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<span>Siege</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Siege-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" 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href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%A8ge_de_Trsat" title="Siège de Trsat – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Siège de Trsat" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opsada_Trsata" title="Opsada Trsata – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Opsada Trsata" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assedio_di_Tersatto" title="Assedio di Tersatto – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Assedio di Tersatto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opsada_Trsata" title="Opsada Trsata – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Opsada Trsata" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bel%C3%A4gringen_av_Trsat" title="Belägringen av Trsat – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Belägringen av Trsat" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3440376#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> 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.latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Siege_of_Trsat&params=45.332_N_14.455_E_type:event"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°19′55″N</span> <span class="longitude">14°27′18″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.332°N 14.455°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.332; 14.455</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Part of Frankish campaign against Avars and Slavs</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Siege of Trsat</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of Frankish campaign against Avars and Slavs</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Growth_of_Frankish_Power,_481-814_Edit.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Growth_of_Frankish_Power%2C_481-814_Edit.jpeg/300px-Growth_of_Frankish_Power%2C_481-814_Edit.jpeg" decoding="async" width="300" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Growth_of_Frankish_Power%2C_481-814_Edit.jpeg/450px-Growth_of_Frankish_Power%2C_481-814_Edit.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Growth_of_Frankish_Power%2C_481-814_Edit.jpeg/600px-Growth_of_Frankish_Power%2C_481-814_Edit.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1085" data-file-height="694" /></a></span><br />Map showing growth of Frankish power from 481–814.<br />Location of the battle was near the Frankish–Croatian border</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>Autumn of 799<sup id="cite_ref-Denis_Sinor_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Denis_Sinor-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Siege_of_Trsat&params=45.332_N_14.455_E_type:event"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°19′55″N</span> <span class="longitude">14°27′18″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.332°N 14.455°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.332; 14.455</span></span></span></a></span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Trsat" title="Trsat">Trsat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Rijeka</a>), <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Croatia" title="Duchy of Croatia">Duchy of Croatia</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>)</div><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Siege_of_Trsat&params=45.332_N_14.455_E_type:event"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°19′55″N</span> <span class="longitude">14°27′18″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.332°N 14.455°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.332; 14.455</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Croatian victory<sup id="cite_ref-Stephen_Gaži20_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stephen_Gaži20-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Croats" title="Croats">Croats</a><sup id="cite_ref-Bernhard_Scholz191_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernhard_Scholz191-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-De_Re_Militari_(Organization)77_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-De_Re_Militari_(Organization)77-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pierre_Riché111_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pierre_Riché111-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Citizens of Tarsatica<sup id="cite_ref-Danijel_Dzino183_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Danijel_Dzino183-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Franks</a><sup id="cite_ref-Bernhard_Scholz191_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernhard_Scholz191-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Vi%C5%A1eslav_of_Croatia" title="Višeslav of Croatia">Višeslav of Croatia</a><sup id="cite_ref-Stephen_Gaži20_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stephen_Gaži20-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Eric_of_Friuli" title="Eric of Friuli">Eric of Friuli</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a><sup id="cite_ref-Bernhard_Scholz191_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernhard_Scholz191-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> Unknown</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> Unknown</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> Unknown</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> Unknown—heavy<sup id="cite_ref-Stephen_Gaži20_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stephen_Gaži20-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px dotted #aaa;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tnone"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:252px;border:none"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Croatia_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Siege of Trsat is located in Croatia"><img alt="Siege of Trsat is located in Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Croatia_location_map.svg/250px-Croatia_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Croatia_location_map.svg/375px-Croatia_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Croatia_location_map.svg/500px-Croatia_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1097" data-file-height="1062" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:31.234%;left:19.926%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Siege of Trsat"><img alt="Siege of Trsat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Croatia_location_map.svg" title="File:Croatia location map.svg">class=notpageimage| </a></div>Location of the siege within modern Croatia</div></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>siege of Trsat</b> (<a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>: <i lang="hr">Opsada Trsata</i>) was a battle fought over possession of the town of <a href="/wiki/Trsat" title="Trsat">Trsat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Tarsatica</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Liburnia" title="Liburnia">Liburnia</a>, near the <a href="/wiki/Croats" title="Croats">Croatian</a>–<a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Frankish</a> border.<sup id="cite_ref-Bernhard_Scholz191_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernhard_Scholz191-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The battle was fought in the autumn of 799 between the defending forces of <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Dalmatian_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Principality of Dalmatian Croatia">Dalmatian Croatia</a> under the leadership of Croatian duke <a href="/wiki/Vi%C5%A1eslav_of_Croatia" title="Višeslav of Croatia">Višeslav</a>, and the invading Frankish army of the <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_Empire" title="Carolingian Empire">Carolingian Empire</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Eric_of_Friuli" title="Eric of Friuli">Eric of Friuli</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stephen_Gaži20_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stephen_Gaži20-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The battle was a Croatian victory, and the Frankish commander Eric was killed during the siege.<sup id="cite_ref-Denis_Sinor_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Denis_Sinor-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-De_Re_Militari_(Organization)77_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-De_Re_Militari_(Organization)77-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Igor_Žic_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Igor_Žic-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Frankish invasion of Croatia, the destruction of Tarsatica, the coronation of <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> as <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a>, and negotiations from 802–815 between the Franks and <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantines</a> led to a stalemate. Dalmatian Croatia consequently peacefully accepted a limited Frankish overlordship.