CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Macaw - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"6b694dc9-c572-43ec-9f5a-164842d06b0d","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Macaw","wgTitle":"Macaw","wgCurRevisionId":1282356907,"wgRevisionId":1282356907,"wgArticleId":62263,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use British English from September 2014","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from November 2010","Macaws","Bird common names"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Macaw","wgRelevantArticleId":62263,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q219035","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.22"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Blue-and-Yellow-Macaw.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="2944"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Blue-and-Yellow-Macaw.jpg/800px-Blue-and-Yellow-Macaw.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1962"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Blue-and-Yellow-Macaw.jpg/640px-Blue-and-Yellow-Macaw.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1570"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Macaw - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macaw"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Macaw&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macaw"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Macaw rootpage-Macaw skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Macaw" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Macaw" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Macaw" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Macaw" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Biology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Species_in_taxonomic_order" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Species_in_taxonomic_order"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Species in taxonomic order</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Species_in_taxonomic_order-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Species in taxonomic order subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Species_in_taxonomic_order-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hypothetical_extinct_species" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hypothetical_extinct_species"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Hypothetical extinct species</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hypothetical_extinct_species-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extinctions_and_conservation_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extinctions_and_conservation_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Extinctions and conservation status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extinctions_and_conservation_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hybrids" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hybrids"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Hybrids</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hybrids-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diet_and_clay_licks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diet_and_clay_licks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Diet and clay licks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diet_and_clay_licks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationship_with_humans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_with_humans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Relationship with humans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationship_with_humans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Macaw</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ara" title="Ara – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ara" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D9%88" title="مقو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مقو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macaw" title="Macaw – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Macaw" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guacamai" title="Guacamai – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Guacamai" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guakamaio" title="Guakamaio – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Guakamaio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88" title="مکائو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مکائو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ara_(oiseau)" title="Ara (oiseau) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ara (oiseau)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%88%EA%B0%95%EC%95%B5%EB%AC%B4" title="금강앵무 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="금강앵무" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8C" title="मैकौ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मैकौ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makaw" title="Makaw – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Makaw" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%95_(%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8)" title="מקאו (ציפור) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מקאו (ציפור)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makaw" title="Makaw – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Makaw" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE" title="ಮೆಕಾ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮೆಕಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A7%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98)" title="არა (თუთიყუში) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="არა (თუთიყუში)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ara_(%C3%A7%C3%BBk)" title="Ara (çûk) – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Ara (çûk)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Ара – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ара" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%97" title="മക്കൗ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മക്കൗ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makaw" title="Makaw – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Makaw" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8" title="မကောကြက်တူရွေး – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မကောကြက်တူရွေး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B4%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B3" title="コンゴウインコ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コンゴウインコ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araer" title="Araer – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Araer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araer" title="Araer – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Araer" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B9" title="میکاع – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="میکاع" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arara" title="Arara – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Arara" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9D" title="මකෝ – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මකෝ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macaw" title="Macaw – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Macaw" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ara_(papag%C3%A1j)" title="Ara (papagáj) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ara (papagáj)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Ара – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ара" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF" title="பஞ்ச வண்ணக்கிளி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பஞ்ச வண்ணக்கிளி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%8C" title="มาคอว์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มาคอว์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikan_papa%C4%9Fan%C4%B1" title="Amerikan papağanı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Amerikan papağanı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A4_(%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%81)" title="مکاؤ (پرندہ) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مکاؤ (پرندہ)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%E1%BA%B9t_Macaw" title="Vẹt Macaw – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vẹt Macaw" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%89%9B%E9%B8%9A%E9%B5%A1" title="金剛鸚鵡 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="金剛鸚鵡" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q219035#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Macaw" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Macaw" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Macaw"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macaw&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macaw&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Macaw"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macaw&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macaw&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Macaw" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Macaw" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macaw&oldid=1282356907" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macaw&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Macaw&id=1282356907&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMacaw"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMacaw"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Macaw&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macaw&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ara" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q219035" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Bird of the parrot family</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the bird. