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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Americas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Americas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Americas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Americas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_regions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_regions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Other regions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_regions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Control" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Control"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Control</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Control-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Control subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Control-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Crown_removal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crown_removal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Crown removal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crown_removal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Herbicide" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Herbicide"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Herbicide</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Herbicide-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fungi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fungi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Fungi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fungi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Uses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Soil_improvement_and_preservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soil_improvement_and_preservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Soil improvement and preservation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soil_improvement_and_preservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Animal_feed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Animal_feed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Animal feed</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Animal_feed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Basketry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Basketry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Basketry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Basketry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phytochemicals_and_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phytochemicals_and_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Phytochemicals and uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phytochemicals_and_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Food" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Food"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Food</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Food-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Folk_medicine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Folk_medicine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Folk medicine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Folk_medicine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fiber" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fiber"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span> <span>Fiber</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fiber-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.8</span> <span>Other uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kudzu</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 8 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-8" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">8 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kudzu_(Pflanze)" title="Kudzu (Pflanze) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kudzu (Pflanze)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kudzu" title="Kudzu – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kudzu" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B2%D9%88" title="کودزو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کودزو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kudzu" title="Kudzu – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kudzu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kudzu" title="Kudzu – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kudzu" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81" title="കുഡ്സു – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കുഡ്സു" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kudzu" title="Kudzu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kudzu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%E1%BA%AFn_d%C3%A2y" title="Sắn dây – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sắn dây" 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item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button 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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Kudzu_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Kudzu (disambiguation)">Kudzu (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"葛" redirects here. For the surname, see <a href="/wiki/Ge_(surname)" title="Ge (surname)">Ge (surname)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Missing_information plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/66px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/88px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>is missing information</b> about native ecology (mainly predation).<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Kudzu" title="Talk:Kudzu">talk page</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kudzu_on_trees_in_Atlanta,_Georgia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Kudzu_on_trees_in_Atlanta%2C_Georgia.jpg/330px-Kudzu_on_trees_in_Atlanta%2C_Georgia.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Kudzu_on_trees_in_Atlanta%2C_Georgia.jpg/500px-Kudzu_on_trees_in_Atlanta%2C_Georgia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Kudzu_on_trees_in_Atlanta%2C_Georgia.jpg/960px-Kudzu_on_trees_in_Atlanta%2C_Georgia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2016" data-file-height="1242" /></a><figcaption>Kudzu smothering trees in <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>, Georgia, US</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Kudzu</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="/u/: 'u' in 'influence'">u</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ʊ/: 'u' in 'push'">ʊ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span></span>-,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span></span>-/</a></span></span>), also called <b>Japanese arrowroot</b> or <b>Chinese arrowroot</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GRIN_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRIN-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a group of climbing, coiling, and trailing deciduous perennial vines native to much of <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>, and some <a href="/wiki/Pacific_islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific islands">Pacific islands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GRIN_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRIN-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is <a href="/wiki/Invasive_species" title="Invasive species">invasive</a> in many parts of the world, primarily <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>. </p><p>The vine densely climbs over other plants and trees and grows so rapidly that it smothers and kills them by blocking most of the sunlight and taking root space.