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class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb" class=""><span>Doner</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Pineal%C3%B8ye" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk" class=""><span>Opprett konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Pineal%C3%B8ye" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke 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mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logg inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettsted"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innhold" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Pinealøye_blant_virveldyr" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pinealøye_blant_virveldyr"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Pinealøye blant virveldyr</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pinealøye_blant_virveldyr-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pinealøyets_funksjon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pinealøyets_funksjon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Pinealøyets funksjon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pinealøyets_funksjon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pinealøye</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 19 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="عين جدارية – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عين جدارية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%96" title="প্যারিটাল চোখ – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্যারিটাল চোখ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ull_parietal" title="Ull parietal – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ull parietal" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pariet%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_oko" title="Parietální oko – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Parietální oko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheitelauge" title="Scheitelauge – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Scheitelauge" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parietal_eye" title="Parietal eye – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Parietal eye" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ojo_parietal" title="Ojo parietal – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ojo parietal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%B4%D9%85_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85" title="چشم سوم – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چشم سوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troisi%C3%A8me_%C5%93il_(biologie)" title="Troisième œil (biologie) – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Troisième œil (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occhio_parietale" title="Occhio parietale – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Occhio parietale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%93%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%93" title="עין הקודקוד – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עין הקודקוד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fejtet%C5%91i_szem" title="Fejtetői szem – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fejtetői szem" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derde_oog" title="Derde oog – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Derde oog" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oko_ciemieniowe" title="Oko ciemieniowe – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Oko ciemieniowe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olho_parietal" title="Olho parietal – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Olho parietal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Теменной глаз – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Теменной глаз" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parietal_eye" title="Parietal eye – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Parietal eye" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paryetal_g%C3%B6z" title="Paryetal göz – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Paryetal göz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A2%85%E9%A1%B6%E7%9C%BC" title="颅顶眼 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="颅顶眼" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q997891#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pineal%C3%B8ye" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskusjon:Pineal%C3%B8ye&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskusjon om innholdssiden (ikke skrevet ennå) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Bytt språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">norsk bokmål</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pineal%C3%B8ye"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pineal%C3%B8ye&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pineal%C3%B8ye&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pineal%C3%B8ye&action=history" title="Tidligere sideversjoner av denne siden [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktøy" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktøy</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere alternativer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlinger </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pineal%C3%B8ye"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pineal%C3%B8ye&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pineal%C3%B8ye&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pineal%C3%B8ye&action=history"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generelt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Lenker_hit/Pineal%C3%B8ye" title="Liste