CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Modena - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"5b524a22-ccb8-4901-b2e2-5fdd2c74302d","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Modena","wgTitle":"Modena","wgCurRevisionId":1257609441,"wgRevisionId":1257609441,"wgArticleId":62418,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Pages using the Phonos extension","CS1 Italian-language sources (it)","Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference","Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles needing additional references from December 2021","All articles needing additional references","Use dmy dates from November 2019", "Articles containing Emilian-language text","Articles containing Italian-language text","Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images","Coordinates on Wikidata","Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia","Pages using infobox settlement with image map1 but not image map","Pages with Italian IPA","Pages including recorded pronunciations","Pages with Emilian IPA","Articles containing Etruscan-language text","Articles containing Latin-language text","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from July 2019","Wikipedia articles needing clarification from May 2023","All pages needing factual verification","Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from May 2023","All articles lacking reliable references","Articles lacking reliable references from May 2023","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2006","All articles containing potentially dated statements","Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata", "Pages using Sister project links with default search","Pages using the Kartographer extension","Cities and towns in Emilia-Romagna","Municipalities of the Province of Modena","Modena","World Heritage Sites in Italy","Villanovan culture"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Modena","wgRelevantArticleId":62418,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat": 44.64694444444444,"lon":10.925555555555555},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q279","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.kartographer.style":"ready","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.icons":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready" ,"jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.kartographer.staticframe","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.phonos.init","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init", "ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.kartographer.style%7Cext.phonos.icons%2Cstyles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Modena_Motor_Valley_Fest.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="729"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Modena_Motor_Valley_Fest.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="486"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Modena_Motor_Valley_Fest.jpg/640px-Modena_Motor_Valley_Fest.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="389"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Modena - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Modena&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Modena rootpage-Modena skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Modena" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Modena" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Modena" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Modena" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Municipal_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Municipal_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Municipal administration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Municipal_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ancient_times" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_times"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Ancient times</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_times-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_modern_and_contemporary_(Renaissance)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_modern_and_contemporary_(Renaissance)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Late modern and contemporary (Renaissance)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_modern_and_contemporary_(Renaissance)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_sights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_sights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Main sights</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Main_sights-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Main sights subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Main_sights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ducal_Palace" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ducal_Palace"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Ducal Palace</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ducal_Palace-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Town_Hall" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Town_Hall"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Town Hall</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Town_Hall-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Cathedral_and_the_Ghirlandina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Cathedral_and_the_Ghirlandina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>The Cathedral and the Ghirlandina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Cathedral_and_the_Ghirlandina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_churches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_churches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Other churches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_churches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Synagogue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Synagogue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Synagogue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Synagogue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_sights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_sights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Other sights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_sights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Museum_Palace" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museum_Palace"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Museum Palace</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museum_Palace-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums_of_the_Cathedral" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums_of_the_Cathedral"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2</span> <span>Museums of the Cathedral</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums_of_the_Cathedral-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museum_Enzo_Ferrari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museum_Enzo_Ferrari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.3</span> <span>Museum Enzo Ferrari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museum_Enzo_Ferrari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museum_of_Collectible_Cards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museum_of_Collectible_Cards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.4</span> <span>Museum of Collectible Cards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museum_of_Collectible_Cards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teatro_Comunale_Modena" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teatro_Comunale_Modena"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Teatro Comunale Modena</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teatro_Comunale_Modena-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Automotive_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Automotive_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Automotive industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Automotive_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urban_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Urban transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>International relations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle International relations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consulates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consulates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Consulates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consulates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Modena</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 97 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-97" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">97 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%A9" title="مودنة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مودنة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3dena" title="Módena – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Módena" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%A7" title="مودنا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مودنا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Модэна – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Модэна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Модэна – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Модэна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Модена – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Модена" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B2dena" title="Mòdena – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mòdena" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Модена – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Модена" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena_(munisipyo)" title="Modena (munisipyo) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Modena (munisipyo)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%8C%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Μόντενα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μόντενα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B2dna" title="Mòdna – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Mòdna" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3dena" title="Módena – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Módena" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modeno" title="Modeno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Modeno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%A7" title="مودنا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مودنا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mod%C3%A8ne" title="Modène – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Modène" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3dena" title="Módena – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Módena" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EB%8D%B0%EB%82%98" title="모데나 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="모데나" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A1" title="Մոդենա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մոդենա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%C3%A6" title="Моденæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Моденæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3dena" title="Módena – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Módena" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93%D7%A0%D7%94" title="מודנה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מודנה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="მოდენა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მოდენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Модена – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Модена" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutina" title="Mutina – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mutina" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mod%C4%93na" title="Modēna – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Modēna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7" title="مدينه مودينا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مدينه مودينا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Модена – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Модена" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena_(stad)" title="Modena (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Modena (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A2%E3%83%87%E3%83%8A" title="モデナ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="モデナ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Модена – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Модена" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7" title="موڈینا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="موڈینا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B2dena" title="Mòdena – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Mòdena" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3dena" title="Módena – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Módena" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Модена – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Модена" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="मोडेना – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मोडेना" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B2dena" title="Mòdena – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Mòdena" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Модена – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Модена" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modene" title="Modene – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Modene" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Модена – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Модена" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2" title="โมเดนา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โมเดนา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Модена – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Модена" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7" title="مودینا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مودینا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%BE%B7%E7%BA%B3" title="摩德纳 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="摩德纳" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%BE%B7%E7%B4%8D" title="摩德納 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="摩德納" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena" title="Modena – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Modena" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%BE%B7%E7%B4%8D" title="摩德納 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="摩德納" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q279#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Modena" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Modena" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Modena"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modena&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modena&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Modena"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modena&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modena&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Modena" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Modena" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modena&oldid=1257609441" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modena&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Modena&id=1257609441&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FModena"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FModena"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Modena&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modena&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Modena" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Modena" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q279" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Modena&params=44_38_49_N_10_55_32_E_region:IT_type:city(184732)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">44°38′49″N</span> <span class="longitude">10°55′32″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">44.64694°N 10.92556°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.64694; 10.92556</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Emilia-Romagna, Italy</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the city in Italy. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Modena_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Modena (disambiguation)">Modena (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Modena" title="Special:EditPage/Modena">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Modena%22">"Modena"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Modena%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Modena%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Modena%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Modena%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Modena%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Comune in Emilia-Romagna, Italy</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Modena</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="it"><span title="Emilian-language text"><i lang="egl">Mòdna</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Emilian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Emilian language">Emilian</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">Comune</a></i></span></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Comune di Modena</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:162px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Modena_Motor_Valley_Fest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Modena_Motor_Valley_Fest.jpg/268px-Modena_Motor_Valley_Fest.