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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logga in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sidor för utloggade redigerare <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A4lp:Introduktion" aria-label="Läs mer om redigering"><span>läs mer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Mina_bidrag" title="En lista över redigeringar från denna IP-adress [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Min_diskussion" title="Diskussion om redigeringar från det här IP-numret [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innehåll" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innehåll</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geografi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Geografi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Norra_Kurdistan_i_Turkiet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Norra_Kurdistan_i_Turkiet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Norra Kurdistan i Turkiet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Norra_Kurdistan_i_Turkiet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nordöstra_Kurdistan_i_Armenien" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nordöstra_Kurdistan_i_Armenien"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Nordöstra Kurdistan i Armenien</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nordöstra_Kurdistan_i_Armenien-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Södra_Kurdistan_i_Irak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Södra_Kurdistan_i_Irak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Södra Kurdistan i Irak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Södra_Kurdistan_i_Irak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Östra_Kurdistan_i_Iran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Östra_Kurdistan_i_Iran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Östra Kurdistan i Iran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Östra_Kurdistan_i_Iran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Västra_Kurdistan_i_Syrien" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Västra_Kurdistan_i_Syrien"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Västra Kurdistan i Syrien</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Västra_Kurdistan_i_Syrien-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Städer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Städer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Städer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Städer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klimat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klimat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Klimat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klimat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ekonomi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ekonomi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Ekonomi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ekonomi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vatten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vatten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Vatten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vatten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demografi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demografi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Demografi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Språk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Språk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Språk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Språk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kultur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kultur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Kultur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kultur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_även" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_även"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Se även</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_även-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Referenser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vidare_läsning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vidare_läsning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Vidare läsning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vidare_läsning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externa_länkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externa_länkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Externa länkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Innehållsförteckning" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kurdistan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 116 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-116" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">116 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koerdistan" title="Koerdistan – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Koerdistan" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="كردستان – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كردستان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdist%C3%A1n" title="Kurdistán – aragonesiska" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Kurdistán" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A9%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%95%DC%A3%DC%AC%DC%A2" title="ܩܘܪܕܣܬܢ – arameiska" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܩܘܪܕܣܬܢ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curdist%C3%A1n" title="Curdistán – asturiska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Curdistán" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कुर्दिस्तान – awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="कुर्दिस्तान" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BCrd%C3%BCstan" title="Kürdüstan – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kürdüstan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کوردوستان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کوردوستان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan – bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Kurdistan" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="কুর্দিস্তান – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কুর্দিস্তান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Курдистан – basjkiriska" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Курдистан" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkiriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Курдыстан – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Курдыстан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Кюрдистан – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кюрдистан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan – bretonska" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kurdistan" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kurdistan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kurdistan" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdist%C3%A1n" title="Kurdistán – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kurdistán" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cwrdistan" title="Cwrdistan – walesiska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cwrdistan" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kurdistan" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kurdistan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan – lågsorbiska" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Kurdistan" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="lågsorbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kurdistan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B4%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Κουρδιστάν – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κουρδιστάν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Kurdistan" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdist%C3%A1n" title="Kurdistán – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kurdistán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdio" title="Kurdio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kurdio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kurdistan" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کردستان – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کردستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kurdistan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koerdistan" title="Koerdistan – västfrisiska" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Koerdistan" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="västfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Chordast%C3%A1in" title="An Chordastáin – iriska" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Chordastáin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdist%C3%A1n" title="Kurdistán – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Kurdistán" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD" title="𐌺𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽 – gotiska" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌺𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gotiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Kurdistan" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BF%A0%EB%A5%B4%EB%94%94%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84" title="쿠르디스탄 