Help Center - Stack Overflow

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="html__responsive html__unpinned-leftnav"> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=7YQSqjSh" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://stackoverflow.com/help","20191221060736","https://web.archive.org/","web","https://web-static.archive.org/_static/", "1576908456"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=p7PEIJWi" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <title>Help Center - Stack Overflow</title> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736im_/https://cdn.sstatic.net/Sites/stackoverflow/img/favicon.ico?v=4f32ecc8f43d"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736im_/https://cdn.sstatic.net/Sites/stackoverflow/img/apple-touch-icon.png?v=c78bd457575a"> <link rel="image_src" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736im_/https://cdn.sstatic.net/Sites/stackoverflow/img/apple-touch-icon.png?v=c78bd457575a"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Stack Overflow" href="/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/opensearch.xml"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, height=device-height, initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/help"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Stack Overflow"/> <meta property="og:image" itemprop="image primaryImageOfPage" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736im_/https://cdn.sstatic.net/Sites/stackoverflow/img/apple-touch-icon@2.png?v=73d79a89bded"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/> <meta name="twitter:domain" content="stackoverflow.com"/> <meta name="twitter:title" property="og:title" itemprop="name" content="Help Center"/> <meta name="twitter:description" property="og:description" itemprop="description" content="Stack Overflow | The World’s Largest Online Community for Developers"/> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736js_/https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736js_/https://cdn.sstatic.net/Js/stub.en.js?v=9f169562160d"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736cs_/https://cdn.sstatic.net/Shared/stacks.css?v=d0797a2dd6f2"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736cs_/https://cdn.sstatic.net/Sites/stackoverflow/primary.css?v=b556f32ececa"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736cs_/https://cdn.sstatic.net/Sites/stackoverflow/secondary.css?v=963d6491656b"> <script> StackExchange.init({"locale":"en","serverTime":1576908456,"routeName":"Help/Index","stackAuthUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackauth.com","networkMetaHostname":"meta.stackexchange.com","site":{"name":"Stack Overflow","description":"Q&A for professional and enthusiast programmers","isNoticesTabEnabled":true,"enableNewTagCreationWarning":true,"insertSpaceAfterNameTabCompletion":false,"id":1,"childUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://meta.stackoverflow.com","negativeVoteScoreFloor":null,"enableSocialMediaInSharePopup":true,"protocol":"https"},"user":{"fkey":"71a5bd0c6f1995d18c6e400b1c2debe64268017d45a5bfd693a8c6e9bd89b4b1","tid":"bf6a4aa5-7a1d-1d17-43af-7b687666b4ce","rep":0,"isAnonymous":true,"isAnonymousNetworkWide":true},"events":{"postType":{"question":1},"postEditionSection":{"title":1,"body":2,"tags":3}},"story":{"minCompleteBodyLength":75,"likedTagsMaxLength":300,"dislikedTagsMaxLength":300},"jobPreferences":{"maxNumDeveloperRoles":2,"maxNumIndustries":4},"svgIconPath":"https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://cdn.sstatic.net/Img/svg-icons","svgIconHash":"53ac0f6119d0"}, {"userProfile":{"openGraphAPIKey":"4a307e43-b625-49bb-af15-ffadf2bda017"},"userMessaging":{},"tags":{},"snippets":{"renderDomain":"stacksnippets.net","snippetsEnabled":true},"slack":{"sidebarAdDismissCookie":"slack-sidebar-ad"},"site":{"allowImageUploads":true,"enableImgurHttps":true,"enableUserHovercards":true,"forceHttpsImages":true,"styleCode":true},"questions":{"showPostNoticesV2":