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Modena_Motor_Valley_Fest.jpg/402px-Modena_Motor_Valley_Fest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Modena_Motor_Valley_Fest.jpg/536px-Modena_Motor_Valley_Fest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="718" data-file-height="436" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Piazza Grande</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:90px;max-width:90px"><div style="height:117px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Modena_Cathedral_Duomo_Exterior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Modena_Cathedral_Duomo_Exterior.jpg/88px-Modena_Cathedral_Duomo_Exterior.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Modena_Cathedral_Duomo_Exterior.jpg/132px-Modena_Cathedral_Duomo_Exterior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Modena_Cathedral_Duomo_Exterior.jpg/176px-Modena_Cathedral_Duomo_Exterior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Duomo_di_Modena" class="mw-redirect" title="Duomo di Modena">Duomo</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:178px;max-width:178px"><div style="height:117px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palazzo_Comunale_la_sera.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Palazzo_Comunale_la_sera.jpg/176px-Palazzo_Comunale_la_sera.jpg" decoding="async" width="176" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Palazzo_Comunale_la_sera.jpg/264px-Palazzo_Comunale_la_sera.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Palazzo_Comunale_la_sera.jpg/352px-Palazzo_Comunale_la_sera.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6698" data-file-height="4465" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Palazzo Comunale</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:131px;max-width:131px"><div style="height:86px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Modena_-_Palazzo_Ducale_di_Modena_-_202209141545.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Modena_-_Palazzo_Ducale_di_Modena_-_202209141545.jpg/129px-Modena_-_Palazzo_Ducale_di_Modena_-_202209141545.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Modena_-_Palazzo_Ducale_di_Modena_-_202209141545.jpg/194px-Modena_-_Palazzo_Ducale_di_Modena_-_202209141545.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Modena_-_Palazzo_Ducale_di_Modena_-_202209141545.jpg/258px-Modena_-_Palazzo_Ducale_di_Modena_-_202209141545.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1282" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Ducal_Palace_of_Modena" title="Ducal Palace of Modena">Ducal Palace</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:137px;max-width:137px"><div style="height:86px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stanza_20_-_GalleriaEstense_(Modena).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Stanza_20_-_GalleriaEstense_%28Modena%29.jpg/135px-Stanza_20_-_GalleriaEstense_%28Modena%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Stanza_20_-_GalleriaEstense_%28Modena%29.jpg/203px-Stanza_20_-_GalleriaEstense_%28Modena%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Stanza_20_-_GalleriaEstense_%28Modena%29.jpg/270px-Stanza_20_-_GalleriaEstense_%28Modena%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5422" data-file-height="3477" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Galleria_Estense" title="Galleria Estense">Galleria Estense</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Modena.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Modena"><img alt="Flag of Modena" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Modena.svg/100px-Flag_of_Modena.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Modena.svg/150px-Flag_of_Modena.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Modena.svg/200px-Flag_of_Modena.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Modena-Stemma.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Modena"><img alt="Coat of arms of Modena" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Modena-Stemma.svg/90px-Modena-Stemma.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Modena-Stemma.svg/134px-Modena-Stemma.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Modena-Stemma.svg/179px-Modena-Stemma.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="879" data-file-height="980" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; height:5px;">Location of Modena</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="9" data-overlays="["_057eddf9421592d6a18ed1fbeac82fc1ce23939b"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Modena&revid=1257609441&groups=_057eddf9421592d6a18ed1fbeac82fc1ce23939b" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Modena&revid=1257609441&groups=_057eddf9421592d6a18ed1fbeac82fc1ce23939b 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Modena is located in Italy"><img alt="Modena is located in Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg/250px-Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg/375px-Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg/500px-Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1034" data-file-height="1299" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:22.753%;left:36.918%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Modena"><img alt="Modena" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Modena</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Modena in Italy</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Italy</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_Emilia-Romagna_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Modena is located in Emilia-Romagna"><img alt="Modena is located in Emilia-Romagna" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Italy_Emilia-Romagna_location_map.svg/250px-Italy_Emilia-Romagna_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Italy_Emilia-Romagna_location_map.svg/375px-Italy_Emilia-Romagna_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Italy_Emilia-Romagna_location_map.svg/500px-Italy_Emilia-Romagna_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="906" data-file-height="481" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:34.694%;left:49.339%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Modena"><img alt="Modena" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Modena</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Modena (Emilia-Romagna)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Emilia-Romagna</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Modena&params=44_38_49_N_10_55_32_E_region:IT_type:city(184732)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">44°38′49″N</span> <span class="longitude">10°55′32″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">44.64694°N 10.92556°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.64694; 10.92556</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy" title="Regions of Italy">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Emilia-Romagna" title="Emilia-Romagna">Emilia-Romagna</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Italy" title="Provinces of Italy">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Modena" title="Province of Modena">Modena</a> (MO)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Frazione" title="Frazione">Frazioni</a></i></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><b></b>Albareto, Baggiovara, Ca' Fusara, Cognento, Cittanova, Collegara, Ganaceto, Lesignana, Marzaglia, Navicello, Portile, San Damaso, San Donnino, Tre Olmi, Villanova</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massimo_Mezzetti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Massimo Mezzetti (page does not exist)">Massimo Mezzetti</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Italy)" title="Democratic Party (Italy)">PD</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-16139ca327c50d72c40d8c5fd3abe706b989650e-v18_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-16139ca327c50d72c40d8c5fd3abe706b989650e-v18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">183.23 km<sup>2</sup> (70.75 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">34 m (112 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(31 December 2015)<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-6c4193b2686f905553042f4ae1ae4934aea078c8-v18_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-6c4193b2686f905553042f4ae1ae4934aea078c8-v18-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">184,732</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,000/km<sup>2</sup> (2,600/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Modenese</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">41121-41126</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_dialling_codes_in_Italy" title="List of dialling codes in Italy">Dialing code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">059</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Statistics_(Italy)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Institute of Statistics (Italy)">ISTAT</a> code</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ottomilacensus.istat.it/comune/036/036023">036023 </a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Patron saint</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Geminianus" title="Geminianus">San Geminiano</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Saint day</th><td class="infobox-data">31 January</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comune.modena.it">Official website</a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title category" style="font-size:125%;">Cathedral, Torre Civica and Piazza Grande, Modena</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="padding:0.2em;background:#0177d3;font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #ffffff; text-decoration: inherit;">UNESCO World Heritage Site</span></a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site#Selection_criteria" title="World Heritage Site">Criteria</a></th><td class="infobox-data category">Cultural: i, ii, iii, iv</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Reference</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/827">827</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Inscription</th><td class="infobox-data">1997 (21st <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">Session</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Modena</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span></span>-/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Italian:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[ˈmɔːdena]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/be\/It-Modena.ogg\/It-Modena.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"It-Modena.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/be/It-Modena.ogg/It-Modena.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:It-Modena.ogg" title="File:It-Modena.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Emilian_language#Dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Emilian language">Modenese</a>: <i lang="egl">Mòdna</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="egl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Emilian-Romagnol" title="Help:IPA/Emilian-Romagnol">[ˈmɔdnɐ]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Etruscan_language" title="Etruscan language">Etruscan</a>: <i lang="ett">Mutna</i>; <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Mutina</i>) is a city and <i><a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">comune</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">municipality</a>) on the south side of the <a href="/wiki/Po_Valley" title="Po Valley">Po Valley</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Modena" title="Province of Modena">Province of Modena</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Emilia-Romagna" title="Emilia-Romagna">Emilia-Romagna</a> region of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Italy" title="Northern Italy">northern Italy</a>. </p><p>A town, and seat of an <a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">archbishop</a>, it is known for its car industry since the factories of the famous Italian upper-class <a href="/wiki/Sports_car" title="Sports car">sports car</a> makers <a href="/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari">Ferrari</a>, <a href="/wiki/De_Tomaso" title="De Tomaso">De Tomaso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lamborghini" title="Lamborghini">Lamborghini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pagani_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagani (automobile)">Pagani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maserati" title="Maserati">Maserati</a> are, or were, located there and all, except Lamborghini, (having their factory in <a href="/wiki/Sant%27Agata_Bolognese" title="Sant'Agata Bolognese">Sant'Agata Bolognese</a>), have headquarters in the city or nearby. One of Ferrari's cars, the <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_360" title="Ferrari 360">360 Modena</a>, was named after the town itself. Ferrari's production plant and <a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a> team <a href="/wiki/Scuderia_Ferrari" title="Scuderia Ferrari">Scuderia Ferrari</a> are based in <a href="/wiki/Maranello" title="Maranello">Maranello</a> south of the city. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Modena" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Modena">University of Modena</a>, founded in 1175 and expanded by <a href="/wiki/Francesco_II_d%27Este" title="Francesco II d'Este">Francesco II d'Este</a> in 1686, focuses on <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">medicine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">law</a>, and is the second oldest <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/athenaeum" class="extiw" title="wikt:athenaeum">athenaeum</a> in Italy. Italian military officers are trained at the <a href="/wiki/Military_Academy_of_Modena" title="Military Academy of Modena">Military Academy of Modena</a>, and partly housed in the Baroque <a href="/wiki/Ducal_Palace_of_Modena" title="Ducal Palace of Modena">Ducal Palace</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Estense" title="Biblioteca Estense">Biblioteca Estense</a> houses historical volumes and 3,000 manuscripts. The <a href="/wiki/Duomo_di_Modena" class="mw-redirect" title="Duomo di Modena">Cathedral of Modena</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Torre_della_Ghirlandina" title="Torre della Ghirlandina">Torre della Ghirlandina</a> and Piazza Grande are a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> since 1997. Modena is also known in culinary circles for its production of <a href="/wiki/Balsamic_vinegar" title="Balsamic vinegar">balsamic vinegar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Famous <i>Modenesi</i> include <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Modena" title="Mary of Modena">Mary of Modena</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Queen_consort" title="Queen consort">Queen consort</a> of England and Scotland; operatic tenor <a href="/wiki/Luciano_Pavarotti" title="Luciano Pavarotti">Luciano Pavarotti</a> and soprano <a href="/wiki/Mirella_Freni" title="Mirella Freni">Mirella Freni</a>, born in Modena itself; <a href="/wiki/Enzo_Ferrari" title="Enzo Ferrari">Enzo Ferrari</a>, eponymous founder of the Ferrari motor company; Catholic priest <a href="/wiki/Gabriele_Amorth" title="Gabriele Amorth">Gabriele Amorth</a>; chef <a href="/wiki/Massimo_Bottura" title="Massimo Bottura">Massimo Bottura</a>; comics artist <a href="/wiki/Franco_Bonvicini" class="mw-redirect" title="Franco Bonvicini">Franco Bonvicini</a>; the band <a href="/wiki/Modena_City_Ramblers" title="Modena City Ramblers">Modena City Ramblers</a> and singer-songwriter <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Guccini" title="Francesco Guccini">Francesco Guccini</a>, who lived here for several decades. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modena&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Modena lies on the <a href="/wiki/Po_Valley" title="Po Valley">Pianura Padana</a>, and is bounded by the two rivers <a href="/wiki/Secchia" title="Secchia">Secchia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Panaro_(river)" title="Panaro (river)">Panaro</a>, both affluents of the <a href="/wiki/Po_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Po River">Po River</a>. Their presence is symbolized by the Two Rivers Fountain in the city's center, by <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Graziosi" title="Giuseppe Graziosi">Giuseppe Graziosi</a>. The city is connected to the Panaro by the Naviglio channel. The <a href="/wiki/Apennine_Mountains" title="Apennine Mountains">Apennines</a> begin some 10 kilometres (6 miles) from the city, to the south. The comune is divided into four <i><a href="/wiki/Circoscrizioni" class="mw-redirect" title="Circoscrizioni">circoscrizioni</a></i>. These are: </p> <ul><li>Centro storico (Historical Center, San Cataldo)</li> <li>Crocetta (San Lazzaro-East Modena, Crocetta)</li> <li>Buon Pastore (Buon Pastore, Sant'Agnese, San Damaso)</li> <li>San Faustino (S.Faustino-Saliceta San Giuliano, Madonnina-Quattro Ville)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modena&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Modena has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">continental</a> influences. It has an average annual precipitation of 809 millimetres (31.9 in). Summers are hot and winters are cool, with <a href="/wiki/Snow" title="Snow">snowfall</a>. This climate is described by the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> as <i>Cfa</i>. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Modena (1991–2020) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6<br />(43.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3<br />(48.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6<br />(58.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.6<br />(65.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.6<br />(74.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.2<br />(82.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.8<br />(87.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.5<br />(86.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1<br />(77.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.7<br />(65.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1<br />(53.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1<br />(44.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">18.8<br />(65.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5<br />(38.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2<br />(41.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7<br />(49.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.6<br />(56.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3<br />(64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7<br />(72.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1<br />(77.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9<br />(76.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9<br />(67.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB872; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.7<br />(58.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0<br />(48.2) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2<br />(39.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC79; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.2<br />(57.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4<br />(32.7) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1<br />(34.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8<br />(40.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7<br />(47.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1<br />(55.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2<br />(63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3<br />(66.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3<br />(66.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8<br />(58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7<br />(51.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF5EB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9<br />(42.6) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3<br />(34.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB7; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.7<br />(49.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #CDFFCD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.5<br />(1.32) </td> <td style="background: #AAFFAA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.6<br />(2.03) </td> <td style="background: #BCFFBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.5<br />(1.75) </td> <td style="background: #9DFF9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.0<br />(2.48) </td> <td style="background: #9FFF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.0<br />(2.52) </td> <td style="background: #9FFF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.7<br />(2.43) </td> <td style="background: #CAFFCA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.3<br />(1.39) </td> <td style="background: #C2FFC2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.4<br />(1.59) </td> <td style="background: #A9FFA9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.6<br />(2.19) </td> <td style="background: #8EFF8E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.3<br />(2.96) </td> <td style="background: #8BFF8B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.3<br />(2.96) </td> <td style="background: #ADFFAD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.7<br />(2.15) </td> <td style="background: #ACFFAC; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">654.9<br />(25.77) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: Arpae Emilia-Romagna<sup id="cite_ref-Clim_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clim-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Municipal_administration">Municipal administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modena&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Municipal administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Modena" title="List of mayors of Modena">List of mayors of Modena</a></div> <p>From 1946 to 1992, Modena had a series of <a href="/wiki/Italian_Communist_Party" title="Italian Communist Party">Communist</a> mayors. From the 1990s, the city has been governed by <a href="/wiki/Centre-left_coalition_(Italy)" title="Centre-left coalition (Italy)">center-left coalitions</a>. The legislative body of the municipality (<i><a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">comune</a></i>) is the City Council (<span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Consiglio Comunale</i></span>), which is composed by 32 members elected (jointly with the mayor) by the citizens every five years. Modena's executive body is the City Committee (<i>Giunta Comunale</i>), which is composed by 9 <a href="/wiki/Assessor_(Italy)" title="Assessor (Italy)">assessors</a> (appointed and dismissed by the mayor), of which one is deputy-mayor, and the mayor. The mayor from 2019 to 2024 of Modena was <a href="/wiki/Gian_Carlo_Muzzarelli" title="Gian Carlo Muzzarelli">Gian Carlo Muzzarelli</a>, a member of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Italy)" title="Democratic Party (Italy)">Democratic Party</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modena&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Modena" title="Timeline of Modena">Timeline of Modena</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_times">Ancient times</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modena&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ancient times"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The territory around Modena (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Mutina</i>, <a href="/wiki/Etruscan_language" title="Etruscan language">Etruscan</a>: <i lang="ett">Mutna</i>) was inhabited by the <a href="/wiki/Villanovan" class="mw-redirect" title="Villanovan">Villanovans</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a>, and later by <a href="/wiki/Ligures" title="Ligures">Ligurian</a> tribes, <a href="/wiki/Etruscans" class="mw-redirect" title="Etruscans">Etruscans</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Gaulish" title="Gaulish">Gaulish</a> <a href="/wiki/Boii" title="Boii">Boii</a> (the settlement itself being Etruscan). Although the exact date of its foundation is unknown, it is known that it was already in existence in the 3rd century BC, for in 218 BC, during <a href="/wiki/Hannibal%27s_invasion_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Hannibal's invasion of Italy">Hannibal's invasion of Italy</a>, the Boii revolted and laid siege to the city. <a href="/wiki/Livy" title="Livy">Livy</a> described it as a fortified citadel where Roman magistrates took shelter. The outcome of the siege is not known, but the city was most likely abandoned after Hannibal's arrival. Mutina was refounded as a Roman colony in 183 BC,<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to be used as a military base by <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aemilius_Lepidus_(consul_187_BC)" title="Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (consul 187 BC)">Marcus Aemilius Lepidus</a>, causing the Ligurians to sack it in 177 BC. Nonetheless, it was rebuilt, and quickly became the most important centre in <a href="/wiki/Cisalpine_Gaul" title="Cisalpine Gaul">Cisalpine Gaul</a>, both because of its strategic importance and because it was on an important crossroads between <a href="/wiki/Via_Aemilia" title="Via Aemilia">Via Aemilia</a> and the road going to <a href="/wiki/Verona" title="Verona">Verona</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Modena_Piazza_Grande.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Modena_Piazza_Grande.jpg/800px-Modena_Piazza_Grande.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Modena_Piazza_Grande.jpg/1200px-Modena_Piazza_Grande.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Modena_Piazza_Grande.jpg/1600px-Modena_Piazza_Grande.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2991" data-file-height="753" /></a><figcaption>A view of Piazza Grande</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 1st century BC, Mutina was besieged twice. The first siege was by <a href="/wiki/Pompey" title="Pompey">Pompey</a> in 78 BC, when Mutina was defended by <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Junius_Brutus_the_Elder" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcus Junius Brutus the Elder">Marcus Junius Brutus</a><sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (a populist leader, not to be confused with his son, Caesar's best known assassin). The city eventually surrendered out of hunger, and Brutus fled, only to be slain in <a href="/wiki/Reggio_Emilia" title="Reggio Emilia">Regium Lepidi</a>. In the civil war following <a href="/wiki/Caesar%27s_assassination" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesar's assassination">Caesar's assassination</a>, the city was besieged again, this time by <a href="/wiki/Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark Antony</a>, in 44 BC, and defended by <a href="/wiki/Decimus_Junius_Brutus_Albinus" title="Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus">Decimus Junius Brutus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Octavian</a> relieved the city with the help of the Senate (see: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mutina" title="Battle of Mutina">Battle of Mutina</a>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a> called it <i>Mutina splendidissima</i> ("most beautiful Mutina") in his <i>Philippics</i> (44 BC). Until the 3rd century AD, it kept its position as the most important city in the newly formed province <a href="/wiki/Emilia_(region_of_Italy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Emilia (region of Italy)">Aemilia</a>, but the fall of the Empire brought Mutina down with it, as it was used as a military base both against the barbarians and in the civil wars. It is said that Mutina was never sacked by <a href="/wiki/Attila" title="Attila">Attila</a>, for a dense fog hid it (a miracle said to be provided by <a href="/wiki/Saint_Geminianus" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Geminianus">Saint Geminianus</a>, bishop and patron of Modena), but it was eventually buried by a great flood in the 7th century and abandoned. </p><p>In December 2008, Italian researchers discovered the pottery center where the oil lamps that lit the ancient Roman empire were made. Evidence of the pottery workshops emerged in Modena, during construction work to build a residential complex near the ancient walls of the city. "We found a large ancient Roman dumping filled with pottery scraps. There were vases, bottles, bricks, but most of all, hundreds of oil lamps, each bearing their maker's name", <a href="/w/index.php?title=Donato_Labate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donato Labate (page does not exist)">Donato Labate</a>, the archaeologist in charge of the dig, stated.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modena&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Its exiles<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="It is logical that these exiles were survivors of the earlier-mentioned flood, but not specified. (May 2023)">why?</span></a></i>]</sup> founded a new city a few miles to the northwest, still represented by the village of Cittanova (literally "new city"). About the end of the 9th century, Modena was restored and refortified by its bishop, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludovicus,_Bishop_of_Modena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ludovicus, Bishop of Modena (page does not exist)">Ludovicus</a>. At about this time the <i><a href="/wiki/Song_of_the_Watchmen_of_Modena" title="Song of the Watchmen of Modena">Song of the Watchmen of Modena</a></i> was composed. Later the city was part of the possessions of the Countess <a href="/wiki/Matilda_of_Tuscany" title="Matilda of Tuscany">Matilda of Tuscany</a>, becoming a free <a href="/wiki/Medieval_commune" title="Medieval commune">comune</a> starting from the 12th century. In the wars between <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor Frederick II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_IX" title="Pope Gregory IX">Pope Gregory IX</a> Modena sided with the emperor. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Este_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="Este Family">Este family</a> were identified as lords of Modena from 1288 (<a href="/wiki/Obizzo_II_d%27Este,_Marquis_of_Ferrara" class="mw-redirect" title="Obizzo II d'Este, Marquis of Ferrara">Obizzo d'Este</a>). After the death of Obizzo's successor (<a href="/wiki/Azzo_VIII_d%27Este,_Marquis_of_Ferrara" class="mw-redirect" title="Azzo VIII d'Este, Marquis of Ferrara">Azzo VIII</a>, in 1308) the <a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">comune</a> reasserted itself, but by 1336 the Este family was permanently in power. Under <a href="/wiki/Borso_d%27Este" title="Borso d'Este">Borso d'Este</a>, Modena was made a duchy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_modern_and_contemporary_(Renaissance)"><span id="Late_modern_and_contemporary_.28Renaissance.29"></span>Late modern and contemporary (Renaissance)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modena&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Late modern and contemporary (Renaissance)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Modena_and_Reggio" title="Duchy of Modena and Reggio">Duchy of Modena and Reggio</a></div> <p>Enlarged and fortified by <a href="/wiki/Ercole_II_d%27Este,_Duke_of_Ferrara" class="mw-redirect" title="Ercole II d'Este, Duke of Ferrara">Ercole II</a>, it was made the primary ducal residence when <a href="/wiki/Ferrara" title="Ferrara">Ferrara</a>, the main Este seat, fell to the Pope in 1598. <a href="/wiki/Francesco_I_d%27Este,_Duke_of_Modena" class="mw-redirect" title="Francesco I d'Este, Duke of Modena">Francesco I d'Este, Duke of Modena</a> (1629–1658) built the citadel and began the palace, which was largely embellished by <a href="/wiki/Francesco_II_d%27Este,_Duke_of_Modena" class="mw-redirect" title="Francesco II d'Este, Duke of Modena">Francesco II</a>. In the 18th century, <a href="/wiki/Rinaldo_d%27Este,_Duke_of_Modena" class="mw-redirect" title="Rinaldo d'Este, Duke of Modena">Rinaldo d'Este</a> was twice driven from his city by French invasions, and <a href="/wiki/Francesco_III_d%27Este" title="Francesco III d'Este">Francesco III</a> built many of Modena's public buildings, but the Este pictures were sold and many of them wound up in <a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ercole_III_d%27Este" title="Ercole III d'Este">Ercole III</a> died in exile at <a href="/wiki/Treviso" title="Treviso">Treviso</a>, having refused Napoleonic offers of compensation when Modena was made part of the Napoleonic <a href="/wiki/Cispadane_Republic" title="Cispadane Republic">Cispadane Republic</a>. His only daughter, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Beatrice_d%27Este,_Duchess_of_Massa" title="Maria Beatrice d'Este, Duchess of Massa">Maria Beatrice d'Este</a>, married <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Archduke_of_Austria-Este" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand I, Archduke of Austria-Este">Ferdinand I, Archduke of Austria-Este</a>, son of Empress <a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Theresa of Austria">Maria Theresa of Austria</a>; and in 1814 their eldest son, <a href="/wiki/Francis_IV,_Duke_of_Modena" title="Francis IV, Duke of Modena">Francis IV</a>, received back the estates of the Este. Quickly, in 1816, he dismantled the fortifications and began Modena's years under Austrian rule. </p><p>His son <a href="/wiki/Francis_V,_Duke_of_Modena" title="Francis V, Duke of Modena">Francis V</a> was considered a just ruler, and famously tended the victims of war and <a href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">cholera</a> with his own hands. However, he too had to face yet more foreign-inspired revolutions and was temporarily expelled from Modena in the <a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848" title="Revolutions of 1848">Revolutions of 1848</a>. He was restored, amidst wide popular acclaim, by Austrian troops. Ten years later, on 20 August 1859, the revolutionaries again invaded (this time the Piedmontese), annexing Modena to the revolutionary Savoyard <a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Italy" title="Unification of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Main_sights">Main sights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modena&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Main sights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable selfref">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Modena" title="Category:Buildings and structures in Modena">Category:Buildings and structures in Modena</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ducal_Palace">Ducal Palace</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modena&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Ducal Palace"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palazzo_Ducale_Estense_di_Modena.