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Coffee production in Hawaii - Wikipedia

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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p> Hawaii is one of the few U.S. states where coffee production is a significant economic industry – coffee is the second largest crop produced there. The 2019–2020 coffee harvest in Hawaii was valued at $102.9 million.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> As of the 2019-2020 harvest, <b>coffee production in Hawaii</b> accounted for 6,900 acres of land.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The coffee industry in Hawaii is well supported by organizations such as the Hawaii Coffee Association, the Hawaii Agriculture Resource Center and the <a href="/wiki/College_of_Tropical_Agriculture_and_Human_Resources" title="College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources">College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hawai%CA%BBi_at_M%C4%81noa" title="University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa">University of Hawaii at Manoa</a> and the state's Department of Agriculture. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coffee_production_in_Hawaii&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Samuel_Ruggles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Samuel_Ruggles.jpg/170px-Samuel_Ruggles.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Samuel_Ruggles.jpg/255px-Samuel_Ruggles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Samuel_Ruggles.jpg/340px-Samuel_Ruggles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="894" data-file-height="1210" /></a><figcaption>Samuel Ruggles brought coffee to the Kona District in 1828</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Don_Francisco_de_Paula_Marin" class="mw-redirect" title="Don Francisco de Paula Marin">Don Francisco de Paula y Marin</a> recorded in his journal dated January 21, 1813, that he had planted coffee seedlings on the island of <a href="/wiki/Oahu" title="Oahu">Oʻahu</a>, but not much is known of the fate of that planting. John Wilkinson, a gardener who came on <a href="/wiki/HMS_Blonde_(1819)" title="HMS Blonde (1819)">HMS&#160;<i>Blonde</i></a> in 1825 under <a href="/wiki/George_Byron,_7th_Baron_Byron" title="George Byron, 7th Baron Byron">Captain Lord Byron</a>, brought coffee plants from Brazil. Governor <a href="/wiki/Boki_(Hawaiian_chief)" title="Boki (Hawaiian chief)">Boki</a> provided some land in the <a href="/wiki/Manoa" title="Manoa">Mānoa Valley</a> on Oʻahu. However, Wilkinson died in March 1827, and the trees did not thrive. Some cuttings were taken to other areas around <a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu</a>. Some plants from Manila were also grown by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Charlton_(Hawaii)" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Charlton (Hawaii)">Richard Charlton</a>, the British <a href="/wiki/Consul_(representative)" title="Consul (representative)">Consul</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-all_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-all-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>More trees were set out in the Kalihi and Niu valleys near Honolulu, in 1828 or 1829. On the island of Hawaii Rev. Joseph Goodrich tried planting some coffee to make the <a href="/wiki/Waiakea_Mission_Station-Hilo_Station" title="Waiakea Mission Station-Hilo Station">Hilo mission</a> self-sustaining. Goodrich planted gardens over his 12 years at Hilo, and taught classes for native Hawaiians on cultivation of both for cash to support the mission, as well as vegetables and tropical fruits for their own meals.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rev. Samuel Ruggles (1795–1871) carried some cuttings of coffee to the Kona District when he was transferred from Hilo on the eastern side of the island of Hawaii to the <a href="/wiki/Kealakekua_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Kealakekua Church">Kealakekua Church</a> on the western side in July 1828.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Although it would take time to get established, this area would be the most successful.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_Nicholas_Greenwell.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Henry_Nicholas_Greenwell.jpg/170px-Henry_Nicholas_Greenwell.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Henry_Nicholas_Greenwell.jpg/255px-Henry_Nicholas_Greenwell.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Henry_Nicholas_Greenwell.jpg/340px-Henry_Nicholas_Greenwell.jpg 2x" data-file-width="686" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Pioneer coffee merchant <a href="/wiki/Henry_Nicholas_Greenwell" title="Henry Nicholas Greenwell">Henry Nicholas Greenwell</a> (1826–1891)</figcaption></figure> <p>Early commercial ventures on the <a href="/wiki/Kauai" title="Kauai">island of Kauaʻi</a> in 1836 and 1845 ended in failure. The first records of production were made in 1845, of only 248 pounds, grown on Kauaʻi and Hawaii island. The <a href="/wiki/Great_Mahele" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Mahele">great Mahele</a> in 1848 allowed private ownership of land for the first time. Large areas were once grown on Maui, but were replaced by <a href="/wiki/Sugarcane" title="Sugarcane">sugarcane</a> and other crops.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In particular, <a href="/wiki/Scale_insect" title="Scale insect">Scale insects</a> infected many of the coffee trees on the other islands. The slopes in the Kona area were unsuitable for <a href="/wiki/Sugarcane" title="Sugarcane">sugarcane</a>, so the area became the center for the coffee industry in Hawaii. To be called <a href="/wiki/Kona_coffee" title="Kona coffee">Kona coffee</a>, it must be grown in this district only. </p><p>In 1873, the <a href="/wiki/Weltausstellung_1873_Wien" class="mw-redirect" title="Weltausstellung 1873 Wien">world's fair in Vienna</a> awarded Kona trader <a href="/wiki/Henry_Nicholas_Greenwell" title="Henry Nicholas Greenwell">Henry Nicholas Greenwell</a> an award for excellence, which gave some recognition to the "Kona" name. Around 1880 John Gaspar, Sr. (Married to Maria Rice Santos), built the first coffee mill in Hawaii near <a href="/wiki/Kealakekua_Bay" title="Kealakekua Bay">Kealakekua Bay</a>. In 1892 the <i>Guatemalan</i> variety was introduced to Hawaii by German planter <a href="/wiki/Hermann_A._Widemann" title="Hermann A. Widemann">Hermann A. Widemann</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-goto_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goto-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Also about this time <a href="/wiki/Coccinellidae" title="Coccinellidae">lady bugs</a> (also called ladybird beetles) were able to control the scale infestation.<sup id="cite_ref-cup_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cup-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the United States annexed Hawaii in 1898 (forming the <a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Hawaii" title="Territory of Hawaii">territory of Hawaii</a>), the dropping of tariffs meant sugar was even more profitable, and some coffee trees were torn up. Prices dropped in 1899 and 1900, which wiped out some remaining plantations. In 1916, production was about 2.7 million pounds, while sugar continued to expand.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> in 1917 and a severe frost in Brazil in 1918 caused a world shortage, and prices rose.<sup id="cite_ref-cup_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cup-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Japanese laborers from <a href="/wiki/Sugarcane" title="Sugarcane">sugarcane</a> <a href="/wiki/Sugar_plantations_in_Hawaii" title="Sugar plantations in Hawaii">plantations</a> would often start small farms in Kona after their employment contracts expired.