kortprojektion" title="Kortprojektion – dinamarqués" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kortprojektion" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarqués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartennetzentwurf" title="Kartennetzentwurf – alemán" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kartennetzentwurf" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%25A7%25CE%25B1%25CF%2581%25CF%2584%25CE%25BF%25CE%25B3%25CF%2581%25CE%25B1%25CF%2586%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BA%25CE%25AE_%25CF%2580%25CF%2581%25CE%25BF%25CE%25B2%25CE%25BF%25CE%25BB%25CE%25AE" title="Χαρτογραφική προβολή – grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χαρτογραφική προβολή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Map_projection" title="Map projection – inglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Map projection" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proyecci%25C3%25B3n_cartogr%25C3%25A1fica" title="Proyección cartográfica – español" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Proyección cartográfica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="español" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaardiprojektsioon" title="Kaardiprojektsioon – estoniano" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kaardiprojektsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proiekzio_kartografiko" title="Proiekzio kartografiko – éuscaro" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Proiekzio kartografiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="éuscaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D9%2585_%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B5%25D9%2588%25DB%258C%25D8%25B1_%25D9%2586%25D9%2582%25D8%25B4%25D9%2587" title="سیستم تصویر نقشه – persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیستم تصویر نقشه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karttaprojektio" title="Karttaprojektio – finés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Karttaprojektio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projection_cartographique" title="Projection cartographique – francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Projection cartographique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teilgean_l%25C3%25A9arsc%25C3%25A1ile" title="Teilgean léarscáile – irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Teilgean léarscáile" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2594%25D7%2599%25D7%2598%25D7%259C_(%25D7%2599%25D7%2599%25D7%25A6%25D7%2595%25D7%2592_%25D7%2592%25D7%25A8%25D7%25A4%25D7%2599)" title="היטל (ייצוג גרפי) – hebreo" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="היטל (ייצוג גרפי)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%259A%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0_%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B7%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25AA" title="मानचित्र प्रक्षेप – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मानचित्र प्रक्षेप" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartografska_projekcija" title="Kartografska projekcija – croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kartografska projekcija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pwojeksyon_konik" title="Pwojeksyon konik – crioulo haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Pwojeksyon konik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="crioulo haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vet%25C3%25BClettan" title="Vetülettan – húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vetülettan" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proyeksi_peta" title="Proyeksi peta – indonesio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Proyeksi peta" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kortav%25C3%25B6rpun" title="Kortavörpun – islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kortavörpun" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proiezione_cartografica" title="Proiezione cartografica – italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Proiezione cartografica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%258A%2595%25E5%25BD%25B1%25E6%25B3%2595_(%25E5%259C%25B0%25E5%259B%25B3)" title="投影法 (地図) – xaponés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="投影法 (地図)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="xaponés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2584%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F%25D0%25BB%25D1%258B%25D2%259B_%25D0%25BF%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Картографиялық проекция – kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Картографиялық проекция" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%25A7%2580%25EB%258F%2584_%25ED%2588%25AC%25EC%2598%2581%25EB%25B2%2595" title="지도 투영법 – coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="지도 투영법" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2584%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F%25D0%25BB%25D1%258B%25D0%25BA_%25D0%25BF%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580" title="Картографиялык проекциялар – kirguiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Картографиялык проекциялар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projektiounsmodell" title="Projektiounsmodell – luxemburgués" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Projektiounsmodell" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartografin%25C4%2597_projekcija" title="Kartografinė projekcija – lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kartografinė projekcija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2584%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BF%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0" title="Картографска проекција – macedonio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Картографска проекција" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unjuran_peta" title="Unjuran peta – malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Unjuran peta" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaartprojectie" title="Kaartprojectie – neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kaartprojectie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartprojeksjon" title="Kartprojeksjon – noruegués bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kartprojeksjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruegués bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projeccion_cartografica" title="Projeccion cartografica – occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Projeccion cartografica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odwzorowanie_kartograficzne" title="Odwzorowanie kartograficzne – polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Odwzorowanie kartograficzne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proje%25C3%25A7%25C3%25A3o_cartogr%25C3%25A1fica" title="Projeção cartográfica – portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Projeção cartográfica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proiec%25C8%259Bie_cartografic%25C4%2583" title="Proiecție cartografică – romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Proiecție cartografică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2584%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D0%25BF%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Картографическая проекция – ruso" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Картографическая проекция" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Map_projection" title="Map projection – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Map projection" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartografska_projekcija" title="Kartografska projekcija – esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kartografska projekcija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projeksionet_hartografike" title="Projeksionet hartografike – albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Projeksionet hartografike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2584%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BF%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D1%2598%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0" title="Картографска пројекција – serbio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Картографска пројекција" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartprojektion" title="Kartprojektion – sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kartprojektion" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B9%2589%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B9%2582%25E0%25B8%2584%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%2587%25E0%25B9%2581%25E0%25B8%259C%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%25B5%25E0%25B9%2588" title="เส้นโครงแผนที่ – tailandés" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เส้นโครงแผนที่" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harita_projeksiyonu" title="Harita projeksiyonu – turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Harita projeksiyonu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2584%25D1%2596%25D1%2587%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BF%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D1%2594%25D0%25BA%25D1%2586%25D1%2596%25D1%258F" title="Картографічна проєкція – ucraíno" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Картографічна проєкція" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraíno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xaritagrafik_proyeksiyalar" title="Xaritagrafik proyeksiyalar – uzbeko" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xaritagrafik proyeksiyalar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%259C%25B0%25E5%259B%25BE%25E6%258A%2595%25E5%25BD%25B1" title="地图投影 – chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="地图投影" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%259C%25B0%25E5%259C%2596%25E6%258A%2595%25E5%25BD%25B1" title="地圖投影 – cantonés" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="地圖投影" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 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