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Palazzo_Ducale_Estense_di_Modena.jpg/800px-Palazzo_Ducale_Estense_di_Modena.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Palazzo_Ducale_Estense_di_Modena.jpg/1200px-Palazzo_Ducale_Estense_di_Modena.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Palazzo_Ducale_Estense_di_Modena.jpg/1600px-Palazzo_Ducale_Estense_di_Modena.jpg 2x" data-file-width="13870" data-file-height="4387" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Ducale_of_Modena" class="mw-redirect" title="Palazzo Ducale of Modena">Palazzo Ducale of Modena</a>, June 2015</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palazzo_Comunale_-_Modena.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Palazzo_Comunale_-_Modena.jpg/220px-Palazzo_Comunale_-_Modena.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Palazzo_Comunale_-_Modena.jpg/330px-Palazzo_Comunale_-_Modena.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Palazzo_Comunale_-_Modena.jpg/440px-Palazzo_Comunale_-_Modena.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="2376" /></a><figcaption>Palazzo Comunale, Modena town hall</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Modena_Cathedral_facade.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7c/Modena_Cathedral_facade.jpg/220px-Modena_Cathedral_facade.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7c/Modena_Cathedral_facade.jpg/330px-Modena_Cathedral_facade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7c/Modena_Cathedral_facade.jpg/440px-Modena_Cathedral_facade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1109" data-file-height="1507" /></a><figcaption>Façade of the <a href="/wiki/Duomo_di_Modena" class="mw-redirect" title="Duomo di Modena">Duomo di Modena</a>, or Cathedral of <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_Assunta" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Maria Assunta">Santa Maria Assunta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Geminianus" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Geminianus">Saint Geminianus</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Modena-duomo02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Modena-duomo02.jpg/220px-Modena-duomo02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Modena-duomo02.jpg/330px-Modena-duomo02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Modena-duomo02.jpg/440px-Modena-duomo02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Interior of the cathedral</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ducal_Palace_of_Modena" title="Ducal Palace of Modena">Ducal Palace of Modena</a>, initiated by <a href="/wiki/Francesco_I_d%27Este" title="Francesco I d'Este">Francesco I d'Este</a> in 1634 and completed by <a href="/wiki/Francis_V,_Duke_of_Modena" title="Francis V, Duke of Modena">Francis V</a>, was the seat of the Este court from the 17th to 19th century. The palace occupies the site of the former Este Castle, once located in the periphery of the city. Although generally credited to <a href="/wiki/Bartolomeo_Avanzini" title="Bartolomeo Avanzini">Bartolomeo Avanzini</a>, it has been suggested that advice and guidance in the design process had been sought from the contemporary luminaries, <a href="/wiki/Pietro_da_Cortona" title="Pietro da Cortona">Cortona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini" title="Gian Lorenzo Bernini">Bernini</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Borromini" title="Francesco Borromini">Borromini</a>. </p><p>The Palace currently houses the <a href="/wiki/Accademia_Militare_di_Modena" class="mw-redirect" title="Accademia Militare di Modena">Accademia Militare di Modena</a>, the Military Museum and a precious library. </p><p>The Palace has a Baroque façade, from which the Honour Court (where the military ceremonies are held) and the Honour Staircase can be accessed. The Central Hall has a frescoed ceiling with the 17th-century <i>Incoronation of Bradamante</i> by <a href="/wiki/Marco_Antonio_Franceschini" class="mw-redirect" title="Marco Antonio Franceschini">Marco Antonio Franceschini</a>. The <i>Salottino d'Oro</i> ("Golden Hall"), covered with gilted removable panels, was used by Duke Francis III as his main cabinet of work. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Town_Hall">Town Hall</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modena&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Town Hall"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Facing the Piazza Grande (a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_heritage_site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World heritage site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a>), the Town Hall of Modena was put together in the 17th and 18th centuries from several pre-existing edifices built from 1046 as municipal offices. </p><p>It is characterized by a Clock Tower (<i>Torre dell'Orologio</i>, late 15th century), once paired with another tower (<i>Torre Civica</i>) demolished after an earthquake in 1671. In the interior, noteworthy is the <i>Sala del Fuoco</i> ("Fire Hall"), with a painted frieze by <a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_dell%27Abbate" title="Niccolò dell'Abbate">Niccolò dell'Abbate</a> (1546) portraying famous characters from Ancient Rome against a typical Emilia background. The <i>Camerino dei Confirmati</i> ("Chamber of the Confirmed") houses one of the symbols of the city, the <i>Secchia Rapita</i>, a bucket kept in memory of the victorious <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zappolino" title="Battle of Zappolino">Battle of Zappolino</a> (1325) against <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a>. This relic inspired the poem of the same title by <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Tassoni" title="Alessandro Tassoni">Alessandro Tassoni</a>. Another relic from the Middle Ages in Modena is the <i>Preda Ringadora</i>, a rectangular marble stone next to the palace porch, used as a speakers' platform, and the statue called <i>La Bonissima</i> ("The Very Good"): the latter, portraying a female figure, was erected in the square in 1268 and later installed over the porch. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Cathedral_and_the_Ghirlandina">The Cathedral and the Ghirlandina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modena&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: The Cathedral and the Ghirlandina"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Duomo_di_Modena" class="mw-redirect" title="Duomo di Modena">Duomo di Modena</a> and <a href="/wiki/Torre_della_Ghirlandina" title="Torre della Ghirlandina">Torre della Ghirlandina</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:-6007_IMG_1913_4_5_fused_copy-aL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/-6007_IMG_1913_4_5_fused_copy-aL.jpg/220px--6007_IMG_1913_4_5_fused_copy-aL.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/-6007_IMG_1913_4_5_fused_copy-aL.jpg/330px--6007_IMG_1913_4_5_fused_copy-aL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/-6007_IMG_1913_4_5_fused_copy-aL.jpg/440px--6007_IMG_1913_4_5_fused_copy-aL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4158" /></a><figcaption>View from Piazza Grande with detail of the statue of La Bonissima and the <a href="/wiki/Ghirlandina_tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghirlandina tower">Ghirlandina tower</a> in the background</figcaption></figure> <p>The Cathedral of Modena and the annexed campanile are a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>. Begun under the direction of the Countess <a href="/wiki/Matilda_of_Tuscany" title="Matilda of Tuscany">Matilda of Tuscany</a><sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with its first stone laid 6 June 1099 and its crypt ready for the city's patron, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Geminianus" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Geminianus">Saint Geminianus</a>, and consecrated only six years later, the Duomo of Modena was finished in 1184. The building of a great cathedral in this flood-prone ravaged former center of <a href="/wiki/Arianism" title="Arianism">Arianism</a> was an act of <a href="/wiki/Urban_renewal" title="Urban renewal">urban renewal</a> in itself, and an expression of the flood of piety that motivated the contemporary <a href="/wiki/First_Crusade" title="First Crusade">First Crusade</a>. Unusually, the master builder's name, <a href="/wiki/Lanfranco" title="Lanfranco">Lanfranco</a>, was celebrated in his own day: the city's chronicler expressed the popular confidence in the master-mason from <a href="/wiki/Como" title="Como">Como</a>, Lanfranco: by God's mercy the man was found (<i>inventus est vir</i>). </p><p>The sculptor <a href="/wiki/Wiligelmo" title="Wiligelmo">Wiligelmus</a> who directed the mason's yard was praised in the plaque that commemorated the founding. The program of the sculpture is not lost in a welter of detail: the wild dangerous universe of the exterior is mediated by the Biblical figures of the portals leading to the Christian world of the interior. In Wiligelmus' sculpture at Modena, the human body takes on a renewed physicality it had lost in the schematic symbolic figures of previous centuries. At the east end, three <a href="/wiki/Apse" title="Apse">apses</a> reflect the division of the body of the cathedral into nave and wide aisles with their bold, solid masses. Modena's Duomo inspired campaigns of cathedral and abbey building in emulation through the valley of the <a href="/wiki/Po_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Po River">Po</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a> <a href="/wiki/Campanile" class="mw-redirect" title="Campanile">campanile</a> (1224–1319) is called <i><a href="/wiki/Torre_della_Ghirlandina" title="Torre della Ghirlandina">Torre della Ghirlandina</a></i> from the bronze garland surrounding the weathercock. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_churches">Other churches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modena&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Other churches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable selfref">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Roman_Catholic_churches_in_Modena" title="Category:Roman Catholic churches in Modena">Category:Roman Catholic churches in Modena</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/San_Vincenzo,_Modena" title="San Vincenzo, Modena">San Vincenzo</a>: erected in 17th century over a prior 13th-century church. The original design was by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paolo_Reggiano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paolo Reggiano (page does not exist)">Paolo Reggiano</a>, but completed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernardo_Castagnini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernardo Castagnini (page does not exist)">Bernardo Castagnini</a>, probably helped by the young <a href="/wiki/Guarino_Guarini" title="Guarino Guarini">Guarino Guarini</a>. The interior contains frescoes by <a href="/wiki/Sigismondo_Caula" title="Sigismondo Caula">Sigismondo Caula</a> portraying episodes of the <i>Lives of Saints <a href="/wiki/Vincent_of_Saragossa" title="Vincent of Saragossa">Vincent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cajetan" title="Cajetan">Cajetan</a></i>. The dome was destroyed during World War II. This church houses the funerary monuments of the Dukes of Este.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_della_Pomposa,_Modena" title="Santa Maria della Pomposa, Modena">Santa Maria della Pomposa</a>: also known as <i>Aedes Muratoriana</i>, is probably the oldest religious church in town, documented as early as 1135. Little remains of the original medieval temple. Construction of the present church is mainly due to <a href="/wiki/Ludovico_Antonio_Muratori" title="Ludovico Antonio Muratori">Ludovico Antonio Muratori</a>, the parish priest (1716–1750), who rebuilt it from the ground.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Giovanni_Decollato,_Modena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Giovanni Decollato, Modena (page does not exist)">San Giovanni Decollato</a>: church of <i>St. John Baptist Beheaded</i> built in the 16th century over a pre-existing temple dedicated to St Michael, and modified in 18th century.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Agostino,_Modena" title="Sant'Agostino, Modena">Sant'Agostino</a>: 14th-century church of St Augustine, largely renovated in 1663 for the funeral of <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_IV_d%27Este" title="Alfonso IV d'Este">Alfonso IV d'Este</a>. The sober original structure was embellished with 17th-century stuccoes and a panelled ceiling. The most notable artwork is the <i>Deposition</i> (1476) by the Modenese <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Begarelli" title="Antonio Begarelli">Antonio Begarelli</a>, once in the church of <a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Giovanni_Battista,_Modena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Giovanni Battista, Modena (page does not exist)">San Giovanni Battista</a>. Traces of a 14th-century fresco by <a href="/wiki/Tommaso_da_Modena" title="Tommaso da Modena">Tommaso da Modena</a> can still be seen.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francesco,_Modena" title="San Francesco, Modena">San Francesco</a>: construction of the church of St Francis begun in 1224 by the <a href="/wiki/Franciscan" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscan">Franciscans</a>, and not finished for two centuries. The Gothic-style church houses one of Begarelli's masterworks, a <i>Deposition of Christ</i> made up of thirteen statues.</li></ul> <ul><li><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chiesa_di_San_Pietro,_Modena.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Chiesa_di_San_Pietro%2C_Modena.jpg/220px-Chiesa_di_San_Pietro%2C_Modena.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Chiesa_di_San_Pietro%2C_Modena.jpg/330px-Chiesa_di_San_Pietro%2C_Modena.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Chiesa_di_San_Pietro%2C_Modena.jpg/440px-Chiesa_di_San_Pietro%2C_Modena.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Chiesa di <a href="/wiki/San_Pietro,_Modena" title="San Pietro, Modena">San Pietro, Modena</a></figcaption></figure><a href="/wiki/San_Pietro,_Modena" title="San Pietro, Modena">San Pietro</a>: church erected, according to tradition, over the temple of <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_Capitolinus" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupiter Capitolinus">Jupiter Capitolinus</a>. The current <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_architecture" title="Renaissance architecture">Renaissance</a>-style edifice is from 1476, built next to a <a href="/wiki/Benedictine" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedictine">Benedictine</a> abbey founded in 996 outside the city walls; the church is among the few 15th-century structures of this style Modena. The interior has a 15th-century organ and numerous terracotta works by Begarelli. The campanile was built in 1629.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Giorgio,_Modena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Giorgio, Modena (page does not exist)">San Giorgio</a>: church of St George, and also known as the Sanctuary of the Blessed Virgin Helper of the Modenese People. The church boasts a venerated image of the Madonna as a main altarpiece. The main altar (1666) was built with polychrome marbles by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Loraghi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonio Loraghi (page does not exist)">Antonio Loraghi</a>. The layout is that of a Greek cross, and was erected in 1647.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/San_Bartolomeo,_Modena" title="San Bartolomeo, Modena">San Bartolomeo, Modena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiesa_del_Voto,_Modena" title="Chiesa del Voto, Modena">Chiesa del Voto</a>: Votive Church erected after the cessation of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_plague_of_1629%E2%80%9331" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian plague of 1629–31">Plague of 1630</a>.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Modena_Synagogue.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/04/Modena_Synagogue.JPG/220px-Modena_Synagogue.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/04/Modena_Synagogue.JPG/330px-Modena_Synagogue.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/04/Modena_Synagogue.JPG/440px-Modena_Synagogue.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1232" data-file-height="1840" /></a><figcaption>Modena <a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">Synagogue</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Synagogue">Synagogue</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modena&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Synagogue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The Synagogue, opposite the Palazzo Comunale, was built by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jews_of_Modena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jews of Modena (page does not exist)">Jewish community of Modena</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunit%C3%A0_ebraica_di_Modena" class="extiw" title="it:Comunità ebraica di Modena">it</a>; <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histoire_des_Juifs_%C3%A0_Mod%C3%A8ne" class="extiw" title="fr:Histoire des Juifs à Modène">fr</a>]</span> in Lombardesque style and inaugurated in 1873.