<sup id="cite_ref-goto_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goto-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> By 1922 most coffee production in Hawaii had disappeared except in the Kona district. In 1932, Kona had over 1000 coffee farms; over 90% of these were managed by <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Hawaiian" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Hawaiian">Japanese Hawaiians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> of the 1930s depressed prices, and caused many farmers to default on their debts. After <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, and another frost in South America, prices rose again in the 1950s. Production peaked in 1957 at over 18 million pounds.<sup id="cite_ref-cup_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cup-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the 1970s, the tourism industry competed for labor, and production declined. The closing of the sugar and pineapple plantations in the 1990s provided a slow resurgence in the coffee industry. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_production">Modern production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coffee_production_in_Hawaii&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Modern production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coffee_trees.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Coffee_trees.jpg/220px-Coffee_trees.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Coffee_trees.jpg/330px-Coffee_trees.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Coffee_trees.jpg/440px-Coffee_trees.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="603" /></a><figcaption>Coffee trees in Hawaii</figcaption></figure><p>The "coffee belt" in Kona is approximately two miles wide and ranging from 700 feet (210&#160;m) to 2,000 feet (610&#160;m) elevation. Other districts on the island where coffee is grown include <a href="/wiki/Kau,_Hawaii" title="Kau, Hawaii">Kaʻū</a> in the far south, <a href="/wiki/Puna,_Hawaii" title="Puna, Hawaii">Puna</a> in the southeast, and <a href="/wiki/Hamakua" title="Hamakua">Hāmākua</a> in the northeast.<sup id="cite_ref-county_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-county-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although coffee can be harvested year-round in Hawaii, the highest production runs from August to December.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In the 2008–2009 season, there were about 790 farms on the <a href="/wiki/Hawaii_(island)" title="Hawaii (island)">island of Hawaii</a> with another 40 on other islands. Average yield was equivalent to 1400 pounds of parchment per acre. A total of about 7,800 acres (3,200&#160;ha) are planted with coffee throughout the state. A little over half the acreage is outside the island of Hawaii, in particular on the island of <a href="/wiki/Kauai" title="Kauai">Kauai</a>, indicating that farms on other islands are larger in average size compared to those on Hawaii. Although total production increased from 2007 to about 8.6 million pounds, farm prices actually dropped, so the dollar value decreased by about 8%.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (Due to the relatively few coffee farms on Kauai, the numbers of Maui and Honolulu are combined in USDA statistics to avoid disclosure of individual operations in those counties.) Several former sugarcane and <a href="/wiki/Pineapple" title="Pineapple">pineapple</a> plantations have shifted to coffee production, such as <a href="/wiki/Molokai_coffee" title="Molokai coffee">Molokaʻi coffee</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hypothenemus_hampei" title="Hypothenemus hampei">Coffee berry borer</a> (<i>Hypothenemus hampei</i>), the most harmful beetle to the <i>arabica</i> coffee crop, was discovered in Kona coast plantations in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> By 2020, the borer had been found on Oahu, Maui, Kauai and Lānaʻi.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Borer crop damage has resulted in significant decreases in production per acre between 2010 and 2018, and the cost of spraying crops multiple times a year has decreased profit.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Coffee_leaf_rust" class="mw-redirect" title="Coffee leaf rust">Coffee leaf rust</a> also has been found and threatened 2021 production.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coffee_production_in_Hawaii&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem-relax.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Emblem-relax.svg/28px-Emblem-relax.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Emblem-relax.svg/42px-Emblem-relax.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Emblem-relax.svg/56px-Emblem-relax.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Coffee" title="Portal:Coffee">Coffee portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/32px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/48px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/64px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hawaii" title="Portal:Hawaii">Hawaii portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_coffee_production" title="List of countries by coffee production">List of countries by coffee production</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coffee_production_in_Australia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Coffee production in Australia (page does not exist)">Coffee production in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Agriculture_Research_Center" title="Hawaiian Agriculture Research Center">Hawaiian Agriculture Research Center</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coffee_production_in_Hawaii&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cms.ctahr.hawaii.edu/">CTAHR</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hawaiicoffeeassoc.org/">Hawaii Coffee Association</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coffee_production_in_Hawaii&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hawaiicoffeeassoc.org/News/10075301">"Hawaii Coffee Association - Coffee Industry Valued Higher Now"</a>. <i>hawaiicoffeeassoc.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=hawaiicoffeeassoc.org&amp;rft.atitle=Hawaii+Coffee+Association+-+Coffee+Industry+Valued+Higher+Now&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhawaiicoffeeassoc.org%2FNews%2F10075301&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoffee+production+in+Hawaii" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation conference cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdoa.hawaii.gov/add/files/2020/06/Coffee-Stats-2019_SOH-05.29.20.pdf"><i>Coffee Acreage, Yield, Production, Price and Value State of Hawaii, 2020</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Hawaii. May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=conference&amp;rft.btitle=Coffee+Acreage%2C+Yield%2C+Production%2C+Price+and+Value+State+of+Hawaii%2C+2020&amp;rft.place=Hawaii&amp;rft.date=2020-05&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdoa.hawaii.gov%2Fadd%2Ffiles%2F2020%2F06%2FCoffee-Stats-2019_SOH-05.29.20.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoffee+production+in+Hawaii" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-all-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-all_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2uwKAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=RA3-PA63">"History of Coffee in Hawaii"</a>. <i>All about Hawaii</i>. Honolulu Star-Bulletin. 1891. pp.&#160;63–68.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=History+of+Coffee+in+Hawaii&amp;rft.btitle=All+about+Hawaii&amp;rft.pages=63-68&amp;rft.pub=Honolulu+Star-Bulletin&amp;rft.date=1891&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2uwKAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DRA3-PA63&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoffee+production+in+Hawaii" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerze_Tate1962" class="citation journal cs1">Merze Tate (1962). "Sandwich Island Missionaries: The First American Point Four Agents". <i>Annual Report of the Hawaiian Historical Society</i>. Hawaiian Historical Society. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10524%2F84">10524/84</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Annual+Report+of+the+Hawaiian+Historical+Society&amp;rft.atitle=Sandwich+Island+Missionaries%3A+The+First+American+Point+Four+Agents&amp;rft.date=1962&amp;rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10524%2F84&amp;rft.au=Merze+Tate&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoffee+production+in+Hawaii" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHawaiian_Mission_Children&#39;s_Society1901" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Mission_Children%27s_Society" title="Hawaiian Mission Children&#39;s Society">Hawaiian Mission Children's Society</a> (1901). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/portraitsofameri00hawarich"><i>Portraits of American Protestant missionaries to Hawaii</i></a>. Honolulu: Hawaiian gazette co. p.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/portraitsofameri00hawarich/page/6">6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Portraits+of+American+Protestant+missionaries+to+Hawaii&amp;rft.place=Honolulu&amp;rft.pages=6&amp;rft.pub=Hawaiian+gazette+co.&amp;rft.date=1901&amp;rft.au=Hawaiian+Mission+Children%27s+Society&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fportraitsofameri00hawarich&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoffee+production+in+Hawaii" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKona_Historical_Society1997" class="citation book cs1">Kona Historical Society (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=btEuhAXQOQkC"><i>A Guide to Old Kona</i></a>. University of Hawaii Press. p.&#160;6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-2010-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-2010-7"><bdi>978-0-8248-2010-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+Guide+to+Old+Kona&amp;rft.pages=6&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8248-2010-7&amp;rft.au=Kona+Historical+Society&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbtEuhAXQOQkC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoffee+production+in+Hawaii" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Harrison_Ukers1922" class="citation book cs1">William Harrison Ukers (1922). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/AllAboutCoffee"><i>All about coffee</i></a>. The Tea and Coffee Trade Journal Company. pp.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/AllAboutCoffee/page/n295">239</a>–241.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=All+about+coffee&amp;rft.pages=239-241&amp;rft.pub=The+Tea+and+Coffee+Trade+Journal+Company&amp;rft.date=1922&amp;rft.au=William+Harrison+Ukers&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FAllAboutCoffee&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoffee+production+in+Hawaii" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-goto-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-goto_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-goto_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaron_Goto1982" class="citation news cs1">Baron Goto (1982). "Ethnic Groups and the Coffee Industry in Hawaii". Vol.&#160;16. Hawaiian Historical Society. pp.&#160;112–124. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10524%2F432">10524/432</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Ethnic+Groups+and+the+Coffee+Industry+in+Hawaii&amp;rft.volume=16&amp;rft.pages=112-124&amp;rft.date=1982&amp;rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10524%2F432&amp;rft.au=Baron+Goto&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoffee+production+in+Hawaii" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cup-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cup_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cup_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cup_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerald_Kinro2003" class="citation book cs1">Gerald Kinro (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wyw0JEuokwsC&amp;pg=RA1-PA123"><i>A cup of aloha: the Kona coffee epic</i></a>. University of Hawaii Press. p.&#160;123. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-2678-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-2678-9"><bdi>978-0-8248-2678-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+cup+of+aloha%3A+the+Kona+coffee+epic&amp;rft.pages=123&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8248-2678-9&amp;rft.au=Gerald+Kinro&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dwyw0JEuokwsC%26pg%3DRA1-PA123&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoffee+production+in+Hawaii" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3xMpAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA470"><i>Commerce reports, Volume 4</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Boki%27s+Beans%3A+A+People%27s+History+of+Hawaiian+Coffee&amp;rft.date=2019-02-18&amp;rft.aulast=Melillo&amp;rft.aufirst=Edward&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.honolulumagazine.com%2Fbokis-beans-a-peoples-history-of-hawaiian-coffee%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoffee+production+in+Hawaii" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-county-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-county_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110708134734/http://www.co.hawaii.hi.us/bigislandag/coffee.html">"Agriculture - coffee"</a>. <i>official web site</i>. County of Hawaii. 1998. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.co.hawaii.hi.us/bigislandag/coffee.html">the original</a> on 2011-07-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-11-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=official+web+site&amp;rft.atitle=Agriculture+-+coffee&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.co.hawaii.hi.us%2Fbigislandag%2Fcoffee.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoffee+production+in+Hawaii" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBittenbenderEaston_Smith2008" class="citation book cs1">Bittenbender, H.C.; Easton Smith, Virginia (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/pdf/coffee08.pdf"><i>Growing coffee in Hawaii</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii at Manoa. p.&#160;8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1929325061" title="Special:BookSources/978-1929325061"><bdi>978-1929325061</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Growing+coffee+in+Hawaii&amp;rft.place=Honolulu%2C+HI&amp;rft.pages=8&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+at+Manoa&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.isbn=978-1929325061&amp;rft.aulast=Bittenbender&amp;rft.aufirst=H.C.&amp;rft.au=Easton+Smith%2C+Virginia&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctahr.hawaii.edu%2Foc%2Ffreepubs%2Fpdf%2Fcoffee08.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoffee+production+in+Hawaii" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Agricultural_Statistics_Service_Hawaii_Field_Office2009" class="citation web cs1">National Agricultural Statistics Service Hawaii Field Office (September 3, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/Hawaii/Publications/Sugarcane_and_Specialty_Crops/coffee.pdf">"Hawaii Coffee"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-11-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Hawaii+Coffee&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Agriculture&amp;rft.date=2009-09-03&amp;rft.au=National+Agricultural+Statistics+Service+Hawaii+Field+Office&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nass.usda.gov%2FStatistics_by_State%2FHawaii%2FPublications%2FSugarcane_and_Specialty_Crops%2Fcoffee.