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Macaw_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Macaw (disambiguation)">Macaw (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota biota-infobox"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" class="section-header" style="background:rgb(235,235,210);">Macaw </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="image-section"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Blue-and-Yellow-Macaw.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A blue-and-yellow macaw (Ara ararauna)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Blue-and-Yellow-Macaw.jpg/220px-Blue-and-Yellow-Macaw.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="540" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Blue-and-Yellow-Macaw.jpg/330px-Blue-and-Yellow-Macaw.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Blue-and-Yellow-Macaw.jpg/440px-Blue-and-Yellow-Macaw.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="2085" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="image-section">A <a href="/wiki/Blue-and-yellow_macaw" title="Blue-and-yellow macaw">blue-and-yellow macaw</a> (<i>Ara ararauna</i>) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="section-header" style="min-width:15em;text-align:center;background:rgb(235,235,210);"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a><span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Arini" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">Aves</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Parrot" title="Parrot">Psittaciformes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Psittacidae" title="Psittacidae">Psittacidae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subfamily: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neotropical_parrot" title="Neotropical parrot">Arinae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tribe: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arini_(tribe)" title="Arini (tribe)">Arini</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="section-header" style="background:rgb(235,235,210);">Groups included </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="section-content"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Anodorhynchus" title="Anodorhynchus">Anodorhynchus</a></i><br /> <i><a href="/wiki/Ara_(bird)" title="Ara (bird)">Ara</a></i><br /> <i><a href="/wiki/Spix%27s_macaw" title="Spix's macaw">Cyanopsitta</a></i><br /> <i><a href="/wiki/Primolius" title="Primolius">Primolius</a></i><br /> <i><a href="/wiki/Red-bellied_macaw" title="Red-bellied macaw">Orthopsittaca</a></i><br /> <i><a href="/wiki/Red-shouldered_macaw" title="Red-shouldered macaw">Diopsittaca</a></i> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227369696">.mw-parser-output table.biota-infobox{text-align:left;width:200px;font-size:100%}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota-infobox td:not(.image-section){padding:2px 10px}.mw-parser-output table.biota-infobox th.section-header{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output table.biota-infobox td.section-content{text-align:left;padding:0 0.25em}.mw-parser-output table.biota-infobox td.list-section{text-align:left;padding:0 0.25em}.mw-parser-output table.biota-infobox td.taxon-section{text-align:left;padding:0 0.25em}.mw-parser-output table.biota-infobox td.image-section{text-align:center;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output table.biota-infobox table.taxonomy{margin:0 auto;text-align:left;background:transparent;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output table.biota-infobox table.taxonomy tr{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output table.biota-infobox table.taxonomy td{padding:1px}</style> <p><b>Macaws</b> are a group of <a href="/wiki/Neotropical_parrot" title="Neotropical parrot">New World parrots</a> that are long-tailed and often colorful, in the <a href="/wiki/Tribe_(biology)" title="Tribe (biology)">tribe</a> <a href="/wiki/Arini_(tribe)" title="Arini (tribe)">Arini</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are popular in <a href="/wiki/Aviculture" title="Aviculture">aviculture</a> or as <a href="/wiki/Companion_parrot" title="Companion parrot">companion parrots</a>, although there are conservation concerns about several species in the wild. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biology">Biology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macaw&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Of the many different <a href="/wiki/Psittacidae" title="Psittacidae">Psittacidae</a> (true parrots) <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genera</a>, six are classified as macaws: <i><a href="/wiki/Ara_(bird)" title="Ara (bird)">Ara</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Anodorhynchus" title="Anodorhynchus">Anodorhynchus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Cyanopsitta" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyanopsitta">Cyanopsitta</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Primolius" title="Primolius">Primolius</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Red-bellied_macaw" title="Red-bellied macaw">Orthopsittaca</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Red-shouldered_macaw" title="Red-shouldered macaw">Diopsittaca</a></i>. Previously, the members of the genus <i>Primolius</i> were placed in <i>Propyrrhura</i>, but the former is correct in accordance with <a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Zoological_Nomenclature" title="International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature">ICZN</a> rules.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the related macaw-like <a href="/wiki/Thick-billed_parrot" title="Thick-billed parrot">thick-billed parrot</a> is sometimes referred to as a "macaw", although it is not phylogenetically considered to be a macaw species. Macaws are native to <a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central America</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> (only <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>), <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a>, and formerly the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a>. Most species are associated with forests, but others prefer woodland or savannah-like habitats.<sup id="cite_ref-Abramson_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abramson-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Proportionately larger beaks, long tails, and relatively bare, light-coloured medial (facial patch) areas distinguish macaws from other parrots. Sometimes the facial patch is smaller in some species and limited to a yellow patch around the eyes and a second patch near the base of the beak in the members of the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Anodorhynchus" title="Anodorhynchus">Anodorhynchus</a></i>. A macaw's facial feather pattern is as unique as a fingerprint.