over alle wikisider som lenker hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lenker hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Relaterte_endringer/Pineal%C3%B8ye" rel="nofollow" title="Siste endringer i sider som blir lenket fra denne siden [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterte endringer</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=no" title="Last opp filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Last opp fil</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Spesialsider" title="Liste over alle spesialsider [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesialsider</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pineal%C3%B8ye&oldid=23151857" title="Permanent lenke til denne versjonen av siden"><span>Permanent lenke</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pineal%C3%B8ye&action=info" title="Mer informasjon om denne siden"><span>Sideinformasjon</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siteringshjelp&page=Pineal%C3%B8ye&id=23151857&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasjon om hvordan denne siden kan siteres"><span>Siter denne siden</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPineal%25C3%25B8ye"><span>Hent forkortet URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPineal%25C3%25B8ye"><span>Last ned QR-kode</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut / eksporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Pineal%C3%B8ye&action=show-download-screen"><span>Last ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pineal%C3%B8ye&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsvennlig versjon av denne siden [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsvennlig versjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andre prosjekter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Third_eye_in_Vertebrata" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q997891" title="Lenke til koblet dataregisterelement [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-element</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Anolis_carolinensis_parietal_eye.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Anolis_carolinensis_parietal_eye.JPG/250px-Anolis_carolinensis_parietal_eye.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Anolis_carolinensis_parietal_eye.JPG/375px-Anolis_carolinensis_parietal_eye.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Anolis_carolinensis_parietal_eye.JPG/500px-Anolis_carolinensis_parietal_eye.JPG 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="581" /></a><figcaption>Pinealøye hos <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anolis_carolinensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anolis carolinensis (ikke skrevet ennå)">Anolis carolinensis</a></i> kan sees som en liten, grå flekk midt på hodet bak øynene</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Frog_parietal_eye.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Frog_parietal_eye.JPG/250px-Frog_parietal_eye.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Frog_parietal_eye.JPG/375px-Frog_parietal_eye.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Frog_parietal_eye.JPG/500px-Frog_parietal_eye.JPG 2x" data-file-width="991" data-file-height="660" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Rana_catesbeiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Rana catesbeiana">Rana catesbeiana</a></i> </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Acanthostega.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Acanthostega.JPG/250px-Acanthostega.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Acanthostega.JPG/375px-Acanthostega.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Acanthostega.JPG/500px-Acanthostega.JPG 2x" data-file-width="821" data-file-height="456" /></a><figcaption>Hodeskallen til <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acanthostega&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acanthostega (ikke skrevet ennå)">Acanthostega</a></i>, den første kjente <a href="/wiki/Tetrapoder" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetrapoder">landvirveldyret</a> har en tydelig åpning til pinealøye.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Elginia_mirabilis_skull_1893.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Elginia_mirabilis_skull_1893.png/250px-Elginia_mirabilis_skull_1893.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Elginia_mirabilis_skull_1893.png/375px-Elginia_mirabilis_skull_1893.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Elginia_mirabilis_skull_1893.png/500px-Elginia_mirabilis_skull_1893.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Hodeskallen til <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elginia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elginia (ikke skrevet ennå)">Elginia</a></i>, et <a href="/wiki/Urreptiler" title="Urreptiler">urreptil</a>. Pannen har en øyeåpning.