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data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-The_SS_is_created" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_SS_is_created"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>The SS is created</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_SS_is_created-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parts_of_the_SS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parts_of_the_SS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Parts of the SS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parts_of_the_SS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_SS_gains_power" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_SS_gains_power"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>The SS gains power</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_SS_gains_power-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Role_in_the_Holocaust" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role_in_the_Holocaust"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Role in the Holocaust</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Role_in_the_Holocaust-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_the_war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_the_war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>After the war</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_the_war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ranks_of_SS_Personel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ranks_of_SS_Personel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ranks of SS Personel</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ranks_of_SS_Personel-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ranks of SS Personel subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ranks_of_SS_Personel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Oberster_Führer_der_Schutzstaffel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oberster_Führer_der_Schutzstaffel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Oberster Führer der Schutzstaffel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oberster_Führer_der_Schutzstaffel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reichsführer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reichsführer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Reichsführer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reichsführer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SS_Generals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SS_Generals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>SS Generals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SS_Generals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SS_Officers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SS_Officers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>SS Officers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SS_Officers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SS_NCOS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SS_NCOS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>SS NCOS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SS_NCOS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Junior_SS_personnel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Junior_SS_personnel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Junior SS personnel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Junior_SS_personnel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_pages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_pages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Related pages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_pages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Schutzstaffel</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 92 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-92" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">92 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Schutzstaffel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Schutzstaffel" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="قوات الأمن الخاصة النازية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قوات الأمن الخاصة النازية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Schutzstaffel" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Schutzstaffel" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BChafiz%C9%99_d%C9%99st%C9%99si" title="Mühafizə dəstəsi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mühafizə dəstəsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="اس اس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اس اس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Schutzstaffel" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2" title="শুটজস্টাফেল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শুটজস্টাফেল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%A1" title="СС – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="СС" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%A1" title="СС – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="СС" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%A1" title="СС – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="СС" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Schutzstaffel" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Schutzstaffel" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Schutzstaffel" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%A1" title="СС – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="СС" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Schutzstaffel" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Schutzstaffel" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Schutzstaffel" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Schutzstaffel" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schutzstaffel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS" title="SS – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="SS" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%84%CF%83%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%86%CF%86%CE%B5%CE%BB" title="Σούτσσταφφελ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σούτσσταφφελ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Schutzstaffel" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Schutzstaffel" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_(organiza%C4%B5o)" title="SS (organizaĵo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="SS (organizaĵo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Schutzstaffel" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="اس‌اس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اس‌اس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Schutzstaffel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Schutzstaffel" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS" title="SS – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="SS" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Schutzstaffel" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Schutzstaffel" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Schutzstaffel" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%88%EC%B8%A0%EC%8A%88%ED%83%80%ED%8E%A0" title="슈츠슈타펠 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="슈츠슈타펠" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%8D_(%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BA%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6)" title="ՍՍ (կազմակերպություն) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="ՍՍ (կազմակերպություն)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Schutzstaffel" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Schutzstaffel" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Schutzstaffel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Schutzstaffel" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS-sveitirnar" title="SS-sveitirnar – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="SS-sveitirnar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Schutzstaffel" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A1_%D7%90%D7%A1" title="אס אס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אס אס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AA%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="შუცშტაფელი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შუცშტაფელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%A1" title="СС – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="СС" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel_-_SS" title="Schutzstaffel - SS – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Schutzstaffel - SS" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Schutzstaffel" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS" title="SS – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="SS" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Schutzstaffel" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS" title="SS – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="SS" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Schutzstaffel" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%86%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Шуцштафел – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Шуцштафел" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%BD" title="ഷുട്സ്റ്റാഫൽ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഷുട്സ്റ്റാഫൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AE%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%87_(%D8%B3.