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="쿠르디스탄" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kurdistan" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuludiskana" title="Kuludiskana – hawaiiska" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kuludiskana" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaiiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Քուրդիստան – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քուրդիստան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कुर्दिस्तान – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कुर्दिस्तान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kurdistan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kurdistan" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Kurdistan" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kurdistan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Курдистан – ossetiska" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Курдистан" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BArdistan" title="Kúrdistan – isländska" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kúrdistan" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="isländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kurdistan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%9F" title="כורדיסטן – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כורדיסטן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdhistan" title="Kurdhistan – javanesiska" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kurdhistan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Kurdistan" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ქურთისტანი – georgiska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქურთისტანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Күрдістан – kazakiska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Күрдістан" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan – kurdiska" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kurdistan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%96%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99" title="ເຄີດິສຖານ – laotiska" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເຄີດິສຖານ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laotiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curdistania" title="Curdistania – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Curdistania" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdist%C4%81na" title="Kurdistāna – lettiska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kurdistāna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistanas" title="Kurdistanas – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kurdistanas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan – liguriska" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Kurdistan" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curdistan" title="Curdistan – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Curdistan" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdiszt%C3%A1n" title="Kurdisztán – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kurdisztán" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Курдистан – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Курдистан" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kordist%C3%A0na" title="Kordistàna – malagassiska" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kordistàna" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurut%C4%81nga" title="Kurutānga – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Kurutānga" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कुर्दिस्तान – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कुर्दिस्तान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ქურთისტანი – mingrelianska" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ქურთისტანი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="کوردستون – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کوردستون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kurdistan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koerdistan" title="Koerdistan – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Koerdistan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कुर्दिस्तान – nepalesiska" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कुर्दिस्तान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AB%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3" title="クルディスタン – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クルディスタン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%85%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%8C" title="Кхурдойчоь – tjetjenska" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Кхурдойчоь" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tjetjenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kurdistan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan – nynorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kurdistan" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curdistan" title="Curdistan – occitanska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Curdistan" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdiston" title="Kurdiston – uzbekiska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kurdiston" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਕੁਰਦਿਸਤਾਨ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੁਰਦਿਸਤਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کردستان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کردستان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کوردستان – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کوردستان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdystan" title="Kurdystan – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kurdystan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curdist%C3%A3o" title="Curdistão – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Curdistão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan – kölniska" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Kurdistan" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kölniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Kurdistan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurthusuyu" title="Kurthusuyu – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kurthusuyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Курдистан – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Курдистан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan – sardinska" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Kurdistan" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardinska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan – skotska" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Kurdistan" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan – saterfrisiska" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Kurdistan" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistani" title="Kurdistani – albanska" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kurdistani" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan – sicilianska" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Kurdistan" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kurdistan" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kurdistan" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kurdistan" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bra artikel"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کوردستان – centralkurdiska" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کوردستان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralkurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Курдистан – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Курдистан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kurdistan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kurdistan" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="குர்திசுத்தான் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குர்திசுத்தான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan – tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Kurdistan" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan – kabyliska" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Kurdistan" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Көрдстан – tatariska" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Көрдстан" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="เคอร์ดิสถาน – thailändska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เคอร์ดิสถาน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailändska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Курдистон – tadzjikiska" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Курдистон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadzjikiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BCrdistan" title="Kürdistan – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kürdistan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BCrd%C3%BCstan" title="Kürdüstan – turkmeniska" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Kürdüstan" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%80%E1%A8%98%E1%A8%91%E1%A8%89%E1%A8%94%E1%A8%88%E1%A8%93%E1%A8%8A" title="ᨀᨘᨑᨉᨔᨈᨓᨊ – buginesiska" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨀᨘᨑᨉᨔᨈᨓᨊ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="buginesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Курдистан – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Курдистан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کردستان – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کردستان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%DB%87%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="كۇردىستان – uiguriska" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كۇردىستان" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kurdistan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kurdistan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%93%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="库尔德斯坦 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="库尔德斯坦" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9F" title="קורדיסטאן – jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קורדיסטאן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E7%88%BE%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="庫爾德斯坦 – kantonesiska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="庫爾德斯坦" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurd%C4%B1stan_(m%C4%B1nt%C4%B1qa)" title="Kurdıstan (mıntıqa) – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Kurdıstan (mıntıqa)" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E7%88%BE%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="庫爾德斯坦 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="庫爾德斯坦" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mos mw-list-item"><a href="https://mos.