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Vanuatu - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terbaru</span></a></li><li id="n-Artikel-pilihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikel_pilihan/Topik"><span>Artikel pilihan</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Peristiwa_terkini" title="Temukan informasi tentang peristiwa terkini"><span>Peristiwa terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-newpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_baru"><span>Halaman baru</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_sembarang" title="Tampilkan sembarang halaman [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Halaman sembarang</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Komunitas" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Komunitas" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Komunitas </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Warung-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi"><span>Warung Kopi</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Komunitas" title="Tentang proyek, apa yang dapat Anda lakukan, di mana untuk mencari sesuatu"><span>Portal komunitas</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Isi" title="Tempat mencari bantuan."><span>Bantuan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Pancapilar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pancapilar"><span>Pancapilar</span></a></li><li id="n-Kebijakan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kebijakan_dan_pedoman"><span>Kebijakan</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Bak-pasir" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bak_pasir"><span>Bak pasir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Bagikan" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Bagikan emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bagikan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Nama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Nama</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Sejarah</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Sejarah</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prasejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prasejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Prasejarah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prasejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kedatangan_orang_Eropa_(1606–1906)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kedatangan_orang_Eropa_(1606–1906)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Kedatangan orang Eropa (1606–1906)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kedatangan_orang_Eropa_(1606–1906)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Era_kolonial_(1906–1980)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Era_kolonial_(1906–1980)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Era kolonial (1906–1980)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Era_kolonial_(1906–1980)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Periode_awal_(1906–1945)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Periode_awal_(1906–1945)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Periode awal (1906–1945)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Periode_awal_(1906–1945)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Menjelang_kemerdekaan_(1945-1980)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Menjelang_kemerdekaan_(1945-1980)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Menjelang kemerdekaan (1945-1980)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Menjelang_kemerdekaan_(1945-1980)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kemerdekaan_Vanuatu_(1980–sekarang)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kemerdekaan_Vanuatu_(1980–sekarang)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Kemerdekaan Vanuatu (1980–sekarang)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kemerdekaan_Vanuatu_(1980–sekarang)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geografi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Geografi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Flora_dan_fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora_dan_fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Flora dan fauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora_dan_fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iklim" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iklim"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Iklim</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iklim-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Badai_tropis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Badai_tropis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Badai tropis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Badai_tropis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gempa_bumi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gempa_bumi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Gempa bumi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gempa_bumi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ekonomi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekonomi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Politik</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politik-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Politik</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pembagian_administratif" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pembagian_administratif"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Pembagian administratif</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pembagian_administratif-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Budaya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Budaya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Budaya</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Budaya-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Budaya</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Budaya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kuliner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kuliner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Kuliner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kuliner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catatan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catatan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Catatan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catatan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliografi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bacaan_lanjutan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bacaan_lanjutan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Bacaan lanjutan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bacaan_lanjutan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Vanuatu</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 212 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-212" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">212 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83" title="Вануату – Abkhaz" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Вануату" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhaz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Aceh" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Aceh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Jerman (Swiss)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman (Swiss)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%AB%E1%8A%91%E1%8A%A0%E1%89%B1" title="ቫኑአቱ – Amharik" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቫኑአቱ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanuatu" title="Fanuatu – Inggris Kuno" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Fanuatu" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Inggris Kuno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%81" title="वनुआटु – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="वनुआटु" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88" title="فانواتو – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فانواتو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88" title="ڤانواتو – Arab Maroko" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ڤانواتو" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88" title="فانواتو – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فانواتو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatua" title="Vanuatua – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Vanuatua" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88" title="وانواتو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="وانواتو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83" title="Вануату – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Вануату" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banuatu" title="Banuatu – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Banuatu" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83" title="Вануату – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вануату" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83" title="Вануату – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вануату" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wanuatu" title="Wanuatu – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Wanuatu" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83" title="Вануату – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вануату" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%82" title="वानूआतू – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="वानूआतू" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81" title="ভানুয়াতু – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভানুয়াতু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%9D%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A0%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8D" title="ཝ་ནུའ་ཏུ། – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཝ་ནུའ་ཏུ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81" title="ভানুয়াতু – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ভানুয়াতু" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83" title="Вануату – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Вануату" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83" title="Вануату – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Вануату" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%A9%E1%8F%82%E1%8E%A4%E1%8F%A9%E1%8F%9A" title="ᏩᏂᎤᏩᏚ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏩᏂᎤᏩᏚ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88" title="ڤانواتوو – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڤانواتوو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanatu" title="Vanatu – Korsika" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Vanatu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Tatar Krimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Tatar Krimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanwatw" title="Fanwatw – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Fanwatw" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Sorbia Hilir" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Sorbia Hilir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%81" title="भानुआटु – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="भानुआटु" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%88%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%AA%DE%87%DE%A7%DE%93%DE%AB" title="ވަނުއާޓޫ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ވަނުއާޓޫ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Βανουάτου – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βανουάτου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatuo" title="Vanuatuo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vanuatuo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88" title="وانواتو – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="وانواتو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanuwatu" title="Fanuwatu – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Fanuwatu" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Fiji" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wanuaatuu" title="Wanuaatuu – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Wanuaatuu" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fan%C3%BBat%C3%BB" title="Fanûatû – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Fanûatû" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuat%C3%BA" title="Vanuatú – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Vanuatú" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhanuatu" title="Bhanuatu – Gaelik Skotlandia" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Bhanuatu" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaelik Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanu%C3%A1tu" title="Vanuátu – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Vanuátu" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%81" title="वनुआटु – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="वनुआटु" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%90%D7%98%D7%95" title="ונואטו – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ונואטו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%82" title="वानूआतू – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वानूआतू" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Hindi Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Hindi Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Sorbia Hulu" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Sorbia Hulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanwatou" title="Vanwatou – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Vanwatou" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Վանուատու – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վանուատու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Վանուաթու – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Վանուաթու" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van%C3%BAat%C3%BA" title="Vanúatú – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vanúatú" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%95%99%E1%93%84%E1%90%8A%E1%91%90" title="ᕙᓄᐊᑐ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᕙᓄᐊᑐ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%8C%E3%82%A2%E3%83%84" title="バヌアツ – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バヌアツ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3" title="ვანუატუ – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვანუატუ" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83" title="Вануату – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Вануату" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%BC" title="វ៉ានូអាទូ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="វ៉ានូអាទូ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%81" title="ವನುವಾಟು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವನುವಾಟು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EB%88%84%EC%95%84%ED%88%AC" title="바누아투 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="바누아투" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83" title="Вануату – Karachai Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Вануату" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachai Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van%C3%BBat%C3%BB" title="Vanûatû – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Vanûatû" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Kornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83" title="Вануату – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Вануату" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Liguria" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Liguria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanoato" title="Vanoato – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Vanoato" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whenuat%C5%AB" title="Whenuatū – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Whenuatū" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83" title="Вануату – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Вануату" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81" title="വാനുവാടു – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വാനുവാടു" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83" title="Вануату – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Вануату" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%9A%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A8" title="ꯚꯥꯅꯨꯑꯥꯇꯨ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯚꯥꯅꯨꯑꯥꯇꯨ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%82" title="व्हानुआतू – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="व्हानुआतू" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83" title="Вануату – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Вануату" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanwatu" title="Vanwatu – Malta" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Vanwatu" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Malta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%94%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%B0%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ဗနွားတူနိုင်ငံ – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဗနွားတူနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88" title="وانواتو – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="وانواتو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%81" title="भानुअटु – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भानुअटु" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%81" title="भानुआटु – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="भानुआटु" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adeeshzhahnii_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Adeeshzhahnii Bikéyah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Adeeshzhahnii Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83" title="Вануату – Ossetia" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Вануату" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%82" title="ਵਨੁਆਤੂ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਨੁਆਤੂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Pidgin Nigeria" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="Pidgin Nigeria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Naijá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%81" title="वनुवाटु – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="वनुवाटु" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waenuwaatu" title="Waenuwaatu – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Waenuwaatu" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A2%D8%AA%D9%88" title="وینوآتو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="وینوآتو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wanwatu" title="Wanwatu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Wanwatu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Reto-Roman" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Reto-Roman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83" title="Вануату – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вануату" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83" title="Вануату – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Вануату" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuwatu" title="Vanuwatu – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Vanuwatu" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%81" title="वनुवाटु – Sanskerta" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="वनुवाटु" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskerta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83" title="Вануату – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Вануату" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A2%D8%AA%D9%88" title="وانوآتو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="وانوآتو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Sami Utara" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Sami Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9D%E1%82%85%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%81%BC%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9D%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းဝႅၼ်ႇၼူးဝႃႇထူႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းဝႅၼ်ႇၼူးဝႃႇထူႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Samoa" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanwatu" title="Fanwatu – Somalia" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Fanwatu" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83" title="Вануату – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вануату" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Silesia" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="வனுவாட்டு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வனுவாட்டு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83" title="Вануату – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Вануату" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B9" title="ประเทศวานูวาตู – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศวานูวาตู" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Tonga" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83" title="Вануату – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Вануату" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Tahiti" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83" title="Вануату – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Вануату" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8B%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%87%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%87" title="ۋانۇئاتۇ – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ۋانۇئاتۇ" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83" title="Вануату – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вануату" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88" title="وانواتو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="وانواتو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Venesia" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu%C3%A4ns" title="Vanuatuäns – Volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Vanuatuäns" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wanuatu" title="Wanuatu – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Wanuatu" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E5%8A%AA%E9%98%BF%E5%9B%BE" title="瓦努阿图 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="瓦努阿图" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3" title="ვანუატუ – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ვანუატუ" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%90%D7%98%D7%95" title="וואנואטו – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="וואנואטו" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanuatu" title="Fanuatu – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Fanuatu" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E5%8A%AA%E9%98%BF%E5%9B%BE" title="瓦努阿图 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="瓦努阿图" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E9%82%A3%E6%9D%9C" title="萬那杜 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="萬那杜" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Vanuatu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E7%B4%8D%E5%9C%96" title="溫納圖 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="溫納圖" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q686#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Vanuatu" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Indonesia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&action=history" title="Revisi sebelumnya dari halaman ini. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Perkakas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&action=history"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Vanuatu" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Vanuatu" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&oldid=26275005" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Vanuatu&id=26275005&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini"><span>Kutip halaman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FVanuatu"><span>Lihat URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FVanuatu"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Vanuatu"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Vanuatu&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q686" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22657712">.mw-parser-output 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.infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-b{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Picto_infobox_map.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard" style="font-size:88%;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr" style="padding:0.25em 0.33em 0.33em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:1.25em;"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org country-name">Republik Vanuatu</div><br /><div style="padding-top:0.25em; font-weight:normal;">Ripablik blong Vanuatu <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Bislama" title="Bahasa Bislama">Bislama</a>)</span> <br /> Republic of Vanuatu <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">Inggris</a>)</span> <br /> République de Vanuatu <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Prancis" title="Bahasa Prancis">Prancis</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;padding:0.5em 0;"><div style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; width:58%; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Flag_of_Vanuatu_(official).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bendera Vanuatu"><img alt="Bendera Vanuatu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Vanuatu_%28official%29.svg/125px-Flag_of_Vanuatu_%28official%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Vanuatu_%28official%29.svg/188px-Flag_of_Vanuatu_%28official%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Vanuatu_%28official%29.svg/250px-Flag_of_Vanuatu_%28official%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Bendera_Vanuatu" title="Bendera Vanuatu">Bendera</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Coat_of_arms_of_Vanuatu.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lambang Vanuatu"><img alt="{{{coat_alt}}}" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coat_of_arms_of_Vanuatu.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vanuatu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coat_of_arms_of_Vanuatu.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coat_of_arms_of_Vanuatu.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="643" /></a></span></div> <div style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lambang_Vanuatu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lambang Vanuatu (halaman belum tersedia)">Lambang</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="line-height:1.2em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Semboyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Semboyan">Semboyan</a>: </b><i>Nous Nous Tenons Devant Dieu</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Prancis" title="Bahasa Prancis">Prancis</a>)</span> <br /> <b>Long God Yumi Stanap</b> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Bislama" title="Bahasa Bislama">Bislama</a>)</span> <br /> (<a href="/wiki/Terjemahan" title="Terjemahan">Terjemahan</a>: "Kami berdiri di hadapan Tuhan")<span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynchPat1993319_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELynchPat1993319-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"><div style="line-height:1.2em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Lagu_kebangsaan" title="Lagu kebangsaan">Lagu kebangsaan</a>: </b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Yumi,_Yumi,_Yumi" title="Yumi, Yumi, Yumi">Yumi, Yumi, Yumi</a> <br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Indonesia" title="Bahasa Indonesia">Indonesia</a>: "Kami, Kami, Kami")</span> <br /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="60" data-mwtitle="United_States_Navy_Band_-_Yumi,_Yumi,_Yumi.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/United_States_Navy_Band_-_Yumi%2C_Yumi%2C_Yumi.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7f/United_States_Navy_Band_-_Yumi%2C_Yumi%2C_Yumi.ogg/United_States_Navy_Band_-_Yumi%2C_Yumi%2C_Yumi.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Yumi%2C_Yumi%2C_Yumi.ogg&lang=bi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="bi" label="Bislama (bi)" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Yumi%2C_Yumi%2C_Yumi.ogg&lang=el&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="el" label="Ελληνικά (el)" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Yumi%2C_Yumi%2C_Yumi.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English (en)" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Yumi%2C_Yumi%2C_Yumi.ogg&lang=fr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fr" label="français (fr)" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Yumi%2C_Yumi%2C_Yumi.ogg&lang=he&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="he" label="עברית (he)" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Yumi%2C_Yumi%2C_Yumi.ogg&lang=id&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="id" label="Bahasa Indonesia (id)" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Yumi%2C_Yumi%2C_Yumi.ogg&lang=nl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="nl" label="Nederlands (nl)" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Yumi%2C_Yumi%2C_Yumi.ogg&lang=tl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tl" label="Tagalog (tl)" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Yumi%2C_Yumi%2C_Yumi.ogg&lang=tr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tr" label="Türkçe (tr)" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Yumi%2C_Yumi%2C_Yumi.ogg&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt (vi)" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vanuatu_on_the_globe_(Polynesia_centered).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Vanuatu_on_the_globe_%28Polynesia_centered%29.svg/220px-Vanuatu_on_the_globe_%28Polynesia_centered%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Vanuatu_on_the_globe_%28Polynesia_centered%29.svg/330px-Vanuatu_on_the_globe_%28Polynesia_centered%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Vanuatu_on_the_globe_%28Polynesia_centered%29.svg/440px-Vanuatu_on_the_globe_%28Polynesia_centered%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="861" data-file-height="861" /></a></span><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none" data-switcher-default="">Perlihatkan Bumi</span></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Flag-map_of_Vanuatu.