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Novellae Constitutiones - Vikipedi

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interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novellae" title="Novellae - Katalanca" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Novellae" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novellae" title="Novellae - Almanca" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Novellae" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Almanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B5%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%AF" title="Νεαραί - Yunanca" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νεαραί" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novellae_Constitutiones" title="Novellae Constitutiones - İngilizce" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Novellae Constitutiones" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="İngilizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novellae_Constitutiones" title="Novellae Constitutiones - İspanyolca" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Novellae Constitutiones" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="İspanyolca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novellae" title="Novellae - Estonca" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Novellae" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novelles_de_Justinien" title="Novelles de Justinien - Fransızca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Novelles de Justinien" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Fransızca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A1" title="הנובלות של יוסטיניאנוס - İbranice" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הנובלות של יוסטיניאנוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="İbranice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novellae_Constitutiones" title="Novellae Constitutiones - İtalyanca" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Novellae Constitutiones" data-language-autonym="İtaliano" data-language-local-name="İtalyanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İtaliano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novelas_de_Justiniano" title="Novelas de Justiniano - Portekizce" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Novelas de Justiniano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portekizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="kaliteli madde"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%AE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Новеллы Юстиниана - Rusça" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Новеллы Юстиниана" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">gizle</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipedi, özgür ansiklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tr" dir="ltr"><p><i><b>Novellae Constitutiones</b></i> ("yeni anayasalar"; <a href="/wiki/Latince" title="Latince">Latince</a>:&#160;<span class="lang-la" lang="la" dir="ltr">Novellæ constitutiones</span>, <a href="/wiki/Grek%C3%A7e" title="Grekçe">Grekçe</a>:&#160;<span class="lang-grc" lang="grc" dir="ltr">Νεαραί διατάξεις</span>) ya da <i><b>Justinianus'un Kanunları</b></i>, <a href="/wiki/Roma_imparatoru" title="Roma imparatoru">Roma imparatoru</a> <a href="/wiki/I._Justinianus" title="I. Justinianus">I. Justinianus</a> tarafından, uzun hükümdarlığı döneminde (AD 527–565) başlatılan dört ana <a href="/wiki/Roma_hukuku" title="Roma hukuku">Roma hukuku</a> biriminden biri olarak kabul edilirler. Diğer üç parça <i><a href="/wiki/Codex_Justinianus" title="Codex Justinianus">Codex Justinianus</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Digesta_seu_Pandectae&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Digesta seu Pandectae (sayfa mevcut değil)">Digesta seu Pandectae</a></i> ve <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institutiones_Justinianus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Institutiones Justinianus (sayfa mevcut değil)">Institutiones Justinianus</a></i> olarak isimlendirilir. Justinianus'un <a href="/wiki/Quaestor" title="Quaestor">quaestor</a>'u <a href="/wiki/Tribonianus" title="Tribonianus">Tribonianus</a> öncelikle bu son üçünün derlemekten sorumluydu. Bu dört parça beraber <i><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Iuris_Civilis" title="Corpus Iuris Civilis">Corpus Iuris Civilis</a></i> olarak da bilinir. Bununla birlikte, Codex, Digesta ve Institutiones Justinianus tarafından tutarlı eserler olarak tasarlanırken, Novellae ise Codex'in ikinci baskısını ilan ettiği 534'ten sonra çıkarılan çeşitli kanunlardır ve onun hükümdarlığında asla resmen derlenmemiştir.