<sup id="cite_ref-alabama_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alabama-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plants are in the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Pueraria" title="Pueraria">Pueraria</a></i>, in the pea family <a href="/wiki/Fabaceae" title="Fabaceae">Fabaceae</a>, subfamily <a href="/wiki/Faboideae" title="Faboideae">Faboideae</a>. The name is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a> name for the plant <a href="/wiki/East_Asian_arrowroot" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian arrowroot">East Asian arrowroot</a>, (<i>Pueraria montana</i> var. <i>lobata</i>), <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">kuzu</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">クズ/葛</span></span>)</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Where these plants are <a href="/wiki/Naturalisation_(biology)" title="Naturalisation (biology)">naturalized</a>, they can be invasive and are considered <a href="/wiki/Noxious_weed" title="Noxious weed">noxious weeds</a>. The plant is edible, but often sprayed with herbicides.<sup id="cite_ref-alabama_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alabama-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kudzu&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Taxonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kudzu_seedpods_6580.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Kudzu_seedpods_6580.JPG/250px-Kudzu_seedpods_6580.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Kudzu_seedpods_6580.JPG/330px-Kudzu_seedpods_6580.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Kudzu_seedpods_6580.JPG/500px-Kudzu_seedpods_6580.JPG 2x" data-file-width="985" data-file-height="1185" /></a><figcaption>Kudzu seedpods</figcaption></figure> <p>The name kudzu describes one or more species in the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Pueraria" title="Pueraria">Pueraria</a></i> that are closely related, and some of them are considered to be <a href="/wiki/Variety_(botany)" title="Variety (botany)">varieties</a> rather than full species. The morphological differences between the subspecies of <i>P. montana</i> are subtle; they can breed with each other, and introduced kudzu populations <a href="/wiki/Kudzu_in_the_United_States" title="Kudzu in the United States">in the United States</a> apparently have ancestry from more than one of the subspecies.<sup id="cite_ref-jewett2003_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jewett2003-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pueraria_montana" title="Pueraria montana">P. montana</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pueraria_montana_var._chinensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pueraria montana var. chinensis (page does not exist)"><i>Pueraria montana</i> var. <i>chinensis</i></a> <small>(Ohwi) Sanjappa & Pradeep</small> (= <i>P. chinensis</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueraria_montana_var._lobata" title="Pueraria montana var. lobata"><i>Pueraria montana</i> var. <i>lobata</i></a> <small>(Willd.) Sanjappa & Pradeep</small> (= <i>P. lobata</i>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pueraria_montana_var._thomsonii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pueraria montana var. thomsonii (page does not exist)"><i>Pueraria montana</i> var. <i>thomsonii</i></a> <small>(Benth.) Wiersema ex D.B. Ward</small> (= <i>P. thomsonii</i>)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pueraria_edulis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pueraria edulis (page does not exist)">P. edulis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pueraria_phaseoloides" class="mw-redirect" title="Pueraria phaseoloides">P. phaseoloides</a></i> – proposed to be moved to <i><a href="/wiki/Neustanthus" title="Neustanthus">Neustanthus</a></i></li></ul> <p>Various other species in <i>Pueraria</i> sensu stricto are also known as "kudzu" with an adjective, but they are not as widely cultivated or introduced.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecology">Ecology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kudzu&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kudzu has been referred to as "quasi-wild" due to its long history of cultivation, selective breeding into various cultivars, and subsequent return to wild conditions. Some researchers suggest that humans are the main predator of kudzu in its native range, and that human use and cultivation of kudzu both contributes to its success as an invasive species and is a form of biological control for kudzu.<sup id="cite_ref-Zhenyu_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhenyu-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Propagation">Propagation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kudzu&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Propagation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/60px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/120px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Kudzu" title="Special:EditPage/Kudzu">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Kudzu%22">"Kudzu"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Kudzu%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Kudzu%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Kudzu%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Kudzu%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Kudzu%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Kudzu spreads by <a href="/wiki/Vegetative_reproduction" title="Vegetative reproduction">vegetative reproduction</a> via <a href="/wiki/Stolon" title="Stolon">stolons</a> (runners) that <a href="/wiki/Root" title="Root">root</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Node_(botany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Node (botany)">nodes</a> to form new plants and by <a href="/wiki/Rhizome" title="Rhizome">rhizomes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kudzu also spreads by <a href="/wiki/Seed" title="Seed">seeds</a>, which are contained in pods and mature in the autumn, although this is rare.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One or two viable seeds are produced per cluster of pods. The hard-coated seeds can remain viable for several years, and can successfully germinate only when soil is persistently soggy for 5–7 days, with temperatures above 20 °C (68 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flowering_kudzu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flowering_kudzu.jpg/250px-Flowering_kudzu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="338" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flowering_kudzu.jpg/330px-Flowering_kudzu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flowering_kudzu.jpg/500px-Flowering_kudzu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1760" data-file-height="2700" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Pueraria_montana" title="Pueraria montana">Pueraria montana</a></i> flowers</figcaption></figure> <p>Once germinated, saplings must be kept in a well-drained medium that retains high moisture. During this stage of growth, kudzu must receive as much <a href="/wiki/Sunlight" title="Sunlight">sunlight</a> as possible.