CINXE.COM
America’s Gambling Addiction Is Metastasizing - The Atlantic
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en" dir="ltr"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"/><link rel="icon" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/images/favicon-3888b0e329526a975703e3059a02b92d.ico"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/images/apple-touch-icon-default-b504d70343a9438df64c32ce339c7ebc.png"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/images/apple-touch-icon-76x76-d5accc11b8265af76495fbfa9d38dd3b.png"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/images/apple-touch-icon-120x120-419ba228184c040a691628d3dd82c206.png"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/images/apple-touch-icon-152x152-aafde20dd981a38fcd549b29b2b3b785.png"/><meta name="application-name" content="theatlantic"/><meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#FFFFFF"/><meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/images/apple-touch-icon-default-b504d70343a9438df64c32ce339c7ebc.png"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="The Atlantic"/><meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"/><meta property="fb:admins" content="577048155,17301937"/><meta property="fb:app_id" content="100770816677686"/><meta property="fb:pages" content="29259828486,1468531833474495,1061579677251147,457711054591520,370457103090695,1631141167169115,148681772342453,1510507419185410,128344747344340,128377530562508,236061986423933"/><meta name="p:domain_verify" content="68e1a0361a557708fefc992f3309ed70"/><meta name="twitter:site" content="@theatlantic"/><meta name="twitter:domain" content="theatlantic.com"/><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"WebSite","name":"The Atlantic","url":"https://www.theatlantic.com","inLanguage":"en-US","issn":"1072-7825","potentialAction":{"@type":"SearchAction","target":"https://www.theatlantic.com/search/?q={q}","query-input":"required name=q"}}</script><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","@id":"https://www.theatlantic.com/#publisher","name":"The Atlantic","url":"https://www.theatlantic.com","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","width":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","unitCode":"E37","value":224},"height":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","unitCode":"E37","value":224},"url":"https://cdn.theatlantic.com/assets/media/files/atlantic-logo--224x224.png"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/TheAtlantic","https://twitter.com/theatlantic"]}</script><style id="_vis_opt_path_hide">#paywall,#nonMeteredNudge,#gate {opacity:0;}</style><title>America’s Gambling Addiction Is Metastasizing - The Atlantic</title><meta name="description" content="When life feels this precarious, it’s only natural to roll the dice on just about everything."/><meta property="krux:title" content="America’s Gambling Addiction Is Metastasizing - The Atlantic"/><meta property="krux:description" content="When life feels this precarious, it’s only natural to roll the dice on just about everything."/><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/11/world-our-casino/620791/"/><link rel="image_src" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/mtlTevuWOqo6CDkLEZN6vwFnKQ8=/0x27:1280x694/1200x625/media/img/mt/2021/11/The_Atlantic_atm_16x9/original.jpg"/><meta name="author" content="Stephen Marche"/><link rel="ia:markup_url" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/facebook-instant/article/620791/"/><meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/TheAtlantic/"/><meta property="article:opinion" content="false"/><meta property="article:content_tier" content="metered"/><meta property="article:tag" content="ideas"/><meta property="article:section" content="Ideas"/><meta property="article:published_time" content="2021-11-26T12:00:00Z"/><meta property="article:modified_time" content="2022-11-11T14:24:45Z"/><meta name="robots" content="index, follow, max-image-preview:large"/><meta property="og:title" content="America’s Gambling Addiction Is Metastasizing"/><meta property="og:description" content="When life feels this precarious, it’s only natural to roll the dice on just about everything."/><meta property="og:url" content="https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/11/world-our-casino/620791/"/><meta property="og:type" content="article"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/mtlTevuWOqo6CDkLEZN6vwFnKQ8=/0x27:1280x694/1200x625/media/img/mt/2021/11/The_Atlantic_atm_16x9/original.jpg"/><meta property="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta name="FacebookShareMessage" content=""Gambling is a symptom, almost an allegory, of American decay," @StephenMarche writes. "What are we gambling with? What are the stakes?""/><meta name="TwitterShareMessage" content=""Gambling is a symptom, almost an allegory, of American decay," @StephenMarche writes. "What are we gambling with? What are the stakes?""/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="The Atlantic" href="/feed/all/"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Best of The Atlantic" href="/feed/best-of/"/><meta name="referrer" content="unsafe-url"/><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"/><meta name="apple-mobile-web-status-bar-style" content="black"/><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="The Atlantic"/><meta name="keywords" content="Total gambling revenues, much more sensible way, Gambling, sports-betting revenues, size of the market, rise of gambling, vulnerable people, extreme measures, legal gambling, New York City, great American gambling boomBut, end of Prohibition, defining pleasures of our time, Black Sox scandal, direct result, singular event, kind of American bettor, American society, online sports, medical community, basic principle, Ordinary people, outbreak of the Russian Revolution, social crisis, Squid Game cryptocurrency, percent increase, sporting event, house money of the biggest house, Disney, real time, opening of Asian online gambling, Mark Pernice Gambling, entertainment dimension of sports, social costs, similar wave of gambling, little thing, teenage son’s friends, era of high-risk, quadrangular Palais Royal, sports gambling, Supreme Court, American sports, old expression, French Revolution, continuous process, big money, people’s private lives, revolutionary movement, most glittering tourist center of Europe, Law enforcement" itemID="#keywords"/><meta name="news_keywords" content="Total gambling revenues, much more sensible way, Gambling, sports-betting revenues, size of the market, rise of gambling, vulnerable people, extreme measures, legal gambling, New York City, great American gambling boomBut, end of Prohibition, defining pleasures of our time, Black Sox scandal, direct result, singular event, kind of American bettor, American society, online sports, medical community, basic principle, Ordinary people, outbreak of the Russian Revolution, social crisis, Squid Game cryptocurrency, percent increase, sporting event, house money of the biggest house, Disney, real time, opening of Asian online gambling, Mark Pernice Gambling, entertainment dimension of sports, social costs, similar wave of gambling, little thing, teenage son’s friends, era of high-risk, quadrangular Palais Royal, sports gambling, Supreme Court, American sports, old expression, French Revolution, continuous process, big money, people’s private lives, revolutionary movement, most glittering tourist center of Europe, Law enforcement"/><meta name="sailthru.title" content="America’s Gambling Addiction Is Metastasizing"/><meta name="sailthru.description" content="When life feels this precarious, it’s only natural to roll the dice on just about everything."/><meta name="sailthru.tags" content="ideas,author-stephen-marche"/><meta name="sailthru.date" content="2021-11-26T12:00:00Z"/><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/packages/fonts/garamond/AGaramondPro-Regular.woff2" crossorigin=""/><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/packages/fonts/graphik/Graphik-Regular-Web.woff2" crossorigin=""/><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/packages/fonts/graphik/Graphik-Semibold-Web.woff2" crossorigin=""/><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/packages/fonts/logic/LogicMonospace-Medium.woff2" crossorigin=""/><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/packages/fonts/logic/LogicMonospace-Regular.woff2" crossorigin=""/><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"America’s Gambling Addiction Is Metastasizing","alternativeHeadline":"America’s Gambling Addiction Is Metastasizing","description":"When life feels this precarious, it’s only natural to roll the dice on just about everything.","url":"https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/11/world-our-casino/620791/","datePublished":"2021-11-26T12:00:00Z","dateModified":"2022-11-11T14:24:45Z","isAccessibleForFree":false,"hasPart":{"@type":"WebPageElement","isAccessibleForFree":false,"cssSelector":".article-content-body"},"publisher":{"@id":"https://www.theatlantic.com/#publisher"},"mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/11/world-our-casino/620791/"},"image":[{"@type":"ImageObject","width":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","unitCode":"E37","value":960},"height":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","unitCode":"E37","value":540},"url":"https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/5WxzOoJlxnZAKuThg8xFeFgGIKI=/0x0:1280x720/960x540/media/img/mt/2021/11/The_Atlantic_atm_16x9/original.jpg"},{"@type":"ImageObject","width":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","unitCode":"E37","value":540},"height":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","unitCode":"E37","value":540},"url":"https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/44IyDtca1qLz2jJSgfWObH4pQEs=/280x0:1000x720/540x540/media/img/mt/2021/11/The_Atlantic_atm_16x9/original.jpg"}],"author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Stephen Marche","sameAs":"https://www.theatlantic.com/author/stephen-marche/"}],"articleSection":"Ideas"}</script><link rel="preload" as="image" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/bR2rdAChRdezsjuqX3wLb8VaOn0=/0x0:1920x2400/648x810/media/img/2021/11/24/The_Atlantic_casinoatm_F_vert/original.jpg" imageSrcSet="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/qvbSzokit_s93iIJqtcU8ukWw9M=/0x0:1920x2400/296x370/media/img/2021/11/24/The_Atlantic_casinoatm_F_vert/original.jpg 296w, https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/SdTw18CtEzz6x40IpkDnMeX2aUc=/0x0:1920x2400/311x389/media/img/2021/11/24/The_Atlantic_casinoatm_F_vert/original.jpg 311w, https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/iihAmwaXrzrRO37zA3mGNLe3gqw=/0x0:1920x2400/592x740/media/img/2021/11/24/The_Atlantic_casinoatm_F_vert/original.jpg 592w, https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/UZs9hJqClMMTOWaASt0PcrjeuPQ=/0x0:1920x2400/622x778/media/img/2021/11/24/The_Atlantic_casinoatm_F_vert/original.jpg 622w, https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/M39JUzpSWsVOvraMCBR9BvziuT0=/0x0:1920x2400/665x831/media/img/2021/11/24/The_Atlantic_casinoatm_F_vert/original.jpg 665w, https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/_nvCXCRcz4oSfQw-lGZlpoEpxJo=/0x0:1920x2400/960x1200/media/img/2021/11/24/The_Atlantic_casinoatm_F_vert/original.jpg 960w, https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/VKegqNEMnfwYXPKgbtydp_qUUxo=/0x0:1920x2400/1330x1663/media/img/2021/11/24/The_Atlantic_casinoatm_F_vert/original.jpg 1330w" imageSizes="(min-width: 1440px) 656px, (min-width:1024px) calc(50vw - 64px), (min-width: 768px) calc(50vw - 48px), (min-width: 375px) calc(100vw - 103px), (min-width: 320px) calc(100vw - 64px), calc(100vw - 48px)"/><meta name="next-head-count" content="64"/><link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/css/b95b4320f6718b0c.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/css/b95b4320f6718b0c.css" data-n-g=""/><link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/css/0b4366e1c8817ebe.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/css/0b4366e1c8817ebe.css" data-n-p=""/><link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/css/e10f1f1032756c59.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/css/e10f1f1032756c59.css" data-n-p=""/><link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/css/0a568afbc2554cc7.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/css/0a568afbc2554cc7.css" data-n-p=""/><link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/css/7e60642d630ed6f4.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/css/7e60642d630ed6f4.css" data-n-p=""/><link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/css/0a33952225252f86.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/css/0a33952225252f86.css" data-n-p=""/><link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/css/46047a12f0663966.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/css/46047a12f0663966.css"/><noscript data-n-css=""></noscript><link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/9587.03e639dfa3e4199a.js" as="script"/><link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/webpack-e382ce8573ce915d.js" as="script"/><link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/framework-ca706bf673a13738.js" as="script"/><link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/main-0611245ba93196be.js" as="script"/><link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/pages/_app-4a4521c8251e98ef.js" as="script"/><link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/6729-7978443139836095.js" as="script"/><link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/8286-b35c81576953924b.js" as="script"/><link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/436-aadfbd871a794704.js" as="script"/><link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/9843-267e63e874251a37.js" as="script"/><link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/899-448b91a629016ff2.js" as="script"/><link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/2912-ebf029ed4116b01f.js" as="script"/><link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/6772-2c0b832574392efa.js" as="script"/><link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/6392-1397c4f8500d73b6.js" as="script"/><link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/4947-607d15e1756278f9.js" as="script"/><link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/3297-543c6448c0812417.js" as="script"/><link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/365-09c3f00366a4c3f6.js" as="script"/><link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/8849-ca6c5b68c97b8238.js" as="script"/><link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/9310-d0d5baafd7a7f3b8.js" as="script"/><link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/4742-509dbec7680a76ec.js" as="script"/><link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/1730-999b0129269ea1cb.js" as="script"/><link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/2093-764360aebf316f7a.js" as="script"/><link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/5273-4d82a687024fdc4f.js" as="script"/><link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/2381-907c18d9ebbfaace.js" as="script"/><link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/pages/%5Bchannel%5D/archive/%5Byear%5D/%5Bmonth%5D/%5Bslug%5D/%5Bid%5D-6d3cbb2be5666618.js" as="script"/></head><body><div id="__next"><div data-event-surface="article"><div></div><nav class="Nav_root__HcZek" aria-labelledby="site-navigation" data-event-module="site nav" id="main-navigation"><div class="Nav_mainNav__iPsWc"><a href="#main-content" class="Nav_skipLink__P4Y5R">Skip