%D8%B3)" title="وحدات النخبه النازيه (س.س) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="وحدات النخبه النازيه (س.س)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="اس‌اس – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اس‌اس" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS" title="SS – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="SS" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%A1" title="СС – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="СС" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Schutzstaffel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A6%AA%E8%A1%9B%E9%9A%8A_(%E3%83%8A%E3%83%81%E3%82%B9)" title="親衛隊 (ナチス) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="親衛隊 (ナチス)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Schutzstaffel" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Schutzstaffel" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Schutzstaffel" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Schutzstaffel" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2" title="ਸ਼ੂਤਜ਼ਤਾਫ਼ਿਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸ਼ੂਤਜ਼ਤਾਫ਼ਿਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%84" title="شوتزشتافل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="شوتزشتافل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Schutzstaffel" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Schutzstaffel" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schotzstaffel" title="Schotzstaffel – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Schotzstaffel" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Schutzstaffel" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%A1" title="СС – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="СС" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Schutzstaffel" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Schutzstaffel" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS" title="SS – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="SS" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Schutzstaffel" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Schutzstaffel" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8E%D8%B3_%D8%A6%DB%8E%D8%B3" title="ئێس ئێس – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئێس ئێس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%86%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Шуцштафел – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Шуцштафел" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Schutzstaffel" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Schutzstaffel" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Schutzstaffel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawal_Schutzstaffel" title="Kawal Schutzstaffel – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kawal Schutzstaffel" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="சுத்ஸ்டாப்பெல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சுத்ஸ்டாப்பெல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9F%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5" title="ชุทซ์ชตัฟเฟิล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชุทซ์ชตัฟเฟิล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Schutzstaffel" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%A1" title="СС – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="СС" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%84" title="شوتزشتافل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شوتزشتافل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Schutzstaffel" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Schutzstaffel" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E7%B2%B9%E4%BA%B2%E5%85%B5" title="纳粹亲兵 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="纳粹亲兵" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A1_%D7%A2%D7%A1" title="עס עס – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="עס עס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%A8%E8%A1%9B%E9%9A%8A" title="黨衛隊 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="黨衛隊" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%9A%E5%8D%AB%E9%98%9F" title="党卫队 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="党卫队" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q44687#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Change links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9689576">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:20em; text-align:left; font-size:90%;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:120%;"><b><i>Schutzstaffel</i> (SS)</b></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg/200px-Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg/300px-Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg/400px-Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><div style="padding:0.3em 0 0.5em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:90%;">The double-<i>Sig Rune</i> SS <a href="/wiki/Flag" title="Flag">flag</a></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.2em; background:transparent; line-height:1.1em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding:0.2em; line-height:1.2em; vertical-align:middle;">November 9, 1925</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.2em; background:transparent; line-height:1.1em;">In</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding:0.2em; line-height:1.2em; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.2em; background:transparent; line-height:1.1em;">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding:0.2em; line-height:1.2em; vertical-align:middle;">1925-1945</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.2em; background:transparent; line-height:1.1em;">Territory</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding:0.2em; line-height:1.2em; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.2em; background:transparent; line-height:1.1em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding:0.2em; line-height:1.2em; vertical-align:middle;">German</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.2em; background:transparent; line-height:1.1em;">Criminal activities</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding:0.2em; line-height:1.2em; vertical-align:middle;">Killed <a href="/wiki/Million" class="mw-redirect" title="Million">millions</a> of people during <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Schutzstaffel</b>, <b>Elite Guard</b> or <b>Protection Squadron</b> ( <span class="unicode haudio"><span class="fn"><span style="white-space:nowrap;margin-right:.25em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Schutzstaffel.ogg" title="About this sound"><img alt="audio speaker icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/De-Schutzstaffel.ogg" class="internal" title="De-Schutzstaffel.ogg"><i><b>Schutzstaffel</b></i> </a></span> <small class="metadata audiolinkinfo" style="cursor:help;">(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" title="Wikipedia:Media help"><span style="cursor:help;">help</span></a>·<a href="/wiki/File:De-Schutzstaffel.ogg" title="File:De-Schutzstaffel.ogg"><span style="cursor:help;">info</span></a>)</small></span> better known as the <b>SS</b> was a large <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/security" class="extiw" title="wikt:security">security</a> and <a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">military</a> <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/organization" class="extiw" title="wikt:organization">organization</a> controlled by the <a href="/wiki/NSDAP" class="mw-redirect" title="NSDAP">National Socialist German Workers Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>. "SS" was sometimes written in <a href="/wiki/Runes" title="Runes">Runic</a> as <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Schutzstaffel_SS.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Runic 'SS'"><img alt="Runic 'SS'" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Schutzstaffel_SS.png/23px-Schutzstaffel_SS.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Schutzstaffel_SS.png/35px-Schutzstaffel_SS.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Schutzstaffel_SS.png/46px-Schutzstaffel_SS.png 2x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="216" /></a></span>, and this <a href="/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol">symbol</a> was put on the SS flag and <a href="/wiki/Insignia" title="Insignia">insignia</a>. It was formed in 1925 in <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Weimar Germany">Weimar Germany</a> or better known as the <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a> . In 1934 the SS became powerful after the execution of the head of the <a href="/wiki/Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">Sturmabteilung</a> (SA) leader <a href="/wiki/Ernst_R%C3%B6hm" title="Ernst Röhm">Ernst Röhm</a> in <a href="/wiki/Night_of_the_Long_Knives" title="Night of the Long Knives">Night of the Long Knives</a> . </p><p>The SS played a major part in <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a>. For example, they ran the Nazi <a href="/wiki/Labour_camp" title="Labour camp">labour camps</a> and <a href="/wiki/Death_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Death camp">death camps</a>, where they killed <a href="/wiki/Holocaust_victims" title="Holocaust victims">millions of people</a>. After <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judge" title="Judge">judges</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Trials" title="Nuremberg Trials">Nuremberg Trials</a> ruled that the SS was an <a href="/wiki/Illegal" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal">illegal</a> <a href="/wiki/Criminal" class="mw-redirect" title="Criminal">criminal</a> organization. The judges also said that the SS was the organization that had done most of the Holocaust. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_SS_is_created">The SS is created</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schutzstaffel&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: The SS is created" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schutzstaffel&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: The SS is created"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The SS was created in the 1925 to guard Nazi leader <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>. (<i>Schutzstaffel</i> means "Protection <a href="/wiki/Squadron" title="Squadron">Squadron</a>" in <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-sshx_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sshx-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup>pp. 26–29</sup> From 1929 to 1945, <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a> led the SS. During that time, the SS grew from a small <a href="/wiki/Paramilitary" title="Paramilitary">paramilitary</a> unit to one of the largest and most powerful <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/organization" class="extiw" title="wikt:organization">organizations</a> in Nazi Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-sshx_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sshx-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup>p. 47</sup> </p><p>The Nazis saw the SS as a special unit, like the <a href="/wiki/Praetorian_Guard" title="Praetorian Guard">Praetorian Guard</a> (which used to guard <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> <a href="/wiki/Emperor" title="Emperor">emperors</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To be chosen for the SS, a person had to be <a href="/wiki/Race_(sociology)" title="Race (sociology)">racially</a> "<a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/pure" class="extiw" title="wikt:pure">pure</a>". This meant they had to prove that all their <a href="/wiki/Ancestor" title="Ancestor">ancestors</a> were "<a href="/wiki/Aryan#Nazism" title="Aryan">Aryan</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also had to be completely <a href="/wiki/Loyalty" title="Loyalty">loyal</a> to the Nazi party. They could never ask questions or disagree with anything the SS did.<sup id="cite_ref-himmler_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-himmler-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parts_of_the_SS">Parts of the SS</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schutzstaffel&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Parts of the SS" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schutzstaffel&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Parts of the SS"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The SS had two different parts. The <i>Allgemeine-SS</i> ("General SS") were the Nazis' <a href="/wiki/Police" title="Police">police</a>. The <i><a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a></i> ("Armed SS") were special <a href="/wiki/Military_unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Military unit">units</a> of <a href="/wiki/Soldier" title="Soldier">soldiers</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Nazi Germany's military</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Waffen-SS became known for fierce fighting and <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/brutality" class="extiw" title="wikt:brutality">brutality</a> against <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/civilian" class="extiw" title="wikt:civilian">civilians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">prisoners of war</a>. Its units helped crush the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Ghetto_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Warsaw Ghetto Uprising">Warsaw Ghetto Uprising</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Poles" title="Poles">Polish</a> <a href="/wiki/Jew" title="Jew">Jews</a> tried to fight back against the Nazis.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Waffen-SS units also killed many American prisoners of war during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bulge" title="Battle of the Bulge">Battle of the Bulge</a> in 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The SS was <a href="/wiki/Militarism" title="Militarism">militaristic</a> but not military. It had its own <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/rank" class="extiw" title="wikt:rank">rank</a> system, <a href="/wiki/Insignia" title="Insignia">insignia</a>, and uniforms. This made the SS different from the German military, the Nazi party, and people who worked in the German <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">government</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_SS_gains_power">The SS gains power</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schutzstaffel&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: The SS gains power" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schutzstaffel&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: The SS gains power"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As the Nazi party gained more and more power in Germany, it gave control of more important jobs (like <a href="/wiki/Police_officer" title="Police officer">law enforcement</a>) to the SS. Many SS organizations became as powerful as parts of the government. The Nazi party decided that to help it keep its power, it needed to give the SS two even more important jobs. One of these was to create and run the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sicherheitsdienst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sicherheitsdienst (not yet started)">Sicherheitsdienst</a> (<i>SD</i>), the Nazi security and <a href="/wiki/Military_intelligence" title="Military intelligence">intelligence</a> service. The other was to control the <a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo"><i>Geheime Staatspolizei</i></a> (<i>Gestapo</i>): the SS <a href="/wiki/Secret_police" title="Secret police">secret police</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because it was in charge of so many important things, the SS could do almost anything it wanted.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Einsatzgruppen_murder_Jews_in_Ivanhorod,_Ukraine,_1942.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Einsatzgruppen_murder_Jews_in_Ivanhorod%2C_Ukraine%2C_1942.jpg/220px-Einsatzgruppen_murder_Jews_in_Ivanhorod%2C_Ukraine%2C_1942.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Einsatzgruppen_murder_Jews_in_Ivanhorod%2C_Ukraine%2C_1942.jpg/330px-Einsatzgruppen_murder_Jews_in_Ivanhorod%2C_Ukraine%2C_1942.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Einsatzgruppen_murder_Jews_in_Ivanhorod%2C_Ukraine%2C_1942.jpg/440px-Einsatzgruppen_murder_Jews_in_Ivanhorod%2C_Ukraine%2C_1942.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2528" data-file-height="1744" /></a><figcaption>The SS <i><a href="/wiki/Einsatzgruppen" title="Einsatzgruppen">Einsatzgruppen</a></i> murdered many civilians, including this woman, who is trying to protect her child with her body just before being shot</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Role_in_the_Holocaust">Role in the Holocaust</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schutzstaffel&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Role in the Holocaust" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schutzstaffel&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Role in the Holocaust"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671799">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a> and <a href="/wiki/Final_Solution" title="Final Solution">Final Solution</a></div> <p>As the SS's leader, <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a> used the SS to put the <a href="/wiki/Final_Solution" title="Final Solution">Final Solution</a> into action.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The SS <a href="/wiki/Einsatzgruppen" title="Einsatzgruppen">Einsatzgruppen</a> <a href="/wiki/Mass_murder" title="Mass murder">murdered many</a> civilians, mostly Jews, in the countries controlled by Nazi Germany during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The SS was in charge of creating and running <a href="/wiki/Labour_camps" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour camps">labour camps</a> and <a href="/wiki/Death_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Death camp">death camps</a> (camps where people were sent to be killed).