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kudzu saplings are sensitive to mechanical disturbance and are damaged by chemical fertilizers. They do not tolerate long periods of shade or high water tables. Kudzu is able to withstand environments ranging from sunny to shady upon reaching its mature stage; however, forest edges with greater light availability are optimal.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Invasive_species">Invasive species</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kudzu&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Invasive species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KudzuPlants.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/KudzuPlants.JPG/250px-KudzuPlants.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/KudzuPlants.JPG/330px-KudzuPlants.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/KudzuPlants.JPG/500px-KudzuPlants.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Kudzu plants near <a href="/wiki/Canton,_Georgia" title="Canton, Georgia">Canton</a>, Georgia</figcaption></figure><p> Kudzu's environmental and <a href="/wiki/Environmental_degradation" title="Environmental degradation">ecological damage</a> results from its outcompeting other species for a resource. Kudzu competes with native flora for light, and acts to block their access to this vital resource by growing over them and shading them with its leaves. Native plants may then die as a result.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kudzu_graveyard_(40580p).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Kudzu_graveyard_%2840580p%29.jpg/330px-Kudzu_graveyard_%2840580p%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Kudzu_graveyard_%2840580p%29.jpg/500px-Kudzu_graveyard_%2840580p%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Kudzu_graveyard_%2840580p%29.jpg/960px-Kudzu_graveyard_%2840580p%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7195" data-file-height="3453" /></a><figcaption>Woodland covered in kudzu, <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>, NY</figcaption></figure><p>When kudzu invades an ecosystem, it makes the <a href="/wiki/Plant_litter" title="Plant litter">leaf litter</a> more <a href="/wiki/Lability" title="Lability">labile</a>, thereby lessening the <a href="/wiki/Carbon_sequestration" title="Carbon sequestration">carbon sequestration</a> ability of the soil. This feeds climate change.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Americas">Americas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kudzu&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Americas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Kudzu_in_the_United_States" title="Kudzu in the United States">Kudzu in the United States</a></div> <p>Kudzu is an infamous weed in the United States,<sup id="cite_ref-Finch_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Finch-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where it can be found in 32 states.<sup id="cite_ref-Crockett_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crockett-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is common along roadsides and other disturbed areas throughout most of the southeast,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as far north as rural areas of <a href="/wiki/Pulaski_County,_Illinois" title="Pulaski County, Illinois">Pulaski County, Illinois</a>. The vine has become a sore point in <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Southern_United_States" title="Culture of the Southern United States">Southern US culture</a>. Estimates of its rate of spreading differ wildly; it has been described as spreading at the rate of 150,000 acres (610 km<sup>2</sup>) annually,<sup id="cite_ref-scidai_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scidai-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although in 2015 the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Forest_Service" title="United States Forest Service">United States Forest Service</a> estimated the rate to be only 2,500 acres (10 km<sup>2</sup>) per year.<sup id="cite_ref-Finch_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Finch-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> A small patch of kudzu was discovered in 2009 in <a href="/wiki/Leamington,_Ontario" title="Leamington, Ontario">Leamington, Ontario</a>, the second-warmest growing region of Canada after south coastal British Columbia.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Photograph_of_dairy_cows_grazing_on_kudzu_on_the_farm_of_G.A._Herford,_Columbia_County,_Georgia,_1952-1957%3F_-_DPLA_-_b3294bc96a065665a0517370b52f8a6a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Photograph_of_dairy_cows_grazing_on_kudzu_on_the_farm_of_G.A._Herford%2C_Columbia_County%2C_Georgia%2C_1952-1957%3F_-_DPLA_-_b3294bc96a065665a0517370b52f8a6a.jpg/250px-Photograph_of_dairy_cows_grazing_on_kudzu_on_the_farm_of_G.A._Herford%2C_Columbia_County%2C_Georgia%2C_1952-1957%3F_-_DPLA_-_b3294bc96a065665a0517370b52f8a6a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Photograph_of_dairy_cows_grazing_on_kudzu_on_the_farm_of_G.A._Herford%2C_Columbia_County%2C_Georgia%2C_1952-1957%3F_-_DPLA_-_b3294bc96a065665a0517370b52f8a6a.jpg/330px-Photograph_of_dairy_cows_grazing_on_kudzu_on_the_farm_of_G.A._Herford%2C_Columbia_County%2C_Georgia%2C_1952-1957%3F_-_DPLA_-_b3294bc96a065665a0517370b52f8a6a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Photograph_of_dairy_cows_grazing_on_kudzu_on_the_farm_of_G.A._Herford%2C_Columbia_County%2C_Georgia%2C_1952-1957%3F_-_DPLA_-_b3294bc96a065665a0517370b52f8a6a.jpg/500px-Photograph_of_dairy_cows_grazing_on_kudzu_on_the_farm_of_G.A._Herford%2C_Columbia_County%2C_Georgia%2C_1952-1957%3F_-_DPLA_-_b3294bc96a065665a0517370b52f8a6a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3774" data-file-height="3036" /></a><figcaption>Dairy cows grazing on kudzu in <a href="/wiki/Columbia_County,_Georgia" title="Columbia County, Georgia">Columbia County, Georgia</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1950s</span></figcaption></figure><p> Kudzu was introduced from Japan into the United States at the Japanese pavilion in the 1876 <a href="/wiki/Centennial_Exposition" title="Centennial Exposition">Centennial Exposition</a> in Philadelphia.<sup id="cite_ref-stewart_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stewart-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also shown at the <a href="/wiki/World%27s_Columbian_Exposition" title="World's Columbian Exposition">Chicago World's Fair</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Crockett_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crockett-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It remained a garden plant until the <a href="/wiki/Dust_Bowl" title="Dust Bowl">Dust Bowl</a> era (1930s–1940s), when the vine was marketed as a way for farmers to stop <a href="/wiki/Soil_erosion" title="Soil erosion">soil erosion</a>. The new <a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">Soil Conservation Service</a> grew seventy million kudzu seedlings and paid $8 an acre (equivalent to $180 in 2024) to anyone who would sow the vine. Road and rail builders planted kudzu to stabilize steep slopes. Farmer and journalist Channing Cope, dubbed "kudzu kid" in a 1949 <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)"><i>Time</i></a> profile, popularised it in the South as a fix for eroded soils. He started the Kudzu Club of America, which, by 1943, had 20,000 members. The club aimed to plant 8 million acres (32,000 km<sup>2</sup>) across the South.