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tarih">Tarih</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novellae_Constitutiones&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Tarih" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novellae_Constitutiones&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Tarih"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>529'da yayınlanan Justinianus'un ilk <i>Codex</i>'i, önceki imparatorların imparatorluk yasalarının (<i>Constitutiones</i>) derlenmesi ve uyumlu hale getirilmesiydi.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i>Codex</i> yürürlüğe girdikten sonra, önceki imparatorluk yasa düzenlemeleri yürürlükten kalkmış ve kanun olarak yalnızca yeni düzenleme kalmıştır. Bununla birlikte, 530 ve 531'de Justinianus, klasik hukukçuların yazıları arasındaki farklılıkları gideren <i>quinquaginta decisiones</i> (elli karar) yayınladı ve başka yeni yasalar çıkarmaya devam etti.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Bu, <i>Codex</i>'in artık tek ve birleşik imparatorluk bir mevzuat kaynağı olmadığı anlamına geliyordu. Bu nedenle, 534 yılında Justinianus <i>Constitutio cordi nobis</i>'u yayınladı<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> ve <i>Codex</i>'in (<i>Codex repetitae praelectionis</i>) ikinci edisyonunu yarattı. Bu edisyon, ilk edisyondaki kanunların yerini alarak Justinianus'un yeni yasa düzenlemelerine dahil oldular. </p><p>Justinianus, <i>Codex</i>'in ikinci edisyonunu yarattıktan sonra kanun yapımına devam etti. Bu nedenle, 554'teki pragmatik yaptırımında(<i>Sanctio pragmatica pro petitione Vigilii</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i>Codex</i>'i (<i>novellae constitutiones, quae post nostri codicis confectionem</i>) değiştiren bu yeni kanunların bir koleksiyonu ile sürdürmesi gerektiğini öngördü. Bunu <i>Liber legum</i> ya da <i>Libri legum</i> adı verilen bir arşiv şeklinde yaptı.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zaman_çizelgesi"><span id="Zaman_.C3.A7izelgesi"></span>Zaman çizelgesi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novellae_Constitutiones&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Zaman çizelgesi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novellae_Constitutiones&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Zaman çizelgesi"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Justinianus, hiçbir zaman resmen yeni kanunların derlemesini yapmamış olsa da, özel kişiler bu boşluğu çeşitli formlarda resmi olmayan derlemeler ile doldurmuşlardır. Aşağıdaki zaman çizelgesi, bu derlemelerin özlü bir dökümünü verirken, yüzyıllar içerisinde günümüze nasıl taşındığını açıklar:<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>556 <a href="/wiki/Konstantinopolis" title="Konstantinopolis">Konstantinopolis</a>'de hukuk profesörü <a href="/wiki/Julianus" title="Julianus">Julianus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latince" title="Latince">Latince</a> konuşan öğrenciler için 535-555 arası çıkan 124 kanunun (ya da 122, ikisi mükerrer) özeti <i>Epitome Juliani</i>'yi hazırladı.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i>Epitome Juliani</i> çoğu resmi olarak <a href="/wiki/Yunanca" title="Yunanca">Yunanca</a> yayınlanan kanunların kısmen açıklamalı Latince bir özetidir. Latince olduğu için, <i>Epitome Juliani</i>, <a href="/wiki/Erken_Orta_%C3%87a%C4%9F" title="Erken Orta Çağ">Erken Orta Çağ</a>'da Batı'daki kanunların tercih edilen bir kaynağı olmayı yaklaşık 1100'e orada başka bir edisyon bulunana kadar sürdürmüştür.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>556? 535-556 arası çıkan 134 kanunun yaklaşık o zaman derlemesi. Çoğunlukla kelime kelime Yunanca kanunların tam metin tercümesidir, ayrıca aslen Latince ya da hem Yunanca hem de Latince çıkmış az sayıda kanunu da içerir. Yaklaşık 1100 yılında <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a>'de keşfedildi, <i>Authenticum</i> olarak bilinir çünkü <a href="/w/index.php?title=Irnerius&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Irnerius (sayfa mevcut değil)">Irnerius</a> ve diğer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossator&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Glossator (sayfa mevcut değil)">Glossatorlar</a> Justinianus düzeninde yapılmış resmi bir derleme olduğunu düşünürler.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (Bazen ayrıca <i>versio vulgata</i> olarak da bilinir.)</li> <li>575–580 168 kanun derlemesi (ya da 166, çoğunluğu Yunanca fakat iki tanesi Latincede tekrar etmiştir.) <a href="/wiki/II._Tiberius" title="II. Tiberius">II. Tiberius</a> hükümdarlığında derlenmiştir. Bu derlemenin Orta Çağ'da Venedik ve Floransa olmak üzere iki el yazması keşfedilmiştir.