</figcaption></figure> <p>Et <b>pinealøye</b> eller <b>parietaløye</b> er et enkelt øye hos <a href="/wiki/Virveldyr" title="Virveldyr">virveldyr</a> som sitter oppe på skalletaket, mellom <a href="/wiki/Issebein" title="Issebein">issebeina</a> (<i>Os parietaleae</i>, derav navnet «parietaløye»). Åpningen til parietaløyet kalles <i><b>foramen parietale</b></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pinealøye_blant_virveldyr"><span id="Pineal.C3.B8ye_blant_virveldyr"></span>Pinealøye blant virveldyr</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pineal%C3%B8ye&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Pinealøye blant virveldyr" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pineal%C3%B8ye&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Pinealøye blant virveldyr"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hos de første virveldyrene ser det ut til at et slikt pinealøye har vært vanlig. Vi finner det i dag bare hos en del reptiler, særlig hos <a href="/wiki/Bro%C3%B8gler" title="Broøgler">broøgler</a>, og hos <a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%B8ye" class="mw-redirect" title="Niøye">niøyer</a>. Hos øvrige virveldyr er øyet dekket av <a href="/wiki/Skalletaket" class="mw-redirect" title="Skalletaket">skalletaket</a> (hos dem som har), og sitter som en liten <a href="/wiki/Kjertel" title="Kjertel">kjertel</a> nede mellom hjernehalvdelene: <a href="/wiki/Konglekjertel" title="Konglekjertel">Konglekjertelen</a>. Selv om et ytre øye ikke er vanlig hos moderne virveldyr, har hodeskallen til <a href="/wiki/Kj%C3%B8ttfinnefisker" title="Kjøttfinnefisker">kjøttfinnefisk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panserpadder" title="Panserpadder">panserpadder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urreptiler" title="Urreptiler">urreptiler</a> og <a href="/wiki/Pattedyrliknende_krypdyr" title="Pattedyrliknende krypdyr">pattedyrliknende krypdyr</a> tydelige og ofte velutviklede åpninger i skalletaket for et ytre pinealøye. Fugler og <a href="/wiki/Skjellkrypdyr" title="Skjellkrypdyr">skjellkrypdyr</a> mangler åpning for pinealøyet, men har så tynn hodeskalle at lys slipper gjennom skalletaket til pinealkjertlen <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pinealøyets_funksjon"><span id="Pineal.C3.B8yets_funksjon"></span>Pinealøyets funksjon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pineal%C3%B8ye&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Pinealøyets funksjon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pineal%C3%B8ye&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Pinealøyets funksjon"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pinealøyet har utviklet seg fra et par med øyne på toppen av hodet hos <a href="/wiki/Paleozoicum" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleozoicum">urtidens</a> bunnlevende panserfisk (<a href="/wiki/Placodermer" class="mw-redirect" title="Placodermer">placodermer</a> og <a href="/wiki/Ostracodermer" title="Ostracodermer">ostracodermer</a>) <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Disse trege fiskene kan ha hatt behov for å bli varslet om farer ovenfra. For mer aktive virveldyr som etterhvert dukket opp og etablerte seg som toppredatorer, kan øyet ha mistet denne funksjon og i stedet bare registrert lys/mørke. </p><p>Hos de fleste dyr setter lys i gang en kjedereaksjon av <a href="/wiki/Enzym" title="Enzym">enzymer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hormon" title="Hormon">hormoner</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neuroreseptor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neuroreseptor (ikke skrevet ennå)">neuroreseptorer</a> som regulerer blant annet dyrets søvnsyklus. Det er mulig at pinealøyet har vært del av dette systemet. Hos de nålevende broøglene som fortsatt har pinealøye, virker signaler fra dette på dyrets <a href="/wiki/D%C3%B8gnrytme" title="Døgnrytme">døgnrytmer</a>. Signaler fra pinealøyet er også med på å styre reguleringen av kroppsvarme hos <a href="/wiki/Kaldblodig" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaldblodig">kaldblodige</a> dyr. Hos <a href="/wiki/Pattedyr" title="Pattedyr">pattedyrenes</a> umiddelbare forfedre forsvant pinealøyet, og pattedyr mangler åpning for pinealøyet i hodeskallen.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Øyets indre strukturer eksisterer imidlertid. Denne har en funksjon i regulering av døgnrytmene og får informasjon om lys/mørke fra <a href="/w/index.php?title=Melanopsin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melanopsin (ikke skrevet ennå)">melanopsinholdige</a> <a href="/wiki/Gangliecelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Gangliecelle">ganglieceller</a> i <a href="/wiki/Netthinne" title="Netthinne">netthinnen</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pineal%C3%B8ye&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pineal%C3%B8ye&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Fejer, Z. & al. (1997): Immunoreactive pinopsin in pineal and retinal photoreceptors of various vertebrates. Acta Biologica Hungaria 48(4): s 463-71</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Solessio E & G.A. Engbretson (1993): Antagonistic chromatic mechanisms in photoreceptors of the parietal eye of lizards. <i>Nature</i> 29;364(6436), s 442-445.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Concha, M.L & S.W.Wilson (2001): Asymetry in the epithalamus of vertebrates. <i>Jorunal of Anatomi 199: s 63-84. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.ucl.ac.uk/zebrafish-group/publications/Concha2001.pdf">[1]</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Harris. S. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/what-our-ancestors-third-eye-reveals-about-the-evolution-of-mammals-to-warm-blood-68454">«What our ancestors’ third eye reveals about the evolution of mammals to warm blood»</a>. The Conversation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 23. juni 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APineal%C3%B8ye&rft.au=Harris.+S.&rft.btitle=What+our+ancestors%E2%80%99+third+eye+reveals+about+the+evolution+of+mammals+to+warm+blood&rft.date=2016&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+Conversation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fwhat-our-ancestors-third-eye-reveals-about-the-evolution-of-mammals-to-warm-blood-68454&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23230704">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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