<sup id="cite_ref-Finch_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Finch-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cultivation peaked at over one million acres (4,000 km<sup>2</sup>) by 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once Soil Service payments ended, much of the kudzu was destroyed as farmers turned the land over to more profitable uses. The Soil Conservation Service stopped promoting kudzu altogether by the 1950s.<sup id="cite_ref-Finch_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Finch-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Habana,_plantas_(1983)_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/La_Habana%2C_plantas_%281983%29_03.jpg/250px-La_Habana%2C_plantas_%281983%29_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/La_Habana%2C_plantas_%281983%29_03.jpg/330px-La_Habana%2C_plantas_%281983%29_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/La_Habana%2C_plantas_%281983%29_03.jpg/500px-La_Habana%2C_plantas_%281983%29_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="996" data-file-height="694" /></a><figcaption>Almendares Park in <a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</a>, 1983</figcaption></figure> <p>Kudzu's ongoing mythos as a mile-a-minute invader is likely due to its visibility coating trees at wooded roadsides, thriving in the sunshine at the forest edge. Despite kudzu's notoriety, <a href="/wiki/Privet_as_an_invasive_plant" title="Privet as an invasive plant">Asian privet</a> and invasive <a href="/wiki/Rose" title="Rose">roses</a> have each proved to be greater threats in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-Finch_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Finch-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kudzu&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Europe, kudzu has been included since 2016 on the <a href="/wiki/List_of_invasive_alien_species_of_Union_concern" title="List of invasive alien species of Union concern">list of Invasive Alien Species of Union concern</a> (the Union list).<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This means that this species cannot be imported, cultivated, transported, commercialized, planted, or intentionally released into the environment anywhere in the European Union.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are only some kudzu populations in certain regions of Italy and Switzerland. In Switzerland it occurs almost exclusively in <a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">Ticino</a>, where it has been found in the wild since at least 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most outbreaks are concentrated around <a href="/wiki/Lake_Lugano" title="Lake Lugano">Lake Lugano</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Maggiore" title="Lake Maggiore">Lake Maggiore</a>, where the climate (hot summers and mild winters) encourages its growth. However, outbreaks in peripheral areas such as the Onsernone Valley and Lower Leventina are likely due to the illegal disposal of plant waste. A plan is currently in place to reduce and eventually eradicate the kudzu population in Ticino.<sup id="cite_ref-wwnet_moretti_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wwnet_moretti-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_regions">Other regions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kudzu&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Other regions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, kudzu was introduced to <a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a> by <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">United States Armed Forces</a> to serve as <a href="/wiki/Military_camouflage" title="Military camouflage">camouflage</a> for equipment and has become a major weed.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Australia, Kudzu is also becoming a problem in <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory" title="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, kudzu was declared an "unwanted organism" and was added to the Biosecurity New Zealand register in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Control">Control</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kudzu&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Control"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crown_removal">Crown removal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kudzu&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Crown removal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Destroying the full underground system, which can be extremely large and deep, is not necessary for successful long-term control of kudzu. Killing or removing the kudzu <a href="/wiki/Root_crown" title="Root crown">root crown</a><sup id="cite_ref-kokudzu_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kokudzu-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and all rooting runners is sufficient. The root crown is a fibrous knob of tissue that sits on top of the roots. Crowns form from multiple vine nodes that root to the ground, and range from pea- to basketball-sized.<sup id="cite_ref-kokudzu_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kokudzu-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These crowns and attached tuberous roots can weigh 400 or 500 pounds (180 to 225 kilograms) and extend up to twenty feet (six meters) into the ground.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The age of the crowns is correlated to how deep they are in the ground. Nodes and crowns are the source of all kudzu vines, and roots cannot produce vines. If any portion of a root crown remains after attempted removal, the kudzu plant may still grow back.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Mechanical methods of control involve cutting off crowns from roots, usually just below ground level. This immediately kills the plant. Cutting off the above-ground vines is not sufficient for an immediate kill. Destroying all removed crown material is necessary. Buried crowns can regenerate into healthy kudzu. Transporting crowns in soil removed from a kudzu infestation is one common way that kudzu unexpectedly spreads and shows up in new locations.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Close mowing every week, regular heavy <a href="/wiki/Grazing" title="Grazing">grazing</a> for many successive years, or repeated <a href="/wiki/Tillage" title="Tillage">cultivation</a> may be effective, as this serves to deplete root reserves.<sup id="cite_ref-kokudzu_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kokudzu-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If done in the spring, cutting off vines must be repeated. Regrowth appears to exhaust the plant's stored <a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">carbohydrate</a> reserves. Harvested kudzu can be fed to livestock, burned, or composted.