<sup id="cite_ref-Danijel_Dzino183_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Danijel_Dzino183-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Trsat&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charlemagne-by-Durer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Charlemagne-by-Durer.jpg/140px-Charlemagne-by-Durer.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Charlemagne-by-Durer.jpg/210px-Charlemagne-by-Durer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Charlemagne-by-Durer.jpg/280px-Charlemagne-by-Durer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="889" /></a><figcaption>Charlemagne, as depicted by <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer" title="Albrecht Dürer">Albrecht Dürer</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Franks" class="mw-redirect" title="King of the Franks">King of the Franks</a> from 768 until his death in 814, expanded the Frankish kingdom into an <a href="/wiki/Frankish_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankish Empire">empire</a> that incorporated much of western and central Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-Bruce_Ross_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bruce_Ross-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He brought the Frankish state face to face with the Slavs to the northeast and the Avars and Slavs to the southeast of the Frankish Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-Bruce_Ross_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bruce_Ross-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Croats lived in <a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Slavs#Principality" class="mw-redirect" title="Pannonian Slavs">Principality of Lower Pannonia</a> and Dalmatian Croatia (Littoral Croatia) to the southeast of the Frankish Empire. Dalmatian Croatia was ruled by <a href="/wiki/Vi%C5%A1eslav_of_Croatia" title="Višeslav of Croatia">Duke Višeslav</a>, one of the first known Croatian dukes.<sup id="cite_ref-JohnVanAntwerpFinep296_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JohnVanAntwerpFinep296-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While fighting the Avars, the Franks called for Slavic-Croatian support.<sup id="cite_ref-Denis_Sinor_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Denis_Sinor-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Croatian Prince <a href="/wiki/Vojnomir" title="Vojnomir">Vojnomir</a> launched a joint <a href="/wiki/Counterattack" title="Counterattack">counterattack</a> with the help of Frankish troops under Charlemagne in 791.<sup id="cite_ref-Francis_Dvornik69_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Francis_Dvornik69-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The offensive was successful and the Avars were driven out of Croatia.<sup id="cite_ref-Francis_Dvornik69_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Francis_Dvornik69-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In return for the help of Charlemagne, Vojnomir was obliged to recognize Frankish sovereignty, convert to <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, and have his territory named Principality of Lower Pannonia.<sup id="cite_ref-Francis_Dvornik69_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Francis_Dvornik69-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Charlemagne again campaigned against the Avars and won a major victory in 796.<sup id="cite_ref-JohnVanAntwerpFinep257_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JohnVanAntwerpFinep257-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prince Vojnomir aided him, and the Franks became overlords of the Croatians of northern Dalmatia, <a href="/wiki/Slavonia" title="Slavonia">Slavonia</a>, and Pannonia.<sup id="cite_ref-JohnVanAntwerpFinep257_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JohnVanAntwerpFinep257-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Franks placed Pannonian Croats under <a href="/wiki/Eric_of_Friuli" title="Eric of Friuli">Eric, the margrave of Friuli</a>, who then tried to extend his rule over the Croatians of Dalmatia.<sup id="cite_ref-JohnVanAntwerpFinep252_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JohnVanAntwerpFinep252-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The conquest of <a href="/wiki/Istria" title="Istria">Istria</a> by the Franks brought the realm of Charlemagne adjacent to Dalmatia.<sup id="cite_ref-J._B._Bury329_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-J._B._Bury329-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalmatia at that time included both Roman cities and a Slavic-Croatian hinterland that was loosely subject to the rule of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-J._B._Bury329_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-J._B._Bury329-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the treaty of 798, the Franks acknowledged Byzantine rights over the Slavs, but in the following years both Croatian <a href="/wiki/Grand_%C5%BDupan" title="Grand Župan">Župans</a> (dukes) and Roman communities recognized an opportunity to win full independence from both Imperial powers.<sup id="cite_ref-J._B._Bury329_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-J._B._Bury329-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the eldest son of <a href="/wiki/Gerold_of_Anglachgau" title="Gerold of Anglachgau">Gerold of Anglachgau</a> and as a high ranking Frankish commander, Eric was titled from 789 to his death the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Friuli" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Friuli">Duke of Friuli</a> (<i>dux Foroiulensis</i>). He was appointed governor of <a href="/wiki/Istria" title="Istria">Istria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friuli" title="Friuli">Friuli</a>, and neighbouring areas by Charlemagne. Eric wanted to extend his dominion by conquering Dalmatian Croatia.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bernhard_Scholz191_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernhard_Scholz191-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JohnVanAntwerpFinep252_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JohnVanAntwerpFinep252-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vjekoslav_Klaić_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vjekoslav_Klaić-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the autumn of 799, Eric marched from Istria along the seacoast of Liburnia towards the town of Trsat, which is today part of the city of <a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Rijeka</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Vjekoslav_Klaić_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vjekoslav_Klaić-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile his opponent, Duke Višeslav, gathered his forces and moved north from his governing center at <a href="/wiki/Nin,_Croatia" title="Nin, Croatia">Nin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stephen_Gaži20_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stephen_Gaži20-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Siege">Siege</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Trsat&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Siege"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Upon arriving at the foot of the settlement, Eric besieged and attacked the city, but was repelled. Led by Duke Višeslav, the inhabitants of Trsat threw spears, shot arrows, and hurled huge stones on the enemy, and managed to kill many of them.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vjekoslav_Klaić_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vjekoslav_Klaić-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eric's forces fled their positions, and were subsequently routed by the forces of Višeslav in an ambush.<sup id="cite_ref-Petar_Tomac304_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Petar_Tomac304-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eric was among those killed, and his death and defeat proved to be a great blow for the Carolingian Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-Bruce_Ross_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bruce_Ross-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vjekoslav_Klaić_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vjekoslav_Klaić-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Einhard_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Einhard-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Aquileia" title="Aquileia">Aquileian</a> <a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarch</a> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Paulinus_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Paulinus II">Saint Paulinus II</a> cursed the land in which the hero was killed, and wrote <i>Carmen de regula fidei</i>, the rhythmus or elegy for his death.