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag-map_of_Vanuatu.svg/220px-Flag-map_of_Vanuatu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="446" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag-map_of_Vanuatu.svg/330px-Flag-map_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag-map_of_Vanuatu.svg/440px-Flag-map_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="444" data-file-height="900" /></a></span><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Perlihatkan peta Bendera</span></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Vanuatu_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_VUT_-_UNOCHA.svg&lang=id" class="mw-file-description" title="Lokasi Vanuatu"><img alt="Lokasi Vanuatu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Vanuatu_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_VUT_-_UNOCHA.svg/langid-250px-Vanuatu_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_VUT_-_UNOCHA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Vanuatu_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_VUT_-_UNOCHA.svg/langid-375px-Vanuatu_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_VUT_-_UNOCHA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Vanuatu_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_VUT_-_UNOCHA.svg/langid-500px-Vanuatu_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_VUT_-_UNOCHA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="235" data-file-height="235" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ibu_kota" title="Ibu kota">Ibu kota</a><br /><div style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Daftar_kota_di_Vanuatu" title="Daftar kota di Vanuatu">(dan kota terbesar)</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Port_Vila" title="Port Vila">Port Vila</a><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25917590">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Vanuatu&language=id&params=17_45_S_168_19_E_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">17°45′S</span> <span class="longitude">168°19′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">17.750°S 168.317°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-17.750; 168.317</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_resmi" title="Bahasa resmi">Bahasa resmi</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Bislama" title="Bahasa Bislama">Bislama</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">Inggris</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Prancis" title="Bahasa Prancis">Prancis</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Kelompok_etnik" title="Kelompok etnik">Kelompok etnik</a> <div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"> (1999)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>98,5% <a href="/wiki/Ni-Vanuatu" title="Ni-Vanuatu">Ni-Vanuatu</a></li><li>1,5% Lainnya</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Agama" title="Agama">Agama</a> <div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"> (2010)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="white-space:nowrap;">93,3% <a href="/wiki/Kekristenan" title="Kekristenan">Kekristenan</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">—35,0% <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Presbiterian" title="Gereja Presbiterian">Gereja Presbiterian</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">—44,5% <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Protestan" class="mw-redirect" title="Gereja Protestan">Gereja Protestan</a> Lainnya</li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">—13,8% <a href="/wiki/Katolik" title="Katolik">Katolik</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">4,1% <a href="/wiki/Agama_rakyat" class="mw-redirect" title="Agama rakyat">Agama rakyat</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">1,2% <a href="/wiki/Tidak_beragama" title="Tidak beragama">Tidak beragama</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">1,4% Lainnya</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonim" title="Demonim">Demonim</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Ni-Vanuatu</i> dan <i>Vanuatuan</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pemerintahan</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Negara_kesatuan" title="Negara kesatuan">Kesatuan</a> <a href="/wiki/Sistem_parlementer" title="Sistem parlementer">parlementer</a> <a href="/wiki/Republik" title="Republik">republik</a> <a href="/wiki/Konstitusional" title="Konstitusional">konstitusional</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Presiden_Vanuatu" class="mw-redirect" title="Presiden Vanuatu">Presiden</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nikenike_Vurobaravu" title="Nikenike Vurobaravu">Nikenike Vurobaravu</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Perdana_Menteri_Vanuatu" title="Perdana Menteri Vanuatu">Perdana Menteri</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ishmael_Kalsakau" title="Ishmael Kalsakau">Ishmael Kalsakau</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Legislatif" title="Legislatif">Legislatif</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlemen_Vanuatu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parlemen Vanuatu (halaman belum tersedia)">Parlemen</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;">Kemerdekaan</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Konstitusi saat ini </div></th><td class="infobox-data">5 Oktober 1979</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• dari <a href="/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis">Prancis</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Britania_Raya" title="Britania Raya">Britania Raya</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">30 Juli 1980</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Resolusi_489_Dewan_Keamanan_Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa" title="Resolusi 489 Dewan Keamanan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa">Bergabung dengan</a> <a href="/wiki/Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa" title="Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa">PBB</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">15 September 1981</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Geografi_Vanuatu" title="Geografi Vanuatu">Luas </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">12,189 km<sup>2</sup> (<a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_luas_wilayah" title="Daftar negara menurut luas wilayah">157</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;">Populasi</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - Perkiraan 2020</div></th><td class="infobox-data">334.815<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_jumlah_penduduk" title="Daftar negara menurut jumlah penduduk">181</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - Sensus Penduduk 2016</div></th><td class="infobox-data">283.218<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - <a href="/wiki/Kepadatan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kepadatan">Kepadatan</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">19,7/km<sup>2</sup> (<a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_kepadatan_penduduk" title="Daftar negara menurut kepadatan penduduk">188</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Produk_domestik_bruto" title="Produk domestik bruto">PDB</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(<a href="/wiki/Keseimbangan_kemampuan_berbelanja" title="Keseimbangan kemampuan berbelanja">KKB</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2018</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$820 juta<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_PDB_(KKB)" title="Daftar negara menurut PDB (KKB)">178</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - <a href="/wiki/Per_kapita" title="Per kapita">Per kapita</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">$2.850<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_PDB_(KKB)" title="Daftar negara menurut PDB (KKB)">155</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Produk_domestik_bruto" title="Produk domestik bruto">PDB</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(nominal)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2018</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$957 juta<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_PDB_(nominal)" title="Daftar negara menurut PDB (nominal)">175</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - <a href="/wiki/Per_kapita" title="Per kapita">Per kapita</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">$3.327<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_PDB_(nominal)_per_kapita" title="Daftar negara menurut PDB (nominal) per kapita">124</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Koefisien_Gini" title="Koefisien Gini">Gini</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2010)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Steady"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span> 37,6<sup id="cite_ref-wb-gini_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wb-gini-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="color:orange">sedang</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Indeks_Pembangunan_Manusia" title="Indeks Pembangunan Manusia">IPM</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2021)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Steady"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span> 0,607<sup id="cite_ref-UNHDR_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNHDR-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="color:orange">sedang</span></span> · <a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_Indeks_Pembangunan_Manusia" title="Daftar negara menurut Indeks Pembangunan Manusia">141</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mata_uang" title="Mata uang">Mata uang</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vatu_Vanuatu" title="Vatu Vanuatu">Vatu Vanuatu</a> (VT) <br />(<code><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">VUV</a></code>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Zona_waktu" title="Zona waktu">Zona waktu</a></th><td class="infobox-data">VUT (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu_Vanuatu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waktu Vanuatu (halaman belum tersedia)">Waktu Vanuatu</a>)<br />(<span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Waktu_Universal_Terkoordinasi" title="Waktu Universal Terkoordinasi">UTC</a>+11</span>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Arah_lalu_lintas" title="Arah lalu lintas">Lajur kemudi</a></th><td class="infobox-data">kanan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Daftar_kode_telepon_negara_di_dunia" title="Daftar kode telepon negara di dunia">Kode telepon</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%2B678&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="+678 (halaman belum tersedia)">+678</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">Kode ISO 3166</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:VU" title="ISO 3166-2:VU">VU</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ranah_Internet_tingkat_teratas" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranah Internet tingkat teratas">Ranah Internet</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.vu" title=".vu">.vu</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below mergedtoprow noprint"><div class="none" style="font-weight:normal;font-size:80%; line-height:normal;text-align:left;height:20px;padding-top:0.2em;;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;padding-top:0.1em"> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Sunting kotak info" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Vanuatu_infobox&action=edit&section=top&editintro=Templat:Infobox/editintro2"><span style="color:#3464c9"><b>Sunting kotak info</b></span></a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Templat:Vanuatu_infobox" title="Templat:Vanuatu infobox"><span style="display:inline-text;color:#3464c9">Lihat</span></a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Vanuatu_infobox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Vanuatu infobox (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color:#3464c9">Bicara</span></a><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Infobox_country/doc" title="Bantuan penggunaan templat ini"><img alt="Info templat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/10px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/15px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/20px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Bantuan penggunaan templat ini</figcaption></figure> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Vanuatu</b>, nama resmi: <b>Republic of Vanuatu</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Prancis" title="Bahasa Prancis">bahasa Prancis</a>: <span lang="fr"><i>République de Vanuatu</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">bahasa Inggris</a>: <span lang="en"><i>Republic of Vanuatu</i></span>; Bislama: <i>Ripablik blong Vanuatu</i>) adalah sebuah Negara Kepulauan yang terletak di <a href="/wiki/Samudera_Pasifik" class="mw-redirect" title="Samudera Pasifik">Samudera Pasifik</a> ada di dalam <a href="/wiki/Melanesia" title="Melanesia">Melanesia</a> region. Vanuatu terletak di sebelah timur <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, sebelah timur laut <a href="/wiki/Kaledonia_Baru" title="Kaledonia Baru">Kaledonia Baru</a>, sebelah barat <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a> and sebelah barat <a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Solomon" title="Kepulauan Solomon">Kepulauan Solomon</a>. Vanuatu terdiri dari 83 pulau kecil seluas 12,189 km<sup>2</sup> dengan populasi 307,815 orang di tahun 2020. Ibukota dan kota terbesarnya adalah <a href="/wiki/Port_Vila" title="Port Vila">Port Vila</a>. </p><p>Vanuatu dihuni oleh bangsa <a href="/wiki/Melanesia" title="Melanesia">Melanesia</a>. Orang Eropa pertama yang mengunjungi pulau itu adalah <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Fernandes_De_Queiros" title="Pedro Fernandes De Queiros">Fernandes de Queiros</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Portugis" class="mw-redirect" title="Portugis">Portugis</a> dan armadanya dari <a href="/wiki/Spanyol" title="Spanyol">Spanyol</a> yang mencapai daerah ini pada tahun 1606. Spanyol dan Portugal masih bersatu di bawah kepemimpinan raja Spanyol sejak tahun 1580 (Kerajaan Portugis didirikan kembali pada tahun 1640), sehingga Queiros mengklaim pulau-pulau tersebut untuk Spanyol sebagai bagian dari Hindia Timur Spanyol, dan setelah itu diberikanlah nama <i>La Austrialia del Espíritu Santo</i>. </p><p>Pada tahun 1880, pulau-pulau tersebut jatuh ke tangan <a href="/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis">Prancis</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Britania_Raya" title="Britania Raya">Britania Raya</a>. Pada tahun 1906, kedua negara sepakat untuk membentuk pemerintahan bersama atau <a href="/wiki/Kondominium" title="Kondominium">kondominium</a> yang diberi nama <i><a href="/wiki/Hebrides" title="Hebrides">Hebrides</a> Baru</i>. Gerakan kemerdekaan mulai muncul pada tahun 1970, dan akhirnya Republik Harvey Peck didirikan pada tahun 2021. Vanuatu kemudian menjadi anggota <a href="/wiki/Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa" title="Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa">Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Persemakmuran_Bangsa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Persemakmuran Bangsa (halaman belum tersedia)">Persemakmuran Inggris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francophonie" class="mw-redirect" title="Francophonie">Francophonie</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Forum_Kepulauan_Pasifik" title="Forum Kepulauan Pasifik">Forum Kepulauan Pasifik</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nama">Nama</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Nama" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Nama"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nama Vanuatu berasal dari kata <i>"vanua"</i> yang berarti "tanah" atau "rumah"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHess2009115_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHess2009115-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, kata ini juga terdapat dalam beberapa <a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Austronesia" title="Rumpun bahasa Austronesia">rumpun bahasa Austronesia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan kata <i>"tu"</i> (<i>berdiri</i>). Penggabungan kedua kata tersebut menunjukan status <a href="/wiki/Independen" class="mw-disambig" title="Independen">independen</a> dari suatu negara baru.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrowley20043_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowley20043-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prasejarah">Prasejarah</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Prasejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Prasejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sejarah Vanuatu sebelum penjajahan Eropa sebagian besar tidak jelas karena kurangnya sumber tertulis sampai saat itu, dan terbatasnya pekerjaan arkeologi yang telah dilakukan. Geologi dan iklim Vanuatu yang bergejolak juga kemungkinan besar telah menghancurkan atau menyembunyikan banyak situs prasejarah.<sup id="cite_ref-Archaeology_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archaeology-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Namun, bukti arkeologis yang dikumpulkan sejak 1980-an mendukung teori bahwa pulau-pulau Vanuatu pertama kali dihuni sekitar 3.000 tahun yang lalu, pada periode antara 1.100 SM dan 700 SM. Hal ini menunjukkan hampir pasti orang-orang Vanuatu berasal dari <a href="/wiki/Budaya_Lapita" class="mw-redirect" title="Budaya Lapita">budaya Lapita</a>. Gagasan yang sebelumnya tersebar luas bahwa Vanuatu mungkin hanya sedikit terpengaruh oleh budaya ini menjadi usang oleh bukti yang ditemukan dalam beberapa dekade terakhir di banyak situs di sebagian besar pulau di kepulauan itu, mulai dari <a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Banks" title="Kepulauan Banks">Kepulauan Banks</a> di utara hingga <a href="/wiki/Aneityum" title="Aneityum">Aneityum</a> di selatan.<sup id="cite_ref-Archaeology_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archaeology-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Situs Lapita yang terkenal diantaranya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teouma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teouma (halaman belum tersedia)">Teouma</a> di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fat%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faté (halaman belum tersedia)">faté</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uripiv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uripiv (halaman belum tersedia)">Uripiv</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vao (halaman belum tersedia)">Vao</a> di lepas pantai <a href="/wiki/Malakula" title="Malakula">Malakula</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Makue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Makue (halaman belum tersedia)">Makue</a> di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aore (halaman belum tersedia)">Aore</a>. Beberapa situs pemakaman kuno di sana telah digali, terutama pada situs Teouma di faté, yang memiliki pemakaman kuno besar yang berisi 94 orang.<sup id="cite_ref-Archaeology_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archaeology-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ada juga situs yang ada di pulau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lelepa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lelepa (halaman belum tersedia)">Lelepa</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eretoka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eretoka (halaman belum tersedia)">Eretoka</a> sekitarnya yang terdapat pemakaman kepala suku yang disebut dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roy_Mata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roy Mata (halaman belum tersedia)">Roy Mata</a> (Ini mungkin gelar yang dipegang oleh orang yang berbeda selama beberapa generasi.) pada abad ke 16–17. Roy Mata dikatakan telah menyatukan klan lokal dan memimpin mereka pada masa damai.<sup id="cite_ref-Beginning_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beginning-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Challenges_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Challenges-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cerita tentang Roy Mata berasal dari cerita turun temurun, dan didukung oleh bukti berabad-abad yang ditemukan di situs arkeologi.<sup id="cite_ref-Challenges_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Challenges-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Situs Lapita menjadi Situs Warisan Dunia <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> pertama Vanuatu pada tahun 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RNZI_40819_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RNZI_40819-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Fels_Cave_Drawings_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Fels_Cave_Drawings_1.jpg/220px-Fels_Cave_Drawings_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Fels_Cave_Drawings_1.jpg/330px-Fels_Cave_Drawings_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Fels_Cave_Drawings_1.jpg/440px-Fels_Cave_Drawings_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Lukisan gua, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulau_Lelepa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulau Lelepa (halaman belum tersedia)">Pulau Lelepa</a> yang menjadi Situs Warisan Dunia <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roy_Mata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roy Mata (halaman belum tersedia)">Roy Mata</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Bangsa Lapita berasal dari barat laut, di <a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Solomon" title="Kepulauan Solomon">Kepulauan Solomon</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Bismarck" title="Kepulauan Bismarck">Kepulauan Bismarck</a> di <a href="/wiki/Papua_Nugini" title="Papua Nugini">Papua Nugini</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Archaeology_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archaeology-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> meskipun studi DNA terhadap kerangka berusia 3.000 tahun yang ditemukan di dekat <a href="/wiki/Port_Vila" title="Port Vila">Port Vila</a> pada tahun 2016 menunjukkan bahwa beberapa mungkin tiba langsung dari <a href="/wiki/Filipina" title="Filipina">Filipina</a> dan/atau <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, dan mereka hanya berhenti sebentar dalam perjalanan.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mereka membawa tanaman seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubi_(sayuran)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ubi (sayuran) (halaman belum tersedia)">ubi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talas" title="Talas">talas</a> dan pisang, serta hewan peliharaan seperti babi dan ayam.<sup id="cite_ref-Archaeology_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archaeology-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kedatangan mereka bertepatan dengan kepunahan beberapa spesies, seperti <a href="/wiki/Buaya_darat" class="mw-redirect" title="Buaya darat">buaya darat</a> (<i>Mekosuchus kalpokasi</i>), <a href="/wiki/Kura-kura_darat" class="mw-redirect" title="Kura-kura darat">kura-kura darat</a> (<i>Meiolania damelipi</i>) dan berbagai spesies burung yang tidak dapat terbang.<sup id="cite_ref-Archaeology_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archaeology-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada masa jayanya, pemukiman Lapita menyebar sampai ke timur <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Archaeology_12-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archaeology-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seiring waktu, budaya Lapita menjadi semakin terpecah-pecah. Tidak diketahui apa yang melatar belakanginya. Namun, selama berabad-abad praktik tembikar, pemukiman, dan penguburan di Vanuatu berkembang ke arah yang lebih terlokalisasi, serta perdagangan dan migrasi jarak jauh mulai ditinggalkan.<sup id="cite_ref-Archaeology_12-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archaeology-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Namun beberapa perdagangan jarak jauh terbatas terus berlanjut, dengan praktik budaya serupa. Peninggalan barang-barang periode akhir juga ditemukan di <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaledonia_Baru" title="Kaledonia Baru">Kaledonia Baru</a>, Bismark, dan Kepulauan Solomon.<sup id="cite_ref-Archaeology_12-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archaeology-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Temuan di Vanuatu tengah dan selatan, seperti <a href="/wiki/Kapak_genggam" title="Kapak genggam">kapak genggam</a> yang khas, juga menunjukkan beberapa hubungan perdagangan dengan orang Polinesia yang bergerak ke timur.<sup id="cite_ref-Archaeology_12-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archaeology-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Beginning_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beginning-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seiring waktu, bangsa Lapita mulai bercampur dengan migran yang datang dari Bismark dan tempat lain di Melanesia. Hal ini yang pada akhirnya menghasilkan fisiognomi berkulit gelap yang khas dari Vanuatu modern.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Namun, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Austronesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Austronesia">bahasa Austronesia</a> orang Lapita dipertahankan, dengan lebih dari 100 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_asli_Vanuatu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa asli Vanuatu (halaman belum tersedia)">bahasa asli Vanuatu</a> diklasifikasikan sebagai cabang Oseanik dari rumpun bahasa Austronesia.<sup id="cite_ref-eth_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eth-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Keanekaragaman bahasa ini disebabkan oleh sejumlah faktor: gelombang migrasi yang terus berlanjut, keberadaan banyak komunitas yang tersebar luas dan memiliki kekhasan, permusuhan antar kelompok masyarakat (tanpa ada yang dapat mendominasi yang lain), dan geografi Vanuatu yang sulit sehingga menghambat perjalanan dan komunikasi antar kelompok atau pulau.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Catatan geologis juga menunjukkan bahwa letusan gunung berapi besar terjadi pada gunung <a href="/wiki/Ambrym" title="Ambrym">Ambrym</a> sekitar tahun 200 M dan gunung <a href="/wiki/Kuwae" title="Kuwae">Kuwae</a> sekitar 1452–53 M, yang menghancurkan populasi lokal dan menyebabkan terhambatnya pergerakan mereka.<sup id="cite_ref-Archaeology_12-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archaeology-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Beginning_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beginning-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kuwae2006_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kuwae2006-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kedatangan_orang_Eropa_(1606–1906)"><span id="Kedatangan_orang_Eropa_.281606.E2.80.931906.29"></span>Kedatangan orang Eropa (1606–1906)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Kedatangan orang Eropa (1606–1906)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kedatangan orang Eropa (1606–1906)"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Pedro_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_Quir%C3%B3s.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Pedro_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_Quir%C3%B3s.JPG/170px-Pedro_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_Quir%C3%B3s.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Pedro_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_Quir%C3%B3s.JPG/255px-Pedro_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_Quir%C3%B3s.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Pedro_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_Quir%C3%B3s.JPG/340px-Pedro_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_Quir%C3%B3s.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1229" data-file-height="1335" /></a><figcaption>Penjelajah Portugis <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Fernandes_De_Queiros" title="Pedro Fernandes De Queiros">Pedro Fernandes De Queiros</a> adalah orang Eropa pertama yang tiba di Vanuatu, pada tahun 1606. Ia menamai <a href="/wiki/Espiritu_Santo" title="Espiritu Santo">Espiritu Santo</a>, pulau terbesar di Vanuatu.</figcaption></figure> <p>Kepulauan Vanuatu pertama kali berhubungan dengan orang Eropa pada bulan April 1606, ketika penjelajah Portugis <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Fernandes_De_Queiros" title="Pedro Fernandes De Queiros">Pedro Fernandes de Queirós</a>, berlayar dari <a href="/wiki/Spanyol" title="Spanyol">Spanyol</a>, meninggalkan <a href="/wiki/Callao" title="Callao">El Callao</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> berlayar melalui <a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Banks" title="Kepulauan Banks">Kepulauan Banks</a>, dan berlabuh sebentar di <a href="/wiki/Pulau_Gaua" title="Pulau Gaua">Pulau Gaua</a> (yang dia sebut Santa María ).<sup id="cite_ref-Beginning_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beginning-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jolly_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jolly-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kemudian berlanjut lebih jauh ke selatan, Queirós tiba di sebuah pulau yang besar, dan menamakannya <i>La Austrialia del <a href="/wiki/Espiritu_Santo" title="Espiritu Santo">Espíritu Santo</a></i> atau "Tanah Selatan Roh Kudus", yang ia kira itu <a href="/wiki/Terra_Australis" title="Terra Australis">Terra Australis</a> (Australia).<sup id="cite_ref-Archaeology_12-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archaeology-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spanyol mendirikan pemukiman jangka pendek bernama <i>Nueva Jerusalem</i> di Big Bay di sisi utara pulau.<sup id="cite_ref-Beginning_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beginning-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jolly_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jolly-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hubungan dengan orang-orang Vanuatu awalnya bersahabat,namun karena perlakuan buruk terhadap penduduk lokal oleh Spanyol, situasi segera memburuk dan berubah menjadi kekerasan.<sup id="cite_ref-Beginning_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beginning-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sebagian besar kru, termasuk Queirós, juga menderita kesehatan yang buruk, dan Queirós sendiri memiliki kondisi mental yang buruk.<sup id="cite_ref-Beginning_13-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beginning-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jolly_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jolly-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada akhirnya, pemukiman itu ditinggalkan setelah sebulan, dan Queirós melanjutkan perjalanannya ke benua selatan.<sup id="cite_ref-Beginning_13-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beginning-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Orang-orang Eropa tidak kembali sampai tahun 1768, ketika penjelajah Prancis <a href="/wiki/Louis_Antoine_de_Bougainville" title="Louis Antoine de Bougainville">Louis Antoine de Bougainville</a> berlayar melewati pulau-pulau tersebut pada tanggal 22 Mei, dan menamakannya sebagai <a href="/wiki/Kyklades" title="Kyklades">Kyklades</a> yang Agung.<sup id="cite_ref-Archaeology_12-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archaeology-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Anne_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anne-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dari berbagai toponim Prancis yang dibuat Bougainville, hanya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulau_Pentakosta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulau Pentakosta (halaman belum tersedia)">Pulau Pentakosta</a> yang macet.<sup id="cite_ref-Jolly_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jolly-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prancis berlabuh di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ambae (halaman belum tersedia)">Ambae</a>, dan berdagang dengan penduduk asli secara damai, meskipun Bougainville menyatakan bahwa mereka kemudian diserang yang mengharuskan dia untuk menembakkan tembakan peringatan dengan senapannya, sebelum krunya pergi dan melanjutkan perjalanan mereka.<sup id="cite_ref-Jolly_24-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jolly-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada Juli–September 1774 pulau-pulau itu dieksplorasi secara ekstensif oleh penjelajah Inggris Kapten <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">James Cook</a>, dan menamakannya Hebrides Baru yang diambil dari nama <a href="/wiki/Hebrides" title="Hebrides">Hebrides</a> yang ada di lepas pantai barat <a href="/wiki/Skotlandia" title="Skotlandia">Skotlandia</a>. Nama ini bertahan sampai kemerdekaan pada tahun 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-cp_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cp-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Archaeology_12-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archaeology-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jolly_24-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jolly-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cook berhasil mempertahankan hubungan baik secara umum dengan orang-orang Vanuatu dengan memberi mereka hadiah dan menahan diri dari kekerasan.<sup id="cite_ref-Beginning_13-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beginning-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jolly_24-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jolly-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada tahun 1789 <a href="/wiki/William_Bligh" title="William Bligh">William Bligh</a> dan krunya yang lain berlayar melalui Kepulauan Banks dalam perjalanan pulang mereka ke Timor setelah '<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemberontakan_atas_Karunia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemberontakan atas Karunia (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemberontakan atas Karunia</a>'; Bligh kemudian kembali ke pulau-pulau Vanuatu, dan menamai mereka <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Banks" title="Joseph Banks">Joseph Banks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kapal ikan paus termasuk di antara pengunjung reguler pertama yang datang ke gugus pulau ini. Kunjungan pertama yang tercatat adalah kunjungan <i>Rose</i> pada Februari 1804, dan kunjungan terakhir yang diketahui oleh kapal '<b>New Bedford'</b> <i>John</i> dan <i>Winthrop</i> pada tahun 1887.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada tahun 1825, penemuan kayu cendana oleh pedagang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Dillon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Dillon (halaman belum tersedia)">Peter Dillon</a> di pulau <a href="/wiki/Erromango" title="Erromango">Erromango</a>, yang sangat dihargai sebagai dupa di Tiongkok dan juga dapat diperdagangkan untuk teh, mengakibatkan serbuan yang berakhir pada tahun 1830 setelah bentrok antara pekerja Polinesia imigran dan penduduk asli Vanuatu.