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In these camps, millions of <a href="/wiki/Prisoner" title="Prisoner">prisoners</a> died from many causes, including murder, <a href="/wiki/Starvation" title="Starvation">starvation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Disease" title="Disease">disease</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hypothermia" title="Hypothermia">freezing to death</a>, and being <a href="/wiki/Experiment" title="Experiment">experimented</a> on by Nazi doctors like <a href="/wiki/Josef_Mengele" title="Josef Mengele">Josef Mengele</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="After_the_war">After the war</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schutzstaffel&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: After the war" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schutzstaffel&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: After the war"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671799"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Trials" title="Nuremberg Trials">Nuremberg Trials</a></div> <p>After the war, the judges at the <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Trials" title="Nuremberg Trials">Nuremberg Trials</a> decided the SS was a criminal organization (a group that was created only to commit <a href="/wiki/Crime" title="Crime">crimes</a>). They ruled that the SS had committed <a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">war crimes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity" title="Crimes against humanity">crimes against humanity</a>. They also said that the SS was the organization that had carried out most of the Holocaust.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ranks_of_SS_Personel">Ranks of SS Personel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schutzstaffel&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Change section: Ranks of SS Personel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schutzstaffel&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Ranks of SS Personel"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oberster_Führer_der_Schutzstaffel"><span id="Oberster_F.C3.BChrer_der_Schutzstaffel"></span>Oberster Führer der Schutzstaffel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schutzstaffel&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Change section: Oberster Führer der Schutzstaffel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schutzstaffel&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Oberster Führer der Schutzstaffel"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table align="center" border="1" cellspacing="0" style="font-size: 90%; border: gray solid 1px; border-collapse: collapse; text-align: middle;"> <tbody><tr> <th bgcolor="#efefef" style="wffffffidth: 15%">Name </th> <th bgcolor="#efefef" style="width: 45%">Position </th> <th bgcolor="#efefef" style="width: 10%">SS Number </th> <th bgcolor="#efefef" style="width: 10%">Year </th> <th bgcolor="#efefef" style="width: 10%">Party Number </th> <th bgcolor="#efefef" style="width: 10%">Remarks </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="6"><center><b>Oberster Führer der Schutzstaffel</b><span class="nowrap">        </span>No Insignia <i>(1934–1945)</i></center> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> </td> <td>Born 20 April 1889; died 30 April 1945 when he was 56. </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1934 </td> <td>555<br />3,680 </td> <td>This Position was held by Hitler alone. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reichsführer"><span id="Reichsf.C3.BChrer"></span>Reichsführer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schutzstaffel&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Change section: Reichsführer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schutzstaffel&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Reichsführer"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="SS_Generals">SS Generals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schutzstaffel&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Change section: SS Generals" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schutzstaffel&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: SS Generals"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Oberst-Gruppenführer (colonel general)</li> <li>Obergruppenführer (general)</li> <li>Gruppenführer (lieutenant general)</li> <li>Brigadeführer (major general)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="SS_Officers">SS Officers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schutzstaffel&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Change section: SS Officers" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schutzstaffel&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: SS Officers"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Oberführer (senior colonel)</li> <li>Standartenführer (colonel)</li> <li>Obersturmbannführer (lieutenant colonel)</li> <li>Sturmbannführer (major)</li> <li>Hauptsturmführer (captain)</li> <li>Obersturmführer (first lieutenant)</li> <li>Untersturmführer (second lieutenant)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="SS_NCOS">SS NCOS</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schutzstaffel&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Change section: SS NCOS" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schutzstaffel&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: SS NCOS"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Sturmscharführer (Regimental sergeant major)</li> <li>Hauptscharführer (sergeant major)</li> <li>Oberscharführer (senior sergeant)</li> <li>Scharführer (sergeant)</li> <li>Unterscharführer (corporal)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Junior_SS_personnel">Junior SS personnel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schutzstaffel&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Change section: Junior SS personnel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schutzstaffel&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Junior SS personnel"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table align="center" border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="font-size: 90%; border: gray solid 1px; border-collapse: collapse; text-align: middle;"> <tbody><tr> <th bgcolor="#efefef" style="width: 15%">Name </th> <th bgcolor="#efefef" style="width: 55%">Position </th> <th bgcolor="#efefef" style="width: 10%">SS number </th> <th bgcolor="#efefef" style="width: 10%">Joined SS </th> <th bgcolor="#efefef" style="width: 10%">Party number </th></tr> <tr> <td>Heinrich Albert </td> <td>Born 29.07.1924.SS Rank Sturmmann. SS-Karstwehr Battalion KIA 19.02.1944 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Barbl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinrich Barbl (not yet started)">Heinrich Barbl</a> </td> <td>Born 3 March 1900.SS rank Rottenführereich. He participated in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_T4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Action T4 (not yet started)">T-4 Euthanasian Program</a> and later in the year <a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Reinhardt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Reinhardt (not yet started)">Operation Reinhardt</a>. He submitted his testimony in Linz on 6 September 1965 at the Austrian Ministry of Internal Affairs. No further details are known of his life and death. </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Martin Bartesch </td> <td>Born 1926. Member of the Prinz Eugen Division of the S.S. from 1943 to 1944; a guard at Mauthausen concentration camp. Ordered Deported from US 29 May 1987. Fled to Austria and died 1989 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Anton Baumann </td> <td>Born 1911. SS Death Head's Battalion guard at Stutthof and Buchenwald concentration camps. Ordered deported from US 17 May 1991 to Germany 1993; never deported due to health. Died 1994 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Beisheim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto Beisheim (not yet started)">Otto Beisheim</a> </td> <td>Born 3 January 1924. SS Rank Sturmmann; served in artillery regiment of SS Division Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler. Died 18 February 2013 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Walter Berezowskyj aka Wolodymyr Berezowskyj </td> <td>Born 1924. SS Death Head's Battalion Guard at Trawniki, Poniatowa, and Gusen concentration camps. Ordered deported from US 15 September 1998. Never deported as no country would accept him; died 2010 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Frederich Karl Berger </td> <td>Born 1926. Nazi Guard at Meppen, a subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp near Hamburg. Denaturalization Trial began 10 May 2019 Memphis Tenn;Ordered Deported to Germany 28 February 2020; appeal denied 17 November 2020. Deported from US to Germany 20 February 2021 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Anton Bless </td> <td>Born 1924. SS-Death's Head Battalion guard at Auschwitz concentration camp. Ordered Deported from US 18 December 1992. Fled to Germany in 1992, where he died in 2004 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Josef_Bl%C3%B6sche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josef Blösche (not yet started)">Josef Blösche</a> </td> <td>Born 12 Feb 1912.SS rank Rottenführer member of SD; involved in the suppression of the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Ghetto_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Warsaw Ghetto Uprising">Warsaw Ghetto Uprising</a>. Executed 29 July 1969 </td> <td>314655 </td> <td> </td> <td>6547348 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ernst Bormann </td> <td>Born 28.09.1924.SS Rank Sturmmann. SS-Karstwehr Battalion KIA 19.02.1944 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hans Johann Breyer aka Johann Breyer </td> <td>Born 1925. member of Waffen SS; also Guard KZ Buchenwald and KZ Auschwitz. Ordered Deported from US May 1992. He died in a hospital in 2014 before his extradition hearing was held </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ildefonsas Bučmys </td> <td>Born 1920. Guard at Majdanek concentration camp. Not deported but gave up US Citizenship; died 2005 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Demjanjuk" title="John Demjanjuk">John Demjanjuk</a> </td> <td>Born 3 April 1920. 