</li> <li>600-800 <i>Epitome Juliani</i> elyazmaları Avrupa'da dolaşımdaydı. <i>E.J.</i>, Authenticum ortaya çıkana kadar Avrupa'da Roma hukukunun temel kaynağıydı. Corpus Jurus Civilis olarak bilinenlerin diğer kısımları batıda az bilinirdi.</li> <li>892 Bizans İmparatoru <a href="/wiki/VI._Leon" title="VI. Leon">VI. Leon</a>'un hükümdarlığında <i>Basilica</i> yayınlandı. 168 kanunun Yunanca derlemesiydi, Codex, Digesta ve Institutiones parçalarıyla beraber scholia (yorumlayıcı notlar) takviye edilmiş birçok kanunun özlerini içerir. <i>Basilica</i> daha sonra Novellae'nın yeniden oluşturulmasına yardımcı olmuştur.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>12. yüzyıl, <i>Authenticum</i>, Bologna'da ortaya çıktı, büyük ölçüde <i>Epitome Juliani</i>'nin yerini aldı. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corpus_Juris_Canonici&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Corpus Juris Canonici (sayfa mevcut değil)">Corpus Juris Canonici</a></i>'den ayırabilmek için Justinianus'un Codex, Digesta, Constitutiones ve Novellae'sı <i>Corpus Iuris Civilis</i> olarak adlandırılmaya başlandı. <i>CJC</i>, o zamanlar günümüzden farklı düzenleniyordu. Parçaları şu şekildeydi: Digesta'nın üç cildinin her biri, Codex'in ilk dokuz kitabı ile beşinci cilt Institutiones, Codex'in son üç cildi (<i>Tres libri</i>) ve <i>Authenticum</i> formunda Novellae.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sonraki <i>Volumen</i> ya da <i>Volumen parvum</i> olarak adlandırılmıştır (<i>CJC</i>'nin diğer ciltleriyle karşılaştırıldığında önemsiz bir cildidir).</li> <li>13. yüzyıl, Venedik elyazması (<i><a href="/wiki/Codex_Marcianus" class="mw-redirect" title="Codex Marcianus">Codex Marcianus</a></i>—Venedik'te San Marco Kütüphanesi'nde tutulduğu için böyle adlandırılmıştır. Bu elyazmasının Vatikan'daki 16. yüzyılın başlarında bir kopyası <i>Palatino-Vaticanus</i>olarak anılır.)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 168 Yunanca kanun derlemesi yaklaşık bu zamanda yaratılmıştır. Son üç kanun, praetorian prefect kararnamesi, 4 tanesi <a href="/wiki/II._Justinus" title="II. Justinus">II. Justinus</a>'un kanunu, 2 tanesi iki kere verilmiştir. Bazıları ana derlemedeki kanunların tekrar olan 13 fermanı ek olarak içerir.</li> <li>14.yüzyıl, Floransa elyazması da (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Codex_Laurentianus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Codex Laurentianus (sayfa mevcut değil)">Codex Laurentianus</a></i>-Floransa'da Laurentian Kütüphanesi'nde tutulduğu için böyle adlandırılmıştır.)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> daha az kaliteyle olmak üzerere 168 Yunanca kanun derlemesini içerir, 14. yüzyılda tasarlanmıştır.</li> <li>1476 Kanunların ilk basılı kopyası<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Roma'da <i>Authenticum</i> temelli Codex, Institutiones ve Novellae'dan oluşan <i>Tres Libri</i> ile yayınlanmıştır.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Flickr_-_Yale_Law_Library_-_Arbor_feudorum,_1553.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flickr_-_Yale_Law_Library_-_Arbor_feudorum%2C_1553.jpg/220px-Flickr_-_Yale_Law_Library_-_Arbor_feudorum%2C_1553.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="354" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flickr_-_Yale_Law_Library_-_Arbor_feudorum%2C_1553.jpg/330px-Flickr_-_Yale_Law_Library_-_Arbor_feudorum%2C_1553.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flickr_-_Yale_Law_Library_-_Arbor_feudorum%2C_1553.jpg/440px-Flickr_-_Yale_Law_Library_-_Arbor_feudorum%2C_1553.jpg 2x" data-file-width="636" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Feodal hakları diyagram şeklinde gösteren "Arbor feudorum", Justinianus'un Kanunlarının 1553 Lyon edisyonu</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>1932 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Parsons_Scott&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Parsons Scott (sayfa mevcut değil)">Samuel Parsons Scott</a>'un <i>CJC</i> <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0ngilizce" title="İngilizce">İngilizce</a> tercümesi yayınlandı.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ne yazık ki Scott, Mommsen, Krüger, Schoell ve Kroll'un CJC tercümesi yerine Kriegel kardeşlerin ki kullandı ve çevirisi ciddi biçimde eleşti almıştır.</li> <li>1943 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_H._Blume&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fred H. Blume (sayfa mevcut değil)">Fred H. Blume</a>, Justinianus'un Kanunlarının yaptığı İngilizce çevirisini Clyde Pharr'a yolladı.