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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Holidays and observances</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Holidays_and_observances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moveable_holidays_and_observances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moveable_holidays_and_observances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Moveable holidays and observances</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moveable_holidays_and_observances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_history_and_tradition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_history_and_tradition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>In history and tradition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_history_and_tradition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Table_of_civil_dates_when_1_Nisan_occurs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Table_of_civil_dates_when_1_Nisan_occurs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Table of civil dates when 1 Nisan occurs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Table_of_civil_dates_when_1_Nisan_occurs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Other uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span 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Available in 44 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1)" title="نيسان (شهر) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نيسان (شهر)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisan" title="Nisan – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nisan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C)" title="نیسان (عبری) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نیسان (عبری)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="নিসান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নিসান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Нісан – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нісан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Нісан – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нісан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nissan_(hebreu)" title="Nissan (hebreu) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nissan (hebreu)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisan" title="Nisan – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Nisan" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisan" title="Nisan – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nisan" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisan" title="Nisan – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nisan" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisan_(Monat)" title="Nisan (Monat) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nisan (Monat)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisan" title="Nisan – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nisan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nis%C3%A1n" title="Nisán – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nisán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisano" title="Nisano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nisano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisan" title="Nisan – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nisan" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C)" title="نیسان (عبری) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیسان (عبری)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nissan_(mois)" title="Nissan (mois) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nissan (mois)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%88%EC%82%B0%EC%9B%94" title="니산월 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="니산월" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisan" title="Nisan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nisan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisan" title="Nisan – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Nisan" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisan" title="Nisan – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nisan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%9F" title="ניסן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ניסן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%97%E1%83%95%E1%83%94)" title="ნისანი (თვე) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნისანი (თვე)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Нисан – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Нисан" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisana_(volana_hebreo)" title="Nisana (volana hebreo) – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Nisana (volana hebreo)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisan_(takwim_Ibrani)" title="Nisan (takwim Ibrani) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nisan (takwim Ibrani)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisan" title="Nisan – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nisan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3" title="ニサン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニサン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nis%C3%A1n" title="Nisán – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nisán" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nis%C3%A1n" title="Nisán – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nisán" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisan" title="Nisan – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nisan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nissan_(m%C3%AAs)" title="Nissan (mês) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nissan (mês)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisan" title="Nisan – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nisan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Нисан – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нисан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisan" title="Nisan – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nisan" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisan" title="Nisan – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nisan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nis%C3%A1n" title="Nisán – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nisán" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisan" title="Nisan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nisan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisan" title="Nisan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Nisan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisan_(%C4%B0brani_takvimi)" title="Nisan (İbrani takvimi) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nisan (İbrani takvimi)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Нісан – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нісан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%9F" title="ניסן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ניסן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisan_(%C4%B0branki)" title="Nisan (İbranki) – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Nisan (İbranki)" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%95%A3%E6%9C%88" title="尼散月 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="尼散月" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q208192#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1st month of the Hebrew calendar</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a>. For the Gregorian calendar month Nisan in Turkey meaning April, see <a href="/wiki/Kha_b-Nisan" title="Kha b-Nisan">Kha b-Nisan</a>. For the Japanese automaker, see <a href="/wiki/Nissan" title="Nissan">Nissan</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Nisan_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Nisan (disambiguation)">Nisan (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Nisan" title="Special:EditPage/Nisan">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Nisan%22">"Nisan"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Nisan%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Nisan%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Nisan%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Nisan%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Nisan%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2010</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #ccf;">Nisan</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sedertable.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Sedertable.jpg/215px-Sedertable.jpg" decoding="async" width="215" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Sedertable.jpg/323px-Sedertable.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Sedertable.jpg/430px-Sedertable.jpg 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="747" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The <a href="/wiki/Passover_Seder" title="Passover Seder">Seder Table</a> the ritual feast in the Jewish holiday of <a href="/wiki/Passover" title="Passover">Passover</a> which occurs on the 15 Nisan.