<sup id="cite_ref-Vjekoslav_Klaić_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vjekoslav_Klaić-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to contemporary Frankish scholar and courtier <a href="/wiki/Einhard" title="Einhard">Einhard</a>, Eric was killed at Trsat (Tarsatch), a town on the coast of Liburnia, by the treachery of the inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-Einhard_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Einhard-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to a lack of primary materials, it is uncertain who killed Duke Eric. Most of historians point at Croats,<sup id="cite_ref-Pierre_Riché111_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pierre_Riché111-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while some point at Byzantines.<sup id="cite_ref-Nenad_Labus_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nenad_Labus-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Einhard also notes the death of <a href="/wiki/Gerold,_Prefect_of_Bavaria" title="Gerold, Prefect of Bavaria">Gerold, Prefect of Bavaria</a>, another Frankish commander who was slain in Pannonia in the same year.<sup id="cite_ref-Einhard_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Einhard-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Croatian historian Nenad Labus refers to this event as a successful assassination attempt by Avars and Slavs.<sup id="cite_ref-Nenad_Labus_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nenad_Labus-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historian Pierre Riché believes that Dalmatian Croats (<a href="/wiki/Guduscani" title="Guduscani">Guduscani</a>) killed Eric in collusion with Avars.<sup id="cite_ref-Pierre_Riché111_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pierre_Riché111-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Besides the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Frankish_Annals" title="Royal Frankish Annals">Royal Frankish Annals</a> (<i>Annales Regni Francorum</i>), there is another primary source compiled in c. 950, the historical work <i><a href="/wiki/De_administrando_imperio" class="mw-redirect" title="De administrando imperio">De administrando imperio</a></i>, ascribed to <a href="/wiki/Constantine_Porphyrogenitus" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine Porphyrogenitus">Constantine Porphyrogenitus</a>, which refers to Croatian-Frankish relations.<sup id="cite_ref-Constantine_Porphyrogenitus143-145_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Constantine_Porphyrogenitus143-145-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Constantine notes that for a number of years the Croats of Dalmatia were subjects of the Franks, who treated them brutally.<sup id="cite_ref-Constantine_Porphyrogenitus143-145_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Constantine_Porphyrogenitus143-145-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Croats revolted and slew their princes.<sup id="cite_ref-Constantine_Porphyrogenitus143-145_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Constantine_Porphyrogenitus143-145-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an act of revenge, a large army from Francia invaded Croatia.<sup id="cite_ref-Constantine_Porphyrogenitus143-145_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Constantine_Porphyrogenitus143-145-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After seven years of war, the Croats managed to defeat the Franks, killing a large portion of the invading army along with its commander.<sup id="cite_ref-Constantine_Porphyrogenitus143-145_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Constantine_Porphyrogenitus143-145-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Constantine describes a chain of events that are analogous to the siege of Trsat, he does not mention Tarsatica or the exact year of these events.<sup id="cite_ref-Constantine_Porphyrogenitus143-145_21-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Constantine_Porphyrogenitus143-145-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Trsat&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Pax_Nicephori" title="Pax Nicephori">Pax Nicephori</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe,_814.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Europe%2C_814.jpg/300px-Europe%2C_814.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Europe%2C_814.jpg/450px-Europe%2C_814.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Europe%2C_814.jpg/600px-Europe%2C_814.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2280" data-file-height="1812" /></a><figcaption>Map showing imperial boundaries of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_Empire" title="Carolingian Empire">Carolingian Empire</a> in 814, with <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> in the middle</figcaption></figure> <p>In 800, Eric's successor <a href="/wiki/Cadolah_of_Friuli" title="Cadolah of Friuli">Cadolah of Friuli</a> invaded Dalmatian Croatia by the order of Charlemagne, but without considerable military success.<sup id="cite_ref-Vjekoslav_Klaić_16-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vjekoslav_Klaić-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Still, Tarsatica was burned down.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vjekoslav_Klaić_16-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vjekoslav_Klaić-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tarsatica's surviving inhabitants moved to a more protected hill, where they established a new settlement called Trsat.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Višeslav continued to rule over Dalmatian Croatia and warred against the Franks, avoiding defeat upon his death in 802.<sup id="cite_ref-Vjekoslav_Klaić_16-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vjekoslav_Klaić-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Borna_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Borna of Croatia">Borna</a>, who later become a Frankish ally.<sup id="cite_ref-Vjekoslav_Klaić_16-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vjekoslav_Klaić-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bernhard_Scholz106_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernhard_Scholz106-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On Christmas Day in 800, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_III" title="Pope Leo III">Pope Leo III</a> crowned Charlemagne as Imperator Romanorum (<a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Old_Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Saint Peter's Basilica">Saint Peter's Basilica</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-JohnVanAntwerpFinep252_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JohnVanAntwerpFinep252-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vjekoslav_Klaić_16-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vjekoslav_Klaić-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was a direct challenge to Byzantium's claim to be the one—the Roman—empire.<sup id="cite_ref-JohnVanAntwerpFinep252_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JohnVanAntwerpFinep252-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nicephorus_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicephorus I">Nicephorus I</a> of the Byzantine Empire and Charlemagne of the Holy Roman Empire settled their imperial boundaries in 803. Dalmatian Croatia peacefully accepted a limited Frankish overlordship.<sup id="cite_ref-Vjekoslav_Klaić_16-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vjekoslav_Klaić-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The peace of Aache in 812 confirmed Dalmatia, except for the Byzantine cities and islands, as under Frankish domain.<sup id="cite_ref-Danijel_Dzino183_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Danijel_Dzino183-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ljudevit_Posavski" class="mw-redirect" title="Ljudevit Posavski">Ljudevit Posavski</a>, Croatian Duke of Pannonian Croatia, led a resistance to Frankish domination.<sup id="cite_ref-Pierre_Riché158-159_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pierre_Riché158-159-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ljudevit also had to fight against Dalmatian Croatia, as their prince <a href="/wiki/Borna_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Borna of Croatia">Borna</a> was a Frankish ally.<sup id="cite_ref-Bernhard_Scholz106_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernhard_Scholz106-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After unsuccessful resistance by Ljudevit and Pannonian Croats, the Franks again controlled Istria, Dalmatia, and Pannonia.<sup id="cite_ref-Bernhard_Scholz197_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernhard_Scholz197-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, Dalmatian Croatia remained a semi-independent duchy between the two Empires, as they had a right to elect their own prince.