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the United States, the city of <a href="/wiki/Chattanooga,_Tennessee" title="Chattanooga, Tennessee">Chattanooga, Tennessee</a>, undertook a trial program in 2010 using <a href="/wiki/Goat" title="Goat">goats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Llama" title="Llama">llamas</a> to graze on the plant. Similar efforts to reduce widespread nuisance kudzu growth have also been undertaken in the cities of <a href="/wiki/Winston-Salem,_North_Carolina" title="Winston-Salem, North Carolina">Winston-Salem, North Carolina</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-WXII12.com_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WXII12.com-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Tallahassee,_Florida" title="Tallahassee, Florida">Tallahassee, Florida</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Prescribed_burning" class="mw-redirect" title="Prescribed burning">Prescribed burning</a> is used on old extensive infestations to remove vegetative cover and promote seed germination for removal or treatment. While fire is not an effective way to kill kudzu,<sup id="cite_ref-kokudzu_37-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kokudzu-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> equipment, such as a <a href="/wiki/Skid_loader" class="mw-redirect" title="Skid loader">skid loader</a>, can later remove crowns and kill kudzu with minimal disturbance or erosion of soil.<sup id="cite_ref-washington_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-washington-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Herbicide">Herbicide</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kudzu&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Herbicide"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A systemic <a href="/wiki/Herbicide" title="Herbicide">herbicide</a>, for example, <a href="/wiki/Glyphosate" title="Glyphosate">glyphosate</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-SE_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SE-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Triclopyr" title="Triclopyr">triclopyr</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-SE_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SE-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="/wiki/Picloram" title="Picloram">picloram</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-MDC_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MDC-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> can be applied directly on cut stems, which is an effective means of transporting the herbicide into the kudzu's extensive root system.<sup id="cite_ref-NPS_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPS-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Herbicides can be used after other methods of control, such as mowing, grazing, or burning, which can allow for an easier application of the chemical to the weakened plants.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In large-scale forestry infestations, soil-active herbicides have been shown to be highly effective.<sup id="cite_ref-NPS_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPS-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After initial herbicidal treatment, follow-up treatments and monitoring are usually necessary, depending on how long the kudzu has been growing in an area. Up to 10 years of supervision may be needed after the initial chemical placement to make sure the plant does not return.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fungi">Fungi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kudzu&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Fungi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 1998, the United States' <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Research_Service" title="Agricultural Research Service">Agricultural Research Service</a> has experimented with using the fungus <i><a href="/wiki/Myrothecium_verrucaria" title="Myrothecium verrucaria">Myrothecium verrucaria</a></i> as a biologically based herbicide against kudzu.<sup id="cite_ref-scidai_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scidai-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Diacetylverrucarol" title="Diacetylverrucarol">diacetylverrucarol</a> spray based on <i>M. verrucaria</i> works under a variety of conditions (including the absence of <a href="/wiki/Dew" title="Dew">dew</a>), causes minimal injury to many of the other woody plants in kudzu-infested habitats, and takes effect quickly enough that kudzu treated with it in the morning starts showing evidence of damage by midafternoon.<sup id="cite_ref-scidai_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scidai-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initial formulations of the herbicide produced toxic levels of other <a href="/wiki/Trichothecene" title="Trichothecene">trichothecenes</a> as byproducts, though the ARS discovered that growing <i>M. verrucaria</i> in a <a href="/wiki/Fermenter" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermenter">fermenter</a> on a liquid diet (instead of a solid) limited or eliminated the problem.<sup id="cite_ref-scidai_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scidai-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kudzu&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soil_improvement_and_preservation">Soil improvement and preservation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kudzu&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Soil improvement and preservation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kudzu has been used as a form of <a href="/wiki/Erosion_control" title="Erosion control">erosion control</a> and to enhance the soil. As a <a href="/wiki/Legume" title="Legume">legume</a>, it increases the <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a> in the soil by a symbiotic relationship with <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_fixation" title="Nitrogen fixation">nitrogen-fixing</a> <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">bacteria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-appalachia_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-appalachia-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its deep taproots also transfer valuable minerals from the <a href="/wiki/Subsoil" title="Subsoil">subsoil</a> to the topsoil, thereby improving the topsoil. In the deforested section of the central <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Basin">Amazon Basin</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, it has been used for improving the soil pore-space in clay <a href="/wiki/Latosol" title="Latosol">latosols</a>, thus freeing even more water for plants than in the soil prior to deforestation.