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Native name</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">נִיסָן</span>‎</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>)</span>, ܢܝܣܢ (<a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Calendars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Month number</th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number of days</th><td class="infobox-data">30</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Season" title="Season">Season</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Spring_(season)" title="Spring (season)">Spring</a> (<a href="/wiki/Northern_Hemisphere" title="Northern Hemisphere">Northern Hemisphere</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian equivalent</a></th><td class="infobox-data">March–April</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Significant days</th><td class="infobox-data plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passover" title="Passover">Passover</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akitu" title="Akitu">Akitu</a> (Assyrian New year)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><div style="width:100%"><div style="float: left; text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/Adar" title="Adar">Adar</a></div><div style="float: right; text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Iyar" title="Iyar">Iyar</a> →</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Nisan</b> (or <b>Nissan</b>; <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">נִיסָן</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew" title="Romanization of Hebrew">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">Nīsān</i></span> from <a href="/wiki/Akkadian_language" title="Akkadian language">Akkadian</a>: <span lang="akk">𒁈</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Akkadian-language romanization"><i lang="akk-Latn">Nissāni</i></span>) in the <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_calendar" title="Babylonian calendar">Babylonian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendars</a> is the month of the barley ripening and first month of spring. The name of the month is an <a href="/wiki/Akkadian_language" title="Akkadian language">Akkadian language</a> borrowing, although it ultimately originates in <a href="/wiki/Sumerian_language" title="Sumerian language">Sumerian</a> <i>nisag</i> "first fruits". In the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a> it is the first month of the ecclesiastical year, called the "first of the months of the year" (<a href="/wiki/Beshalach" title="Beshalach">Exodus 12</a>:1-2), "first month" (Ex 12:14), and the month of <i><a href="/wiki/Aviv" title="Aviv">Aviv</a></i> (Ex 13:4) <span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">בְּחֹ֖דֶשׁ הָאָבִֽיב</span></span> <i>ḥōḏeš hāʾāḇîḇ</i>). It is called Nissān in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Esther" title="Book of Esther">Book of Esther</a>. It is a month of 30 days. In the year 2025, 1 Nisan will occur on 30 March. Counting from 1 <a href="/wiki/Tishrei" title="Tishrei">Tishrei</a>, the civil new year, it would be the seventh month (eighth, in leap year), but in contemporary Jewish culture, both months are viewed as the first and seventh simultaneously, and are referred to as one or the other depending on the specific religious aspects being discussed. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name_and_origin">Name and origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nisan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name and origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The biblical Hebrew months were given enumerations instead of names. The new moon of <a href="/wiki/Aviv" title="Aviv">Aviv</a>, which in Hebrew means "barley ripening" and by extension "spring season"(Exodus 9:31) is one of the few called both by name and by its number, the first. Nisan and other Akkadian-origin names for the equivalent lunar months in the <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_calendar" title="Babylonian calendar">Babylonian calendar</a> came to be applied to the Hebrew calendar during the <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_captivity" title="Babylonian captivity">Babylonian captivity</a>, in which the month of Aviv's name was <i>Araḫ Nissānu</i>, the "month of beginning".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Holidays_and_observances">Holidays and observances</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nisan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Holidays and observances"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>1 Nisan</b> <a href="/wiki/Lunar_New_Year#Middle_East" title="Lunar New Year">Lunar new year</a>, marking the month of Aviv meaning <a href="/wiki/Spring_(season)" title="Spring (season)">spring</a>, as the first month of the year, which month was later called Nisan. The first national <a href="/wiki/Mitzvah" title="Mitzvah">mitzvah</a> that was given to the Jewish people to fix the calendar to the new moon of Aviv, according to the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Exodus" title="Book of Exodus">Book of Exodus</a> 12:1–2, 12:18. (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1456</span> BCE)</li> <li><b>10 Nisan</b> – <a href="/wiki/Yom_HaAliyah" title="Yom HaAliyah">Yom HaAliyah</a> – Aliyah Day, Israeli national holiday</li> <li><b>14 Nisan</b> – <a href="/wiki/Fast_of_the_Firstborn" title="Fast of the Firstborn">Fast of the Firstborn</a> – When the 14th falls on <a href="/wiki/Sabbath" title="Sabbath">Sabbath</a>, Ashkenazim observe it on 12 Nisan and Sephardim do not observe it at all</li> <li><b>14 Nisan</b> – <a href="/wiki/Passover_seder" class="mw-redirect" title="Passover seder">Passover seder</a> meal and <a href="/wiki/Haggadah" title="Haggadah">Haggadah</a> on the going out of the 14th and eve of the 15th</li> <li><b>15–21 Nisan (22 Nisan outside of Israel)</b> – Feast of <a href="/wiki/Matzot" class="mw-redirect" title="Matzot">Matzot</a> – <a href="/wiki/Passover" title="Passover">Passover</a> week</li> <li><b>23 Nisan</b> – <a href="/wiki/Mimouna" title="Mimouna">Mimouna</a> – a <a href="/wiki/Maghrebi" class="mw-redirect" title="Maghrebi">Maghrebi</a> Jewish celebration of the end of the Passover prohibition on eating <i><a href="/wiki/Chametz" title="Chametz">chametz</a></i>, on 22 Nisan within Israel</li> <li><b>27 Nisan</b> – <a href="/wiki/Yom_HaShoah" title="Yom HaShoah">Yom HaShoah</a> (Holocaust and Heroism Remembrance Day) – on 26 Nisan or 28 Nisan when the 27th falls on Friday or Sunday respectively, interfering with Shabbat</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Moveable_holidays_and_observances">Moveable holidays and observances</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nisan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Moveable holidays and observances"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shabbat_HaGadol" class="mw-redirect" title="Shabbat HaGadol">Shabbat HaGadol</a> is the sabbath which immediately precedes the 15 Nisan, the first day of <a href="/wiki/Pesach" class="mw-redirect" title="Pesach">Pesach</a>, which changes due to the leap year in the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_history_and_tradition">In history and tradition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nisan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In history and tradition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/20px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/30px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="width: auto;"><div class="mbox-text-span">This list is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">incomplete</a>; you can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nisan&action=edit">adding missing items</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><b>1 Nisan</b> The day the floodwaters receded from the earth, after the dove was sent out by <a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a> and returned with an <a href="/wiki/Olive_branch" title="Olive branch">olive branch</a>, according to <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Genesis</a> 8:10-13</li> <li><b>1 Nisan</b> (c. 1638 BCE) – Death of <a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a> according to the Talmud<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>1 Nisan</b> (c. 1533 BCE) – Death of <a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a> according to the Talmud<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>1 Nisan</b> (c. 1506 BCE) – Death of <a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a> according to the Talmud<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>1 Nisan</b> (c. 1455 BCE) – <a href="/wiki/Tabernacle" title="Tabernacle">Tabernacle</a> (<i>Mishkan</i>) inaugurated on the second year <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Exodus.40">"Exodus 40"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Exodus+40&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sefaria.org%2FExodus.40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANisan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><b>1 Nisan</b> (c. 1455 BCE) death of <a href="/wiki/Nadab_and_Abihu" title="Nadab and Abihu">Nadab and Abihu</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>1 Nisan</b> (c. 3761 BCE) – Creation of the Universe according to <a href="/wiki/Joshua_ben_Hananiah" title="Joshua ben Hananiah">Joshua ben Hananiah</a>'s opinion in the <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosh_Hashanah_(tractate)" title="Rosh Hashanah (tractate)">tractate Rosh Hashanah</a> 10b–11a).</li> <li><b>1 Nisan</b> (1772) – Birth of Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Nachman_of_Breslov" title="Nachman of Breslov">Nachman of Breslov</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><b>1 Nisan</b> (1892) – Death of Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Elimelech_Szapira" title="Elimelech Szapira">Elimelech Szapira</a> of Grodzhisk<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><b>2 Nisan</b> (1920) – Death of <a href="/wiki/Sholom_Dovber_Schneersohn" title="Sholom Dovber Schneersohn">Sholom Dovber Schneersohn</a>, the fifth <a href="/wiki/Chabad#Leadership" title="Chabad">Lubavitcher Rebbe</a>. His last words are recorded as, "I'm going to heaven; I leave you the writings."<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><b>3 Nisan</b> (1492) – The <a href="/wiki/Alhambra_Decree" title="Alhambra Decree">Alhambra Decree</a> orders the expulsion of Spanish Jews from <a href="/wiki/Castile_(historical_region)" title="Castile (historical region)">Castile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aragon" title="Aragon">Aragon</a> (but not <a href="/wiki/Navarre" title="Navarre">Navarre</a>).