to content</a><h2 id="site-navigation" class="Nav_visuallyHide__Lzzui">Site Navigation</h2><div class="Nav_flexContainer__9iJ4H"><ul class="Nav_leftContainer__Xs54R"><li class="Nav_navListItem__l2afO Nav_visuallyHideOnMobile__N9bs2"><a href="/" class="Nav_navLink__34Bol"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 87.83 134" class="Nav_bigA__c1aIb"><title>The Atlantic</title><path d="M24.48 95.13c-.56 0-.74-.37-.74-.93l13.08-55.88c.19-.94.93-.94 1.12 0L50.09 94.2c0 .56-.19.93-.75.93zM48.22.19a22.54 22.54 0 01-7.66 5.05c-.75.19-.94.37-1.13 1.12l-26.72 112.5c-2 9-4.67 10.66-11.77 11.22a.88.88 0 00-.94.93v2.06a.88.88 0 00.92.93h25.6a.88.88 0 00.93-.93V131a.88.88 0 00-.93-.93c-9.53 0-10.47-2.81-8.6-10.66l4.49-19.25a1.18 1.18 0 011.12-.93h26.74a1.19 1.19 0 011.13.93l5 23.18c1.12 5-.75 6.17-7.1 6.73a.88.88 0 00-.93.93v2.06a.88.88 0 00.93.93h37.62a.88.88 0 00.94-.93V131a.88.88 0 00-.94-.93c-5.79-.56-8.22-1.5-9.34-6.73L49.34.57c-.19-.56-.75-.75-1.12-.38"></path></svg></a></li><li class="Nav_navListItem__l2afO Nav_hamburgerLi__gP6Dn"><button class="NavHamburgerButton_root__OgJkB" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="expanded-nav" aria-label="Open Main Menu"><div class="NavHamburgerButton_burger__jIWmI"><div class="NavHamburgerButton_box__J5rDn"><div class="NavHamburgerButton_inner__dKlIy"></div></div></div></button><div class="Nav_expandedNav__o5Zj_"><div hidden="" class="ExpandedNav_root__r3hKE" id="expanded-nav"><div class="ExpandedNav_mobileHeader__QEenD" data-event-element="mobile links"><button class="ExpandedNav_searchButton__85mWm" aria-label="Search The Atlantic"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" class="ExpandedNav_searchIcon__2EngD"><path d="M15.85 15.15l-5.27-5.28a6 6 0 10-.71.71l5.28 5.27a.48.48 0 00.7 0 .48.48 0 000-.7zM1 6a5 5 0 115 5 5 5 0 01-5-5z"></path></svg></button><div><a class="ExpandedNav_mostPopular__EbSyn" href="/most-popular/">Popular</a><a class="ExpandedNav_latest__zSrBe" href="/latest/">Latest</a><a class="ExpandedNav_newsletters__W83ni" href="/newsletters/">Newsletters</a></div></div><div class="ExpandedNav_container__sDhOz"><div class="ExpandedNav_sections__oGeXo" data-event-element="sections"><h2 class="ExpandedNav_title__C8QcN ExpandedNav_sectionTitle___xWBI">Sections</h2><ul class="ExpandedNav_sectionUl__mLUY1"><li class="ExpandedNav_sectionLi__tZz7K"><a href="/politics/" class="ExpandedNav_sectionLink__3iXo9">Politics</a></li><li class="ExpandedNav_sectionLi__tZz7K"><a href="/ideas/" class="ExpandedNav_sectionLink__3iXo9">Ideas</a></li><li class="ExpandedNav_sectionLi__tZz7K"><a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/category/fiction/" class="ExpandedNav_sectionLink__3iXo9">Fiction</a></li><li class="ExpandedNav_sectionLi__tZz7K"><a href="/technology/" class="ExpandedNav_sectionLink__3iXo9">Technology</a></li><li class="ExpandedNav_sectionLi__tZz7K"><a href="/science/" class="ExpandedNav_sectionLink__3iXo9">Science</a></li><li class="ExpandedNav_sectionLi__tZz7K"><a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/" class="ExpandedNav_sectionLink__3iXo9">Photo</a></li><li class="ExpandedNav_sectionLi__tZz7K"><a href="/economy/" class="ExpandedNav_sectionLink__3iXo9">Economy</a></li><li class="ExpandedNav_sectionLi__tZz7K"><a href="/culture/" class="ExpandedNav_sectionLink__3iXo9">Culture</a></li><li class="ExpandedNav_sectionLi__tZz7K"><a href="/projects/planet/" class="ExpandedNav_sectionLink__3iXo9">Planet</a></li><li class="ExpandedNav_sectionLi__tZz7K"><a href="/international/" class="ExpandedNav_sectionLink__3iXo9">Global</a></li><li class="ExpandedNav_sectionLi__tZz7K"><a href="/books/" class="ExpandedNav_sectionLink__3iXo9">Books</a></li><li class="ExpandedNav_sectionLi__tZz7K"><a href="/audio/" class="ExpandedNav_sectionLink__3iXo9">Audio</a></li><li class="ExpandedNav_sectionLi__tZz7K"><a href="/health/" class="ExpandedNav_sectionLink__3iXo9">Health</a></li><li class="ExpandedNav_sectionLi__tZz7K"><a href="/education/" class="ExpandedNav_sectionLink__3iXo9">Education</a></li><li class="ExpandedNav_sectionLi__tZz7K"><a href="/projects/" class="ExpandedNav_sectionLink__3iXo9">Projects</a></li><li class="ExpandedNav_sectionLi__tZz7K"><a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/category/features/" class="ExpandedNav_sectionLink__3iXo9">Features</a></li><li class="ExpandedNav_sectionLi__tZz7K"><a href="/family/" class="ExpandedNav_sectionLink__3iXo9">Family</a></li><li class="ExpandedNav_sectionLi__tZz7K"><a href="/events/" class="ExpandedNav_sectionLink__3iXo9">Events</a></li><li class="ExpandedNav_sectionLi__tZz7K"><a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/category/washington-week-atlantic/" class="ExpandedNav_sectionLink__3iXo9">Washington Week</a></li><li class="ExpandedNav_sectionLi__tZz7K"><a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/progress/" class="ExpandedNav_sectionLink__3iXo9">Progress</a></li><li class="ExpandedNav_sectionLi__tZz7K"><a href="/newsletters/" class="ExpandedNav_sectionLink__3iXo9">Newsletters</a></li></ul></div><div class="ExpandedNav_moreLinks__G4VPb" data-event-element="more links"><ul class="ExpandedNav_moreLinksList__u0bVY"><li class="ExpandedNav_moreLinksListItem__UrTkv"><a href="/archive/" class="ExpandedNav_moreLinksItem__JhFzM"><img alt="" loading="lazy" class="Image_root__XxsOp Image_lazy__hYWHV ExpandedNav_moreLinksImg__IY3fl" src="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/images/nav-archive-promo-5541b02ae92f1a9276249e1c6c2534ee.png" width="80" height="80"/><span>Explore The Atlantic Archive</span></a></li><li class="ExpandedNav_moreLinksListItem__UrTkv"><a href="/free-daily-crossword-puzzle/" class="ExpandedNav_moreLinksItem__JhFzM"><svg width="80" height="80" viewBox="0 0 64 64" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="ExpandedNav_moreLinksImg__IY3fl"><g clip-path="url(#crossword-promo_svg__clip0_1939_66324)"><path fill="#E7131A" d="M0 0h64v64H0z"></path><path d="M37.988 26.531H26.516v11.474h11.472V26.53zM37.988 38.805H26.516V50.28h11.472V38.805zM25.715 26.531H14.243v11.474h11.472V26.53zM50.26 26.531H38.789v11.474h11.473V26.53zM36.469 16.842c.096.183.156.39.156.612a1.326 1.326 0 11-1.326-1.327c.197 0 .384.047.552.124.167-.464.303-1.137.338-1.993h-5.287c-.039.968-.217 1.908-.527 2.584.096.183.156.39.156.612a1.326 1.326 0 11-1.327-1.327c.198 0 .384.047.552.124.167-.464.303-1.137.339-1.993h-3.58v11.474h11.472V14.258h-.992c-.038.968-.216 1.908-.526 2.584z" fill="#fff"></path><path d="M47.487 17.853a.4.4 0 010-.8c.135 0 .36-.27.552-.803a1.313 1.313 0 00-.552-.124 1.326 1.326 0 101.326 1.327c0-.222-.06-.428-.156-.612-.282.615-.674 1.012-1.17 1.012zM41.393 17.853a.4.4 0 010-.8c.135 0 .36-.27.552-.803a1.313 1.313 0 00-.552-.124 1.326 1.326 0 101.326 1.327c0-.222-.06-.428-.156-.612-.282.615-.673 1.012-1.17 1.012zM35.298 17.853a.4.4 0 010-.8c.135 0 .36-.27.552-.803a1.313 1.313 0 00-.552-.124 1.326 1.326 0 101.326 1.327c0-.222-.06-.428-.156-.612-.282.615-.673 1.012-1.17 1.012zM29.204 17.853a.4.4 0 010-.8c.136 0 .36-.27.552-.803a1.313 1.313 0 00-.552-.124 1.326 1.326 0 101.327 1.327c0-.222-.06-.428-.156-.612-.282.615-.673 1.012-1.17 1.012zM23.11 17.853a.4.4 0 010-.8c.135 0 .36-.27.552-.803a1.313 1.313 0 00-.552-.124 1.326 1.326 0 101.326 1.327c0-.222-.06-.428-.156-.612-.282.615-.673 1.012-1.17 1.012zM17.016 17.853a.4.4 0 010-.8c.135 0 .36-.27.552-.803a1.313 1.313 0 00-.552-.124 1.326 1.326 0 101.326 1.327c0-.222-.06-.428-.156-.612-.282.615-.672 1.012-1.17 1.012z" fill="#E7131A"></path><path d="M50.66 13.458h-1.476c-.072-1.85-.652-3.605-1.698-3.605-1.045 0-1.624 1.753-1.697 3.605h-2.7c-.071-1.85-.651-3.605-1.698-3.605-1.045 0-1.624 1.753-1.697 3.605h-2.7c-.072-1.85-.652-3.605-1.698-3.605-1.045 0-1.624 1.753-1.697 3.605H30.9c-.072-1.85-.652-3.605-1.698-3.605-1.045 0-1.624 1.753-1.697 3.605h-2.697c-.072-1.85-.652-3.605-1.698-3.605-1.045 0-1.624 1.753-1.697 3.605h-2.7c-.071-1.85-.651-3.605-1.698-3.605-1.045 0-1.624 1.753-1.697 3.605h-1.476a.4.4 0 00-.4.4V50.68c0 .22.18.4.4.4H50.66a.4.4 0 00.4-.4V13.858c0-.221-.178-.4-.4-.4zm-20.565.8c-.035.855-.171 1.528-.338 1.992-.192.532-.417.803-.552.803a.4.4 0 000 .8c.497 0 .888-.398 1.17-1.012.31-.676.488-1.616.527-2.583h5.288c-.036.855-.172 1.528-.339 1.992-.192.532-.417.803-.552.803a.4.4 0 000 .8c.498 0 .888-.398 1.17-1.012.311-.676.489-1.616.528-2.583h.992V25.73H26.515V14.258h3.58zm20.166 23.747H38.788V26.53h11.473v11.474zM14.243 26.53h11.472v11.474H14.243V26.53zm34.57-9.078a1.326 1.326 0 11-1.327-1.327c.198 0 .384.047.552.124-.192.532-.416.803-.552.803a.4.4 0 000 .8c.498 0 .888-.398 1.17-1.012.097.184.157.39.157.612zm-7.42.4c.497 0 .888-.398 1.17-1.012.096.183.156.39.156.612a1.326 1.326 0 11-1.326-1.327c.197 0 .384.047.552.124-.192.532-.417.803-.552.803a.4.4 0 000 .8zm-3.405 20.152H26.515V26.53h11.473v11.474zM24.436 17.453a1.326 1.326 0 11-1.326-1.327c.197 0 .384.047.552.124-.192.532-.417.803-.552.803a.4.4 0 000 .8c.497 0 .888-.398 1.17-1.012.097.184.156.39.156.612zm-6.094 0a1.326 1.326 0 11-1.326-1.327c.198 0 .384.047.552.124-.192.532-.417.803-.552.803a.4.4 0 000 .8c.498 0 .888-.398 1.17-1.012.097.184.156.39.156.612zm8.173 21.352h11.473V50.28H26.515V38.805zm20.971-28.152c.253 0 .817.96.892 2.805h-1.782c.075-1.844.638-2.805.89-2.805zm-6.093 0c.253 0 .817.96.891 2.805h-1.782c.076-1.844.638-2.805.89-2.805zm-6.095 0c.253 0 .817.96.892 2.805h-1.782c.075-1.844.638-2.805.89-2.805zm-6.094 0c.253 0 .817.96.891 2.805h-1.781c.075-1.844.637-2.805.89-2.805zm-6.094 0c.252 0 .816.96.89 2.805h-1.78c.074-1.844.637-2.805.89-2.805zm-6.094 0c.253 0 .817.96.891 2.805h-1.781c.075-1.844.637-2.805.89-2.805z" fill="#000"></path></g><defs><clipPath id="crossword-promo_svg__clip0_1939_66324"><path fill="#fff" d="M0 0h64v64H0z"></path></clipPath></defs></svg><span>Play The Atlantic crossword</span></a></li><li class="ExpandedNav_moreLinksListItem__UrTkv"><a href="/audio/" class="ExpandedNav_moreLinksItem__JhFzM"><svg width="80" height="80" viewBox="0 0 64 64" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="ExpandedNav_moreLinksImg__IY3fl"><path fill="#FAF4EB" d="M0 0h63.998v64H0z"></path><path d="M25.267 31.27h-1.171v12.138h1.17a.392.392 0 00.393-.392V31.662a.392.392 0 00-.392-.393v.002zM38.34 31.662v11.354c0 .217.175.392.392.392h1.171V31.271h-1.17a.392.392 0 00-.393.392v-.002z" fill="#000"></path><path d="M44.605 33.479c.106-.69.163-1.398.163-2.12 0-7.343-5.718-13.296-12.77-13.296-7.05 0-12.768 5.953-12.768 13.296 0 .722.057 1.429.163 2.12l-1.413.58v6.56l2.033.834a3.194 3.194 0 001.586 1.65c.411.193.869.305 1.353.305h.34V31.271h-.34c-.174 0-.345.017-.511.044a3.14 3.14 0 00-1.236.48c-.005-.145-.011-.289-.011-.434 0-6.25 4.847-11.334 10.805-11.334 5.958 0 10.805 5.085 10.805 11.334 0 .145-.005.29-.01.433a3.163 3.163 0 00-1.748-.523h-.34v12.137h.34a3.197 3.197 0 002.939-1.953l2.033-.835v-6.56l-1.413-.58v-.001zM35.71 49.806a.498.498 0 100 .997.498.498 0 000-.997zM30.235 50.8a.498.498 0 100-.996.498.498 0 000 .997zM28.059 48.218a.498.498 0 100 .997.498.498 0 000-.997zM32.104 50.072a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .997zM33.105 47.731a.498.498 0 100 .997.498.498 0 000-.997zM29.675 48.09a.498.498 0 10.996 0 .498.498 0 00-.996 0zM35.71 48.156a.498.498 0 10-.997 0 .498.498 0 00.997 0zM37.508 49.085a.498.498 0 100 .996.498.498 0 000-.996zM39 47.336a.498.498 0 100 .996.498.498 0 000-.996zM39.159 45.754a.498.498 0 100 .996.498.498 0 000-.996zM40.74 46.07a.498.498 0 100 .997.498.498 0 000-.997zM40.266 44.33a.498.498 0 100 .997.498.498 0 000-.997zM34.47 49.983a.498.498 0 10-.996 0 .498.498 0 00.997 0zM27.746 51.075a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .997zM29.736 51.668a.498.498 0 100 .996.498.498 0 000-.996zM32.375 52.8a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .997zM48.894 42.2a.498.498 0 100 .997.498.498 0 000-.997zM50.794 25.623a.497.497 0 10.7.082.497.497 0 00-.7-.082zM50.32 27.679a.497.497 0 10.7.082.497.497 0 00-.7-.082zM48.52 25.229a.497.497 0 10.78-.614.497.497 0 00-.78.614zM48.809 20.633a.498.498 0 10.616.781.498.498 0 00-.616-.781zM52.468 24.48a.497.497 0 10.78-.614.497.497 0 00-.78.615zM54.84 24.769a.498.498 0 10.617.781.498.498 0 00-.616-.781zM55.338 27.141a.497.497 0 10.782-.617.497.497 0 10-.782.617zM53.817 27.018a.497.497 0 10-.781.614.497.497 0 00.781-.614zM57.145 29.216a.498.498 0 10-.616-.781.498.498 0 00.616.781zM55.064 23.779a.498.498 0 10-.617-.782.498.498 0 00.617.782zM40.054 13.142a.498.498 0 10-.617-.781.498.498 0 00.617.781zM53.735 21.578a.498.498 0 10-.616-.78.498.498 0 00.616.78zM55.85 31.981a.497.497 0 10-.78.614.497.497 0 00.78-.614zM54.84 33.58a.498.498 0 10.617.781.498.498 0 00-.616-.78zM56.316 35.18a.497.497 0 10.617.784.497.497 0 00-.617-.783zM55.966 37.762a.498.498 0 10.616.781.498.498 0 00-.616-.781zM56.498 33.18a.498.498 0 10.617.781.498.498 0 00-.617-.781zM53.13 41.909a.498.498 0 10.617.78.498.498 0 00-.617-.78zM42.078 49.183a.498.498 0 10.617.781.498.498 0 00-.617-.781zM40.255 50.41a.498.498 0 10.616.782.498.498 0 00-.616-.782zM36.42 51.49a.498.498 0 10.618.782.498.498 0 00-.617-.782zM33.851 51.728a.498.498 0 10.617.78.498.498 0 00-.617-.78zM38.312 50.842a.498.498 0 10.616.781.498.498 0 00-.616-.78zM50.653 43.918a.498.498 0 10-.617-.78.498.498 0 00.617.78zM50.393 44.936a.498.498 0 10.616.782.498.498 0 00-.616-.782zM57.489 31.298a.497.497 0 10-.782.617.497.497 0 10.782-.617zM51.652 19.689a.497.497 0 10-.617-.784.497.497 0 00.617.784zM51.154 21.688a.498.498 0 10-.616-.782.498.498 0 00.616.782zM48.69 19.641a.497.497 0 10.781-.614.497.497 0 00-.781.614zM48.465 17.63a.498.498 0 10-.617-.782.498.498 0 00.617.781zM46.498 16.596a.5.5 0 00.554-.435.5.5 0 00-.99-.118.5.5 0 00.436.553zM46.244 18.243a.5.5 0 00.435.554.5.5 0 00.554-.436.5.5 0 00-.435-.553.5.5 0 00-.554.435zM45.325 15.307a.5.5 0 00.554-.435.5.5 0 00-.989-.118.5.5 0 00.435.553zM42.096 13.917a.5.5 0 00.554-.435.5.5 0 00-.435-.553.5.5 0 00-.554.434.5.5 0 00.435.554zM49.606 18.61a.5.5 0 00.554-.435.5.5 0 00-.989-.119.5.5 0 00.435.554zM45.478 17.63a.498.498 0 10-.616-.782.498.498 0 00.616.781zM43.392 17.311a.497.497 0 10-.782.617.497.497 0 10.782-.617zM54.34 36.596a.498.498 0 10.781-.618.498.498 0 00-.782.618zM53.384 36.69a.498.498 0 10-.617-.782.498.498 0 00.617.782zM51.95 37.01a.497.497 0 10-.7-.082c.172.217.483.253.7.083zM53.176 31.27a.498.498 0 10.616.782.498.498 0 00-.616-.781zM54.792 30.407a.498.498 0 10.616.782.498.498 0 00-.616-.782zM52.13 32.454a.498.498 0 10.617.781.498.498 0 00-.617-.781zM53.656 35.098a.498.498 0 10-.616-.781.498.498 0 00.616.781zM53.384 30.417a.498.498 0 10-.617-.782.498.498 0 00.617.782zM54.654 28.826a.498.498 0 10-.616-.782.498.498 0 00.616.782zM51.187 31.662a.497.497 0 10-.781.616.497.497 0 10.781-.616zM48.774 26.268a.497.497 0 10.7.082.497.497 0 00-.7-.082zM49.475 29.322a.498.498 0 10-.617-.781.498.498 0 00.617.781zM49.974 33.465a.498.498 0 10-.617-.782.498.498 0 00.617.782zM50.242 35.438a.498.498 0 10-.616-.78.498.498 0 00.616.78zM48.915 34.097a.497.497 0 10-.662.742.497.497 0 00.662-.742zM47.957 35.54a.497.497 0 10-.662.743.497.497 0 10.662-.743zM47.582 37.525a.497.497 0 10-.662.743.497.497 0 10.662-.743zM51.792 34.599a.498.498 0 10-.617-.782.498.498 0 00.617.782zM49.54 29.909a.498.498 0 10.617.781.498.498 0 00-.617-.781zM52.032 28.215a.498.498 0 10.617.78.498.498 0 00-.617-.78zM53.158 26.426a.497.497 0 10-.7-.082c.171.217.483.253.7.082zM48.578 32.179a.498.498 0 10-.617-.782.498.498 0 00.617.782zM50.89 30.403a.5.5 0 00.988.118.5.5 0 00-.989-.118zM46.624 25.265a.498.498 0 10.617.78.498.498 0 00-.617-.78z" fill="#000"></path><path d="M45.827 31.83a.497.497 0 10.7.082.497.497 0 00-.7-.083zM47.58 33.16a.497.497 0 10-.781.613.497.497 0 00.781-.614zM47.74 27.738a.498.498 0 10-.616-.782.498.498 0 00.616.782zM47.95 30.243a.5.5 0 00-.99-.119.5.5 0 00.99.119zM46.367 30.243a.5.5 0 00-.99-.119.5.5 0 00.99.119zM46.683 28.345a.5.5 0 00-.99-.119.5.5 0 00.99.119zM45.734 26.921a.5.5 0 00-.99-.118.5.5 0 00.99.118zM51.545 23.233a.497.497 0 10.781-.614.497.497 