<sup id="cite_ref-Macaw_facial_fingerprint_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Macaw_facial_fingerprint-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The largest macaws are the <a href="/wiki/Hyacinth_macaw" title="Hyacinth macaw">hyacinth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Great_green_macaw" title="Great green macaw">Buffon's (great green)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Red-and-green_macaw" title="Red-and-green macaw">green-winged</a> macaws. While still relatively large parrots, <a href="/wiki/Mini-macaws" class="mw-redirect" title="Mini-macaws">mini-macaws</a> of the genera <i>Cyanopsitta</i>, <i>Orthopsittaca</i> and <i>Primolius</i> are significantly smaller than the members of <i>Anodorhynchus</i> and <i>Ara</i>. The smallest macaw species, the red-shouldered macaw, is no larger than some parakeets of the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Aratinga" title="Aratinga">Aratinga</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Abramson_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abramson-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Macaws, like other <a href="/wiki/Parrot" title="Parrot">parrots</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toucan" title="Toucan">toucans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Woodpecker" title="Woodpecker">woodpeckers</a>, are <a href="/wiki/Zygodactyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Zygodactyl">zygodactyl</a>, having their first and fourth toes pointing backward.<sup id="cite_ref-Abramson_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abramson-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Species_in_taxonomic_order">Species in taxonomic order</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macaw&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Species in taxonomic order"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_macaws" title="List of macaws">List of macaws</a></div> <p>There are 19 species of macaws, including extinct and critically <a href="/wiki/Endangered_species" title="Endangered species">endangered species</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-zoonomen_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zoonomen-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, there are several hypothetical extinct species that have been proposed based on very little evidence.<sup id="cite_ref-Fuller1987_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fuller1987-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Glaucous_Macaw.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Glaucous_Macaw.jpg/250px-Glaucous_Macaw.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Glaucous_Macaw.jpg/330px-Glaucous_Macaw.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Glaucous_Macaw.jpg 2x" data-file-width="390" data-file-height="494" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Glaucous_macaw" title="Glaucous macaw">Glaucous macaw</a> (behind <a href="/wiki/Hyacinth_macaw" title="Hyacinth macaw">hyacinth macaw</a>) and other macaws</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Anodorhynchus" title="Anodorhynchus">Anodorhynchus</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glaucous_macaw" title="Glaucous macaw">Glaucous macaw</a>, <i>Anodorhynchus glaucus</i> (critically endangered or extinct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyacinth_macaw" title="Hyacinth macaw">Hyacinth macaw</a>, <i>Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus</i></li> <li>Indigo macaw or <a href="/wiki/Lear%27s_macaw" title="Lear's macaw">Lear's macaw</a>, <i>Anodorhynchus leari</i></li></ul></li> <li><i>Cyanopsitta</i> <ul><li>Little blue macaw or <a href="/wiki/Spix%27s_macaw" title="Spix's macaw">Spix's macaw</a>, <i>Cyanopsitta spixii</i> (probably extinct in the wild)</li></ul></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ara_macao,_Ara_ararauna_and_Ara_militaris.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Ara_macao%2C_Ara_ararauna_and_Ara_militaris.jpg/220px-Ara_macao%2C_Ara_ararauna_and_Ara_militaris.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Ara_macao%2C_Ara_ararauna_and_Ara_militaris.jpg/330px-Ara_macao%2C_Ara_ararauna_and_Ara_militaris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Ara_macao%2C_Ara_ararauna_and_Ara_militaris.jpg/440px-Ara_macao%2C_Ara_ararauna_and_Ara_militaris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="855" data-file-height="528" /></a><figcaption>From L to R: <a href="/wiki/Scarlet_macaw" title="Scarlet macaw">scarlet macaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blue-and-yellow_macaw" title="Blue-and-yellow macaw">blue-and-yellow macaw</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Military_macaw" title="Military macaw">military macaw</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ara_ararauna_and_Ara_glaucogularis_-captive_in_Canada-8a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Ara_ararauna_and_Ara_glaucogularis_-captive_in_Canada-8a.jpg/250px-Ara_ararauna_and_Ara_glaucogularis_-captive_in_Canada-8a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Ara_ararauna_and_Ara_glaucogularis_-captive_in_Canada-8a.jpg/330px-Ara_ararauna_and_Ara_glaucogularis_-captive_in_Canada-8a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Ara_ararauna_and_Ara_glaucogularis_-captive_in_Canada-8a.jpg/500px-Ara_ararauna_and_Ara_glaucogularis_-captive_in_Canada-8a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="657" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Blue-and-yellow_macaw" title="Blue-and-yellow macaw">Blue-and-yellow macaw</a> (left) and <a href="/wiki/Blue-throated_macaw" title="Blue-throated macaw">blue-throated macaw</a> (right)</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ara_(bird)" title="Ara (bird)">Ara</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue-and-yellow_macaw" title="Blue-and-yellow macaw">Blue-and-yellow macaw</a> or blue-and-gold macaw, <i>Ara ararauna</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue-throated_macaw" title="Blue-throated macaw">Blue-throated macaw</a>, <i>Ara glaucogularis</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_macaw" title="Military macaw">Military macaw</a>, <i>Ara militaris</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_green_macaw" title="Great green macaw">Great green macaw</a> or Buffon's macaw, <i>Ara ambiguus</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarlet_macaw" title="Scarlet macaw">Scarlet macaw</a> or Aracanga, <i>Ara macao</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-and-green_macaw" title="Red-and-green macaw">Red-and-green macaw</a> or green-winged macaw, <i>Ara chloropterus</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-fronted_macaw" title="Red-fronted macaw">Red-fronted macaw</a>, <i>Ara rubrogenys</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chestnut-fronted_macaw" title="Chestnut-fronted macaw">Chestnut-fronted macaw</a> or severe macaw, <i>Ara severus</i></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Cuban_red_macaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuban red macaw">Cuban red macaw</a>, <i>Ara tricolor</i> (extinct)</li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Saint_Croix_macaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Croix macaw">Saint Croix macaw</a>, <i>Ara autochthones</i><sup id="cite_ref-wetmore1937_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wetmore1937-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (extinct)</li></ul></li> <li><i>Orthopsittaca</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red-bellied_macaw" title="Red-bellied macaw">Red-bellied macaw</a>, <i>Orthopsittaca manilatus</i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Primolius" title="Primolius">Primolius</a> </i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue-headed_macaw" title="Blue-headed macaw">Blue-headed macaw</a>, <i>Primolius couloni</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue-winged_macaw" title="Blue-winged macaw">Blue-winged macaw</a> or Illiger's macaw, <i>Primolius maracana</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden-collared_macaw" title="Golden-collared macaw">Golden-collared macaw</a>, <i>Primolius auricollis</i></li></ul></li> <li><i>Diopsittaca</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red-shouldered_macaw" title="Red-shouldered macaw">Red-shouldered macaw</a> or Hahn's macaw, <i>Diopsittaca nobilis</i></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hypothetical_extinct_species">Hypothetical extinct species</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macaw&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Hypothetical extinct species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several <a href="/wiki/Hypothetical_extinct_species" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypothetical extinct species">hypothetical extinct species</a> of macaws have been postulated based on little evidence, and they may have been subspecies, or familiar parrots that were imported onto an island and later wrongly presumed to have a separate identity.