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoffee+production+in+Hawaii" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110616212802/http://www.khon2.com/news/local/story/Tiny-Pest-Threatens-Hawaiis-Coffee-Crop/ZrdpxV-zHU2-WMhvK0_z_A.cspx">"Tiny Pest Threatens Hawaii's Coffee Crop &#124; KHON2 Hawaii's News Leader"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.khon2.com/news/local/story/Tiny-Pest-Threatens-Hawaiis-Coffee-Crop/ZrdpxV-zHU2-WMhvK0_z_A.cspx">the original</a> on June 16, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Tiny+Pest+Threatens+Hawaii%27s+Coffee+Crop+%26%23124%3B+KHON2+Hawaii%27s+News+Leader&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.khon2.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fstory%2FTiny-Pest-Threatens-Hawaiis-Coffee-Crop%2FZrdpxV-zHU2-WMhvK0_z_A.cspx&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoffee+production+in+Hawaii" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/site/cbbmanage.aspx">"THE COFFEE BERRY BORER IS IN HAWAI'I; HOW CAN WE MANAGE IT?"</a>. <i>College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources</i>. University of Hawai‘i<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=College+of+Tropical+Agriculture+and+Human+Resources&amp;rft.atitle=THE+COFFEE+BERRY+BORER+IS+IN+HAWAI%27I%3B+HOW+CAN+WE+MANAGE+IT%3F&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctahr.hawaii.edu%2Fsite%2Fcbbmanage.aspx&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoffee+production+in+Hawaii" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDible2018" class="citation news cs1">Dible, Max (1 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.westhawaiitoday.com/2018/05/01/hawaii-news/economists-farmers-say-overtreatment-of-coffee-berry-borer-breaking-banks/">"Economists, farmers say overtreatment of coffee berry borer breaking banks"</a>. West Hawaii Today<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Economists%2C+farmers+say+overtreatment+of+coffee+berry+borer+breaking+banks&amp;rft.date=2018-05-01&amp;rft.aulast=Dible&amp;rft.aufirst=Max&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.westhawaiitoday.com%2F2018%2F05%2F01%2Fhawaii-news%2Feconomists-farmers-say-overtreatment-of-coffee-berry-borer-breaking-banks%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoffee+production+in+Hawaii" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrossman2021" class="citation news cs1">Grossman, Dakota (13 April 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mauinews.com/news/local-news/2021/04/fungicide-not-silver-bullet-could-help-against-coffee-leaf-rust/">"Fungicide not 'silver bullet,' could help against coffee leaf rust"</a>. Maui News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Fungicide+not+%27silver+bullet%2C%27+could+help+against+coffee+leaf+rust&amp;rft.date=2021-04-13&amp;rft.aulast=Grossman&amp;rft.aufirst=Dakota&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mauinews.com%2Fnews%2Flocal-news%2F2021%2F04%2Ffungicide-not-silver-bullet-could-help-against-coffee-leaf-rust%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoffee+production+in+Hawaii" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Coffee_production" title="Template:Coffee production"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Coffee_production" title="Template talk:Coffee production"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Coffee_production" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Coffee production"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Coffee_production_by_region" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production" title="Coffee production">Coffee production</a> by region</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Top 20 <br /> producers (2014)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Brazil" title="Coffee production in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Colombia" title="Coffee production in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Costa_Rica" title="Coffee production in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Coffee production in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Ecuador" title="Coffee production in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_El_Salvador" title="Coffee production in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Ethiopia" title="Coffee production in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Guatemala" title="Coffee production in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Honduras" title="Coffee production in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_India" title="Coffee production in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Indonesia" title="Coffee production in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Ivory_Coast" title="Coffee production in Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Mexico" title="Coffee production in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Nicaragua" title="Coffee production in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Coffee production in Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Peru" title="Coffee production in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Tanzania" title="Coffee production in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Thailand" title="Coffee production in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Uganda" title="Coffee production in Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Vietnam" title="Coffee production in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem-relax.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Emblem-relax.svg/28px-Emblem-relax.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Emblem-relax.svg/42px-Emblem-relax.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Emblem-relax.svg/56px-Emblem-relax.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Coffee" title="Portal:Coffee">Coffee portal</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other cultivators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Angola" title="Coffee production in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Bolivia" title="Coffee production in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_China" title="Coffee production in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Cameroon" title="Coffee production in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Cuba" title="Coffee production in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Coffee production in Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_industry_of_Timor_Leste" title="Coffee industry of Timor Leste">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Guadeloupe" title="Coffee production in Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Guam" title="Coffee production in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Haiti" title="Coffee production in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Jamaica" title="Coffee production in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Kenya" title="Coffee production in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Laos" title="Coffee production in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Martinique" title="Coffee production in Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Panama" title="Coffee production in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Paraguay" title="Coffee production in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_the_Philippines" title="Coffee production in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Coffee production in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Coffee production in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United States (Hawaii)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Venezuela" title="Coffee production in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_coffee_production" title="List of countries by coffee production">List of countries by coffee production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_coffee_exports" title="List