</li> <li><b>7 Nisan</b> (c. 1416 BCE) – <a href="/wiki/Joshua" title="Joshua">Joshua</a> sends two spies to <a href="/wiki/Tell_es-Sultan" title="Tell es-Sultan">Jericho</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><b>8 Nisan</b> (1948) – Birth of <a href="/wiki/Yaakov_Yechezkiya_Greenwald_II" title="Yaakov Yechezkiya Greenwald II">Yaakov Yechezkiya Greenwald II</a>, the present <a href="/wiki/Pupa_(Hasidic_dynasty)" title="Pupa (Hasidic dynasty)">Pupa Rebbe</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><b>10 Nisan</b> (c. 1456 BCE) – The first <a href="/wiki/Special_Shabbat#Shabbat_HaGadol" title="Special Shabbat">Shabbat HaGadol</a> was celebrated by the Israelites in Egypt five days before <a href="/wiki/The_Exodus" title="The Exodus">The Exodus</a>.</li> <li><b>10 Nisan</b> (c. 1417 BCE) – Yahrzeit of <a href="/wiki/Miriam" title="Miriam">Miriam</a> the prophetess, 39 years after the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Exodus" title="Book of Exodus">Exodus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>10 Nisan</b> (c. 1416 BCE) – The <a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelites</a> cross the <a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a> into <a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joshua" title="Book of Joshua">Book of Joshua</a>, 4)</li> <li><b>11 Nisan</b> (1270) – Death of <a href="/wiki/Nachmanides" title="Nachmanides">Nachmanides</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><b>11 Nisan</b> (1902) – Birth of the seventh Lubavitcher Rebbe, <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Mendel_Schneerson" title="Menachem Mendel Schneerson">Menachem Mendel Schneerson</a><sup id="cite_ref-Tzadikim_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tzadikim-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>13 Nisan</b> (c. 474 BCE) – <a href="/wiki/Haman" title="Haman">Haman</a>'s decree to annihilate the Jews is passed.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>13 Nisan</b> (1575) – Death of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Caro" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Caro">Joseph Caro</a>, author of the <i><a href="/wiki/Shulchan_Aruch" title="Shulchan Aruch">Shulchan Aruch</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>13 Nisan</b> (1866) – Death of <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Mendel_Schneersohn" title="Menachem Mendel Schneersohn">Menachem Mendel Schneersohn</a>, the third Lubavitcher Rebbe.<sup id="cite_ref-Tzadikim_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tzadikim-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>14 Nisan</b> (1135) – Birth of <a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><b>14 Nisan</b> (1943) – <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Ghetto_Uprising" title="Warsaw Ghetto Uprising">Warsaw Ghetto Uprising</a> begins. The uprising would last until 3 Iyar, and is now commemorated in Israel on 27 Nisan.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><b>14 Nisan</b> (c. 1456 BCE) – On the going out thereof, the eve of the 15th, was the first <a href="/wiki/Passover" title="Passover">Passover</a> meal, and the <a href="/wiki/Plagues_of_Egypt#10._Death_of_firstborn_son:_Ex._11:1–12:36" title="Plagues of Egypt">10th plague</a> on Egypt, the slaying of the firstborn.</li> <li><b>15 Nisan</b> (c. 1456 BCE) – <a href="/wiki/The_Exodus" title="The Exodus">The Exodus</a> from <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/With_a_strong_hand_and_an_outstretched_arm" title="With a strong hand and an outstretched arm">with a strong hand and an outstretched arm</a></li> <li><b>15 Nisan</b> (c. 1713 BCE) – Birth of <a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>15 Nisan</b> (474 BC) – <a href="/wiki/Esther" title="Esther">Esther</a> appears before <a href="/wiki/Ahasuerus" title="Ahasuerus">Ahasuerus</a> unsummoned and invites him and Haman to a feast to be held the same day. During the feast she requests that the king and Haman attend a second feast the next day.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><b>16 Nisan</b> (c. 1273 BCE) – The Israelites stop eating <a href="/wiki/Manna" title="Manna">manna</a> six days after entering the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Holy Land</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><b>16 Nisan</b> (c. 474 BCE) – Esther's second feast, during which she accuses Haman regarding his plot to annihilate her nation. Ahasuerus orders his servants to hang Haman.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><b>17 Nisan</b> (c. 24th century BCE) – Noah's Ark came to rest on mountains of Ararat<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>17 Nisan</b> (c. 474 BCE) – Haman hanged after Esther's second drinking party.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>21 Nisan</b> (c. 1456 BCE) – The <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a> splits, allowing Israel to escape the Egyptian army.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><b>26 Nisan</b> (c. 1386 BCE) – Traditional yahrzeit of <a href="/wiki/Joshua" title="Joshua">Joshua</a> son of Nun.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>28 Nisan</b> (c. 1415 BCE) – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jericho" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Jericho">Battle of Jericho</a> by <a href="/wiki/Joshua" title="Joshua">Joshua</a> (<a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joshua" title="Book of Joshua">Book of Joshua</a> ch. 6).</li> <li><b>29 Nisan</b> (1620) – Death of <a href="/wiki/Hayyim_ben_Joseph_Vital" title="Hayyim ben Joseph Vital">Hayyim ben Joseph Vital</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Kabbalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabbalist">Kabbalist</a> and a disciple of <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Luria" title="Isaac Luria">Isaac Luria</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><b>29 Nisan</b> (1699) – In <a href="/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg">Bamberg</a>, Germany during a commercial crisis in 1699, the populace rose up against the Jews, and one Jew saved himself by throwing prunes from a gable-window down upon the mob. That event, the 29th of Nisan, called the <i>Zwetschgen Taanit</i> "Plum-Fast", was commemorated by a fast and a <a href="/wiki/Purim" title="Purim">Purim</a> festivity until the extermination of the Jewish community there.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Table_of_civil_dates_when_1_Nisan_occurs">Table of civil dates when 1 Nisan occurs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nisan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Table of civil dates when 1 Nisan occurs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The list below gives a time which can be used to determine the day the Jewish ecclesiastical (spring) year starts over a period of nineteen years. These are not Nisan <i>molad</i> times, although the offset necessarily remains constant. (The fractions shown are fractions of a minute.) </p> <dl><dd>17:49 Wednesday, 22 March 2023</dd> <dd>15:21 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {13}{18}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mn>13</mn> <mn>18</mn> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tfrac {13}{18}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/90ac1b1618fae97308178135cd425eb7556e31bd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:2.48ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {13}{18}}}" /></span> Tuesday, 9 April 2024</dd> <dd>00:10 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {7}{18}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mn>7</mn> <mn>18</mn> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tfrac {7}{18}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a1623d233ba4d34f26a3908f7dc82f6b914d8d8a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:2.48ex; height:3.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {7}{18}}}" /></span> Sunday, 30 March 2025</dd> <dd>08:59 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{18}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>18</mn> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{18}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8bed6973d429cffe46650416131e51196eefb8a6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:2.48ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{18}}}" /></span> Thursday, 19 March 2026</dd> <dd>06:31 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {14}{18}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mn>14</mn> <mn>18</mn> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tfrac {14}{18}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5e067f0a4dceca3a637b0cade4bdd68a3f9c19fd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:2.48ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {14}{18}}}" /></span> Wednesday, 7 April 2027</dd> <dd>15:20 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {8}{18}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mn>8</mn> <mn>18</mn> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tfrac {8}{18}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/dd219ee460d05c10fff151689b5cf9ae53a2ad58" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:2.48ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {8}{18}}}" /></span> Sunday, 26 March 2028</dd> <dd>00:09 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {2}{18}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mn>2</mn> <mn>18</mn> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tfrac {2}{18}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/af49b954e4c9ad4a35673a1382eaf89646743ae5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:2.48ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {2}{18}}}" /></span> Friday, 