1986 tried in Israel on charges of being <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_the_Terrible_(Treblinka_guard)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivan the Terrible (Treblinka guard) (not yet started)">Ivan the Terrible (Treblinka guard)</a> KZ Treblinka; found guilty but verdict overturned on grounds of reasonable doubt; 2001 tried again for being part of personnel at KZ Sobibor; KZ Majdanek; KZ Flossenberg. 2009 deported to Germany-convicted 12 May 2011; died while appealing sentence 17 March 2012 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jacob Frank Denzinger </td> <td>Born 1924. Guard at Mauthausen, St. Georgen, Kraków, and Auschwitz concentration camps Ordered deported from US 27 November 1989. Fled to West Germany in August 1989; living in Croatia as of 2014 and died 2016 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bruno Dey </td> <td>Born 1927. Guard at <a href="/wiki/Stutthof_concentration_camp" title="Stutthof concentration camp">Stutthof concentration camp</a>. Charged in October 2019 of contributing to the killings of 5,230 prisoners at Stutthof camp between 1944 and 1945. He was tried in a juvenile court due to being about 17 at that time. On 23 July 2020,age 93 he was given a two-year suspended sentence by the court in Hamburg. </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erich_Dinges&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erich Dinges (not yet started)">Erich Dinges</a> </td> <td>Born 20.11.1911. SS rank Sturmmann;Assigned to KZ <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Auschwitz">Auschwitz</a>; 22 December 1947 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Auschwitz_Trial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Auschwitz Trial (not yet started)">Auschwitz Trial</a> sentenced to 5 years; died 23.04.1953 </td> <td> </td> <td>1 March 1932 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Andreas Dörfler </td> <td>Born 20.12.1924. SS Rank Sturmmann. SS-Karstwehr Battalion KIA 19.02.1944 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Otto Erich Drews </td> <td>SS rank Rottenführer. 1968 sentenced to Life in prison along with Hauptstrumführer Max Hermann Richard Krahner and Revieroleutnant Otto Hugo Goldapp for being German Overseers of Jewish Sonderkommando 1005 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fedor Fedorenko </td> <td>Born 1907.Guard at Treblinka extermination camp. Ordered deported from US 11 March 1981.Extradited to the Soviet Union, where he was executed 1987 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Anton Geiser </td> <td>Born 1924. SS Death's Head Battalion guard at KZ Sachsenhausen and KZ Buchenwald. Ordered deported from US 29 September 2006. While appealing deporation died 2012 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass">Günter Grass</a> </td> <td>Born 16 Oct 1927. SS rank Sturmmann; served in <a href="/w/index.php?title=10th_SS_Panzer_Division_Frundsberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="10th SS Panzer Division Frundsberg (not yet started)">10th SS Panzer Division Frundsberg</a> from February 1945 until he was wounded on 20 April 1945. Captured May 1945. Author of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tin_Drum" title="The Tin Drum">The Tin Drum</a></i>. Died 13 April 2015 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Stefan Gubanski </td> <td>SS Rank Rottenführer. SS-Karstwehr Battalion KIA 19.02.1944 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jacob Habich </td> <td>Born 1913. SS-Death's Head Battalion guard at KZ Lublin and KZ Auschwitz concentration camps. Ordered Deported from US 14 March 1990; never deported because of health and died 1995 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bronislaw Hadja aka Bruno Hajda </td> <td>Born 1924. Guard at Trawniki concentration camp and Treblinka labor camp; member of SS Battalion Streibel. Ordered deported from US 9 April 1997. Not deported as no country would accept him; died in 2005 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ferdinand Hammer. </td> <td>Born 1921. Alleged SS guard at Auschwitz and Sachsenhausen concentration camps. Ordered Deported from US 22 May 1996; Deported to Austria in 2000, where he died in 2004 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Johann Hansl </td> <td>Born 1925. SS Death's Head Battalion guard at the Sachsenhausen and Natzweiler concentration camps.Ordered Deported from US 8 April 2005; Died in 2007 in Des Moines, Iowa before deportation proceedings could begin. </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Martin Hartmann </td> <td>Born 1919. SS-Death Head's Battalion guard at Sachsenhausen concentration camp. Ordered deported from US September 2007. Agreed to permanently depart the United States for Germany on 31 August 2007, in an agreement with the OSI. Believed to be living in Berlin </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sergis Hutyrczyk </td> <td>Born 1924. Guard at Koldyczewo concentration camp. Ordered deported from US 2 October 1992. While appealing his denaturalization died in 1993 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Joseph,_Prince_of_Hohenzollern-Emden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franz Joseph, Prince of Hohenzollern-Emden (not yet started)">Franz Joseph, Prince of Hohenzollern-Emden</a> </td> <td>Born 30 August 1891. In June 1944 he was released from active service. In November 1944 he was expelled from the SS together with other upper class Nazis whose devotion was becoming suspect in the face of Germany's, by then, near-certain defeat. In a letter to Heinrich Himmler dated 3 January 1945, Franz Joseph proclaimed his continued devotion to the Nazi cause and unsuccessfully begged to be readmitted to the SS. Died 3 April 1964 </td> <td>276 691 </td> <td>1933 </td> <td>3765580 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwik_Kalkstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ludwik Kalkstein (not yet started)">Ludwik Kalkstein</a> </td> <td>b. 13 March 1920, in Warsaw. Ludwik "Hanka" Kalkstein, also known as Ludwik Kalkstein-Stoliński. Joined SS As "Paul Henchel". Died in Munich 26 October 1994 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ludwig Kairys aka Liudvikas Kairys </td> <td>Born 1920. Platoon leader at KZ Treblinka, Ordered deported from US 28 December 1984.Deported to Germany in 1993; Germany suspended its investigation of him in 1999, by which time he had died </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Juris Kauls </td> <td>Born 1912. Deputy chief and inspector of guards at a concentration camp near Riga, Latvia.Ordered Deported from US 8 September 1988. Fled to West Germany in August 1988. Died in Latvia in 2008 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hans Joachim Koch </td> <td>Born 1912. Occupation actor. SS Rank NC0 W/T and Cypher expert with the 7. SS-Freiwilligen-Gebirgsdivision "Prinz Eugen". Postwar part of "Gehlen Organization"of which he was in radio contact East Berlin Revolt, June 1953 under Code Name "Bar" [Bear]. Afterwards captured; tried and executed <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dresden,_Germany&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dresden, Germany (not yet started)">Dresden, Germany</a> June 1955. </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Michael Kolnhofer </td> <td>Born 1918. KZ Guard. In 1996 US Justice Department filed suit to strip him of citizenship; Not denaturalized as he was shot and wounded in Kansas City Kansas after a gunfight with police in which he fired a pistol at reporters and police 31 December 1996; died of injuries March 1997 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hans Krellner </td> <td>Born 29.09.1922 SS Rank Sturmmann. SS-Karstwehr Battalion KIA 19.02.1944 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfried_Krupp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfried Krupp (not yet started)">Alfried Krupp</a> </td> <td>Born 13 August 1907. member of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%B6rderndes_Mitglied_der_SS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Förderndes Mitglied der SS (not yet started)">Förderndes Mitglied der SS</a>. Arms/Steel industrialist/Colonel in <a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Flyers_Corps" title="National Socialist Flyers Corps">National Socialist Flyers Corps (NSFK)</a>. Sentenced to 12 years imprisonment 1948; pardoned by <a href="/wiki/John_J._McCloy" title="John J. McCloy">John J. McCloy</a> in 1951. Died 30 July 1967 </td> <td>None </td> <td>1931 </td> <td>6989627 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wasyl Krysa </td> <td>Born 1925. SS guard at Poniatowa and Gusen concentration camps. Ordered deported from US 5 October 2001. While appealing his denaturalization died in 2004 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Josias Kumpf </td> <td>Born 1925. SS-Death's Head Guard at KZ Sachsenhausen and KZ Trawniki. Ordered deported from US 10 May 2005. Deported to Austria in 2009, where he died later that year. </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Andrew Kuras </td> <td>Born 1922. Guard at Trawniki, Poniatowa, and Dorohucza concentration camps; member of SS-Battalion Striebel. Ordered deported from US 14 April 2004. Never deported from the United States due to his health; died in 2007 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fedor Kwoczak; </td> <td>Born 1921. Guard at Trawniki and Poniatowa concentration camps; participated in liquidation of Warsaw and Białystok ghettos; member of SS-Battalion Streibel.Ordered Deported from US 27 June 2002; while appealing his denaturalization died in 2003 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erwin_Lambert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erwin Lambert (not yet started)">Erwin Lambert</a> </td> <td>Born 7 December 1909, Schildow. SS rank Rottenführer; He supervised construction of the <a href="/wiki/Gas_chambers" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas chambers">gas chambers</a> for the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_T4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Action T4 (not yet started)">Action T4</a> <a href="/wiki/Euthanasia" title="Euthanasia">euthanasia</a> program at <a href="/wiki/Hartheim_Euthanasia_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Hartheim Euthanasia Centre">Hartheim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sonnenstein_Euthanasia_Centre" title="Sonnenstein Euthanasia Centre">Sonnenstein</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernburg_Euthanasia_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernburg Euthanasia Centre (not yet started)">Bernburg</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadamar_Euthanasia_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hadamar Euthanasia Centre (not yet started)">Hadamar</a>, and then at <a href="/wiki/Sobibor_extermination_camp" title="Sobibor extermination camp">Sobibor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Treblinka_extermination_camp" title="Treblinka extermination camp">Treblinka extermination camps</a> during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Reinhard" title="Operation Reinhard">Operation Reinhard</a>. He specialized in building larger gas chambers that killed more people than previous efforts in the extermination program. At the conclusion of Operation Reinhard, Lambert was posted to Trieste, where he continued to participate in genocide by installing cremation facilities at the concentration camp Risiera di San Sabba. After the war, Lambert was arrested on 28 March 1962. At the First Treblinka Trial in 1965, Lambert was tried for the first time and sentenced to four years imprisonment for aiding and abetting the murder of at least 300,000 people. Having already served this time, he was allowed to live as a free man. At the Sobibor Trial in 1966, Lambert was acquitted. At the trials Lambert denied involvement in the killing operation and claimed that he merely suspected that the buildings would be used for killing. Died on 15 October 1976. </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>1.491.565 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Stefan Leili </td> <td>Born 1909. SS-Death's Head guard at Mauthausen concentration camp. Ordered deported from US 30 December 1986. Fled to West Germany in August 1986,where he died in 1995 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Johann Leprich </td> <td>Born 1925. SS Death's Head Battalion guard at Mauthausen concentration camp Ordered deported from US 13 July 1987. Not deported as no country would accept him; died in 2013 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ivan Marchenko </td> <td>Born about 1911. SS Wachmann at Lodz Ghetto and operated gas Chambers at KZ Treblinka. Nicknamed <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_the_Terrible_(Treblinka_guard)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivan the Terrible (Treblinka guard) (not yet started)">Ivan the Terrible (Treblinka guard)</a> in 1944 reported to have deserted the Germans for the partisans in Yugoslavia; alleged last sighting in <a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Fiume, Croatia</a> in 1945; unknown if survived the war. </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hansjörg Maurer </td> <td>Born 20 October 1891. Aka Hans Georg Maurer. Served as Hitlers Strossup SS Bodyguards in 1925. Retired from NSDAP 24 August 1926 after quarrel with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Amann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Max Amann (not yet started)">Max Amann</a>. USed an alias to rejoin NSDAP 31 March 1933-for which he was expelled in 1934. Died 30 December 1959 </td> <td> </td> <td>1925 </td> <td>76<br />1.724.803 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Werner Messinger </td> <td>Born 1925.SS Rank Oberschütze . SS-Karstwehr Battalion KIA 02.03.1944 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Karl Missy </td> <td>Occupation Plumber. Served in SS 1930s. On the outbreak of World War II; he was Lance Corporal in the Luftwaffe. On 3 February 1940 the Heinkel III 1H+FM of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kampfgeschwader_26&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kampfgeschwader 26 (not yet started)">4./KG 26</a> he was part of the crew as an air gunner shot down by RAF Officer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Townsend_(RAF_officer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Townsend (RAF officer) (not yet started)">Peter Townsend</a> {1/3 credit]; Missy was one of two survivors of shot down crew, but his right leg had to be amputated because of war wounds; repatriated October 1943. Postwar was friends with Squadron leader Townsend who mentioned him in postwar biography "Duel of Eagles"; died 1981 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jakiw Palij </td> <td>Nazi Labor Camp Guard. Deported from the US to Germany August 2018. Died 10 January 2019 age 95 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Pleasants&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eric Pleasants (not yet started)">Eric Pleasants</a> </td> <td>Born 17 May 1913. British defector and member of the SS <a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Free_Corps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="British Free Corps (not yet started)">British Free Corps</a> died July 1998 </td> <td>None </td> <td>1940 </td> <td>None </td></tr> <tr> <td>Josef Pospischil </td> <td>Rank SS-Man. Member of SD Section III </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Peter Quintus </td> <td>Born 1915. SS guard at Majdanek concentration camp Ordered deported from US July 1988; Never deported due to his health; died in 1997 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hans Ramsauer </td> <td>SS Rank Jäger. SS-Karstwehr Battalion KIA 19.02.1944 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Stefan Reger </td> <td>Born 1925. service in the SS Death's Head Battalion and at Birkenau. Ordered deported from US 8 September 1988;led to West Germany in 1988, where he died in 2003 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Johann Rehbogen </td> <td>Born 1924. SS Strummann at <a href="/wiki/Stutthof_concentration_camp" title="Stutthof concentration camp">Stutthof concentration camp</a>. At age 94 charged in November 2018 of accessory to murder of prisoners at Stutthof camp. He was tried in a juvenile court due to being under 21 at that time. In February 2019 trial halted for medical reasons </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jakob Reimer </td> <td>Born 1918. Trawniki concentration camp guard. Ordered deported from US 5 September 2002; before he could be deported to Germany died 2005 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Elfriede Lina (Huth) Rinkel </td> <td>Born 1922. KZ Guard. In 2006 deported from US to Germany, died 2018 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wiatscheslaw Rydlinskis </td> <td>Born 1924. Guard and attack dog handler at the Auschwitz concentration camp in Nazi-occupied Poland, the Buchenwald concentration camp in Germany and at Buchenwald's Laura subcamp. Ordered deported 21 July 1995. Fled to Germany in late 1994, where he died in 1997 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dr. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugen_S%C3%A4nger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugen Sänger (not yet started)">Eugen Sänger</a> </td> <td>Born 22.09.1905.SS Rank Mann. Died 10.02.1964 </td> <td> </td> <td>1933 </td> <td>1.303.775 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dmytro Sawchuk </td> <td>Born 1924. Guard at Trawniki concentration camp and Bełżec extermination camp; participated in liquidation of Białystok ghetto; member of SS-Battalion Streibel. Ordered deported from US 23 March 1999; Fled to Germany in 1999, where he renounced his US citizenship and later died in 2004 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nikolaus Schiffer </td> <td>Born 1919. Guard at Sachsenhausen, Hersbruck, Majdanek, and Trawniki concentration camps. Ordered deported from US 25 August 1993.Deported to Romania in 2002, where he later died in 2007 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Michael Schmidt </td> <td>Born 1923. Guard at the Sachsenhausen concentration camp. Ordered deported from US 3 January 1990.Agreed to permanently depart the United States by 31 December 1992 in an agreement with the OSI. Died in Germany in 2008 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gerhard Schneider </td> <td>Born 6.4.1890. Served in World War I and was 1925 bodyguard of Adolf Hitler. Promoted to Oberführer 31 July 1933 as administrative chief over the SD Main Office and the Race and Settlement Office. Brought up on charges by Heinrich Himmler on charges including Suppressing and defrauding service funds; irresponsible dissipation of service funds and damaging the image of the SS by boasting. Found guilty reduced in rank to SS Mann and dismissed 24 July 1934; succeeded in office by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oswald_Pohl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oswald Pohl (not yet started)">Oswald Pohl</a> </td> <td>30941 </td> <td>14 July 1932 </td> <td>916047 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hans Schoger </td> <td>SS Rank Jäger, SS-Karstwehr Battalion KIA 19.02.1944 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Albert_Speer" title="Albert Speer">Albert Speer</a> </td> <td>Born 19 March 1905. Enrolled by order of Heinrich Himmler as a SS Man/member of Personal Staff of the SS Reichsführer. However application never completed (Nazi conspiracy and aggression vol VI pp. 256 3568-PS) becoming <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nolle_prosequi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nolle prosequi (not yet started)">Nolle prosequi</a>. Died 1 September 1981 </td> <td>46104 </td> <td>20.7.1942 </td> <td>474.481 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Theodor Szehinskyj </td> <td>Born 1924. SS Death's Head Battalion guard at Gross-Rosen, Sachsenhausen and Nazi camp in Warsaw concentration camps. ordered deported from US 24 July 2000. Remained in the United States until his death in 2014, as no country was found that would accept him. </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Horst_Tappert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horst Tappert (not yet started)">Horst Tappert</a> </td> <td>Born 26 May 1923. 1943 served with the "SS-Panzergrenadieregiment 1 Totenkopf" Died 13 December 2008 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wilhelm Thellman </td> <td>SS Rank Sturmmann. SS-Karstwehr Battalion KIA 19.02.1944 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Anton Tittjung </td> <td>Born 1924. Guard at Mauthausen concentration camp.Ordered deported from US 14 December 1990.Not deported as no country would accept him; died in 2012 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erich_Topp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erich Topp (not yet started)">Erich Topp</a> </td> <td>Born 2 July 1914. Briefly member of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Allgemeine-SS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allgemeine-SS (not yet started)">Allgemeine-SS</a>; dropped active NSDAP/SS membership after becoming member of armed Forces.Commander of <a href="/w/index.php?title=U-552&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U-552 (not yet started)">U-552</a>. Died 26 December 2005 </td> <td> </td> <td>1934 </td> <td>2621078 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mykola Wasylyk </td> <td>Born 1923. Guard at KZ Trawniki and KZ Budzyn Ordered deported from US JUly 13, 2001.Remained in the U.S. after denaturalization as no other country would accept him. He died in 2010 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ernest Werner </td> <td>Rank SS-Mann. Member of SD-section OST and SD-section III </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Josef Wieland </td> <td>Born 1908. SS-Death's Head guard at Mauthausen concentration camp. Ordered deported from US 19 June 1986. Fled to West Germany in 1986, where he died in 1992. </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Thomas Wippenbeck </td> <td>Born 28 August 1907. SS rank Rottenführer. Assigned to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pawiak_Prison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pawiak Prison (not yet started)">Pawiak Prison</a> Warsaw Prison. Tried with SS Colonel Dr. Ludwig Hahn in 1972/1973-declared guilty of two cases of complicity in committing a homicide but was exonerated. No further details are known of his life and death. </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Joseph Wittje </td> <td>Born 1920. Waffen-SS guard at Sachsenhausen concentration camp. Ordered deported from US 27 August 2004. Before deportation hearings could begin he died 2006 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chester Wojciechowski </td> <td>Born 1920. Guard at the Majdanek concentration camp. Ordered depored from US OCtober 5, 1987. Fled to West Germany, where he died in 2003 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vladas Zajančkauskas </td> <td>Born 1915. Trawniki concentration camp guard who participated in the Nazi operation at the Warsaw Ghetto. 26 January 2005 Ordered deported by an immigration judge; appeal denied by Supreme Court on 18 November 2010. He died 2013 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Johann Ziegler </td> <td>Born in 1907. Was the SS-Death's Head guard at Stutthof, Kauen, and Gotenhafen concentration camps. Ordered deported from US in 1991. Fled to Austria in 1991; died in 1997. </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_pages">Related pages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schutzstaffel&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Change section: Related pages" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schutzstaffel&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Related pages"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust">The Holocaust</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camps" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi concentration camps">Nazi concentration camps</a> and <a href="/wiki/Death_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Death camp">death camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_victims" title="Holocaust victims">Holocaust victims</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Einsatzgruppen" title="Einsatzgruppen">Einsatzgruppen</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schutzstaffel&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schutzstaffel&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-sshx-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-sshx_1-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-sshx_1-1">1.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWeale2010" class="citation book cs1">Weale, Adrian (2010). <i>The SS: A New History</i>. London: Little, Brown. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4087-0304-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4087-0304-5"><bdi>978-1-4087-0304-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+SS%3A+A+New+History&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4087-0304-5&rft.aulast=Weale&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASchutzstaffel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFHöhne2001" class="citation book cs1">Höhne, Heinz (2001). <i>The Order of the Death's Head: The Story of Hitler's SS</i>. New York: Penguin. pp. 136–137. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14139-012-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14139-012-3"><bdi>978-0-14139-012-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Order+of+the+Death%27s+Head%3A+The+Story+of+Hitler%27s+SS&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=136-137&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-14139-012-3&rft.aulast=H%C3%B6hne&rft.aufirst=Heinz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASchutzstaffel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFStackelberg2002" class="citation book cs1">Stackelberg, Roderick (2002). <i>Hitler's Germany: Origins, Interpretations, Legacies</i>. London; New York: Taylor & Francis. p. 122. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-203-00541-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-203-00541-5"><bdi>978-0-203-00541-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+Germany%3A+Origins%2C+Interpretations%2C+Legacies&rft.place=London%3B+New+York&rft.pages=122&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-203-00541-5&rft.aulast=Stackelberg&rft.aufirst=Roderick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASchutzstaffel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-himmler-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-himmler_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFHimmler1936" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Himmler, Heinrich</a> (1936). <i>Die Schutzstaffel als antibolschewistische Kampforganisation</i> (in German). Munich: Franz Eher. p. 134.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Schutzstaffel+als+antibolschewistische+Kampforganisation&rft.place=Munich&rft.pages=134&rft.pub=Franz+Eher&rft.date=1936&rft.aulast=Himmler&rft.aufirst=Heinrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASchutzstaffel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFFlaherty2004" class="citation book cs1">Flaherty, T. H. (2004) [1988]. <i>The Third Reich: The SS</i>. Time-Life. p. 156. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84447-073-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-84447-073-3"><bdi>1-84447-073-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Third+Reich%3A+The+SS&rft.pages=156&rft.pub=Time-Life&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-84447-073-3&rft.aulast=Flaherty&rft.aufirst=T.