of countries by coffee exports">List of countries by coffee exports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Agriculture_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Agriculture_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Agriculture in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Agriculture_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Agriculture in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Agriculture_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Agriculture in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Agriculture_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_United_States" title="Agriculture in the United States">Agriculture in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture_in_the_United_States" title="History of agriculture in the United States">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rural_American_history" title="Rural American history">Rural American history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_history_of_agriculture_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American history of agriculture in the United States">African-American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_land_loss_in_the_United_States" title="Black land loss in the United States">Black land loss</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Hawaiian_aquaculture" title="Ancient Hawaiian aquaculture">Ancient Hawaiian aquaculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cattle_drives_in_the_United_States" title="Cattle drives in the United States">Cattle drives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbian_exchange" title="Columbian exchange">Columbian exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Agricultural_Complex" title="Eastern Agricultural Complex">Eastern Agricultural Complex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Three_Sisters_(agriculture)" title="Three Sisters (agriculture)">Three Sisters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_food_regulation_in_the_United_States" title="Early history of food regulation in the United States">Early history of food regulation in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indentured_servitude_in_British_America" title="Indentured servitude in British America">Indentured servitude in British America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indentured_servitude_in_Virginia" title="Indentured servitude in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indentured_servitude_in_Pennsylvania" title="Indentured servitude in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_crops" title="New World crops">New World crops</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_food_plants_native_to_the_Americas" title="List of food plants native to the Americas">List of food plants native to the Americas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_agriculture_in_Virginia" title="Native American agriculture in Virginia">Native American in Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_agriculture_on_the_Great_Plains" title="Prehistoric agriculture on the Great Plains">Prehistoric agriculture on the Great Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_agriculture_in_the_Southwestern_United_States" title="Prehistoric agriculture in the Southwestern United States">Prehistoric agriculture in the Southwestern United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_American_wine" title="History of American wine">Wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Range_war" title="Range war">Range war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sheep_wars" title="Sheep wars">Sheep wars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">Slavery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_among_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery among Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_colonial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the colonial history of the United States">Colonial</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IHC_corn_picker,_Story_County,_Iowa,_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/IHC_corn_picker%2C_Story_County%2C_Iowa%2C_2011.jpg/100px-IHC_corn_picker%2C_Story_County%2C_Iowa%2C_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/IHC_corn_picker%2C_Story_County%2C_Iowa%2C_2011.jpg/150px-IHC_corn_picker%2C_Story_County%2C_Iowa%2C_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/IHC_corn_picker%2C_Story_County%2C_Iowa%2C_2011.jpg/200px-IHC_corn_picker%2C_Story_County%2C_Iowa%2C_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1363" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banana_production_in_the_United_States" title="Banana production in the United States">Banana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beekeeping_in_the_United_States" title="Beekeeping in the United States">Bee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackcurrant_production_in_the_United_States" title="Blackcurrant production in the United States">Blackcurrant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_the_United_States" title="Cannabis in the United States">Cannabis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hemp_in_the_United_States" title="Hemp in the United States">Hemp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_production_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherry production in the United States">Cherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_tree_production_in_the_United_States" title="Christmas tree production in the United States">Christmas tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_production_in_the_United_States" title="Corn production in the United States">Corn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_production_in_the_United_States" title="Cotton production in the United States">Cotton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cider_in_the_United_States" title="Cider in the United States">Cider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dairy_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Dairy industry in the United States">Dairy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hop_production_in_the_United_States" title="Hop production in the United States">Hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poultry_farming_in_the_United_States" title="Poultry farming in the United States">Poultry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_production_in_the_United_States" title="Rice production in the United States">Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinach_in_the_United_States" title="Spinach in the United States">Spinach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_industry_of_the_United_States" title="Sugar industry of the United States">Sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_production_in_the_United_States" title="Tea production in the United States">Tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_in_the_United_States" title="Tobacco in the United States">Tobacco</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_shade_tobacco" title="Connecticut shade tobacco">Connecticut shade tobacco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheat_production_in_the_United_States" title="Wheat production in the United States">Wheat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_wine" title="American wine">Wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State, commonwealth,<br /> or territory-specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Alabama" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in Alabama">Alabama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_wine" title="Alabama wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Alaska" title="Agriculture in Alaska">Alaska</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_Alaska" title="Aquaculture in Alaska">aquaculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Alaska" title="Cannabis