16 March 2029</dd> <dd>21:41 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {15}{18}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mn>15</mn> <mn>18</mn> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tfrac {15}{18}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b5e2ebb7d56c6459492881cb38e3d2c48103e36a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:2.48ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {15}{18}}}" /></span> Wednesday, 3 April 2030</dd> <dd>06:30 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {9}{18}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mn>9</mn> <mn>18</mn> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tfrac {9}{18}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7e76491abe88ad67df3e8243e31bab736e71497a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:2.48ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {9}{18}}}" /></span> Monday, 24 March 2031</dd> <dd>15:19 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {3}{18}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mn>3</mn> <mn>18</mn> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tfrac {3}{18}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d69a362601c1647cd0c321c900de0d0181e4470e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:2.48ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {3}{18}}}" /></span> Friday, 12 March 2032</dd> <dd>12:51 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {16}{18}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mn>16</mn> <mn>18</mn> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tfrac {16}{18}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c4a13faf604dfe9149dcdee9c408abb750428fe7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:2.48ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {16}{18}}}" /></span> Thursday, 31 March 2033</dd> <dd>21:40 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {10}{18}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mn>10</mn> <mn>18</mn> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tfrac {10}{18}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8332b52fb5a71e60c321ad523db8fd4406c67936" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:2.48ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {10}{18}}}" /></span> Monday, 20 March 2034</dd> <dd>19:13 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {5}{18}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mn>5</mn> <mn>18</mn> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tfrac {5}{18}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d97610f33e1cd083d26bb047f80ce45fcba46020" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:2.48ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {5}{18}}}" /></span> Sunday, 8 April 2035</dd> <dd>04:01 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {17}{18}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mn>17</mn> <mn>18</mn> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tfrac {17}{18}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/db511cc6c855c37084ec4715a8c4a9b46242bf23" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:2.48ex; height:3.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {17}{18}}}" /></span> Friday, 28 March 2036</dd> <dd>12:50 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {11}{18}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mn>11</mn> <mn>18</mn> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tfrac {11}{18}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4f4b0b4889f6de8ce6c7db9a8636b2290c25acdf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:2.48ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {11}{18}}}" /></span> Tuesday, 17 March 2037</dd> <dd>10:23 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {6}{18}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mn>6</mn> <mn>18</mn> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tfrac {6}{18}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/89119ad89541800d92f000b32e72593706290786" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:2.48ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {6}{18}}}" /></span> Monday, 5 April 2038</dd> <dd>19:12 Friday, 25 March 2039</dd> <dd>04:00 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {12}{18}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mn>12</mn> <mn>18</mn> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tfrac {12}{18}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1e2a80849a8b8df6b267fd11a03cce8d7c96ed09" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:2.48ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {12}{18}}}" /></span> Wednesday, 14 March 2040</dd> <dd>01:33 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {7}{18}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mn>7</mn> <mn>18</mn> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tfrac {7}{18}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a1623d233ba4d34f26a3908f7dc82f6b914d8d8a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:2.48ex; height:3.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {7}{18}}}" /></span> Tuesday, 2 April 2041</dd></dl> <p>Every nineteen years this time is 2 days, 16 hours, 33 1/18 minutes later in the week. That is either the same or the previous day in the civil calendar, depending on whether the difference in the day of the week is three or two days. If 29 February is included fewer than five times in the nineteen – year period the date will be later by the number of days which corresponds to the difference between the actual number of insertions and five. If the year is due to start on Sunday, it actually begins on the following Tuesday if the following year is due to start on Friday morning. If due to start on Monday, Wednesday or Friday it actually begins on the following day. If due to start on Saturday, it actually begins on the following day if the previous year was due to begin on Monday morning. </p><p>The table below lists, for a Jewish year commencing on 23 March, the civil date of the first day of each month. If the year does not begin on 23 March, each month's first day will differ from the date shown by the number of days that the start of the year differs from 23 March. The correct column is the one which shows the correct starting date for the following year in the last row. If 29 February falls within a Jewish month the first day of later months will be a day earlier than shown. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Civil date of first day of Jewish months </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Length of year:</th> <th>353 days</th> <th>354 days</th> <th>355 days</th> <th>383 days</th> <th>384 days</th> <th>385 days </th></tr> <tr> <td>First month</td> <td colspan="6">23 March </td></tr> <tr> <td>Second month</td> <td colspan="6">22 April </td></tr> <tr> <td>Third month</td> <td colspan="6">21 May </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fourth month</td> <td colspan="6">20 June </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fifth month</td> <td colspan="6">19 July </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sixth month</td> <td colspan="6">18 August </td></tr> <tr> <td>Seventh month</td> <td colspan="6">16 September </td></tr> <tr> <td>Eighth month</td> <td colspan="6">16 October </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ninth month</td> <td colspan="2">14 November</td> <td>15 November</td> <td colspan="2">14 November</td> <td>15 November </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tenth month</td> <td>13 December</td> <td>14 December</td> <td>15 December</td> <td>13 December</td> <td>14 December</td> <td>15 December </td></tr> <tr> <td>Eleventh month</td> <td>11 January</td> <td>12 January</td> <td>13 January</td> <td>11 January</td> <td>12 January</td> <td>13 January </td></tr> <tr> <td>Added month</td> <td colspan="3" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td>10 February</td> <td>11 February</td> <td>12 February </td></tr> <tr> <td>Twelfth month</td> <td>10 February</td> <td>11 February</td> <td>12 February</td> <td>12 March</td> <td>13 March</td> <td>14 March </td></tr> <tr> <td>First month</td> <td>11 March</td> <td>12 March</td> <td>13 March</td> <td>10 April</td> <td>11 April</td> <td>12 April </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>For long period calculations, dates should be reduced to the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a> and converted back to the civil calendar at the end of the calculation. The civil calendar used here (Exigian) is correct to one day in 44,000 years and omits the leap day in centennial years which do not give remainder 200 or 700 when divided by 900.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is identical to the Gregorian calendar between 15 October 1582 CE and 28 February 2400 CE (both dates inclusive).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To find how many days the civil calendar is ahead of the Julian in any year from 301 BCE (the calendar is proleptic [assumed] up to 1582 CE) add 300 to the year, multiply the hundreds by 7, divide by 9 and subtract 4. Ignore any fraction of a day. When the difference between the calendars changes the calculated value applies on and from 1 March (civil date) for conversions to Julian. For earlier dates reduce the calculated value by one. For conversions to the civil date the calculated value applies on and from 29 February (Julian date). Again, for earlier dates reduce the calculated value by one. The difference is applied to the calendar one is converting <b>into</b>. A negative value indicates that the Julian date is ahead of the civil date. In this case it is important to remember that when calculating the civil equivalent of 29 February (Julian), 29 February is discounted. Thus if the calculated value is −4 the civil equivalent of this date is 24 February. Before 1 CE use astronomical years rather than years BCE. The astronomical year is (year BCE) – 1. </p><p>Up to the 4th century CE, these tables give the day of the Jewish month to within a day or so and the number of the month to within a month or so. From the 4th century, the number of the month is given exactly and from the 9th century the day of the month is given exactly as well. </p><p>In the Julian calendar, every 76 years the Jewish year is due to start 5h 47 14/18m earlier, and 3d 18h 12 4/18m later in the week. </p> <dl><dt>Example calculation</dt></dl> <p>On what civil date does the eighth month begin in CE 20874–5? </p><p>20874=2026+(248×76). In (248×76) Julian years the Jewish year is due to start (248×3d 18h 12 4/18m) later in the week, which is 932d 2h 31 2/18m or 1d 2h 31 2/18m later after removing complete weeks. Allowing for the current difference of thirteen days between the civil and Julian calendars, the Julian date is 13+(248×0d 5h 47 4/18m) earlier, which is 72d 21h 28 16/18m earlier. Convert back to the civil calendar by applying the formula. </p> <dl><dd>20874+300=21174</dd> <dd>211×7=1477</dd> <dd>1477/9=164 remainder 1</dd> <dd>164−4=160.