0 00-.781.614zM6.538 28.26a.499.499 0 10.51-.853.499.499 0 00-.51.852zM7.67 26.127a.499.499 0 10.51-.854.499.499 0 00-.51.854zM22.566 14.925a.499.499 0 10.51-.853.499.499 0 00-.51.853zM14.93 46.545a.499.499 0 10-.51.854.499.499 0 00.51-.854zM14.43 45.648a.499.499 0 10-.856-.512.499.499 0 00.856.512zM8.545 24.343a.499.499 0 10.51-.853.499.499 0 00-.51.853zM9.538 22.678a.5.5 0 10.51-.853.5.5 0 00-.51.853zM8.556 29.822a.499.499 0 10-.856-.512.499.499 0 00.856.512zM17.15 16.267a.498.498 0 10-.616-.781.498.498 0 00.616.781zM6.896 33.144a.498.498 0 10-.616-.782.498.498 0 00.616.782zM9.125 33.325a.498.498 0 10-.616-.781.498.498 0 00.616.781zM7.207 34.31a.498.498 0 10-.782.617.498.498 0 00.782-.618zM15.916 46.436a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .997zM16.595 48.48a.498.498 0 100-.996.498.498 0 000 .997zM18.442 49.436a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .997zM13.869 18.485a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .997zM18.393 15.409a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .997zM21.04 14.363a.497.497 0 10-.701-.704.497.497 0 00.702.704zM25.524 12.75a.497.497 0 10-.702-.704.497.497 0 00.702.704zM28.182 12.285a.497.497 0 10-.702-.704.497.497 0 00.702.704zM18.673 47.005a.498.498 0 10-.997 0 .498.498 0 00.997 0zM12.707 42.075a.498.498 0 10-.001.997.498.498 0 000-.997zM12.512 39.8a.498.498 0 10-.07-.993.498.498 0 00.07.994zM10.954 40.65a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .997zM11.492 41.112a.498.498 0 100 .996.498.498 0 000-.996zM9.543 41.143a.498.498 0 100 .997.498.498 0 000-.997zM14.316 40.844a.498.498 0 10-.996 0 .498.498 0 00.996 0zM13.704 38.478a.498.498 0 100-.996.498.498 0 000 .996zM15.03 36.2a.498.498 0 10-.997 0 .498.498 0 00.997 0zM14.652 33.933a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .997zM11.635 35.752a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .997zM12.41 33.66a.498.498 0 100-.996.498.498 0 000 .997zM8.618 37.754a.498.498 0 10-.996 0 .498.498 0 00.996 0zM8.329 39.347a.498.498 0 100 .996.498.498 0 000-.996zM11.083 38.577a.498.498 0 10-.997 0 .498.498 0 00.997 0zM10.124 37.434a.498.498 0 100-.996.498.498 0 000 .996zM7.317 36.843a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .997zM12.525 37.447a.497.497 0 10-.702-.704.497.497 0 00.702.704zM12.242 29.982a.498.498 0 100 .996.498.498 0 000-.996zM9.54 35.253a.498.498 0 10-.997 0 .498.498 0 00.997 0zM11.192 33.647a.498.498 0 10-.996 0 .498.498 0 00.996 0zM15.171 28.82a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .996zM17.296 28.661a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .997zM16.7 29.59a.498.498 0 10-.997 0 .498.498 0 00.996 0zM18.282 30.064a.498.498 0 10-.996 0 .498.498 0 00.996 0zM19.386 21.03a.498.498 0 100 .996.498.498 0 000-.996zM17.714 32.372a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .997zM16.665 33.488a.498.498 0 100-.996.498.498 0 000 .996zM16.225 35.07a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .997zM16.665 36.63a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .996zM11.908 25.748a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .997zM15.123 21.001a.498.498 0 100 .997.498.498 0 000-.997zM15.047 20.157a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .997zM16.58 18.614a.498.498 0 100-.996.498.498 0 000 .997zM15.621 17.62a.498.498 0 10.001-.997.498.498 0 000 .997zM13.37 20.775a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .997zM11.91 20.248a.498.498 0 10.001-.996.498.498 0 000 .996zM11.35 21.843a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .997zM14.343 26.426a.498.498 0 100-.996.498.498 0 000 .996zM13.206 25.16a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .996zM11.76 27.034a.498.498 0 10.997 0 .498.498 0 00-.996 0zM9.499 25.113a.498.498 0 10.997 0 .498.498 0 00-.997 0zM13.357 22.923a.498.498 0 10-.07-.994.498.498 0 00.07.994zM11.248 23.943a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .997zM9.829 30.444a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .997zM6.477 30.706a.498.498 0 100-.996.498.498 0 000 .996zM40.136 14a.5.5 0 10.857.513.5.5 0 00-.857-.512zM39.218 15.744a.499.499 0 10.51-.853.499.499 0 00-.51.853zM39.038 17.507a.499.499 0 10.51-.853.499.499 0 00-.51.853zM37.456 17.982a.499.499 0 10.51-.853.499.499 0 00-.51.853zM41.253 15.885a.499.499 0 10.51-.854.499.499 0 00-.51.854zM41.353 17.536a.499.499 0 10-.857-.512.499.499 0 00.857.512zM8.566 31.717a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .997zM9.944 31.593a.498.498 0 10.997 0 .498.498 0 00-.997 0zM11.185 29.07a.498.498 0 10.996 0 .498.498 0 00-.996 0zM8.995 27.706a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .997zM10.51 28.41a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .997zM13.48 29.227a.498.498 0 10.001-.996.498.498 0 000 .996zM15.417 32.092a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .997zM13.704 32.215a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .997zM14.501 30.37a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .996zM44.77 48.378a.498.498 0 00-.518.85.498.498 0 00.518-.85zM44.012 45.958a.499.499 0 00.517-.85.498.498 0 00-.517.85zM42.917 46.809a.498.498 0 10-.851-.517.498.498 0 00.851.517zM46.904 44.45a.498.498 0 10.516-.849.498.498 0 00-.517.85zM46.057 44.471a.498.498 0 10-.852-.516.498.498 0 00.852.516zM44.79 43.206a.498.498 0 10-.851-.517.498.498 0 00.851.517zM46.407 46.65a.498.498 0 10-.852-.516.498.498 0 00.852.517zM44.657 47.563a.498.498 0 10-.852-.516.498.498 0 00.852.516zM46.963 47.375a.498.498 0 00-.517.85.498.498 0 00.517-.85zM39.595 48.876a.498.498 0 00-.518.85.498.498 0 00.518-.85zM41.32 47.967a.498.498 0 00-.517.849.498.498 0 00.517-.85zM36.547 47.83a.498.498 0 10.851.517.498.498 0 00-.851-.516zM33.264 45.833a.498.498 0 100 .997.498.498 0 000-.997zM35.394 45.468a.498.498 0 10-.997 0 .498.498 0 00.997 0zM36.23 46.249a.498.498 0 10.852.517.498.498 0 00-.852-.517zM37.813 44.351a.498.498 0 10.852.517.498.498 0 00-.852-.517zM47.713 45.044a.498.498 0 00-.517.85.498.498 0 00.517-.85zM49.34 44.473a.499.499 0 00-.518.85.498.498 0 00.518-.85zM48.94 46.502a.498.498 0 10-.516.849.498.498 0 00.516-.849zM50.182 41.493a.498.498 0 10.347.933.498.498 0 00-.347-.933zM49.576 40.558a.498.498 0 10-.934.348.498.498 0 00.934-.348zM46.79 42.667a.498.498 0 10-.346-.933.498.498 0 00.347.933zM47.899 39.962a.498.498 0 10-.933.348.498.498 0 00.933-.348zM51.826 41.47a.497.497 0 10-.346-.932.497.497 0 00.346.933zM49.417 38.224a.498.498 0 10-.933.347.498.498 0 00.933-.347zM50.899 38.714a.498.498 0 10-.933.348.498.498 0 00.933-.348zM49.917 36.489a.498.498 0 10-.934.348.498.498 0 00.934-.348zM51.808 37.923a.498.498 0 10.347.933.498.498 0 00-.347-.933zM25.17 15.247a.498.498 0 100-.996.498.498 0 000 .996zM25.17 16.549a.498.498 0 10.998 0 .498.498 0 00-.997 0zM41.896 19.856a.498.498 0 10-.996 0 .498.498 0 00.996 0zM43.262 18.78a.498.498 0 100 .996.498.498 0 000-.997zM52.1 43.393a.498.498 0 10-.414.906.498.498 0 00.414-.906zM54.618 40.212a.496.496 0 00-.494.501.496.496 0 00.502.494.496.496 0 00.494-.502.496.496 0 00-.502-.493zM54.758 37.561a.496.496 0 00-.493.501.496.496 0 00.501.494.496.496 0 00.494-.502.496.496 0 00-.502-.493zM53.63 39.454a.496.496 0 00-.502-.493.497.497 0 10.502.494zM15.092 23.477a.498.498 0 10.347.932.498.498 0 00-.347-.932zM16.58 20.122a.498.498 0 10.996 0 .498.498 0 00-.997 0zM15.584 26.195a.498.498 0 10.997 0 .498.498 0 00-.997 0zM18.37 27.473a.498.498 0 100-.996.498.498 0 000 .996zM17.454 22.898a.498.498 0 100 .996.498.498 0 000-.996zM17.454 24.796a.498.498 0 100 .996.498.498 0 000-.996zM19.924 19.307a.498.498 0 100 .997.498.498 0 000-.997zM18.988 23.441a.498.498 0 10-.07-.994.498.498 0 00.07.994zM16.878 21.428a.498.498 0 100 .997.498.498 0 000-.997zM30.591 13.057a.497.497 0 10.346.932.497.497 0 00-.346-.932zM30.323 15.714a.498.498 0 10-.346-.933.498.498 0 00.346.933zM32.607 12.294a.498.498 0 100-.996.498.498 0 000 .996zM27.075 16.225a.498.498 0 10.933-.348.498.498 0 00-.933.348zM32.284 16.261a.498.498 0 10-.347-.933.498.498 0 00.347.933zM36.416 13.586a.499.499 0 10-.71-.699.499.499 0 00.71.7zM37.33 12.522a.499.499 0 10-.712-.7.499.499 0 00.712.7zM35.19 12.328a.499.499 0 10-.71-.7.499.499 0 00.71.7zM35.425 16.1a.499.499 0 10.697-.709.499.499 0 00-.697.709zM37.708 15.619a.499.499 0 10-.712-.7.499.499 0 00.712.7zM37.516 14.336a.499.499 0 10.697-.708.499.499 0 00-.697.708zM32.283 13.41a.499.499 0 10.711.7.499.499 0 00-.711-.7zM43.28 15.606a.499.499 0 10.71.7.499.499 0 00-.71-.7zM43.688 14.83a.499.499 0 10-.711-.7.499.499 0 00.71.7zM34.645 14.847a.499.499 0 10-.711-.699.499.499 0 00.711.7zM22.876 13.54a.499.499 0 10.51-.854.499.499 0 00-.51.855zM26.427 13.996a.499.499 0 10.51-.853.499.499 0 00-.51.853zM28.11 13.745a.499.499 0 10.857.511.499.499 0 00-.856-.511zM30.125 12.127a.499.499 0 10.51-.853.499.499 0 00-.51.853zM19.727 46.404a.498.498 0 10.139-.688.497.497 0 00-.14.69v-.002zM21.264 16.28a.498.498 0 10.584-.807.498.498 0 00-.584.807zM23.283 17.712a.497.497 0 10-.806-.584.497.497 0 00.806.584zM21.883 20.704a.497.497 0 10-.806-.584.497.497 0 00.806.584zM22.367 18.346a.498.498 0 10-.584.806.498.498 0 00.584-.806zM23.632 19.295a.498.498 0 10-.583.806.498.498 0 00.583-.806zM21.258 21.825a.498.498 0 10-.583.807.498.498 0 00.583-.807zM19.194 44.97a.498.498 0 10-.984-.156.498.498 0 00.984.155zM17.093 44.084a.498.498 0 10-.156.983.498.498 0 00.156-.983zM18.877 43.184a.498.498 0 10.156-.983.498.498 0 00-.156.983zM19.72 47.355a.498.498 0 10-.156.983.498.498 0 00.156-.983zM13.898 44.147a.498.498 0 10.156-.983.498.498 0 00-.156.983zM11.166 43.092a.498.498 0 10-.156.983.498.498 0 00.156-.983zM12.732 44.693a.497.497 0 10-.643.758.497.497 0 00.643-.758zM25.903 49.082a.498.498 0 10-.156.983.498.498 0 00.156-.983zM25.294 48.085a.497.497 0 10.983.156.497.497 0 00-.983-.156zM24.187 46.662a.498.498 0 10.983.155.498.498 0 00-.983-.155zM25.294 45.397a.498.498 0 10.983.155.498.498 0 00-.983-.155zM26.56 43.657a.498.498 0 10.983.155.498.498 0 00-.983-.155zM26.718 47.136a.498.498 0 10.983.156.498.498 0 00-.983-.156zM27.826 45.397a.498.498 0 10.983.155.498.498 0 00-.983-.155zM29.567 46.187a.497.497 0 10.982.156.497.497 0 00-.982-.156zM31.308 45.238a.498.498 0 10.983.156.498.498 0 00-.983-.156zM31.308 47.294a.498.498 0 10.983.156.498.498 0 00-.983-.156zM26.826 51.355a.498.498 0 10-.156.983.498.498 0 00.156-.983zM30.548 44.587a.498.498 0 10-.997 0 .498.498 0 00.997 0zM29.282 42.847a.498.498 0 10-.996 0 .498.498 0 00.996 0zM29.575 38.505a.498.498 0 100-.996.498.498 0 000 .996zM31.662 35.834a.498.498 0 10-.997 0 .498.498 0 00.997 0zM30.306 40.375a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .997zM32.148 40.878a.498.498 0 10-.996 0 .498.498 0 00.996 0zM31.79 37.449a.498.498 0 100 .996.498.498 0 000-.996zM31.722 43.48a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .997zM30.529 42.559a.498.498 0 100-.996.498.498 0 000 .996zM29.302 36.017a.498.498 0 100-.996.498.498 0 000 .996zM28.369 37.669a.498.498 0 10-.997 0 .498.498 0 00.997 0zM28.526 40.805a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .997zM26.943 39.856a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .997zM27.832 41.465a.497.497 0 10-.782.616.497.497 0 10.782-.617zM34.047 41.036a.498.498 0 10-.997 0 .498.498 0 00.997 0zM34.413 43.321a.498.498 0 100-.996.498.498 0 000 .996zM33.305 44.903a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .997zM36.224 34.494a.498.498 0 10-.156.983.498.498 0 00.156-.983zM32.743 34.494a.498.498 0 10-.156.983.498.498 0 00.156-.983zM34.484 35.601a.498.498 0 10-.156.984.498.498 0 00.156-.984zM33.692 37.341a.498.498 0 10-.156.984.498.498 0 00.156-.984zM34.642 39.081a.498.498 0 10-.156.983.498.498 0 00.156-.983zM32.585 39.081a.498.498 0 10-.156.983.498.498 0 00.156-.983zM27.256 36.342a.498.498 0 10-.983-.156.498.498 0 00.983.156zM27.732 34.76a.498.498 0 10-.983-.156.498.498 0 00.983.156zM24.091 50.586a.497.497 0 10.2.974.497.497 0 00-.2-.974zM18.644 19.065a.498.498 0 100-.996.498.498 0 000 .996zM20.551 18.461a.498.498 0 100-.996.498.498 0 000 .996zM23.87 48.901a.498.498 0 10-.993.073.498.498 0 00.993-.073zM22.269 50.1a.498.498 0 10.072.994.498.498 0 00-.072-.994zM20.79 49.487a.498.498 0 10.072.993.498.498 0 00-.072-.993zM22.41 47.385a.498.498 0 10.994-.073.498.498 0 00-.993.073zM21.18 47.61a.498.498 0 10.072.994.498.498 0 00-.072-.993zM18.676 16.562a.498.498 0 10.934-.348.498.498 0 00-.934.348zM14.854 39.586a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .997zM15.8 43.505a.498.498 0 10-.072-.993.498.498 0 00.072.993zM17.084 40.175a.498.498 0 10-.991-.098.498.498 0 00.991.098zM16.189 38.41a.498.498 0 100-.996.498.498 0 000 .996zM15.417 41.84a.498.498 0 100-.996.498.498 0 000 .997zM17.218 42.632a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .997zM13.37 35.253a.498.498 0 100-.996.498.498 0 000 .996zM49.084 22.632a.498.498 0 10.617.781.498.498 0 00-.617-.781zM50.237 24.878a.497.497 0 10.782-.614.497.497 0 00-.782.614zM45.455 19.456a.498.498 0 10-.616-.781.498.498 0 00.616.781zM47.968 22.41a.498.498 0 10-.616-.78.498.498 0 00.616.78zM44.428 24.595a.498.498 0 10.616.781.498.498 0 00-.616-.781zM46.643 19.785a.498.498 0 10.616.781.498.498 0 00-.616-.781zM43.84 20.982a.497.497 0 10.781-.617.497.497 0 10-.781.617zM45.445 23.155a.498.498 0 10.617.782.498.498 0 00-.617-.782zM47.057 24.12a.497.497 0 10.781-.614.497.497 0 00-.781.614zM45.431 22.146a.497.497 0 10.782-.617.497.497 0 10-.782.617zM23.47 16.052a.498.498 0 10.997 0 .498.498 0 00-.996 0z" fill="#000"></path><path d="M32 9.223C16.56 9.223 4 19.44 4 32s12.56 22.777 28 22.777c15.438 0 27.998-10.217 27.998-22.777S47.438 9.223 32 9.223zm0 45.268C16.718 54.49 4.285 44.4 4.285 32 4.286 19.598 16.72 9.51 32 9.51c15.28 0 27.713 10.088 27.713 22.49S47.28 54.49 31.999 54.49z" fill="#000"></path><path d="M20.474 43.53c-.633 0-.633.982 0 .982s.633-.982 0-.982zM22.063 44.815c-.633 0-.633.982 0 .982s.633-.982 0-.982zM23.804 44.34c-.633 0-.633.982 0 .982s.633-.982 0-.982zM19.265 25.229c.633 0 .633-.982 0-.982s-.633.982 0 .982zM26.64 18.624c.634 0 .634-.982 0-.982-.632 0-.632.982 0 .982zM24.925 18.14c-.633 0-.633.982 0 .982s.633-.982 0-.982zM29.206 16.432c-.633 0-.633.982 0 .982s.633-.982 0-.982zM31.105 16.432c-.633 0-.633.982 0 .982s.633-.982 0-.982zM34.036 17.08c.633 0 .633-.982 0-.982s-.633.982 0 .982zM42.333 21.879c.633 0 .633-.982 0-.982s-.633.982 0 .982zM39.453 18.273c-.633 0-.633.982 0 .982s.633-.982 0-.982zM35.813 17.008c-.633 0-.633.982 0 .982s.633-.982 0-.982zM43.673 23.527c.633 0 .633-.982 0-.982s-.633.982 0 .982zM42.463 44.949c.633 0 .633-.982 0-.982s-.633.982 0 .982zM36.468 38.162a.498.498 0 100 .997.498.498 0 000-.997zM36.943 39.586a.498.498 0 100 .996.498.498 0 000-.996zM37.22 43.013a.498.498 0 10-.851-.517.498.498 0 00.851.517zM36.745 44.595a.498.498 0 10-.851-.517.498.498 0 00.851.517zM35.123 37.075a.498.498 0 10.851.517.498.498 0 00-.85-.517zM36.547 36.443a.498.498 0 10.851.516.498.498 0 00-.851-.516zM35.342 41.944c.633 0 .633-.983 0-.983s-.633.983 0 .983zM25.778 28.582a.498.498 0 10-.156.983.498.498 0 00.156-.983zM25.462 26.684a.498.498 0 10-.156.983.498.498 0 00.156-.983zM27.222 28.14a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .996zM24.373 25.925a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .997zM22.79 30.037a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .997zM24.215 30.512a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .997zM23.581 28.297a.498.498 0 10.001-.996.498.498 0 000 .996zM28.171 26.083a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .997zM33.013 27.19a.498.498 0 100-.996.498.498 0 000 .996zM35.188 28.462a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .997zM31.143 27.603a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .997zM30.141 28.947a.498.498 0 100-.996.498.498 0 000 .996zM33.572 28.59a.498.498 0 10-.996 0 .498.498 0 00.996 0zM27.855 29.47a.498.498 0 10.996 0 .498.498 0 00-.996 0zM28.459 27.33a.498.498 0 10.997 0 .498.498 0 00-.997 0zM35.501 26.602a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .997zM33.827 