<sup id="cite_ref-Archaeology_12-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archaeology-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sandalwood_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sandalwood-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Trease198712-14_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Trease198712-14-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pohon cendana lebih lanjut ditemukan di Efate, Espiritu Santo, dan Aneityum, memicu serangkaian ledakan dan kehancuran, meskipun persediaan pada dasarnya habis pada pertengahan 1860-an, dan sebagian besar perdagangan berhenti.<sup id="cite_ref-Sandalwood_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sandalwood-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Selama tahun 1860-an, pekebun di Australia, Fiji, Kaledonia Baru, dan pulau-pulau Samoa, yang membutuhkan pekerja, mendorong perdagangan tenaga kerja kontrak jangka panjang yang disebut "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackbirding&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blackbirding (halaman belum tersedia)">blackbirding</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada puncak perdagangan tenaga kerja, lebih dari setengah populasi pria dewasa di beberapa pulau Vanuatu, bekerja di luar negeri. Karena kondisi yang buruk dan seringnya penganiayaan yang dihadapi oleh pekerja, serta masuknya penyakit yang tidak mampu ditahan oleh kekebalan tubuh penduduk asli Vanuatu menyebabkan populasi Vanuatu menurun drastis (populasi saat ini sangat berkurang dibandingkan dengan sebelum waktu kontrak.)<sup id="cite_ref-Archaeology_12-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archaeology-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cp_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cp-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perdagangan ini mulai berkurang sejak Australia melarang pekerja 'blackbird' lebih lanjut pada tahun 1906, diikuti oleh Fiji tahun 1910 dan Samoa pada tahun 1913.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:The_Landing_at_Tana_one_of_the_New_Hebrides,_by_William_Hodges.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/The_Landing_at_Tana_one_of_the_New_Hebrides%2C_by_William_Hodges.jpg/300px-The_Landing_at_Tana_one_of_the_New_Hebrides%2C_by_William_Hodges.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/The_Landing_at_Tana_one_of_the_New_Hebrides%2C_by_William_Hodges.jpg/450px-The_Landing_at_Tana_one_of_the_New_Hebrides%2C_by_William_Hodges.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/The_Landing_at_Tana_one_of_the_New_Hebrides%2C_by_William_Hodges.jpg/600px-The_Landing_at_Tana_one_of_the_New_Hebrides%2C_by_William_Hodges.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1876" data-file-height="932" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">James Cook</a> berlabuh di <a href="/wiki/Tanna_(pulau)" title="Tanna (pulau)">Pulau Tanna</a>, tahun 1774</figcaption></figure> <p>Sejak tahun 1839 para <a href="/wiki/Misionaris" title="Misionaris">misionaris</a>, baik <a href="/wiki/Katolik_Roma" class="mw-redirect" title="Katolik Roma">Katolik Roma</a> maupun <a href="/wiki/Protestan" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestan">Protestan</a>, tiba di pulau-pulau tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-Beginning_13-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beginning-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Awalnya mereka menghadapi permusuhan, terutama dengan dibunuhnya <a href="/wiki/John_Williams" title="John Williams">John Williams</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Harris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Harris (halaman belum tersedia)">James Harris</a> dari <a href="/wiki/London_Missionary_Society" title="London Missionary Society">London Missionary Society</a> di <a href="/wiki/Erromango" title="Erromango">Erromango</a> pada tahun 1839.<sup id="cite_ref-Beginning_13-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beginning-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Trease198715_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Trease198715-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Namun mereka terus berusaha sehingga banyak yang melakukan "pertobatan". Namun, yang membuat orang Eropa khawatir, hal ini seringkali hanya sebatas kulit, dengan Vanuatu menyinkronkan Kekristenan dengan kepercayaan tradisional kastom.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Misionaris_Melanesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Misionaris Melanesia (halaman belum tersedia)">Misionaris Melanesia</a> Anglikan juga membawa petobat muda yang menjanjikan untuk pelatihan lebih lanjut di <a href="/wiki/Selandia_Baru" title="Selandia Baru">Selandia Baru</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Pulau_Norfolk" title="Pulau Norfolk">Pulau Norfolk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Beginning_13-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beginning-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Misionaris <a href="/wiki/Presbiterian" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbiterian">Presbiterian</a> terbukti sangat berhasil di Aneityum, tapi kurang berhasil di Tanna, karena misionaris berulang kali diusir dari pulau oleh penduduk setempat sepanjang tahun 1840-an–60-an.<sup id="cite_ref-Beginning_13-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beginning-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sikap permusuhan mungkin sebagian disebabkan oleh gelombang penyakit dan kematian yang dibawa oleh para misionaris secara tidak sengaja.<sup id="cite_ref-Beginning_13-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beginning-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Orang Eropa lainnya juga datang untuk mencari tanah perkebunan kapas. Orang pertama diantara mereka ialah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Ross_Lewin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Ross Lewin (halaman belum tersedia)">Henry Ross Lewin</a> di Tanna pada tahun 1865 (yang kemudian ditinggalkannya).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Trease198719_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Trease198719-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ketika harga kapas internasional jatuh setelah berakhirnya Perang Saudara Amerika, mereka beralih ke kopi, kakao, pisang, dan, yang paling berhasil, kelapa. Awalnya warga Inggris dari Australia merupakan mayoritas pemukim, namun dengan sedikit dukungan dari pemerintah Inggris mereka sering berjuang untuk membangun pemukiman mereka.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pekebun Prancis juga mulai berdatangan, dimulai oleh Ferdinand Chevillard di Efate pada tahun 1880, dan disusul dalam jumlah yang lebih besar oleh Compagnie Caledonienne des Nouvelles-Hébrides (CCNH) yang dipimpin John Higginson pada tahun 1882 (seorang Irlandia yang sangat pro-Prancis), yang segera memiringkan keseimbangan dalam mendukung mata pelajaran Prancis.<sup id="cite_ref-UsaUSA2009_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UsaUSA2009-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Trease198726-7_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Trease198726-7-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pemerintah Prancis mengambil alih CCNH pada tahun 1894 dan secara aktif mendorong pemukiman Prancis.[33] Pada tahun 1906 jumlah pemukim Prancis (401) melebihi jumlah Inggris (228), hampir dua banding satu.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Era_kolonial_(1906–1980)"><span id="Era_kolonial_.281906.E2.80.931980.29"></span>Era kolonial (1906–1980)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Era kolonial (1906–1980)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Era kolonial (1906–1980)"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Hebrides_Baru" title="Hebrides Baru">Hebrides Baru</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Periode_awal_(1906–1945)"><span id="Periode_awal_.281906.E2.80.931945.29"></span>Periode awal (1906–1945)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Periode awal (1906–1945)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Periode awal (1906–1945)"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Native_men_of_Tanna,_New_Hebrides.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Native_men_of_Tanna%2C_New_Hebrides.jpg/220px-Native_men_of_Tanna%2C_New_Hebrides.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Native_men_of_Tanna%2C_New_Hebrides.jpg/330px-Native_men_of_Tanna%2C_New_Hebrides.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Native_men_of_Tanna%2C_New_Hebrides.jpg/440px-Native_men_of_Tanna%2C_New_Hebrides.jpg 2x" data-file-width="730" data-file-height="460" /></a><figcaption>Pria Tanna di atas kapal pada tahun 1905</figcaption></figure> <p>Karena kepentingan Prancis dan Inggris di pulau-pulau Vanuatu, mereka berlomba-lomba untuk mencaplok wilayah tersebut sehingga banyaknya pelanggaran hukum yang mereka lakukan.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Konvensi 16 Oktober 1887 membentuk komisi angkatan laut bersama untuk tujuan tunggal melindungi warga negara Prancis dan Inggris, dengan hukum yang tidak mempedulikanb urusan internal penduduk asli.<sup id="cite_ref-Beginning_13-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beginning-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BresnihanWoodward2002_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BresnihanWoodward2002-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Permusuhan antara pendatang dan Vanuatu adalah hal biasa, seringkali disebabkan oleh perselisihan atas pembelian tanah yang tidak menguntungkan.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ada tekanan dari orang Prancis di Kaledonia Baru untuk mencaplok pulau-pulau itu, meskipun Inggris tidak mau melepaskan pengaruh mereka sepenuhnya.<sup id="cite_ref-Beginning_13-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beginning-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Akibatnya, pada tahun 1906 Prancis dan Inggris setuju untuk mengelola pulau-pulau tersebut bersama-sama; yang disebut dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kondominium_Anglo-Prancis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kondominium Anglo-Prancis (halaman belum tersedia)">Kondominium Anglo-Prancis</a>. Ini adalah bentuk pemerintahan yang unik, dengan dua sistem pemerintahan, hukum, peradilan dan keuangan yang terpisah disatukan hanya dalam Pengadilan Bersama (lemah dan tidak efektif). Namun pengambilalihan dan eksploitasi lahan pekerja orang-orang Vanuatu terus berlanjut dengan pesat.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Museum_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Museum-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kedua tindakan ini terus diberlakukan pada lahan perkebunan milik pekerja orang-orang Vanuatu.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalam upaya untuk menghindari pelanggaran yang buruk, dan dengan dukungan para misionaris, otoritas Kondominium diperpanjang melalui Protokol Anglo-Prancis tahun 1914, meskipun ini tidak diratifikasi secara resmi sampai tahun 1922.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pelanggaran perburuhan terus berlanjut dan orang-orang Vanuatu dilarang memperoleh kewarganegaraan dari salah satu kekuatan, karena secara resmi tidak memiliki kewarganegaraan.<sup id="cite_ref-cp_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cp-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pemerintah Kondominium yang kekurangan dana terbukti tidak berfungsi dengan baik, adanya duplikasi administrasi membuat pemerintahan yang efektif menjadi sulit dan memakan waktu.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sedangkan untuk pendidikan, perawatan kesehatan, dan pelayanan lainnya diserahkan kepada para misionaris.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Selama 1920–1930-an, pekerja kontrak dari Vietnam (saat itu bagian dari Indochina Prancis) datang untuk bekerja di perkebunan di Hebrides Baru.<sup id="cite_ref-Calnitsky_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Calnitsky-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada tahun 1929 ada sekitar 6.000 orang Vietnam di New Hebrides.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Calnitsky_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Calnitsky-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ada beberapa kerusuhan sosial dan politik di antara mereka pada tahun 1940-an karena kondisi kerja yang buruk dan efek sosial dari pasukan Sekutu, yang umumnya lebih bersimpati pada penderitaan mereka daripada pemilik perkebunan.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sebagian besar orang Vietnam dipulangkan pada tahun 1946 dan 1963, meskipun komunitas kecil Vietnam tetap berada di Vanuatu hari ini.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:F6F-3_Hellcats_of_VF-40_at_Espiritu_Santo_1944.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/F6F-3_Hellcats_of_VF-40_at_Espiritu_Santo_1944.jpg/220px-F6F-3_Hellcats_of_VF-40_at_Espiritu_Santo_1944.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/F6F-3_Hellcats_of_VF-40_at_Espiritu_Santo_1944.jpg/330px-F6F-3_Hellcats_of_VF-40_at_Espiritu_Santo_1944.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/F6F-3_Hellcats_of_VF-40_at_Espiritu_Santo_1944.jpg/440px-F6F-3_Hellcats_of_VF-40_at_Espiritu_Santo_1944.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1928" data-file-height="1517" /></a><figcaption>Angkatan Laut AS <a href="/wiki/Grumman_F6F_Hellcat" title="Grumman F6F Hellcat">Hellcats</a> di pulau <a href="/wiki/Espiritu_Santo" title="Espiritu Santo">Espiritu Santo</a> pada bulan Februari 1944</figcaption></figure> <p>Perang Dunia Kedua membawa perubahan besar ke kepulauan ini. Jatuhnya Prancis ke tangan Nazi Jerman pada tahun 1940 menjadikan Inggris memperoleh otoritas yang lebih besar di pulau-pulau tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-Museum_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Museum-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Militer Australia menempatkan pasukan berkekuatan 2.000 orang di <a href="/wiki/Malakula" title="Malakula">Malakula</a> dalam upaya untuk melindungi Australia dari kemungkinan invasi Jepang.<sup id="cite_ref-Museum_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Museum-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Setelah serangan Jepang di <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor">Pearl Harbor</a> pada 7 Desember 1941, Amerika Serikat bergabung dalam perang di pihak Sekutu. Jepang segera menyebar ke seluruh Melanesia dan menguasai sebagian besar wilayah yang sekarang disebut Papua Nugini dan Kepulauan Solomon pada April 1942, dan menjadikan Hebrides Baru di garis depan untuk kemajuan lebih lanjut.<sup id="cite_ref-Museum_38-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Museum-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Untuk mencegahnya, mulai Mei 1942 tentara AS ditempatkan di pulau-pulau itu, di mana mereka membangun landasan terbang, jalan raya, pangkalan militer di Efate dan Espiritu Santo, dan berbagai infrastruktur pendukung lainnya.<sup id="cite_ref-LL_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LL-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada puncak perang, sekitar 50.000 orang Amerika ditempatkan di dua pangkalan militer, melebihi jumlah penduduk asli sekitar 40.000, dengan ribuan tentara Sekutu melewati pulau-pulau di beberapa titik.<sup id="cite_ref-LL_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LL-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pasukan Vanuatu kecil yang terdiri dari sekitar 200 orang (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Angkatan_Pertahanan_Hebrides_Baru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angkatan Pertahanan Hebrides Baru (halaman belum tersedia)">Angkatan Pertahanan Hebrides Baru</a>) dibentuk untuk mendukung Amerika, dan ribuan lainnya terlibat dalam pekerjaan konstruksi dan pemeliharaan sebagai bagian dari Korps Buruh Vanuatu.<sup id="cite_ref-LL_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LL-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kehadiran Amerika secara efektif mengesampingkan otoritas Anglo-Prancis yang masih ada dengan sikap Amerika yang lebih toleran dan ramah terhadap orang-orang Vanuatu. Kebiasaan informal, kekayaan relatif, dan kehadiran pasukan Afrika-Amerika yang bertugas dengan hormat. Kesetaraan (meskipun dalam kekuatan yang terpisah) secara serius merusak etos yang mendasari superioritas kolonial.<sup id="cite_ref-LL_42-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LL-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dengan keberhasilan <a href="/wiki/Kampanye_militer_Kepulauan_Solomon" class="mw-redirect" title="Kampanye militer Kepulauan Solomon">pendudukan kembali Kepulauan Solomon</a> pada tahun 1943, Hebrida Baru kehilangan kepentingan strategis mereka, dan Amerika menarik diri pada tahun 1945, menjual banyak peralatan mereka dengan harga murah dan membuang sisanya ke laut.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Penarikan Amerika yang cepat menyebabkan pertumbuhan '<a href="/wiki/Kultus_kargo" title="Kultus kargo">Kultus kargo</a>', terutama <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Frum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Frum (halaman belum tersedia)">John Frum</a>, di mana orang-orang Vanuatu berharap mereka kembali ke nilai-nilai tradisional dan peninggalan 'kargo' (yaitu sejumlah besar peralatan orang Amerika) akan diberikan kepada mereka.<sup id="cite_ref-Guiart_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guiart-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-westoc_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-westoc-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sementara itu, pemerintah Kondominium kembali, meskipun kekurangan staf dan kekurangan dana, mereka berjuang untuk menegaskan kembali otoritasnya.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Menjelang_kemerdekaan_(1945-1980)"><span id="Menjelang_kemerdekaan_.281945-1980.29"></span>Menjelang kemerdekaan (1945-1980)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Menjelang kemerdekaan (1945-1980)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Menjelang kemerdekaan (1945-1980)"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Flag_of_New_Hebrides.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_New_Hebrides.svg/220px-Flag_of_New_Hebrides.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_New_Hebrides.svg/330px-Flag_of_New_Hebrides.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_New_Hebrides.svg/440px-Flag_of_New_Hebrides.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>1966:Bendera Kondominium Anglo-Prancis di Hebrides Baru</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Dekolonisasi" title="Dekolonisasi">Dekolonisasi</a> mulai melanda imperium Eropa setelah perang, dan sejak 1950-an pemerintah Kondominium memulai kampanye modernisasi dan pembangunan ekonomi walaupun terlambat.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rumah sakit dibangun, dokter dilatih dan kampanye imunisasi dilakukan.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sistem sekolah misionaris yang tidak memadai diambil alih dan diperbaiki. Pendaftaran sekolah dasar meningkat pesat menjadi hampir umum pada tahun 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ada pengawasan yang lebih besar terhadap perkebunan dan eksploitasi pekerja ditekan dengan upah orang-orang Vanuatu dibayar lebih tinggi.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Industri baru seperti peternakan, perikanan dan pertambangan didirikan.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Orang Vanuatu mulai secara bertahap mengambil alih lebih banyak posisi kekuasaan dan pengaruh dalam ekonomi dan gereja.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meskipun demikian Inggris dan Prancis masih mendominasi politik koloni, dengan Dewan Penasihat dibentuk pada tahun 1957 yang berisi beberapa perwakilan orang Vanuatu yang memiliki sedikit kekuatan.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Namun perkembangan ekonomi membawa konsekuensi yang tidak diinginkan. Pada tahun 1960-an banyak pekebun mulai memagari dan membuka lahan semak yang luas untuk peternakan sapi, yang sering dianggap sebagai tanah kastom yang dipegang secara komunal oleh orang Vanuatu.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di Espiritu Santo, gerakan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nagriamel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nagriamel (halaman belum tersedia)">Nagriamel</a> didirikan pada tahun 1966 oleh Kepala Buluk dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jimmy_Stevens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jimmy Stevens (halaman belum tersedia)">Jimmy Stevens</a> dengan alasan menentang pembukaan lahan lebih lanjut dan pembangunan ekonomi bertahap yang dipimpin orang Vanuatu.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gerakan ini memperoleh banyak pengikut, sehingga mendorong tindakan keras dari pihak berwenang, dengan Buluk dan Stevens ditangkap pada tahun 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Setelah dibebaskan, mereka mulai mendesak kemerdekaan penuh.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada tahun 1971 Pastor <a href="/wiki/Walter_Lini" title="Walter Lini">Walter Lini</a> mendirikan partai Asosiasi Budaya Hebrides Baru, yang kemudian berganti nama menjadi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partai_Nasional_Hebrides_Baru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partai Nasional Hebrides Baru (halaman belum tersedia)">Partai Nasional Hebrides Baru</a> (NHNP) yang bertujuan untuk memperoleh kemerdekaan dan penentangan terhadap pengambilalihan tanah.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NNDP pertama kali menjadi terkenal pada tahun 1971, ketika pemerintah Kondominium terpaksa turun tangan setelah banyak spekulasi tanah oleh warga negara asing.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sementara itu, pemukim Prancis, dan Francophone dan ras campuran Vanuatu, mendirikan dua partai terpisah yaitu partai <i>Mouvement Autonomiste des Nouvelles-Hébrides</i> (MANH) yang berpusat di Espiritu Santo, dan <i>Union des Communautés des Nouvelles-Hébrides</i> (UCNH) di Efate.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Partai-partai yang bersekutu pada garis bahasa dan agama: NHNP dipandang sebagai partai Anglophone Protestan, dan didukung oleh Inggris yang ingin keluar dari koloni. Sedangkan MANH, UCNH, Nagriamel dan lain-lain (secara kolektif dikenal sebagai 'Moderat ') mewakili kepentingan Katolik Francophone, dan jalan yang lebih bertahap menuju kemerdekaan.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prancis mendukung kelompok-kelompok ini karena mereka ingin mempertahankan pengaruh mereka di wilayah tersebut, terutama di koloni mereka di Kaledonia Baru sehingga mereka berusaha untuk menekan gerakan kemerdekaan.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PIM2_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIM2-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sementara itu, pembangunan ekonomi berlanjut, dengan banyak bank dan pusat keuangan dibuka pada awal 1970-an untuk memanfaatkan status surga pajak wilayah tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ledakan pembangunan mini terjadi di Port Vila. Setelah pembangunan pelabuhan, pariwisata kapal pesiar berkembang pesat, dengan kedatangan tahunan mencapai 40.000 orang pada tahun 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ledakan ini mendorong peningkatan urbanisasi dan populasi sehingga Portt Vila dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luganville&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luganville (halaman belum tersedia)">Luganville</a> tumbuh pesat.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Flag_of_Vemerana.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Vemerana.svg/220px-Flag_of_Vemerana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Vemerana.svg/330px-Flag_of_Vemerana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Vemerana.svg/440px-Flag_of_Vemerana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Bendera Republik Vemarana yang berumur pendek</figcaption></figure> <p>Pada bulan November 1974, Inggris dan Prancis setuju untuk membentuk Majelis Perwakilan di koloni tersebut, yang sebagian didasarkan pada hak pilih universal dan sebagian lagi pada orang-orang yang ditunjuk yang mewakili berbagai kelompok berkepentingan.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pemilihan pertama berlangsung pada November 1975, menghasilkan kemenangan keseluruhan untuk NHNP.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kaum Moderat memperdebatkan hasilnya, dengan Jimmy Stevens mengancam akan memisahkan diri dan mendeklarasikan kemerdekaan.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Komisaris Tetap Kondominium memutuskan untuk menunda pembukaan Majelis. Kedua belah pihak terbukti tidak dapat menyepakati solusi sehingga memicu pro dan kontra, bahkan diantaranya berubah menjadi kekerasan.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Setelah diskusi dan beberapa pemilihan baru di daerah yang disengketakan, Majelis akhirnya bersidang pada November 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PIM5_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIM5-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NHNP mengubah namanya menjadi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanua%27aku_Pati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanua'aku Pati (halaman belum tersedia)">Vanua'aku Pati</a> (VP) pada tahun 1977, dan sekarang mendukung kemerdekaan langsung di bawah pemerintah pusat yang kuat dan Anglicization. Sementara itu, kaum Moderat mendukung transisi yang bertahap menuju kemerdekaan dengan sistem federal dan bahasa Prancis sebagai bahasa resmi.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada bulan Maret 1977 sebuah konferensi gabungan Anglo-Prancis dan orang Vanuatu diadakan di London. Hasilnya, disepakati untuk mengadakan pemilihan Majelis baru dan pelaksanaan referendum kemerdekaan pada tahun 1980. VP memboikot konferensi dan pemilihan ini pada bulan November.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PIM_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIM-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mereka membentuk 'Pemerintahan Sementara Rakyat' yang secara de facto menguasai banyak wilayah. Hal ini memicu konfrontasi kekerasan dengan pemerintah Moderat dan Kondominium.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-VT_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VT-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sebuah musyawarah dilakukan dan Pemerintah Persatuan Nasional dibentuk di bawah konstitusi baru. Pemilihan umum baru diadakan pada November 1979, yang dimenangkan VP dengan suara terbanyak. Kemerdekaan dijadwalkan pada 30 Juli 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dianggap buruknya kinerja, kaum Moderat memperdebatkan hasilnya.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PIM3_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIM3-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ketegangan berlanjut sepanjang tahun 1980. Konfrontasi kekerasan terjadi antara VP dan pendukung Moderat di beberapa pulau.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di Espiritu Santo, Nagriamel dan aktivis Moderat di bawah Jimmy Stevens (yang didanai oleh organisasi Amerika <a href="/wiki/Libertarianisme" title="Libertarianisme">libertarian</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phoenix_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phoenix Foundation (halaman belum tersedia)">Phoenix Foundation</a>) mengambil alih pemerintahan pulau itu pada bulan Januari dan mendeklarasikan Republik Vemarana yang independen yang membuat pendukung VP melarikan diri sehingga pemerintah pusat memberlakukan blokade.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada bulan Mei pemberontakan Moderat yang gagal pecah di Tanna. Salah satu pemimpin mereka ditembak dan dibunuh.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inggris dan Prancis mengirim pasukan pada bulan Juli dalam upaya untuk mencegah pemisahan diri Vemarana, namun Prancis, masih menentang kemerdekaan Vanuatu. Pasukan itu efektif menghancurkan kekuatan Vemarana namun mendorong runtuhnya hukum dan ketertiban di Espiritu Santo yang mengakibatkan terjadinya penjarahan berskala besar.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kemerdekaan_Vanuatu_(1980–sekarang)"><span id="Kemerdekaan_Vanuatu_.281980.E2.80.93sekarang.29"></span>Kemerdekaan Vanuatu (1980–sekarang)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Kemerdekaan Vanuatu (1980–sekarang)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kemerdekaan Vanuatu (1980–sekarang)"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hebrides Baru (sekarang berganti nama menjadi Vanuatu) memperoleh kemerdekaan seperti yang direncanakan pada tanggal 30 Juli 1980 dengan Perdana Menteri pertama <a href="/wiki/Walter_Lini" title="Walter Lini">Walter Lini</a> dan presiden seremonial menggantikan Komisaris Residen.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShears1980_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShears1980-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cp_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cp-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pasukan Inggris-Prancis mundur pada bulan Agustus, dan Lini memanggil pasukan dari <a href="/wiki/Papua_Nugini" title="Papua Nugini">Papua Nugini</a> untuk melawan separatis Vemarana pimpinan Jimmy Stevens yang dikenal dengan '<a href="/wiki/Perang_Kelapa" title="Perang Kelapa">Perang Kelapa</a>' .<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UCA_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UCA-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pasukan PNG dengan cepat memadamkan pemberontakan Vemarana dan Stevens menyerah pada 1 September; dia kemudian dipenjara.<sup id="cite_ref-JM_32-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lini tetap menjabat sampai 1991, menjalankan pemerintahan yang didominasi Anglophone dan kembali memenangkan pemilu tahun 1983 dan 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Steeves_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steeves-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dalam urusan luar negeri, Lini bergabung dengan <a href="/wiki/Gerakan_Non_Blok" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerakan Non Blok">Gerakan Non Blok</a>, menentang Apartheid di Afrika Selatan dan segala bentuk kolonialisme. Menjalin hubungan dengan <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba">Kuba</a>, serta menentang kehadiran Prancis di Kaledonia Baru dan terhadap uji coba nuklir mereka di Polinesia Prancis.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HUFFER,_Elise_1993,_pp._272–282_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HUFFER,_Elise_1993,_pp._272–282-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Penentangan terhadap kekuasaan Lini mulai muncul pada tahun 1987 setelah ia menderita stroke saat berkunjung ke Amerika Serikat. Vanua'aku Pati (VP) di bawah pimpinan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barak_Sop%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barak Sopé (halaman belum tersedia)">Barak Sopé</a> pecah untuk membentuk partai baru (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Partai_Progresif_Melanesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partai Progresif Melanesia (halaman belum tersedia)">Partai Progresif Melanesia</a>, MPP). Presiden <a href="/wiki/Ati_George_Sokomanu" title="Ati George Sokomanu">Ati George Sokomanu</a> berusaha untuk menggulingkan Lini namun gagal.<sup id="cite_ref-UCA_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UCA-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Akibatnya Lini menjadi semakin tidak percaya pada rekan-rekan VP-nya sehingga memecat siapa pun yang dianggapnya tidak setia.<sup id="cite_ref-Steeves_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steeves-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Kalpokas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald Kalpokas (halaman belum tersedia)">Donald Kalpokas</a> menyatakan dirinya sebagai pemimpin VP yang terpecah menjadi dua.<sup id="cite_ref-Steeves_62-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steeves-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada tanggal 6 September 1991, mosi tidak percaya menyingkirkan Lini dari kekuasaan.<sup id="cite_ref-Steeves_62-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steeves-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kalpokas menjadi Perdana Menteri baru. Lini membentuk partai baru bernama <a href="/wiki/Partai_Persatuan_Nasional" title="Partai Persatuan Nasional">Partai Persatuan Nasional</a> (NUP).