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdist%C3%A3n" title="Kurdistãn – mossi" lang="mos" hreflang="mos" data-title="Kurdistãn" data-language-autonym="Moore" data-language-local-name="mossi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Moore</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan – talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Kurdistan" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><div class="noexcerpt noprint hanvisning_bas hatnote"> <dl><dd><i>För det självstyrande området i norra Irak, se <a href="/wiki/Irakiska_Kurdistan" title="Irakiska Kurdistan">Irakiska Kurdistan</a>.  För det självstyrande området i norra Syrien, se <a href="/wiki/Rojava" title="Rojava">Rojava</a>.  För provinsen i Iran, se <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_(Iran)" title="Kurdistan (Iran)">Kurdistan (Iran)</a>.  </i></dd></dl></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r51224235">.mw-parser-output table.ambox{margin:0 10%;border-collapse:collapse;background:#fbfbfb;border:1px solid #aaa;border-left:10px solid #608ec2}.mw-parser-output table.ambox th.ambox-text,.mw-parser-output table.ambox td.ambox-text{padding:.25em .5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output table.ambox td.ambox-image{padding:2px 0 2px .5em;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output table.ambox td.ambox-imageright{padding:2px 4px 2px 0;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #608ec2}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-delete,.mw-parser-output table.ambox-serious{border-left:10px solid #b22222}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #f4c430}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-merge{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox{border-top-width:0}.mw-parser-output .messagebox{border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#f8f9fa;width:80%;margin:0 auto 1em auto;padding:.2em}.mw-parser-output .messagebox.merge{border:1px solid #c0b8cc;background-color:#f0e5ff;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .messagebox.cleanup{border:1px solid #9f9fff;background-color:#efefff;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .messagebox.standard-talk{border:1px solid #c0c090;background-color:#f8eaba}.mw-parser-output .messagebox.nested-talk{border:1px solid #c0c090;background-color:#f8eaba;width:100%;margin:2px 4px}</style><table class="metadata ambox ambox-content" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td class="ambox-image"> <div style="width:52px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Question_book-4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/40px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/60px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/80px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></div></td> <td class="ambox-text">Den här artikeln <b>behöver fler eller bättre <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:K%C3%A4llh%C3%A4nvisningar" title="Wikipedia:Källhänvisningar">källhänvisningar</a> för att kunna <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifierbarhet" title="Wikipedia:Verifierbarhet">verifieras</a>.</b> <small>(2014-03)</small> <br /><small>Åtgärda genom att lägga till pålitliga källor (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Introduktion_till_k%C3%A4llh%C3%A4nvisningar" title="Wikipedia:Introduktion till källhänvisningar">gärna som fotnoter</a>). Uppgifter utan källhänvisning kan <a href="/wiki/Mall:K%C3%A4lla_beh%C3%B6vs" title="Mall:Källa behövs">ifrågasättas</a> och tas bort utan att det behöver diskuteras på <a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Kurdistan" title="Diskussion:Kurdistan">diskussionssidan</a>.</small></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r53696904">.mw-parser-output .infobox{border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black;margin:.5em 0 .5em 1em;padding:.2em;float:right;clear:right;width:22em;text-align:left;font-size:88%;line-height:1.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox td,.mw-parser-output .infobox th{vertical-align:top;padding:0 .2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered th{border:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless th{border:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton button,.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton .mw-collapsible-text{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow th{border:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow th{border:0;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography{border:1px solid #ccd2d9;text-align:left;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow th{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow th{border-top:0;border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}</style><div></div> <table class="infobox geography" style="width: 256px; padding: 0; font-size: 89%;"> <tbody><tr class="mergedtoprow" title="Objektets namn (lokalt namn)"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.25em; background-color: #ffdead;">Kurdistan </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" title="Alternativa namn"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background-color: #ffdead;"><span style="white-space: nowrap">Oklart avgränsat område i staterna Turkiet, Iran, Irak och Syrien</span> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedbottomrow" title="Kategori"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #ffdead;">Ej officiellt erkänt med undantag för den del som är en autonom<br /> <a href="/wiki/Republik" title="Republik">republik</a> i norra Irak </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table style="width: 100%; background: none; align=center; border: none; padding: 0; margin: 0"> <tbody><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:100%; text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom;"><div style="padding-top: 0.4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/120px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/180px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/240px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div><div style="padding-top: 0.4em"><span title="">Flagga</span></div></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow" title="Total folkmängd (inom ortens gränser)"> <th style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Folkm%C3%A4ngd" title="Folkmängd">Folkmängd</a> </th> <td>35 000 000 <small>(2016)</small>(upp till 35 miljoner kurder)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" style="height: 0.2em;"> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow" title="Grundläggningsdatum"> <th style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: left;">Grundad </th> <td>Det har funnits två kurdiska stater under 1900-talet, <a href="/wiki/Araratrepubliken" title="Araratrepubliken">Araratrepubliken</a> 1927 - 1930 och <a href="/wiki/Mahabadrepubliken" title="Mahabadrepubliken">Mahabadrepubliken</a> som bestod under några månader 1946 med sovjetiskt stöd. </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" style="height: 0.2em;"> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow" title="Enkel tidszon"> <th style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Tidszon" title="Tidszon">Tidszon</a> </th> <td>Varierar beroende på land (<a href="/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a> +2/+3:30) </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" title="Geonames"> <th style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: left;">Geonames </th> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sws.geonames.org/126585">126585</a> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" style="height: 0.2em;"> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> <div style="width: 256px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> <div style="position: relative;"> <div style="position: relative;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Umgriffe_Kurdistans.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Området med kurdisk befolkning."><img alt="Området med kurdisk befolkning." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Umgriffe_Kurdistans.png/256px-Umgriffe_Kurdistans.png" decoding="async" width="256" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Umgriffe_Kurdistans.png/384px-Umgriffe_Kurdistans.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Umgriffe_Kurdistans.png/512px-Umgriffe_Kurdistans.png 2x" data-file-width="1349" data-file-height="1135" /></a><figcaption> Området med kurdisk befolkning. </figcaption></figure></div> </div> </div><div style="padding-top: 0.4em; text-align: center;"> Området med kurdisk befolkning. </div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Kurdistan</b> ("kurdernas land", ändelsen -<i>istan</i> härstammar från <a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_(spr%C3%A5k)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pahlavi (språk)">medelpersiskans</a> platssuffix -<i>stān</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> är ett statsövergripande område i sydvästra <a href="/wiki/Asien" title="Asien">Asien</a>. Hela området (med omstridd utbredning) består av områden i norra <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a> (som har ett långtgående självbestämmande), sydöstra <a href="/wiki/Turkiet" title="Turkiet">Turkiet</a>, nordvästra <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, nordöstra <a href="/wiki/Syrien" title="Syrien">Syrien</a> och sydvästra <a href="/wiki/Armenien" title="Armenien">Armenien</a>. Området bebos till överväldigande del av en <a href="/wiki/Kurder" title="Kurder">kurdisk</a> befolkning<sup id="cite_ref-NE_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NE-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> som talar kurdiska. </p><p>Kurdistans fyra delar kallas på kurdiska för Bakur (norr, Turkiet), Bashur (söder, Irak), Rojhalat (öster, Iran) och Rojava (väster, Syrien). Trots kurdernas mångåriga kamp för en egen nation har Kurdistan aldrig erkänts som en <a href="/wiki/Suver%C3%A4n" class="mw-redirect" title="Suverän">suverän</a> stat.<sup id="cite_ref-NE_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NE-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vissa kurdiska organisationer, som <a href="/wiki/Etnicitet" class="mw-redirect" title="Etnicitet">etniskt</a> företräder den största folkgruppen i respektive område, har under många år fört en kamp med politiska och/eller <a href="/wiki/Milit%C3%A4r" title="Militär">militära</a> medel för att få utökade rättigheter inom respektive stat, vinna kurdisk <a href="/wiki/Autonomi" title="Autonomi">autonomi</a> eller för att skapa en kurdisk <a href="/wiki/Stat" title="Stat">stat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kurdistan är ingen nationalstat, är inte erkänt och har inga landgränser, förutom i den södra delen. Kurderna kan däremot i viss mån kallas en <a href="/wiki/Nation" title="Nation">nation</a>, eftersom de har ett språk samt en gemensam <a href="/wiki/Historia" title="Historia">historia</a> och <a href="/wiki/Kultur" title="Kultur">kultur</a>. </p><p>Bland andra etniska grupper i området, med vissa anspråk på autonomi eller självständighet, finns <a href="/wiki/Assyrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrier">assyrier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerer" title="Azerer">azerer</a>, och <a href="/wiki/Turkmener" title="Turkmener">turkmener</a>. Dessa gruppers intressen befinner sig i många fall i territoriell konflikt. Turkiet har ofta med hårda metoder bekämpat alla försök till kurdisk självständighet också genom ett konstitutionellt förbud mot att använda det kurdiska språket. Det finns ett starkt motstånd inom Iran, Irak, Turkiet och Syrien mot att tillerkänna kurderna de fri- och rättigheter som de kräver. Flera kurdiska <a href="/wiki/Journalist" title="Journalist">journalister</a>, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6rfattare" title="Författare">författare</a> och verksamma <a href="/wiki/Politiker" title="Politiker">politiker</a> har gripits av bland andra irakisk, iransk, <a href="/wiki/Syrien" title="Syrien">syrisk</a> och <a href="/wiki/Turkiet" title="Turkiet">turkisk</a> <a href="/wiki/Polis" title="Polis">polis</a> och därefter fängslats, torterats och avrättats. </p><p>I vissa kurdiska städer kan urbana bosättningar dateras tillbaka till förhistorisk tid, särskilt <a href="/wiki/Piranshahr" title="Piranshahr">Piranshahr</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> med 8000 års urban bosättning och <a href="/wiki/Erbil" title="Erbil">Erbil</a> med 6000 års bosättning.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografi">Geografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Geografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Geografi"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Norra_Kurdistan_i_Turkiet">Norra Kurdistan i Turkiet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Norra Kurdistan i Turkiet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Norra Kurdistan i Turkiet"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint hatnote"><i>Fördjupning: <a href="/wiki/Turkiska_Kurdistan" title="Turkiska Kurdistan">Turkiska Kurdistan</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p>Det bor 22 miljoner kurder i Turkiet, vilket utgör 25-30 procent av Turkiets befolkning. De bor främst i de sydöstra delarna av Turkiet som utgör norra Kurdistan. Men de har även flyttat till exempelvis <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alanya" title="Alanya">Alanya</a> och <a href="/wiki/Antalya" title="Antalya">Antalya</a> där turismen ger arbetstillfällen. Också i <a href="/wiki/Konya" title="Konya">Konya</a>-området finns en betydande kurdisk befolkning, dit de tvingades för omkring 200 år i ett statligt försök att turkifiera dem. Emellertid har de lyckats bevara sitt språk och många turkar har anammat kurdernas kultur och språk.<sup><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Introduktion_till_k%C3%A4llh%C3%A4nvisningar" title="Wikipedia:Introduktion till källhänvisningar">[<span title="Denna uppgift behöver källa (2014-11)"><i>källa behövs</i></span>]</a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nordöstra_Kurdistan_i_Armenien"><span id="Nord.C3.B6stra_Kurdistan_i_Armenien"></span>Nordöstra Kurdistan i Armenien</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Nordöstra Kurdistan i Armenien" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Nordöstra Kurdistan i Armenien"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En mycket liten del av Kurdistan finns väster om <a href="/wiki/Jerevan" title="Jerevan">Jerevan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Södra_Kurdistan_i_Irak"><span id="S.C3.B6dra_Kurdistan_i_Irak"></span>Södra Kurdistan i Irak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Södra Kurdistan i Irak" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Södra Kurdistan i Irak"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint hatnote"><i>Fördjupning: <a href="/wiki/Irakiska_Kurdistan" title="Irakiska Kurdistan">Irakiska Kurdistan</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p>Kurderna i Irak bor främst i norra Irak, vilket utgör södra Kurdistan. De är en femtedel av befolkningen, omkring sju miljoner. Efter <a href="/wiki/Gulfkriget" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulfkriget">Gulfkrigets</a> slut 1991, fick den irakiska regionen Kurdistan beskydd av <a href="/wiki/FN" class="mw-redirect" title="FN">FN</a> samt av <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a> och dess allierade. I skydd av flygförbudszonen över norra Irak fann kurder det utrymme som krävdes för att skapa en viss autonomi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Östra_Kurdistan_i_Iran"><span id=".C3.96stra_Kurdistan_i_Iran"></span>Östra Kurdistan i Iran</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Östra Kurdistan i Iran" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Östra Kurdistan i Iran"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Newen_village_in_Hawraman_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Newen_village_in_Hawraman_2015.jpg/250px-Newen_village_in_Hawraman_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Newen_village_in_Hawraman_2015.jpg/375px-Newen_village_in_Hawraman_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Newen_village_in_Hawraman_2015.jpg/500px-Newen_village_in_Hawraman_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="531" data-file-height="708" /></a><figcaption>En typisk bergsby i <a href="/wiki/Hawraman" title="Hawraman">Hawraman</a> i <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_(Iran)" title="Kurdistan (Iran)">Kurdistan</a></figcaption></figure> <p>De etniska kurderna utgör i Iran omkring 6-8 procent (ca 8 miljoner) av befolkningen och är koncentrerade främst till provinserna <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_(Iran)" title="Kurdistan (Iran)">Kurdistan</a> och <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4stazarbaijan" title="Västazarbaijan">Västazarbaijan</a> och huvudstaden <a href="/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran">Teheran</a>. Kurderna är språkligt och etniskt sett besläktade med andra <a href="/wiki/Iranska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Iranska språk">iranska folk</a>, såsom <a href="/wiki/Perser" title="Perser">perser</a> och <a href="/wiki/Lurer" title="Lurer">lurer</a>. Kurdiska invånarna i <a href="/wiki/Kermanshah" title="Kermanshah">Kermanshah</a> är shiamuslimer. </p><p>I Iran är kurdiska ett tillåtet kulturspråk och musik på kurdiska sänds i Irans statliga tv- och radiokanaler. Kurdiska barn har rätt till kurdiska som hemspråk i grundskolan i områden där språket är majoritetsspråk.