<sup id="cite_ref-Fuller1987_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fuller1987-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martinique_macaw" title="Martinique macaw">Martinique macaw</a>, <i>Ara martinica</i>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Rothschild,_2nd_Baron_Rothschild" title="Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild">Rothschild</a> 1905</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesser_Antillean_macaw" title="Lesser Antillean macaw">Lesser Antillean macaw</a>, <i>Ara guadeloupensis</i>, Clark, 1905</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_green-and-yellow_macaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamaican green-and-yellow macaw">Jamaican green-and-yellow macaw</a>, <i>Ara erythrocephala</i>, Rothschild 1905</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_red_macaw" title="Jamaican red macaw">Jamaican red macaw</a>, <i>Ara gossei</i>, Rothschild 1905</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_green-and-yellow_macaw" title="Dominican green-and-yellow macaw">Dominican green-and-yellow macaw</a>, <i>Ara atwoodi</i>, Clark, 1905</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Extinctions_and_conservation_status">Extinctions and conservation status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macaw&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Extinctions and conservation status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anonimo_portoghese,_carta_navale_per_le_isole_nuovamente_trovate_in_la_parte_dell%27india_(de_cantino),_1501-02_(bibl._estense)_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Anonimo_portoghese%2C_carta_navale_per_le_isole_nuovamente_trovate_in_la_parte_dell%27india_%28de_cantino%29%2C_1501-02_%28bibl._estense%29_03.jpg/220px-Anonimo_portoghese%2C_carta_navale_per_le_isole_nuovamente_trovate_in_la_parte_dell%27india_%28de_cantino%29%2C_1501-02_%28bibl._estense%29_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Anonimo_portoghese%2C_carta_navale_per_le_isole_nuovamente_trovate_in_la_parte_dell%27india_%28de_cantino%29%2C_1501-02_%28bibl._estense%29_03.jpg/330px-Anonimo_portoghese%2C_carta_navale_per_le_isole_nuovamente_trovate_in_la_parte_dell%27india_%28de_cantino%29%2C_1501-02_%28bibl._estense%29_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Anonimo_portoghese%2C_carta_navale_per_le_isole_nuovamente_trovate_in_la_parte_dell%27india_%28de_cantino%29%2C_1501-02_%28bibl._estense%29_03.jpg/440px-Anonimo_portoghese%2C_carta_navale_per_le_isole_nuovamente_trovate_in_la_parte_dell%27india_%28de_cantino%29%2C_1501-02_%28bibl._estense%29_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="5472" /></a><figcaption>The Brazilian coast in the 1502 <a href="/wiki/Cantino_planisphere" title="Cantino planisphere">Cantino planisphere</a>, possibly the earliest European depiction of macaws</figcaption></figure> <p>The majority of macaws are now endangered in the wild and a few are <a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">extinct</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Spix%27s_macaw" title="Spix's macaw">Spix's macaw</a> is now probably extinct in the wild. The <a href="/wiki/Glaucous_macaw" title="Glaucous macaw">glaucous macaw</a> is also probably extinct, with only two reliable records of sightings in the 20th century. The greatest problems threatening the macaw population are the rapid rate of <a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">deforestation</a> and illegal trapping for the bird trade.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prehistoric Native Americans in the American Southwest farmed macaws in establishments known as "feather factories".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/International_trade" title="International trade">International trade</a> of all macaw species is regulated by the <a href="/wiki/CITES" title="CITES">Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna</a> (CITES). Some species of macaws—the scarlet macaw (<i>Ara macao</i>) as an example—are listed in the CITES Appendix I and may not be lawfully traded for commercial purposes. Other species, such as the red-shouldered macaw (<i>Diopsittaca nobilis</i>), are listed in Appendix II and may legally be traded commercially provided that certain controls are in place, including a non-detriment finding, establishment of an export quota, and issuing of export permits. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hybrids">Hybrids</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macaw&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Hybrids"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_macaw" title="Hybrid macaw">Hybrid macaw</a></div> <p>Sometimes macaws are hybridized for the pet trade. </p><p>Aviculturists have reported an over-abundance of female blue-and-yellow macaws in captivity, which differs from the general rule with captive macaws and other parrots, where the males are more abundant.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This would explain why the blue and gold is the most commonly hybridised macaw, and why the hybridising trend took hold among macaws. Common macaw hybrids include the harlequin (<i><a href="/wiki/Blue-and-yellow_macaw" title="Blue-and-yellow macaw">Ara ararauna</a></i> × <i><a href="/wiki/Red-and-green_macaw" title="Red-and-green macaw">Ara chloroptera</a></i>), miligold macaw (<i><a href="/wiki/Blue-and-yellow_macaw" title="Blue-and-yellow macaw">Ara ararauna</a></i> × <i><a href="/wiki/Military_macaw" title="Military macaw">Ara militaris</a></i>)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Catalina_macaw" title="Catalina macaw">Catalina</a> (known as the rainbow in Australia, <i><a href="/wiki/Blue-and-yellow_macaw" title="Blue-and-yellow macaw">Ara ararauna</a></i> × <i><a href="/wiki/Scarlet_macaw" title="Scarlet macaw">Ara macao</a></i>). In addition, unusual but apparently healthy intergeneric hybrids between the hyacinth macaw and several of the larger <i>Ara</i> macaws have also occasionally been seen in captivity.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another, much rarer, occurrence of a second-generation hybrid (F2) is the <a href="/wiki/Miliquin_macaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Miliquin macaw">miliquin macaw</a> (harlequin and military macaws).<sup id="cite_ref-washpost_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-washpost-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diet_and_clay_licks">Diet and clay licks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macaw&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Diet and clay licks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parrots_at_a_clay_lick_-Tambopata_National_Reserve,_Peru-8c.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Parrots_at_a_clay_lick_-Tambopata_National_Reserve%2C_Peru-8c.jpg/250px-Parrots_at_a_clay_lick_-Tambopata_National_Reserve%2C_Peru-8c.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Parrots_at_a_clay_lick_-Tambopata_National_Reserve%2C_Peru-8c.jpg/330px-Parrots_at_a_clay_lick_-Tambopata_National_Reserve%2C_Peru-8c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Parrots_at_a_clay_lick_-Tambopata_National_Reserve%2C_Peru-8c.jpg/500px-Parrots_at_a_clay_lick_-Tambopata_National_Reserve%2C_Peru-8c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1833" data-file-height="2280" /></a><figcaption>Macaws and <a href="/wiki/Southern_mealy_amazon" title="Southern mealy amazon">Southern mealy amazons</a> at a clay lick in Tambopata National Reserve, Peru</figcaption></figure> <p>Macaws eat a variety of foods including seeds, nuts, fruits, palm fruits, leaves, flowers, and stems. Safe vegetables include asparagus, beets, bell peppers, broccoli, butternut, carrots, corn on the cob, dandelion greens, collard greens, hot peppers, spinach, sweet potatoes, tomatoes and zucchini. Wild species may forage widely, over 100 km (62 mi) for some of the larger species such as <i>Ara araurana</i> (blue and yellow macaw) and <i>Ara ambigua</i> (great green macaw), in search of seasonally available foods. </p><p>Some foods eaten by macaws in certain regions in the wild are said to contain <a href="/wiki/Toxicity" title="Toxicity">toxic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Corrosive_substance" class="mw-redirect" title="Corrosive substance">caustic</a> substances which they are able to digest. It has been suggested that parrots and macaws in the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Basin">Amazon Basin</a> eat clay from exposed river banks to neutralize these toxins.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the western Amazon hundreds of macaws and other parrots descend to exposed river banks to consume clay on an almost daily basis<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – except on rainy days.