25.487a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .997zM30.712 25.825a.498.498 0 100-.996.498.498 0 000 .996zM29.554 24.634a.498.498 0 10-.617-.78.498.498 0 00.617.78zM29.983 30.845a.498.498 0 100-.996.498.498 0 000 .996zM27.696 31.21a.498.498 0 10.997 0 .498.498 0 00-.997 0zM26.114 30.736a.498.498 0 10.997 0 .498.498 0 00-.997 0zM36.212 32.864a.497.497 0 10-.982-.156.497.497 0 00.982.156zM37.794 33.654a.498.498 0 10-.983-.155.498.498 0 00.983.155zM36.054 29.7a.497.497 0 10-.983-.156.497.497 0 00.983.156zM35.42 31.282a.498.498 0 10-.983-.156.498.498 0 00.983.156zM37.478 31.44a.498.498 0 10-.983-.155.498.498 0 00.983.155zM33.68 30.491a.498.498 0 10-.983-.156.498.498 0 00.983.156zM31.939 31.44a.498.498 0 10-.983-.156.498.498 0 00.983.156zM31.939 29.384a.498.498 0 10-.983-.156.498.498 0 00.983.156zM36.42 25.324a.498.498 0 10.157-.983.498.498 0 00-.156.983zM33.32 22.1a.498.498 0 10.001-.996.498.498 0 000 .997zM31.234 22.195a.498.498 0 10.997 0 .498.498 0 00-.997 0zM29.84 23.27a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .996zM28.256 22.479a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .997zM27.465 24.06a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .997zM25.725 24.218a.498.498 0 100-.996.498.498 0 000 .996zM26.516 25.958a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .997zM33.436 23.64a.498.498 0 100-.997.498.498 0 000 .996zM35.951 22.891a.498.498 0 10.997 0 .498.498 0 00-.997 0zM34.685 21.784a.498.498 0 10.996 0 .498.498 0 00-.996 0zM31.577 24.483a.498.498 0 10.156-.984.498.498 0 00-.156.984zM30.31 21.794a.498.498 0 10.156-.984.498.498 0 00-.156.984zM37.907 24.483a.498.498 0 10.156-.984.498.498 0 00-.156.984zM34.69 23.586a.498.498 0 10.983.155.498.498 0 00-.983-.155zM32.858 33.265a.498.498 0 10-.996 0 .498.498 0 00.996 0zM31.434 33.74a.498.498 0 10-.996 0 .498.498 0 00.997 0zM28.48 34.175a.498.498 0 00.517-.85.498.498 0 00-.517.85zM26.58 33.384a.498.498 0 00.518-.85.498.498 0 00-.517.85zM33.945 31.92a.498.498 0 00-.517.85.498.498 0 00.517-.85zM34.578 33.344a.498.498 0 00-.517.85.498.498 0 00.517-.85zM41.224 30.097a.5.5 0 10-.59-.805.5.5 0 00.59.805zM39.008 28.357a.5.5 0 10-.59-.805.5.5 0 00.59.805zM40.674 28.579a.5.5 0 10-.59-.806.5.5 0 00.59.806zM40.32 26.947a.5.5 0 10-.59-.806.5.5 0 00.59.806zM37.943 26.547a.5.5 0 00-.587-.806.5.5 0 00.587.806zM39.24 25.726a.5.5 0 10-.59-.806.5.5 0 00.59.806zM37.302 28.013a.497.497 0 10-.702-.704.497.497 0 00.702.704zM39.813 29.885a.497.497 0 10-.966.235.497.497 0 00.966-.235zM38.303 29.757a.497.497 0 10-.966.235.497.497 0 00.966-.235zM29.075 32.14c0 .632.983.632.983 0 0-.634-.983-.634-.983 0z" fill="#000"></path></svg><span>Listen to Podcasts and Articles</span></a></li></ul></div><div class="ExpandedNav_print__7d4vw" data-event-element="print edition"><h2 class="ExpandedNav_title__C8QcN ExpandedNav_printTitle__PKCL7">The Print Edition</h2><div class="ExpandedNav_printContainer__Lp_nj"><a href="/magazine/" class="ExpandedNav_printImgLink__gcbdt"><img alt="" loading="lazy" class="Image_root__XxsOp Image_lazy__hYWHV ExpandedNav_printImg__hHeRU" src="https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/images/current-issue.large.jpg" width="266" height="200"/></a><div class="ExpandedNav_printLinks__gNywy"><div class="ExpandedNav_topPrintLinks__UytSB"><a href="/magazine/" class="ExpandedNav_latestIssue__iDXQm">Latest Issue</a><a href="/magazine/backissues/" class="ExpandedNav_pastIssues__nkE14">Past Issues</a></div><hr class="ExpandedNav_hr__5T2Ez"/><a href="https://accounts.theatlantic.com/products/gift" class="ExpandedNav_giveAGift__vyp0c">Give a Gift</a></div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="Nav_navListItem__l2afO Nav_hideOnTablet__wyFPd Nav_searchLi__yxgD4"><button class="NavSearchButton_root__DcP_y" aria-label="Search The Atlantic" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="nav-desktop-search" data-event-element="search icon" data-event-verb="opened" data-event-surface="search" data-event-module="search overlay"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" class="NavSearchButton_searchIcon__Acpm1"><path d="M15.85 15.15l-5.27-5.28a6 6 0 10-.71.71l5.28 5.27a.48.48 0 00.7 0 .48.48 0 000-.7zM1 6a5 5 0 115 5 5 5 0 01-5-5z"></path></svg></button><div data-event-surface="search" data-event-module="search overlay" class="SearchOverlay_root__lmUcH" hidden="" id="nav-desktop-search"><div data-focus-guard="true" tabindex="0" style="width:1px;height:0px;padding:0;overflow:hidden;position:fixed;top:1px;left:1px"></div><div data-focus-lock-disabled="false" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="search-label" role="dialog"><form method="GET" action="/search/" class="SearchOverlay_searchForm___U0R_"><div class="SearchInput_root__6XLPB"><div class="VisuallyHidden_root__yoK4r"><label for="search-input-:Rbjekaqm:">Search The Atlantic</label></div><button type="submit" title="Submit" class="SearchInput_searchButton__u0CP0"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true" width="20"><path d="M15.85 15.15l-5.27-5.28a6 6 0 10-.71.71l5.28 5.27a.48.48 0 00.7 0 .48.48 0 000-.7zM1 6a5 5 0 115 5 5 5 0 01-5-5z"></path></svg></button><input type="search" name="q" id="search-input-:Rbjekaqm:" class="SearchInput_searchInput__5hWhI SearchInput_hideClear__re5AE" placeholder="Search The Atlantic..." autoComplete="off" required=""/></div><div class="QuickLinks_quickLinksContainer__F_iFd"><div class="QuickLinks_quickLinksHeading__ms7Ht">Quick Links</div><ul class="QuickLinks_quickLinksList__e7x66"><li class="QuickLinks_quickLinkListItem__59_09"><a class="QuickLinks_quickLink__w_Fp0" href="/audio" data-event-element="quick link" data-event-position="1"><img alt="Audio" loading="lazy" class="Image_root__XxsOp Image_lazy__hYWHV QuickLinks_quickLinkImage__FTMBA" src="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/media/files/audio/intro_sprint_2_emblem.png" width="148" height="148"/><div class="QuickLinks_quickLinkLabel__TYtIC">Audio</div></a></li><li class="QuickLinks_quickLinkListItem__59_09"><a class="QuickLinks_quickLink__w_Fp0" href="/free-daily-crossword-puzzle/" data-event-element="quick link" data-event-position="2"><img alt="Crossword Puzzle" loading="lazy" class="Image_root__XxsOp Image_lazy__hYWHV QuickLinks_quickLinkImage__FTMBA" src="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/media/files/2025/crossword_icon_intro_sprint_2.png" width="148" height="148"/><div class="QuickLinks_quickLinkLabel__TYtIC">Crossword Puzzle</div></a></li><li class="QuickLinks_quickLinkListItem__59_09"><a class="QuickLinks_quickLink__w_Fp0" href="/archive/" data-event-element="quick link" data-event-position="3"><img alt="Magazine Archive" loading="lazy" class="Image_root__XxsOp Image_lazy__hYWHV QuickLinks_quickLinkImage__FTMBA" src="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/media/files/archive-thumbnail.png" width="148" height="148"/><div class="QuickLinks_quickLinkLabel__TYtIC">Magazine Archive</div></a></li><li class="QuickLinks_quickLinkListItem__59_09"><a class="QuickLinks_quickLink__w_Fp0" href="https://accounts.theatlantic.com/accounts/subscription/" data-event-element="quick link" data-event-position="4"><img alt="Your Subscription" loading="lazy" class="Image_root__XxsOp Image_lazy__hYWHV QuickLinks_quickLinkImage__FTMBA" src="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/media/files/YourSubscription_300x300.jpg" width="148" height="148"/><div class="QuickLinks_quickLinkLabel__TYtIC">Your Subscription</div></a></li></ul></div><button type="button" aria-label="Close Search" class="SearchOverlay_closeButton___zntA" data-event-verb="closed" data-event-element="close icon"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="SearchOverlay_closeIcon__DrMMb"><path d="M9.525 8l6.159 6.159a1.078 1.078 0 11-1.525 1.525L8 9.524l-6.159 6.16a1.076 1.076 0 01-1.525 0 1.078 1.078 0 010-1.525L6.476 8 .315 1.841A1.078 1.078 0 111.841.316L8 6.476l6.16-6.16a1.078 1.078 0 111.524 1.525L9.524 8z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></button></form></div><div data-focus-guard="true" tabindex="0" style="width:1px;height:0px;padding:0;overflow:hidden;position:fixed;top:1px;left:1px"></div></div></li><li class="Nav_navListItem__l2afO Nav_hideOnTablet__wyFPd"><a class="Nav_navLink__34Bol" href="/most-popular/">Popular</a></li><li class="Nav_navListItem__l2afO Nav_hideOnTablet__wyFPd"><a class="Nav_navLink__34Bol" href="/latest/">Latest</a></li><li class="Nav_navListItem__l2afO Nav_hideOnTablet__wyFPd"><a class="Nav_navLink__34Bol" href="/newsletters/">Newsletters</a></li></ul><div aria-hidden="true" class="Nav_middleContainer__7JzLF" data-event-element="wordmark"><a href="/" class="Nav_hideAboveMobile__1lhmL Nav_mobileBigALink__eWXD_" tabindex="-1"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 87.83 134" class="Nav_mobileBigA__9PTCs Nav_hideOnMobile__IESg8"><path d="M24.48 95.13c-.56 0-.74-.37-.74-.93l13.08-55.88c.19-.94.93-.94 1.12 0L50.09 94.2c0 .56-.19.93-.75.93zM48.22.19a22.54 22.54 0 01-7.66 5.05c-.75.19-.94.37-1.13 1.12l-26.72 112.5c-2 9-4.67 10.66-11.77 11.22a.88.88 0 00-.94.93v2.06a.88.88 0 00.92.93h25.6a.88.88 0 00.93-.93V131a.88.88 0 00-.93-.93c-9.53 0-10.47-2.81-8.6-10.66l4.49-19.25a1.18 1.18 0 011.12-.93h26.74a1.19 1.19 0 011.13.93l5 23.18c1.12 5-.75 6.17-7.1 6.73a.88.88 0 00-.93.93v2.06a.88.88 0 00.93.93h37.62a.88.88 0 00.94-.93V131a.88.88 0 00-.94-.93c-5.79-.56-8.22-1.5-9.34-6.73L49.34.57c-.19-.56-.75-.75-1.12-.38"></path></svg></a><a href="/" class="Nav_navLink__34Bol" tabindex="-1"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 214 33.24" class="Nav_logo__RLN3C"><path d="M39.39 13.2c-2.4 0-4.43 1.82-7 5.32-1.18 1.64-2.7 4-3.37 5-.38.51-.68.43-.47-.12l1.78-4.56 6.36-17.5C37 .62 34.46-.25 34 .62v.09c-1.09 2.32-3.12 3.08-6.75 2.95S16.32 1.52 10.8 1.52C3.88 1.52 0 5.78 0 10.8c0 2.82 1.85 4.64 4.34 4.55a2.27 2.27 0 002.41-1.81 1.2 1.2 0 00-1.56-1.43c-2.45.51-3.29-1.18-3.29-2.49 0-3.12 2.66-5.44 8.22-5.44 1.43 0 4.22.34 7.17.67-3.75 11.3-7.55 21.77-8.48 24.25a2.07 2.07 0 01-1.35 1.44c-1.34.42-1.77.46-2.61.67-1.27.3-1.06 1.35-.17 1.31 1.6-.09 3.67-.3 5.31-.3 2 0 5.61.17 6.16.21 1 .09 1.14-1.14.3-1.26-.59-.09-1.56-.25-2.49-.38-1.1-.13-1.43-.59-1.18-1.48.55-1.47 7-20.11 8.27-24 2 .25 3.71.42 4.84.5 2.33.14 4.57 0 6.5-1.41l-5.1 14.4-4.47 12.33c-.76 2 2.1 2.15 2.74.93a81.64 81.64 0 017.63-12.36c1.86-2.7 3.59-4.31 4.81-4.31.93 0 1.47.51 1.47 1.65 0 1.52-.71 3.88-2.15 7.89-1.89 5.23-2.61 6.62-3.24 6.66s-1.86-1.52-2.53-1.69a1.39 1.39 0 00-1.65.72c-.34.59-.12 2.49 2.74 2.62 3.42.16 6.33-3.34 8.35-8.94 1.39-3.8 1.73-5.74 1.73-7.13 0-2.7-1.26-3.97-3.33-3.97zm57.9 18.09c-2.15-.5-3-1.3-3-2.15l.09-1.77c0-1.3 1-20.49 1.22-23.36.17-2.11-2.24-2-3.25-.76l-2 2.57C87.89 8.9 78 21.68 73.17 27.67A11.5 11.5 0 0168 31.25c-.8.21-.72 1.06.17 1.06.71 0 2.82-.25 4.38-.25s4.43.12 5.15.16 1-.76 0-1c-2-.59-3-1-3-1.52s.46-1.22 1.56-2.74c.84-1.18 2.86-3.84 5.1-6.79H91c-.21 4.05-.46 8.31-.5 9.15a1.14 1.14 0 01-.93 1.14l-2.15.63c-.59.17-.85 1.27.08 1.23 2.11-.13 3.88-.3 4.81-.3 1.39 0 3.75.3 4.85.34s.94-.85.13-1.07zm-6-15.47c0 .76-.09 1.6-.13 2.49h-8.25c3.84-5.07 7.89-10.38 8.23-10.89s.67-.25.63.13c-.13 1.86-.34 5.27-.5 8.27zM55.08 13.5c-3.67-.17-7.76 4.09-9.7 10.5-1.9 6.2.21 8.77 2.53 8.77 1.69 0 4.51-2.19 6.07-4.72.55-.89.13-1.82-.71-.89-1.06 1.14-2.49 2.36-4 2.07-1-.17-1.94-1.9-.46-6.2 3.54-.17 7.71-2.19 8.77-5.53.92-2.88-.98-3.96-2.5-4zm.38 3.12c-.89 2.61-4 4.8-6.24 5.35 2.15-5.69 4.21-7.21 5.52-7.17.72 0 1.06.82.72 1.82zm53.94-1h3.42c.76 0 1.14-.21 1.3-.76.3-.72.13-1.06-.63-1.06h-3.42l1.65-4.38c.21-.59 0-.89-.34-.89h-1.77c-.46 0-.63.13-.84.72L107 13.83h-2.7c-.38 0-.68-.08-.93 1.06-.09.55 0 .76.55.76h2.4l-4.09 10.67a45.64 45.64 0 00-1.69 4.68c-.25 1.48.64 2.07 1.73 1.86 2.15-.38 5.23-2.62 8-6.12.76-1 .13-1.64-.63-.84a34.4 34.4 0 01-3.67 3.16c-1.1.72-1.64.21-1.26-.84zm38.04-1c.25-.59-.59-.76-2.53-1.13-.59-.13-.93.5-1.94 2.61a4 4 0 00-3.5-1.43c-3.08.08-6.88 2.86-10 7.12-2.49 3.42-3.25 5.78-2.78 8.31a3.11 3.11 0 003.08 2.52c2.32.08 4.64-2.11 7-4.52l1.48-1.48c.42-.42.8-.17.54.34a23.77 23.77 0 00-1.89 4.17c-.3 1.48.5 1.86 1.64 1.69 2.19-.29 5.61-2.32 8.23-5.94.75-1.06 0-1.65-.68-.85a26.62 26.62 0 01-3.75 3.29c-1.14.76-1.65.55-1.31-.34.17-.55.8-2.07 6.41-14.36zm-9.74 11c-2.66 2.45-4.81 4.22-6.29 4.22-1 0-1.47-.43-1.56-1.14-.25-1.86 1.44-4.68 2.83-6.58 2.4-3.16 5.36-5.78 7.25-5.78 1.31 0 2 .55 2.11 1.35.25 1.46-2.19 5.93-4.34 7.87zm58.58-12.71c-2.07 0-4.85 1.47-7.47 4.38-.84 1-.21 1.65.59.93a20.28 20.28 0 012.87-2.19c.89-.55 1.48-.13 1.22.67-.21.64-.84 2.2-1.3 3.25l-2.87 6.58c-.8 1.86-1.56 3.71-1.73 4.22-.38 1.31.29 2 1.35 2 2 0 4.77-1.65 7.42-4.6.84-1 .21-1.64-.59-.93a28 28 0 01-3.12 2.4c-.88.54-1.52.12-1.22-.68.21-.59.84-1.94 1.26-2.91l2.91-6.58c.85-1.94 1.82-4 2-4.55.32-1.28-.31-1.99-1.32-1.99zm2.53-10.21a2.39 2.39 0 00-2.53 2.15 2.09 2.09 0 001.85 2.45 2.43 2.43 0 002.49-2.11 2.08 2.08 0 00-1.81-2.49zm11.68 10.84c-3.71-.17-7.68 4.13-9.62 10.46s.17 8.77 2.62 8.77c1.69 0 4.51-2 6.2-4.72.55-.89.13-1.82-.72-.89-1.05 1.14-2.4 2.19-3.79 2.11s-2.37-2-.76-6.62c2.36-6.66 4-7.42 4.72-7.47s2.19 1.86 3.08 2.07a1.36 1.36 0 001.64-.71c.38-.72.14-2.83-3.37-3zm-23.95.29h-3.42l1.64-4.38c.22-.59 0-.89-.33-.89h-1.78c-.46 0-.63.13-.84.72l-1.73 4.55h-2.74c-.38 0-.67-.08-.93 1.06-.08.55.05.76.55.76h2.41l-4.09 10.67a43.34 43.34 0 00-1.69 4.68c-.26 1.48.63 2.07 1.73 1.86 2.15-.38 5.23-2.62 8-6.12.76-1 .13-1.64-.64-.84a34.33 34.33 0 01-3.68 3.16c-1.1.72-1.65.21-1.27-.84l4.71-12.6h3.42c.76 0 1.14-.21 1.31-.76.29-.69.12-1.03-.63-1.03zm-63.6 11.9a40.24 40.24 0 01-3.8 3.33c-1.1.72-1.64.21-1.26-.84L128.17.97c.17-.42.08-1-.51-1a58.6 58.6 0 00-6 .68c-.34.08-.51.59-.13.71l2.28.85c.46.17.51.38.21 1.14l-8.84 22.97a43.34 43.34 0 00-1.69 4.68c-.25 1.48.63 2.07 1.73 1.86 2.28-.38 5.52-2.62 8.35-6.29.76-1.01.13-1.64-.63-.84zm43.39.08l2.49-5c1.35-2.74 1.61-4 1.61-4.93 0-1.81-.93-2.74-2.83-2.74-2.66 0-4.77 2.11-8 6.66-.89 1.22-1.48 2.15-2.66 3.67-.38.47-.67.42-.46-.13l1.64-4.09a17 17 0 001.35-4.47c0-1.09-.46-1.6-1.64-1.6-1.44 0-3.25.76-6.41 4.77-1.14 1.47 0 1.64.38 1.18.63-.64 2-2.07 2.91-2.87s1.72-.55 1.39.42a18.36 18.36 0 01-.8 2.24l-5 12.27c-.68 1.69 2.53 2.07 3.08.8 1.73-4 5.52-9 7.08-11.22 2.28-3.25 4.26-5.48 5.69-5.48.76 0 1.1.42 1.1 1.22a5.83 5.83 0 01-.59 2l-3.54 7.55c-1 2-1.94 4.13-2.11 4.68-.42 1.31.3 2 1.43 2 2 0 4.77-1.65 7.43-4.6.84-1 .21-1.64-.59-.93a29 29 0 01-3.12 2.41c-.92.59-1.56.12-1.26-.72.21-.6.97-2.16 1.43-3.09z"></path></svg></a></div><div class="Nav_rightContainer__CBCcP"><ul class="NavAccountLinks_root__8VKLM" data-event-element="account links"><li class="NavAccountLinks_navListItem__Lxooj"><a href="https://accounts.theatlantic.com/login/" class="NavAccountLinks_navLink__ctd7M NavAccountLinks_hideOnMobile__Eokx4">Sign In</a></li><li class="NavAccountLinks_navListItem__Lxooj"><a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/subscribe/navbar/" class="NavAccountLinks_subscribe__2DNuJ">Subscribe</a></li></ul></div></div></div></nav><div class="Nav_fixedPosPlaceholder__0nyHE"></div><div class="Nav_overlay__zlKnQ" data-testid="overlay"></div><div></div><main id="main-content" data-event-surface="article" data-flatplan-layout="twocol" class=""><gpt-ad class="GptAd_root__pAvcS Leaderboard_root__gbBIq" format="leaderboard" sizes-at-0="" sizes-at-976="leaderboard"></gpt-ad><article class="ArticleLayout_article__RHFMN article-content-body"><header class="ArticleHero_root__3w7kV" data-event-module="hero"><div class="ArticleHero_twoColumnLockupWrapper__1MJxU"><div class="ArticleHero_twoColArticleLockup__xsGgl"><div class="ArticleHero_rubric__e4rjD ArticleHero_twoColRubric__8kY4w"><div class="ArticleRubric_root__HNhbf" id="rubric" data-flatplan-rubric="true"><a class="ArticleRubric_link__nl9hy" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/" data-event-element="rubric">Ideas</a></div></div><div class="ArticleHero_title__PQ4pC"><h1 class="ArticleTitle_root__VrZaG ArticleTitle_featureOrTwoCol__TRUC3 ArticleTitle_twoCol__8npP_" data-flatplan-title="true">America’s Gambling Addiction Is Metastasizing</h1></div><div class="ArticleHero_dek__EqdkK" data-flatplan-description="true"><p class="ArticleDek_root__P3leE ArticleDek_twoCol__BtQqH">When life feels this precarious, it’s only natural to roll the dice on just about everything.