</dd> <dd>160d−72d 21h 28 16/18m=87d 2h 31 2/18m.</dd></dl> <p>So, in 20874 CE, the Jewish year is due to begin 87d 2h 31 2/18m later than in 2026 CE and 1d 2h 31 2/18m later in the week. In 20874 CE, therefore, the Jewish year is due to begin at 11.30 3/18 am on Friday, 14 June. Because of the displacements, it actually begins on Saturday, 15 June. Odd months have 30 days and even months 29, so the starting dates are 2, 15 July; 3, 13 August; 4, 12 September; 5, 11 October; 6, 10 November; 7, 9 December, and 8, 8 January. </p><p>The rules are based on the theory that Maimonides explains in his book <i>Rabbinical Astronomy</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The times in the list are those calculated by <a href="/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss">Gauss</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with an offset of −14 days as his calculation gives the civil date of Passover rather than the start of the month. Gauss's calculation has been rigorously proved.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_uses">Other uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nisan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>There is also a month in the <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a> called Nisanu with a similar root of the word that Nisan which comes from of which Nisanu comes from the <a href="/wiki/Akkadian_language" title="Akkadian language">Akkadian</a> of <a href="/wiki/Akkadian_Empire" title="Akkadian Empire">Akkad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Babylonia" title="Babylonia">Babylonia</a> <i>nisānu</i>, which derives from <a href="/wiki/Sumerian_language" title="Sumerian language">Sumerian</a> <i>nisag</i> "First fruits".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>"Nisan" is also the name for the month of April in <a href="/wiki/Levantine_Arabic" title="Levantine Arabic">Levantine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_Arabic" title="Mesopotamian Arabic">Mesopotamian Arabic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">نيسان</span>), a later Semitic language (see <a href="/wiki/Arabic_names_of_Gregorian_months" title="Arabic names of Gregorian months">Arabic names of Gregorian months</a>), in <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish languages">Kurdish languages</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">modern Turkish</a>. <a href="/wiki/Maghrebi_Arabic" title="Maghrebi Arabic">Maghrebi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Arabic" title="Gulf Arabic">Gulf state Arabic</a> use the modified Latin name "Ibril".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>In the story of <a href="/wiki/Xenogears" title="Xenogears">Xenogears</a>, "Nisan" is the name of a country, named after the Hebrew month.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartodecimanism" title="Quartodecimanism">Quartodecimanism</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nisan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_astrology" title="Jewish astrology">Jewish astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaitra" title="Chaitra">Chaitra</a> – First month of the Hindu calendar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computus" class="mw-redirect" title="Computus">Computus</a> –  Calculation of the date of Easter (originally based on Nisan)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nisan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">No allowance is made for the secular (centennial) decrease of ½ second in the length of the mean tropical year and the increase of about four yards in the distance between the Earth and the Moon resulting from tidal friction because astronomy was not sufficiently developed in the 12th century (when Maimonides wrote his book) to detect this.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nisan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Muss-Arnolt, W., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/3259081">The Names of the Assyro-Babylonian Months and Their Regents</a>, Journal of Biblical Literature Vol. 11, No. 1 (1892), pp. 72–94 [76], accessed 10 August 2020 (subscription only - free access at <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015030576584&seq=9">[1]</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Rosh_Hashanah.11a.2?ven=William_Davidson_Edition_-_English&lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en">"Rosh Hashanah 11a:2"</a>. <i>www.sefaria.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sefaria.org&rft.atitle=Rosh+Hashanah+11a%3A2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sefaria.org%2FRosh_Hashanah.11a.2%3Fven%3DWilliam_Davidson_Edition_-_English%26lang%3Dbi%26with%3Dall%26lang2%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANisan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Vayikra_Rabbah.20.2">"Vayikra Rabbah 20:2"</a>. <i>www.sefaria.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sefaria.org&rft.atitle=Vayikra+Rabbah+20%3A2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sefaria.org%2FVayikra_Rabbah.20.2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANisan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Megillat Ta'anit, fast days; Targum Yonaton, Nu. 20:1</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Megillat+Ta%27anit%2C+fast+days%3B+Targum+Yonaton%2C+Nu.+20%3A1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANisan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tzadikim-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tzadikim_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tzadikim_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailyzohar.com/tzadikim/247-Rabbi-Menachem-Mendel-Schneersohn">"Tzadikim"</a>. <i>dailyzohar.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dailyzohar.com&rft.atitle=Tzadikim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdailyzohar.com%2Ftzadikim%2F247-Rabbi-Menachem-Mendel-Schneersohn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANisan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCongress" class="citation web cs1">Congress, World Jewish. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldjewishcongress.org/en/news/this-week-in-jewish-history--birth-of-moses-maimonides-rambam">"World Jewish Congress"</a>. <i>World Jewish Congress</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Jewish+Congress&rft.atitle=World+Jewish+Congress&rft.aulast=Congress&rft.aufirst=World+Jewish&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldjewishcongress.org%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fthis-week-in-jewish-history--birth-of-moses-maimonides-rambam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANisan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailyzohar.com/tzadikim/559-Rabbi-Joseph-Yosef-Karo">"Tzadikim"</a>. <i>dailyzohar.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dailyzohar.com&rft.atitle=Tzadikim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdailyzohar.com%2Ftzadikim%2F559-Rabbi-Joseph-Yosef-Karo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANisan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Rosh_Hashanah.11a.13?ven=William_Davidson_Edition_-_English&lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en">"Rosh Hashanah 11a:13"</a>. <i>www.sefaria.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sefaria.org&rft.atitle=Rosh+Hashanah+11a%3A13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sefaria.org%2FRosh_Hashanah.11a.13%3Fven%3DWilliam_Davidson_Edition_-_English%26lang%3Dbi%26with%3Dall%26lang2%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANisan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Nisan before Torah, Genesis 8:4, Exodus 12:1)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLinafeltCotterBealWalsh1999" class="citation book cs1">Linafelt, Tod; Cotter, David W.; Beal, Timothy K.; Walsh, Jerome T.; Franke, Chris (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AUP-XFQgTRwC&dq=Haman+hanged+after+Esther%27s+second+drinking+party&pg=RA2-PA81"><i>Ruth</i></a>. Liturgical Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-5045-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-5045-5"><bdi>978-0-8146-5045-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ruth&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-8146-5045-5&rft.aulast=Linafelt&rft.aufirst=Tod&rft.au=Cotter%2C+David+W.&rft.au=Beal%2C+Timothy+K.&rft.au=Walsh%2C+Jerome+T.