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASchutzstaffel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFStroop1943" class="citation web cs1">Stroop, Jürgen (1943). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/nowarsaw.html">"The Stroop Report: The Warsaw Ghetto is no more"</a>. <i>Jewish Virtual Library</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Virtual+Library&rft.atitle=The+Stroop+Report%3A+The+Warsaw+Ghetto+is+no+more&rft.date=1943&rft.aulast=Stroop&rft.aufirst=J%C3%BCrgen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2FHolocaust%2Fnowarsaw.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASchutzstaffel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFMurrayMillett2001" class="citation book cs1">Murray, Williamson; Millett, Allan R. (2001). <i>A War To Be Won: Fighting the Second World War</i>. Harvard University Press. p. 468. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-67400-680-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-67400-680-5"><bdi>978-0-67400-680-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+War+To+Be+Won%3A+Fighting+the+Second+World+War&rft.pages=468&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-67400-680-5&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=Williamson&rft.au=Millett%2C+Allan+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASchutzstaffel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFReynolds2003" class="citation journal cs1">Reynolds, Michael (February 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historynet.com/massacre-at-malmedy-during-the-battle-of-the-bulge.htm">"Massacre At Malmédy During the Battle of the Bulge"</a>. <i>World War II Magazine</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+War+II+Magazine&rft.atitle=Massacre+At+Malm%C3%A9dy+During+the+Battle+of+the+Bulge&rft.date=2003-02&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historynet.com%2Fmassacre-at-malmedy-during-the-battle-of-the-bulge.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASchutzstaffel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFLaqueurBaumel2001" class="citation book cs1">Laqueur, Walter; Baumel, Judith Tydor (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/holocaustencyclo00baum"><i>The Holocaust Encyclopedia</i></a>. New Haven; London: Yale University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/holocaustencyclo00baum/page/604">604</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-30008-432-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-30008-432-0"><bdi>978-0-30008-432-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Holocaust+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+Haven%3B+London&rft.pages=604&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-30008-432-0&rft.aulast=Laqueur&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft.au=Baumel%2C+Judith+Tydor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fholocaustencyclo00baum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASchutzstaffel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFLumsden2002" class="citation book cs1">Lumsden, Robin (2002). <i>A Collector's Guide To: The Allgemeine–SS</i>. Shepperton, Surrey: Ian Allan. pp. 80–84. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7110-2905-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7110-2905-9"><bdi>0-7110-2905-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Collector%27s+Guide+To%3A+The+Allgemeine%E2%80%93SS&rft.place=Shepperton%2C+Surrey&rft.pages=80-84&rft.pub=Ian+Allan&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-7110-2905-9&rft.aulast=Lumsden&rft.aufirst=Robin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASchutzstaffel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFDearFoot1995" class="citation book cs1">Dear, Ian; Foot, M.R.D., eds. (1995). <i>The Oxford Guide to World War II</i>. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. p. 815. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19534-096-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19534-096-9"><bdi>978-0-19534-096-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Guide+to+World+War+II&rft.place=Oxford%3B+New+York&rft.pages=815&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-19534-096-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASchutzstaffel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFRummel1992" class="citation book cs1">Rummel, Rudolph (1992). <i>Democide: Nazi Genocide and Mass Murder</i>. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56000-004-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-56000-004-X"><bdi>1-56000-004-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Democide%3A+Nazi+Genocide+and+Mass+Murder&rft.place=New+Brunswick%2C+NJ&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Transaction&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=1-56000-004-X&rft.aulast=Rummel&rft.aufirst=Rudolph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASchutzstaffel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFBessel2006" class="citation book cs1">Bessel, Richard (2006). <i>Nazism and War</i>. New York: Modern Library. pp. 118–119. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-81297-557-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-81297-557-4"><bdi>978-0-81297-557-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nazism+and+War&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=118-119&rft.pub=Modern+Library&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-81297-557-4&rft.aulast=Bessel&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASchutzstaffel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFHilberg1985" class="citation book cs1">Hilberg, Raul (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/destructionofeu00hilb"><i>The Destruction of the European Jews</i></a>. New York: Holmes & Meier. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/destructionofeu00hilb/page/222">222</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8419-0910-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8419-0910-5"><bdi>0-8419-0910-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Destruction+of+the+European+Jews&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=222&rft.pub=Holmes+%26+Meier&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-8419-0910-5&rft.aulast=Hilberg&rft.aufirst=Raul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdestructionofeu00hilb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASchutzstaffel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFOffice_of_the_United_States_Chief_of_Counsel_for_Prosecution_of_Axis_Criminality1946" class="citation book cs1">Office of the United States Chief of Counsel for Prosecution of Axis Criminality (1946). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/naziconspiracyag05unit"><i>Nazi Conspiracy & Aggression</i></a>. Government Printing Office.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nazi+Conspiracy+%26+Aggression&rft.pub=Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1946&rft.au=Office+of+the+United+States+Chief+of+Counsel+for+Prosecution+of+Axis+Criminality&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnaziconspiracyag05unit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASchutzstaffel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFStein1984" class="citation book cs1">Stein, George H. (1984). <i>The Waffen SS: Hitler's Elite Guard at War, 1939–1945</i>. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. pp. 258–263. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8014-9275-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8014-9275-0"><bdi>0-8014-9275-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Waffen+SS%3A+Hitler%27s+Elite+Guard+at+War%2C+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Ithaca%2C+NY&rft.pages=258-263&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-8014-9275-0&rft.aulast=Stein&rft.aufirst=George+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASchutzstaffel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schutzstaffel&oldid=9836977">https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schutzstaffel&oldid=9836977</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1925_establishments_in_Germany" title="Category:1925 establishments in Germany">1925 establishments in Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1945_disestablishments_in_Germany" title="Category:1945 disestablishments in Germany">1945 disestablishments in Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:War_crimes" title="Category:War crimes">War crimes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:SS" title="Category:SS">SS</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nazi_Germany" title="Category:Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_JsonConfig_extension" title="Category:Pages using the JsonConfig extension">Pages using the JsonConfig extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hAudio_microformats" title="Category:Articles with hAudio microformats">Articles with hAudio microformats</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last changed on 20 October 2024, at 01:53.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License">GFDL</a>; additional terms may apply. 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