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Donald Brightsmith, the principal investigator of <a href="/wiki/The_Macaw_Society" title="The Macaw Society">The Macaw Society</a>, located at the Tambopata Research Center (TRC) in Peru, has studied the clay eating behaviour of parrots at clay licks in Peru. He and fellow investigators found that the soils macaws choose to consume at the clay licks do not have higher levels of <a href="/wiki/Cation-exchange_capacity" title="Cation-exchange capacity">cation-exchange capacity</a> (ability to absorb toxins) than that of unused areas of the clay licks<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and thus the parrots could not be using the clay to neutralize ingested food toxins. Rather, the macaws and other bird and animal species prefer clays with higher levels of sodium.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sodium is a vital element that is scarce in environments greater than 100 kilometres from the ocean.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The distribution of clay licks across South America further supports this hypothesis – as the largest and most species-rich clay licks are found on the western side of the Amazon Basin far from oceanic influences.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Salt-enriched (<a href="/wiki/NaCl" class="mw-redirect" title="NaCl">NaCl</a>) oceanic aerosols are the main source of environmental sodium near coasts and this decreases drastically farther inland.<sup id="cite_ref-Lee_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Clay-eating behaviour by macaws is not seen outside the western Amazon region, even though macaws in these areas consume some toxic foods such as the seeds of <i>Hura crepitans</i>, or <a href="/wiki/Sandbox_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandbox tree">sandbox tree</a>, which have toxic sap. Species of parrot that consume more seeds, which potentially have more toxins, do not use clay licks more than species that eat a greater proportion of flowers or fruit in their diets.<sup id="cite_ref-Lee_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Studies at TRC have shown a correlation between clay-lick use and the breeding season.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contents of nestling <a href="/wiki/Crop_(anatomy)" title="Crop (anatomy)">crop</a> samples show a high percentage of clay fed to them by their parents. Calcium for egg development – another hypothesis – does not appear to be a reason for <a href="/wiki/Geophagy" class="mw-redirect" title="Geophagy">geophagy</a> during this period as peak usage is after the hatching of eggs. </p><p>Another theory is that the birds, as well as other herbivorous animals, use the clay licks as a source of <a href="/wiki/Cobalamin" class="mw-redirect" title="Cobalamin">cobalamin</a>, otherwise known as vitamin B<sub>12</sub>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relationship_with_humans">Relationship with humans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macaw&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Relationship with humans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Macaws and their feathers have attracted the attention of people throughout history, most notably in <a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era" title="Pre-Columbian era">pre-Columbian</a> civilizations such as the <a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Inca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wari%E2%80%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Wari’">Wari'</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nazca_culture" title="Nazca culture">Nazca</a>. Macaw feathers were highly desired for their bright colors and acquired through hunting and trade.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Feathers were often used as adornment and were found at both ceremonial and burial sites. South American weavers have used their feathers to create a number of textiles, most notably feathered panels and <a href="/wiki/Tabard" title="Tabard">tabards</a>. Due to the fragile nature of the feathers, many of these pieces have begun to deteriorate over time.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macaw&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Macaw.blueyellow.arp.750pix.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Blue-and-yellow macaws (Ara ararauna)"><img alt="Blue-and-yellow macaws (Ara ararauna)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Macaw.blueyellow.arp.750pix.jpg/250px-Macaw.blueyellow.arp.750pix.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Macaw.blueyellow.arp.750pix.jpg/330px-Macaw.blueyellow.arp.750pix.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Macaw.blueyellow.arp.750pix.jpg/500px-Macaw.blueyellow.arp.750pix.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Blue-and-yellow_macaw" title="Blue-and-yellow macaw">Blue-and-yellow macaws</a> (<i>Ara ararauna</i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Military_Macaw_jbp.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Military macaw (Ara militaris)"><img alt="Military macaw (Ara militaris)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Military_Macaw_jbp.jpg/162px-Military_Macaw_jbp.jpg" decoding="async" width="162" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Military_Macaw_jbp.jpg/244px-Military_Macaw_jbp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Military_Macaw_jbp.jpg/325px-Military_Macaw_jbp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="469" data-file-height="577" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Military_macaw" title="Military macaw">Military macaw</a> (<i>Ara militaris</i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scarlet_Macaw.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wing clipped scarlet macaws (Ara macao)"><img alt="Wing clipped scarlet macaws (Ara macao)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Scarlet_Macaw.jpg/104px-Scarlet_Macaw.jpg" decoding="async" width="104" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Scarlet_Macaw.jpg/156px-Scarlet_Macaw.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Scarlet_Macaw.jpg/208px-Scarlet_Macaw.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1040" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Wing_clipping" title="Wing clipping">Wing clipped</a> <a href="/wiki/Scarlet_macaw" title="Scarlet macaw">scarlet macaws</a> (<i>Ara macao</i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Golden-collared_Macaw_041.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Golden-collared macaw (Primolius auricollis)"><img alt="Golden-collared macaw (Primolius auricollis)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Golden-collared_Macaw_041.jpg/250px-Golden-collared_Macaw_041.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Golden-collared_Macaw_041.jpg/330px-Golden-collared_Macaw_041.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Golden-collared_Macaw_041.jpg/500px-Golden-collared_Macaw_041.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1654" data-file-height="1366" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Golden-collared_macaw" title="Golden-collared macaw">Golden-collared macaw</a> (<i>Primolius auricollis</i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HyacinthMacaw.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hyacinth macaw"><img alt="Hyacinth macaw" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/HyacinthMacaw.jpg/220px-HyacinthMacaw.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/HyacinthMacaw.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="211" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Hyacinth_macaw" title="Hyacinth macaw">Hyacinth macaw</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macaw&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFReference-OED-macaw" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/search/dictionary/?q=macaw">"macaw"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (Online ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=macaw&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fsearch%2Fdictionary%2F%3Fq%3Dmacaw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacaw" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/public/login/loggingin#withyourlibrary">participating institution membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCprop177.html">South American Classification Committee</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070224143750/http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~remsen/SACCprop177.html">Archived</a> 2007-02-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> To reassign the genus of three macaws.