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kurdiska språket och kurdisk <a href="/wiki/Realia" title="Realia">realia</a> sedan 2015 kunnat undervisas även på iranska universitet, inklusive Kordestan-universitetet i <a href="/wiki/Sanandaj" title="Sanandaj">Sanandaj</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kurderna i Iran har fulla friheter att klä sig i sin traditionella klädedräkt. Det finns ett rikt kurdiskt kulturliv i iranska städer som Sanandaj. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Västra_Kurdistan_i_Syrien"><span id="V.C3.A4stra_Kurdistan_i_Syrien"></span>Västra Kurdistan i Syrien</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Västra Kurdistan i Syrien" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Västra Kurdistan i Syrien"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint hatnote"><i>Fördjupning: <a href="/wiki/Rojava" title="Rojava">Rojava</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p>De etniska kurderna i Syrien är främst bosatta i <a href="/wiki/Al-Hasaka" title="Al-Hasaka">al-Hasaka</a>-provinsen, vilket utgör västra Kurdistan. De viktigaste städerna i regionen är <a href="/wiki/Al-Qamishli" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Qamishli">Qamişlo</a> och <a href="/wiki/Al-Hasaka" title="Al-Hasaka">Hesîçe</a>. Man uppskattar att cirka 10-12 procent (2,5-3 miljoner) av Syriens befolkning är etniska kurder. I mars 2004 uppstod blodiga sammandrabbningar vid en fotbollsmatch mellan det kurdiska hemmalaget och det arabnationalistiska laget Dayr al-Zur i Qamişlo.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Efter denna händelse uppstod flera upplopp där ytterligare minst 30 personer dödades och många fängslades.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Städer"><span id="St.C3.A4der"></span>Städer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitt: Städer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan&action=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Städer"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nedan listas några av de största städerna i Kurdistan. </p> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Turkiska_Kurdistan" title="Turkiska Kurdistan">Turkiska Kurdistan</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diyarbak%C4%B1r" title="Diyarbakır">Amed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ad%C4%B1yaman" title="Adıyaman">Semsûr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antep" class="mw-redirect" title="Antep">Dîlok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Batman_(stad)" title="Batman (stad)">Êlih</a>, <a href="/wiki/Van,_Turkiet" title="Van, Turkiet">Wan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nusaybin" title="Nusaybin">Nusaybîn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mardin" title="Mardin">Mêrdîn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hakkari" title="Hakkari">Colemerg</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tunceli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tunceli [inte skriven än]">Dersim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sivas" title="Sivas">Sivas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Batman_(provins)" title="Batman (provins)">Batman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bitlis" title="Bitlis">Bitlis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mu%C5%9F" title="Muş">Muş</a>, <a href="/wiki/A%C4%9Fr%C4%B1" title="Ağrı">Ağrı</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eanl%C4%B1urfa" title="Şanlıurfa">Riha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silvan" title="Silvan">Faqirîn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bismil" title="Bismil">Bismil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Midyat" title="Midyat">Midyat</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dogubayazit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dogubayazit [inte skriven än]">Bayezîd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kars" title="Kars">Kars</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Er%C3%A7is&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erçis [inte skriven än]">Erçis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Derik" title="Derik">Derik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siverek" title="Siverek">Siverek</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nizip&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nizip [inte skriven än]">Belqîs</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Viran%C5%9Fehir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viranşehir [inte skriven än]">Weranşar</a>, <a href="/wiki/El%C3%A2z%C4%B1%C4%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="Elâzığ">Xarpêt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malatya" title="Malatya">Meletî</a>.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Iranska Kurdistan</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piranshahr" title="Piranshahr">Piranshahr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahabad" title="Mahabad">Mehabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanandaj" title="Sanandaj">Sine</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1rd%C3%A1sht" class="mw-redirect" title="Sárdásht">Serdeşt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saqqez" title="Saqqez">Seqiz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bukan" title="Bukan">Bokan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kermanshah" title="Kermanshah">Kirmaşan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urmia" title="Urmia">Wirmê</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naghadeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Naghadeh">Nexede</a> och <a href="/wiki/Ilam_(stad)" title="Ilam (stad)">Ilam</a>.</li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Irakiska_Kurdistan" title="Irakiska Kurdistan">Irakiska Kurdistan</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arbil" class="mw-redirect" title="Arbil">Arbil</a> (<i>Hewlêr</i>), <a href="/wiki/As-Sulaymaniyah" class="mw-redirect" title="As-Sulaymaniyah">Silêmanî</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kirkuk_(provins)" title="Kirkuk (provins)">Kirkuk</a><a href="/wiki/Halabja" title="Halabja">, Halabja</a> (<i>Helebce</i>), Sharezûr, <a href="/wiki/Amediye" title="Amediye">Amêdî</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zakho" title="Zakho">Zaxo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duhok" class="mw-redirect" title="Duhok">Duhok</a>, Koya, Kelar och Ranya.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Syriska Kurdistan (<i>Rojava</i>)</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qamishli" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Qamishli">Qamişlo</a>, Sere Kanîye, <a href="/wiki/Kobane" title="Kobane">Kobanî</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Hasaka" title="Al-Hasaka">Hesîçe</a>, Amuda och <a href="/wiki/Afrin" title="Afrin">Efrîn</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Klimat">Klimat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitt: Klimat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan&action=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Klimat"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det kurdiska året delas enligt traditionen in efter väl definierade årstider. </p><p>Våren börjar 21 mars (i samband med <a href="/wiki/Newroz" title="Newroz">newroz</a>) och varar ända fram till 21 juni. Under våren är det fin natur med mycket grönska </p><p>Sommaren börjar 21 juni och varar fram till 21 september. Kurdistan har mycket varma somrar med torr natur som följd. </p><p>Hösten varar mellan 21 september och 21 december. De första sex veckorna av hösten är väldigt svala, och det är i de sista sex veckorna som det börjar bli fuktigt och kallt. </p><p>21 december till 21 mars är det vinter, och bland invånarna i Kurdistan är vintern känd för sin kyla. Regn och snöfall varar i mer än sex månader i de flesta nordliga områdena i Kurdistan, med stora variationer mellan höglandet och slätten. </p><p>Temperaturerna kan under årets lopp variera mellan –35 grader och +55 grader i de olika områdena.<sup><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Introduktion_till_k%C3%A4llh%C3%A4nvisningar" title="Wikipedia:Introduktion till källhänvisningar">[<span title="Denna uppgift behöver källa (2021-09)"><i>källa behövs</i></span>]</a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitt: Historia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan&action=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Historia"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Se <a href="/wiki/Kurdernas_historia" title="Kurdernas historia">Kurdernas historia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomi">Ekonomi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Redigera avsnitt: Ekonomi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan&action=edit&section=10" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Ekonomi"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Mountains_around_the_kurdish_city_Sanandaj.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Mountains_around_the_kurdish_city_Sanandaj.JPG/250px-Mountains_around_the_kurdish_city_Sanandaj.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Mountains_around_the_kurdish_city_Sanandaj.JPG/375px-Mountains_around_the_kurdish_city_Sanandaj.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Mountains_around_the_kurdish_city_Sanandaj.JPG/500px-Mountains_around_the_kurdish_city_Sanandaj.