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_sights">Other sights</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modena&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Other sights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Mercato Albinelli, a historical covered market founded in 1931</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orto_Botanico_dell%27Universit%C3%A0_di_Modena_e_Reggio_Emilia" title="Orto Botanico dell'Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia">Orto Botanico dell'Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Botanical_garden" title="Botanical garden">botanical garden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Cataldo_Cemetery,_Modena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Cataldo Cemetery, Modena (page does not exist)">San Cataldo Cemetery</a>, designed by avant-gardist Italian architect <a href="/wiki/Aldo_Rossi" title="Aldo Rossi">Aldo Rossi</a> (1971–1997)</li> <li>Home (museum) of <a href="/wiki/Luciano_Pavarotti" title="Luciano Pavarotti">Luciano Pavarotti</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modena&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modena&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main category: <a href="/wiki/Category:Museums_in_Modena" title="Category:Museums in Modena">Museums in Modena</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Museum_Palace">Museum Palace</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modena&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Museum Palace"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Museum Palace, on the St. Augustine square, is an example of civil architecture from the Este period, built as a Hostel for the poor, together with the nearby Hospital in the late 18th century. Today it houses the main museums of Modena: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estense_Gallery" class="mw-redirect" title="Estense Gallery">Estense Gallery</a>, with works by <a href="/wiki/Tintoretto" title="Tintoretto">Tintoretto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Veronese" title="Paolo Veronese">Paolo Veronese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guido_Reni" title="Guido Reni">Guido Reni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Correggio" class="mw-redirect" title="Correggio">Correggio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cosm%C3%A9_Tura" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmé Tura">Cosmé Tura</a> and brothers <a href="/wiki/Annibale_Carracci" title="Annibale Carracci">Annibale</a> and <a href="/wiki/Agostino_Carracci" title="Agostino Carracci">Agostino Carracci</a>. The most famous works are the two portraits of Francis I d'Este, a sculpture by <a href="/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini" title="Gian Lorenzo Bernini">Gian Lorenzo Bernini</a> and a canvas by <a href="/wiki/Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez" title="Diego Velázquez">Diego Velázquez</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Estense" title="Biblioteca Estense">Estense Library</a>, one of the most important libraries in Italy.</li> <li>Museum of Medieval and Modern Art.</li> <li>Municipal Museum of <a href="/wiki/Risorgimento" class="mw-redirect" title="Risorgimento">Risorgimento</a>.</li> <li>Este Headstones Museum.</li> <li>Roman Lapidary Museum.</li> <li>Graziosi Gallery of Plaster Casts.</li> <li>City Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology.</li></ul> <p>The Estense Gallery and Library have reopened on 29 May 2015 after the <a href="/wiki/2012_Northern_Italy_earthquakes" title="2012 Northern Italy earthquakes">earthquake of 2012</a>. The Gallery has been completely restored but some pieces are still damaged and thus cannot be seen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Museums_of_the_Cathedral">Museums of the Cathedral</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modena&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Museums of the Cathedral"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Opened for the <a href="/wiki/Great_Jubilee" title="Great Jubilee">Great Jubilee</a> in 2000, the Museum of the Cathedral houses a rich collection of artistic heritage, in particular liturgical ornaments and furnishings. Apart from the finds of the cathedral building site by Wiligelmus and Lanfranco, such as romanesque metopes and roof decorations, in the Lapidary there are also reliefs, sculptures and inscriptions of the Roman, Medieval and Renaissance era found in the cathedral area during the restoration works between the 19th and the 20th century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Museum_Enzo_Ferrari">Museum Enzo Ferrari</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modena&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Museum Enzo Ferrari"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Inaugurated on 10 March 2012, the <a href="/wiki/Museo_Casa_Enzo_Ferrari" title="Museo Casa Enzo Ferrari">museum complex</a> includes <a href="/wiki/Enzo_Ferrari" title="Enzo Ferrari">Enzo Ferrari</a>'s birthplace and a futuristic automotive design gallery, painted in the yellow that Enzo Ferrari chose as the background for the Prancing horse on his logo. The exhibition gallery was designed by the famous architect <a href="/wiki/Jan_Kaplick%C3%BD" title="Jan Kaplický">Jan Kaplický</a>, who suddenly died in 2009, and carried on by his associate and loyal assistant Andrea Morgante. </p><p>The interior features a multimedia display of pictures, unpublished films and precious mementoes of Enzo Ferrari's life as a man, driver and car-maker throughout the 20th century. </p><p>The Exhibition Gallery houses a flexible mounting representing story, figures, places and races of the Modenese sport motor racing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Museum_of_Collectible_Cards">Museum of Collectible Cards</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modena&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Museum of Collectible Cards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Founded in 1986 by Giuseppe Panini, who then decided to donate his collection to the city, the <a href="/wiki/Museo_della_figurina" title="Museo della figurina">Museo della figurina</a> was opened to the public on 15 December 2006. It is located inside the Santa Margherita Palace, which also houses the Delfini Library and the City Gallery. </p><p>The Museum houses several collections, including, apart from the classic stickers, cigarette cards, letter seals, matchboxes and calendars, all of which represent a very important historical document of the development of picture cards throughout the years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teatro_Comunale_Modena">Teatro Comunale Modena</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modena&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Teatro Comunale Modena"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Teatro_Comunale_Modena" title="Teatro Comunale Modena">Teatro Comunale Modena</a> (Community Theatre of Modena, but renamed in October 2007 as "Teatro Comunale Luciano Pavarotti") is an <a href="/wiki/Opera_house" title="Opera house">opera house</a> in Modena. The idea for the creation of the present theatre dates from 1838, when it became apparent that the then-existing Teatro Comunale di via Emilia (in dual private and public ownership) was no longer suitable for staging opera. However, this house had been the venue for presentations of all of the works of <a href="/wiki/Donizetti" class="mw-redirect" title="Donizetti">Donizetti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Bellini" title="Vincenzo Bellini">Bellini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rossini" class="mw-redirect" title="Rossini">Rossini</a> up to this time, and a flourishing operatic culture existed in Modena. </p><p>Under the Mayor of Modena in collaboration with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservatorio_dell%27Illustrissima_Comunit%C3%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conservatorio dell'Illustrissima Comunità (page does not exist)">Conservatorio dell'Illustrissima Comunità</a> (Conservatory of the Most Illustrious Community), architect <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francesco_Vandelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francesco Vandelli (page does not exist)">Francesco Vandelli</a> was engaged to design the Teatro dell'Illustrissima Comunità, as the theatre was first called, "for the dignity of the city and for the transmission of the scenic arts".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paid for in the manner typical of the time – from the sale of boxes – in addition to a significant gift from Duke Friedrich IV, Vandelli created a design for the new theatre combining ideas from those in <a href="/wiki/Piacenza" title="Piacenza">Piacenza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mantua" title="Mantua">Mantua</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, and it opened on 2 October 1841 with a performance of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gandini_(opera_composer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gandini (opera composer) (page does not exist)">Gandini</a>'s <i>Adelaide di Borgogna al Castello di Canossa</i>, an opera specially commissioned for the occasion. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modena&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cotechino-Servito-Polenta-Lenticchie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Cotechino-Servito-Polenta-Lenticchie.jpg/220px-Cotechino-Servito-Polenta-Lenticchie.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Cotechino-Servito-Polenta-Lenticchie.jpg/330px-Cotechino-Servito-Polenta-Lenticchie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Cotechino-Servito-Polenta-Lenticchie.jpg/440px-Cotechino-Servito-Polenta-Lenticchie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1435" data-file-height="1027" /></a><figcaption><i>Cotechino Modena</i>, as served with <a href="/wiki/Polenta" title="Polenta">polenta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lentils" class="mw-redirect" title="Lentils">lentils</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Modena has a rich and diversified cuisine, often including meats, hams and salamis. One of the most famous <i>modenese</i> dishes is <i><a href="/wiki/Cotechino_Modena" title="Cotechino Modena">zampone</a></i> (the fatter and heartier version) or <i><a href="/wiki/Cotechino_Modena" title="Cotechino Modena">cotechino Modena</a></i> (<i>cotechino</i> is leaner and less fat than <i>zampone</i>). <i>Cotechino</i> dates back to around 1511 to <a href="/wiki/Mirandola" title="Mirandola">Mirandola</a>, where, whilst besieged, the people had to find a way to preserve meat and use the less tender cuts, so made the <i>cotechino</i>. By the 18th century it had become more popular than the yellowish sausage had been around at the time, and in the 19th century was in <a href="/wiki/Mass_production" title="Mass production">mass production</a> in and around the area. </p><p>Modena's contribution to the Italian pasta culture are <i><a href="/wiki/Tortellini" title="Tortellini">tortellini</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Tortelloni" title="Tortelloni">tortelloni</a></i>, which are squares of pasta shaped in the form of a ring and stuffed with meat or cheese. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Cappello_del_prete" title="Cappello del prete">Cappello del prete</a></i> is also a popular meal, which is a very fatty pig's trotter. Other dishes include <i><a href="/wiki/Torta_Barozzi" title="Torta Barozzi">torta Barozzi</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Torta_Barozzi" title="Torta Barozzi">torta nera</a></i>, which is a black tart (a dessert made with a coffee/cocoa and almond filling encased in a fine pastry dough), <i><a href="/wiki/Ciccioli" title="Ciccioli">ciccioli</a></i>, made by slowly cooking, compressing, drying, and aging fatty, leftover pieces of pork, and <i>pesto modenese</i>, which is cured pork back fat pounded with garlic, rosemary and <a href="/wiki/Parmesan" title="Parmesan">Parmesan</a>, used to fill borlenghi and crescentine. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Balsamic_vinegar_of_Modena" title="Balsamic vinegar of Modena">Balsamic vinegar of Modena</a> became a <a href="/wiki/Protected_geographical_indication" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected geographical indication">protected geographical indication</a> under EU law in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="discrepancy in dates (May 2023)">verification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The Balsamic Vinegar is a condiment for salad, cheese, strawberries and many other dishes. The practice of cooking the must of grapes can be traced back to the ancient Romans: the so-called sapum was used both as a medicinal product and in the kitchen as a sweetener and condiment. The long history of the Balsamic Vinegar came to us through centuries and now is most consumed abroad than in Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Template:Refexample#Self-sourcing" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Refexample"><span title="This example needs references to sources that describe its significance in the context of the article. (May 2023)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Modena contains Italy's most acclaimed restaurant, <a href="/wiki/Osteria_Francescana" title="Osteria Francescana">Osteria Francescana</a>, which holds three stars in the <a href="/wiki/Michelin_Guide" title="Michelin Guide">Michelin Guide</a> since 2013 and, as of 2018, has been named as the best restaurant in the world in <a href="/wiki/The_World%27s_50_Best_Restaurants" title="The World's 50 Best Restaurants">The World's 50 Best Restaurants</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arts">Arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modena&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Art studio <a href="/wiki/Fuse*" title="Fuse*">fuse*</a> is based in Modena. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modena&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maserati_GranCabrio_(MSP17).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Maserati_GranCabrio_%28MSP17%29.jpg/220px-Maserati_GranCabrio_%28MSP17%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Maserati_GranCabrio_%28MSP17%29.jpg/330px-Maserati_GranCabrio_%28MSP17%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Maserati_GranCabrio_%28MSP17%29.jpg/440px-Maserati_GranCabrio_%28MSP17%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4959" data-file-height="3372" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Maserati_GranTurismo#GranCabrio_I_(2010–2019)" title="Maserati GranTurismo">Maserati GranCabrio MC</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Modena and its province is one of Italy's most affluent areas, thanks to a rich agriculture and numerous small and medium manufacturing enterprises. Among the largest employers are <a href="/wiki/BPER_Banca" title="BPER Banca">BPER Banca</a>, the publishing company <a href="/wiki/Panini_Group" title="Panini Group">Panini Group</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Cremonini" title="Luigi Cremonini">Cremonini Group</a>, one of Europe's largest meat packaging and catering companies; Grandi Salumifici Italiani and Parmareggio, <a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruppo_Fini" class="extiw" title="it:Gruppo Fini">Gruppo Fini</a> other large food processing companies; <a href="/wiki/Liu_Jo" title="Liu Jo">Liu Jo</a>, a large clothing company. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Automotive_industry">Automotive industry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modena&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Automotive industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Modena is, along with <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>, one of Italy's main centres of the automotive industry, with a rich history and tradition in this field. The iconic <a href="/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari">Ferrari</a> brand was founded in Modena by Modenese legendary car tycoon <a href="/wiki/Enzo_Ferrari" title="Enzo Ferrari">Enzo Ferrari</a>, and today is headquartered just outside the city, in the suburb of <a href="/wiki/Maranello" title="Maranello">Maranello</a>. Several other Italian luxury automobile manufacturers such as <a href="/wiki/Pagani_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagani (company)">Pagani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maserati" title="Maserati">Maserati</a> are headquartered in the Modena area. The electric motorcycle maker <a href="/wiki/Energica_Motor_Company" title="Energica Motor Company">Energica Motor Company</a> is headquartered in the city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modena&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main category: <a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Modena" title="Category:People from Modena">People from Modena</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Bellentani" title="Vittorio Bellentani">Vittorio Bellentani</a> (1906–1968), engineer and racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Berechiah_of_Modena" title="Aaron Berechiah of Modena">Aaron Berechiah of Modena</a> (1549-1639), <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> <a href="/wiki/Kabbalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabbalist">kabbalist</a> and author<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurizio_Ceresoli" title="Maurizio Ceresoli">Maurizio Ceresoli</a> (born 1983), racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Castagnetti" title="Giuseppe Castagnetti">Giuseppe Castagnetti</a> (1909–1965), Roman Catholic politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzo_Ferrari" title="Enzo Ferrari">Enzo Ferrari</a> (1898–1988), founder of <a href="/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari">Ferrari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirella_Freni" title="Mirella Freni">Mirella Freni</a> (1935–2020), operatic soprano</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefano_Modena" title="Stefano Modena">Stefano Modena</a> (born 1963), racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luciano_Pavarotti" title="Luciano Pavarotti">Luciano Pavarotti</a> (1935–2007), operatic tenor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Rovigo" title="Abraham Rovigo">Abraham Rovigo</a> (1650-1713), <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> <a href="/wiki/Kabbalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabbalist">kabbalist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">rabbi</a>, and scholar.