<sup id="cite_ref-Bernhard_Scholz197_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernhard_Scholz197-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Trsat&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Croatia" title="Portal:Croatia">Croatia portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Croatian_rulers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Croatian rulers">List of Croatian rulers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Frankish_kings" title="List of Frankish kings">List of Frankish kings</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Trsat&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The city of Tarsatica, where the siege happened, was probably located at the present Old Town in <a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Rijeka</a>, not at Trsat itself, which is found on a hill overlooking Rijeka on the other side of the <a href="/wiki/Rje%C4%8Dina" title="Rječina">Rječina</a> River. Trsat was actually founded by the Tarsatica's surviving inhabitants, a year after the siege. (Croatian Academy of America. <i>Journal of Croatian studies</i> (1986), Vol. 27–30)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to <a href="/wiki/Denis_Sinor" title="Denis Sinor">Denis Sinor</a>, it is possible that Eric set his army to fight the Avars and was attacked by Croats at Trsat. (Sinor (1990), p. 219.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This description of the battle can also be found in primary material from Aquileian Patriarch <a href="/wiki/Saint_Paulinus_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Paulinus II">Saint Paulinus II</a>. In his poem "Versus de Herico duce" he mention throwing spears, arrows, and huge stones upon Eric.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Historians have a disagreement whether Tarsatica was destroyed in 799 or in 800.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to <a href="/wiki/Ferdo_%C5%A0i%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Ferdo Šišić">Ferdo Šišić</a>, Rijeka was founded by the Croats after the destruction of Tarsatica. (Šišić, Ferdo. <i>Abridged Political History of Rieka (Fiume)</i> (1919))</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Trsat&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Trsat&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Bernhard_Scholz191-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bernhard_Scholz191_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bernhard_Scholz191_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bernhard_Scholz191_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bernhard_Scholz191_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bernhard_Scholz191_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Scholz 1970, p. 191</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-De_Re_Militari_(Organization)77-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-De_Re_Militari_(Organization)77_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-De_Re_Militari_(Organization)77_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rogers 2002, p. 77</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pierre_Riché111-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pierre_Riché111_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pierre_Riché111_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pierre_Riché111_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Riché 1993, p. 111</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Danijel_Dzino183-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Danijel_Dzino183_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Danijel_Dzino183_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Danijel_Dzino183_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dzino 2010, p. 183</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Denis_Sinor-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Denis_Sinor_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Denis_Sinor_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Denis_Sinor_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sinor 1990, p. 219</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stephen_Gaži20-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stephen_Gaži20_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stephen_Gaži20_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stephen_Gaži20_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stephen_Gaži20_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stephen_Gaži20_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gaži 1973, p. 20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Igor_Žic-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Igor_Žic_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Žic 2001, p. 18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bruce_Ross-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bruce_Ross_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bruce_Ross_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bruce_Ross_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ross 1945, pp. 212–235</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JohnVanAntwerpFinep296-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JohnVanAntwerpFinep296_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fine 1991, p. 296</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Francis_Dvornik69-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Francis_Dvornik69_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Francis_Dvornik69_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Francis_Dvornik69_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dvornik 1959, p. 69</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JohnVanAntwerpFinep257-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JohnVanAntwerpFinep257_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JohnVanAntwerpFinep257_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fine 1991, p. 257</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JohnVanAntwerpFinep252-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JohnVanAntwerpFinep252_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JohnVanAntwerpFinep252_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JohnVanAntwerpFinep252_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JohnVanAntwerpFinep252_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fine 1991, p. 252</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-J._B._Bury329-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-J._B._Bury329_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-J._B._Bury329_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-J._B._Bury329_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bury 2008, p. 329</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vjekoslav_Klaić-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vjekoslav_Klaić_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vjekoslav_Klaić_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vjekoslav_Klaić_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vjekoslav_Klaić_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vjekoslav_Klaić_16-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vjekoslav_Klaić_16-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vjekoslav_Klaić_16-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vjekoslav_Klaić_16-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vjekoslav_Klaić_16-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vjekoslav_Klaić_16-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vjekoslav_Klaić_16-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Klaić 1985, pp. 63–64</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Petar_Tomac304-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Petar_Tomac304_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tomac 1959, p. 304</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Einhard-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Einhard_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Einhard_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Einhard_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Einhard, Vita Karoli Magni</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nenad_Labus-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nenad_Labus_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nenad_Labus_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Labus 2000, pp. 1–16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Constantine_Porphyrogenitus143-145-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Constantine_Porphyrogenitus143-145_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Constantine_Porphyrogenitus143-145_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Constantine_Porphyrogenitus143-145_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Constantine_Porphyrogenitus143-145_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Constantine_Porphyrogenitus143-145_21-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Constantine_Porphyrogenitus143-145_21-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Constantine Porphyrogenitus, pp. 143–145</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bernhard_Scholz106-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bernhard_Scholz106_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bernhard_Scholz106_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Scholz 1970, p. 106</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pierre_Riché158-159-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pierre_Riché158-159_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Riché 1993, pp. 158–159</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Royal Frankish Annales <a href="/wiki/Annales_Regni_Francorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Annales Regni Francorum">Annales Regni Francorum</a> ed. G. H. Pertz. Monumenta Germanicae Historica, Scriptores rerum Germanicarum 6, (Hannover 1895) for the years 819–822.