in Alaska">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_wine" title="Alaska wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Arizona <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_wine" title="Arizona wine">wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Arizona" title="Cannabis in Arizona">cannabis</a></li></ul></li> <li>Arkansas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rice_cultivation_in_Arkansas" title="Rice cultivation in Arkansas">rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_wine" title="Arkansas wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_California" title="Agriculture in California">California</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almonds_in_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Almonds in California">almonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_California" title="Cannabis in California">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walnuts_in_California" title="Walnuts in California">walnuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_wine" title="California wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in Colorado">Colorado</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_wine" title="Colorado wine">wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Colorado" title="Cannabis in Colorado">cannabis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Connecticut" title="Agriculture in Connecticut">Connecticut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Connecticut" title="Cannabis in Connecticut">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_wine" title="Connecticut wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Delaware <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Delaware" title="Cannabis in Delaware">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_wine" title="Delaware wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Florida" title="Agriculture in Florida">Florida</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florida_wine" title="Florida wine">wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomato_production_in_Florida" title="Tomato production in Florida">tomato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mango_production_in_Florida" title="Mango production in Florida">mango</a></li></ul></li> <li>Georgia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)_wine" title="Georgia (U.S. state) wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Hawaii" title="Agriculture in Hawaii">Hawaii</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_plantations_in_Hawaii" title="Sugar plantations in Hawaii">sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii_wine" title="Hawaii wine">wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetically_modified_food_in_Hawaii" title="Genetically modified food in Hawaii">genetically modified food</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Idaho" title="Agriculture in Idaho">Idaho</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_wine" title="Idaho wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Illinois <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Illinois" title="Cannabis in Illinois">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_wine" title="Illinois wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in Indiana">Indiana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_wine" title="Indiana wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Iowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in Iowa">Iowa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_wine" title="Iowa wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Kansas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_wine" title="Kansas wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Kentucky" title="Agriculture in Kentucky">Kentucky</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_wine" title="Kentucky wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Louisiana <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_wine" title="Louisiana wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Maine <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_Maine" title="Aquaculture in Maine">aquaculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Maine" title="Cannabis in Maine">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine_wine" title="Maine wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Maryland" title="Agriculture in Maryland">Maryland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Maryland" title="Cannabis in Maryland">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_wine" title="Maryland wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Massachusetts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Massachusetts" title="Cannabis in Massachusetts">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_wine" title="Massachusetts wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Michigan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Michigan" title="Cannabis in Michigan">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_production_in_Michigan" title="Cherry production in Michigan">cherries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_wine" title="Michigan wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Minnesota <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_wine" title="Minnesota wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Mississippi <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_wine" title="Mississippi wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Missouri <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Missouri" title="Cannabis in Missouri">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_wine" title="Missouri wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Montana <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Montana" title="Cannabis in Montana">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana_wine" title="Montana wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Nebraska <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_wine" title="Nebraska wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Nevada <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Nevada" title="Cannabis in Nevada">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_wine" title="Nevada wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>New Hampshire <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_wine" title="New Hampshire wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>New Jersey <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_New_Jersey" title="Cannabis in New Jersey">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_wine" title="New Jersey wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_New_York" title="Agriculture in New York">New York</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_New_York" title="Cannabis in New York">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_wine" title="New York wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>New Mexico <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_New_Mexico" title="Cannabis in New Mexico">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_chile" title="New Mexico chile">chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_wine" title="New Mexico wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_North_Carolina" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in North Carolina">North Carolina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_wine" title="North Carolina wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>North Dakota <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_wine" title="North Dakota wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ohio <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_wine" title="Ohio wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Oklahoma <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_wine" title="Oklahoma wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Oregon <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_wine" title="Oregon wine">wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Oregon" title="Cannabis in Oregon">cannabis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Pennsylvania" title="Agriculture in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_wine" title="Pennsylvania wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Agriculture in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Cannabis in Puerto Rico">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Coffee production in Puerto Rico">coffee</a></li></ul></li> <li>Rhode Island <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Rhode_Island" title="Cannabis in Rhode Island">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_wine" title="Rhode Island wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>South Carolina <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_wine" title="South Carolina wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>South Dakota <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_wine" title="South Dakota wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Tennessee <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_wine" title="Tennessee wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Utah <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Utah_wine" title="Utah wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Vermont <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Vermont" title="Cannabis in Vermont">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_wine" title="Vermont wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Virginia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Virginia" title="Cannabis in Virginia">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_wine" title="Virginia wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Virgin Islands <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="Cannabis in the United States Virgin Islands">cannabis</a></li></ul></li> <li>Washington <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington_apples" title="Washington apples">apples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Washington_(state)" title="Cannabis in Washington (state)">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_wine" title="Washington wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>West Virginia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_wine" title="West Virginia wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Wisconsin" title="Agriculture in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_dairy_industry" title="Wisconsin dairy industry">dairy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_wine" title="Wisconsin wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Wyoming <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_wine" title="Wyoming wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Guam <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Guam" title="Cannabis in Guam">cannabis</a></li></ul></li> <li>Northern Mariana Islands <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Cannabis in the Northern Mariana Islands">cannabis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Texas" title="Agriculture in Texas">Texas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Texas_rice_production" title="Texas rice production">rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_wine" title="Texas wine">wine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_Southwestern_United_States" title="Agriculture in the Southwestern United States">Southwestern United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Dirt_Region" title="Black Dirt Region">Black Dirt Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_Belt" title="Corn Belt">Corn Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_Belt" title="Cotton Belt">Cotton Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit_Belt" title="Fruit Belt">Fruit Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_Belt" title="Rice Belt">Rice Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest_oyster_industry" title="Pacific Northwest oyster industry">Pacific Northwest oyster industry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government <br />organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">United States Department of Agriculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Agricultural_Statistics_Service" title="National Agricultural Statistics Service">National Agricultural Statistics Service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_of_Agriculture" title="United States Census of Agriculture">United States Census of Agriculture</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Law and<br />politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Agricultural policy of the United States">Agricultural policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Trade_Development_and_Assistance_Act_of_1954" title="Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954">Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_Risk_Protection_Act_of_2000" title="Agriculture Risk Protection Act of 2000">Agriculture Risk Protection Act of 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Agricultural_Labor_Relations_Act_of_1975" title="California Agricultural Labor Relations Act of 1975">California Agricultural Labor Relations Act of 1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capper%E2%80%93Volstead_Act" title="Capper–Volstead Act">Capper–Volstead Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Act_for_Responsible_Employment" title="Children&#39;s Act for Responsible Employment">Children's Act for Responsible Employment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_farm_bill" title="United States farm bill">Farm bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_Security_Act_of_1985" title="Food Security Act of 1985">Food Security Act of 1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food,_Agriculture,_Conservation,_and_Trade_Act_of_1990" title="Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990">Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Agriculture_Improvement_and_Reform_Act_of_1996" title="Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996">Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grain_Futures_Act" title="Grain Futures Act">Grain Futures Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packers_and_Stockyards_Act" title="Packers and Stockyards Act">Packers and Stockyards Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Food_and_Drug_Act" title="Pure Food and Drug Act">Pure Food and Drug Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Grazing_Act_of_1934" title="Taylor Grazing Act of 1934">Taylor Grazing Act of 1934</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health and<br /> environment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_in_United_States_agricultural_workers" title="Mental health in United States agricultural workers">Agricultural workers mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_and_agriculture_in_the_United_States" title="Climate change and agriculture in the United States">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmers%27_suicides_in_the_United_States" title="Farmers&#39; suicides in the United States">Farmer suicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetically_modified_food_in_the_United_States" title="Genetically modified food in the United States">Genetically modified food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_the_United_States" title="Water supply and sanitation in the United States">Water supply</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ogallala_Aquifer" title="Ogallala Aquifer">Ogallala Aquifer</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Crime</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adulterated_food_in_the_United_States" title="Adulterated