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Sighinolfi" title="Sergio Sighinolfi">Sergio Sighinolfi</a> (1925–1956), racing driver</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modena&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modena&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Modena_railway_station" title="Modena railway station">Modena railway station</a>, opened in 1859, forms part of the <a href="/wiki/Milan%E2%80%93Bologna_railway" title="Milan–Bologna railway">Milan–Bologna railway</a>, and is also a terminus of two secondary railways, linking Modena with each of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Verona%E2%80%93Modena_railway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Verona–Modena railway (page does not exist)">Verona</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Modena%E2%80%93Sassuolo_railway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modena–Sassuolo railway (page does not exist)">Sassuolo</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urban_transport">Urban transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modena&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Urban transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Modena's urban public transport network is operated by SETA. The network includes the <a href="/wiki/Trolleybuses_in_Modena" title="Trolleybuses in Modena">Modena trolleybus system</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modena&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1861</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">52,629</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1871</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">56,995</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+8.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1881</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">57,520</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">63,012</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+9.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1911</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">71,922</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+14.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1921</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">81,590</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+13.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1931</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">89,741</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+10.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1936</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">96,337</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+7.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1951</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">111,364</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+15.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1961</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">139,183</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+25.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1971</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">171,072</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+22.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">180,312</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1991</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">176,990</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">175,502</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">179,149</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+2.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2021</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">184,971</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.2%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <a href="/wiki/Istituto_Nazionale_di_Statistica" class="mw-redirect" title="Istituto Nazionale di Statistica">ISTAT</a></td></tr></tbody></table><p>At the <a href="/wiki/2011_Italian_census" title="2011 Italian census">census of 2011</a>, there were 179,149 people residing in the city. The population density (persons per square kilometre) was <span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7002978900000000000♠"></span>978.9/km<sup>2</sup> (2,535.3/sq mi). Minors (children ages 18 and younger) totaled 16.2 percent of the population compared to pensioners who number 22.5 percent. This compares with the Italian average of 18.1 percent (minors) and 19.9 percent (pensioners). The average age of Modena resident is 44 compared to the Italian average of 42. Between 2002 and 2007, Modena grew by 2.4%, while Italy as a whole grew by 3.6%.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current birth rate of Modena is 9.62 births per 1,000 inhabitants compared to the Italian average of 9.45 births. </p><p>As of 2006<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Modena&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, 89.6% of the population was <a href="/wiki/Italians" title="Italians">Italian</a>. The largest foreign group comes from other parts of Europe (namely <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>): 3.9%, followed by <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a>: 2.4%, and <a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</a>: 1.9%. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modena&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stadio_Alberto_Braglia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Stadio_Alberto_Braglia.jpg/200px-Stadio_Alberto_Braglia.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Stadio_Alberto_Braglia.jpg/300px-Stadio_Alberto_Braglia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Stadio_Alberto_Braglia.jpg/400px-Stadio_Alberto_Braglia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The Stadio Alberto Braglia, home of Modena FC</figcaption></figure> <p>Modena has a strong sporting tradition, linked mainly to <a href="/wiki/Motorsport" title="Motorsport">motor racing</a> as the birthplace of <a href="/wiki/Enzo_Ferrari" title="Enzo Ferrari">Enzo Ferrari</a>, founder of the eponymous motor racing team and car manufacturer based in nearby <a href="/wiki/Maranello" title="Maranello">Maranello</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_360" title="Ferrari 360">Ferrari 360 Modena</a> was named after the city. Modena is known as the world's 'Supercar Capital', being the nearest large town to the homes of <a href="/wiki/Maserati" title="Maserati">Maserati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lamborghini" title="Lamborghini">Lamborghini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pagani_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagani (company)">Pagani</a> and previously also <a href="/wiki/Ducati" title="Ducati">Ducati</a> and <a href="/wiki/De_Tomaso" title="De Tomaso">De Tomaso</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The city has had two major football clubs: <a href="/wiki/Modena_F.C._2018" class="mw-redirect" title="Modena F.C. 2018">Modena F.C.</a>, who played in <a href="/wiki/Serie_B" title="Serie B">Serie B</a> for many years but was dissolved in 2017, and Serie B team <a href="/wiki/A.C._Carpi" class="mw-redirect" title="A.C. Carpi">Carpi F.C. 1909</a>. In 2018, Modena F.C. was reincarnated as <a href="/wiki/Modena_F.C._2018" class="mw-redirect" title="Modena F.C. 2018">Modena F.C. 2018</a> who play at the 21,151-seat <a href="/wiki/Stadio_Alberto_Braglia" title="Stadio Alberto Braglia">Stadio Alberto Braglia</a>, the former home of Modena F.C. which has also hosted international <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">Volleyball</a> plays an important role in Modena's sport history, with <a href="/wiki/Modena_Volley" title="Modena Volley">Modena Volley</a> having won 12 National championships, four Champion's League seasons, and other trophies.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is also a baseball club with 50 years' tradition—the <a href="/wiki/Modena_Baseball_Club" title="Modena Baseball Club">Modena BBC</a>, currently playing in the A-Series of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Baseball_League" title="Italian Baseball League">Italian Baseball League</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modena&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: International relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Italy" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy">List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modena&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Modena is <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan"><img alt="Kazakhstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Almaty" title="Almaty">Almaty</a>, Kazakhstan</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Benxi" title="Benxi">Benxi</a>, China</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Highland_Park,_Illinois" title="Highland Park, Illinois">Highland Park, Illinois</a>, United States</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a>, Austria</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Londrina" title="Londrina">Londrina</a>, Brazil</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia"><img alt="Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a>, Serbia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">Saint Paul, Minnesota</a>, United States</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consulates">Consulates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modena&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Consulates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modena&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/32px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/48px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/64px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Italy" title="Portal:Italy">Italy portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/32px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/48px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/64px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:European_Union" title="Portal:European Union">European Union portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/28px-COL-city_icon.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/42px-COL-city_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/56px-COL-city_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cities" title="Portal:Cities">Cities portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autodromo_di_Modena" title="Autodromo di Modena">Autodromo di Modena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Modena_and_Reggio" title="Duchy of Modena and Reggio">Duchy of Modena and Reggio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Ferrara_and_of_Modena" title="Duke of Ferrara and of Modena">Duke of Ferrara and of Modena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Modena" title="Mary of Modena">Mary of Modena, Queen of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacopo_Zoboli" title="Jacopo Zoboli">Jacopo Zoboli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludovico_Antonio_Muratori" title="Ludovico Antonio Muratori">Ludovico Antonio Muratori</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modena&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-16139ca327c50d72c40d8c5fd3abe706b989650e-v18-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-16139ca327c50d72c40d8c5fd3abe706b989650e-v18_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224">"Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011"</a>. Italian National Institute of Statistics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Superficie+di+Comuni+Province+e+Regioni+italiane+al+9+ottobre+2011&rft.pub=Italian+National+Institute+of+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.istat.it%2Fit%2Farchivio%2F156224&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-6c4193b2686f905553042f4ae1ae4934aea078c8-v18-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-6c4193b2686f905553042f4ae1ae4934aea078c8-v18_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demo.istat.it/pop2018/index3.html">"Popolazione Residente al 1° Gennaio 2018"</a>. Italian National Institute of Statistics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Popolazione+Residente+al+1%C2%B0+Gennaio+2018&rft.pub=Italian+National+Institute+of+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdemo.istat.it%2Fpop2018%2Findex3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200322182206/https://www.lexico.com/definition/modena">"Modena"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a> UK English Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexico.com/definition/Modena">the original</a> on 22 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Modena&rft.btitle=Lexico+UK+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2FModena&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/modena">"Modena"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Collins_English_Dictionary" title="Collins English Dictionary">Collins English Dictionary</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collins+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Modena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fmodena&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Modena">"Modena"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Modena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FModena&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRedazione2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Redazione (10 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.beverfood.com/aceto-balsamico-modena-dop-igp-storia-millenaria-wd/">"Aceto balsamico di Modena DOP IGP: una storia millenaria"</a>. <i>beverfood.com</i> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=beverfood.com&rft.atitle=Aceto+balsamico+di+Modena+DOP+IGP%3A+una+storia+millenaria&rft.date=2020-07-10&rft.au=Redazione&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.beverfood.com%2Faceto-balsamico-modena-dop-igp-storia-millenaria-wd%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clim-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Clim_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arpae.it/it/temi-ambientali/clima/dati-e-indicatori/tabelle-climatiche/tabelle-climatologiche-1961-2020">"Tabelle climatologiche"</a>. Arpae Emilia-Romagna agenzia prevenzione ambiente energia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tabelle+climatologiche&rft.pub=Arpae+Emilia-Romagna+agenzia+prevenzione+ambiente+energia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arpae.it%2Fit%2Ftemi-ambientali%2Fclima%2Fdati-e-indicatori%2Ftabelle-climatiche%2Ftabelle-climatologiche-1961-2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Modena"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Modena">"Modena" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 641–642.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Modena&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=641-642&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.casamuseolucianopavarotti.it/en/">Casa Museo Luciano Pavarotti</a> – Home of Luciano Pavarotti, now a museum</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quoted in Lynn, p.191</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32000R0813">Council Regulation (EC) No 813/2000 of 17 April 2000 supplementing the Annex to Commission Regulation (EC) No 1107/96 on the registration of geographical indications and designations of origin under the procedure laid down in Article 17 of Regulation (EEC) No 2081/92</a>, designating balsamic vinegars from Modena and Reggio Emilia.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.consorziobalsamico.it/consortium/history-of-the-consortium/?lang=en">"History of the consortium"</a>. <i>Consorzio Tutela Aceto Balsamico di Modena</i>. 4 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Consorzio+Tutela+Aceto+Balsamico+di+Modena&rft.atitle=History+of+the+consortium&rft.date=2022-11-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.consorziobalsamico.it%2Fconsortium%2Fhistory-of-the-consortium%2F%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.italiaregina.it/balsamic-vinegar/">"Balsamic Vinegar"</a>. <i>Italiaregina.it</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Italiaregina.it&rft.atitle=Balsamic+Vinegar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.italiaregina.it%2Fbalsamic-vinegar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/worlds-best-restaurants-2018/index.html">"World's best restaurant for 2018"</a>. <i>CNN Travel</i>. 