&rft.au=Franke%2C+Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAUP-XFQgTRwC%26dq%3DHaman%2Bhanged%2Bafter%2BEsther%2527s%2Bsecond%2Bdrinking%2Bparty%26pg%3DRA2-PA81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANisan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ou.org/judaism-101/bh-yom-yom/nissan/">"Nissan"</a>. <i>Orthodox Union</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Orthodox+Union&rft.atitle=Nissan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ou.org%2Fjudaism-101%2Fbh-yom-yom%2Fnissan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANisan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/2422-bamberg">"Bamberg"</a>. <i>Jewish Encyclopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bamberg&rft.btitle=Jewish+Encyclopedia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishencyclopedia.com%2Farticles%2F2422-bamberg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANisan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCassidy1996" class="citation web cs1">Cassidy, Simon (25 October 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hermetic.ch/cal_stud/cassidy/howlong.htm">"Re: How long is a year..EXACTLY? East Carolina University Calendar discussion List CALNDR-L"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Re%3A+How+long+is+a+year..EXACTLY%3F+East+Carolina+University+Calendar+discussion+List+CALNDR-L&rft.date=1996-10-25&rft.aulast=Cassidy&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhermetic.ch%2Fcal_stud%2Fcassidy%2Fhowlong.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANisan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This calendar was devised to provide specific advantages over the Revised Julian calendar, which was itself devised to provide specific advantages over the Gregorian calendar. These are: historical identity of dates with the Gregorian (see above for range); when projected back to before the Christian era the leap year rule remains unchanged; in the Finnish Orthodox Church, which currently uses the Gregorian Paschalion, five Easter tables would be used in the next 900 years (involving six switches) because two tables are used twice. There would be no change over any 900-year cycle if the Revised Julian calendar were used, but the Exigian calendar (so named to avoid having to describe it every time it came up in discussion) requires only four switches because no table is used twice.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFeldman1978" class="citation book cs1">Feldman, W M (1978). <i>Rabbinical Mathematics and Astronomy</i>. Judaic Studies Library; no. SHP 4 (3rd ed.). New York: Hermon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0872030268" title="Special:BookSources/978-0872030268"><bdi>978-0872030268</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rabbinical+Mathematics+and+Astronomy&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=Judaic+Studies+Library%3B+no.+SHP+4&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Hermon+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0872030268&rft.aulast=Feldman&rft.aufirst=W+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANisan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">C F Gauss, <i>Berechnung des jüdischen Osterfestes</i>, Monatliche Correspondenz zur Beförderung der Erd- und Himmels-Kunde, 5, herausgegeben vom Freiherrn von Zach, Mai 1802, pp 435–437; reprinted in: Carl Friedrich Gauss Werke (Königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, Göttingen, 1874), vol. 6, pp. 80–81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBurnaby1901" class="citation web cs1">Burnaby, Sherrard Beaumont (1901). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/details/elementsofjewish00burnuoft/page/218/mode/2up">"Elements of the Jewish and Muhammedan calendars with rules and tables and explanatory notes on the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Chapter 8: The formula of Dr. Gauss for finding the Christian date of the Jewish Passover"</a>. London. pp. <span class="nowrap">219–</span>239.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elements+of+the+Jewish+and+Muhammedan+calendars+with+rules+and+tables+and+explanatory+notes+on+the+Julian+and+Gregorian+calendars.+Chapter+8%3A+The+formula+of+Dr.+Gauss+for+finding+the+Christian+date+of+the+Jewish+Passover&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E219-%3C%2Fspan%3E239&rft.date=1901&rft.aulast=Burnaby&rft.aufirst=Sherrard+Beaumont&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archive.org%2Fdetails%2Felementsofjewish00burnuoft%2Fpage%2F218%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANisan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nisan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inner.org/times/nisan/index.php">Resources on the Month of Nisan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=299&letter=N&search=Nisan">Jewish Encyclopedia: Nisan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121220125636/http://www.blueletterbible.org/cgi-bin/words.pl?word=05212">Strong's Concordance: Nisan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chabad.org/calendar/">This Month in Jewish History</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deadseaquake.info/pdfs/RD2018.pdf"><i>Calendar calculations</i></a> Edward M Reingold and Nachum Dershowitz (Chapter 8), Cambridge, 2018. 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title="Jewish holidays">Jewish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Israel" title="Public holidays in Israel">Israeli</a> holidays and observances</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_holidays" title="Jewish holidays">Jewish<br />holidays and<br />observances</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shabbat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shabbat" title="Shabbat">Shabbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Shabbat" title="Special Shabbat">Special Shabbat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/High_Holy_Days" title="High Holy Days">High Holy Days</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rosh_Hashanah" title="Rosh Hashanah">Rosh Hashanah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Days_of_Repentance" title="Ten Days of Repentance">Ten Days of Repentance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur" title="Yom Kippur">Yom Kippur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Three_Pilgrimage_Festivals" title="Three Pilgrimage Festivals">Three Pilgrimage<br />Festivals</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passover" title="Passover">Passover</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fast_of_the_Firstborn" title="Fast of the Firstborn">Fast of the Firstborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesach_Sheni" title="Pesach Sheni">Pesach Sheni</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavuot" title="Shavuot">Shavuot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukkot" title="Sukkot">Sukkot</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hoshana_Rabbah" title="Hoshana Rabbah">Hoshana Rabbah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shemini_Atzeret" title="Shemini Atzeret">Shemini Atzeret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simchat_Torah" title="Simchat Torah">Simchat Torah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_tov_sheni_shel_galuyot" title="Yom tov sheni shel galuyot">Yom tov sheni shel galuyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chol_HaMoed" title="Chol HaMoed">Chol HaMoed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isru_chag" title="Isru chag">Isru chag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rosh_Chodesh" title="Rosh Chodesh">Rosh Chodesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_of_Gedalia" title="Fast of Gedalia">Fast of Gedalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanukkah" title="Hanukkah">Hanukkah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenth_of_Tevet" title="Tenth of Tevet">Tenth of Tevet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tu_BiShvat" title="Tu BiShvat">Tu BiShvat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_of_Esther" title="Fast of Esther">Fast of Esther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purim" title="Purim">Purim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purim#Purim_Katan" title="Purim">Purim Katan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counting_of_the_Omer" title="Counting of the Omer">Counting of the Omer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lag_BaOmer" title="Lag BaOmer">Lag BaOmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventeenth_of_Tammuz" title="Seventeenth of Tammuz">17th of Tammuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Three_Weeks" title="The Three Weeks">The Three Weeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Nine_Days" title="The Nine Days">The Nine Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tisha_B%27Av" title="Tisha B'Av">Tisha B'Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tu_B%27Av" title="Tu B'Av">Tu B'Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosh_Hashanah_LeMa%27sar_Behemah" title="Rosh Hashanah LeMa'sar Behemah">Rosh Hashanah LeMa'sar Behemah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Israel" title="Public holidays in Israel">Israeli public<br />holidays</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yom_HaShoah" title="Yom HaShoah">Yom HaShoah (Holocaust Remembrance Day)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_HaZikaron" title="Yom HaZikaron">Yom HaZikaron (Memorial Day)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(Israel)" title="Independence Day (Israel)">Yom HaAtzmaut (Independence Day)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Day" title="Jerusalem Day">Yom Yerushalayim (Jerusalem Day)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_HaAliyah" title="Yom HaAliyah">Yom HaAliyah (Aliyah Day)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben-Gurion_Day" title="Ben-Gurion Day">Ben-Gurion Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herzl_Day" title="Herzl Day">Herzl Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabotinsky_Day" title="Jabotinsky Day">Jabotinsky Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabin_Day" title="Rabin Day">Rabin Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_ethnic_divisions" title="Jewish ethnic divisions">Israeli ethnic</a><br />holidays</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mimouna" title="Mimouna">Mimouna</a></li> <li>Seharane</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigd" title="Sigd">Sigd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_to_Mark_the_Departure_and_Expulsion_of_Jews_from_the_Arab_Countries_and_Iran" title="Day to Mark the Departure and Expulsion of Jews from the Arab Countries and Iran">Day to Mark the Departure and Expulsion of Jews from the Arab Countries and Iran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew months</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nisan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iyar" title="Iyar">Iyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivan" title="Sivan">Sivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tammuz_(Hebrew_month)" title="Tammuz (Hebrew month)">Tammuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Av_(month)" title="Av (month)">Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elul" title="Elul">Elul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tishrei" title="Tishrei">Tishrei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshvan" title="Cheshvan">Cheshvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kislev" title="Kislev">Kislev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tevet" title="Tevet">Tevet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shevat" title="Shevat">Shevat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adar" title="Adar">Adar and Adar Sheni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_and_Israeli_holidays_2000%E2%80%932050" title="Jewish and Israeli holidays 2000–2050">Jewish and Israeli holidays 2000–2050</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Iraq&#124;link=Iraq_Iraq_topics583" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" 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class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq"><img alt="Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/60px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History583" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Iraq" title="History of Iraq">History</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Iraq" title="History of Iraq">Chronology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ubaid_period" title="Ubaid period">Ubaid period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassuna_culture" title="Hassuna culture">Hassuna culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halaf_culture" title="Halaf culture">Halaf culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halaf-Ubaid_Transitional_period" title="Halaf-Ubaid Transitional period">Halaf-Ubaid Transitional period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samarra_culture" title="Samarra culture">Samarra culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruk_period" title="Uruk period">Uruk period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jemdet_Nasr_period" title="Jemdet Nasr period">Jemdet Nasr period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumer" title="Sumer">Sumer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subartu" title="Subartu">Subartu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akkadian_Empire" title="Akkadian Empire">Akkadian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutian_rule_in_Mesopotamia" title="Gutian rule in Mesopotamia">Gutian dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Dynasty_of_Ur" title="Third Dynasty of Ur">Neo-Sumerian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isin-Larsa_period" title="Isin-Larsa period">Isin-Larsa period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Babylonian_Empire" title="Old Babylonian Empire">First Babylonian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Assyrian_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Assyrian Period">Old Assyrian Period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Assyrian_Empire" title="Middle Assyrian Empire">Middle Assyrian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassites" title="Kassites">Kassite dynasty of the Babylonian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simurrum" title="Simurrum">Simurrum culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylonia" title="Babylonia">Babylonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Neo-Assyrian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empire" title="Neo-Babylonian Empire">Neo-Babylonian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_captivity" title="Babylonian captivity">Babylonian captivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Babylon" title="Fall of Babylon">Fall of Babylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Assyria" title="Achaemenid Assyria">Achaemenid Assyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid Babylonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthian Babylonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asoristan" title="Asoristan">Sassanid Asorestan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">638–1958</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Persia" title="Muslim conquest of Persia">Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Caliphate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buyid_dynasty" title="Buyid dynasty">Buyid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qara_Qoyunlu" title="Qara Qoyunlu">Qara Qoyunlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aq_Qoyunlu" title="Aq Qoyunlu">Aq Qoyunlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safavid_Iran" title="Safavid Iran">Safavids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Iraq" title="Ottoman Iraq">Ottoman Iraq</a> (incl. <a href="/wiki/Mamluk_dynasty_(Iraq)" title="Mamluk dynasty (Iraq)">Mamluk dynasty</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandate_for_Mesopotamia" title="Mandate for Mesopotamia">Mandate for Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Iraq" title="Mandatory Iraq">Mandatory Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iraq" title="Kingdom of Iraq">Kingdom of Iraq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Iraq" title="List of kings of Iraq">Kings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Federation" title="Arab Federation">Arab Federation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Republic_(1958%E2%80%931968)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi Republic (1958–1968)">1958–1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq">1968–2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Iraq_(2003%E2%80%932011)" title="Occupation of Iraq (2003–2011)">2003–2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">2011–<span style="font-size: 85%;">present</span></a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Iraq_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region">Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party_(Iraqi-dominated_faction)" title="Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)">National Command</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_conflict" title="Iraqi–Kurdish conflict">Iraqi–Kurdish conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974%E2%80%9375_Shatt_al-Arab_conflict" title="1974–75 Shatt al-Arab conflict">1974–1975 Shatt al-Arab clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Shia_uprising_in_Iraq" title="1977 Shia uprising in Iraq">1977 Shia uprising in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979%E2%80%931980_Shia_uprising_in_Iraq" title="1979–1980 Shia uprising in Iraq">1979–1980 Shia uprising in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Iraq and weapons of mass destruction">Weapons of mass destruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Opera" title="Operation Opera">Operation Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Kuwait" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Kuwait">Invasion of Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1991_Iraqi_uprisings" title="1991 Iraqi uprisings">1991 uprisings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctions_against_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanctions against Iraq">Sanctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">U.S. invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011)">Iraqi insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Iraq_(2007%E2%80%932011)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq (2007–2011)">U.S. troop withdrawal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)">Insurgency (2011–2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">War (2014–2017)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Mosul" title="Fall of Mosul">Fall of Mosul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mosul_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Battle of Mosul (2016–2017)">Mosul liberation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_Iraq_(2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)">Insurgency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932021_Iraqi_protests" title="2019–2021 Iraqi protests">2019–2021 protests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_Iraqi_political_crisis" title="2021–2022 Iraqi political crisis">2021–2022 Iraqi political crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Geography583" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Iraq" title="Geography of Iraq">Geography</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Faw_peninsula" title="Al-Faw peninsula">Faw peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Mesopotamia" title="Upper Mesopotamia">Upper Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Mesopotamia" title="Lower Mesopotamia">Lower Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Iraq" title="Template:Borders of Iraq">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphrates" title="Euphrates">Euphrates river</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamrin_Mountains" title="Hamrin