true},"paths":{},"monitoring":{"clientTimingsAbsoluteTimeout":30000,"clientTimingsDebounceTimeout":1000},"mentions":{"maxNumUsersInDropdown":50},"markdown":{"asteriskIntraWordEmphasis":true},"flags":{"allowRetractingCommentFlags":true,"allowRetractingFlags":true},"comments":{},"accounts":{"currentPasswordRequiredForChangingStackIdPassword":true}}); StackExchange.using.setCacheBreakers({"js/prettify-full.en.js":"69d436760fac","js/moderator.en.js":"125735135d93","js/full-anon.en.js":"a247a68df165","js/full.en.js":"68bef5b3498f","js/wmd.en.js":"4312fbdfa73e","js/mobile.en.js":"a168d277c579","js/help.en.js":"333a277c90d9","js/tageditor.en.js":"37097f75c372","js/tageditornew.en.js":"cd3a42239063","js/inline-tag-editing.en.js":"b5436857e5dd","js/revisions.en.js":"afe2d907a369","js/review.en.js":"81797aa05021","js/tagsuggestions.en.js":"9b2c5d9791d2","js/post-validation.en.js":"b091e61add6d","js/explore-qlist.en.js":"d046fe5d0680","js/events.en.js":"0583c0e7df59","js/keyboard-shortcuts.en.js":"092ae1f2ac26","js/adops.en.js":"6b9883f0531e","js/begin-edit-event.en.js":"8f05bb4ed432","js/ask.en.js":"2f9e47b8ff03","js/question-editor.en.js":"","js/snippet-javascript-codemirror.en.js":"abb4525ee49a"}); StackExchange.using("gps", function() { StackExchange.gps.init(true); }); </script> <noscript id="noscript-css"><style>body,.top-bar{margin-top:1.9em}</style></noscript> </head> <body class="faq-page unified-theme"> <div id="notify-container"></div> <div id="custom-header"></div> <header class="top-bar js-top-bar top-bar__network _fixed"> <div class="wmx12 mx-auto grid ai-center h100" role="menubar"> <div class="-main grid--cell"> <a href="#" class="left-sidebar-toggle p0 ai-center jc-center js-left-sidebar-toggle" role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="left-sidebar" aria-expanded="false"><span class="ps-relative"></span></a> <div class="topbar-dialog leftnav-dialog js-leftnav-dialog dno"> <div class="left-sidebar js-unpinned-left-sidebar" data-can-be="left-sidebar" data-is-here-when="sm md lg"></div> </div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/" class="-logo js-gps-track" data-gps-track="top_nav.click({is_current:false, location:7, destination:8})"> <span class="-img _glyph">Stack Overflow</span> </a> </div> <ol class="list-reset grid gs4" role="presentation"> <li class="grid--cell"> <a href="#" class="-marketing-link js-gps-track js-products-menu" aria-controls="products-popover" data-controller="s-popover" data-action="s-popover#toggle" data-s-popover-placement="bottom" data-gps-track="top_nav.products.click({location:7, destination:1})" data-ga="["top navigation","products menu click",null,null,null]"> Products </a> </li> <li class="grid--cell md:d-none"> <a href="/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/teams/customers" class="-marketing-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="top_nav.products.click({location:7, destination:7})" data-ga="["top navigation","customers menu click",null,null,null]">Customers</a> </li> <li class="grid--cell md:d-none"> <a href="/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/teams/use-cases" class="-marketing-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="top_nav.products.click({location:7, destination:8})" data-ga="["top navigation","use cases menu click",null,null,null]">Use cases</a> </li> </ol> <div class="s-popover ws2 p6" id="products-popover" role="menu" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="s-popover--arrow"></div> <ol class="list-reset s-anchors s-anchors__inherit"> <li> <a href="/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/questions" class="d-block py6 px6 bar-sm h:bg-orange-500 h:fc-white js-gps-track" data-gps-track="top_nav.products.click({location:7, destination:2})" data-ga="["top navigation","public qa submenu click",null,null,null]"> <span class="fs-body1 d-block">Stack Overflow</span> <span class="fs-caption d-block o70">Public questions and answers</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/teams" class="d-block