19 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN+Travel&rft.atitle=World%27s+best+restaurant+for+2018&rft.date=2018-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2Ftravel%2Farticle%2Fworlds-best-restaurants-2018%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paninigroup.com/exp_new/1.asp">Corporate Info</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090823113233/http://www.paninigroup.com/exp_new/1.asp">Archived</a> 23 August 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." <a href="/wiki/Panini_Group" title="Panini Group">Panini Group</a>. Retrieved on 5 September 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/modena">"Modena, Italy"</a>. <i>Jewish Virtual Library</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Virtual+Library&rft.atitle=Modena%2C+Italy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fmodena&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060709083746/http://demo.istat.it/bil2002/index.html">"Statistiche demografiche ISTAT"</a>. Demo.istat.it. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demo.istat.it/bil2002/index.html">the original</a> on 9 July 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistiche+demografiche+ISTAT&rft.pub=Demo.istat.it&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdemo.istat.it%2Fbil2002%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090426215446/http://demo.istat.it/bil2007/index.html">"Statistiche demografiche ISTAT"</a>. Demo.istat.it. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demo.istat.it/bil2007/index.html">the original</a> on 26 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistiche+demografiche+ISTAT&rft.pub=Demo.istat.it&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdemo.istat.it%2Fbil2007%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.federugby.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2116:italia-mallett-conferma-il-gruppo-dei-convocati-per-il-test-di-modena-con-fiji&catid=109:italia&Itemid=415">"Italia, Mallett Conferma il Gruppo Dei Concocati per il Test di Modena con Fiji"</a>. <i>www.federugby.it</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.federugby.it&rft.atitle=Italia%2C+Mallett+Conferma+il+Gruppo+Dei+Concocati+per+il+Test+di+Modena+con+Fiji&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.federugby.it%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D2116%3Aitalia-mallett-conferma-il-gruppo-dei-convocati-per-il-test-di-modena-con-fiji%26catid%3D109%3Aitalia%26Itemid%3D415&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.modenavolley.it/club/palmares/">"Palmares"</a>. <i>Modena Volley</i> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Modena+Volley&rft.atitle=Palmares&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.modenavolley.it%2Fclub%2Fpalmares%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.modenabaseball.it/">"Modena Baseball Club | Modena Baseball"</a> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Modena+Baseball+Club+%7C+Modena+Baseball&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.modenabaseball.it%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.comune.modena.it/il-comune/gemellaggi-e-reti">"Gemellaggi e Reti nazionali ed europee"</a>. <i>comune.modena.it</i> (in Italian). Modena<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=comune.modena.it&rft.atitle=Gemellaggi+e+Reti+nazionali+ed+europee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.comune.modena.it%2Fil-comune%2Fgemellaggi-e-reti&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visitlakecounty.org/Sister-Cities">"Sister Cities"</a>. <i>visitlakecounty.org</i>. Highland Park<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=visitlakecounty.org&rft.atitle=Sister+Cities&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitlakecounty.org%2FSister-Cities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modena&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Modena#Bibliography" title="Timeline of Modena">Bibliography of the history of Modena</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modena&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Modena</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Modena" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Modena">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Modena" class="extiw" title="c:Modena">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Modena" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Modena">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Modena" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Modena">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Modena" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Modena">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Modena" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Modena">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Modena" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Modena">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Modena" class="extiw" title="voy:Modena">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://turismo.comune.modena.it/en?set_language=en">Official website of the Modena Tourist Information Office</a> <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040316003425/http://www.traces-cl.com/archive/mar99/themiddl.html">Description of the cathedral</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090705091432/http://modena.vp44.com/">Webcam Modena</a> Street webcam located Via Sauro, downtown Modena</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_Heritage_Sites_in_Italy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Italy" title="Template:World Heritage Sites in Italy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Italy" title="Template talk:World Heritage Sites in Italy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Italy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Heritage Sites in Italy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_Heritage_Sites_in_Italy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Italy" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Italy">World Heritage Sites in Italy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Italy" title="Northwest Italy">Northwest</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crespi_d%27Adda" title="Crespi d'Adda">Crespi d'Adda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historic_center_of_Genoa" title="Historic center of Genoa">Historic center</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivrea" title="Ivrea">Ivrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantua" title="Mantua">Mantua</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sabbioneta" title="Sabbioneta">Sabbioneta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_San_Giorgio" title="Monte San Giorgio">Monte San Giorgio</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porto_Venere" title="Porto Venere">Porto Venere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palmaria_(island)" title="Palmaria (island)">Palmaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tino_(island)" title="Tino (island)">Tino</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tinetto" title="Tinetto">Tinetto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cinque_Terre" title="Cinque Terre">Cinque Terre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residences_of_the_Royal_House_of_Savoy" title="Residences of the Royal House of Savoy">Residences of the Royal House of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhaetian_Railway" title="Rhaetian Railway">Rhaetian Railway</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Albula_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Albula Railway">Albula</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bernina_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernina railway">Bernina</a> Landscapes<sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Drawings_in_Valcamonica" title="Rock Drawings in Valcamonica">Rock Drawings in Valcamonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacri_Monti_of_Piedmont_and_Lombardy" title="Sacri Monti of Piedmont and Lombardy"><i>Sacri Monti</i> of Piedmont and Lombardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_delle_Grazie_(Milan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Maria delle Grazie (Milan)">Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vineyard_Landscape_of_Piedmont:_Langhe-Roero_and_Monferrato" title="Vineyard Landscape of Piedmont: Langhe-Roero and Monferrato">Vineyard Landscape of Piedmont</a>: <a href="/wiki/Langhe" title="Langhe">Langhe</a>-<a href="/wiki/Roero" title="Roero">Roero</a> and <a href="/wiki/Montferrat" title="Montferrat">Monferrato</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Italy" title="Northeast Italy">Northeast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquileia" title="Aquileia">Aquileia</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Dolomites" title="Dolomites">Dolomites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrara" title="Ferrara">Ferrara</a></li> <li>Le Colline del <a href="/wiki/Prosecco" title="Prosecco">Prosecco</a> di <a href="/wiki/Conegliano" title="Conegliano">Conegliano</a> e <a href="/wiki/Valdobbiadene" title="Valdobbiadene">Valdobbiadene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modena_Cathedral" title="Modena Cathedral">Modena Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torre_della_Ghirlandina" title="Torre della Ghirlandina">Torre della Ghirlandina</a> and <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Main_sights">Piazza Grande, Modena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orto_botanico_di_Padova" title="Orto botanico di Padova">Orto botanico di Padova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padua%27s_fourteenth-century_fresco_cycles" title="Padua's fourteenth-century fresco cycles">Padua's fourteenth-century fresco cycles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porticoes_of_Bologna" title="Porticoes of Bologna">Porticoes of Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravenna#Main_sights" title="Ravenna">Ravenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verona" title="Verona">Verona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Vicenza_and_the_Palladian_Villas_of_the_Veneto" title="City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto">City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Italy" title="Central Italy">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assisi" title="Assisi">Assisi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint_Francis_of_Assisi" title="Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi">Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi</a></li> <li>Etruscan Necropolises of <a href="/wiki/Cerveteri" title="Cerveteri">Cerveteri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tarquinia" title="Tarquinia">Tarquinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Spa_Towns_of_Europe" title="Great Spa Towns of Europe">Great Spa Towns of Europe - Montecatini Terme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Centre_of_Florence" title="Historic Centre of Florence">Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrian%27s_Villa" title="Hadrian's Villa">Hadrian's Villa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medici_villas" title="Medici villas">Medici villas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piazza_dei_Miracoli" title="Piazza dei Miracoli">Piazza del Duomo, Pisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pienza" title="Pienza">Pienza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Gimignano" title="San Gimignano">San Gimignano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siena" title="Siena">Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbino" title="Urbino">Urbino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val_d%27Orcia" title="Val d'Orcia">Val d'Orcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_d%27Este" title="Villa d'Este">Villa d'Este</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Italy" title="South Italy">South</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alberobello" title="Alberobello">Alberobello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amalfi_Coast" title="Amalfi Coast">Amalfi Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appian_Way" title="Appian Way">Appian Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castel_del_Monte,_Apulia" title="Castel del Monte, Apulia">Castel del Monte, Apulia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parco_Nazionale_del_Cilento,_Vallo_di_Diano_e_Alburni" title="Parco Nazionale del Cilento, Vallo di Diano e Alburni">Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paestum" title="Paestum">Paestum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Velia" title="Velia">Velia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Certosa_di_Padula" title="Certosa di Padula">Certosa di Padula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herculaneum" title="Herculaneum">Herculaneum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oplontis" title="Oplontis">Oplontis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Villa_Poppaea" title="Villa Poppaea">Villa Poppaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Centre_of_Naples" title="Historic Centre of Naples">Historic Centre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Palace_of_Caserta" title="Royal Palace of Caserta">Royal Palace of Caserta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aqueduct_of_Vanvitelli" title="Aqueduct of Vanvitelli">Aqueduct of Vanvitelli</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_Leucio" title="San Leucio">San Leucio Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassi_di_Matera" title="Sassi di Matera">Sassi di Matera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Insular_Italy" title="Insular Italy">Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeolian_Islands" title="Aeolian Islands">Aeolian Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab-Norman_Palermo_and_the_Cathedral_Churches_of_Cefal%C3%B9_and_Monreale" title="Arab-Norman Palermo and the Cathedral Churches of Cefalù and Monreale">Arab-Norman Palermo and the Cathedral Churches of Cefalù and Monreale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valle_dei_Templi" title="Valle dei Templi">Archaeological Area of Agrigento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Su_Nuraxi_(Barumini)" title="Su Nuraxi (Barumini)">Barumini nuraghes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Etna" title="Mount Etna">Mount Etna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily" title="Syracuse, Sicily">Syracuse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Necropolis_of_Pantalica" title="Necropolis of Pantalica">Necropolis of Pantalica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val_di_Noto" title="Val di Noto">Val di Noto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Romana_del_Casale" title="Villa Romana del Casale">Villa Romana del Casale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Countrywide</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Longobards_in_Italy,_Places_of_Power_(568%E2%80%93774_A.D.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Longobards in Italy, Places of Power (568–774 A.D.)">Longobards in Italy, Places of Power (568–774 A.D.)