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suisse sélectionnée pour le programme de résidence artistique Connect"> <span> Une artiste suisse sélectionnée pour le progr... </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> At CERN </div> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> News </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2025-01-30T13:00:00Z">30 janvier, 2025</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row"> <div data-history-node-id="191421" id="preview-card--2" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-12/202204-064_375.jpg?itok=nP87BzBh') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-12/202204-064_375.jpg?itok=nP87BzBh" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern"> <a class="box-link" target="" 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</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row"> <div data-history-node-id="191397" id="preview-card--3" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-11/Montclar.jpg?itok=1v3MFmuM') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-11/Montclar.jpg?itok=1v3MFmuM" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/fr/news/news/engineering/cern-signs-long-term-solar-power-agreements"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/fr/news/news/engineering/cern-signs-long-term-solar-power-agreements" hreflang="fr" title="Le CERN signe des contrats à long terme pour s’approvisionner en énergie solaire"> <span> Le CERN signe des contrats à long terme pour ... </span> </a> 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BIRTH OF WEB, LHC...</span> <div class="search-block-form block block-search block-search-form-block" data-drupal-selector="search-block-form" role="search"> <form action="/fr/search/node" method="get" id="search-block-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"> <div class="form-item js-form-item form-type-search js-form-type-search form-item-keys js-form-item-keys form-no-label form-group"> <label for="edit-keys" class="control-label sr-only">Rechercher</label> <div class="input-group"><input title="Indiquer les termes à rechercher" data-drupal-selector="edit-keys" class="form-search form-control" placeholder="Rechercher" type="search" id="edit-keys" name="keys" value="" size="15" maxlength="128" data-toggle="tooltip" /><span class="input-group-btn"><button type="submit" value="Rechercher" class="button js-form-submit form-submit btn-primary btn icon-only"><span class="sr-only">Rechercher</span><span class="icon glyphicon glyphicon-search" aria-hidden="true"></span></button></span></div> </div> <div class="form-actions form-group js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" data-drupal-selector="edit-actions" id="edit-actions"></div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="dropdown cern-menu-lang-switcher"> <a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="true"> <span class="separator">|</span> fr <span class="caret"></span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><section class="language-switcher-language-url block block-language block-language-blocklanguage-interface clearfix" role="navigation"> <ul class="links"><li hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/486" class="en"><a href="/science/experiments/ua1" class="language-link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/486">en</a></li><li hreflang="fr" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/486" class="fr is-active" aria-current="page"><a href="/fr/science/experiments/ua1" class="language-link is-active" hreflang="fr" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/486" aria-current="page">fr</a></li></ul> </section> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <!-- /.navbar-collapse --> </div> <!-- /.container-fluid --> </nav> </nav> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <main role="main"> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div class="container-fluid cern-page-display-page cern-page-display-story_page"> <div class="has-no-column wrapper-center col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="region region-content"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> <div class="layout layout__region story-page-node-layout-content"> <div class="field--items"> </div> <div class="story-page-node--image story-page-legacy-title" style="background: radial-gradient(at center center, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) 100%), url(/sites/default/files/2018-06/ua1_1.jpg) no-repeat center center / cover"> <h1 class="story-page-node--title text-center mb-4"> UA1 </h1> <hr style="width: 150px;border-top-width: 2px;" /> <p class="story-page-node--strap text-center mb-4"><b>Le détecteur UA1 a passé au crible un milliard de collisions proton-antiproton au SPS, à la recherche de traces des particules W et Z </b></p> </div> <div class="container story-page-legacy-body"> <div class="story-page-node--body mt-2 clearfix"> <p>Le détecteur UA1 (<em>Underground Area 1</em>) était un détecteur de particules auprès du <a href="/fr/about/accelerators/super-proton-synchrotron">Supersynchrotron à protons</a> (SPS). De 1981 à 1990, alors que le SPS servait de collisionneur proton-antiproton, UA1 recherchait les traces des particules W et Z issues des collisions.</p> <p>Les deux détecteurs mobiles, UA1 et <a href="http://test-home.web.cern.ch/about/experiments/ua2">UA2</a>, ont été construits autour du tube de faisceau du SPS tout spécialement pour être utilisés lors de l’exploitation en mode proton-antiproton. Ils pouvaient être écartés facilement après les périodes d’acquisition de données de collisions, ce qui permettait au SPS de reprendre son fonctionnement en mode cible fixe.</p> <p>Le détecteur central d’UA1 était un cylindre composé de six chambres et mesurait 5,8 mètres de long et 2,3 mètres de diamètre. À l’époque, c’était la plus grande chambre à dérive à imagerie. Lorsque les particules chargées pénétraient dans la chambre remplie d’un mélange argon-éthane, elles ionisaient les molécules de gaz, arrachant ainsi des électrons. Les électrons dérivaient alors le long des 170 000 fils du champ et étaient recueillis par 6 125 fils capteurs. La disposition des fils permettait aux physiciens d’UA1 de reconstituer les collisions en trois dimensions.</p> <p>UA1 enregistrait la trajectoire des particules chargées s’incurvant sous l’influence d’un champ magnétique de 0,7 teslas, mesurant leur impulsion, le signe de leur charge électrique et leur perte d’énergie. Un électro-aimant résistif de 800 tonnes assurait un champ magnétique grâce à de fins anneaux d’aluminium définissant un espace de 85 mètres cubes. Quarante-huit sous-détecteurs électromagnétiques étaient disposés autour du détecteur central et à l'intérieur de l'aimant. Composés de plusieurs couches de plomb, ils étaient surnommés « gondoles » à cause de leur forme.</p> <p>À l’extérieur de l’aimant se trouvaient les calorimètres – les détecteurs dont la fonction est de mesurer l’énergie perdue par les particules lors de leur passage. Le calorimètre électromagnétique mesurait l’énergie des électrons et des photons alors que le calorimètre hadronique mesurait l’énergie des hadrons (particules contenant des quarks, telles que protons et neutrons).</p> <p>Les muons sont des particules qui interagissent très peu avec la matière. Ils peuvent ainsi traverser plusieurs mètres de matériau dense avant de s’arrêter. C’est pour cette raison que les chambres à muons, des trajectographes servant à détecter les muons, constituent généralement la couche la plus extérieure du détecteur. UA1 ne faisait pas exception : trente kilomètres d’aluminium extrudé ont été nécessaires à la fabrication des nombreuses chambres à muons qui recouvraient l’extérieur d’UA1 en une plaque épaisse.</p> <p>La découverte du boson W en janvier 1983 a été l’un des temps forts du détecteur UA1. La conception des détecteurs « hermétiques » et polyvalents développée pour le <a href="/fr/about/accelerators/large-electron-positron-collider">Grand collisionneur électron-positon</a> (LEP) et le <a href="/fr/about/accelerators/large-hadron-collider">Grand collisionneur à hadrons</a> (LHC) s’inspire de celle d’UA1.</p> <p><em>Le détecteur central UA1 est exposé au </em><a href="http://outreach.web.cern.ch/outreach/expos_cern/microcosm.html">Microcosm</a> au CERN</p> </div> <div class="story-page-node--tags mt-2"> <a href="/tags/super-proton-synchrotron" hreflang="en">Super Proton Synchrotron</a><a href="/tags/z-boson" hreflang="en">Z boson</a><a href="/tags/w-boson" hreflang="en">W boson</a><a href="/tags/ua1" hreflang="en">UA1</a><a href="/tags/antiproton" hreflang="en">antiproton</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer role="contentinfo"> <div class="row cern-footer"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-4 footer-first-col"> <div class="region 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