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bernhard_Scholz197-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bernhard_Scholz197_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bernhard_Scholz197_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Scholz 1970, p. 197</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Trsat&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBury2008" class="citation book cs1">Bury, John Bagnell (2008). <i>History of the Eastern Empire from the Fall of Irene to the Accession of Basil: A.D. 802-867, Dij. 802-867</i>. Cosimo, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789536531318" title="Special:BookSources/9789536531318"><bdi>9789536531318</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Eastern+Empire+from+the+Fall+of+Irene+to+the+Accession+of+Basil%3A+A.D.+802-867%2C+Dij.+802-867&rft.pub=Cosimo%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9789536531318&rft.aulast=Bury&rft.aufirst=John+Bagnell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Trsat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConstantine_Porphyrogenitus1967" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Porphyrogenitus" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine Porphyrogenitus">Constantine Porphyrogenitus</a> (1967). Moravcsik, Gy. 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Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004186460" title="Special:BookSources/9789004186460"><bdi>9789004186460</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Becoming+Slav%2C+Becoming+Croat%3A+Identity+Transformations+in+Post-Roman+and+Early+Medieval+Dalmatia&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9789004186460&rft.aulast=Dzino&rft.aufirst=Danijel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Trsat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEinhard1880" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Einhard" title="Einhard">Einhard</a> (1880). Turner, Samuel Epes (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/einhard.html"><i>The Life of Charlemagne (Vita Karoli Magni)</i></a>. 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Zagreb: Nakladni zavod Matice hrvatske. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788640100519" title="Special:BookSources/9788640100519"><bdi>9788640100519</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Povijest+Hrvata%3A+Knjiga+Prva&rft.place=Zagreb&rft.pub=Nakladni+zavod+Matice+hrvatske&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=9788640100519&rft.aulast=Klai%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Vjekoslav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Trsat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLabus2000" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Labus, Nenad (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hrcak.srce.hr/file/18780">"Tko je ubio vojvodu Erika"</a> [Who was Duke Eric?] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Radovi Zavoda za povijesne znanosti HAZU u Zadru</i> (in Croatian). <b>42</b>. 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New York: Boydell Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780851159096" title="Special:BookSources/9780851159096"><bdi>9780851159096</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+journal+of+medieval+military+history&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Boydell+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780851159096&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Clifford+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0E-LTZ2n_2EC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Trsat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoss1945" class="citation journal cs1">Ross, James Bruce (April 1945). "Two Neglected Paladins of Charlemagne: Erich of Friuli and Gerold of Bavaria". <i><a href="/wiki/Speculum_(journal)" title="Speculum (journal)">Speculum</a></i>. <b>20</b> (2). Cambridge, Massachusetts: <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Academy_of_America" title="Medieval Academy of America">Medieval Academy of America</a>: 212–235. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2854596">10.2307/2854596</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0038-7134">0038-7134</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2854596">2854596</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163300685">163300685</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Speculum&rft.atitle=Two+Neglected+Paladins+of+Charlemagne%3A+Erich+of+Friuli+and+Gerold+of+Bavaria&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=212-235&rft.date=1945-04&rft.issn=0038-7134&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163300685%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2854596%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2854596&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=James+Bruce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Trsat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScholz1970" class="citation book cs1">Scholz, Bernhard Walter (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sTzl6wFjehMC"><i>Carolingian chronicles: Royal Frankish annals and Nithard's Histories</i></a>. University of Michigan Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780472061860" title="Special:BookSources/9780472061860"><bdi>9780472061860</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Carolingian+chronicles%3A+Royal+Frankish+annals+and+Nithard%27s+Histories&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=9780472061860&rft.aulast=Scholz&rft.aufirst=Bernhard+Walter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsTzl6wFjehMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Trsat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinor1990" class="citation book cs1">Sinor, Denis (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ST6TRNuWmHsC&q=The+Cambridge+history+of+early+Inner+Asia"><i>The Cambridge history of early Inner Asia</i></a>. New York: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-24304-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-24304-1"><bdi>0-521-24304-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+history+of+early+Inner+Asia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-521-24304-1&rft.aulast=Sinor&rft.aufirst=Denis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DST6TRNuWmHsC%26q%3DThe%2BCambridge%2Bhistory%2Bof%2Bearly%2BInner%2BAsia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Trsat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomac1959" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Tomac, Petar (1959). <i>Vojna istorija</i> (in Croatian). Belgrade: Vojnoizdavački zavod JNA. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/60039538">60039538</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/21319446">21319446</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vojna+istorija&rft.place=Belgrade&rft.pub=Vojnoizdava%C4%8Dki+zavod+JNA&rft.date=1959&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F21319446&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F60039538&rft.aulast=Tomac&rft.aufirst=Petar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Trsat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŽic2001" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Žic, Igor (2001). <i>Kratka povijest grada Rijeke</i> (in Croatian). Adamić. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789536531318" title="Special:BookSources/9789536531318"><bdi>9789536531318</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kratka+povijest+grada+Rijeke&rft.pub=Adami%C4%87&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9789536531318&rft.aulast=%C5%BDic&rft.aufirst=Igor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Trsat" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Trsat&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in Croatian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.croatia-in-english.com/images/maps/800s.jpg">Map of Littoral Croatian Duchy in early 9th century</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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id="Wars_and_battles_involving_Croatia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Croatia" title="Military history of Croatia">Wars and battles involving Croatia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Medieval wars<br />and battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;">8th/9th-century battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Siege of Trsat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebellion_of_Ljudevit" class="mw-redirect" title="Rebellion of Ljudevit">Rebellion of Ljudevit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kupa" title="Battle of Kupa">Battle of Kupa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Makarska_(887)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Makarska (887) (page does not exist)">Battle of Makarska (887)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;">Croatian–Hungarian wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Drava_River" title="Battle of Drava River">Battle of Drava River</a> (925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gvozd_Mountain" title="Battle of Gvozd Mountain">Battle of Gvozd Mountain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Croatian%E2%80%93Bulgarian_wars" title="Croatian–Bulgarian wars">Croatian–Bulgarian wars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian%E2%80%93Bulgarian_battle_of_854" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian–Bulgarian battle of 854">Croatian–Bulgarian battle of 854</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian%E2%80%93Bulgarian_battle_of_926" title="Croatian–Bulgarian battle of 926">Croatian–Bulgarian battle of 927</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Zadar_(998)" title="Siege of Zadar (998)">Siege of Zadar (998)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Croatian-Venetian_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian-Venetian wars">Croatian-Venetian wars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Omi%C5%A1_(948)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Omiš (948) (page does not exist)">Battle of Omiš (948)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lastovo_(1000)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Lastovo (1000)">Battle of Lastovo (1000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Zadar_(1345%E2%80%931346)" title="Siege of Zadar (1345–1346)">Siege of Zadar (1345–1346)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;">High and Late Middle Ages<br />wars and battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Zadar" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Zadar">Siege of Zadar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Crusade" title="Fourth Crusade">Fourth Crusade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Crusade" title="Fifth Crusade">Fifth Crusade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mohi" title="Battle of Mohi">Battle of Mohi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grobnik_Field" title="Battle of Grobnik Field">Battle of Grobnik Field</a> (legendary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bliska" title="Battle of Bliska">Battle of Bliska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Hum_(1326%E2%80%931329)" class="mw-redirect" title="War of Hum (1326–1329)">War of Hum (1326–1329)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian%E2%80%93Ragusan_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnian–Ragusan War">Bosnian-Dubrovnik War (1403-1404)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Samobor" title="Battle of Samobor">Battle of Samobor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_Varna" title="Crusade of Varna">Crusade of Varna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Una" title="Battle of Una">Battle of Una</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vrpile" title="Battle of Vrpile">Battle of Vrpile Gulch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crown_of_Zvonimir_(Croatia).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Crown_of_Zvonimir_%28Croatia%29.svg/85px-Crown_of_Zvonimir_%28Croatia%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Crown_of_Zvonimir_%28Croatia%29.svg/128px-Crown_of_Zvonimir_%28Croatia%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Crown_of_Zvonimir_%28Croatia%29.svg/170px-Crown_of_Zvonimir_%28Croatia%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="208" data-file-height="144" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coa_Croatia_Country_History_(with_crown)_(1868-1918).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Coa_Croatia_Country_History_%28with_crown%29_%281868-1918%29.svg/70px-Coa_Croatia_Country_History_%28with_crown%29_%281868-1918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Coa_Croatia_Country_History_%28with_crown%29_%281868-1918%29.svg/105px-Coa_Croatia_Country_History_%28with_crown%29_%281868-1918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Coa_Croatia_Country_History_%28with_crown%29_%281868-1918%29.svg/140px-Coa_Croatia_Country_History_%28with_crown%29_%281868-1918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="255" data-file-height="470" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia.svg/70px-Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia.svg/105px-Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia.svg/140px-Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1386" data-file-height="1844" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Croatian%E2%80%93Ottoman_wars" title="Croatian–Ottoman wars">Croatian–Ottoman wars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_Croatian%E2%80%93Ottoman_War" title="Hundred Years' Croatian–Ottoman War">Hundred Years'<br />Croatian–Ottoman War</a><br />(1493–1593)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krbava_Field" title="Battle of Krbava Field">Battle of Krbava Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dubica" title="Battle of Dubica">Battle of Dubica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Knin" title="Siege of Knin">Siege of Knin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moh%C3%A1cs" title="Battle of Mohács">Battle of Mohács</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jajce" title="Siege of Jajce">Siege of Jajce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_campaign_of_1527%E2%80%931528" title="Hungarian campaign of 1527–1528">Hungarian campaign of 1527–1528</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_campaign_of_1529" class="mw-redirect" title="Balkan campaign of 1529">Balkan campaign of 1529</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_War_in_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Little War in Hungary">Little War in Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Vara%C5%BEdin_(1527)" title="Siege of Varaždin (1527)">Siege of Varaždin (1527)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Belaj" title="Battle of Belaj">Battle of Belaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_K%C5%91szeg" title="Siege of Kőszeg">Siege of Kőszeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Klis" title="Siege of Klis">Siege of Klis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katzianer%27s_Campaign" title="Katzianer's Campaign">Katzianer's Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gorjani" title="Battle of Gorjani">Battle of Gorjani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_%C4%90ur%C4%91evac_(1552)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Đurđevac (1552) (page does not exist)">Siege of Đurđevac (1552)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hrastovica_(1561)" title="Battle of Hrastovica (1561)">Battle of Hrastovica (1561)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Szigetv%C3%A1r" title="Siege of Szigetvár">Siege of Szigetvár</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Gvozdansko" title="Siege of Gvozdansko">Siege of Gvozdansko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Slunj" title="Battle of Slunj">Battle of Slunj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Biha%C4%87_(1592)" title="Siege of Bihać (1592)">Siege of Bihać (1592)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brest_(1592)" title="Battle of Brest (1592)">Battle of Brest (1592)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sisak" title="Battle of Sisak">Battle of Sisak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Long_Turkish_War" title="Long Turkish War">Long War</a><br />(1593–1606)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brest_(1596)" title="Battle of Brest (1596)">Battle of Brest (1596)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Keresztes" title="Battle of Keresztes">Battle of Keresztes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Austro-Turkish_War_(1663%E2%80%931664)" title="Austro-Turkish War (1663–1664)">Austro-Turkish War</a><br />(1663–1664)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Zr%C3%ADnyi%C3%BAjv%C3%A1r" title="First Battle of Zrínyiújvár">First Battle of Novi Zrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_at_Jurjeve_Stijene" title="Battle at Jurjeve Stijene">Battle of Otočac (1663)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Zr%C3%ADnyi%C3%BAjv%C3%A1r" title="Second Battle of Zrínyiújvár">Second Battle of Novi Zrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Novi_Zrin_(1664)" title="Siege of Novi Zrin (1664)">Siege of Novi Zrin (1664)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saint_Gotthard_(1664)" title="Battle of Saint Gotthard (1664)">Battle of Saint Gotthard (1664)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Croatian-Slavonian-Dalmatian_theater_in_Great_Turkish_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian-Slavonian-Dalmatian theater in Great Turkish War">Great Turkish War</a><br />(1683–1699)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Virovitica_(1684)" title="Siege of Virovitica (1684)">Siege of Virovitica (1684)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osijek_Incursion_(1685)" class="mw-redirect" title="Osijek Incursion (1685)">Osijek Incursion (1685)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moh%C3%A1cs_(1687)" title="Battle of Mohács (1687)">Battle of Mohács (1687)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian-Slavonian-Dalmatian_theater_in_Great_Turkish_War#Siege_of_Udbina" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian-Slavonian-Dalmatian theater in Great Turkish War">Siege of Udbina Castle (1689)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Biha%C4%87_(1697)" title="Siege of Bihać (1697)">Siege of Bihać (1697)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Slankamen" title="Battle of Slankamen">Battle of Slankamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zenta" title="Battle of Zenta">Battle of Senta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;">18th-century<br />Ottoman wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saint_Gotthard_(1705)" title="Battle of Saint Gotthard (1705)">Battle of Saint Gotthard (1705)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Sinj_(1715)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Sinj (1715) (page does not exist)">Siege of Sinj (1715)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Petrovaradin" title="Battle of Petrovaradin">Battle of Petrovaradin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Banja_Luka" title="Battle of Banja Luka">Battle of Banja Luka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relief_of_Dre%C5%BEnik_(1788)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Relief of Drežnik (1788) (page does not exist)">Relief of Drežnik (1788)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relief_of_Cetingrad" title="Relief of Cetingrad">Relief of Cetingrad (1790)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/European_wars_of_religion" title="European wars of religion">European 17th/18th-<br />century wars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uskok_War" title="Uskok War">Uskok War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sablat" title="Battle of Sablat">Battle of Sablat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Heidelberg_(1622)" title="Siege of Heidelberg (1622)">Siege of Heidelberg (1622)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Magdeburg" title="Sack of Magdeburg">Sack of Magdeburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Breitenfeld_(1631)" title="Battle of Breitenfeld (1631)">Battle of Breitenfeld (1631)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_L%C3%BCtzen_(1632)" title="Battle of Lützen (1632)">Battle of Lützen (1632)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_N%C3%B6rdlingen_(1634)" title="Battle of Nördlingen (1634)">Battle of Nördlingen (1634)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lobositz" title="Battle of Lobositz">Battle of Lobositz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kol%C3%ADn" title="Battle of Kolín">Battle of Kolín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Breslau_(1757)" title="Battle of Breslau (1757)">Battle of Breslau (1757)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hochkirch" title="Battle of Hochkirch">Battle of Hochkirch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Meissen" title="Battle of Meissen">Battle of Meissen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Landeshut_(1760)" title="Battle of Landeshut (1760)">Battle of Landeshut (1760)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Liegnitz_(1760)" title="Battle of Liegnitz (1760)">Battle of Liegnitz (1760)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">19th-century wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="French Revolutionary Wars">French Revolutionary</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Castiglione" title="Battle of Castiglione">Battle of Castiglione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bassano" title="Battle of Bassano">Battle of Bassano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ostrach" title="Battle of Ostrach">Battle of Ostrach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stockach_(1799)" title="Battle of Stockach (1799)">Battle of Stockach (1799)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marengo" title="Battle of Marengo">Battle of Marengo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Caldiero_(1805)" title="Battle of Caldiero (1805)">Battle of Caldiero (1805)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Austerlitz" title="Battle of Austerlitz">Battle of Austerlitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Landshut_(1809)" title="Battle of Landshut (1809)">Battle of Landshut (1809)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Neumarkt-Sankt_Veit" title="Battle of Neumarkt-Sankt Veit">Battle of Neumarkt-Sankt Veit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sankt_Michael" title="Battle of Sankt Michael">Battle of Sankt Michael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raab_(1809)" title="Battle of Raab (1809)">Battle of Raab (1809)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Graz" title="Battle of Graz">Battle of Graz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leipzig" title="Battle of Leipzig">Battle of Leipzig</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848%E2%80%9349" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848–49">Hungarian Revolution<br />of 1848–49</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_P%C3%A1kozd" title="Battle of Pákozd">Battle of Pákozd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_Uprising" title="Vienna Uprising">Vienna Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Schwechat" title="Battle of Schwechat">Battle of Schwechat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_M%C3%B3r" title="Battle of Mór">Battle of Mór</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_K%C3%A1polna" title="Battle of Kápolna">Battle of Kápolna</a></li> <li>Battles of Komárom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Kom%C3%A1rom_(1849)" title="First Battle of Komárom (1849)">First battle</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Kom%C3%A1rom_(1849)" title="Second Battle of Komárom (1849)">Second battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Kom%C3%A1rom_(1849)" title="Third Battle of Komárom (1849)">Third battle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Temesv%C3%A1r" title="Battle of Temesvár">Battle of Temesvár</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Third_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="Third Italian War of Independence">Third Italian War<br />of Independence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Custoza_(1866)" title="Battle of Custoza (1866)">Battle of Custoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lissa_(1866)" title="Battle of Lissa (1866)">Battle of Vis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_campaign_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_in_1878#Occupation" title="Austro-Hungarian campaign in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1878">Austro-Hungarian –<br />Bosnia-Herzegovinian War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jajce_(1878)" title="Battle of Jajce (1878)">Battle of Jajce (1878)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Vitez_(1878)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Vitez (1878) (page does not exist)">Battle of Vitez (1878)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarajevo_(1878)" title="Battle of Sarajevo (1878)">Battle of Sarajevo (1878)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Livno_(1878)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Livno (1878) (page does not exist)">Battle of Livno (1878)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">20th-century wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;">World War I</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Campaign_of_World_War_I" title="Adriatic