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia">Brescia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cividale_del_Friuli" title="Cividale del Friuli">Cividale del Friuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castelseprio_(archaeological_park)" title="Castelseprio (archaeological park)">Castelseprio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spoleto" title="Spoleto">Spoleto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Clitumnus" title="Temple of Clitumnus">Temple of Clitumnus</a> located at <a href="/wiki/Campello_sul_Clitunno" title="Campello sul Clitunno">Campello sul Clitunno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Sofia,_Benevento" title="Santa Sofia, Benevento">Santa Sofia</a> located at <a href="/wiki/Benevento" title="Benevento">Benevento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_of_Monte_Sant%27Angelo" title="Sanctuary of Monte Sant'Angelo">Sanctuary of Monte Sant'Angelo</a> located at <a href="/wiki/Monte_Sant%27Angelo" title="Monte Sant'Angelo">Monte Sant'Angelo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_pile_dwellings_around_the_Alps" title="Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps">Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps</a><sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_and_Primeval_Beech_Forests_of_the_Carpathians_and_Other_Regions_of_Europe" title="Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe">Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe</a><sup>4</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_Works_of_Defence_between_15th_and_17th_centuries:_Stato_da_Terra_%E2%80%93_western_Stato_da_Mar" class="mw-redirect" title="Venetian Works of Defence between 15th and 17th centuries: Stato da Terra – western Stato da Mar">Venetian Works of Defence between 15th and 17th centuries</a><sup>5</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bergamo" title="Bergamo">Bergamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmanova" title="Palmanova">Palmanova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peschiera_del_Garda" title="Peschiera del Garda">Peschiera del Garda</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> with <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><sup><small>2</small></sup> with the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a></li> <li><sup><small>3</small></sup> with <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><sup><small>4</small></sup> with 17 other countries</li> <li><sup><small>5</small></sup> with <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Emilia-Romagna_·_Comuni_of_the_Province_of_Modena" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Province_of_Modena" title="Template:Province of Modena"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Province_of_Modena" title="Template talk:Province of Modena"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Province_of_Modena" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Province of Modena"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Emilia-Romagna_·_Comuni_of_the_Province_of_Modena" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Emilia-Romagna" title="Emilia-Romagna">Emilia-Romagna</a> · <i><a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">Comuni</a></i> of the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Modena" title="Province of Modena">Province of Modena</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bastiglia" title="Bastiglia">Bastiglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomporto" title="Bomporto">Bomporto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campogalliano" title="Campogalliano">Campogalliano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camposanto" title="Camposanto">Camposanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpi,_Emilia-Romagna" title="Carpi, Emilia-Romagna">Carpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castelfranco_Emilia" title="Castelfranco Emilia">Castelfranco Emilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castelnuovo_Rangone" title="Castelnuovo Rangone">Castelnuovo Rangone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castelvetro_di_Modena" title="Castelvetro di Modena">Castelvetro di Modena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavezzo" title="Cavezzo">Cavezzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concordia_sulla_Secchia" title="Concordia sulla Secchia">Concordia sulla Secchia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanano" title="Fanano">Fanano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finale_Emilia" title="Finale Emilia">Finale Emilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiorano_Modenese" title="Fiorano Modenese">Fiorano Modenese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiumalbo" title="Fiumalbo">Fiumalbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formigine" title="Formigine">Formigine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frassinoro" title="Frassinoro">Frassinoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiglia" title="Guiglia">Guiglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lama_Mocogno" title="Lama Mocogno">Lama Mocogno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maranello" title="Maranello">Maranello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marano_sul_Panaro" title="Marano sul Panaro">Marano sul Panaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medolla" title="Medolla">Medolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirandola" title="Mirandola">Mirandola</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Modena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montecreto" title="Montecreto">Montecreto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montefiorino" title="Montefiorino">Montefiorino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montese" title="Montese">Montese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonantola" title="Nonantola">Nonantola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novi_di_Modena" title="Novi di Modena">Novi di Modena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palagano" title="Palagano">Palagano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavullo_nel_Frignano" title="Pavullo nel Frignano">Pavullo nel Frignano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pievepelago" title="Pievepelago">Pievepelago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polinago" title="Polinago">Polinago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prignano_sulla_Secchia" title="Prignano sulla Secchia">Prignano sulla Secchia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravarino" title="Ravarino">Ravarino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riolunato" title="Riolunato">Riolunato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Cesario_sul_Panaro" title="San Cesario sul Panaro">San Cesario sul Panaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Felice_sul_Panaro" title="San Felice sul Panaro">San Felice sul Panaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Possidonio" title="San Possidonio">San Possidonio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Prospero" title="San Prospero">San Prospero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassuolo" title="Sassuolo">Sassuolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savignano_sul_Panaro" title="Savignano sul Panaro">Savignano sul Panaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandiano" title="Scandiano">Scandiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serramazzoni" title="Serramazzoni">Serramazzoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sestola" title="Sestola">Sestola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soliera" title="Soliera">Soliera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spilamberto" title="Spilamberto">Spilamberto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vignola" title="Vignola">Vignola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zocca" title="Zocca">Zocca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_in_Italy_by_population" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_in_Italy" title="Template:Cities in Italy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_in_Italy" title="Template talk:Cities in Italy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_in_Italy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities in Italy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_in_Italy_by_population" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Italy" title="List of cities in Italy">Cities in Italy</a> by population</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1,000,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">500,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bari" title="Bari">Bari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catania" title="Catania">Catania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messina" title="Messina">Messina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padua" title="Padua">Padua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verona" title="Verona">Verona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancona" title="Ancona">Ancona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andria" title="Andria">Andria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arezzo" title="Arezzo">Arezzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergamo" title="Bergamo">Bergamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolzano" title="Bolzano">Bolzano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia">Brescia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrara" title="Ferrara">Ferrara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foggia" title="Foggia">Foggia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forl%C3%AC" title="Forlì">Forlì</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giugliano_in_Campania" title="Giugliano in Campania">Giugliano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latina,_Lazio" title="Latina, Lazio">Latina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livorno" title="Livorno">Livorno</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Modena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monza" title="Monza">Monza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novara" title="Novara">Novara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parma" title="Parma">Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia">Perugia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pescara" title="Pescara">Pescara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piacenza" title="Piacenza">Piacenza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prato" title="Prato">Prato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravenna" title="Ravenna">Ravenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggio_Calabria" title="Reggio Calabria">Reggio Calabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggio_Emilia" title="Reggio Emilia">Reggio Emilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimini" title="Rimini">Rimini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salerno" title="Salerno">Salerno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassari" title="Sassari">Sassari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily" title="Syracuse, Sicily">Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taranto" title="Taranto">Taranto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terni" title="Terni">Terni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trento" title="Trento">Trento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udine" title="Udine">Udine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicenza" title="Vicenza">Vicenza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q279#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q279#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q279#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121569640">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/130110243">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1205925/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkdhdFJ86PKRPHYX87yh3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4115170-7">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79084709">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11948652h">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11948652h">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Modena (Itálie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge293100&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX455798">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=261846">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/33930">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007548075505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/86c04648-2c5c-4c33-87d9-8a2384c0d05c">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA04333402?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02639278X">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045055">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Modena&oldid=1257609441">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Modena&oldid=1257609441</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_and_towns_in_Emilia-Romagna" title="Category:Cities and towns in Emilia-Romagna">Cities and towns in Emilia-Romagna</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Municipalities_of_the_Province_of_Modena" title="Category:Municipalities of the Province of Modena">Municipalities of the Province of Modena</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Modena" title="Category:Modena">Modena</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Italy" title="Category:World Heritage Sites in Italy">World Heritage Sites in Italy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Villanovan_culture" title="Category:Villanovan culture">Villanovan culture</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Phonos_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Phonos extension">Pages using the Phonos extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Italian-language_sources_(it)" title="Category:CS1 Italian-language sources (it)">CS1 Italian-language sources (it)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1911_Encyclopaedia_Britannica_with_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_December_2021" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from December 2021">Articles needing additional references from December 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_November_2019" title="Category:Use dmy dates from November 2019">Use dmy dates from November 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Emilian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Emilian-language text">Articles containing Emilian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Italian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Italian-language text">Articles containing Italian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Official_website_different_in_Wikidata_and_Wikipedia" title="Category:Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia">Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_settlement_with_image_map1_but_not_image_map" title="Category:Pages using infobox settlement with image map1 but not image map">Pages using infobox settlement with image map1 but not image map</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Italian_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Italian IPA">Pages with Italian IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_including_recorded_pronunciations" title="Category:Pages including recorded pronunciations">Pages including recorded pronunciations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Emilian_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Emilian IPA">Pages with Emilian IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Etruscan-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Etruscan-language text">Articles containing Etruscan-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2019" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2019">Articles with unsourced statements from July 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_May_2023" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from May 2023">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from May 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_pages_needing_factual_verification" title="Category:All pages needing factual verification">All pages needing factual verification</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_factual_verification_from_May_2023" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from May 2023">Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from May 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references" title="Category:All articles lacking reliable references">All articles lacking reliable references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_May_2023" title="Category:Articles lacking reliable references from May 2023">Articles lacking reliable references from May 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2006" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2006">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2006</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_hidden_wikidata" title="Category:Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata">Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_default_search" title="Category:Pages using Sister project links with default search">Pages using Sister project links with default search</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Kartographer_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Kartographer extension">Pages using the Kartographer extension</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 15 November 2024, at 20:42<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Modena&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-57488d5c7d-wwrt2","wgBackendResponseTime":166,"wgKartographerLiveData":{"_057eddf9421592d6a18ed1fbeac82fc1ce23939b":[{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoshape?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q279","properties":{"title":"Modena","fill-opacity":0.5,"stroke":"#FF0000","stroke-width":3,"fill":"#606060"}},{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoline?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q279","properties":{"stroke-width":5,"stroke":"#FF0000","title":"Modena"}}]},"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.246","walltime":"1.577","ppvisitednodes":{"value":11540,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":210439,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":29341,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":30,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":33,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":120693,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1339.190 1 -total"," 43.79% 586.449 1 Template:Infobox_Italian_comune"," 43.00% 575.812 1 Template:Infobox_settlement"," 34.55% 462.733 2 Template:Infobox"," 11.57% 154.996 4 Template:Wikidata"," 10.37% 138.828 32 Template:Main_other"," 9.55% 127.941 1 Template:Reflist"," 6.94% 92.943 3 Template:Lang"," 5.21% 69.809 3 Template:Navbox"," 5.15% 69.023 1 Template:More_citations"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.719","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":21948807,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-57488d5c7d-wgph5","timestamp":"20241128015444","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Modena","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Modena","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q279","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q279","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-07-17T00:06:28Z","dateModified":"2024-11-15T20:42:57Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/8d\/Modena_Motor_Valley_Fest.jpg","headline":"Italian city and municipality"}</script> </body> </html>