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Abramson-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Abramson_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Abramson_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Abramson_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Abramson, J., Speer, B. L., & Thomsen, J.B. 1999, "The Large Macaws, Their Care and Breeding", Raintree Publications: CA</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Macaw_facial_fingerprint-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Macaw_facial_fingerprint_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171210123510/http://webparrots.com/blue_and_gold_macaw.html">"Facial fingerprint"</a>. <i>webparrots.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webparrots.com/blue_and_gold_macaw.html">the original</a> on 2017-12-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-07-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=webparrots.com&rft.atitle=Facial+fingerprint&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwebparrots.com%2Fblue_and_gold_macaw.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacaw" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zoonomen-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-zoonomen_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zoonomen.net/avtax/psit.html">"Zoological Nomenclature Resource: Psittaciformes (Version 9.004)"</a>. www.zoonomen.net. 2008-07-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zoological+Nomenclature+Resource%3A+Psittaciformes+%28Version+9.004%29&rft.pub=www.zoonomen.net&rft.date=2008-07-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zoonomen.net%2Favtax%2Fpsit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacaw" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fuller1987-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fuller1987_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fuller1987_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFuller1987" class="citation book cs1">Fuller, Errol (1987). <i>Extinct Birds</i>. Penguin Books (England). pp. <span class="nowrap">148–</span>9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-670-81787-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-670-81787-0"><bdi>978-0-670-81787-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Extinct+Birds&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E148-%3C%2Fspan%3E9&rft.pub=Penguin+Books+%28England%29&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-670-81787-0&rft.aulast=Fuller&rft.aufirst=Errol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacaw" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wetmore1937-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wetmore1937_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWetmore1937" class="citation journal cs1">Wetmore, A. (1937). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.46429%2Fjaupr.v21i1.14340">"Ancient records of birds from the island of St. Croix with observations on extinct and living birds of Puerto Rico"</a>. <i>Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico</i>. <b>21</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">5–</span>16. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.46429%2Fjaupr.v21i1.14340">10.46429/jaupr.v21i1.14340</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agriculture+of+the+University+of+Puerto+Rico&rft.atitle=Ancient+records+of+birds+from+the+island+of+St.+Croix+with+observations+on+extinct+and+living+birds+of+Puerto+Rico&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E5-%3C%2Fspan%3E16&rft.date=1937&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.46429%2Fjaupr.v21i1.14340&rft.aulast=Wetmore&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.46429%252Fjaupr.v21i1.14340&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacaw" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSnyder,_N.McGowan,_P.Gilardi,_J.Grajal,_A.2000" class="citation book cs1">Snyder, N.; McGowan, P.; Gilardi, J.; Grajal, A., eds. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YBWYK1BDCo0C"><i>Parrots: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan 2000–2004</i></a>. Gland, Switzerland, and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-83170504-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-83170504-0"><bdi>978-2-83170504-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Parrots%3A+Status+Survey+and+Conservation+Action+Plan+2000%E2%80%932004&rft.place=Gland%2C+Switzerland%2C+and+Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.pub=IUCN&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-2-83170504-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYBWYK1BDCo0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacaw" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWatson2017" class="citation journal cs1">Watson, Traci (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/news/prehistoric-native-americans-farmed-macaws-in-feather-factories-1.21803">"Prehistoric Native Americans farmed macaws in 'feather factories.'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature.2017.21803">10.1038/nature.2017.21803</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:164761495">164761495</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Prehistoric+Native+Americans+farmed+macaws+in+%27feather+factories.%27&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature.2017.21803&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A164761495%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=Traci&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Fnews%2Fprehistoric-native-americans-farmed-macaws-in-feather-factories-1.21803&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacaw" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://animal-world.com/encyclo/birds/macaws/Miligold.php">"Miligold Macaw, Hybrid Cross between a Military Macaw and a Blue and Gold Macaw"</a>. Animal-world.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-03-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Miligold+Macaw%2C+Hybrid+Cross+between+a+Military+Macaw+and+a+Blue+and+Gold+Macaw&rft.pub=Animal-world.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fanimal-world.com%2Fencyclo%2Fbirds%2Fmacaws%2FMiligold.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacaw" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://animal-world.com/encyclo/birds/macaws/HybridMacaws.php">Macaws, Hybrid Names</a>, and pages on individual hybrids.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-washpost-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-washpost_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVargas" class="citation news cs1">Vargas, Theresa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/an-unlikely-parrot-love-story-may-have-resulted-in-a-new-species/2020/01/03/115bf68a-2e66-11ea-bcd4-24597950008f_story.html">"An unlikely parrot love story may have resulted in a new species"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=An+unlikely+parrot+love+story+may+have+resulted+in+a+new+species&rft.aulast=Vargas&rft.aufirst=Theresa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flocal%2Fan-unlikely-parrot-love-story-may-have-resulted-in-a-new-species%2F2020%2F01%2F03%2F115bf68a-2e66-11ea-bcd4-24597950008f_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacaw" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGilardi1996" class="citation thesis cs1">Gilardi, James D. (1996). <i>Ecology of Parrots in the Peruvian Amazon: Habitat Use, Nutrition, and Geophagy</i> (Ph.D.). Davis, California: University of California at Davis.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Ecology+of+Parrots+in+the+Peruvian+Amazon%3A+Habitat+Use%2C+Nutrition%2C+and+Geophagy&rft.inst=University+of+California+at+Davis&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Gilardi&rft.aufirst=James+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacaw" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMunn1994" class="citation journal cs1">Munn, C. A. (January 1994). "Macaws: winged rainbows". <i>National Geographic</i>. <b>185</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">118–</span>140.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=Macaws%3A+winged+rainbows&rft.volume=185&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E118-%3C%2Fspan%3E140&rft.date=1994-01&rft.aulast=Munn&rft.aufirst=C.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacaw" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrightsmith2004" class="citation journal cs1">Brightsmith, D. J. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/209843">"Effects of Weather on Parrot Geophagy in Tambopata, Peru"</a>. <i>The Wilson Bulletin</i>. <b>116</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">134–</span>145. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1676%2F03-087b">10.1676/03-087b</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4164648">4164648</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:83509448">83509448</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wilson+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Weather+on+Parrot+Geophagy+in+Tambopata%2C+Peru&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E134-%3C%2Fspan%3E145&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A83509448%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4164648%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1676%2F03-087b&rft.aulast=Brightsmith&rft.aufirst=D.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpart%2F209843&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacaw" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrightsmithMuñoz-Najar2004" class="citation journal cs1">Brightsmith, Donald J.; Muñoz-Najar, Romina Aramburu (2004). "Avian Geophagy and Soil Characteristics in Southeastern Peru". <i>Biotropica</i>. <b>36</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">534–</span>543. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004Biotr..36..534B">2004Biotr..36..534B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1744-7429.2004.tb00348.x">10.1111/j.1744-7429.2004.tb00348.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotropica&rft.atitle=Avian+Geophagy+and+Soil+Characteristics+in+Southeastern+Peru&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E534-%3C%2Fspan%3E543&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1744-7429.2004.tb00348.x&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2004Biotr..36..534B&rft.aulast=Brightsmith&rft.aufirst=Donald+J.&rft.au=Mu%C3%B1oz-Najar%2C+Romina+Aramburu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacaw" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPowellPowellPowellBrightsmith2009" class="citation journal cs1">Powell, Luke L.; Powell, Thomas U.; Powell, George V. N.; Brightsmith, Donald J. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1744-7429.2009.00514.x">"Parrots Take it with a Grain of Salt: Available Sodium Content May Drive <i>Collpa</i>(Clay Lick) Selection in Southeastern Peru"</a>. <i>Biotropica</i>. <b>41</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">279–</span>282. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009Biotr..41..279P">2009Biotr..41..279P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1744-7429.2009.00514.x">10.1111/j.1744-7429.2009.00514.x</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:86506489">86506489</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotropica&rft.atitle=Parrots+Take+it+with+a+Grain+of+Salt%3A+Available+Sodium+Content+May+Drive+Collpa%28Clay+Lick%29+Selection+in+Southeastern+Peru&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E279-%3C%2Fspan%3E282&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A86506489%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1744-7429.2009.00514.x&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2009Biotr..41..279P&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=Luke+L.&rft.au=Powell%2C+Thomas+U.&rft.au=Powell%2C+George+V.+N.&rft.au=Brightsmith%2C+Donald+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-7429.2009.00514.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacaw" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKaspariYanoviakDudley2008" class="citation journal cs1">Kaspari, M.; Yanoviak, S. P.; Dudley, R. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2584704">"On the biogeography of salt limitation: A study of ant communities"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>. <b>105</b> (46): <span class="nowrap">17848–</span>17851. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008PNAS..10517848K">2008PNAS..10517848K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0804528105">10.1073/pnas.0804528105</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2584704">2584704</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19004798">19004798</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=On+the+biogeography+of+salt+limitation%3A+A+study+of+ant+communities&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=46&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E17848-%3C%2Fspan%3E17851&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2584704%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19004798&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.0804528105&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2008PNAS..10517848K&rft.aulast=Kaspari&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.au=Yanoviak%2C+S.+P.&rft.au=Dudley%2C+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2584704&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacaw" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLeeKumarBrightsmithMarsden2009" class="citation journal cs1">Lee, Alan T. K.; Kumar, Sunil; Brightsmith, Donald J.; Marsden, Stuart J. (2009). "Parrot claylick distribution in South America: Do patterns of 'where' help answer the question 'why'?". <i>Ecography</i>. <b>33</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">503–</span>513. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0587.2009.05878.x">10.1111/j.1600-0587.2009.05878.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecography&rft.atitle=Parrot+claylick+distribution+in+South+America%3A+Do+patterns+of+%27where%27+help+answer+the+question+%27why%27%3F&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E503-%3C%2Fspan%3E513&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1600-0587.2009.05878.x&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Alan+T.+K.&rft.au=Kumar%2C+Sunil&rft.au=Brightsmith%2C+Donald+J.&rft.au=Marsden%2C+Stuart+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacaw" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lee-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lee_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lee_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLee2010" class="citation thesis cs1">Lee, A. T. K. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://macawproject.org/index.php/reports-theses-and-conference-papers/viewdownload/10-reports-theses-and-conference-papers/62-parrot-claylicks-distribution-patterns-of-use-and-ecological-correlates-from-a-parrot-assemblage-in-southeastern-peru"><i>Parrot Claylicks: Distribution, Patterns of Use and Ecological Correlates from a Parrot Assemblage in Southeastern Peru</i></a> (Ph.D.). Manchester Metropolitan University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Parrot+Claylicks%3A+Distribution%2C+Patterns+of+Use+and+Ecological+Correlates+from+a+Parrot+Assemblage+in+Southeastern+Peru&rft.inst=Manchester+Metropolitan+University&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=A.+T.+K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmacawproject.org%2Findex.php%2Freports-theses-and-conference-papers%2Fviewdownload%2F10-reports-theses-and-conference-papers%2F62-parrot-claylicks-distribution-patterns-of-use-and-ecological-correlates-from-a-parrot-assemblage-in-southeastern-peru&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacaw" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brightsmith, D. J. 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://site.perunature.com/Research2/Brightsmith_Parrot_annual_patterns_in_Tambopata_2006.pdf">"The psittacine year: what drives annual cycles in Tambopata's parrots?"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150906220132/http://site.perunature.com/Research2/Brightsmith_Parrot_annual_patterns_in_Tambopata_2006.pdf">Archived</a> 2015-09-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Proceedings of the Loro Parque International Parrot Symposium, Tenerife, Spain.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nga.gov.au/exhibition/incas/default.cfm?IRN=231353&BioArtistIRN=91414&MnuID=3&GalID=4&ViewID=2">"Gold and the Incas - LEARN MORE| | Plume"</a>. <i>nga.gov.au</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-11-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nga.gov.au&rft.atitle=Gold+and+the+Incas+-+LEARN+MORE%7C+%7C+Plume&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnga.gov.au%2Fexhibition%2Fincas%2Fdefault.cfm%3FIRN%3D231353%26BioArtistIRN%3D91414%26MnuID%3D3%26GalID%3D4%26ViewID%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacaw" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metmuseum.org/blogs/now-at-the-met/2018/golden-kingdoms-featherworks">"When Feathers Were the Treasures of the Rainforest"</a>. <i>www.metmuseum.org</i>. 