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Berg runt staden <a href="/wiki/Sanandaj" title="Sanandaj">Sanandaj</a> i iranska Kurdiskan.</figcaption></figure> <p>I omkring 14 procent av regionerna östra Turkiet, norra Irak och norra Iran växer det i dag skog, men andelen skog har under årens lopp minskat på grund av misskötsel och krig. I krigen har turkiska soldater bland annat bränt ner de skogar som är gömställen för många kurdiska gerillamedlemmar. Men även under folkmordet i Dersîm (officiellt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tunceli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tunceli [inte skriven än]">Tunceli</a>) brändes flyende människor ihjäl i skogar som satts i brand. Detsamma gäller soldater och material av resterande ockupationsmakter. </p><p>Den gränsöverstigande regionen Kurdistan har bland annat naturtillgångar i form av olja, järnmalm, kol, uran, krom och koppar. Olja finns främst i Irakiska Kurdistan, då intresset för investering och handel har ökat sedan senaste Irak-kriget. Dock är även Iranska Kurdistan rikt på olja, men inget utvinns då regimen vill fortsätta strypa den kurdiska regionen och behålla det extremt fattigt. </p><p>Trots det nu karga landskapet är Kurdistan fortfarande rikt på frukt, inklusive <a href="/wiki/Granat%C3%A4pple" title="Granatäpple">granatäpplen</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%84pple" title="Äpple">äpplen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fikon" title="Fikon">fikon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Druva" title="Druva">vindruvor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vattenmelon" title="Vattenmelon">vattenmelon</a>. I vissa delar av Kurdistan odlas även <a href="/wiki/Oliv" title="Oliv">oliver</a> och <a href="/wiki/Dadelpalm" title="Dadelpalm">dadelpalm</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vatten">Vatten</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Redigera avsnitt: Vatten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan&action=edit&section=11" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Vatten"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Från bergen rinner många floder. Dessa har namn som <a href="/wiki/Tigris" title="Tigris">Tigris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eufrat" title="Eufrat">Eufrat</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Murad_Su&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Murad Su [inte skriven än]">Murad Su</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khabour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khabour [inte skriven än]">Khabour</a>, Stora och Lilla <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zab [inte skriven än]">Zab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diyala_(flod)" title="Diyala (flod)">Sirwan</a> och <a href="/wiki/Aras" title="Aras">Aras</a>. Området inom regionen Kurdistan är ett av världens mest bergrika områden, <a href="/wiki/Taurusbergen" title="Taurusbergen">Taurus</a> i nordväst och <a href="/wiki/Zagros" title="Zagros">Zagros</a> i sydöst). </p><p>Floderna har skapat goda möjligheter för jordbruk och <a href="/wiki/Boskapssk%C3%B6tsel" class="mw-redirect" title="Boskapsskötsel">boskapsskötsel</a>, vilket förser delar av Mellanöstern med kött, ull, vete, ris, bomull och tobak. Vattnet som bildas då snön smälter i bergen rinner ner i floder eller bildar stillastående vattensamlingar. De största sjöarna är <a href="/wiki/Vansj%C3%B6n" title="Vansjön">Vansjön</a> (<i>Wan</i>) och <a href="/wiki/Urmiasj%C3%B6n" title="Urmiasjön">Urmia</a> (<i>Wirmê</i>). Buteljerat vatten som säljs i de större iranska städerna kommer ofta från iranska Kurdistans källor, vars vatten anses vara rikt på mineraler. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demografi">Demografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Redigera avsnitt: Demografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan&action=edit&section=12" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Demografi"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Antalet etniska kurder boende i den nationsövergränsande regionen uppskattas till cirka 37 240 000, med följande fördelning:<sup><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Introduktion_till_k%C3%A4llh%C3%A4nvisningar" title="Wikipedia:Introduktion till källhänvisningar">[<span title="Dessa siffror behöver källa och årtalsangivelse (2024-08)"><i>källa behövs</i></span>]</a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkiet" title="Turkiet">Turkiet</a>: ca 19-25 miljoner (25 %)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>:ca 7-14 miljoner (10 %)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a>: ca 6-8 miljoner (20 %)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrien" title="Syrien">Syrien</a>: ca 2-4 miljoner (9 %)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbajdzjan" title="Azerbajdzjan">Azerbajdzjan</a>: ca 180 000 (2 %)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenien" title="Armenien">Armenien</a>: ca 60 000 (2 %)</li> <li>I <a href="/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora">diaspora</a>: ca 3 miljoner (8 %)</li></ul> <p>Även om etniska kurder är majoritetsbefolkning i denna nationsövergränsande region bebos området även av <a href="/wiki/Perser" title="Perser">perser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Araber" title="Araber">araber</a> och <a href="/wiki/Turkar" title="Turkar">turkar</a> med flera. Utöver dessa folk lever kurder även tillsammans med assyrier, kaldéer och armenier. Kurder har utvandrat till andra länder på grund av fattigdom, krig och arbetslöshet (se diaspora ovan). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Språk"><span id="Spr.C3.A5k"></span>Språk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Redigera avsnitt: Språk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan&action=edit&section=13" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Språk"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det finns två kurdiska huvuddialekter eller språk. Nationalstaterna, främst Turkiet och Syrien, har förbjudit kurdernas språk inom undervisning. I Iran är kurdiska ett tillåtet kulturspråk och musik på kurdiska sänds i iransk statlig tv och radio. Kurdiska barn har kurdiska som hemspråk i grundskolan. Kurdiska och kurdisk <a href="/wiki/Realia" title="Realia">realia</a> undervisas även på iranska universitet, däribland Kordestan University i <a href="/wiki/Sanandaj" title="Sanandaj">Sanandaj</a>, sedan 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I Turkiet har man underminerat folkgruppen genom att dela upp och påstå att de inte en folkgrupp. Bland annat låter de tro att <a href="/wiki/Zazaiska" title="Zazaiska">zazaiskatalande</a> (kurdiska: <i>dimili</i>) inte är kurder. Kulturellt och genetiskt är det dock styrkt att de tillhör den kurdiska folkgruppen och att språket grammatiskt besläktad med det sydöstliga <a href="/wiki/Gorani" title="Gorani">gorani</a> (regionen Hewraman/Oraman/Owraman). Hewramî/Gorani tros vara den äldsta varianten av kurdiska och en modern version av språket i <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrismen" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrismen">zoroastrismens</a> heliga bok <a href="/wiki/Avesta_(religi%C3%B6s_skrift)" title="Avesta (religiös skrift)">Avesta</a>. Man har funnit texter och lyrik på gorani som är över 3 000 år gamla som studeras och är bevarade på <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a> i USA.<sup><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Introduktion_till_k%C3%A4llh%C3%A4nvisningar" title="Wikipedia:Introduktion till källhänvisningar">[<span title="Denna uppgift behöver källa (2017-01)"><i>källa behövs</i></span>]</a></sup> </p><p>De två huvuddialekterna är <a href="/wiki/Sorani" title="Sorani">sorani</a> (ett samlingsnamn för centralkurdiska dialekter, trots att området <i>Soran</i> främst motsvarar regionen runt Erbil) och <a href="/wiki/Kurmanji" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurmanji">kurmanji</a> (<i>kurmancî</i>). I hela södra och centrala Kurdistan talas sorani. Kurmanji talas i de norra och västra delarna av Kurdistan. Den tredje dialekten kallas för Feyli eller Pahlavi (sydkuridiska) som talas i Iran framförallt av <a href="/wiki/Feyli-kurder" title="Feyli-kurder">Feyli-kurder</a> i de sydvästligaste delarna av <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_(Iran)" title="Kurdistan (Iran)">Kurdistanprovinsen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilam_(provins)" title="Ilam (provins)">Ilam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kermanshah" title="Kermanshah">Kermanshah</a> och <a href="/wiki/Lorestan" title="Lorestan">Lorestan</a>. I <a href="/wiki/Irakiska_Kurdistan" title="Irakiska Kurdistan">Irakiska Kurdistan</a> är de flesta bosatta i regionen kring <a href="/wiki/Khanaqin" title="Khanaqin">Khanaqin</a> och <a href="/wiki/Mandali,_Irak" title="Mandali, Irak">Mandali</a>. Denna region kallas ofta för Feyliregionen (Feylia) och talas av ca 4,5 miljoner kurder.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sorani skrivs främst med ett modifierat arabiskt alfabet och nuförtiden också med latinska bokstäver. Kurmanji skrivs med latinska bokstäver. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Redigera avsnitt: Religion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan&action=edit&section=14" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Religion"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Den stora majoriteten av människorna i området bekänner sig till <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islam</a>. Även <a href="/wiki/Jezidism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jezidism">jezidism</a> är vanligt förekommande. Ett betydande antal <a href="/wiki/Kristna" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristna">kristna</a> bor i området, främst <a href="/wiki/Assyrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrier">assyrier</a> och <a href="/wiki/Armenier" title="Armenier">armenier</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kultur">Kultur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Redigera avsnitt: Kultur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan&action=edit&section=15" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Kultur"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="font-style:italic; ;"> <dl><dd>Se även: <a href="/wiki/Kurdisk_litteratur" title="Kurdisk litteratur">Kurdisk litteratur</a></dd></dl></div> <p>Det finns en rik muntlig berättartradition på kurdiska, en som delvis skrevs ner från 1400- och 1500-talet. Först under 1900-talet utvecklades dock kurdiska, i olika varianter, till ett språk för prosa, tidningstexter och liknande. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_även"><span id="Se_.C3.A4ven"></span>Se även</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Redigera avsnitt: Se även" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan&action=edit&section=16" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Se även"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irakiska_Kurdistan" title="Irakiska Kurdistan">Irakiska Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kordestan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kordestan">Kordestan</a> (provins i <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdiska_konflikten" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdiska konflikten">Kurdiska konflikten</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan&action=edit&section=17" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sakerhetspolitik.se/Konflikter/Kurderna/">”Konflikter i kurdistan”</a>. Utrikespolitiska Insituitet<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.sakerhetspolitik.se/Konflikter/Kurderna/">http://www.sakerhetspolitik.se/Konflikter/Kurderna/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 29 Maj 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Konflikter+i+kurdistan&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Utrikespolitiska+Insituitet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sakerhetspolitik.se%2FKonflikter%2FKurderna%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kurdistan"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Paraskiewicz, K. (2008). 'The Persian Suffix (e)stān 'the Land of<i>, </i>Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia<i> 13, 119–40,</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NE-3">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-NE_3-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NE_3-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/kurdistan">”Kurdistan”</a>. <i><span>ne.se</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/kurdistan">https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/kurdistan</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 4 augusti 2011</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Kurdistan&rft.atitle=ne.se&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ne.se%2Fuppslagsverk%2Fencyklopedi%2Fl%25C3%25A5ng%2Fkurdistan&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kurdistan"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/51/154.html">”The Kurdish Struggle For National Self-Determination”</a> (på engelska). Hartford Web Publishing<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/51/154.html">http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/51/154.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 6 februari 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Kurdish+Struggle+For+National+Self-Determination&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Hartford+Web+Publishing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hartford-hwp.com%2Farchives%2F51%2F154.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kurdistan"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.socialismtoday.org/35/kurdish35.html">”Kurdish struggle at crossroads”</a> (på engelska). Socialism Today<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.socialismtoday.org/35/kurdish35.html">http://www.socialismtoday.org/35/kurdish35.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 6 februari 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Kurdish+struggle+at+crossroads&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Socialism+Today&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.socialismtoday.org%2F35%2Fkurdish35.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kurdistan"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190901085129/https://persiadigest.com/en/news/3850/piranshahrs-8000-year-old-artifacts-unearthed">”Arkiverade kopian”</a>. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://persiadigest.com/en/news/3850/piranshahrs-8000-year-old-artifacts-unearthed">originalet</a> den 1 september 2019<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190901085129/https://persiadigest.com/en/news/3850/piranshahrs-8000-year-old-artifacts-unearthed">https://web.archive.org/web/20190901085129/https://persiadigest.com/en/news/3850/piranshahrs-8000-year-old-artifacts-unearthed</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 11 april 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Arkiverade+kopian&rft.atitle=&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20190901085129%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fpersiadigest.com%2Fen%2Fnews%2F3850%2Fpiranshahrs-8000-year-old-artifacts-unearthed&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kurdistan"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190222170355/https://newspakistan.tv/8000-years-old-artifacts-unearthed-in-iran/">”Arkiverade kopian”</a>. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newspakistan.tv/8000-years-old-artifacts-unearthed-in-iran/">originalet</a> den 22 februari 2019<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190222170355/https://newspakistan.tv/8000-years-old-artifacts-unearthed-in-iran/">https://web.archive.org/web/20190222170355/https://newspakistan.tv/8000-years-old-artifacts-unearthed-in-iran/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 1 september 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Arkiverade+kopian&rft.atitle=&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20190222170355%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fnewspakistan.tv%2F8000-years-old-artifacts-unearthed-in-iran%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kurdistan"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/10/world/middleeast/iraq-erbil-citadel.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/10/world/middleeast/iraq-erbil-citadel.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180323155901/http://www.fkks.se/details.aspx?an=32">”Arkiverade kopian”</a>. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fkks.se/details.aspx?an=32">originalet</a> den 23 mars 2018<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180323155901/http://www.fkks.se/details.aspx?an=32">https://web.archive.org/web/20180323155901/http://www.fkks.se/details.aspx?an=32</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 25 juni 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Arkiverade+kopian&rft.atitle=&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20180323155901%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.fkks.se%2Fdetails.aspx%3Fan%3D32&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kurdistan"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="" id="CITEREFMigrationsverket2013">Migrationsverket (2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190608135411/https://lifos.migrationsverket.se/dokument%3FdocumentSummaryId%3D31752">”Situationen för jezidier i Armenien”</a>, <i>Lifos, databas för landinformation och landanalys</i>: s. 6, arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lifos.migrationsverket.se/dokument?documentSummaryId=31752">ursprungsadressen</a>  den 2019-06-08<span class="printonly">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190608135411/https://lifos.migrationsverket.se/dokument%3FdocumentSummaryId%3D31752">https://web.archive.org/web/20190608135411/https://lifos.migrationsverket.se/dokument%3FdocumentSummaryId%3D31752</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">, läst 8 juni 2019</span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Situationen+f%C3%B6r+jezidier+i+Armenien&rft.jtitle=Lifos%2C+databas+f%C3%B6r+landinformation+och+landanalys&rft.aulast=Migrationsverket&rft.au=Migrationsverket&rft.date=2013&rft.pages=s.%26nbsp%3B6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20190608135411%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Flifos.migrationsverket.se%2Fdokument%253FdocumentSummaryId%253D31752&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kurdistan"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190608135411/https://lifos.migrationsverket.se/dokument?documentSummaryId=31752">Arkiverad</a> 8 juni 2019 hämtat från the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Wayback_Machine" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>. <cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190608135411/https://lifos.migrationsverket.se/dokument?documentSummaryId=31752">”Arkiverade kopian”</a>. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lifos.migrationsverket.se/dokument?documentSummaryId=31752">originalet</a> den 8 juni 2019<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190608135411/https://lifos.migrationsverket.se/dokument?documentSummaryId=31752">https://web.archive.org/web/20190608135411/https://lifos.migrationsverket.se/dokument?documentSummaryId=31752</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 8 juni 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Arkiverade+kopian&rft.atitle=&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20190608135411%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Flifos.migrationsverket.se%2Fdokument%3FdocumentSummaryId%3D31752&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kurdistan"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rudaw.net/english/kurdistan/250420154">”In Iran, Kurdish language now offered in schools”</a> (på engelska)<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://rudaw.net/english/kurdistan/250420154">http://rudaw.net/english/kurdistan/250420154</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 2 april 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=In+Iran%2C+Kurdish+language+now+offered+in+schools&rft.atitle=&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frudaw.net%2Fenglish%2Fkurdistan%2F250420154&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kurdistan"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160414114930/http://217.218.67.231/Detail/2015/07/27/422104/Iran-Kurdish-Rouhani-Fardin-Akhlaqian-Sanandaj">”Iran includes Kurkish in college curriculum”</a> (på engelska). Press TV. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://217.218.67.231/Detail/2015/07/27/422104/Iran-Kurdish-Rouhani-Fardin-Akhlaqian-Sanandaj">originalet</a> den 14 april 2016<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160414114930/http://217.218.67.231/Detail/2015/07/27/422104/Iran-Kurdish-Rouhani-Fardin-Akhlaqian-Sanandaj">https://web.archive.org/web/20160414114930/http://217.218.67.231/Detail/2015/07/27/422104/Iran-Kurdish-Rouhani-Fardin-Akhlaqian-Sanandaj</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 2 april 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Iran+includes+Kurkish+in+college+curriculum&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Press+TV&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20160414114930%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2F217.218.67.231%2FDetail%2F2015%2F07%2F27%2F422104%2FIran-Kurdish-Rouhani-Fardin-Akhlaqian-Sanandaj&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kurdistan"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dn.se/arkiv/nyheter/blodiga-strider-i-syrien-sammandrabbningar-mellan-kurder-och-arabnationalister-uppges">Dagens Nyheter 17 mars 2004: <i>Blodiga strider i Syrien. Sammandrabbningar mellan kurder och arabnationalister uppges ha krävt närmare 100 dödsoffer.</i></a>, läst 8 februari 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.amnesty.se/hem.nsf/a59a4c8104f60e6ec12572030074b9c6/cc046a545d0592a8c1256fbf005cb7ac?OpenDocument">Amnesty</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090226003604/http://www2.amnesty.se/hem.nsf/a59a4c8104f60e6ec12572030074b9c6/cc046a545d0592a8c1256fbf005cb7ac?OpenDocument">Arkiverad</a> 26 februari 2009 hämtat från the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Wayback_Machine" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Se källor ovan under rubriken "Östra Kurdistan i Iran".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kurdishacademy.org/?page_id=151">”Pahli (Feylí)”</a> (på brittisk engelska). <i><span>Kurdish Academy of Language</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://kurdishacademy.org/?page_id=151">https://kurdishacademy.org/?page_id=151</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 15 juni 2024</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Pahli+%28Feyl%C3%AD%29&rft.atitle=Kurdish+Academy+of+Language&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkurdishacademy.org%2F%3Fpage_id%3D151&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kurdistan"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vidare_läsning"><span id="Vidare_l.C3.A4sning"></span>Vidare läsning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Redigera avsnitt: Vidare läsning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan&action=edit&section=18" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Vidare läsning"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFKarlsson2008">Karlsson, Ingmar (2008). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adlibris.com/se/e-bok/kurdistan-9789143502268?gclid=CLuUt9TL4soCFZKZGwodLkcGtw">Kurdistan. Landet som icke är.</a></i>. Stockholm: Wahlström & Widstrand. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-91-46-21909-5" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-91-46-21909-5">ISBN 978-91-46-21909-5</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.adlibris.com/se/e-bok/kurdistan-9789143502268?gclid=CLuUt9TL4soCFZKZGwodLkcGtw">http://www.adlibris.com/se/e-bok/kurdistan-9789143502268?gclid=CLuUt9TL4soCFZKZGwodLkcGtw</a></span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kurdistan.+Landet+som+icke+%C3%A4r.&rft.aulast=Karlsson&rft.aufirst=Ingmar&rft.au=Karlsson%2C+Ingmar&rft.date=2008&rft.place=Stockholm&rft.pub=Wahlstr%C3%B6m+%26+Widstrand&rft.isbn=978-91-46-21909-5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adlibris.com%2Fse%2Fe-bok%2Fkurdistan-9789143502268%3Fgclid%3DCLuUt9TL4soCFZKZGwodLkcGtw&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kurdistan"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Alakom, Rohat (2000), Svensk-kurdiska kontakter under tusen år, Stockholm. Förlaget APEC.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan&action=edit&section=19" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r48798946">.mw-parser-output .ccbox{clear:right;float:right;margin:.5em 0 .5em 1em;width:21.5em;border-spacing:0;border:1px solid #aaa;border-radius:3px;background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 .5em 0 0;font-size:90%;color:black;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .clogo{float:left;margin:.4em .7em .5em .6em}</style><div class="metadata ccbox"><span class="clogo"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/22px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/33px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></span>Wikimedia Commons har media som rör <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kurdistan" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a>.</div><div class="interProject commons" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kurdistan" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Kurdistan">Bilder & media</a></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saradistribution.com/harkomst.htm">Sara distribution</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.krg.org/">Kurdistan Regional Government</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dn.se/DNet/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=2016&a=377614&viewAll=true">Kommer Turkiet att invadera irakiska Kurdistan? (2005-02-11)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.svd.se/kulturnoje/litteratur/artikel_1560051.svd">Kurdistan: landet som icke är, 2008, Wahlström & Widstrand</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks .selflink{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{background:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background:#d0e0f5}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background:#deeafa}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background:transparent}</style><table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks hlist auktoritetsdata navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Auktoritetsdata" title="Auktoritetsdata">Auktoritetsdata</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> • <a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/242075403">242075403</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85073466">sh85073466</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4033793-5">4033793-5</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/027367533">027367533</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119424577">cb119424577</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119424577">(data)</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Schweiz_historielexikon" title="Schweiz historielexikon">HDS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F041672.php">041672</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Nationella_parlamentsbiblioteket" title="Nationella parlamentsbiblioteket">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00567054">00567054</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Tjeckiska_nationalbiblioteket" title="Tjeckiska nationalbiblioteket">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge134299&CON_LNG=ENG">ge134299</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Spaniens_nationalbibliotek" title="Spaniens nationalbibliotek">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX458651">XX458651</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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