</p></div><div class="ArticleHero_byline__iFT6A ArticleHero_twoColByline__VhWQ_"><div class="ArticleBylines_root__IBR5V ArticleBylines_twoCol__rmKE3"><address id="byline">By <a class="ArticleBylines_link__kNP4C" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/author/stephen-marche/" data-event-element="author" data-flatplan-author-link="true">Stephen Marche</a></address></div></div></div><div class="ArticleLeadArt_root__nRSLU ArticleLeadArt_twoCol__XedW5"><figure class="ArticleLeadFigure_root__Bj81R"><div class="ArticleLeadFigure_media__R1npW" data-flatplan-lead_figure_media="true"><picture><img alt="Artwork of a combination ATM-slot machine with small illustrations of a graduation cap, a house, and a suit and tie on the game screen." class="Image_root__XxsOp ArticleLeadArt_image__HZS4B" sizes="(min-width: 1440px) 656px, (min-width:1024px) calc(50vw - 64px), (min-width: 768px) calc(50vw - 48px), (min-width: 375px) calc(100vw - 103px), (min-width: 320px) calc(100vw - 64px), calc(100vw - 48px)" srcSet="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/qvbSzokit_s93iIJqtcU8ukWw9M=/0x0:1920x2400/296x370/media/img/2021/11/24/The_Atlantic_casinoatm_F_vert/original.jpg 296w, https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/SdTw18CtEzz6x40IpkDnMeX2aUc=/0x0:1920x2400/311x389/media/img/2021/11/24/The_Atlantic_casinoatm_F_vert/original.jpg 311w, https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/iihAmwaXrzrRO37zA3mGNLe3gqw=/0x0:1920x2400/592x740/media/img/2021/11/24/The_Atlantic_casinoatm_F_vert/original.jpg 592w, https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/UZs9hJqClMMTOWaASt0PcrjeuPQ=/0x0:1920x2400/622x778/media/img/2021/11/24/The_Atlantic_casinoatm_F_vert/original.jpg 622w, https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/M39JUzpSWsVOvraMCBR9BvziuT0=/0x0:1920x2400/665x831/media/img/2021/11/24/The_Atlantic_casinoatm_F_vert/original.jpg 665w, https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/_nvCXCRcz4oSfQw-lGZlpoEpxJo=/0x0:1920x2400/960x1200/media/img/2021/11/24/The_Atlantic_casinoatm_F_vert/original.jpg 960w, https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/VKegqNEMnfwYXPKgbtydp_qUUxo=/0x0:1920x2400/1330x1663/media/img/2021/11/24/The_Atlantic_casinoatm_F_vert/original.jpg 1330w" src="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/bR2rdAChRdezsjuqX3wLb8VaOn0=/0x0:1920x2400/648x810/media/img/2021/11/24/The_Atlantic_casinoatm_F_vert/original.jpg" id="article-lead-image" width="648" height="810"/></picture></div><figcaption class="ArticleLeadFigure_caption__Byu7W ArticleLeadFigure_twoColCaption__WSIXu" data-flatplan-lead_figure_caption="true">Mark Pernice</figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="ArticleHero_articleUtilityBar__JbQFj"><div class="ArticleHero_timestamp__bKhcB"><time class="ArticleTimestamp_root__b3bL6" dateTime="2021-11-26T12:00:00Z" data-flatplan-timestamp="true">November 26, 2021</time> </div><div class="ArticleHero_articleUtilityBarTools__ZHw8s"><div class="ArticleShare_root__Mq0RB" tabindex="-1"><button class="ArticleShare_shareButton__X0cIe" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls=":Rp2pb32qm:" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Open Share Menu" data-action="click share - expand" data-event-verb="shared" data-event-element="share dropdown">Share<svg width="15" height="15" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="ArticleShare_buttonIcon__B86vV"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M7.335.272a.25.25 0 01.337 0l4.623 4.204a.25.25 0 01.017.353l-.336.37a.25.25 0 01-.353.016L8.004 1.926v7.9a.25.25 0 01-.25.25h-.5a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.924l-3.62 3.291a.25.25 0 01-.353-.016l-.336-.37a.25.25 0 01.016-.353L7.335.272zM.5 7.545a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v6.75c0 .138.112.25.25.25h14a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-6.75a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25H14a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v6H1.25v-6a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25H.5z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button></div><button class="SaveButton_saveButton__7LYFZ" aria-label="Save"><span class="SaveButton_text__fiZgx">Save<!-- --> </span><svg width="12" height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="SaveButton_icon__HFNiD SaveButton_unsaved__bP4MN"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M6 10.828l5 3.31V1H1v13.139l5-3.31zM.776 15.486A.5.5 0 010 15.07V.5A.5.5 0 01.5 0h11a.5.5 0 01.5.5v14.57a.5.5 0 01-.776.416L6.138 12.12a.25.25 0 00-.276 0L.776 15.486z" fill="currentColor"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5.572 8.75c0 .138.111.25.25.25h.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25V6.57H8.75A.25.25 0 009 6.32v-.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25H6.572V3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v2.32H3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.322v2.18z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button></div></div><gpt-ad class="GptAd_root__pAvcS ArticleInjector_root__I7x9v LeadArticleAd_root__tdCqm s-native s-native--standard s-native--streamline" format="injector" sizes-at-0="mobile-wide" targeting-pos="injector-article-start" sizes-at-976="desktop-wide"></gpt-ad><div class="ArticleInjector_clsAvoider__dqIAm" style="--placeholderHeight:298px"></div></header><section class="ArticleBody_root__2gF81" data-event-module="article body" data-flatplan-body="true"><p class="ArticleParagraph_root__4mszW ArticleParagraph_dropcap__uIVzg" data-flatplan-paragraph="true" data-flatplan-dropcap="true">G<span class="smallcaps">ambling has become</span> one of the defining pleasures of our time, the perfect accompaniment to an era of high-risk, rigged economies and a looming sense of collapse. Once there was Las Vegas; now there’s a Las Vegas in every phone.</p><p class="ArticleParagraph_root__4mszW" data-flatplan-paragraph="true">You can bet on almost anything today. Elections. Literary prizes. If you have a feeling that, say, Lapuan Virkiä is going to beat Porin Pesakarhut in the women’s Superpesis, the top professional pesäpallo league in Finland, you can put your money where your mouth is. During the pandemic, as casinos and racetracks closed, you could wager on the evening’s forecast in real time, or on the upcoming winter snowfall. There was serious action on the highest daily temperatures of major American cities. Then there are the ads. If you watch sports regularly, you probably feel, as I do, that the games have become interruptions in a more or less constant barrage of wagering promotion. Gambling is swallowing sports.</p><p class="ArticleParagraph_root__4mszW" data-flatplan-paragraph="true">The most straightforward reason for the surge in gambling is a change to the law: In 2018, the Supreme Court struck down the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act, opening the door to online sports betting across 21 states. As a direct result, sports-betting revenues grew 69 percent from 2019 to 2020 and <a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/sports-betting-skyrocketed-pandemic-experts-warn-ticking-time-bomb-n1266518">another 270 percent</a> during the first quarter of 2021. Total gambling revenues in the U.S. are set to break <a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/willyakowicz/2021/08/10/us-gambling-revenue-to--break-44-billion-record-in-2021/?sh=78175974677b">the $44 billion mark</a> this year, approaching the size of the market for movies, books, and music combined. For a certain kind of American bettor, yesterday’s Thanksgiving celebration meant wagering on favorites as much as eating turkey or passing out in front of the game. (In the NFL, by the way, playing the favorites is usually a poor bet because they tend to be overvalued, but on Thanksgiving the opposite is true: Since 2003, favored teams have beaten the spread an absurd <a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://nypost.com/2019/11/28/this-failed-betting-strategy-works-on-thanksgiving/">73.2 percent of the time</a>, not counting this year’s games. Please do not take this as betting advice. As they say, I’ve always been lucky with gambling: I’ve never won.)</p><p class="ArticleParagraph_root__4mszW" data-flatplan-paragraph="true">For society as a whole, if such a thing exists anymore, there are benefits as well as costs to legal gambling. The chief benefit is that there’s a lot of money to be made, for governments and businesses both. The primary cost is that many unlucky and vulnerable people are destroyed. American society has accepted that trade-off—big money now for social crisis later—on any number of fronts: in its banking sector, in its housing markets, in its health-care industry. The rise of gambling is simply one example of our boundless desire for risk.</p><p class="ArticleParagraph_root__4mszW ArticleParagraph_dropcap__uIVzg" data-flatplan-paragraph="true" data-flatplan-dropcap="true">O<span class="smallcaps">nce upon a</span> time, there was the concept of “public morals.” In New York City, of all places, there were squads that enforced bans on pornography, sex work, alcohol, drugs, and gambling. Law enforcement had an explicit mandate to impose collective standards of behavior. This was, consciously, a repressive mechanism with religious roots. Then, slowly, that all went away. The repressive mechanisms rusted and crumbled. Now they’re collapsing.</p><p class="ArticleParagraph_root__4mszW" data-flatplan-paragraph="true">The end of Prohibition in the 1930s and the liberation of the ’60s and subsequent decades amount to the abandonment of these various repressions; we are still in the middle of this trend. Permission to gamble has been more of a continuous process than a singular event, extending from 1961, when betting on horse racing was legalized, to the present. Prohibitions against alcohol, pornography, and marijuana have fallen. The legalization of sex work and the decriminalization of hard drugs are still to come. Liberalization has been slow but consistent because both sides of the political spectrum, even in this moment of extreme, violent hyperpartisanship, agree on the basic principle: Get government out. The left wants the government out of people’s private lives. The right wants the government out of their financial lives. There was, for a time, a kind of balance, weighing the public good against the desires of the market. Then the market won. For one thing, attempts at repression, like the war on alcohol or drugs, often did more harm than good, and regulated markets allowed those substances to be controlled in a much more sensible way than through law enforcement. For another, greed has a tendency to win against any other consideration. The end result is the same: You do you. If it kills you, that’s on you.</p><p id="injected-recirculation-link-0" class="ArticleRelatedContentLink_root__VYc9V" data-view-action="view link - injected link - item 1" data-event-element="injected link" data-event-position="1"><a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2014/09/how-daily-fantasy-sports-will-create-an-american-gambling-boom/380382/">Read: The great American gambling boom</a></p><p class="ArticleParagraph_root__4mszW" data-flatplan-paragraph="true">But the ban on gambling was more than a prohibition on a form of pleasure that has social costs; it was also a regulation of a predatory economic practice. The ban on sports gambling, in particular, was about retaining the purity of the game, which is just an idealistic way of describing market integrity. Ordinary people would not watch fixed games, just as ordinary people would not invest their money in fixed stock markets; in both cases, fairness is a prerequisite for future investment. The endemic corruption of boxing is one of the reasons its popularity has been in decline for 50 years. Baseball survived <a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/09/opinion/black-sox-scandal-1919.html">the Black Sox scandal of 1919</a> only by taking extreme measures, creating a commissioner role and making the faintest taint of gambling unacceptable. (Pity Pete Rose.)</p><div class="ArticleInlineFigure_root__hYQJP ArticleInlineFigure_alignWell__tK_8_" data-flatplan-inline_image="true"><figure class="ArticleInlineFigure_figure__qmYhH" style="--imageWidth:655px;max-width:655px"><picture class="ArticleInlineImagePicture_picture__SVXJ7" style="padding-bottom:80.00%"><img alt="An illustration of two die falling out of a medicine container." loading="lazy" class="Image_root__XxsOp Image_lazy__hYWHV ArticleInlineImagePicture_image__I79fR" sizes="(min-width: 729px) 655px, (min-width: 576px) calc(100vw - 48px), 100vw" srcSet="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/WdoZfKkr_jkIaDQSVSZeQumz7b0=/0x0:1800x1440/655x524/media/img/posts/2021/11/image_5/original.png 655w, https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/9cPtnIoZDIVIUziRQZmfvecEPnU=/0x0:1800x1440/750x600/media/img/posts/2021/11/image_5/original.png 750w, https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/yD7VxP3QKIpIB-2ZK75FOXdV4cA=/0x0:1800x1440/850x680/media/img/posts/2021/11/image_5/original.png 850w, https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/K4yrQlQpn-ylneXqwu3QAzJoXfw=/0x0:1800x1440/928x742/media/img/posts/2021/11/image_5/original.png 928w, https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/oQOmnzbzniUGnSxTAoGtJNtLFVU=/0x0:1800x1440/1310x1048/media/img/posts/2021/11/image_5/original.png 1310w" src="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/WdoZfKkr_jkIaDQSVSZeQumz7b0=/0x0:1800x1440/655x524/media/img/posts/2021/11/image_5/original.png" width="655" height="524"/></picture><figcaption class="ArticleInlineFigure_figcaption__kxSCW ArticleInlineFigure_alignWell__tK_8_">Mark Pernice</figcaption></figure></div><p class="ArticleParagraph_root__4mszW" data-flatplan-paragraph="true">Gambling produces corruption the way salt water produces rust. You can fight it for a while, but it wins in the end. Since the opening of Asian online gambling in the 2000s, soccer has been plagued by various scandals. <a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1207660-italys-match-fixing-scandal-5-things-you-need-to-know">Italian</a> and <a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/jan/03/match-fixing-scandal-south-africa">South </a><a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/jan/03/match-fixing-scandal-south-africa">African</a> soccer have been particularly corrupt, and they have paid the price. <a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/09/micro-betting-could-destroy-sports/620188/">Another fixing scandal will </a><a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/09/micro-betting-could-destroy-sports/620188/">rock</a><a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/09/micro-betting-could-destroy-sports/620188/"> American sports</a> eventually; it’s only a matter of time.</p><p class="ArticleParagraph_root__4mszW" data-flatplan-paragraph="true">What used to be a somewhat skeezy sideline to the entertainment dimension of sports is now front and center. Even a few years ago, for a commentator on a major sports network to mention gambling would have been unheard of. Now it’s commonplace for the announcers to discuss the odds. Charles Barkley, at TNT, has an endorsement deal with FanDuel. Jalen Rose, at ESPN, has one with BetMGM. Fox has its own betting platform, Fox Bet. Disney—yes, Disney—<a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/digital/disney-espn-sports-betting-dollars-1235048867/">owns a small stake in DraftKings</a> and is pursuing other options to increase its share of the market. Gambling is now firmly ensconced in the sports matrix. The same companies own the right to broadcast the games, the journalism about the games, and the betting markets for those games. What could go wrong?