<sup id="cite_ref-brazil_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brazil-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Animal_feed">Animal feed</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kudzu&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Animal feed"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kudzu can be used by grazing animals, as it is high in quality as a <a href="/wiki/Fodder" title="Fodder">forage</a> and palatable to <a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">livestock</a>. It can be grazed until <a href="/wiki/Frost" title="Frost">frost</a> and even slightly after. Kudzu had been used in the southern United States specifically to feed goats on land that had limited resources. Kudzu <a href="/wiki/Hay" title="Hay">hay</a> typically has a 22–23% crude protein content and over 60% total digestible nutrient value. The quality of the leaves decreases as <a href="/wiki/Vine" title="Vine">vine</a> content increases relative to the <a href="/wiki/Leaf" title="Leaf">leaf</a> content. Kudzu also has low forage yields despite its rate of <a href="/wiki/Cell_growth" title="Cell growth">growth</a>, yielding around two to four tons of dry matter per acre annually. It is also difficult to bale due to its vining growth and its slowness in shedding water. This makes it necessary to place kudzu hay under sheltered protection after being baled. Fresh kudzu is readily consumed by all types of grazing animals, but frequent grazing over three to four years can ruin even established stands. Thus, kudzu only serves well as a grazing crop on a temporary basis.<sup id="cite_ref-alabama_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alabama-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basketry">Basketry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kudzu&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Basketry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kudzu fiber has long been used for fiber art and basketry. The long runners which propagate the kudzu fields and the larger vines which cover trees make excellent weaving material. Some basketmakers use the material green. Others use it after splitting it in half, allowing it to dry and then rehydrating it using hot water. Both traditional and contemporary basketry artists use kudzu.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kudzu_basket_hen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A basket with a large vine and its tendrils incorporated into the weave" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Kudzu_basket_hen.jpg/250px-Kudzu_basket_hen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Kudzu_basket_hen.jpg/330px-Kudzu_basket_hen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Kudzu_basket_hen.jpg/500px-Kudzu_basket_hen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2250" /></a><figcaption>Appalachian hen basket, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2011</span></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phytochemicals_and_uses">Phytochemicals and uses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kudzu&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Phytochemicals and uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Kudzu contains <a href="/wiki/Isoflavone" title="Isoflavone">isoflavones</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Puerarin" title="Puerarin">puerarin</a> (about 60% of the total isoflavones), <a href="/wiki/Daidzein" title="Daidzein">daidzein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daidzin" title="Daidzin">daidzin</a> (structurally related to <a href="/wiki/Genistein" title="Genistein">genistein</a>), <a href="/wiki/Mirificin" title="Mirificin">mirificin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Salvianolic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Salvianolic acid">salvianolic acid</a>, among numerous others identified.<sup id="cite_ref-mol_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mol-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_medicine" title="Traditional Chinese medicine">traditional Chinese medicine</a>, where it is known as <i>gé gēn</i> (gegen), kudzu is considered one of the <a href="/wiki/50_Fundamental_Herbs" class="mw-redirect" title="50 Fundamental Herbs">50 fundamental herbs</a> thought to have therapeutic effects, although there is no high-quality <a href="/wiki/Clinical_research" title="Clinical research">clinical research</a> to indicate it has any activity or therapeutic use in humans.<sup id="cite_ref-drugs_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-msk_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-msk-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Compounds of <a href="/wiki/Icariin" title="Icariin">icariin</a>, astragalus, and <a href="/wiki/Puerarin" title="Puerarin">puerarin</a> mitigates iron overload in the cerebral cortex of mice with Alzheimer's disease.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Adverse_effect" title="Adverse effect">Adverse effects</a> may occur if kudzu is taken by people with hormone-sensitive cancer or those taking <a href="/wiki/Tamoxifen" title="Tamoxifen">tamoxifen</a>, antidiabetic medications, or <a href="/wiki/Methotrexate" title="Methotrexate">methotrexate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-msk_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-msk-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KudzuLeaves.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/KudzuLeaves.JPG/250px-KudzuLeaves.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/KudzuLeaves.JPG/330px-KudzuLeaves.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/KudzuLeaves.JPG/500px-KudzuLeaves.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Kudzu leaves near <a href="/wiki/Canton,_Georgia" title="Canton, Georgia">Canton, Georgia</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Food">Food</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kudzu&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Food"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kuzuko" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuzuko">The roots</a> contain <a href="/wiki/Starch" title="Starch">starch</a>, which has traditionally been used as a food ingredient in East and Southeast Asia. In <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, the starch, called <i>bột sắn dây</i>, is flavoured with <a href="/wiki/Pomelo" title="Pomelo">pomelo</a> oil and then used as a drink in the summer. In <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a>, the plant root is made into <a href="/wiki/Arrowroot_tea" title="Arrowroot tea"><i>chikcha</i></a> (칡차; "arrowroot tea"), used in traditional medicine, and processed starch used for culinary purposes such as primary ingredient for <a href="/wiki/Naengmyeon" title="Naengmyeon">naengmyeon</a> (칡냉면). In <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, the plant is known as <i>kuzu</i> and the starch named <i><a href="/wiki/Kuzuko" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuzuko">kuzuko</a></i>. <i>Kuzuko</i> is used in dishes including <i><a href="/wiki/Kuzumochi" title="Kuzumochi">kuzumochi</a>, mizu <a href="/wiki/Manj%C5%AB" title="Manjū">manjū</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Kuzuyu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuzuyu">kuzuyu</a></i>. It also serves as a thickener for sauces, and can be a substitute for cornstarch.<sup id="cite_ref-ShurtleffAoyagi1977_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ShurtleffAoyagi1977-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2010_Kuzumochi(Kudzu_starch_cake)_by_Sanda-Minoya.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="a translucent jelly with black soybeans visible inside" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/2010_Kuzumochi%28Kudzu_starch_cake%29_by_Sanda-Minoya.jpg/220px-2010_Kuzumochi%28Kudzu_starch_cake%29_by_Sanda-Minoya.