3 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-11-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.metmuseum.org&rft.atitle=When+Feathers+Were+the+Treasures+of+the+Rainforest&rft.date=2018-05-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Fblogs%2Fnow-at-the-met%2F2018%2Fgolden-kingdoms-featherworks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacaw" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macaw&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181010152826/http://www.macaw-facts.com/">Macaw Facts</a> Indepth Macaw Research</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aquaticcommunity.com/macaws/">Macaws</a> Macaw care</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sandiegozoo.org/animalbytes/t-macaw.html">San Diego Zoo Animal Bytes: Macaw</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120701134019/http://macawproject.org/">Tambopata Macaw Project</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://animal-world.com/encyclo/birds/macaws/HybridMacaws.php">Information about macaw hybrids in captivity</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Macaws341" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Macaws" title="Template:Macaws"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Macaws" title="Template talk:Macaws"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Macaws" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Macaws"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Macaws341" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Macaws</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">Genus</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#eef;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">Species</a></b> (extinctions: † indicates a species confirmed to be extinct, ₴ indicates evidence only from sub-fossils)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Anodorhynchus" title="Anodorhynchus">Anodorhynchus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glaucous_macaw" title="Glaucous macaw">Glaucous macaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyacinth_macaw" title="Hyacinth macaw">Hyacinth macaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lear%27s_macaw" title="Lear's macaw">Lear's macaw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Cyanopsitta</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spix%27s_macaw" title="Spix's macaw">Spix's macaw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ara_(bird)" title="Ara (bird)">Ara</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue-and-yellow_macaw" title="Blue-and-yellow macaw">Blue-and-yellow macaw (or blue-and-gold macaw)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue-throated_macaw" title="Blue-throated macaw">Blue-throated macaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_macaw" title="Military macaw">Military macaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_green_macaw" title="Great green macaw">Great green macaw (or Buffon's macaw)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarlet_macaw" title="Scarlet macaw">Scarlet macaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-and-green_macaw" title="Red-and-green macaw">Red-and-green macaw (or green-winged macaw)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-fronted_macaw" title="Red-fronted macaw">Red-fronted macaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chestnut-fronted_macaw" title="Chestnut-fronted macaw">Chestnut-fronted macaw (or severe macaw)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_macaw" title="Cuban macaw">Cuban macaw</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Croix_macaw" title="St. Croix macaw">St. Croix macaw</a> † ₴</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Orthopsittaca</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red-bellied_macaw" title="Red-bellied macaw">Red-bellied macaw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Primolius" title="Primolius">Primolius</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue-headed_macaw" title="Blue-headed macaw">Blue-headed macaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue-winged_macaw" title="Blue-winged macaw">Blue-winged macaw (or Illiger's macaw)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden-collared_macaw" title="Golden-collared macaw">Golden-collared macaw (or yellow-collared macaw)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Diopsittaca</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red-shouldered_macaw" title="Red-shouldered macaw">Red-shouldered macaw (Hahn's macaw or noble macaw)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hypothetical_species" title="Hypothetical species">Hypothetical extinct</a> macaws<br /></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lesser_Antillean_macaw" title="Lesser Antillean macaw">Lesser Antillean macaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinique_macaw" title="Martinique macaw">Martinique macaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-headed_macaw" title="Red-headed macaw">Red-headed macaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_red_macaw" title="Jamaican red macaw">Jamaican red macaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_green-and-yellow_macaw" title="Dominican green-and-yellow macaw">Dominican green-and-yellow macaw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_macaw" title="Hybrid macaw">Hybrid macaws</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalina_macaw" title="Catalina macaw">Catalina macaw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neotropical_parrot" title="Neotropical parrot">Neotropical parrots</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tribe_(biology)" title="Tribe (biology)">tribe</a>: <a href="/wiki/Arini_(tribe)" title="Arini (tribe)">Arini</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_macaw" title="Hybrid macaw">Hybrid macaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_macaws" title="List of macaws">List of macaws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini-macaw" title="Mini-macaw">Mini-macaws</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Eagle_01.svg/20px-Eagle_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Eagle_01.svg/40px-Eagle_01.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="317" data-file-height="381" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Birds" title="Portal:Birds">Birds</a></li></ul></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Macaw&oldid=1282356907">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Macaw&oldid=1282356907</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Macaws" title="Category:Macaws">Macaws</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bird_common_names" title="Category:Bird common names">Bird common names</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_September_2014" title="Category:Use British English from September 2014">Use British English from September 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2010" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2010">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2010</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 25 March 2025, at 22:32<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Macaw&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Macaw</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>34 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c6f46dcf-pw6gj","wgBackendResponseTime":130,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.627","walltime":"0.833","ppvisitednodes":{"value":7590,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":68029,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4406,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":7,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":89467,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 748.030 1 -total"," 33.45% 250.211 1 Template:Paraphyletic_group"," 26.96% 201.671 1 Template:Reflist"," 11.54% 86.357 1 Template:OED"," 10.14% 75.849 1 Template:Macaws"," 9.73% 72.750 1 Template:Navbox"," 9.46% 70.792 1 Template:Short_description"," 5.66% 42.315 8 Template:Cite_journal"," 4.83% 36.106 2 Template:Pagetype"," 4.44% 33.204 35 Template:Delink"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.452","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":9236824,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c6f46dcf-vvcqq","timestamp":"20250331025445","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Macaw","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Macaw","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q219035","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q219035","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-07-15T20:14:29Z","dateModified":"2025-03-25T22:32:05Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/6d\/Blue-and-Yellow-Macaw.jpg","headline":"macaw bird of parrot family"}</script> </body> </html>