</p><p class="ArticleParagraph_root__4mszW" data-flatplan-paragraph="true">Sports is just another economic activity now. And the righteousness or unrighteousness of any economic activity is no longer a question that anybody demands answers to, or even ponders much. Transactions once considered the purview of the Mafia have been mainstreamed—credit lines with 23 percent APR, extreme pornography, and legalized gambling all available from a device in your pocket. Remember that the greatest drug pusher of our era is not some Mexican cartel; it’s the family with their name on the wings of museums—the Sacklers. The medical community and government regulators went right along because there was money to be made. Gambling relies on addiction for its business model to function; everybody knows that. But addiction is also the business model for a huge chunk of Silicon Valley. Gambling ruins lives by way of soul-crushing debt; everybody knows that too. But so do the American educational system and the health-care and real-estate markets, which have been rigged by the people at the top to extract as much as possible from the suckers otherwise known as regular people. For most Americans, to participate in the economy in the most basic ways requires engaging in existential risk. In a world where <em>Squid Game</em> cryptocurrency managed to fleece investors of <a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://www.engadget.com/squid-game-cryptocurrency-scam-073957132.html">$3 million in an afternoon</a>, gambling on a sporting event can seem comparatively harmless.</p><p class="ArticleParagraph_root__4mszW ArticleParagraph_dropcap__uIVzg" data-flatplan-paragraph="true" data-flatplan-dropcap="true">G<span class="smallcaps">ambling as a</span> pastime is part of a dismal trend, the inevitable result of market fundamentalism, the belief in the power of capitalism above all, and the collapse of faith in institutions generally.</p><p class="ArticleParagraph_root__4mszW" data-flatplan-paragraph="true">Betting tends to surge during periods of social breakdown. Russia saw a “<a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=41272795">gambling orgy</a>” from 1905 until the outbreak of the Russian Revolution. The Communists believed it was a <a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=41272795">ploy by reactionaries</a>, “associated with the revolutionary movement in the country and even referred to as government measures aimed at distracting the society from political rallies and meetings.” A similar wave of gambling roiled the French Revolution. “By the revolution of 1789, the four-story, quadrangular Palais Royal in Paris had become the most glittering tourist center of Europe, with 180 shops and cafes in its ground floor arcades,” according to <a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24241781/">a report in the </a><a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24241781/"><em>Journal of Gambling Studies</em></a>.</p><div class="ArticleLegacyHtml_root__WFd2I ArticleLegacyHtml_standard__kC_zi"><blockquote class=""><p>By 1791, its basement and secondary story contained over 100 separate, illicit gambling operations featuring the most popular dice and card games. The mania for gambling had been transferred from defunct, monarchical Versailles to the thriving, bourgeois Palais Royal, where the five main gaming clubs throbbed from noon till midnight. During the Revolution, Prince Talleyrand won 30,000 francs at one club, and after Waterloo in 1815, Marshal Blucher lost 1,500,000 francs in one night at another.</p></blockquote></div><p class="ArticleParagraph_root__4mszW" data-flatplan-paragraph="true">Gambling is an entertainment of uncertainty, a way of turning instability into play, of pretending that the structures of life don’t apply to you, that you are exempt from statistics. It’s also a way of avoiding reality, avoiding the future. When the wheel is still spinning, the fall hasn’t come.</p><p id="injected-recirculation-link-1" class="ArticleRelatedContentLink_root__VYc9V" data-view-action="view link - injected link - item 2" data-event-element="injected link" data-event-position="2"><a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/09/micro-betting-could-destroy-sports/620188/">Will Leitch: Sports gambling is a disaster waiting to happen</a></p><p class="ArticleParagraph_root__4mszW" data-flatplan-paragraph="true">Gambling is a symptom, almost an allegory, of American decay. What are we gambling with? What are the stakes? The man who invented poker was smart, the old expression has it, but the man who invented chips was a genius. Gambling is fun because it makes money seem like a game, a trifle. But fiscal silliness has been spreading more broadly recently. Crypto, with a market size that recently exceeded <a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/04/06/cryptocurrency-market-cap-tops-2-trillion-for-the-first-time.html">$2 trillion</a>, has caused a widespread questioning of the <a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://newsletters.theatlantic.com/galaxy-brain/619717362e822d00205ab3e9/case-for-crypto/">very nature of money</a>. Since 2008, the Fed has made <a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/monetary-bathtub-overflowing-inflation-drain-transitory-11634847429">quantitative easing</a>—printing more cash—a part of its regularly scheduled programming. The U.S. money supply grew by $5.5 trillion, a 35.7 percent increase, from December 2019 to August 2021. Inflation is now rising <a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/13/economy/what-is-inflation-explainer/index.html">faster than it has in 20 years</a>. The number in your bank account does not mean today what it meant a month ago. Is currency itself now just the house money of the biggest house in the world? Who <em>isn’t</em> gambling now?</p><p class="ArticleParagraph_root__4mszW ArticleParagraph_dropcap__uIVzg" data-flatplan-paragraph="true" data-flatplan-dropcap="true">T<span class="smallcaps">he consequences of</span> the drastic increase in online betting are largely unknown. Gambling leads directly to increases in state revenues—that much is known, and is the primary reason for the ever-growing availability of legalized betting, from scratch-off lotto cards at the corner bodega to the apps on your phone. Gambling also leads, indirectly, to increases in <a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/6ee1a03d004445ca97377b1f59e14554">violent crime</a>, <a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://www.theguardian.com/society/2019/mar/13/problem-gamblers-at-15-times-higher-risk-of-suicide-study-finds#:~:text=The%20study%20found%20that%20suicide,and%20women%20of%20all%20ages">suicide</a>, <a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6171219_The_Effect_of_Pathological_Gambling_on_Families_Marriages_and_Children">divorce</a>, and <a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5209377_The_Impact_of_Casino_Gambling_on_Personal_Bankruptcy_Filing_Rates">bankruptcy</a>. Problem gambling is a <a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://prism.ucalgary.ca/bitstream/handle/1880/47420/Walker.pdf?sequence=3">significant social cost</a>; the pain of the lives that are ruined spreads to whole families. The rough social cost of a single problem gambler is about <a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://www.baylor.edu/content/services/document.php/144584.pdf">$10,000 a year</a>. Gambling can also be, like many vices, quite a bit of fun for the people whose lives it doesn’t destroy, which includes myself. I once bet (and won) on a crab race. The bet seemed bizarre at the time, not to mention risky; estimating form in hermit crabs can be difficult. Now I think I was only slightly ahead of the curve.</p><p class="ArticleParagraph_root__4mszW" data-flatplan-paragraph="true">The marketplace will only expand from here, and grow more byzantine. One of my teenage son’s friends recently described a scene at his high school to me: boys, in class, on their phones, parlaying German football, Ping-Pong, and F4, making 27-way bets with enormous potential payoffs. Once gambling was limited to a series of games of chance, with players taking risks against set odds. Now any event, any contest with a measurable outcome, is an opportunity to gamble. And we’re only at the beginning of online sports betting. The law changed in 2018. No one can say what the fallout will be, but life will be riskier.</p><p class="ArticleParagraph_root__4mszW" data-flatplan-paragraph="true">The citizens of the United States have accepted their radical precariousness as a way of life. The rise of the gambling industry is just a symptom of our acceptance. Gambling expresses, through entertainment, the basic truth of the moment: Everything—every little thing—can be converted into a marketplace with winners and losers, and the house always wins. The only vice left is being broke.</p><div class="ArticleBody_divider__GpNxD" id="article-end"></div></section><div data-event-module="footer"><div class="ArticleWell_root__fueCa"><div data-event-module="author footer" class="ArticleFooter_authorFooter__5NsdY"><div class="SectionHeading_root__3GnqT"><h3 class="SectionHeading_heading__iNkek">About the Author</h3></div><div class="ArticleBio_root__ua8zj"><address id="article-writer-0" class="ArticleBio_author__6pDyl" data-event-element="author" data-event-position="1" data-flatplan-bio="true"><div class="ArticleBio_content__O0ZVF ArticleBio_noHeadshotContent__RrLmd"><div class="ArticleBio_topContainer__QYRU4"><div><div class="ArticleBio_bioNameMulti__gvg_b"><a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/author/stephen-marche/" data-event-element="author name">Stephen Marche</a></div></div></div><div class="ArticleBio_bioSection__Hef4P"><div class="ArticleBio_bioSection__Hef4P" data-flatplan-bio="true"><a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/author/stephen-marche/" class="author-link" data-label="https://www.theatlantic.com/author/stephen-marche/" data-action="click author - name" >Stephen Marche</a> is the author of <a href="https://bookshop.org/a/12476/9781982123215"><em>The Next Civil War</em></a>.</div><div class="ArticleBio_moreStories__LKpwT"><p class="ArticleBio_contentHeading__cmbmT">More Stories</p><a class="ArticleBio_storyLink__xuRiU" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2025/01/new-orleans-burning-20s/681220/" data-event-element="more stories" data-event-position="1"><p>Welcome to the Burning ’20s</p></a><a class="ArticleBio_storyLink__xuRiU" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2024/09/ai-language-microwave/680049/" data-event-element="more stories" data-event-position="2"><p>AI Is a Language Microwave</p></a></div></div></div></address></div></div></div></div><gpt-ad class="GptAd_root__pAvcS ArticleInjector_root__I7x9v s-native s-native--standard s-native--streamline" format="injector" sizes-at-0="mobile-wide,native,house" targeting-pos="injector-most-popular" sizes-at-976="desktop-wide,native,house"></gpt-ad><div class="ArticleInjector_clsAvoider__dqIAm"></div></article><div></div></main><div></div><div></div></div></div><script id="__NEXT_DATA__" type="application/json">{"props":{"isLoggedIn":false,"hasPaywallAccess":false,"hasAdFree":false,"pageProps":{"id":"BlogArticle:620791","isTnfCompatible":true,"layout":"twocol","hasMeter":true,"url":"https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/11/world-our-casino/620791/","dateModified":"2022-11-11T14:24:45Z","__typename":"BlogArticle","notFound":false,"urqlState":{"2021745665":{"data":"{\"breakingNews\":null}"},"2875945027":{"data":"{\"article\":{\"__typename\":\"BlogArticle\",\"id\":\"BlogArticle:620791\",\"authors\":[{\"url\":\"https://www.theatlantic.com/author/stephen-marche/\",\"displayName\":\"Stephen Marche\",\"__typename\":\"Author\",\"id\":\"Author:3917\",\"isFollowable\":false,\"biography\":{\"default\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.theatlantic.com/author/stephen-marche/\\\" class=\\\"author-link\\\" data-label=\\\"https://www.theatlantic.com/author/stephen-marche/\\\" data-action=\\\"click author - name\\\" \u003eStephen Marche\u003c/a\u003e is the author of \u003ca href=\\\"https://bookshop.org/a/12476/9781982123215\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Next Civil War\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e.\",\"__typename\":\"Biography\"},\"headshot\":null,\"river\":{\"edges\":[{\"cursor\":\"MjAyNS0wMS0wNiAxNDo0MDowOHw2ODEyMjA=\",\"node\":{\"id\":\"BlogArticle:681220\",\"title\":\"Welcome to the Burning ’20s\",\"url\":\"https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2025/01/new-orleans-burning-20s/681220/\",\"__typename\":\"BlogArticle\"},\"__typename\":\"PromoEdge\"},{\"cursor\":\"MjAyNC0wOS0yNyAxMjoxMDoyNnw2ODAwNDk=\",\"node\":{\"id\":\"BlogArticle:680049\",\"title\":\"AI Is a Language Microwave\",\"url\":\"https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2024/09/ai-language-microwave/680049/\",\"__typename\":\"BlogArticle\"},\"__typename\":\"PromoEdge\"},{\"cursor\":\"MjAyNC0wNy0yMSAwNjowMDowMHw2NzkxNjk=\",\"node\":{\"id\":\"BlogArticle:679169\",\"title\":\"The Secret That Dr. Ruth Knew\",\"url\":\"https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2024/07/falling-love-dr-ruth/679169/\",\"__typename\":\"BlogArticle\"},\"__typename\":\"PromoEdge\"}],\"__typename\":\"RiverConnection\"},\"slug\":\"stephen-marche\",\"socialMedia\":[]}],\"authorContext\":null,\"categories\":[],\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"ArticleParagraphContent\",\"subtype\":\"DROPCAP\",\"idAttr\":\"\",\"innerHtml\":\"G\u003cspan class=\\\"smallcaps\\\"\u003eambling has become\u003c/span\u003e one of the defining pleasures of our time, the perfect accompaniment to an era of high-risk, rigged economies and a looming sense of collapse. Once there was Las Vegas; now there’s a Las Vegas in every phone.\"},{\"__typename\":\"ArticleParagraphContent\",\"subtype\":null,\"idAttr\":\"\",\"innerHtml\":\"You can bet on almost anything today. Elections. Literary prizes. If you have a feeling that, say, Lapuan Virkiä is going to beat Porin Pesakarhut in the women’s Superpesis, the top professional pesäpallo league in Finland, you can put your money where your mouth is. During the pandemic, as casinos and racetracks closed, you could wager on the evening’s forecast in real time, or on the upcoming winter snowfall. There was serious action on the highest daily temperatures of major American cities. Then there are the ads. If you watch sports regularly, you probably feel, as I do, that the games have become interruptions in a more or less constant barrage of wagering promotion. Gambling is swallowing sports.