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/2010_Kuzumochi%28Kudzu_starch_cake%29_by_Sanda-Minoya.jpg/330px-2010_Kuzumochi%28Kudzu_starch_cake%29_by_Sanda-Minoya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/2010_Kuzumochi%28Kudzu_starch_cake%29_by_Sanda-Minoya.jpg/440px-2010_Kuzumochi%28Kudzu_starch_cake%29_by_Sanda-Minoya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1758" data-file-height="1574" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Kuzumochi" title="Kuzumochi">Kuzumochi</a></i>, a Japanese pudding</figcaption></figure> <p>The flowers are used to make a <a href="/wiki/Fruit_preserves" title="Fruit preserves">jelly</a> that tastes similar to grape jelly.<sup id="cite_ref-Burney_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burney-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-connoisseur_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-connoisseur-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roots, flowers, and leaves of kudzu show antioxidant activity that suggests food uses.<sup id="cite_ref-Burney_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burney-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nearby bee colonies may forage on kudzu nectar during droughts as a last resort, producing a low-viscosity red or purple <a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">honey</a> that tastes of grape jelly or <a href="/wiki/Bubble_gum" title="Bubble gum">bubblegum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-connoisseur_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-connoisseur-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Folk_medicine">Folk medicine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kudzu&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Folk medicine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kudzu has also been used for centuries in East Asia in <a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">folk medicine</a> using <a href="/wiki/Herbal_tea" title="Herbal tea">herbal teas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tincture" title="Tincture">tinctures</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-stewart_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stewart-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kudzu powder is used in Japan to make an herbal tea called <i><a href="/wiki/Kuzuyu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuzuyu">kuzuyu</a></i>. Kakkonto (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: 葛根湯; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">gégēntāng</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese" title="Romanization of Japanese">rōmaji</a>: <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">kakkontō</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> 'Kudzu Root Soup') is a herbal drink with its origin in <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_medicine" title="Traditional Chinese medicine">traditional Chinese medicine</a>, intended for people with various mild illnesses such as <a href="/wiki/Headache" title="Headache">headache</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-stewart_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stewart-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fiber">Fiber</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kudzu&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Fiber"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kudzu fiber, known as ko-hemp,<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is traditionally used to make clothing and paper,<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has also been investigated for industrial-scale use.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kudzu fiber is a <a href="/wiki/Bast_fiber" class="mw-redirect" title="Bast fiber">bast fiber</a> similar to hemp and linen and has been used for clothing in China for at least 6,000 years and in Japan for at least 1,500 years. In ancient China, kudzu was one of three main clothing and textile materials, with silk and ramie being the other two.<sup id="cite_ref-Zhenyu_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhenyu-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kudzu is still currently used in Japan, primarily to weave <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Obi_(sash)" title="Obi (sash)">obi</a></i></span> worn in the summer.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_uses">Other uses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kudzu&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Other uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It may become a valuable asset for the production of <a href="/wiki/Cellulosic_ethanol" title="Cellulosic ethanol">cellulosic ethanol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern United States</a>, kudzu is used to make <a href="/wiki/Soap" title="Soap">soaps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lotion" title="Lotion">lotions</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Compost" title="Compost">compost</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-basket_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-basket-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kudzu&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Megacopta_cribraria" title="Megacopta cribraria">Kudzu bug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kudzu_tea" class="mw-redirect" title="Kudzu tea">Kudzu tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kudzu_powder" title="Kudzu powder">Kudzu powder</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kudzu&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> The Japanese character <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">葛</span></span> was always rendered as <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">くず</span></span> in <a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">kana</a> (usually <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese" title="Romanization of Japanese">romanized</a> as <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">kuzu</i></span>) and pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ja-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[kɯzɯ]</a></span>, and the English spelling <i>kudzu</i> comes from an old <a href="/wiki/Hepburn_romanization" title="Hepburn romanization">Hepburn romanization</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another word "scrap"<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">屑</span></span>)</span> was rendered as <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">kudzu</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">くづ</span></span>)</span> and pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ja-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[kɯdzɯ]</a></span>. Both words are now spelled <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">くず</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">kuzu</i></span>), and most speakers of Japanese no longer make the <a href="/wiki/Phonemic_contrast" title="Phonemic contrast">distinction</a> between <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[zɯ]</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[dzɯ]</span> (a <a href="/wiki/Phonemic_merger" class="mw-redirect" title="Phonemic merger">phonemic merger</a>), so the two words are <a href="/wiki/Homonym" title="Homonym">homonyms</a> for them.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See, however, Zhang, Y., Kong, W. N., & Chai, X. Q. (2018).