Mountains">Hamrin Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Kurdistan" title="Iraqi Kurdistan">Iraqi Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lakes_of_Iraq" title="Category:Lakes of Iraq">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Iraq" title="List of islands of Iraq">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_Marshes" title="Mesopotamian Marshes">Mesopotamian Marshes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Iraq" title="List of places in Iraq">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shatt_al-Arab" title="Shatt al-Arab">Shatt al-Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert" title="Syrian Desert">Syrian Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigris" title="Tigris">Tigris river</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_Qasr" title="Umm Qasr">Umm Qasr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagros_Mountains" title="Zagros Mountains">Zagros Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Iraq" title="Wildlife of Iraq">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinjar_Mountains" title="Sinjar Mountains">Sinjar Mountains</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Politics583" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Iraq" title="Politics of Iraq">Politics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governorates_of_Iraq" title="Governorates of Iraq">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Iraq" title="Constitution of Iraq">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Representatives_of_Iraq" title="Council of Representatives of Iraq">Council of Representatives <span style="font-size: 85%;">(legislative)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_Iraq" title="Democracy in Iraq">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Iraq" title="Elections in Iraq">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_Iraq" title="Foreign aid to Iraq">Foreign aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Iraq" title="Foreign relations of Iraq">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_Iraq" title="Federal government of Iraq">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Iraq)" title="Council of Ministers (Iraq)">Council of Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_Council_of_Iraq" title="Presidency Council of Iraq">Presidency Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Iraq" title="President of Iraq">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Iraq" title="List of presidents of Iraq">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Iraq" title="Prime Minister of Iraq">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Iraq" title="List of prime ministers of Iraq">List</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Iraq" title="Human rights in Iraq">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_pre-Saddam_Iraq" title="Human rights in pre-Saddam Iraq">in pre-Saddam Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Saddam_Hussein%27s_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights in Saddam Hussein's Iraq">in Saddam Hussein's Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_post-invasion_Iraq" title="Human rights in post-invasion Iraq">in post-invasion Iraq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Islamic_State-controlled_territory" title="Human rights in Islamic State-controlled territory">in ISIL-controlled territory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Iraq">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Iraq" title="Freedom of religion in Iraq">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Iraq" title="Women in Iraq">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Iraq" title="Law of Iraq">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Armed_Forces" title="Iraqi Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Police" title="Iraqi Police">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Iraq" title="List of political parties in Iraq">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Iraq" title="Judiciary of Iraq">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Iraq" title="List of wars involving Iraq">Wars and conflicts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Economy583" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Iraq" title="Economy of Iraq">Economy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Iraq" title="List of banks in Iraq">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Iraq" title="Central Bank of Iraq">Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Iraq" title="List of companies of Iraq">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Iraq" title="Corruption in Iraq">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_dinar" title="Iraqi dinar">Dinar <span style="font-size: 85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_of_Iraq" title="Infrastructure of Iraq">Infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investment_in_post-invasion_Iraq" title="Investment in post-invasion Iraq">Foreign Investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Iraq" title="Petroleum industry in Iraq">Oil Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_reserves_in_Iraq" title="Oil reserves in Iraq">Oil reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investment_in_post-invasion_Iraq" title="Investment in post-invasion Iraq">Reconstruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_Stock_Exchange" title="Iraq Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Iraq" title="Telecommunications in Iraq">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Iraq" title="Transport in Iraq">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airlines_of_Iraq" title="List of airlines of Iraq">Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Republic_Railways" title="Iraqi Republic Railways">Railways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Iraq" title="Tourism in Iraq">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Society583" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Iraq" title="Category:Society of Iraq">Society</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Iraq" title="Demographics of Iraq">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqis" title="Iraqis">Iraqis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Iraq" title="Languages of Iraq">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_Arabic" title="Mesopotamian Arabic">Mesopotamian Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Aramaic_languages" title="Neo-Aramaic languages">Aramaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_language" title="Kurdish language">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmen#Language" title="Iraqi Turkmen">Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman dialects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minorities_in_Iraq" title="Minorities in Iraq">Minorities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Armenians" title="Iraqi Armenians">Armenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_people" title="Assyrian people">Assyrians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassians_in_Iraq" title="Circassians in Iraq">Circassians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Iraq" title="Kurds in Iraq">Kurds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaeans" title="Mandaeans">Mandaeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsh_Arabs" title="Marsh Arabs">Marsh Arabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajam_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Ajam of Iraq">Persians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solluba" title="Solluba">Solluba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmen" title="Iraqi Turkmen">Iraqi Turkmen</a>/Turkoman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Iraq" title="History of the Jews in Iraq">Jews</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Iraq" title="Religion in Iraq">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism_in_Iraq" title="Secularism in Iraq">Secularism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Iraq" title="Islam in Iraq">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Iraq" title="Christianity in Iraq">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaeism" title="Mandaeism">Mandaeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazidis" title="Yazidis">Yazidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Iraq" title="Irreligion in Iraq">Irreligion</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_art" title="Iraqi art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Iraq" title="Cinema of Iraq">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_cuisine" title="Iraqi cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Iraq" title="Culture of Iraq">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Iraq">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Iraq" title="Education in Iraq">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Iraq" title="Health in Iraq">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Iraq" title="Mass media in Iraq">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Iraq" title="Television in Iraq">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Iraq" title="Music of Iraq">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Iraq" title="Smoking in Iraq">Smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Iraq" title="Sport in Iraq">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Iraq" title="Squatting in Iraq">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Iraq" title="Public holidays in Iraq">Public holidays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akitu" title="Akitu">Mesopotamian spring festival (Akitu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehwa_Rabba" title="Dehwa Rabba">Mandaean New Year</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" 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