<sup id="cite_ref-UCA_58-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UCA-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Steeves_62-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steeves-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sementara itu, ekonomi semakin menurun karena investor asing dan bantuan asing tertunda sebab pengaruh Lini terhadap negara-negara Komunis. Jumlah turis turun karena gejolak politik yang ada ditambah dengan jatuhnya harga kopra yang menjadi ekspor utama Vanuatu.<sup id="cite_ref-Steeves_62-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steeves-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Akibatnya, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Persatuan_Partai_Moderat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Persatuan Partai Moderat (halaman belum tersedia)">Persatuan Partai Moderat</a> (UMP) yang berbahasa Perancis memenangkan pemilihan tahun 1991 tetapi tidak memperoleh mayoritas kursi. Sebuah koalisi dibentuk dengan NUP Lini, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxime_Carlot_Korman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maxime Carlot Korman (halaman belum tersedia)">Maxime Carlot Korman</a> dari UMP diangkat menjadi Perdana Menteri.<sup id="cite_ref-Steeves_62-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steeves-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sejak itu politik Vanuatu tidak stabil. Serangkaian pemerintahan koalisi yang terpecah belah dan penggunaan mosi tidak percaya sehingga sering terjadi pergantian perdana menteri. Namun, sistem demokrasi secara keseluruhan tetap dapat dipertahankan dan Vanuatu tetap menjadi negara yang damai dan cukup makmur. Sebagian besar tahun 1990-an UMP berkuasa dibawah pimpinan Korman dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Serge_Vohor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serge Vohor (halaman belum tersedia)">Serge Vohor</a>. UMP melakukan pendekatan pasar yang lebih bebas terhadap ekonomi, memotong sektor publik, meningkatkan peluang untuk Francophone Vanuatu dan memperbarui hubungan dengan Prancis.<sup id="cite_ref-Steeves_62-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steeves-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Namun pemerintah harus menghadapi perpecahan dalam mitra koalisi NUP dan serangkaian pemogokan di dalam Pegawai Negeri Sipil pada 1993–4, yang berakhir ditangani dengan gelombang pemecatan.<sup id="cite_ref-Steeves_62-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steeves-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Skandal keuangan melanda Korman dan Vohor, yang terlibat dalam skema menjual <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paspor_Vanuatu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paspor Vanuatu (halaman belum tersedia)">paspor Vanuatu</a> kepada orang asing.<sup id="cite_ref-lasvegas_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lasvegas-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FH_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FH-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada tahun 1996 Vohor dan Presiden <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Marie_L%C3%A9y%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Marie Léyé (halaman belum tersedia)">Jean-Marie Léyé</a> sempat diculik oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu_Mobile_Force&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanuatu Mobile Force (halaman belum tersedia)">Vanuatu Mobile Force</a> karena perselisihan gaji dan kemudian dibebaskan tanpa cedera.<sup id="cite_ref-UCA_58-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UCA-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kerusuhan terjadi di Port Vila pada tahun 1998 ketika penabung berusaha untuk menarik dana dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu_National_Provident_Fund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanuatu National Provident Fund (halaman belum tersedia)">Vanuatu National Provident Fund</a> menyusul tuduhan ketidakwajaran keuangan, mendorong pemerintah untuk mengumumkan keadaan darurat singkat.<sup id="cite_ref-UCA_58-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UCA-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FH_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FH-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sebuah Program Reformasi Komprehensif diberlakukan pada tahun 1998 dengan tujuan meningkatkan kinerja ekonomi dan memberantas korupsi pemerintah.<sup id="cite_ref-FH_67-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FH-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada pemilihan umum Vanuatu 1998, UMP digulingkan oleh VP di bawah Donald Kalpokas.<sup id="cite_ref-UCA_58-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UCA-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-M_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-N_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Namun Kalpokas hanya bertahan satu tahun, ia mengundurkan diri ketika diancam dengan mosi tidak percaya, digantikan oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barak_Sop%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barak Sopé (halaman belum tersedia)">Barak Sopé</a> dari MPP pada 1999. Barak Sopé sendiri terguling dalam mosi tidak percaya pada tahun 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-FH_67-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FH-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Terlepas dari ketidak pastian politik, ekonomi Vanuatu terus tumbuh pada periode ini, didorong oleh permintaan yang tinggi akan daging sapi Vanuatu, pariwisata, pengiriman uang dari pekerja asing, dan paket bantuan besar dari <a href="/wiki/Asian_Development_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Development Bank">Asian Development Bank</a> (pada 1997) dan dana Tantangan Milenium AS (pada 2005). ).<sup id="cite_ref-LP_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LP-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vanuatu telah dihapus dari daftar 'negara surga pajak yang tidak kooperatif' <a href="/wiki/OECD" class="mw-redirect" title="OECD">OECD</a> pada tahun 2003 dan bergabung dengan <a href="/wiki/Organisasi_Perdagangan_Dunia" title="Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia">Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia</a> pada tahun 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-LP_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LP-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Devastation_after_Cyclone_Pam_14_March_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Devastation_after_Cyclone_Pam_14_March_2015.jpg/220px-Devastation_after_Cyclone_Pam_14_March_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Devastation_after_Cyclone_Pam_14_March_2015.jpg/330px-Devastation_after_Cyclone_Pam_14_March_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Devastation_after_Cyclone_Pam_14_March_2015.jpg/440px-Devastation_after_Cyclone_Pam_14_March_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1367" /></a><figcaption>Kehancuran yang disebabkan oleh Topan Pam pada tahun 2015</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Edward_Natapei" title="Edward Natapei">Edward Natapei</a> yang awalnya Wakil Presiden menjadi Perdana Menteri pada tahun 2001 dan kembali memenangkan pemilihan umum Vanuatu tahun 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pemilihan umum Vanuatu 2004, Vohor dan UMP kembali berkuasa, namun Vohor kehilangan banyak dukungan atas kesepakatan rahasia untuk mengakui <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> dalam <i>sengketa China-Taiwan</i> dan digulingkan dalam mosi tidak percaya kurang dari lima bulan setelah menjabat. Ia digantikan oleh <a href="/wiki/Ham_Lini" title="Ham Lini">Ham Lini</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Appeal_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Appeal-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lini mengalihkan kembali pengakuannya ke <a href="/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_Tiongkok" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Rakyat Tiongkok">Republik Rakyat Tiongkok</a> (RRT) yang menjadi pendonor bantuan utama bagi pemerintah Vanuatu.<sup id="cite_ref-smh_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smh-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-iht_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iht-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada tahun 2007 bentrokan kekerasan pecah di Port Vila antara migran dari Tanna dan Ambrym, di mana dua orang tewas.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rnzi_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rnzi-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lini kalah dalam pemilihan umum Vanuatu 2008, dengan Natapei kembali berkuasa, namun politik Vanuatu kemudian memasuki periode gejolak. Ada upaya yang sering dilakukan oleh pihak oposisi untuk menggulingkan Natapei melalui penggunaan mosi tidak percaya – meskipun tidak berhasil. Ia sempat disingkirkan karena teknis prosedural pada November 2009, sebuah tindakan yang kemudian dibatalkan oleh Ketua Mahkamah Agung.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sato_Kilman" title="Sato Kilman">Sato Kilman</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Partai_Progresif_Rakyat" class="mw-disambig" title="Partai Progresif Rakyat">Partai Progresif Rakyat</a> (PPP) berhasil menggulingkan Natapei dalam mosi tidak percaya lainnya pada Desember 2010. Namun ia juga disingkirkan dengan cara yang sama oleh UMP Vohor pada April 2011. Tapi dianggap tidak sah secara teknis dan Kilman kembali sebagai PM. Ketua Mahkamah Agung kemudian membatalkan kemenangan Kilman dan Natapei kembali berkuasa selama 10 hari. Parlemen sekali lagi memberikan suara kepada Kilman.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kilman berhasil tetap menjabat selama dua tahun, sebelum digulingkan pada Maret 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pemerintah baru merupakan orang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konfederasi_Hijau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konfederasi Hijau (halaman belum tersedia)">Konfederasi Hijau</a> yang baru berkuasa, dan Perdana Menteri <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moana_Carcasses_Kalosil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moana Carcasses Kalosil (halaman belum tersedia)">Moana Carcasses Kalosil</a> adalah orang non Ni-Vanuatu pertama yang memegang posisi tersebut (Kalosil adalah keturunan campuran Prancis-Tahiti dan warga negara Vanuatu yang dinaturalisasi. ). Kalosil melembagakan peninjauan penjualan paspor diplomatik dan secara terbuka menyatakan dukungannya untuk gerakan kemerdekaan Papua Barat, sebuah langkah yang didukung oleh mantan PM Kilman dan Carlot Korman.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kalosil digulingkan dalam mosi tidak percaya lagi pada tahun 2014, dengan VP kembali di bawah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joe_Natuman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joe Natuman (halaman belum tersedia)">Joe Natuman</a>. Namun dirinya digulingkan pada tahun berikutnya dalam mosi tidak percaya yang dipimpin oleh Kilman yang marah karena dipecat dari posisinya sebagai Menteri Luar Negeri. Sementara itu, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Topan_Pam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Topan Pam (halaman belum tersedia)">Topan Pam</a> menghancurkan negara itu pada tahun 2015, yang mengakibatkan 16 kematian dan kehancuran besar.<sup id="cite_ref-16Deaths_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16Deaths-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Investigasi korupsi pada tahun 2015 mengakibatkan sejumlah anggota parlemen di pemerintahan Kilman ditangkap karena penyuapan, termasuk mantan PM Moana Carcasses Kalosil.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Karena lemahnya kekuasaan Kilman, ia kalah dalam pemilihan umum Vanuatu 2016 dari Gerakan Reunifikasi untuk Perubahan (RMC), <a href="/wiki/Charlot_Salwai" title="Charlot Salwai">Charlot Salwai</a>. Salwai pada gilirannya kalah dalam pemilihan umum Vanuatu 2020 di tengah tuduhan sumpah palsu yang menjadikan VP di bawah pimpinan <a href="/wiki/Bob_Loughman" title="Bob Loughman">Bob Loughman</a> memimpin saat negara itu menangani dampak <a href="/wiki/Siklon_Harold" title="Siklon Harold">Topan Harold</a> dan pandemi global COVID-19.<sup id="cite_ref-2020Guardian_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020Guardian-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vanuatu adalah salah satu tempat terakhir di Bumi yang terhindar dari wabah virus corona yang mana mencatat kasus pertama COVID-19 pada November 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografi">Geografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Geografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Geografi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Geografi_vanuatu" class="mw-redirect" title="Geografi vanuatu">Geografi vanuatu</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vanuatu_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Vanuatu_map.png/220px-Vanuatu_map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="479" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/Vanuatu_map.png 1.5x" data-file-width="329" data-file-height="716" /></a><figcaption>Peta Vanuatu dengan ibukotanya <a href="/wiki/Port_Vila" title="Port Vila">Port Vila</a>, terletak di pulau terbesar ketiga</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Rentapau_-_The_Wildflowers_garden_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Rentapau_-_The_Wildflowers_garden_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Rentapau_-_The_Wildflowers_garden_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Rentapau_-_The_Wildflowers_garden_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Rentapau_-_The_Wildflowers_garden_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Rentapau_-_The_Wildflowers_garden_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Rentapau_-_The_Wildflowers_garden_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Rentapau – Taman Bunga Liar</figcaption></figure> <p>Vanuatu adalah kepulauan berbentuk Y yang terdiri dari sekitar 83 pulau yang terbentuk dari proses <a href="/wiki/Gunung_Berapi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gunung Berapi">vulkanik</a>. Kebanyakan pulau relatif kecil dan secara geologis lebih baru (65 di antaranya berpenghuni), dengan jarak sekitar 1.300 kilometer (810 mil) antara pulau paling utara dan selatan.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pc_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dua pulau diantaranya (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulau_Matthew&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulau Matthew (halaman belum tersedia)">Matthew</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulau_Hunter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulau Hunter (halaman belum tersedia)">Hunter</a>) juga diklaim dan dikendalikan oleh Prancis sebagai bagian dari kolektivitas Prancis di Kaledonia Baru. Negara ini terletak di antara garis lintang 13°S dan 21°S dan garis bujur 166°BT dan 171°BT. </p><p>Empat belas pulau Vanuatu yang memiliki luas permukaan lebih dari 100 kilometer persegi (39 sq mi), dari yang terbesar hingga yang terkecil adalah: <a href="/wiki/Espiritu_Santo" title="Espiritu Santo">Espiritu Santo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malakula" title="Malakula">Malakula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Efate" title="Efate">Efate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erromango" title="Erromango">Erromango</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ambrym" title="Ambrym">Ambrym</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanna_(pulau)" title="Tanna (pulau)">Tanna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pentakosta" title="Pentakosta">Pentakosta</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Epi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epi (halaman belum tersedia)">Epi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ambae (halaman belum tersedia)">Ambae</a> atau Aoba, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaua (halaman belum tersedia)">Gaua</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanua_Lava&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanua Lava (halaman belum tersedia)">Vanua Lava</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maewo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maewo (halaman belum tersedia)">Maewo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malo" class="mw-disambig" title="Malo">Malo</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Aneityum" title="Aneityum">Aneityum</a> atau Anatom. Kota terbesar di negara ini adalah ibu kota <a href="/wiki/Port_Vila" title="Port Vila">Port Vila</a>, di Efate, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luganville&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luganville (halaman belum tersedia)">Luganville</a> di Espiritu Santo.<sup id="cite_ref-State_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-State-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Titik tertinggi di Vanuatu adalah Gunung <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tabwemasana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tabwemasana (halaman belum tersedia)">Tabwemasana</a> dengan ketinggian 1.879 meter (6.165 kaki), di pulau Espiritu Santo. </p><p>Luas total Vanuatu kira-kira 12.274 kilometer persegi (4.739 sq mi) <sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> di mana permukaan tanahnya sangat terbatas (kira-kira 4.700 kilometer persegi (1.800 sq mi)). Sebagian besar pulau terjal dengan tanah yang tidak stabil dan sedikit air tawar permanen.<sup id="cite_ref-pc_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Satu perkiraan, dibuat pada tahun 2005 adalah bahwa hanya 9% dari tanah yang digunakan untuk pertanian (7% dengan tanaman permanen, ditambah 2% dianggap subur).<sup id="cite_ref-SOPAC_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SOPAC-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Garis pantai sebagian besar berbatu dengan terumbu karang tepi dan tidak ada tempat yang landai sehingga curam langsung ke laut.<sup id="cite_ref-pc_95-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ada beberapa gunung berapi aktif di Vanuatu, termasuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lopevi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lopevi (halaman belum tersedia)">Lopevi</a>, Gunung <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yasur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yasur (halaman belum tersedia)">Yasur</a> dan beberapa gunung berapi bawah laut. Aktivitas vulkanik biasa terjadi, dengan bahaya letusan besar yang selalu ada. Letusan bawah laut di dekatnya berkekuatan 6,4 terjadi pada bulan November 2008 tanpa korban, dan letusan terjadi pada tahun 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vanuatu diakui sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekoregion_terestrial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekoregion terestrial (halaman belum tersedia)">ekoregion terestrial</a> yang berbeda, yang dikenal sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hutan_hujan_Vanuatu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hutan hujan Vanuatu (halaman belum tersedia)">hutan hujan Vanuatu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DinersteinOlson2017_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DinersteinOlson2017-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ini adalah bagian dari wilayah <a href="/wiki/Lingkup_Australasia" title="Lingkup Australasia">Lingkup Australasia</a>, yang meliputi Kaledonia Baru, Kepulauan Solomon, Australia, Papua Niugini, dan Selandia Baru. </p><p>Populasi Vanuatu (diperkirakan pada tahun 2008 tumbuh 2,4% per tahun)<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sehingga meningkatnya penggunaan tanah dan sumber daya untuk pertanian, penggembalaan, perburuan, dan penangkapan ikan. 90% rumah tangga Vanuatu memancing dan mengkonsumsi ikan, yang telah menyebabkan tingginya penangkapan ikan di dekat desa dan menipisnya spesies ikan di dekat pantai. Meskipun bervegetasi baik, sebagian besar pulau menunjukkan tanda-tanda deforestasi. Pulau-pulau tersebut telah ditebang, khususnya kayu bernilai tinggi, menjadi sasaran pertanian tebang-dan-bakar skala luas, dan diubah menjadi perkebunan kelapa dan peternakan. Hal ini mengakibatkan peningkatan erosi tanah dan tanah longsor.<sup id="cite_ref-pc_95-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Banyak daerah aliran sungai di dataran tinggi mengalami deforestasi dan degradasi sehingga Air tawar menjadi semakin langka. Pembuangan limbah yang tepat, serta polusi air dan udara, menjadi masalah yang merepotkan di sekitar daerah perkotaan dan desa-desa besar. Selain itu, kurangnya kesempatan kerja di industri dan tidak dapat diaksesnya pasar menjadi penyebab utama mengunci keluarga pedesaan ke dalam mode subsisten atau kemandirian. Hal ini memberikan tekanan luar biasa pada ekosistem lokal.<sup id="cite_ref-pc_95-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Negara ini memiliki skor rata-rata <a href="/wiki/Indeks_Integritas_Lanskap_Hutan" title="Indeks Integritas Lanskap Hutan">Indeks Integritas Lanskap Hutan</a> 2019 sebesar 8,82/10, menempati peringkat ke-18 secara global dari 172 negara.<sup id="cite_ref-FLII-Supplementary_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FLII-Supplementary-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flora_dan_fauna">Flora dan fauna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Flora dan fauna" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Flora dan fauna"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu_rain_forests&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanuatu rain forests (halaman belum tersedia)">Vanuatu rain forests</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vanuatu_Tanna_Yasur.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Vanuatu_Tanna_Yasur.JPG/220px-Vanuatu_Tanna_Yasur.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Vanuatu_Tanna_Yasur.JPG/330px-Vanuatu_Tanna_Yasur.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Vanuatu_Tanna_Yasur.JPG/440px-Vanuatu_Tanna_Yasur.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Dataran Cinder <a href="/wiki/Gunung_Yasur" title="Gunung Yasur">Gunung Yasur</a> di pulau <a href="/wiki/Tanna_(pulau)" title="Tanna (pulau)">Tanna</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Erakor_Beach,_Efate,_Vanuatu,_2_June_2006_-_Flickr_-_PhillipC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Erakor_Beach%2C_Efate%2C_Vanuatu%2C_2_June_2006_-_Flickr_-_PhillipC.jpg/220px-Erakor_Beach%2C_Efate%2C_Vanuatu%2C_2_June_2006_-_Flickr_-_PhillipC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Erakor_Beach%2C_Efate%2C_Vanuatu%2C_2_June_2006_-_Flickr_-_PhillipC.jpg/330px-Erakor_Beach%2C_Efate%2C_Vanuatu%2C_2_June_2006_-_Flickr_-_PhillipC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Erakor_Beach%2C_Efate%2C_Vanuatu%2C_2_June_2006_-_Flickr_-_PhillipC.jpg/440px-Erakor_Beach%2C_Efate%2C_Vanuatu%2C_2_June_2006_-_Flickr_-_PhillipC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3171" data-file-height="2219" /></a><figcaption>Pantai Erakor di pulau <a href="/wiki/Efate" title="Efate">Efate</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Meskipun memiliki hutan tropis, Vanuatu hanya memiliki sedikit spesies tumbuhan dan hewan. Ia memiliki <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubah_terbang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubah terbang (halaman belum tersedia)">rubah terbang</a> asli (Pteropus anetianus). Rubah terbang penting bagi hutan hujan dan regenerasi kayu. Mereka menyerbuki dan menyebarkan benih berbagai macam pohon asli. Makanan mereka adalah nektar, serbuk sari dan buah. mereka juga biasa disebut "kelelawar buah". Populasi mereka mengalami penurunan di seluruh wilayah Pasifik Selatan. Namun, pemerintah semakin sadar akan nilai ekonomi dan ekologi rubah terbang dan ada seruan untuk meningkatkan perlindungan mereka. Tidak ada mamalia besar asli di Vanuatu. </p><p>Sembilan belas spesies reptil asli termasuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ular_pot_bunga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ular pot bunga (halaman belum tersedia)">ular pot bunga</a> yang hanya ditemukan di Efate. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iguana_berpita_Fiji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iguana berpita Fiji (halaman belum tersedia)">Iguana berpita Fiji</a> (Brachylophus fasciatus) diperkenalkan sebagai hewan liar pada 1960-an.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESprackland1992_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESprackland1992-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lp_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lp-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ada sebelas spesies kelelawar (tiga unik di Vanuatu) dan enam puluh satu spesies burung darat dan air. Sementara spesies kecil seperti <a href="/wiki/Tikus_Polinesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tikus Polinesia">tikus Polinesia</a> yang dianggap binatang asli Vanuatu. Spesies besar datang dengan orang Eropa seperti babi, anjing, dan sapi peliharaan. Spesies semut dari beberapa pulau di Vanuatu dikatalogkan oleh <a href="/wiki/E._O._Wilson" title="E. O. Wilson">E. O. Wilson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson1994_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson1994-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wilayah ini kaya akan kehidupan laut dengan lebih dari 4.000 spesies moluska laut dan beragam jenis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_ikan_di_Laut_Karang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar ikan di Laut Karang (halaman belum tersedia)">ikan laut</a>. Keong kerucut dan ikan batu membawa racun yang mematikan bagi manusia. <a href="/wiki/Bekicot" title="Bekicot">Siput darat Raksasa</a> Afrika Timur baru tiba pada tahun 1970-an, tetapi sudah pindah dari wilayah Port Vila ke Luganville. </p><p>Ada tiga atau mungkin empat <a href="/wiki/Buaya_air_asin" class="mw-redirect" title="Buaya air asin">buaya air asin</a> dewasa yang hidup di hutan bakau Vanuatu dan tidak ada populasi yang berkembang biak saat ini.<sup id="cite_ref-lp_104-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lp-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Buaya ini diperkirakan mencapai bagian utara pulau setelah topan, mengingat kedekatan rantai pulau dengan Kepulauan Solomon dan New Guinea di mana buaya sangat umum.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iklim">Iklim</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Iklim" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Iklim"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vanuatu memiliki iklim tropis dengan sekitar sembilan bulan cuaca hangat hingga hujan yang panas (kemungkinan angin topan) dan tiga hingga empat bulan cuaca yang lebih dingin dan lebih kering yang dicirikan oleh angin dari tenggara. Suhu air berkisar antara 22 °C (72 °F) di musim dingin hingga 28 °C (82 °F) di musim panas. Musim dingin mulai bulan April hingga September dan hari-hari menjadi lebih panas dan lebih lembab mulai bulan Oktober. Suhu harian berkisar antara 20–32 °C (68–90 °F). <a href="/wiki/Angin_pasat" title="Angin pasat">Angin pasat</a> tenggara terjadi dari Mei hingga Oktober.<sup id="cite_ref-pc_95-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vanuatu memiliki musim hujan yang panjang, dengan curah hujan yang signifikan hampir setiap bulan. Bulan-bulan terbasah dan terpanas adalah Desember hingga April, yang juga merupakan musim topan. Bulan-bulan terkering adalah Juni sampai November.<sup id="cite_ref-pc_95-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rainfall averages about 2.360 milimeter (93 in) per year but can be as high as 4.000 milimeter (160 in) in the northern islands.<sup id="cite_ref-SOPAC_98-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SOPAC-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Curah hujan rata-rata sekitar 2.360 milimeter (93 in) per tahun tetapi bisa setinggi 4.000 milimeter (160 in) di pulau-pulau utara.[99] Pada tahun 2015, Universitas Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa menyatakan Vanuatu berisiko mengalami bencana alam tertinggi dari semua negara yang diukur.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Badai_tropis">Badai tropis</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bagian: Badai tropis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Badai tropis"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:%D0%92%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0.(%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0.%28%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%29.jpg/220px-%D0%92%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0.%28%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0.%28%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%29.jpg/330px-%D0%92%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0.%28%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0.%28%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%29.jpg/440px-%D0%92%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0.%28%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="433" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manaro_Voui&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manaro Voui (halaman belum tersedia)">Manaro Voui</a>, gunung berapi di pulau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ambae (halaman belum tersedia)">Ambae</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Pada bulan Maret 2015, Topan Pam berdampak pada sebagian besar Vanuatu sebagai siklon tropis parah Kategori 5, menyebabkan kematian dan kerusakan parah di semua pulau.Hingga 17 Maret 2015<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> Per 17 Maret 2015 PBB mengatakan jumlah kematian resmi adalah 11 orang (enam dari Efate dan lima dari Tanna), dan 30 orang dilaporkan terluka. Jumlah ini diperkirakan akan meningkat karena pulau-pulau yang lebih terpencil belum dilaporkan.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Menteri Pertanahan Vanuatu, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Regenvanu" title="Ralph Regenvanu">Ralph Regenvanu</a> berkata, "Ini adalah bencana terburuk yang pernah menimpa Vanuatu sejauh yang kami tahu."<sup id="cite_ref-guardian-worst_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-worst-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada April 2020, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Topan_Harold&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Topan Harold (halaman belum tersedia)">Topan Harold</a> mengamuk di kota Luganville, Espiritu Santo dan menyebabkan kerusakan material yang besar di sana dan juga di empat pulau sekitarnya.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gempa_bumi">Gempa bumi</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bagian: Gempa bumi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Gempa bumi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vanuatu relatif sering mengalami gempa bumi. Dari 58 M7 atau peristiwa yang lebih besar yang terjadi antara tahun 1909 dan 2001, hanya sedikit yang diteliti. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomi">Ekonomi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Sunting bagian: Ekonomi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Ekonomi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_vanuatu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi vanuatu (halaman belum tersedia)">Ekonomi vanuatu</a></div> <p>Empat andalan ekonomi adalah pertanian, pariwisata, <a href="/wiki/Jasa_keuangan" title="Jasa keuangan">jasa keuangan</a> lepas pantai, dan <a href="/wiki/Peternakan" title="Peternakan">peternakan</a>. </p><p>Kegiatan <a href="/wiki/Penangkapan_ikan" title="Penangkapan ikan">penangkapan ikan</a> cukup besar, meskipun industri ini tidak banyak mendatangkan devisa. Ekspor meliputi <a href="/wiki/Kopra" title="Kopra">kopra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kava" title="Kava">kava</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daging_sapi" title="Daging sapi">daging sapi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biji_kakao" title="Biji kakao">biji kakao</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kayu" title="Kayu">kayu</a>; <a href="/wiki/Impor" title="Impor">impor</a> vanuatu meliputi <a href="/wiki/Mesin" title="Mesin">mesin</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Peralatan" class="mw-redirect" title="Peralatan">peralatan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahan_makanan" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahan makanan">bahan makanan</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Bahan_bakar" title="Bahan bakar">bahan bakar</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pertanian_subsisten" title="Pertanian subsisten">Pertanian subsisten</a> secara tradisional menjadi basis ekonomi Vanuatu, bersama dengan jaringan pertukaran yang rumit di dalam dan antar pulau. Perubahan ekonomi terjadi dengan perkembangan <a href="/wiki/Perkebunan" title="Perkebunan">perkebunan</a> eropa di gugusan pulau tersebut setelah tahun 1867, tanaman awal adalah <a href="/wiki/Kapas" title="Kapas">kapas</a>, diikuti oleh <a href="/wiki/Jagung" title="Jagung">jagung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kopi" title="Kopi">kopi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biji_kakao" title="Biji kakao">biji kakao</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Kelapa" title="Kelapa">kelapa</a> (untuk <a href="/wiki/Kopra" title="Kopra">kopra</a>). <a href="/wiki/Peternakan_sapi" title="Peternakan sapi">Peternakan sapi</a> kemudian didirikan. Pada tahun 1880-an, pekebun Prancis telah membalikkan dominasi awal Inggris di sektor <a href="/wiki/Perkebunan" title="Perkebunan">perkebunan</a>, meskipun mereka juga merasa semakin sulit untuk bersaing dengan produsen ni-Vanuatu, yang dapat kembali mengandalkan pertanian subsisten pada saat terjadi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penurunan_ekonomi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penurunan ekonomi (halaman belum tersedia)">penurunan ekonomi</a>. Harapan Prancis akan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hegemoni_ekonomi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hegemoni ekonomi (halaman belum tersedia)">hegemoni ekonomi</a>, yang didasarkan pada harga kopra dunia yang tinggi dan impor tenaga kerja Vietnam pada tahun 1920-an, pupus oleh <a href="/wiki/Depresi_Besar" title="Depresi Besar">Depresi Besar</a> tahun 1930-an. Pada tahun 1948 sebagian besar kopra di kelompok pulau diproduksi oleh ni-Vanuatu sendiri, meskipun baru berkembangnya <a href="/wiki/Koperasi" title="Koperasi">koperasi</a> pada tahun 1970-an mereka akhirnya dapat mengambil kendali perdagangan. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kava" title="Kava">Kava</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daging_sapi" title="Daging sapi">daging sapi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kopra" title="Kopra">kopra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kayu" title="Kayu">kayu</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Kakao" title="Kakao">kakao</a> merupakan ekspor terpenting. Australia, Kaledonia Baru, Jepang, dan Selandia Baru adalah tujuan <a href="/wiki/Ekspor" title="Ekspor">ekspor</a> utama. <a href="/wiki/Impor" title="Impor">Impor</a>—terutama <a href="/wiki/Mesin" title="Mesin">mesin</a> dan peralatan transportasi, makanan dan hewan hidup, serta bahan bakar mineral terutama berasal dari Australia, Singapura, Selandia Baru, dan Fiji. Karena kerentanannya terhadap cuaca dan fluktuasi <a href="/wiki/Bursa_komoditas" title="Bursa komoditas">pasar komoditas</a>, Vanuatu bekerja untuk melengkapi <a href="/wiki/Pertanian" title="Pertanian">pertanian</a> skala besar dengan sektor <a href="/wiki/Metalurgi_ekstraktif" title="Metalurgi ekstraktif">ekstraktif</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pemanufakturan" title="Pemanufakturan">manufaktur</a>, dan jasa yang lebih kuat untuk mendorong <a href="/wiki/Pertumbuhan_ekonomi" title="Pertumbuhan ekonomi">pertumbuhan ekonomi</a> jangka panjangnya. </p><p>Sejak kemerdekaan, <a href="/wiki/Pariwisata" title="Pariwisata">pariwisata</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Jasa_keuangan" title="Jasa keuangan">jasa keuangan</a> lepas pantai Vanuatu telah muncul sebagai penghasil <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendapatan_asing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pendapatan asing (halaman belum tersedia)">pendapatan asing</a> terbesar. Meningkatnya keuntungan yang dihasilkan oleh pariwisata telah menarik perhatian perusahaan asing yang ingin mengembangkan lahan menjadi <a href="/wiki/Resor" class="mw-redirect" title="Resor">resor</a> dan atraksi lainnya. Meskipun menurut konstitusi tahun 1980, semua tanah di Vanuatu berada di bawah kepemilikan kolektif adat ni-Vanuatu dan tidak dapat dijual kepada orang asing, minat yang meningkat dari luar negeri pada akhir abad ke-20 dan awal abad ke-21 mendorong pemerintah untuk mengizinkan tanah disewakan dengan harga 75 tahun periode. Namun, sewa semacam itu sering dinegosiasikan untuk merugikan ni-Vanuatu; banyak yang mencantumkan, misalnya, ketentuan bahwa, pada akhir 75 tahun, pemilik adat dapat memperoleh kembali tanah mereka hanya dengan membayar penuh biaya pembangunan apa pun. Pada awal abad ke-21, ada kekhawatiran bahwa ketentuan tersebut akan mengakibatkan keterasingan permanen atas tanah-tanah yang dimiliki secara adat. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kehutanan" title="Kehutanan">Kehutanan</a>, merupakan sektor yang penting dalam sejarah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolonial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kolonial (halaman belum tersedia)">kolonial</a> awal pulau itu tetapi kemudian dikalahkan oleh sektor <a href="/wiki/Pertanian" title="Pertanian">pertanian</a>, sektor <a href="/wiki/Perkebunan" title="Perkebunan">perkebunan</a>, yang juga semakin penting. Sebagian besar negara berhutan (termasuk area cendana dan spesies tropis berharga lainnya). Karena sebagian besar pohon yang ditebang selama tahun 1980-an diekspor sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu_gelondongan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kayu gelondongan (halaman belum tersedia)">kayu gelondongan</a>, pada awal tahun 1990-an pemerintah melarang ekspor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu_bulat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kayu bulat (halaman belum tersedia)">kayu bulat</a> dan membatasi panen tahunan. Penghasilan dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu_olahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kayu olahan (halaman belum tersedia)">kayu olahan</a> (kebanyakan digergaji di pabrik portabel kecil) tumbuh sebagai hasilnya, dan produk kayu menyumbang proporsi <a href="/wiki/Ekspor" title="Ekspor">ekspor</a> yang kecil namun signifikan pada awal abad ke-21. Penjualan hak penangkapan ikan komersial merupakan sumber penting lain dari pendapatan asing, dan terdapat penangkapan ikan skala kecil yang ekstensif untuk konsumsi lokal. </p><p>Sebaliknya, aktivitas pertambangan sangat rendah. Meskipun penambangan mangan dihentikan pada tahun 1978, terdapat kesepakatan pada tahun 2006 untuk mengekspor mangan yang sudah ditambang tetapi belum diekspor. Negara ini tidak memiliki cadangan minyak bumi yang diketahui. Sektor industri ringan kecil melayani pasar lokal. Pendapatan pajak terutama berasal dari bea masuk dan PPN 15% untuk barang dan jasa. Pembangunan ekonomi terhambat oleh ketergantungan pada ekspor komoditas yang relatif sedikit, kerentanan terhadap bencana alam, dan jarak yang jauh antara pulau-pulau penyusun dan dari pasar utama. </p><p>Penambangan <a href="/wiki/Bijih_mangan" class="mw-redirect" title="Bijih mangan">bijih mangan</a> di Éfaté berakhir pada tahun 1970-an, tetapi survei selanjutnya mengidentifikasi sejumlah deposit yang tersisa di sana serta kemungkinan adanya cadangan <a href="/wiki/Emas" title="Emas">emas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga">tembaga</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Minyak_bumi" title="Minyak bumi">minyak bumi</a> yang dapat dieksploitasi di tempat lain di pulau tersebut. </p><p>Kondisi di sebagian besar pulau Vanuatu berupa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalan_tak_beraspal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jalan tak beraspal (halaman belum tersedia)">jalan tak beraspal</a> yang menghubungkan permukiman pesisir; hanya ada sedikit interior jalan. Transportasi antar pulau adalah dengan <a href="/wiki/Perahu" title="Perahu">perahu</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Pesawat_terbang" title="Pesawat terbang">pesawat terbang</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bandara" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandara">Bandara</a> besar terletak di dekat <a href="/wiki/Port_Vila" title="Port Vila">Port Vila</a>, dekat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luganville&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luganville (halaman belum tersedia)">Luganville</a> di <a href="/wiki/Espiritu_Santo" title="Espiritu Santo">Espiritu Santo</a>, dan di sisi barat laut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanna (halaman belum tersedia)">Tanna</a>. Banyak <a href="/wiki/Lapangan_terbang" class="mw-redirect" title="Lapangan terbang">lapangan terbang</a> yang lebih kecil tersebar di seluruh pulau. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politik">Politik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Sunting bagian: Politik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&action=edit&section=15" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Politik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Politik_Vanuatu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Politik Vanuatu (halaman belum tersedia)">Politik Vanuatu</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vanuatu_Provinces.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Vanuatu_Provinces.JPG/220px-Vanuatu_Provinces.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Vanuatu_Provinces.JPG/330px-Vanuatu_Provinces.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Vanuatu_Provinces.JPG/440px-Vanuatu_Provinces.JPG 2x" data-file-width="558" data-file-height="609" /></a><figcaption>Pembagian administratif Vanuatu</figcaption></figure> <p>Vanuatu adalah negara <a href="/wiki/Republik_parlementer" title="Republik parlementer">Republik parlementer</a> yang berdiri dibawah konstitusi dimana Presiden Vanuatu adalah kepala negara, dan Perdana Menteri Vanuatu sebagai kepala pemerintahan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pembagian_administratif">Pembagian administratif</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Sunting bagian: Pembagian administratif" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&action=edit&section=16" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pembagian administratif"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Pembagian_administratif_Vanuatu" title="Pembagian administratif Vanuatu">Pembagian administratif Vanuatu</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Provinsi_di_Vanuatu" title="Provinsi di Vanuatu">Provinsi di Vanuatu</a></div> <p>Vanuatu dibagi menjadi 6 <a href="/wiki/Provinsi" title="Provinsi">provinsi</a> sejak tahun <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a>. Nama dari semua provinsi berasal dari huruf pertama dari nama pulau-pulau konstituen mereka: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Malampa" title="Provinsi Malampa">Malampa</a> (<b>Mal</b>akula, <b>Am</b>brym, <b>Pa</b>ama)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Penama" title="Provinsi Penama">Penama</a> (<b>Pen</b>tecost, <b>Am</b>bae, <b>Ma</b>ewo)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Sanma" title="Provinsi Sanma">Sanma</a> (<b>San</b>to, <b>Ma</b>lo)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Shefa" title="Provinsi Shefa">Shefa</a> (<b>Sh</b>epherd, <b>Efa</b>te)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Tafea" title="Provinsi Tafea">Tafea</a> (<b>T</b>anna, <b>A</b>niwa, <b>F</b>utuna, <b>E</b>rromango, <b>A</b>neityum)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Torba" title="Provinsi Torba">Torba</a> (<b>Tor</b>res, <b>Ba</b>nks)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Budaya">Budaya</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Sunting bagian: Budaya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&action=edit&section=17" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Budaya"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kuliner">Kuliner</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Sunting bagian: Kuliner" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&action=edit&section=18" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kuliner"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hidangan khas Vanuatu (<i>aelan kakae</i>) banyak diolah dari ikan, sayuran akar seperti <a href="/wiki/Talas" title="Talas">talas</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Ubi" class="mw-disambig" title="Ubi">ubi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buah" title="Buah">buah</a>-buahan, dan <a href="/wiki/Sayuran" class="mw-redirect" title="Sayuran">sayuran</a>. Sebagian besar keluarga pulau menanam makanan di kebun mereka, dan jarang terjadi kekurangan bahan makanan. <a href="/wiki/Pepaya" title="Pepaya">Pepaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nanas" title="Nanas">nanas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mangga" title="Mangga">mangga</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pisang_raja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pisang raja (halaman belum tersedia)">pisang raja</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Ubi_jalar" title="Ubi jalar">ubi jalar</a> berlimpah sepanjang tahun. <a href="/wiki/Santan" title="Santan">Santan</a> dan krim kelapa digunakan untuk membumbui banyak hidangan. Sebagian besar makanan dimasak menggunakan batu panas atau melalui <a href="/wiki/Perebusan" title="Perebusan">perebusan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Pengukusan" title="Pengukusan">pengukusan</a>; sangat sedikit makanan yang digoreng.<sup id="cite_ref-pc_95-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hidangan nasional Vanuatu disebut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Laplap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laplap (halaman belum tersedia)">laplap</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catatan">Catatan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Sunting bagian: Catatan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&action=edit&section=19" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Catatan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kata <i>Vanua</i> sendiri berasal dari kata <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proto-Austronesian_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proto-Austronesian language (halaman belum tersedia)">bahasa Proto-Austronesia</a> <i>banua</i> (etimologi yang sama dari kata "benua" dalam bahasa Indonesia) – lihat <a href="#CITEREFReuter2002">Reuter 2002</a>, hlm. 29; and <a href="#CITEREFReuter2006">Reuter 2006</a>, hlm. 326</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&action=edit&section=20" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18833634"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Vanuatu Daily Post, Harrison Selmen (17 July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120125111824/http://www.dailypost.vu/content/santo-chiefs-concerned-over-slow-pace-development-sanma?page=7&quicktabs_1=0">"Santo chiefs concerned over slow pace of development in Sanma"</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailypost.vu/content/santo-chiefs-concerned-over-slow-pace-development-sanma?page=7&quicktabs_1=0">versi asli</a> tanggal 25 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Santo+chiefs+concerned+over+slow+pace+of+development+in+Sanma&rft.date=2011-07-17&rft.aulast=Vanuatu+Daily+Post&rft.aufirst=Harrison+Selmen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailypost.vu%2Fcontent%2Fsanto-chiefs-concerned-over-slow-pace-development-sanma%3Fpage%3D7%26quicktabs_1%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELynchPat1993319-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynchPat1993319_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLynchPat1993">Lynch & Pat 1993</a>, hlm. 319.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/vanuatu#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016">http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/vanuatu#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/vanuatu-population/">https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/vanuatu-population/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vnso.gov.vu/index.php/component/advlisting/?view=download&fileId=4542">"2016 Post-TC Pam Mini-Census Report"</a>. <i>vnso.gov.vu</i>. Government of Vanuatu. 21 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vnso.gov.vu&rft.atitle=2016+Post-TC+Pam+Mini-Census+Report&rft.date=2017-07-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvnso.gov.vu%2Findex.php%2Fcomponent%2Fadvlisting%2F%3Fview%3Ddownload%26fileId%3D4542&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-imf2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-imf2_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-imf2_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-imf2_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-imf2_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=55&pr.y=10&sy=2016&ey=2020&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=846&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=">"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2018"</a>. <i>IMF.org</i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2019&rft.pub=United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft.date=2019-12-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fen%2Fcontent%2F2019-human-development-index-ranking&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHess2009115-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHess2009115_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHess2009">Hess 2009</a>, hlm. 115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowley20043-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrowley20043_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrowley2004">Crowley 2004</a>, hlm. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Archaeology-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Archaeology_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Archaeology_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Archaeology_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Archaeology_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Archaeology_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Archaeology_12-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Archaeology_12-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Archaeology_12-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Archaeology_12-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Archaeology_12-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Archaeology_12-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Archaeology_12-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Archaeology_12-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Archaeology_12-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Archaeology_12-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Archaeology_12-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Spriggs, Matthew; Bedford, Stuart. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/24751281">"The Archaeology of Vanuatu: 3,000 Years of History across Islands of Ash and Coral"</a>. <i>Oxford Handbooks Online</i>. Oxford University Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211206010724/https://www.academia.edu/24751281">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2021-12-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Handbooks+Online&rft.atitle=The+Archaeology+of+Vanuatu%3A+3%2C000+Years+of+History+across+Islands+of+Ash+and+Coral&rft.aulast=Spriggs&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.au=Bedford%2C+Stuart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F24751281&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beginning-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Beginning_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beginning_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beginning_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beginning_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beginning_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beginning_13-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beginning_13-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beginning_13-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beginning_13-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beginning_13-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beginning_13-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beginning_13-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beginning_13-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beginning_13-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beginning_13-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beginning_13-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Flexner, James; Spriggs, Matthew; Bedford, Stuart. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301294502">"Beginning Historical Archaeology in Vanuatu: Recent Projects on the Archaeology of Spanish, French, and Anglophone Colonialism"</a>. <i>Research Gate</i>. Springer<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Research+Gate&rft.atitle=Beginning+Historical+Archaeology+in+Vanuatu%3A+Recent+Projects+on+the+Archaeology+of+Spanish%2C+French%2C+and+Anglophone+Colonialism&rft.aulast=Flexner&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Spriggs%2C+Matthew&rft.au=Bedford%2C+Stuart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F301294502&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Challenges-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Challenges_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Challenges_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/6fb2/38dccd2a974f7b7abb4059ab79c4adddec61.pdf">"Chief Roi Mata's Domain – Challenges facing a World Heritage-nominated property in Vanuatu"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. ICOMOS. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230217173208/https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Chief-Roi-Mata%E2%80%99s-Domain-Wilson-Ballard/6fb238dccd2a974f7b7abb4059ab79c4adddec61?p2df">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-02-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Chief+Roi+Mata%27s+Domain+%E2%80%93+Challenges+facing+a+World+Heritage-nominated+property+in+Vanuatu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpdfs.semanticscholar.org%2F6fb2%2F38dccd2a974f7b7abb4059ab79c4adddec61.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1280/">"Chief Roi Mata’s Domain"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211126050727/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1280/">Diarsipkan</a> 2021-11-26 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., UNESCO</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RNZI_40819-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RNZI_40819_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rnzi.com/pages/news.php?op=read&id=40819">"World Heritage Status set to ensure protection of Vanuatu's Roi Mata domain"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_New_Zealand_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio New Zealand International">Radio New Zealand International</a></i>. 9 July 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120307214428/http://www.rnzi.com/pages/news.php?op=read&id=40819">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2012-03-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+New+Zealand+International&rft.atitle=World+Heritage+Status+set+to+ensure+protection+of+Vanuatu%27s+Roi+Mata+domain&rft.date=2008-07-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnzi.com%2Fpages%2Fnews.php%3Fop%3Dread%26id%3D40819&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.anu.edu.au/news/all-news/origins-of-vanuatu-and-tongas-first-people-revealed">"Origins of Vanuatu and Tonga's first people revealed"</a>. Australian National University. 4 October 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211206012822/https://www.anu.edu.au/news/all-news/origins-of-vanuatu-and-tongas-first-people-revealed">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2021-12-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Origins+of+Vanuatu+and+Tonga%27s+first+people+revealed&rft.pub=Australian+National+University&rft.date=2016-10-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.anu.edu.au%2Fnews%2Fall-news%2Forigins-of-vanuatu-and-tongas-first-people-revealed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-12-29/vanuatu-skulls-shed-light-on-origin-of-polynesian-people/7058120">"Study of ancient skulls from Vanuatu cemetery sheds light on Polynesian migration, scientists say"</a>. <i>ABC Radio Canberra</i>. 29 December 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211206085916/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-12-29/vanuatu-skulls-shed-light-on-origin-of-polynesian-people/7058120">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2021-12-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+Radio+Canberra&rft.atitle=Study+of+ancient+skulls+from+Vanuatu+cemetery+sheds+light+on+Polynesian+migration%2C+scientists+say&rft.date=2015-12-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2015-12-29%2Fvanuatu-skulls-shed-light-on-origin-of-polynesian-people%2F7058120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-reveal-the-genetic-timeline-of-ancient-vanuatu-people/">"Scientists Reveal the Genetic Timeline of Ancient Vanuatu People"</a>. <i>SciTech Daily</i>. 9 March 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211206042630/https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-reveal-the-genetic-timeline-of-ancient-vanuatu-people/">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2021-12-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SciTech+Daily&rft.atitle=Scientists+Reveal+the+Genetic+Timeline+of+Ancient+Vanuatu+People&rft.date=2018-03-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscitechdaily.com%2Fscientists-reveal-the-genetic-timeline-of-ancient-vanuatu-people%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eth-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-eth_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130421035933/http://www.ethnologue.com/country/VU/languages">“Languages of Vanuatu”</a> – 2013 archive from <a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sorosoro.org/en/2015/09/the-exceptional-linguistic-diversity-of-vanuatu/">"The exceptional linguistic diversity of Vanuatu"</a>. <i>Sorosoro</i>. 9 June 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211206042745/https://www.sorosoro.org/en/2015/09/the-exceptional-linguistic-diversity-of-vanuatu/">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2021-12-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sorosoro&rft.atitle=The+exceptional+linguistic+diversity+of+Vanuatu&rft.date=2011-06-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sorosoro.org%2Fen%2F2015%2F09%2Fthe-exceptional-linguistic-diversity-of-vanuatu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kuwae2006-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kuwae2006_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Gao, Chaochao; Robock, Alan; Self, Stephen; Witter, Jeffrey B.; J. P. Steffenson; Henrik Brink Clausen; Marie-Louise Siggaard-Andersen; Sigfus Johnsen; Paul A. Mayewski; Caspar Ammann (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/Kuwae27.pdf">"The 1452 or 1453 A.D. Kuwae eruption signal derived from multiple ice core records: Greatest volcanic sulfate event of the past 700 years"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Geophysical Research</i>. <b>111</b> (D12107): 11. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006JGRD..11112107G">2006JGRD..11112107G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1029%2F2005JD006710">10.1029/2005JD006710</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110928005112/http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/Kuwae27.pdf">Diarsipkan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> dari versi asli tanggal 2011-09-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2021-12-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=The+1452+or+1453+A.D.+Kuwae+eruption+signal+derived+from+multiple+ice+core+records%3A+Greatest+volcanic+sulfate+event+of+the+past+700+years&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=D12107&rft.pages=11&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1029%2F2005JD006710&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006JGRD..11112107G&rft.aulast=Gao&rft.aufirst=Chaochao&rft.au=Robock%2C+Alan&rft.au=Self%2C+Stephen&rft.au=Witter%2C+Jeffrey+B.&rft.au=J.+P.+Steffenson&rft.au=Henrik+Brink+Clausen&rft.au=Marie-Louise+Siggaard-Andersen&rft.au=Sigfus+Johnsen&rft.au=Paul+A.+Mayewski&rft.au=Caspar+Ammann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclimate.envsci.rutgers.edu%2Fpdf%2FKuwae27.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Elizabeth Rogers Kotlowski. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211224084941/http://www.chr.org.au/books/southloand-of-holy-spirit/page5.html">"Southland of the Holy Spirit"</a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). CHR. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chr.org.au/books/southloand-of-holy-spirit/page5.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 2021-12-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2021</span>. <q>In 1605 [...] Quiros sailed west from Callao, Peru</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Southland+of+the+Holy+Spirit&rft.pub=CHR&rft.au=Elizabeth+Rogers+Kotlowski&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chr.org.au%2Fbooks%2Fsouthloand-of-holy-spirit%2Fpage5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jolly-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jolly_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jolly_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jolly_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jolly_24-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jolly_24-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jolly_24-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jolly_24-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Jolly, Margaret. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.533.9909&rep=rep1&type=pdf">"The Sediment of Voyages: Re-membering Quirós, Bougainville and Cook in Vanuatu"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX" title="CiteSeerX">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.533.9909">10.1.1.533.9909</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210817005042/https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.533.9909&rep=rep1&type=pdf">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2021-08-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Sediment+of+Voyages%3A+Re-membering+Quir%C3%B3s%2C+Bougainville+and+Cook+in+Vanuatu&rft_id=%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.533.9909&rft.aulast=Jolly&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fdownload%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.533.9909%26rep%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vanuatunewcaledo00joce"><i>Vanuatu and New Caledonia</i><span style="padding-left:0.15em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)"><img alt="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></a></span>. Lonely Planet. 2009. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vanuatunewcaledo00joce/page/29">29</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-74104-792-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-74104-792-9">978-1-74104-792-9</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vanuatu+and+New+Caledonia&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-74104-792-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvanuatunewcaledo00joce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anne-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Anne_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Salmond, Anne (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/aphroditesisland00salm/page/113"><i>Aphrodite's Island</i></a>. Berkeley: University of California Press. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/aphroditesisland00salm/page/113">113</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780520261143" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9780520261143">9780520261143</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aphrodite%27s+Island&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pages=113&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780520261143&rft.aulast=Salmond&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Faphroditesisland00salm%2Fpage%2F113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cp-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cp_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cp_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cp_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cp_27-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190604193751/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2815.htm">"Background Note: Vanuatu"</a>. <a href="/wiki/US_Department_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="US Department of State">US Department of State</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2815.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 4 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Background+Note%3A+Vanuatu&rft.pub=US+Department+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2009-2017.state.gov%2Fr%2Fpa%2Fei%2Fbgn%2F2815.