\"},{\"__typename\":\"ArticleParagraphContent\",\"subtype\":null,\"idAttr\":\"\",\"innerHtml\":\"The most straightforward reason for the surge in gambling is a change to the law: In 2018, the Supreme Court struck down the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act, opening the door to online sports betting across 21 states. As a direct result, sports-betting revenues grew 69 percent from 2019 to 2020 and \u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/sports-betting-skyrocketed-pandemic-experts-warn-ticking-time-bomb-n1266518\\\"\u003eanother 270 percent\u003c/a\u003e during the first quarter of 2021. Total gambling revenues in the U.S. are set to break \u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/willyakowicz/2021/08/10/us-gambling-revenue-to--break-44-billion-record-in-2021/?sh=78175974677b\\\"\u003ethe $44 billion mark\u003c/a\u003e this year, approaching the size of the market for movies, books, and music combined. For a certain kind of American bettor, yesterday’s Thanksgiving celebration meant wagering on favorites as much as eating turkey or passing out in front of the game. (In the NFL, by the way, playing the favorites is usually a poor bet because they tend to be overvalued, but on Thanksgiving the opposite is true: Since 2003, favored teams have beaten the spread an absurd \u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://nypost.com/2019/11/28/this-failed-betting-strategy-works-on-thanksgiving/\\\"\u003e73.2 percent of the time\u003c/a\u003e, not counting this year’s games. Please do not take this as betting advice. As they say, I’ve always been lucky with gambling: I’ve never won.)\"},{\"__typename\":\"ArticleParagraphContent\",\"subtype\":null,\"idAttr\":\"\",\"innerHtml\":\"For society as a whole, if such a thing exists anymore, there are benefits as well as costs to legal gambling. The chief benefit is that there’s a lot of money to be made, for governments and businesses both. The primary cost is that many unlucky and vulnerable people are destroyed. American society has accepted that trade-off—big money now for social crisis later—on any number of fronts: in its banking sector, in its housing markets, in its health-care industry. The rise of gambling is simply one example of our boundless desire for risk.\"},{\"__typename\":\"ArticleParagraphContent\",\"subtype\":\"DROPCAP\",\"idAttr\":\"\",\"innerHtml\":\"O\u003cspan class=\\\"smallcaps\\\"\u003ence upon a\u003c/span\u003e time, there was the concept of “public morals.” In New York City, of all places, there were squads that enforced bans on pornography, sex work, alcohol, drugs, and gambling. Law enforcement had an explicit mandate to impose collective standards of behavior. This was, consciously, a repressive mechanism with religious roots. Then, slowly, that all went away. The repressive mechanisms rusted and crumbled. Now they’re collapsing.\"},{\"__typename\":\"ArticleParagraphContent\",\"subtype\":null,\"idAttr\":\"\",\"innerHtml\":\"The end of Prohibition in the 1930s and the liberation of the ’60s and subsequent decades amount to the abandonment of these various repressions; we are still in the middle of this trend. Permission to gamble has been more of a continuous process than a singular event, extending from 1961, when betting on horse racing was legalized, to the present. Prohibitions against alcohol, pornography, and marijuana have fallen. The legalization of sex work and the decriminalization of hard drugs are still to come. Liberalization has been slow but consistent because both sides of the political spectrum, even in this moment of extreme, violent hyperpartisanship, agree on the basic principle: Get government out. The left wants the government out of people’s private lives. The right wants the government out of their financial lives. There was, for a time, a kind of balance, weighing the public good against the desires of the market. Then the market won. For one thing, attempts at repression, like the war on alcohol or drugs, often did more harm than good, and regulated markets allowed those substances to be controlled in a much more sensible way than through law enforcement. For another, greed has a tendency to win against any other consideration. The end result is the same: You do you. If it kills you, that’s on you.\"},{\"__typename\":\"ArticleRelatedContentLink\",\"idAttr\":\"injected-recirculation-link-0\",\"innerHtml\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2014/09/how-daily-fantasy-sports-will-create-an-american-gambling-boom/380382/\\\"\u003eRead: The great American gambling boom\u003c/a\u003e\",\"index\":0},{\"__typename\":\"ArticleParagraphContent\",\"subtype\":null,\"idAttr\":\"\",\"innerHtml\":\"But the ban on gambling was more than a prohibition on a form of pleasure that has social costs; it was also a regulation of a predatory economic practice. The ban on sports gambling, in particular, was about retaining the purity of the game, which is just an idealistic way of describing market integrity. Ordinary people would not watch fixed games, just as ordinary people would not invest their money in fixed stock markets; in both cases, fairness is a prerequisite for future investment. The endemic corruption of boxing is one of the reasons its popularity has been in decline for 50 years. Baseball survived \u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/09/opinion/black-sox-scandal-1919.html\\\"\u003ethe Black Sox scandal of 1919\u003c/a\u003e only by taking extreme measures, creating a commissioner role and making the faintest taint of gambling unacceptable. (Pity Pete Rose.)\"},{\"__typename\":\"ArticleWellInlineImage\",\"width\":665,\"height\":532,\"attributionText\":\"\",\"captionText\":\"Mark Pernice\",\"alignment\":null,\"url\":\"https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/6tvVJzyrNLVcSX9IgQqN3XDnVRk=/665x532/media/img/posts/2021/11/image_5/original.png\",\"srcSet\":\"https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/6tvVJzyrNLVcSX9IgQqN3XDnVRk=/665x532/media/img/posts/2021/11/image_5/original.png, https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/0u5OQxHGCfiHFp9IKpnjtS8glfU=/1330x1064/media/img/posts/2021/11/image_5/original.png 2x\",\"altText\":\"An illustration of two die falling out of a medicine container.\",\"crop\":{\"url\":\"https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/WdoZfKkr_jkIaDQSVSZeQumz7b0=/0x0:1800x1440/655x524/media/img/posts/2021/11/image_5/original.png\",\"width\":655,\"height\":524,\"srcSet\":\"https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/WdoZfKkr_jkIaDQSVSZeQumz7b0=/0x0:1800x1440/655x524/media/img/posts/2021/11/image_5/original.png 655w, https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/9cPtnIoZDIVIUziRQZmfvecEPnU=/0x0:1800x1440/750x600/media/img/posts/2021/11/image_5/original.png 750w, https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/yD7VxP3QKIpIB-2ZK75FOXdV4cA=/0x0:1800x1440/850x680/media/img/posts/2021/11/image_5/original.png 850w, https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/K4yrQlQpn-ylneXqwu3QAzJoXfw=/0x0:1800x1440/928x742/media/img/posts/2021/11/image_5/original.png 928w, https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/oQOmnzbzniUGnSxTAoGtJNtLFVU=/0x0:1800x1440/1310x1048/media/img/posts/2021/11/image_5/original.png 1310w\",\"reducedMotionSrcSet\":null,\"__typename\":\"BasicCrop\"},\"clickthroughUrl\":\"\"},{\"__typename\":\"ArticleParagraphContent\",\"subtype\":null,\"idAttr\":\"\",\"innerHtml\":\"Gambling produces corruption the way salt water produces rust. You can fight it for a while, but it wins in the end. Since the opening of Asian online gambling in the 2000s, soccer has been plagued by various scandals. \u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1207660-italys-match-fixing-scandal-5-things-you-need-to-know\\\"\u003eItalian\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/jan/03/match-fixing-scandal-south-africa\\\"\u003eSouth \u003c/a\u003e\u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/jan/03/match-fixing-scandal-south-africa\\\"\u003eAfrican\u003c/a\u003e soccer have been particularly corrupt, and they have paid the price. \u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/09/micro-betting-could-destroy-sports/620188/\\\"\u003eAnother fixing scandal will \u003c/a\u003e\u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/09/micro-betting-could-destroy-sports/620188/\\\"\u003erock\u003c/a\u003e\u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/09/micro-betting-could-destroy-sports/620188/\\\"\u003e American sports\u003c/a\u003e eventually; it’s only a matter of time.\"},{\"__typename\":\"ArticleParagraphContent\",\"subtype\":null,\"idAttr\":\"\",\"innerHtml\":\"What used to be a somewhat skeezy sideline to the entertainment dimension of sports is now front and center. Even a few years ago, for a commentator on a major sports network to mention gambling would have been unheard of. Now it’s commonplace for the announcers to discuss the odds. Charles Barkley, at TNT, has an endorsement deal with FanDuel. Jalen Rose, at ESPN, has one with BetMGM. Fox has its own betting platform, Fox Bet. Disney—yes, Disney—\u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/digital/disney-espn-sports-betting-dollars-1235048867/\\\"\u003eowns a small stake in DraftKings\u003c/a\u003e and is pursuing other options to increase its share of the market. Gambling is now firmly ensconced in the sports matrix. The same companies own the right to broadcast the games, the journalism about the games, and the betting markets for those games. What could go wrong?\"},{\"__typename\":\"ArticleParagraphContent\",\"subtype\":null,\"idAttr\":\"\",\"innerHtml\":\"Sports is just another economic activity now. And the righteousness or unrighteousness of any economic activity is no longer a question that anybody demands answers to, or even ponders much. Transactions once considered the purview of the Mafia have been mainstreamed—credit lines with 23 percent APR, extreme pornography, and legalized gambling all available from a device in your pocket. Remember that the greatest drug pusher of our era is not some Mexican cartel; it’s the family with their name on the wings of museums—the Sacklers. The medical community and government regulators went right along because there was money to be made. Gambling relies on addiction for its business model to function; everybody knows that. But addiction is also the business model for a huge chunk of Silicon Valley. Gambling ruins lives by way of soul-crushing debt; everybody knows that too. But so do the American educational system and the health-care and real-estate markets, which have been rigged by the people at the top to extract as much as possible from the suckers otherwise known as regular people. For most Americans, to participate in the economy in the most basic ways requires engaging in existential risk. In a world where \u003cem\u003eSquid Game\u003c/em\u003e cryptocurrency managed to fleece investors of \u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://www.engadget.com/squid-game-cryptocurrency-scam-073957132.html\\\"\u003e$3 million in an afternoon\u003c/a\u003e, gambling on a sporting event can seem comparatively harmless.\"},{\"__typename\":\"ArticleParagraphContent\",\"subtype\":\"DROPCAP\",\"idAttr\":\"\",\"innerHtml\":\"G\u003cspan class=\\\"smallcaps\\\"\u003eambling as a\u003c/span\u003e pastime is part of a dismal trend, the inevitable result of market fundamentalism, the belief in the power of capitalism above all, and the collapse of faith in institutions generally.\"},{\"__typename\":\"ArticleParagraphContent\",\"subtype\":null,\"idAttr\":\"\",\"innerHtml\":\"Betting tends to surge during periods of social breakdown. Russia saw a “\u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=41272795\\\"\u003egambling orgy\u003c/a\u003e” from 1905 until the outbreak of the Russian Revolution. The Communists believed it was a \u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=41272795\\\"\u003eploy by reactionaries\u003c/a\u003e, “associated with the revolutionary movement in the country and even referred to as government measures aimed at distracting the society from political rallies and meetings.” A similar wave of gambling roiled the French Revolution. “By the revolution of 1789, the four-story, quadrangular Palais Royal in Paris had become the most glittering tourist center of Europe, with 180 shops and cafes in its ground floor arcades,” according to \u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24241781/\\\"\u003ea report in the \u003c/a\u003e\u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24241781/\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eJournal of Gambling Studies\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e.\"},{\"__typename\":\"ArticleLegacyHtml\",\"tagName\":\"BLOCKQUOTE\",\"idAttr\":\"\",\"className\":\"\",\"style\":\"\",\"innerHtml\":\"\u003cp\u003eBy 1791, its basement and secondary story contained over 100 separate, illicit gambling operations featuring the most popular dice and card games. The mania for gambling had been transferred from defunct, monarchical Versailles to the thriving, bourgeois Palais Royal, where the five main gaming clubs throbbed from noon till midnight. During the Revolution, Prince Talleyrand won 30,000 francs at one club, and after Waterloo in 1815, Marshal Blucher lost 1,500,000 francs in one night at another.\u003c/p\u003e\"},{\"__typename\":\"ArticleParagraphContent\",\"subtype\":null,\"idAttr\":\"\",\"innerHtml\":\"Gambling is an entertainment of uncertainty, a way of turning instability into play, of pretending that the structures of life don’t apply to you, that you are exempt from statistics. It’s also a way of avoiding reality, avoiding the future. When the wheel is still spinning, the fall hasn’t come.\"},{\"__typename\":\"ArticleRelatedContentLink\",\"idAttr\":\"injected-recirculation-link-1\",\"innerHtml\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/09/micro-betting-could-destroy-sports/620188/\\\"\u003eWill Leitch: Sports gambling is a disaster waiting to happen\u003c/a\u003e\",\"index\":1},{\"__typename\":\"ArticleParagraphContent\",\"subtype\":null,\"idAttr\":\"\",\"innerHtml\":\"Gambling is a symptom, almost an allegory, of American decay. What are we gambling with? What are the stakes? The man who invented poker was smart, the old expression has it, but the man who invented chips was a genius. Gambling is fun because it makes money seem like a game, a trifle. But fiscal silliness has been spreading more broadly recently. Crypto, with a market size that recently exceeded \u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://www.cnbc.com/2021/04/06/cryptocurrency-market-cap-tops-2-trillion-for-the-first-time.html\\\"\u003e$2 trillion\u003c/a\u003e, has caused a widespread questioning of the \u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://newsletters.theatlantic.com/galaxy-brain/619717362e822d00205ab3e9/case-for-crypto/\\\"\u003every nature of money\u003c/a\u003e. Since 2008, the Fed has made \u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/monetary-bathtub-overflowing-inflation-drain-transitory-11634847429\\\"\u003equantitative easing\u003c/a\u003e—printing more cash—a part of its regularly scheduled programming. The U.S. money supply grew by $5.5 trillion, a 35.7 percent increase, from December 2019 to August 2021. Inflation is now rising \u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/13/economy/what-is-inflation-explainer/index.html\\\"\u003efaster than it has in 20 years\u003c/a\u003e. The number in your bank account does not mean today what it meant a month ago. Is currency itself now just the house money of the biggest house in the world? Who \u003cem\u003eisn’t\u003c/em\u003e gambling now?