Campaign of World War I">Adriatic Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Galicia" title="Battle of Galicia">Battle of Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_the_Isonzo" title="Battles of the Isonzo">Battle of Soča</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Caporetto" title="Battle of Caporetto">Battle of Caporetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Ancona" title="Bombardment of Ancona">Bombardment of Ancona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Piave_River" title="Second Battle of the Piave River">Second Battle of the Piave River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vittorio_Veneto" title="Battle of Vittorio Veneto">Battle of Vittorio Veneto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;">World War II</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">Invasion of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kozara" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Kozara">Battle of Kozara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Livno" title="Battle of Livno">Battle of Livno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Battle of Stalingrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Neretva" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Neretva">Battle of Neretva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Otto_(1943)" title="Operation Otto (1943)">Operation Otto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Sutjeska" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of the Sutjeska">Battle of the Sutjeska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Drvar" class="mw-redirect" title="Raid on Drvar">Raid on Drvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrmian_Front" title="Syrmian Front">Syrmian Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Knin" title="Battle of Knin">Battle of Knin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mostar" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Mostar">Battle of Mostar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lijev%C4%8De_Field" title="Battle of Lijevče Field">Battle of Lijevče Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sarajevo_(1945)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Sarajevo (1945)">Battle of Sarajevo (1945)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Croatian War of Independence">Croatian War of Independence</a><br />(1991–1995)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakrac_clash" title="Pakrac clash">Pakrac clash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plitvice_Lakes_incident" title="Plitvice Lakes incident">Plitvice Lakes incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borovo_Selo_killings" class="mw-redirect" title="Borovo Selo killings">Borovo Selo killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Stinger" title="Operation Stinger">Operation Stinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Yugoslav_campaign_in_Croatia" title="1991 Yugoslav campaign in Croatia">1991 Yugoslav campaign in Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalj_massacre" title="Dalj massacre">Dalj massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Osijek" title="Battle of Osijek">Battle of Osijek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vukovar" title="Battle of Vukovar">Battle of Vukovar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vukovar_massacre" title="Vukovar massacre">Vukovar massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gospi%C4%87" title="Battle of Gospić">Battle of Gospić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C5%A0ibenik" title="Battle of Šibenik">Battle of Šibenik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zadar" title="Battle of Zadar">Battle of Zadar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kusonje" title="Battle of Kusonje">Battle of Kusonje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Barracks" title="Battle of the Barracks">Battle of the Barracks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Vara%C5%BEdin_Barracks" title="Siege of Varaždin Barracks">Siege of Varaždin Barracks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Bjelovar_Barracks" title="Siege of Bjelovar Barracks">Siege of Bjelovar Barracks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dalmatian_Channels" title="Battle of the Dalmatian Channels">Battle of the Dalmatian Channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospi%C4%87_massacre" title="Gospić massacre">Gospić massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Dubrovnik" title="Siege of Dubrovnik">Siege of Dubrovnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Otkos_10" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Otkos 10">Operation Otkos 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Orkan_91" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Orkan 91">Operation Orkan 91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Whirlwind" title="Operation Whirlwind">Operation Whirlwind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Baranja" title="Operation Baranja">Operation Baranja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jackal" title="Operation Jackal">Operation Jackal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Miljevci_Plateau" title="Battle of the Miljevci Plateau">Battle of the Miljevci Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tiger_(1992)" title="Operation Tiger (1992)">Operation Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Maslenica" title="Operation Maslenica">Operation Maslenica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daruvar_Agreement" title="Daruvar Agreement">Daruvar Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Medak_Pocket" title="Operation Medak Pocket">Operation Medak Pocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Winter_%2794" title="Operation Winter '94">Operation Winter '94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Flash" title="Operation Flash">Operation Flash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Summer_%2795" title="Operation Summer '95">Operation Summer '95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Storm" title="Operation Storm">Operation Storm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/War_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Bosnia and Herzegovina">War in Bosnia and Herzegovina</a><br />(1992–1995)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kupres_(1992)" title="Battle of Kupres (1992)">Battle of Kupres (1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sarajevo" title="Siege of Sarajevo">Siege of Sarajevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Biha%C4%87_(1992%E2%80%9395)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Bihać (1992–95)">Siege of Bihać (1992–95)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Vrbas_%2792" title="Operation Vrbas '92">Operation Vrbas '92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Koridor" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Koridor">Operation Koridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C5%BDep%C4%8De" title="Battle of Žepče">Battle of Žepče</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mostar" title="Siege of Mostar">Siege of Mostar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Neretva_%2793" title="Operation Neretva '93">Operation Neretva '93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tvigi_94" title="Operation Tvigi 94">Operation Tvigi 94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kupres_(1994)" title="Battle of Kupres (1994)">Battle of Kupres (Operation Cincar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ora%C5%A1je" title="Battle of Orašje">Battle of Orašje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Mistral_2" title="Operation Mistral 2">Operation Maestral 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Una" title="Operation Una">Operation Una</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Southern_Move" title="Operation Southern Move">Operation Southern Move</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">21st-century<br />conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan<br />(2001–2021)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">International Security Assistance Force (ISAF)</a> (2003–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resolute_Support_Mission" title="Resolute Support Mission">Resolute Support Mission Force (RS)</a> (2015–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights" title="Golan Heights">Golan Heights</a> <a href="/wiki/Ceasefire" title="Ceasefire">ceasefire</a><br />after <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Disengagement_Observer_Force" title="United Nations Disengagement Observer Force">United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF)</a> (2008–2013)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_involving_Croatia" title="Category:Battles involving Croatia">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    </div><noscript><img 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