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>2008 Blume'nin Codex ve kanunları <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uwyo.edu/lawlib/blume%2Djustinian//">Ek açıklamalı Justinianus'un Kanunları sitesinde</a> 26 Ekim 2019 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191026211838/http://www.uwyo.edu/lawlib/blume-justinian/">arşivlendi</a>. yayınlandı.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>2013 Kroll'un önsözü ile kanunların seçmeli İngilizce çevirisi Miller ve Kearley tarafından yayınlandı.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>2018 Kanunların Yunanca asıllarından İngilizceye David J.D. Miller ve Peter Saaris tarafından yapılan tercümesi <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a> tarafından yayınlandı.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kaynakça"><span id="Kaynak.C3.A7a"></span>Kaynakça</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novellae_Constitutiones&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Kaynakça" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novellae_Constitutiones&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Kaynakça"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r32805677">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-count:2}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-count:3}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text">Genel olarak bakın, A. Arthur Schiller, <i>Roman Law: Mechanisms of Development</i>, §§ 12-16 at 29-40 (1978) ve <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tony_Honor%C3%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tony Honoré (sayfa mevcut değil)">Tony Honoré</a>, "Justinian's Codification" in <i>The Oxford Classical Dictionary</i> 803 (Simon Hornblower and Antony Spawforth eds. 3rd rev. ed 2003). Novellae'nın detaylı tarihi için bakın, Timothy Kearley, "The Creation and Transmission of Justinian's Novels," <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.uwyo.edu/lawlib/blume-justinian/_files/docs/ajcnovels2/novelsart._llj_ed.pdf">[1]</a> 13 Kasım 2019 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191113192850/http://www.uwyo.edu/lawlib/blume-justinian/_files/docs/ajcnovels2/novelsart._llj_ed.pdf">arşivlendi</a>. adresinde mevcut.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text">See <i>Constitutio haec quae necessario</i>, or “Concerning the Establishment of a New Code” (Feb. 13, 528), translated by Justice <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_Blume&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fred Blume (sayfa mevcut değil)">Fred Blume</a> in the “Annotated Justinian Code,” available at <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.uwyo.edu/lawlib/blume%2Djustinian">[2]</a> 26 Ekim 2019 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191026211838/http://www.uwyo.edu/lawlib/blume-justinian/">arşivlendi</a>. and <i>Constitutio summa rei publicae</i>, or “Concerning the Confirmation of the Code of Justinian,” id. at page 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text">See Tony Honoré, <i>Tribonian</i> 124-222 (1978).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text">“Concerning the Correction of the Justinian Code, and the Second Edition Thereof” (November 16, 534), translated by Justice Fred Blume in the “Annotated Justinian Code,” <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.uwyo.edu/lawlib/blume%2Djustinian">[3]</a> 26 Ekim 2019 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191026211838/http://www.uwyo.edu/lawlib/blume-justinian/">arşivlendi</a>. at page 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text">"That the Laws of the Emperor Shall be Extended into his Provinces” (August 13, 554), available at <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.uwyo.edu/lawlib/blume-justinian/_files/docs/ajcnovels2/novels2-new-pdf/appendix%207_replacement_rev.pdf">[4]</a> 19 Ağustos 2019 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190819145110/http://www.uwyo.edu/lawlib/blume-justinian/_files/docs/ajcnovels2/novels2-new-pdf/appendix%207_replacement_rev.pdf">arşivlendi</a>..</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text">See Pierre Noailles, 1 <i>Les Collections de Novelles de l’Empereur Justinian</i> 31-58 (1912) available at <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://openlibrary.org/works/OL15709990W/Les_collections_de_Novelles_de_l&#39;Empereur_Justinien">[5]</a> 6 Nisan 2020 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200406194427/https://openlibrary.org/works/OL15709990W/Les_collections_de_Novelles_de_l%27Empereur_Justinien">arşivlendi</a>..