\"},{\"__typename\":\"ArticleParagraphContent\",\"subtype\":\"DROPCAP\",\"idAttr\":\"\",\"innerHtml\":\"T\u003cspan class=\\\"smallcaps\\\"\u003ehe consequences of\u003c/span\u003e the drastic increase in online betting are largely unknown. Gambling leads directly to increases in state revenues—that much is known, and is the primary reason for the ever-growing availability of legalized betting, from scratch-off lotto cards at the corner bodega to the apps on your phone. Gambling also leads, indirectly, to increases in \u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/6ee1a03d004445ca97377b1f59e14554\\\"\u003eviolent crime\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://www.theguardian.com/society/2019/mar/13/problem-gamblers-at-15-times-higher-risk-of-suicide-study-finds#:~:text=The%20study%20found%20that%20suicide,and%20women%20of%20all%20ages\\\"\u003esuicide\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6171219_The_Effect_of_Pathological_Gambling_on_Families_Marriages_and_Children\\\"\u003edivorce\u003c/a\u003e, and \u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5209377_The_Impact_of_Casino_Gambling_on_Personal_Bankruptcy_Filing_Rates\\\"\u003ebankruptcy\u003c/a\u003e. Problem gambling is a \u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://prism.ucalgary.ca/bitstream/handle/1880/47420/Walker.pdf?sequence=3\\\"\u003esignificant social cost\u003c/a\u003e; the pain of the lives that are ruined spreads to whole families. The rough social cost of a single problem gambler is about \u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://www.baylor.edu/content/services/document.php/144584.pdf\\\"\u003e$10,000 a year\u003c/a\u003e. Gambling can also be, like many vices, quite a bit of fun for the people whose lives it doesn’t destroy, which includes myself. I once bet (and won) on a crab race. The bet seemed bizarre at the time, not to mention risky; estimating form in hermit crabs can be difficult. Now I think I was only slightly ahead of the curve.\"},{\"__typename\":\"ArticleParagraphContent\",\"subtype\":null,\"idAttr\":\"\",\"innerHtml\":\"The marketplace will only expand from here, and grow more byzantine. One of my teenage son’s friends recently described a scene at his high school to me: boys, in class, on their phones, parlaying German football, Ping-Pong, and F4, making 27-way bets with enormous potential payoffs. Once gambling was limited to a series of games of chance, with players taking risks against set odds. Now any event, any contest with a measurable outcome, is an opportunity to gamble. And we’re only at the beginning of online sports betting. The law changed in 2018. No one can say what the fallout will be, but life will be riskier.\"},{\"__typename\":\"ArticleParagraphContent\",\"subtype\":null,\"idAttr\":\"\",\"innerHtml\":\"The citizens of the United States have accepted their radical precariousness as a way of life. The rise of the gambling industry is just a symptom of our acceptance. Gambling expresses, through entertainment, the basic truth of the moment: Everything—every little thing—can be converted into a marketplace with winners and losers, and the house always wins. The only vice left is being broke.\"}],\"editorialProject\":null,\"primaryCategory\":{\"__typename\":\"Channel\",\"displayName\":\"Ideas\",\"url\":\"https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/\",\"slug\":\"ideas\"},\"reviews\":[],\"embeds\":[],\"preview\":null,\"tags\":[],\"layout\":\"twocol\",\"secondaryByline\":\"\",\"dek\":\"When life feels this precarious, it’s only natural to roll the dice on just about everything.\",\"url\":\"https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/11/world-our-casino/620791/\",\"shareText\":\"\\\"Gambling is a symptom, almost an allegory, of American decay,\\\" @StephenMarche writes. \\\"What are we gambling with? What are the stakes?\\\"\",\"shareTitle\":\"America’s Gambling Addiction Is Metastasizing\",\"title\":\"America’s Gambling Addiction Is Metastasizing\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-11-26T12:00:00Z\",\"editorsNote\":null,\"leadArt\":{\"__typename\":\"LeadArtImageVertical\",\"image\":{\"url\":\"https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/bR2rdAChRdezsjuqX3wLb8VaOn0=/0x0:1920x2400/648x810/media/img/2021/11/24/The_Atlantic_casinoatm_F_vert/original.jpg\",\"width\":648,\"height\":810,\"srcSet\":\"https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/qvbSzokit_s93iIJqtcU8ukWw9M=/0x0:1920x2400/296x370/media/img/2021/11/24/The_Atlantic_casinoatm_F_vert/original.jpg 296w, https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/SdTw18CtEzz6x40IpkDnMeX2aUc=/0x0:1920x2400/311x389/media/img/2021/11/24/The_Atlantic_casinoatm_F_vert/original.jpg 311w, https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/iihAmwaXrzrRO37zA3mGNLe3gqw=/0x0:1920x2400/592x740/media/img/2021/11/24/The_Atlantic_casinoatm_F_vert/original.jpg 592w, https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/UZs9hJqClMMTOWaASt0PcrjeuPQ=/0x0:1920x2400/622x778/media/img/2021/11/24/The_Atlantic_casinoatm_F_vert/original.jpg 622w, https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/M39JUzpSWsVOvraMCBR9BvziuT0=/0x0:1920x2400/665x831/media/img/2021/11/24/The_Atlantic_casinoatm_F_vert/original.jpg 665w, https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/_nvCXCRcz4oSfQw-lGZlpoEpxJo=/0x0:1920x2400/960x1200/media/img/2021/11/24/The_Atlantic_casinoatm_F_vert/original.jpg 960w, https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/VKegqNEMnfwYXPKgbtydp_qUUxo=/0x0:1920x2400/1330x1663/media/img/2021/11/24/The_Atlantic_casinoatm_F_vert/original.jpg 1330w\",\"reducedMotionSrcSet\":null,\"altText\":\"Artwork of a combination ATM-slot machine with small illustrations of a graduation cap, a house, and a suit and tie on the game screen.\",\"captionText\":\"\",\"attributionText\":\"Mark Pernice\",\"attributionUrl\":\"\",\"__typename\":\"BasicImage\"}},\"audio\":null,\"hasAudioRights\":null,\"narratedAudioImage\":{\"url\":\"https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/PN-ql3rNpbJ6Y9BzdLalv9B7H2c=/280x0:1000x720/80x80/media/img/mt/2021/11/The_Atlantic_atm_16x9/original.jpg\",\"srcSet\":\"https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/PN-ql3rNpbJ6Y9BzdLalv9B7H2c=/280x0:1000x720/80x80/media/img/mt/2021/11/The_Atlantic_atm_16x9/original.jpg 80w, https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/Hshx2jNCAcs8FrSRBPp0Dfj6R1A=/280x0:1000x720/96x96/media/img/mt/2021/11/The_Atlantic_atm_16x9/original.jpg 96w, https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/7zLZ2bBQTW0kaRgZR8jSY5xOrPM=/280x0:1000x720/128x128/media/img/mt/2021/11/The_Atlantic_atm_16x9/original.jpg 128w, https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/zSnsRP6Eg1o-ny529KX2-JnMX3Y=/280x0:1000x720/160x160/media/img/mt/2021/11/The_Atlantic_atm_16x9/original.jpg 160w, https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/Oy5nD9PEidqVfORAxiFeqLxInQM=/280x0:1000x720/192x192/media/img/mt/2021/11/The_Atlantic_atm_16x9/original.jpg 192w, https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/pgeU1oMehxirftgsUb_a18MEi_M=/280x0:1000x720/256x256/media/img/mt/2021/11/The_Atlantic_atm_16x9/original.jpg 256w, https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/WyPbW8jYDGCKXi2n-xzYN8hqb3Y=/280x0:1000x720/384x384/media/img/mt/2021/11/The_Atlantic_atm_16x9/original.jpg 384w, https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/wmGhi1qGC1rjI3B5vBwKSsWaL3M=/280x0:1000x720/512x512/media/img/mt/2021/11/The_Atlantic_atm_16x9/original.jpg 512w\",\"width\":80,\"height\":80,\"altText\":\"Artwork of a combination ATM-slot machine with small illustrations of a graduation cap, a house, and a suit and tie on the game screen.\",\"__typename\":\"BasicImage\"},\"seoTitle\":\"America’s Gambling Addiction Is Metastasizing\",\"hasMeter\":true,\"channels\":[{\"slug\":\"ideas\",\"__typename\":\"Channel\"}],\"primaryChannel\":{\"slug\":\"ideas\",\"__typename\":\"Channel\",\"displayName\":\"Ideas\"},\"shareDek\":\"When life feels this precarious, it’s only natural to roll the dice on just about everything.\",\"fbiaUrl\":\"https://www.theatlantic.com/facebook-instant/article/620791/\",\"canonicalUrl\":\"https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/11/world-our-casino/620791/\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-11-11T14:24:45Z\",\"syndication\":\"ALL\",\"shareImage2x1\":{\"url\":\"https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/mtlTevuWOqo6CDkLEZN6vwFnKQ8=/0x27:1280x694/1200x625/media/img/mt/2021/11/The_Atlantic_atm_16x9/original.jpg\",\"height\":625,\"width\":1200,\"__typename\":\"BasicImage\"},\"shareImageGift2x1\":{\"url\":\"https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/YHxbsuR76_6dnGci0jccCUu-y9U=/0x27:1280x694/1200x625/filters:watermark(https://cdn.theatlantic.com/media/files/badge_2x.png,-20,20,0,33)/media/img/mt/2021/11/The_Atlantic_atm_16x9/original.jpg\",\"height\":625,\"width\":1200,\"__typename\":\"BasicImage\"},\"shareImageGiftSmall\":{\"url\":\"https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/HIwAXDLpZcwDODJkpYdWTzWH0P8=/2x26:1277x695/960x504/filters:watermark(https://cdn.theatlantic.com/media/files/badge_2x.png,-20,20,0,33)/media/img/mt/2021/11/The_Atlantic_atm_16x9/original.jpg\",\"height\":504,\"width\":960,\"__typename\":\"BasicImage\"},\"shareImageSmall\":{\"url\":\"https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/ea_vOHxXtEBsqM0MJeGyK2GHghw=/2x26:1277x695/960x504/media/img/mt/2021/11/The_Atlantic_atm_16x9/original.jpg\",\"height\":504,\"width\":960,\"__typename\":\"BasicImage\"},\"watsonInfo\":{\"keywords\":[\"Total gambling revenues\",\"much more sensible way\",\"Gambling\",\"sports-betting revenues\",\"size of the market\",\"rise of gambling\",\"vulnerable people\",\"extreme measures\",\"legal gambling\",\"New York City\",\"great American gambling boomBut\",\"end of Prohibition\",\"defining pleasures of our time\",\"Black Sox scandal\",\"direct result\",\"singular event\",\"kind of American bettor\",\"American society\",\"online sports\",\"medical community\",\"basic principle\",\"Ordinary people\",\"outbreak of the Russian Revolution\",\"social crisis\",\"Squid Game cryptocurrency\",\"percent increase\",\"sporting event\",\"house money of the biggest house\",\"Disney\",\"real time\",\"opening of Asian online gambling\",\"Mark Pernice Gambling\",\"entertainment dimension of sports\",\"social costs\",\"similar wave of gambling\",\"little thing\",\"teenage son’s friends\",\"era of high-risk\",\"quadrangular Palais Royal\",\"sports gambling\",\"Supreme Court\",\"American sports\",\"old expression\",\"French Revolution\",\"continuous process\",\"big money\",\"people’s private lives\",\"revolutionary movement\",\"most glittering tourist center of Europe\",\"Law enforcement\"],\"__typename\":\"WatsonInfo\"},\"shareImage1x1\":null,\"shareImage16x9\":null,\"shareImage4x3\":null,\"shareImageDefault\":{\"width\":960,\"height\":540,\"url\":\"https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/5WxzOoJlxnZAKuThg8xFeFgGIKI=/0x0:1280x720/960x540/media/img/mt/2021/11/The_Atlantic_atm_16x9/original.jpg\",\"__typename\":\"BasicImage\"},\"shareImageSquareDefault\":{\"width\":540,\"height\":540,\"url\":\"https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/44IyDtca1qLz2jJSgfWObH4pQEs=/280x0:1000x720/540x540/media/img/mt/2021/11/The_Atlantic_atm_16x9/original.jpg\",\"__typename\":\"BasicImage\"},\"shareImageLeadArt\":{\"__typename\":\"LeadArtImageVertical\"},\"slug\":\"world-our-casino\",\"grapeshot\":{\"segments\":[\"shadow9hu7_pos_goldman_sachs\",\"shadow9hu7_pos_bofa-kwlist\",\"shadow9hu7_pos_israel_conflict\",\"gb_safe\",\"pos_gucci\",\"pos_jpmc\",\"pos_mastercard\",\"pos_oceangate\",\"gs_busfin\",\"shadow9hu7_pos_lexus_fy23\",\"gt_negative\",\"gs_attractions\",\"politics_tbs_anyrisk\",\"gs_busfin_economy\",\"gs_sport\",\"gs_attractions_gambling\",\"shadow9hu7_pos_customtopics\",\"gs_entertain_gambling\"],\"__typename\":\"Grapeshot\"}}}"},"3136517712":{"data":"{\"article\":{\"primaryCategory\":{\"__typename\":\"Channel\"},\"editorialProject\":null,\"__typename\":\"BlogArticle\"}}"},"3149534201":{"data":"{\"article\":{\"id\":\"BlogArticle:620791\",\"isTnfCompatible\":true,\"layout\":\"twocol\",\"hasMeter\":true,\"url\":\"https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/11/world-our-casino/620791/\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-11-11T14:24:45Z\",\"__typename\":\"BlogArticle\"}}"}},"urqlClient":null},"isSocialBot":false},"page":"/[channel]/archive/[year]/[month]/[slug]/[id]","query":{"channel":"ideas","year":"2021","month":"11","slug":"world-our-casino","id":"620791"},"buildId":"c2d292030b","assetPrefix":"https://cdn.theatlantic.com","runtimeConfig":{"GTM_CONTAINER_ID":"GTM-NTQTB9V","GTM_CONTAINER_ID_NONCONSENTED":"GTM-5839GV7","GRAPHQL_API_URL":"https://graphql.theatlantic.com","GRAPHQL_API_KEY":"JakhyMEXwa9odtB8gBxFI63ITyKqDGkn7ciGVIJf","ADS_LIB_URL":"https://www.theatlantic.com/packages/hummingbirdjs/hummingbird.min.js","ACCOUNTS_FRONTEND_URL":"https://accounts.theatlantic.com","ENABLE_FEATURE_ARTICLE_RENDER":"false","RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY":"6Lc9Z7AUAAAAAEYS1dgAG2_6tT3KLqZQ1z4kbDRc","BETA_ENV":false},"isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[9587,50649],"gip":true,"appGip":true,"scriptLoader":[]}</script><script nomodule="" src="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/polyfills-c67a75d1b6f99dc8.js"></script><script async="" src="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/9587.03e639dfa3e4199a.js"></script><script src="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/webpack-e382ce8573ce915d.js" async=""></script><script src="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/framework-ca706bf673a13738.js" async=""></script><script src="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/main-0611245ba93196be.js" async=""></script><script src="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/pages/_app-4a4521c8251e98ef.js" async=""></script><script src="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/6729-7978443139836095.js" async=""></script><script src="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/8286-b35c81576953924b.js" async=""></script><script src="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/436-aadfbd871a794704.js" async=""></script><script src="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/9843-267e63e874251a37.js" async=""></script><script src="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/899-448b91a629016ff2.js" async=""></script><script src="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/2912-ebf029ed4116b01f.js" async=""></script><script src="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/6772-2c0b832574392efa.js" async=""></script><script src="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/6392-1397c4f8500d73b6.js" async=""></script><script src="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/4947-607d15e1756278f9.js" async=""></script><script src="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/3297-543c6448c0812417.js" async=""></script><script src="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/365-09c3f00366a4c3f6.js" async=""></script><script src="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/8849-ca6c5b68c97b8238.js" async=""></script><script src="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/9310-d0d5baafd7a7f3b8.js" async=""></script><script src="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/4742-509dbec7680a76ec.js" async=""></script><script src="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/1730-999b0129269ea1cb.js" async=""></script><script src="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/2093-764360aebf316f7a.js" async=""></script><script src="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/5273-4d82a687024fdc4f.js" async=""></script><script src="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/2381-907c18d9ebbfaace.js" async=""></script><script src="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/chunks/pages/%5Bchannel%5D/archive/%5Byear%5D/%5Bmonth%5D/%5Bslug%5D/%5Bid%5D-6d3cbb2be5666618.js" async=""></script><script src="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/c2d292030b/_buildManifest.js" async=""></script><script src="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/c2d292030b/_ssgManifest.js" async=""></script></body></html>