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span><br /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Wahlroos, Sven. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.puc.edu/pitcairn/bounty/encyclopedia.shtml">"Mutiny and Romance in the South Seas: A Companion to the Bounty Adventure"</a>. Pitcairn Islands Study Centre. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211001151537/https://library.puc.edu/pitcairn/bounty/encyclopedia.shtml">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2021-10-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mutiny+and+Romance+in+the+South+Seas%3A+A+Companion+to+the+Bounty+Adventure&rft.pub=Pitcairn+Islands+Study+Centre&rft.aulast=Wahlroos&rft.aufirst=Sven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.puc.edu%2Fpitcairn%2Fbounty%2Fencyclopedia.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Langdon, Robert (1984) <i>Where the whalers went; an index to the Pacific ports and islands visited by American whalers (and some other ships) in the 19th century</i>, Canberra, Pacific Manuscripts Bureau, p.190-1. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/086784471X" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/086784471X">086784471X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sandalwood-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sandalwood_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sandalwood_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Bule, Leonard; Daruhi, Godfrey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/psw_gtr122/psw_gtr122_bule.pdf">"Status of Sandalwood Resources in Vanuatu"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. US Forest Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220320052919/https://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/psw_gtr122/psw_gtr122_bule.pdf">Diarsipkan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> dari versi asli tanggal 2022-03-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Status+of+Sandalwood+Resources+in+Vanuatu&rft.pub=US+Forest+Service&rft.aulast=Bule&rft.aufirst=Leonard&rft.au=Daruhi%2C+Godfrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fs.fed.us%2Fpsw%2Fpublications%2Fdocuments%2Fpsw_gtr122%2Fpsw_gtr122_bule.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Trease198712-14-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Trease198712-14_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Trease1987">Van Trease 1987</a>, hlm. 12-14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JM-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-27"><sup><i><b>ab</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-28"><sup><i><b>ac</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-29"><sup><i><b>ad</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-30"><sup><i><b>ae</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-31"><sup><i><b>af</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-32"><sup><i><b>ag</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-33"><sup><i><b>ah</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-34"><sup><i><b>ai</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-35"><sup><i><b>aj</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-36"><sup><i><b>ak</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-37"><sup><i><b>al</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-38"><sup><i><b>am</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-39"><sup><i><b>an</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-40"><sup><i><b>ao</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-41"><sup><i><b>ap</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-42"><sup><i><b>aq</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-43"><sup><i><b>ar</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-44"><sup><i><b>as</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-45"><sup><i><b>at</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-46"><sup><i><b>au</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-47"><sup><i><b>av</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-48"><sup><i><b>aw</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-49"><sup><i><b>ax</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-50"><sup><i><b>ay</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-51"><sup><i><b>az</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-52"><sup><i><b>ba</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-53"><sup><i><b>bb</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-54"><sup><i><b>bc</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-55"><sup><i><b>bd</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM_32-56"><sup><i><b>be</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">MacClancy, Jeremy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/3279401">"To Kill a Bird with Two Stones – A Short History of Vanuatu"</a>. <i>Academia.edu</i>. Vanuatu Cultural Centre Publications. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211224084936/https://www.academia.edu/3279401">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2021-12-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Academia.edu&rft.atitle=To+Kill+a+Bird+with+Two+Stones+%E2%80%93+A+Short+History+of+Vanuatu&rft.aulast=MacClancy&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F3279401&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Trease198715-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Trease198715_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Trease1987">Van Trease 1987</a>, hlm. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Trease198719-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Trease198719_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Trease1987">Van Trease 1987</a>, hlm. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UsaUSA2009-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UsaUSA2009_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160729084223/https://books.google.com/books?id=wjuxcXTEJ_sC&pg=PA26"><i>Vanuatu Country Study Guide</i></a>. International Business Publications. 30 March 2009. hlm. 26. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4387-5649-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4387-5649-3">978-1-4387-5649-3</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wjuxcXTEJ_sC&pg=PA26">versi asli</a> tanggal 29 July 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vanuatu+Country+Study+Guide&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=International+Business+Publications&rft.date=2009-03-30&rft.isbn=978-1-4387-5649-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwjuxcXTEJ_sC%26pg%3DPA26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Trease198726-7-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Trease198726-7_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Trease1987">Van Trease 1987</a>, hlm. 26-7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BresnihanWoodward2002-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BresnihanWoodward2002_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bresnihan, Brian J.; Woodward, Keith (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160522152146/https://books.google.com/books?id=nhNmCiYYxucC&pg=PA423"><i>Tufala Gavman: Reminiscences from the Anglo-French Condominium of the New Hebrides</i></a>. editorips@usp.ac.fj. hlm. 423. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-982-02-0342-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-982-02-0342-6">978-982-02-0342-6</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nhNmCiYYxucC&pg=PA423">versi asli</a> tanggal 22 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tufala+Gavman%3A+Reminiscences+from+the+Anglo-French+Condominium+of+the+New+Hebrides&rft.pages=423&rft.pub=editorips%40usp.ac.fj&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-982-02-0342-6&rft.aulast=Bresnihan&rft.aufirst=Brian+J.&rft.au=Woodward%2C+Keith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnhNmCiYYxucC%26pg%3DPA423&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Museum-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Museum_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Museum_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Museum_38-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Museum_38-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://southpacificwwiimuseum.com/history/">"A Short History Of Vanuatu"</a>. South Pacific WWII Museum. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211225091226/https://southpacificwwiimuseum.com/history/">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2021-12-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Short+History+Of+Vanuatu&rft.pub=South+Pacific+WWII+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsouthpacificwwiimuseum.com%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Calnitsky-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Calnitsky_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Calnitsky_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Calnitsky, Naomi Alisa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/20370598">"The Tonkinese Labour Traffic to the Colonial New Hebrides: The Role of French Inter-Colonial Webs"</a>. <i>Academia.edu</i>. Indian Ocean World Centre, McGill University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211225091230/https://www.academia.edu/20370598">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2021-12-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Academia.edu&rft.atitle=The+Tonkinese+Labour+Traffic+to+the+Colonial+New+Hebrides%3A+The+Role+of+French+Inter-Colonial+Webs&rft.aulast=Calnitsky&rft.aufirst=Naomi+Alisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F20370598&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charles Robequain, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.persee.fr/doc/geo_0003-4010_1950_num_59_317_13156">Les Nouvelles-Hébrides et l'immigration annamite</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181209114403/http://www.persee.fr/doc/geo_0003-4010_1950_num_59_317_13156">Diarsipkan</a> 2018-12-09 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.", <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Annales_de_G%C3%A9ographie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Annales de Géographie (halaman belum tersedia)">Annales de Géographie</a></i>, t. 59, n°317, 1950. pp. 391–392</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Buckley, Joe (8 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://e.vnexpress.net/news/travel-life/in-my-words/vietnamese-surprises-in-vanuatu-3651856.html">"In My Words Vietnamese surprises in Vanuatu"</a>. <i>VN Express</i>. VN Express. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211225091227/https://e.vnexpress.net/news/travel-life/in-my-words/vietnamese-surprises-in-vanuatu-3651856.html">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2021-12-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VN+Express&rft.atitle=In+My+Words+Vietnamese+surprises+in+Vanuatu&rft.date=2017-10-08&rft.aulast=Buckley&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fe.vnexpress.net%2Fnews%2Ftravel-life%2Fin-my-words%2Fvietnamese-surprises-in-vanuatu-3651856.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LL-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LL_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LL_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LL_42-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LL_42-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Lindstrom, Lamont. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/15553/1/OP36-47-57.pdf">"The Vanuatu Labor Corps Experience"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Scholar Space</i>. University of Hawaii. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211225091239/https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/15553/1/OP36-47-57.pdf">Diarsipkan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> dari versi asli tanggal 2021-12-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scholar+Space&rft.atitle=The+Vanuatu+Labor+Corps+Experience&rft.aulast=Lindstrom&rft.aufirst=Lamont&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu%2Fbitstream%2F10125%2F15553%2F1%2FOP36-47-57.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guiart-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Guiart_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Guiart, Jean (March 1952). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_5/b_fdi_16-17/22920.pdf">"John Frum Movement in Tanna"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Oceania</i>. <b>22</b> (3): 165–177. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fj.1834-4461.1952.tb00558.x">10.1002/j.1834-4461.1952.tb00558.x</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220216084316/https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_5/b_fdi_16-17/22920.pdf">Diarsipkan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> dari versi asli tanggal 2022-02-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oceania&rft.atitle=John+Frum+Movement+in+Tanna&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=165-177&rft.date=1952-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fj.1834-4461.1952.tb00558.x&rft.au=Guiart%2C+Jean&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhorizon.documentation.ird.fr%2Fexl-doc%2Fpleins_textes%2Fpleins_textes_5%2Fb_fdi_16-17%2F22920.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-westoc-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-westoc_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://philtar.ucsm.ac.uk/encyclopedia/westoc/jonfrum.html">Western Oceanian Religions: Jon Frum Movement</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031016150752/http://philtar.ucsm.ac.uk/encyclopedia/westoc/jonfrum.html">Diarsipkan</a> 16 October 2003 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. University of Cumbria</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-330239351/view?partId=nla.obj-330246081#page/n24/mode/1up">"Chief President Moses": Man with a message for 10,000 New Hebrideans</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201023094413/https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-330239351/view?partId=nla.obj-330246081#page/n24/mode/1up">Diarsipkan</a> 2020-10-23 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., <i>Pacific Islands Monthly</i>, July 1969, pp23–25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PIM2-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PIM2_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-332653576/view?partId=nla.obj-332655109#page/n9/mode/1up">Bombs, bribery and ballots in New Hebrides</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201023094115/https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-332653576/view?partId=nla.obj-332655109#page/n9/mode/1up">Diarsipkan</a> 2020-10-23 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Pacific Islands Monthly</i>, January 1976, p8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-332555206/view?partId=nla.obj-332575365#page/n9/mode/1up">The Ghost Assembly</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201023093732/https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-332555206/view?partId=nla.obj-332575365#page/n9/mode/1up">Diarsipkan</a> 2020-10-23 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Pacific Islands Monthly</i>, June 1976, p10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-332540656/view?partId=nla.obj-332564592#page/n10/mode/1up">Splinters fliying in N. Hebrides</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201023094544/https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-332540656/view?partId=nla.obj-332564592#page/n10/mode/1up">Diarsipkan</a> 2020-10-23 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Pacific Islands Monthly</i>, May 1976, p11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-332576374/view?partId=nla.obj-332598350#page/n17/mode/1up">New Hebrides Assembly meets</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201023100540/https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-332576374/view?partId=nla.obj-332598350#page/n17/mode/1up">Diarsipkan</a> 2020-10-23 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Pacific Islands Monthly</i>, August 1976, p18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PIM5-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PIM5_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-334870300/view?partId=nla.obj-334911874#page/n16/mode/1up">New Hebrides Assembly meets – but what's new?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201023101204/https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-334870300/view?partId=nla.obj-334911874#page/n16/mode/1up">Diarsipkan</a> 2020-10-23 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Pacific Islands Monthly</i> February 1977, pp17–18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PIM-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PIM_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-335671199/view?partId=nla.obj-335697448#page/n27/mode/1up">New Hebrides' new era</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201023092840/https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-335671199/view?partId=nla.obj-335697448#page/n27/mode/1up">Diarsipkan</a> 2020-10-23 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Pacific Islands Monthly</i>, March 1978, p28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VT-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VT_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Van Trease, Howard (9 August 2006). "The Operation of the single non-transferable vote system in Vanuatu". <i>Commonwealth & Comparative Politics</i>. <b>43</b> (3): 296–332. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14662040500304833">10.1080/14662040500304833</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Commonwealth+%26+Comparative+Politics&rft.atitle=The+Operation+of+the+single+non-transferable+vote+system+in+Vanuatu&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=296-332&rft.date=2006-08-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14662040500304833&rft.aulast=Van+Trease&rft.aufirst=Howard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-335670856/view?partId=nla.obj-335672343#page/n4/mode/1up">Turmoil in New Hebrides</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201023084750/https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-335670856/view?partId=nla.obj-335672343#page/n4/mode/1up">Diarsipkan</a> 2020-10-23 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Pacific Islands Monthly</i>, January 1978, p5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PIM3-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PIM3_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-339025052/view?partId=nla.obj-339027831#page/n12/mode/1up">New Hebrides: High hopes haunted by high danger</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201023095111/https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-339025052/view?partId=nla.obj-339027831#page/n12/mode/1up">Diarsipkan</a> 2020-10-23 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Pacific Islands Monthly</i>, January 1980, pp13–14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Mike Parsons in <a href="/wiki/Port_Vila" title="Port Vila">Port Vila</a> (July 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100511054249/http://www.newint.org/issue101/phoenix.htm">"Phoenix: ashes to ashes"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Internationalist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Internationalist (halaman belum tersedia)">New Internationalist</a></i>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newint.org/issue101/phoenix.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 11 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Internationalist&rft.atitle=Phoenix%3A+ashes+to+ashes&rft.date=1981-07&rft.au=Mike+Parsons+in+Port+Vila&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newint.org%2Fissue101%2Fphoenix.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShears1980-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShears1980_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShears1980">Shears 1980</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110418162231/http://vanuatu.travel/vanuatu/history/independence.html">"Independence"</a>. Vanuatu.travel – Vanuatu Islands. 17 September 2009. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vanuatu.travel/vanuatu/history/independence.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 18 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Independence&rft.date=2009-09-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvanuatu.travel%2Fvanuatu%2Fhistory%2Findependence.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UCA-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UCA_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UCA_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UCA_58-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UCA_58-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UCA_58-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UCA_58-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/asiapacific-region/vanuatu-1980-present/">"Vanuatu (1980–present)"</a>. University of Central Arkansas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211225190742/https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/asiapacific-region/vanuatu-1980-present/">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2021-12-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2021-12-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vanuatu+%281980%E2%80%93present%29&rft.pub=University+of+Central+Arkansas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuca.edu%2Fpoliticalscience%2Fdadm-project%2Fasiapacific-region%2Fvanuatu-1980-present%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30F14FA3B5C12728DDDA00894DE405B8084F1D3">"New Hebrides Rebel Urges Peace; Willing to Fight British and French One British Officer Injured"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 9 June 1980. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130531113622/http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30F14FA3B5C12728DDDA00894DE405B8084F1D3">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2013-05-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=New+Hebrides+Rebel+Urges+Peace%3B+Willing+to+Fight+British+and+French+One+British+Officer+Injured&rft.date=1980-06-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fselect.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3DF30F14FA3B5C12728DDDA00894DE405B8084F1D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Bain, Kenneth (4 March 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201116140043/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-jimmy-stevens-1426905.html">"Obituary: Jimmy Stevens"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-jimmy-stevens-1426905.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 16 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Jimmy+Stevens&rft.date=1994-03-04&rft.aulast=Bain&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpeople%2Fobituary-jimmy-stevens-1426905.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">MILES, William F.S., <i>Bridging Mental Boundaries in a Postcolonial Microcosm: Identity and Development in Vanuatu</i>, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1998, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-8248-2048-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-8248-2048-7">0-8248-2048-7</a>, p.24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Steeves-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Steeves_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Steeves_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Steeves_62-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Steeves_62-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Steeves_62-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Steeves_62-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Steeves_62-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Steeves_62-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Steeves_62-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Steeves, Jeffrey; Premdas, Ralph (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.persee.fr/doc/jso_0300-953x_1995_num_100_1_1965">"Politics in Vanuatu : the 1991 Elections"</a>. <i>Journal de la Société des Océanistes</i>. <b>100</b> (1): 221–234. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Fjso.1995.1965">10.3406/jso.1995.1965</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211225190742/https://www.persee.fr/doc/jso_0300-953x_1995_num_100_1_1965">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2021-12-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+de+la+Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+des+Oc%C3%A9anistes&rft.atitle=Politics+in+Vanuatu+%3A+the+1991+Elections&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=221-234&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Fjso.1995.1965&rft.aulast=Steeves&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.au=Premdas%2C+Ralph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.persee.fr%2Fdoc%2Fjso_0300-953x_1995_num_100_1_1965&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Zinn, Christopher (25 February 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/1999/feb/25/guardianobituaries2">"Walter Lini obituary"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211225190742/https://www.theguardian.com/news/1999/feb/25/guardianobituaries2">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2021-12-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Walter+Lini+obituary&rft.date=1999-02-25&rft.aulast=Zinn&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fnews%2F1999%2Ffeb%2F25%2Fguardianobituaries2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HUFFER,_Elise_1993,_pp._272–282-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HUFFER,_Elise_1993,_pp._272–282_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">HUFFER, Elise, <i>Grands hommes et petites îles: La politique extérieure de Fidji, de Tonga et du Vanuatu</i>, Paris, Orstom, 1993, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/2-7099-1125-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/2-7099-1125-6">2-7099-1125-6</a>, pp. 272–282</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William F.S. Miles, <i>Bridging Mental Boundaries in a Postcolonial Microcosm: Identity and Development in Vanuatu</i>, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1998, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-8248-2048-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-8248-2048-7">0-8248-2048-7</a>, pp. 25–7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lasvegas-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lasvegas_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHill1997" class="citation">Hill, Edward R. (3 December 1997), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110331030518/http://www.vanuatu.usp.ac.fj/library/Online/ombudsman/Vanuatu/Digest/digest_97-15.html">"Public Report on Resort Las Vegas and granting of illegal passports"</a>, <i>Digested Reports of the Vanuatu Office of the Ombudsman</i>, <b>97</b> (15), diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vanuatu.usp.ac.fj/library/Online/ombudsman/Vanuatu/Digest/digest_97-15.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 2011-03-31<span class="reference-accessdate">, diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2010</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Digested+Reports+of+the+Vanuatu+Office+of+the+Ombudsman&rft.atitle=Public+Report+on+Resort+Las+Vegas+and+granting+of+illegal+passports&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=15&rft.date=1997-12-03&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=Edward+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanuatu.usp.ac.fj%2Flibrary%2FOnline%2Fombudsman%2FVanuatu%2FDigest%2Fdigest_97-15.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FH-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FH_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FH_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FH_67-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FH_67-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.refworld.org/docid/5278c6c31a.html">"Freedom in the World 1999 – Vanuatu"</a>. Freedom House<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Freedom+in+the+World+1999+%E2%80%93+Vanuatu&rft.pub=Freedom+House&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.refworld.org%2Fdocid%2F5278c6c31a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William F.S. Miles, <i>Bridging Mental Boundaries in a Postcolonial Microcosm: Identity and Development in Vanuatu</i>, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1998, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-8248-2048-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-8248-2048-7">0-8248-2048-7</a>, p. 26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-M-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-M_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">MILES, William F.S., <i>Bridging Mental Boundaries in a Postcolonial Microcosm: Identity and Development in Vanuatu</i>, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1998, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-8248-2048-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-8248-2048-7">0-8248-2048-7</a>, p.27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-N_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dieter_Nohlen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dieter Nohlen (halaman belum tersedia)">Dieter Nohlen</a>, Florian Grotz & Christof Hartmann (2001) <i>Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume II</i>, p843 <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-19-924959-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-19-924959-8">0-19-924959-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailypost.vu/independence/the-5th-prime-minister/article_c2ee4f24-d799-11ea-bda5-373df9dd4ec0.html">"The 5th Prime Minister"</a>. <i>The Daily Post</i>. 30 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220331013504/https://www.dailypost.vu/independence/the-5th-prime-minister/article_c2ee4f24-d799-11ea-bda5-373df9dd4ec0.html">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2022-03-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Post&rft.atitle=The+5th+Prime+Minister&rft.date=2020-07-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdailypost.vu%2Findependence%2Fthe-5th-prime-minister%2Farticle_c2ee4f24-d799-11ea-bda5-373df9dd4ec0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LP-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LP_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LP_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lonelyplanet.com/vanuatu/background/history/a/nar/59af944c-e46f-47af-bdba-0be954fb7cd2/362974">"History in Vanuatu"</a>. Lonely Planet. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211225200753/https://www.lonelyplanet.com/vanuatu/background/history/a/nar/59af944c-e46f-47af-bdba-0be954fb7cd2/362974">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2021-12-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+in+Vanuatu&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lonelyplanet.com%2Fvanuatu%2Fbackground%2Fhistory%2Fa%2Fnar%2F59af944c-e46f-47af-bdba-0be954fb7cd2%2F362974&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_73-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_73-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-16426561">"Vanuatu – timeline"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211225190751/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-16426561">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2021-12-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Vanuatu+%E2%80%93+timeline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-16426561&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2345_02.htm">Vanuatu: Elections held in 2002</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110610212958/http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2345_02.htm">Diarsipkan</a> 2011-06-10 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Inter-Parliamentary Union</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Appeal-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Appeal_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.vu/en/news/diplomacy/041208-Vanuatu-court-rules-in-favor-of-Parliament.shtml">"Vanuatu court rules in favor of Parliament; Vohor appeals"</a>, Taiwan News (news.vu), 8 December 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060927142928/http://www.news.vu/en/news/diplomacy/041208-Vanuatu-court-rules-in-favor-of-Parliament.shtml">Diarsipkan</a> 27 September 2006 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rnzi.com/pages/news.php?op=read&id=13726">"Vanuatu tosses out the Vohor Government"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_New_Zealand_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio New Zealand International">Radio New Zealand International</a></i>. 