</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text">For a more detailed examination of the Novels and their transmission, see Timothy Kearley, <i>The Creation and Transmission of Justinian’s Novels</i> (2010), supra note 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text">Detlef Liebs, <i>Die Jurisprudenz im Spätanitken Italien</i> 220-223, 264-265 (1987).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text">Charles M. Radding &amp; Antonio Ciaralli, <i>The Corpus Iuris Civilis in the Middle Ages: Manuscripts and Transmissions from the Sixth Century to the Juristic Revival</i> 40 (2007).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text">Id. at 35-36 and Schiller, supra note 1, § 16 at 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text">On the <i>Basilica</i>, see Kunkel, supra note 11 at 179-181.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text">See Schiller, supra note 1, § 12 at 29-30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text">On the Venetian manuscript, see generally, Noailles, supra note 6, vol. 2 at 5-45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text">On the Florentine manuscript, see generally, Noailles, supra, note 6, vol. 2 at 107-116. Lodovicio Bolognini made copy of the Florentine manuscript in the early 16th century that is referred to as the Bolognese manuscript or <i>Bononiensis,</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text">Volumen Parvum.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text">Scott's translation <i>The Civil Law</i> is available at <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.constitution.org/sps/sps.htm">[6]</a> 22 Temmuz 2010 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100722005254/http://www.constitution.org/sps/sps.htm">arşivlendi</a>..</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text">For further discussion of the work of Scott, Blume, and Pharr on Roman law translation see Kearley, Timothy G., "From Rome to the Restatement: S.P. Scott, Fred Blume, Clyde Pharr, and Roman Law in Early Twentieth-Century," available at Social Science Research Network <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://ssrn.com/abstract=2737986">[7]</a>. For his translation of the Novels, Blume used the Latin translation of Schoell and Kroll in the Mommsen CJC.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text">For Blume's translation of these works see the <i>Annotated Justinian Code</i> web site available at <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.uwyo.edu/lawlib/blume%2Djustinian">[8]</a> 26 Ekim 2019 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191026211838/http://www.uwyo.edu/lawlib/blume-justinian/">arşivlendi</a>.. For the history of Blume's <i>Annotated Justinian Code,</i> see Timothy Kearley, "Justice Fred Blume and the Translation of Justinian's Code," available at <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.uwyo.edu/lawlib/blume-justinian/_files/docs/historyajcrev-1.pdf">[9]</a> 12 Ocak 2019 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190112203659/http://www.uwyo.edu/lawlib/blume-justinian/_files/docs/historyajcrev-1.pdf">arşivlendi</a>..</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text">David J.D. Miller &amp; Timothy Kearley, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uwyo.edu/lawlib/blume-justinian/ajc-edition-2/novels/novels%20preface_combined%20version_july18_rev.pdf">Wilhelm Kroll's Preface to Justinian's Novels: An English Translation</a> 13 Temmuz 2019 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190713152009/http://www.uwyo.edu/lawlib/blume-justinian/ajc-edition-2/novels/novels%20preface_combined%20version_july18_rev.pdf">arşivlendi</a>.," University of Wyoming, Annotated Justinian Code website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text">David J.D. Miller &amp; Peter Saaris, <i>The Novels of Justinian: A Complete Annotated English Translation</i> (2 vols., 2018). Saaris's introduction includes a full description of the Novels and a brief survey of the translations. See Peter Saaris "Introduction: The Novels of the Emperor Justinian" in volume 1, pages 1-51.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dış_bağlantılar"><span id="D.C4.B1.C5.9F_ba.C4.9Flant.C4.B1lar"></span>Dış bağlantılar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novellae_Constitutiones&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Dış bağlantılar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novellae_Constitutiones&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Dış bağlantılar"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uwyo.edu/lawlib/blume%2Djustinian//">Annotated Justinian Code By Fred H. 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