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kudzu&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNRCS" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">NRCS</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/PUMO">"<i>Pueraria montana (Lour.) 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"Kudzu (Pueraria Lobata): Potential agricultural and industrial resource". <i>Economic Botany</i>. <b>33</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">400–</span>412. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1979EcBot..33..400T">1979EcBot..33..400T</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02858336">10.1007/BF02858336</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1874-9364">1874-9364</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:2680987">2680987</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economic+Botany&rft.atitle=Kudzu+%28Pueraria+Lobata%29%3A+Potential+agricultural+and+industrial+resource&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E400-%3C%2Fspan%3E412&rft.date=1979-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF02858336&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A2680987%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1874-9364&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1979EcBot..33..400T&rft.au=Robert+D.+Tanner&rft.au=S.+Shahid+Hussain&rft.au=Lindsey+A.+Hamilton&rft.au=Frederick+T.+Wolf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKudzu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSibel_UludagVeara_LohaAles_ProkopRobert_D._Tanner1996" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Sibel Uludag; Veara Loha; Ales Prokop; Robert D. Tanner (March 1996). "The effect of fermentation (retting) time and harvest time on kudzu (<i>Pueraria lobata</i>) fiber strength". <i>Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology</i>. <span class="nowrap">57–</span>58 (1): <span class="nowrap">75–</span>84. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02941690">10.1007/BF02941690</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1559-0291">1559-0291</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:189908496">189908496</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+fermentation+%28retting%29+time+and+harvest+time+on+kudzu+%28Pueraria+lobata%29+fiber+strength&rft.volume=57%E2%80%9358&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E75-%3C%2Fspan%3E84&rft.date=1996-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A189908496%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1559-0291&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF02941690&rft.au=Sibel+Uludag&rft.au=Veara+Loha&rft.au=Ales+Prokop&rft.au=Robert+D.+Tanner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKudzu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.motoji.co.jp/blogs/artists-origins/kudzufu">"静岡県・葛布（くずふ）"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E9%9D%99%E5%B2%A1%E7%9C%8C%E3%83%BB%E8%91%9B%E5%B8%83%EF%BC%88%E3%81%8F%E3%81%9A%E3%81%B5%EF%BC%89&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.motoji.co.jp%2Fblogs%2Fartists-origins%2Fkudzufu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKudzu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard G. Lugar, R. James Woolsey. The New Petroleum. Foreign Affairs. 1999. Vol. 78, No 1. p. 88.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-basket-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-basket_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJeffrey_Collins2003" class="citation web cs1">Jeffrey Collins (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240621013954/https://www.dukeemployees.com/offthewall2.shtml">"If You Can't Beat Kudzu, Join It"</a>. <i>Off the Wall</i>. Duke Energy Employee Advocate. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dukeemployees.com/offthewall2.shtml">the original</a> on 21 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Off+the+Wall&rft.atitle=If+You+Can%27t+Beat+Kudzu%2C+Join+It&rft.date=2003&rft.au=Jeffrey+Collins&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dukeemployees.com%2Foffthewall2.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKudzu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><i>This article was based in part on content from <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> web pages from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Park_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Park Service">United States National Park Service</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Bureau_of_Land_Management" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Bureau of Land Management">United States Bureau of Land Management</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kudzu&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pueraria_montana" class="extiw" title="commons:Pueraria montana"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Kudzu</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/profile/kudzu">"Species Profile - Kudzu (<i>Pueraria montana var. lobata</i>)"</a>. National Invasive Species Information Center, <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Agricultural_Library" title="United States National Agricultural Library">United States National Agricultural Library</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Species+Profile+-+Kudzu+%28Pueraria+montana+var.+lobata%29&rft.pub=National+Invasive+Species+Information+Center%2C+United+States+National+Agricultural+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.invasivespeciesinfo.gov%2Fprofile%2Fkudzu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKudzu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ontarioinvasiveplants.ca/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/unwantedlettersKudzuPRINT1.pdf">"Kudzu Vine - One of Ontario's Most Unwanted Invasive Plant Species"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Ontario Invasive Plant Council.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kudzu+Vine+-+One+of+Ontario%27s+Most+Unwanted+Invasive+Plant+Species&rft.pub=Ontario+Invasive+Plant+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ontarioinvasiveplants.ca%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F07%2FunwantedlettersKudzuPRINT1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKudzu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFT._L._CopleyLuke_A._Forrest1953" class="citation book cs1">T. L. Copley; Luke A. Forrest (1953). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d.lib.ncsu.edu/collections/catalog/ua100_012-002-hb0002-003-000"><i>Kudzu in Rotation with Corn and Small Grain</i></a>. NCSU College of Agriculture and Life Sciences.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kudzu+in+Rotation+with+Corn+and+Small+Grain&rft.pub=NCSU+College+of+Agriculture+and+Life+Sciences&rft.date=1953&rft.au=T.+L.+Copley&rft.au=Luke+A.+Forrest&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fd.lib.ncsu.edu%2Fcollections%2Fcatalog%2Fua100_012-002-hb0002-003-000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKudzu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.motoji.co.jp/blogs/artists-origins/kudzufu">Artists and Origins, Kudzu-fu</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ginza_Motoji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ginza Motoji (page does not exist)">Ginza Motoji</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div 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