food in the United States">Adulterated food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_nut_crimes" title="California nut crimes">California nut crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cattle_raiding" title="Cattle raiding">Cattle raiding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Farmworkers_in_the_United_States" title="Farmworkers in the United States">Labor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bracero_Program" title="Bracero Program">Bracero Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convict_leasing" title="Convict leasing">Convict leasing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farm_Labor_Organizing_Committee" title="Farm Labor Organizing Committee">Farm Labor Organizing Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-2A_visa" title="H-2A visa">H-2A visa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Blooming_Onion" title="Operation Blooming Onion">Operation Blooming Onion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Farm_Workers" title="United Farm Workers">United Farm Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Food_and_Commercial_Workers" title="United Food and Commercial Workers">United Food and Commercial Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman%27s_Land_Army_of_America" title="Woman&#39;s Land Army of America">Woman's Land Army of America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corn_maze" title="Corn maze">Corn maze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranch" title="Ranch">Ranch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy" title="Cowboy">Cowboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dude_ranch" class="mw-redirect" title="Dude ranch">Dude ranch</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Coffee_production_in_Oceania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oceania_topic" title="Template talk:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Coffee_production_in_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Coffee production in Oceania</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coffee_production_in_Australia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Coffee production in Australia (page does not exist)">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coffee_production_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Coffee production in the Federated States of Micronesia (page does not exist)">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coffee_production_in_Fiji&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Coffee production in Fiji (page does not exist)">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coffee_production_in_Kiribati&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Coffee production in Kiribati (page does not exist)">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coffee_production_in_the_Marshall_Islands&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Coffee production in the Marshall Islands (page does not exist)">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coffee_production_in_Nauru&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Coffee production in Nauru (page does not exist)">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coffee_production_in_New_Zealand&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Coffee production in New Zealand (page does not exist)">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coffee_production_in_Palau&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Coffee production in Palau (page does not exist)">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Coffee production in Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coffee_production_in_Samoa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Coffee production in Samoa (page does not exist)">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coffee_production_in_Solomon_Islands&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Coffee production in Solomon Islands (page does not exist)">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coffee_production_in_Tonga&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Coffee production in Tonga (page does not exist)">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coffee_production_in_Tuvalu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Coffee production in Tuvalu (page does not exist)">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coffee_production_in_Vanuatu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Coffee production in Vanuatu (page does not exist)">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated states<br />of New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coffee_production_in_the_Cook_Islands&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Coffee production in the Cook Islands (page does not exist)">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coffee_production_in_Niue&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Coffee production in Niue (page does not exist)">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies<br />and other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coffee_production_in_American_Samoa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Coffee production in American Samoa (page does not exist)">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coffee_production_in_Christmas_Island&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Coffee production in Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coffee_production_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Coffee production in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coffee_production_in_Easter_Island&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Coffee production in Easter Island (page does not exist)">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coffee_production_in_French_Polynesia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Coffee production in French Polynesia (page does not exist)">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Guam" title="Coffee production in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coffee_production_in_New_Caledonia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Coffee production in New Caledonia (page does not exist)">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coffee_production_in_Norfolk_Island&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Coffee production in Norfolk Island (page does not exist)">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coffee_production_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Coffee production in the Northern Mariana Islands (page does not exist)">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coffee_production_in_the_Pitcairn_Islands&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Coffee production in the Pitcairn Islands (page does not exist)">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coffee_production_in_Tokelau&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Coffee production in Tokelau (page does not exist)">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coffee_production_in_Wallis_and_Futuna&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Coffee production in Wallis and Futuna (page does not exist)">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐559c9fd9f4‐lz99q Cached time: 20241126142108 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.456 seconds Real time usage: 0.749 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1469/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 89143/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 899/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 89312/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.281/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7895744/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 626.906 1 -total 37.83% 237.145 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