10 December 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131002094555/http://www.rnzi.com/pages/news.php?op=read&id=13726">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2013-10-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+New+Zealand+International&rft.atitle=Vanuatu+tosses+out+the+Vohor+Government&rft.date=2004-12-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnzi.com%2Fpages%2Fnews.php%3Fop%3Dread%26id%3D13726&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-smh-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-smh_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Wroe, David (9 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/china-eyes-vanuatu-military-base-in-plan-with-global-ramifications-20180409-p4z8j9.html">"China eyes Vanuatu military base in plan with global ramifications"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180411085614/https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/china-eyes-vanuatu-military-base-in-plan-with-global-ramifications-20180409-p4z8j9.html">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2018-04-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2021-12-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=China+eyes+Vanuatu+military+base+in+plan+with+global+ramifications&rft.date=2018-04-09&rft.aulast=Wroe&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fpolitics%2Ffederal%2Fchina-eyes-vanuatu-military-base-in-plan-with-global-ramifications-20180409-p4z8j9.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iht-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-iht_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/09/22/asia/AS-Vanuatu-Politics.php">"Vanuatu lawmakers elect Natapei as prime minister"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/International_Herald_Tribune" class="mw-redirect" title="International Herald Tribune">International Herald Tribune</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. 22 September 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080926134054/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/09/22/asia/AS-Vanuatu-Politics.php">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2008-09-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Herald+Tribune&rft.atitle=Vanuatu+lawmakers+elect+Natapei+as+prime+minister&rft.date=2008-09-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iht.com%2Farticles%2Fap%2F2008%2F09%2F22%2Fasia%2FAS-Vanuatu-Politics.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rnzi-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rnzi_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rnzi.com/pages/news.php?op=read&id=30541">"State of emergency declared in Vanuatu's capital after two deaths"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_New_Zealand_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio New Zealand International">Radio New Zealand International</a></i>. 4 March 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120322100759/http://www.rnzi.com/pages/news.php?op=read&id=30541">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2012-03-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+New+Zealand+International&rft.atitle=State+of+emergency+declared+in+Vanuatu%27s+capital+after+two+deaths&rft.date=2007-03-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnzi.com%2Fpages%2Fnews.php%3Fop%3Dread%26id%3D30541&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailypost.vu/ArticleArchives/tabid/56/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/6461/Govt-numbers-remain-intact.aspx">"Govt numbers remain intact"</a>, <i>Vanuatu Daily Post</i>, 1 June 2010<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_mati" title="Wikipedia:Pranala mati"><span title=" pranala nonaktif sejak September 2013">pranala nonaktif</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailypost.vu/ArticleArchives/tabid/56/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/5421/PM-Natapei-defeats-motion-with-36-MPs.aspx">"PM Natapei defeats motion with 36 MPs"</a>, <i>Vanuatu Daily Post</i>, 11 December 2009<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_mati" title="Wikipedia:Pranala mati"><span title=" pranala nonaktif sejak September 2013">pranala nonaktif</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rnzi.com/pages/news.php?op=read&id=61412">"Kilman elected Vanuatu PM – ten days after ouster by court"</a>, <i>Radio New Zealand International</i>, 26 June 2011 <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_mati" title="Wikipedia:Pranala mati"><span title=" pranala nonaktif sejak January 2021">pranala nonaktif</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rnzi.com/pages/news.php?op=read&id=74783">"Vanuatu Prime Minister, facing no confidence vote, resigns"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221223060902/https://www.rnz.co.nz/international">Diarsipkan</a> 2022-12-23 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., Radio New Zealand International, 21 March 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.governmentofvanuatu.gov.vu/news.html">"Vanuatu’s Parliament Pass Bill in Support for West Papua"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100724142105/http://www.governmentofvanuatu.gov.vu/news.html">Diarsipkan</a> 24 July 2010 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., Government of Vanuatu</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pacific.scoop.co.nz/2010/06/vanuatu-to-seek-observer-status-for-west-papua-at-msg-and-pif-leaders-summits/">"Vanuatu to seek observer status for West Papua at MSG and PIF leaders summits"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190603160232/http://pacific.scoop.co.nz/2010/06/vanuatu-to-seek-observer-status-for-west-papua-at-msg-and-pif-leaders-summits/">Diarsipkan</a> 2019-06-03 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., <i>Pacific Scoop</i>, 22 June 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130422012140/http://www.dailypost.vu/content/prime-minister-carcasses%E2%80%99-dilemma-helm">"Prime Minister Carcasses’ dilemma at the helm"</a>, <i>Vanuatu Daily Post</i>, 28 March 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rnzi.com/pages/news.php?op=read&id=76726">"Watchdog applauds clean-out of Vanuatu’s diplomatic sector"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130928235401/http://www.rnzi.com/pages/news.php?op=read&id=76726">Diarsipkan</a> 2013-09-28 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., Radio New Zealand International, 13 June 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16Deaths-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16Deaths_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-03-21/un-raises-vanuatu-cyclone-death-toll/6337816">"Tropical Cyclone Pam: Vanuatu death toll rises to 16 as relief effort continues"</a>. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 21 March 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221210003055/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-03-21/un-raises-vanuatu-cyclone-death-toll/6337816">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2022-12-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tropical+Cyclone+Pam%3A+Vanuatu+death+toll+rises+to+16+as+relief+effort+continues&rft.pub=Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.date=2015-03-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2015-03-21%2Fun-raises-vanuatu-cyclone-death-toll%2F6337816&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radionz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/287771/calls-for-vanuatu-pm-to-step-down-in-wake-of-mps%27-jailing">"Calls for Vanuatu PM to step down in wake of MPs' jailing"</a>. <i>Radio New Zealand</i>. 22 October 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181120134221/https://www.radionz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/287771/calls-for-vanuatu-pm-to-step-down-in-wake-of-mps%27-jailing">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2018-11-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=Calls+for+Vanuatu+PM+to+step+down+in+wake+of+MPs%27+jailing&rft.date=2015-10-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radionz.co.nz%2Finternational%2Fpacific-news%2F287771%2Fcalls-for-vanuatu-pm-to-step-down-in-wake-of-mps%2527-jailing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radionz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/286931/vanuatu-opposition-ready-to-assist-president">"Vanuatu Opposition ready to assist President"</a>. <i>Radio New Zealand</i>. 13 October 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190117034237/https://www.radionz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/286931/vanuatu-opposition-ready-to-assist-president">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2019-01-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=Vanuatu+Opposition+ready+to+assist+President&rft.date=2015-10-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radionz.co.nz%2Finternational%2Fpacific-news%2F286931%2Fvanuatu-opposition-ready-to-assist-president&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2020Guardian-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2020Guardian_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/20/vanuatu-elects-new-prime-minister-as-country-reels-from-devastating-cyclone">Vanuatu elects new prime minister as country reels from devastating cyclone</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201211073718/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/20/vanuatu-elects-new-prime-minister-as-country-reels-from-devastating-cyclone">Diarsipkan</a> 2020-12-11 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>, 20 April 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Wasuka, Evan (18 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/radio-australia/programs/pacificbeat/supereme-court-to-decide-on-salwais-bribery-and-perjury-case/12065830">"Supreme Court to hear 'abuse of process' application in PM's alleged bribery case"</a>. ABC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211225190748/https://www.abc.net.au/radio-australia/programs/pacificbeat/supereme-court-to-decide-on-salwais-bribery-and-perjury-case/12065830">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2021-12-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Supreme+Court+to+hear+%27abuse+of+process%27+application+in+PM%27s+alleged+bribery+case&rft.pub=ABC&rft.date=2020-03-18&rft.aulast=Wasuka&rft.aufirst=Evan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fradio-australia%2Fprograms%2Fpacificbeat%2Fsupereme-court-to-decide-on-salwais-bribery-and-perjury-case%2F12065830&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/virus-outbreak-asia-new-zealand-asia-pacific-united-states-b1c3c7eaf51a6d514b186483def57f69">Asia Today: Hong Kong, Singapore OK quarantine-free travel</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111235807/https://apnews.com/article/virus-outbreak-asia-new-zealand-asia-pacific-united-states-b1c3c7eaf51a6d514b186483def57f69">Diarsipkan</a> 2020-11-11 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Associated Press, 11 November 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://independence.gov.vu/index.php/facts-figures">"Facts & Figures"</a>. <i>independence.gov.vu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211226034925/https://independence.gov.vu/index.php/facts-figures">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2021-12-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=independence.gov.vu&rft.atitle=Facts+%26+Figures&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findependence.gov.vu%2Findex.php%2Ffacts-figures&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pc-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pc_95-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pc_95-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pc_95-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pc_95-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pc_95-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pc_95-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pc_95-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pc_95-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peacecorps.gov/welcomebooks/vuwb461.pdf"><i>The Peace Corps Welcomes You to Vanuatu</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080910005909/http://www.peacecorps.gov/welcomebooks/vuwb461.pdf">Diarsipkan</a> 10 September 2008 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peace_Corps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peace Corps (halaman belum tersedia)">Peace Corps</a> (May 2007).<br />This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-State-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-State_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170122194623/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2815.htm">"Background Note: Vanuatu"</a>. <i>Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs</i>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Department of State">U.S. Department of State</a>. April 2007. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2815.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 22 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bureau+of+East+Asian+and+Pacific+Affairs&rft.atitle=Background+Note%3A+Vanuatu&rft.date=2007-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2009-2017.state.gov%2Fr%2Fpa%2Fei%2Fbgn%2F2815.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100623005919/http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/gpw/country.jsp?iso=VUT">"Oceania – Vanuatu Summary"</a>. SEDAC Socioeconomic Data and Applications Centre. 2000. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/gpw/country.jsp?iso=VUT">versi asli</a> tanggal 23 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oceania+%E2%80%93+Vanuatu+Summary&rft.pub=SEDAC+Socioeconomic+Data+and+Applications+Centre&rft.date=2000&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsedac.ciesin.columbia.edu%2Fgpw%2Fcountry.jsp%3Fiso%3DVUT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SOPAC-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SOPAC_98-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SOPAC_98-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090801130612/http://www.pacificwater.org/pages.cfm/country-information/vanuatu.html">"Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (Pacific Islands Applied Geoscience Commission)"</a>. SOPAC. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pacificwater.org/pages.cfm/country-information/vanuatu.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 1 August 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Water%2C+Sanitation+and+Hygiene+%28Pacific+Islands+Applied+Geoscience+Commission%29&rft.pub=SOPAC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pacificwater.org%2Fpages.cfm%2Fcountry-information%2Fvanuatu.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110713025110/http://www.india-server.com/news/major-earthquake-jolts-island-nation-4551.html">"Major Earthquake Jolts Island Nation Vanuatu"</a>. indiaserver.com. 11 July 2008. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.india-server.com/news/major-earthquake-jolts-island-nation-4551.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 13 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Major+Earthquake+Jolts+Island+Nation+Vanuatu&rft.pub=indiaserver.com&rft.date=2008-07-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.india-server.com%2Fnews%2Fmajor-earthquake-jolts-island-nation-4551.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DinersteinOlson2017-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DinersteinOlson2017_100-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Dinerstein, Eric; et al. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5451287">"An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm"</a>. <i>BioScience</i>. <b>67</b> (6): 534–545. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fbiosci%2Fbix014">10.1093/biosci/bix014</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0006-3568">0006-3568</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5451287">5451287</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28608869">28608869</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BioScience&rft.atitle=An+Ecoregion-Based+Approach+to+Protecting+Half+the+Terrestrial+Realm&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=534-545&rft.date=2017&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5451287&rft.issn=0006-3568&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28608869&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fbiosci%2Fbix014&rft.aulast=Dinerstein&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.au=Olson%2C+David&rft.au=Joshi%2C+Anup&rft.au=Vynne%2C+Carly&rft.au=Burgess%2C+Neil+D.&rft.au=Wikramanayake%2C+Eric&rft.au=Hahn%2C+Nathan&rft.au=Palminteri%2C+Suzanne&rft.au=Hedao%2C+Prashant&rft.au=Noss%2C+Reed&rft.au=Hansen%2C+Matt&rft.au=Locke%2C+Harvey&rft.au=Ellis%2C+Erle+C&rft.au=Jones%2C+Benjamin&rft.au=Barber%2C+Charles+Victor&rft.au=Hayes%2C+Randy&rft.au=Kormos%2C+Cyril&rft.au=Martin%2C+Vance&rft.au=Crist%2C+Eileen&rft.au=Sechrest%2C+Wes&rft.au=Price%2C+Lori&rft.au=Baillie%2C+Jonathan+E.+M.&rft.au=Weeden%2C+Don&rft.au=Suckling%2C+Kier%C3%A1n&rft.au=Davis%2C+Crystal&rft.au=Sizer%2C+Nigel&rft.au=Moore%2C+Rebecca&rft.au=Thau%2C+David&rft.au=Birch%2C+Tanya&rft.au=Potapov%2C+Peter&rft.au=Turubanova%2C+Svetlana&rft.au=Tyukavina%2C+Alexandra&rft.au=de+Souza%2C+Nadia&rft.au=Pintea%2C+Lilian&rft.au=Brito%2C+Jos%C3%A9+C.&rft.au=Llewellyn%2C+Othman+A.&rft.au=Miller%2C+Anthony+G.&rft.au=Patzelt%2C+Annette&rft.au=Ghazanfar%2C+Shahina+A.&rft.au=Timberlake%2C+Jonathan&rft.au=Kl%C3%B6ser%2C+Heinz&rft.au=Shennan-Farp%C3%B3n%2C+Yara&rft.au=Kindt%2C+Roeland&rft.au=Lilles%C3%B8%2C+Jens-Peter+Barnekow&rft.au=van+Breugel%2C+Paulo&rft.au=Graudal%2C+Lars&rft.au=Voge%2C+Maianna&rft.au=Al-Shammari%2C+Khalaf+F.&rft.au=Saleem%2C+Muhammad&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5451287&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Asia Development Bank Vanuatu Economic Report 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FLII-Supplementary-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FLII-Supplementary_102-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Grantham, H. S.; et al. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7723057">"Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material"</a>. <i>Nature Communications</i>. <b>11</b> (1): 5978. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41467-020-19493-3">10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/2041-1723">2041-1723</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7723057">7723057</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33293507">33293507</a> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Periksa nilai <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|pmid=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#bad_pmid" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Communications&rft.atitle=Anthropogenic+modification+of+forests+means+only+40%25+of+remaining+forests+have+high+ecosystem+integrity+%E2%80%93+Supplementary+Material&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=5978&rft.date=2020&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7723057&rft.issn=2041-1723&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33293507&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41467-020-19493-3&rft.aulast=Grantham&rft.aufirst=H.+S.&rft.au=Duncan%2C+A.&rft.au=Evans%2C+T.+D.&rft.au=Jones%2C+K.+R.&rft.au=Beyer%2C+H.+L.&rft.au=Schuster%2C+R.&rft.au=Walston%2C+J.&rft.au=Ray%2C+J.+C.&rft.au=Robinson%2C+J.+G.&rft.au=Callow%2C+M.&rft.au=Clements%2C+T.&rft.au=Costa%2C+H.+M.&rft.au=DeGemmis%2C+A.&rft.au=Elsen%2C+P.+R.&rft.au=Ervin%2C+J.&rft.au=Franco%2C+P.&rft.au=Goldman%2C+E.&rft.au=Goetz%2C+S.&rft.au=Hansen%2C+A.&rft.au=Hofsvang%2C+E.&rft.au=Jantz%2C+P.&rft.au=Jupiter%2C+S.&rft.au=Kang%2C+A.&rft.au=Langhammer%2C+P.&rft.au=Laurance%2C+W.+F.&rft.au=Lieberman%2C+S.&rft.au=Linkie%2C+M.&rft.au=Malhi%2C+Y.&rft.au=Maxwell%2C+S.&rft.au=Mendez%2C+M.&rft.au=Mittermeier%2C+R.&rft.au=Murray%2C+N.+J.&rft.au=Possingham%2C+H.&rft.au=Radachowsky%2C+J.&rft.au=Saatchi%2C+S.&rft.au=Samper%2C+C.&rft.au=Silverman%2C+J.&rft.au=Shapiro%2C+A.&rft.au=Strassburg%2C+B.&rft.au=Stevens%2C+T.&rft.au=Stokes%2C+E.&rft.au=Taylor%2C+R.&rft.au=Tear%2C+T.&rft.au=Tizard%2C+R.&rft.au=Venter%2C+O.&rft.au=Visconti%2C+P.&rft.au=Wang%2C+S.&rft.au=Watson%2C+J.+E.+M.&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7723057&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESprackland1992-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESprackland1992_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSprackland1992">Sprackland 1992</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lp-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lp_104-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lp_104-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Harewood, Jocelyn (2009). <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vanuatunewcaledo00joce"><i>Vanuatu and New Caledonia</i><span style="padding-left:0.15em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)"><img alt="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></a></span>. Lonely Planet. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vanuatunewcaledo00joce/page/47">47</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-86622-634-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-86622-634-9">978-0-86622-634-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vanuatu+and+New+Caledonia&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-86622-634-9&rft.aulast=Harewood&rft.aufirst=Jocelyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvanuatunewcaledo00joce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson1994-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson1994_105-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilson1994">Wilson 1994</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bennett, Michelle; Jocelyn Harewood (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vanuatu0000benn"><i>Vanuatu</i></a>. Lonely Planet. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vanuatu0000benn/page/19">19</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-74059-239-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-74059-239-0">978-1-74059-239-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vanuatu&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-74059-239-0&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft.au=Jocelyn+Harewood&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvanuatu0000benn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160111193219/http://worldriskreport.org/">"WorldRiskIndex 2015"</a>. United Nations University. 2015. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldriskreport.org/">versi asli</a> tanggal 11 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WorldRiskIndex+2015&rft.pub=United+Nations+University&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldriskreport.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Stephen Coates (17 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150317231913/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/03/17/us-weather-vanuatu-cyclone-idUSKBN0MC1ZY20150317">"Rescue teams reach cyclone-hit Vanuatu islands, official toll lowered"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-weather-vanuatu-cyclone-idUSKBN0MC1ZY20150317">versi asli</a> tanggal 17 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Rescue+teams+reach+cyclone-hit+Vanuatu+islands%2C+official+toll+lowered&rft.date=2015-03-17&rft.au=Stephen+Coates&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-weather-vanuatu-cyclone-idUSKBN0MC1ZY20150317&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150314193923/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-31883712">"Cyclone devastates South Pacific islands of Vanuatu"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 14 March 2015. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bbc.com/news/world-asia-31883712">versi asli</a> tanggal 14 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Cyclone+devastates+South+Pacific+islands+of+Vanuatu&rft.date=2015-03-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-31883712&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guardian-worst-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-guardian-worst_110-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Joshua Robertson (15 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160108064001/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/15/cyclone-pam-death-toll-may-reach-50-in-port-vila-alone-as-full-impact-still-unknown">"Cyclone Pam: Vanuatu awaits first wave of relief and news from worst-hit islands"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/15/cyclone-pam-death-toll-may-reach-50-in-port-vila-alone-as-full-impact-still-unknown">versi asli</a> tanggal 8 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Cyclone+Pam%3A+Vanuatu+awaits+first+wave+of+relief+and+news+from+worst-hit+islands&rft.date=2015-03-15&rft.au=Joshua+Robertson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2015%2Fmar%2F15%2Fcyclone-pam-death-toll-may-reach-50-in-port-vila-alone-as-full-impact-still-unknown&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Ives, Mike (7 April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/07/world/australia/cyclone-harold-vanuatu.html">"Powerful Cyclone Rips Through Vanuatu, Cutting Communications"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200407092859/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/07/world/australia/cyclone-harold-vanuatu.html">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2020-04-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Powerful+Cyclone+Rips+Through+Vanuatu%2C+Cutting+Communications&rft.date=2020-04-07&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Ives&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F04%2F07%2Fworld%2Faustralia%2Fcyclone-harold-vanuatu.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/correspondents/content/2008/s2528790.htm">"Correspondents Report - The secrets of Vanuatu's national dish, the Lap Lap"</a>. <i>www.abc.net.au</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140608020426/http://www.abc.net.au/correspondents/content/2008/s2528790.htm">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2014-06-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.abc.net.au&rft.atitle=Correspondents+Report+-+The+secrets+of+Vanuatu%27s+national+dish%2C+the+Lap+Lap&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fcorrespondents%2Fcontent%2F2008%2Fs2528790.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <hr /> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Vanuatu#ref53974">https://www.britannica.com/place/Vanuatu#ref53974</a>. Diakses tanggal 13 Februari 2023.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografi">Bibliografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Sunting bagian: Bibliografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&action=edit&section=21" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bibliografi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r21093234">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFBedfordSpriggs2008" class="citation journal">Bedford, Stuart; Spriggs, Matthew (2008). "Northern Vanuatu as a Pacific Crossroads: The Archaeology of Discovery, Interaction, and the Emergence of the "Ethnographic Present<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">"</span>". <i>Asian Perspectives</i>. UP Hawaii. <b>47</b> (1): 95–120. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/42928734">42928734</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asian+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Northern+Vanuatu+as+a+Pacific+Crossroads%3A+The+Archaeology+of+Discovery%2C+Interaction%2C+and+the+Emergence+of+the+%22Ethnographic+Present%22&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=95-120&rft.date=2008&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F42928734&rft.aulast=Bedford&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rft.au=Spriggs%2C+Matthew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130317064043/http://www.phtpacific.org/content/vut-agriculture-census-2007">Census of Agriculture 2007 Vanuatu</a>, Vanuatu National Statistics Office (2008)</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCrowley2000" class="citation encyclopaedia"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terry_Crowley_(linguist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terry Crowley (linguist) (halaman belum tersedia)">Crowley, Terry</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?hl=fr&id=INhL6k_89QoC&oi=fnd&pg=PA154&ots=uffi8KMups&sig=uzQu5d61th2c3fSOUnHqXNRnzsc#v=onepage&f=false">"The language situation in Vanuatu"</a>. Dalam Baldauf, Richard B.; Kaplan, Robert B. <i>Language Planning and Policy in the Pacific: Fiji, the Philippines and Vanuatu</i>. <b>1</b>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+language+situation+in+Vanuatu&rft.btitle=Language+Planning+and+Policy+in+the+Pacific%3A+Fiji%2C+the+Philippines+and+Vanuatu&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Crowley&rft.aufirst=Terry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fhl%3Dfr%26id%3DINhL6k_89QoC%26oi%3Dfnd%26pg%3DPA154%26ots%3Duffi8KMups%26sig%3DuzQu5d61th2c3fSOUnHqXNRnzsc%23v%3Donepage%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCrowley2004" class="citation book">Crowley, Terry (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=V7Td_VMSh9gC&pg=PA3"><i>Bislama reference grammar</i></a>. UP Hawaii. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0824828806" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0824828806">978-0824828806</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230217173203/https://books.google.com/books?id=V7Td_VMSh9gC&pg=PA3">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-02-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2019-02-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bislama+reference+grammar&rft.pub=UP+Hawaii&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0824828806&rft.aulast=Crowley&rft.aufirst=Terry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DV7Td_VMSh9gC%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFFrançois2012" class="citation journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_Fran%C3%A7ois_(linguist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexandre François (linguist) (halaman belum tersedia)">François, Alexandre</a> (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://anu.academia.edu/AlexFran%C3%A7ois/Papers/1525506/The_dynamics_of_linguistic_diversity_Egalitarian_multilingualism_and_power_imbalance_among_northern_Vanuatu_languages">"The dynamics of linguistic diversity: Egalitarian multilingualism and power imbalance among northern Vanuatu languages"</a>. <i>International Journal of the Sociology of Language</i>. De Gruyter. <b>2012</b> (214): 85–110. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fijsl-2012-0022">10.1515/ijsl-2012-0022</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+the+Sociology+of+Language&rft.atitle=The+dynamics+of+linguistic+diversity%3A+Egalitarian+multilingualism+and+power+imbalance+among+northern+Vanuatu+languages&rft.volume=2012&rft.issue=214&rft.pages=85-110&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fijsl-2012-0022&rft.aulast=Fran%C3%A7ois&rft.aufirst=Alexandre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fanu.academia.edu%2FAlexFran%25C3%25A7ois%2FPapers%2F1525506%2FThe_dynamics_of_linguistic_diversity_Egalitarian_multilingualism_and_power_imbalance_among_northern_Vanuatu_languages&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHarris2006" class="citation journal">Harris, Richard (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130515063525/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/xmlui/handle/123456789/10172">"Tales from the South Pacific – diving medicine in Vanuatu"</a>. <i>Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Pacific_Underwater_Medicine_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society (halaman belum tersedia)">South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society</a>. <b>36</b> (1): 22–23. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/10172">versi asli</a> tanggal 2013-05-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diving+and+Hyperbaric+Medicine&rft.atitle=Tales+from+the+South+Pacific+%E2%80%93+diving+medicine+in+Vanuatu&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=22-23&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.rubicon-foundation.org%2F10172&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHess2009" class="citation book">Hess, Sabine C. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/personplaceideas0000hess"><i>Person and Place: Ideas, Ideals and the Practice of Sociality on Vanua Lava, Vanuatu</i></a>. Berghahn. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1845455996" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1845455996">978-1845455996</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Person+and+Place%3A+Ideas%2C+Ideals+and+the+Practice+of+Sociality+on+Vanua+Lava%2C+Vanuatu&rft.pub=Berghahn&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1845455996&rft.aulast=Hess&rft.aufirst=Sabine+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpersonplaceideas0000hess&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLynchPat1996" class="citation conference">Lynch, John; Pat, Fa'afo, ed. (1996). <i>Proceedings of the first International Conference on Oceanic Linguistics (1993)</i>. International Conference on Oceanic Linguistics. Port Vila, Vanuatu: Australian National University. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0858834408" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0858834408">978-0858834408</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+first+International+Conference+on+Oceanic+Linguistics+%281993%29&rft.place=Port+Vila%2C+Vanuatu&rft.pub=Australian+National+University&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0858834408&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFReuter2002" class="citation book">Reuter, Thomas Anton (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oP0s2861LqUC&pg=PA29"><i>Custodians of the Sacred Mountains: Culture and Society in the Highlands of Bali</i></a>. UP Hawaii. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0824824501" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0824824501">978-0824824501</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230217173204/https://books.google.com/books?id=oP0s2861LqUC&pg=PA29">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-02-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2019-02-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Custodians+of+the+Sacred+Mountains%3A+Culture+and+Society+in+the+Highlands+of+Bali&rft.pub=UP+Hawaii&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0824824501&rft.aulast=Reuter&rft.aufirst=Thomas+Anton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoP0s2861LqUC%26pg%3DPA29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFReuter2006" class="citation book">Reuter, Thomas Anton (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y43gLk8IyeEC&pg=PA326"><i>Sharing the Earth, Dividing the Land: Land and Territory in the Austronesian World</i></a>. ANU E Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1920942694" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1920942694">978-1920942694</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230217173203/https://books.google.com/books?id=Y43gLk8IyeEC&pg=PA326">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-02-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2019-02-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sharing+the+Earth%2C+Dividing+the+Land%3A+Land+and+Territory+in+the+Austronesian+World&rft.pub=ANU+E+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1920942694&rft.aulast=Reuter&rft.aufirst=Thomas+Anton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY43gLk8IyeEC%26pg%3DPA326&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFShears1980" class="citation book">Shears, Richard (1980). <i>The Coconut War: the Crisis on Espiritu Santo</i>. North Ryde, NSW: Cassell. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0726978661" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0726978661">978-0726978661</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Coconut+War%3A+the+Crisis+on+Espiritu+Santo&rft.place=North+Ryde%2C+NSW&rft.pub=Cassell&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0726978661&rft.aulast=Shears&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSprackland1992" class="citation book">Sprackland, Robert George (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/giantlizards0000spra"><i>Giant Lizards</i></a>. Neptune, NJ: TFH. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0866226349" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0866226349">978-0866226349</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Giant+Lizards&rft.place=Neptune%2C+NJ&rft.pub=TFH&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0866226349&rft.aulast=Sprackland&rft.aufirst=Robert+George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgiantlizards0000spra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTrompf1987" class="citation conference">Trompf, Garry W., ed. (1987). <i>The Gospel Is Not Western: Black Theologies from the Southwest Pacific</i>. Orbis. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0883442692" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0883442692">978-0883442692</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=The+Gospel+Is+Not+Western%3A+Black+Theologies+from+the+Southwest+Pacific&rft.pub=Orbis&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0883442692&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWilson1994" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/E._O._Wilson" title="E. O. Wilson">Wilson, Edward Osborne</a> (1994). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturalist_(book)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naturalist (book) (halaman belum tersedia)">Naturalist</a></i> (edisi ke-1st). Shearwater. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1559632881" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1559632881">978-1559632881</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Naturalist&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Shearwater&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-1559632881&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Edward+Osborne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bacaan_lanjutan">Bacaan lanjutan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Sunting bagian: Bacaan lanjutan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&action=edit&section=22" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bacaan lanjutan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r21093234"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFBolton2003" class="citation book">Bolton, Lissant (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/unfoldingmoonena0000bolt"><i>Unfolding the Moon: Enacting Women's Kastom in Vanuatu</i></a>. UP Hawaii. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0824825355" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0824825355">978-0824825355</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unfolding+the+Moon%3A+Enacting+Women%27s+Kastom+in+Vanuatu&rft.pub=UP+Hawaii&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0824825355&rft.aulast=Bolton&rft.aufirst=Lissant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Funfoldingmoonena0000bolt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBonnemaisonHuffmanTryonKaufmann1998" class="citation book">Bonnemaison, Joël; Huffman, Kirk; Tryon, Darrell; Kaufmann, Christian, ed. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/artsofvanuatu0000unse"><i>Arts of Vanuatu</i></a>. UP Hawaii. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0824819569" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0824819569">978-0824819569</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arts+of+Vanuatu&rft.pub=UP+Hawaii&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0824819569&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fartsofvanuatu0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBowdeyBeatyAnsell1995" class="citation book">Bowdey, Bob; Beaty, Judy; Ansell, Brian (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/divingsnorkeling0000bowd"><i>Diving and Snorkeling Guide to Vanuatu</i></a>. Lonely Planet. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1559920803" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1559920803">978-1559920803</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diving+and+Snorkeling+Guide+to+Vanuatu&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-1559920803&rft.aulast=Bowdey&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft.au=Beaty%2C+Judy&rft.au=Ansell%2C+Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdivingsnorkeling0000bowd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBregulla1992" class="citation book">Bregulla, Heinrich L. (1992). <i>Birds of Vanuatu</i>. Nelson. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0904614343" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0904614343">978-0904614343</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Birds+of+Vanuatu&rft.pub=Nelson&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0904614343&rft.aulast=Bregulla&rft.aufirst=Heinrich+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDoughtyDayPlant1999" class="citation book">Doughty, Chris; Day, Nicolas; Plant, Andrew (1999). <i>The Birds of the Solomons, Vanuatu and New Caledonia</i>. Helm. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0713646900" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0713646900">978-0713646900</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Birds+of+the+Solomons%2C+Vanuatu+and+New+Caledonia&rft.pub=Helm&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0713646900&rft.aulast=Doughty&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft.au=Day%2C+Nicolas&rft.au=Plant%2C+Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEllisManuelCuturaBowman2009" class="citation book">Ellis, Amanda; Manuel, Clare; Cutura, Jozefina; Bowman, Chakriya (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/womeninvanuatuan0000unse"><i>Women in Vanuatu: Analyzing Challenges to Economic Participation</i></a>. World Bank Group. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0821379097" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0821379097">978-0821379097</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+in+Vanuatu%3A+Analyzing+Challenges+to+Economic+Participation&rft.pub=World+Bank+Group&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0821379097&rft.aulast=Ellis&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rft.au=Manuel%2C+Clare&rft.au=Cutura%2C+Jozefina&rft.au=Bowman%2C+Chakriya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwomeninvanuatuan0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEriksen2007" class="citation book">Eriksen, Annelin (2007). <i>Gender, Christianity and Change in Vanuatu: An Analysis of Social Movements in North Ambrym</i>. Anthropology and Cultural History in Asia and the Indo-Pacific. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0754672098" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0754672098">978-0754672098</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gender%2C+Christianity+and+Change+in+Vanuatu%3A+An+Analysis+of+Social+Movements+in+North+Ambrym&rft.series=Anthropology+and+Cultural+History+in+Asia+and+the+Indo-Pacific&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0754672098&rft.aulast=Eriksen&rft.aufirst=Annelin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Harewood, Jocelyn (2012). <i>Vanuatu Adventures: Kava and Chaos in the Sth Pacific</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vanuatu+Adventures%3A+Kava+and+Chaos+in+the+Sth+Pacific&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Harewood&rft.aufirst=Jocelyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFJolly1993" class="citation book">Jolly, Margaret (1993). <i>Women of the Place: Kastom, Colonialism and Gender in Vanuatu</i>. Studies in anthropology and history. <b>12</b>. Harwood Academic. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3718654536" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3718654536">978-3718654536</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+of+the+Place%3A+Kastom%2C+Colonialism+and+Gender+in+Vanuatu&rft.series=Studies+in+anthropology+and+history&rft.pub=Harwood+Academic&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-3718654536&rft.aulast=Jolly&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMescam1989" class="citation book">Mescam, Genevieve (1989). <i>Pentecost: An island in Vanuatu</i>. (Photographer) Coulombier, Denis. U South Pacific. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-9820200524" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-9820200524">978-9820200524</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pentecost%3A+An+island+in+Vanuatu&rft.pub=U+South+Pacific&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-9820200524&rft.aulast=Mescam&rft.aufirst=Genevieve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRio2007" class="citation book">Rio, Knut Mikjel (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/powerofperspecti0000riok"><i>Power of Perspective: Social Ontology and Agency on Ambrym Island, Vanuatu</i></a>. Berghahn. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1845452933" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1845452933">978-1845452933</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Power+of+Perspective%3A+Social+Ontology+and+Agency+on+Ambrym+Island%2C+Vanuatu&rft.pub=Berghahn&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1845452933&rft.aulast=Rio&rft.aufirst=Knut+Mikjel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpowerofperspecti0000riok&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRodmanKraemerBoltonTarisesei2007" class="citation book">Rodman, Margaret; Kraemer, Daniela; Bolton, Lissant; Tarisesei, Jean, ed. (2007). <i>House-girls Remember: Domestic Workers in Vanuatu</i>. UP Hawaii. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0824830120" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0824830120">978-0824830120</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=House-girls+Remember%3A+Domestic+Workers+in+Vanuatu&rft.pub=UP+Hawaii&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0824830120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSiméoni2009" class="citation book">Siméoni, Patricia (2009). <i>Atlas du Vanouatou (Vanuatu)</i> (dalam bahasa Prancis). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Port-Vila&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Port-Vila (halaman belum tersedia)">Port-Vila</a>: Géo-consulte. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-2953336207" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-2953336207">978-2953336207</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atlas+du+Vanouatou+%28Vanuatu%29&rft.place=Port-Vila&rft.pub=G%C3%A9o-consulte&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-2953336207&rft.aulast=Sim%C3%A9oni&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSpeiser1991" class="citation book">Speiser, Felix (1991). <i>Ethnology of Vanuatu: An Early Twentieth Century Study</i>. Crawford House. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1863330213" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1863330213">978-1863330213</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnology+of+Vanuatu%3A+An+Early+Twentieth+Century+Study&rft.pub=Crawford+House&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-1863330213&rft.aulast=Speiser&rft.aufirst=Felix&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2008" class="citation book">Taylor, John Patrick (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/othersidewaysofb0000tayl"><i>The Other Side: Ways of Being and Place in Vanuatu</i></a>. Pacific Islands Monograph. UP Hawaii. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0824833022" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0824833022">978-0824833022</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Other+Side%3A+Ways+of+Being+and+Place+in+Vanuatu&rft.series=Pacific+Islands+Monograph&rft.pub=UP+Hawaii&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0824833022&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=John+Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fothersidewaysofb0000tayl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTroost2006" class="citation book">Troost, J. Maarten (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gettingstonedwit00troo"><i>Getting Stoned with Savages: A Trip Through the Islands of Fiji and Vanuatu</i></a>. Broadway. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0767921992" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0767921992">978-0767921992</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Getting+Stoned+with+Savages%3A+A+Trip+Through+the+Islands+of+Fiji+and+Vanuatu&rft.pub=Broadway&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0767921992&rft.aulast=Troost&rft.aufirst=J.+Maarten&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgettingstonedwit00troo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWilliamson2004" class="citation book">Williamson, Rick (2004). <i>Cavorting With Cannibals: An Exploration of Vanuatu</i>. Narrative. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1589762367" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1589762367">978-1589762367</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cavorting+With+Cannibals%3A+An+Exploration+of+Vanuatu&rft.pub=Narrative&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1589762367&rft.aulast=Williamson&rft.aufirst=Rick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVanuatu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu&action=edit&section=23" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="metadata plainlinks mbox-small" style="border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:3px;"> <tbody><tr style="height:25px;"> <td colspan="2" style="margin: auto; text-align: center;padding-bottom:5px;"><b>Cari tahu mengenai Vanuatu pada proyek-proyek Wikimedia lainnya:</b> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//id.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Vanuatu" title="Cari di Wiktionary"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Wiktionary-logo-id.svg/21px-Wiktionary-logo-id.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Wiktionary-logo-id.svg/31px-Wiktionary-logo-id.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Wiktionary-logo-id.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-id.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="474" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="https://id.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Vanuatu" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Vanuatu">Definisi dan terjemahan</a> dari Wiktionary<br /> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Vanuatu" title="Cari di Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/37px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Vanuatu" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Vanuatu">Gambar dan media</a> dari Commons<br /> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//id.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Vanuatu" title="Cari di Wikinews"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/25px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/38px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/50px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="https://id.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Vanuatu" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Vanuatu">Berita</a> dari Wikinews<br /> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//id.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Vanuatu" title="Cari di Wikiquote"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/21px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/42px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="https://id.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Vanuatu" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Vanuatu">Kutipan</a> dari Wikiquote<br /> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//id.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Vanuatu" title="Cari di Wikisource"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/48px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="https://id.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Vanuatu" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Vanuatu">Teks sumber</a> dari Wikisource<br /> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//id.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Vanuatu" title="Cari di Wikibuku"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/25px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/38px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/50px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="https://id.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Vanuatu" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Vanuatu">Buku</a> dari Wikibuku<br /> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://id.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Special:Search/Vanuatu" title="Cari di Wikivoyage"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/25px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/38px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/50px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="https://id.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Special:Search/Vanuatu" class="extiw" title="voy:Special:Search/Vanuatu">Panduan wisata di Vanuatu</a> dari Wikivoyage </td></tr> </tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23035139">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" class="extiw" title="commons:Vanuatu"><b><i>Vanuatu</i></b></a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23035139"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage memiliki panduan wisata <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Vanuatu#Q686" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vanuatugovernment.gov.vu/">Situs resmi</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100217023336/http://www.vanuatugovernment.gov.vu/">Diarsipkan</a> 2010-02-17 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vanuatutourism.com/">Situs resmi pariwisata</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081104072237/http://www.vanuatutourism.com/">Diarsipkan</a> 2008-11-04 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vanuatu.net.vu/VanuatuOnlineDirectory.html">Vanuatu Online Directory</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060204041306/http://www.vanuatu.net.vu/VanuatuOnlineDirectory.html">Diarsipkan</a> 2006-02-04 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25847331">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18590415">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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title="Oseania">Oseania</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_berdaulat" title="Daftar negara berdaulat">Negara berdaulat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federasi_Mikronesia" title="Federasi Mikronesia">Federasi Mikronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Marshall" title="Kepulauan Marshall">Kepulauan Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Solomon" title="Kepulauan Solomon">Kepulauan Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_Nugini" title="Papua Nugini">Papua Nugini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selandia_Baru" title="Selandia Baru">Selandia Baru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timor_Leste" title="Timor Leste">Timor Leste</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Wilayah_dependensi" title="Wilayah dependensi">Dependensi</a> dan<br />wilayah lain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Cocos_(Keeling)" title="Kepulauan Cocos (Keeling)">Kepulauan Cocos (Keeling)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Cook" title="Kepulauan Cook">Kepulauan Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaledonia_Baru" title="Kaledonia Baru">Kaledonia Baru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Mariana_Utara" title="Kepulauan Mariana Utara">Kepulauan Mariana Utara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulau_Natal" title="Pulau Natal">Pulau Natal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulau_Norfolk" title="Pulau Norfolk">Pulau Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulau_Paskah" title="Pulau Paskah">Pulau Paskah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Pitcairn" title="Kepulauan Pitcairn">Kepulauan Pitcairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polinesia_Prancis" title="Polinesia Prancis">Polinesia Prancis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa_Amerika" title="Samoa Amerika">Samoa Amerika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_dan_Futuna" title="Wallis dan Futuna">Wallis dan Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>1</sup></span> Terkadang dimasukkan ke <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Organisasi_internasional" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Organisasi_internasional" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Organisasi internasional</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Negara_anggota_dan_pengamat_La_Francophonie" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:La_Francophonie" title="Templat:La Francophonie"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:La_Francophonie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:La Francophonie (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:La_Francophonie&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Negara_anggota_dan_pengamat_La_Francophonie" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Negara anggota dan pengamat <a href="/wiki/Francophonie" class="mw-redirect" title="Francophonie">La Francophonie</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anggota</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrika_Tengah" title="Afrika Tengah">Afrika Tengah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgia" title="Belgia">Belgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominika" title="Dominika">Dominika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea_Khatulistiwa" title="Guinea Khatulistiwa">Guinea Khatulistiwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jibuti" title="Jibuti">Jibuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamboja" title="Kamboja">Kamboja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamerun" title="Kamerun">Kamerun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komoro" title="Komoro">Komoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luksemburg" title="Luksemburg">Luksemburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar">Madagaskar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makedonia_Utara" title="Makedonia Utara">Makedonia Utara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maroko" title="Maroko">Maroko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesir" title="Mesir">Mesir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monako" title="Monako">Monako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantai_Gading" title="Pantai Gading">Pantai Gading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis">Prancis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republik_Demokratik_Kongo" title="Republik Demokratik Kongo">Republik Demokratik Kongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republik_Kongo" title="Republik Kongo">Republik Kongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumania" title="Rumania">Rumania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sao_Tome_dan_Principe" title="Sao Tome dan Principe">Sao Tome dan Principe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss" title="Swiss">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Verde" title="Tanjung Verde">Tanjung Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani">Yunani</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Flag_of_La_Francophonie.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bendera La Francophonie"><img alt="Bendera La Francophonie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_La_Francophonie.svg/75px-Flag_of_La_Francophonie.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_La_Francophonie.svg/113px-Flag_of_La_Francophonie.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_La_Francophonie.svg/150px-Flag_of_La_Francophonie.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nasional/regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Komunitas_Prancis_di_Belgia" title="Komunitas Prancis di Belgia">Komunitas Prancis di Belgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anggota rekan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gambia" title="Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siprus" title="Siprus">Siprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uni_Emirat_Arab" title="Uni Emirat Arab">Uni Emirat Arab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peninjau</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_dan_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia dan Herzegovina">Bosnia dan Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceko" title="Ceko">Ceko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia" title="Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungaria" title="Hungaria">Hungaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Selatan" title="Korea Selatan">Korea Selatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kroasia" title="Kroasia">Kroasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania">Lituania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meksiko" title="Meksiko">Meksiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik">Mozambik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polandia" title="Polandia">Polandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republik_Dominika" title="Republik Dominika">Republik Dominika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republik_Irlandia" title="Republik Irlandia">Republik Irlandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slowakia" title="Slowakia">Slowakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraina" title="Ukraina">Ukraina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disanksi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Negara-Negara_Persemakmuran" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#0D2981;color:#FFC926;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Negara-negara_Persemakmuran" title="Templat:Negara-negara Persemakmuran"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini" style="color:#FFC926">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Negara-negara_Persemakmuran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Negara-negara Persemakmuran (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini" style="color:#FFC926">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Negara-negara_Persemakmuran&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini" style="color:#FFC926">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Negara-Negara_Persemakmuran" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Negara-Negara_Persemakmuran" class="mw-redirect" title="Negara-Negara Persemakmuran"><span style="color:#FFC926;">Negara-Negara Persemakmuran</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#274490;color:#FFC926"><a href="/wiki/Negara_berdaulat" title="Negara berdaulat"><span style="color:#CDA749;">Negara berdaulat</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Afrika_Selatan" title="Afrika Selatan">Afrika Selatan</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Antigua_dan_Barbuda" title="Antigua dan Barbuda">Antigua dan Barbuda</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Bahama" title="Bahama">Bahama</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <b><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Britania_Raya" title="Britania Raya">Britania Raya</a></span></b><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Brunei" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunei">Brunei</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Dominika" title="Dominika">Dominika</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Gambia" title="Gambia">Gambia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Jamaika" title="Jamaika">Jamaika</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kamerun" title="Kamerun">Kamerun</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Maladewa" title="Maladewa">Maladewa</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik">Mozambik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Papua_Nugini" title="Papua Nugini">Papua Nugini</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_dan_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts dan Nevis">Saint Kitts dan Nevis</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_dan_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent dan Grenadines">Saint Vincent dan Grenadines</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Salomo" class="mw-redirect" title="Kepulauan Salomo">Kepulauan Salomo</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Selandia_Baru" title="Selandia Baru">Selandia Baru</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Singapura" title="Singapura">Singapura</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Siprus" title="Siprus">Siprus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_dan_Tobago" title="Trinidad dan Tobago">Trinidad dan Tobago</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vanuatu</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a> </p> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q686#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q686#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengawasan_otoritas" title="Bantuan:Pengawasan otoritas">Pengawasan otoritas</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q686#identifiers" title="Sunting ini di Wikidata"><img alt="Sunting ini di Wikidata" 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