py6 px6 bar-sm h:bg-orange-500 h:fc-white js-gps-track" data-gps-track="top_nav.products.click({location:7, destination:3})" data-ga="["top navigation","teams submenu click",null,null,null]"> <span class="fs-body1 d-block">Teams</span> <span class="fs-caption d-block o70">Private questions and answers for your team</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/enterprise" class="d-block py6 px6 bar-sm h:bg-orange-500 h:fc-white js-gps-track" data-gps-track="top_nav.products.click({location:7, destination:4})" data-ga="["top navigation","enterprise submenu click",null,null,null]"> <span class="fs-body1 d-block">Enterprise</span> <span class="fs-caption d-block o70">Private self-hosted questions and answers for your enterprise</span> </a> </li> <li class="bt bc-black-3 mln6 mrn6 mt6 pt6 px6"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/talent" class="d-block py6 px6 bar-sm h:bg-orange-500 h:fc-white js-gps-track" data-gps-track="top_nav.products.click({location:7, destination:5})" data-ga="["top navigation","talent submenu click",null,null,null]"> <span class="fs-body1 d-block">Talent</span> <span class="fs-caption d-block o70">Hire technical talent</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/advertising" class="d-block py6 px6 bar-sm h:bg-orange-500 h:fc-white js-gps-track" data-gps-track="top_nav.products.click({location:7, destination:6})" data-ga="["top navigation","advertising submenu click",null,null,null]"> <span class="fs-body1 d-block">Advertising</span> <span class="fs-caption d-block o70">Reach developers worldwide</span> </a> </li> </ol> </div> <form id="search" role="search" action="/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/search" method="get" class="grid--cell fl-grow1 searchbar px12 js-searchbar " autocomplete="off"> <div class="ps-relative"> <input name="q" type="text" placeholder="Search…" value="" autocomplete="off" maxlength="240" class="s-input s-input__search js-search-field " aria-label="Search" aria-controls="top-search" data-controller="s-popover" data-action="focus->s-popover#show" data-s-popover-placement="bottom-start"/> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="svg-icon s-input-icon s-input-icon__search iconSearch" width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 18 18"><path d="M18 16.5l-5.14-5.18h-.35a7 7 0 1 0-1.19 1.19v.35L16.5 18l1.5-1.5zM12 7A5 5 0 1 1 2 7a5 5 0 0 1 10 0z"/></svg> <div class="s-popover p0 wmx100 wmn4 sm:wmn-initial js-top-search-popover s-popover--arrow__tl" id="top-search" role="menu"> <div class="js-spinner p24 grid ai-center jc-center d-none"> <div class="s-spinner s-spinner__sm fc-orange-400"> <div class="v-visible-sr">Loading…</div> </div> </div> <span class="v-visible-sr js-screen-reader-info"></span> <div class="js-ac-results overflow-y-auto hmx3 d-none"></div> <div class="js-search-hints" aria-describedby="Tips for searching"></div> </div> </div> </form> <ol class="overflow-x-auto ml-auto -secondary grid ai-center list-reset h100 user-logged-out" role="presentation"> <li class="-item searchbar-trigger"><a href="#" class="-link js-searchbar-trigger" role="button" aria-label="Search" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="search" title="Click to show search"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="svg-icon iconSearch" width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 18 18"><path d="M18 16.5l-5.14-5.18h-.35a7 7 0 1 0-1.19 1.19v.35L16.5 18l1.5-1.5zM12 7A5 5 0 1 1 2 7a5 5 0 0 1 10 0z"/></svg></a></li> <li class="-ctas"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/users/login?ssrc=head&returnurl=https%3a%2f%2fstackoverflow.com%2fhelp" class="login-link s-btn s-btn__filled py8 js-gps-track" rel="nofollow" data-gps-track="login.click" data-ga="["top navigation","login button click",null,null,null]">Log in</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/users/signup?ssrc=head&returnurl=%2fusers%2fstory%2fcurrent" class="login-link s-btn s-btn__primary py8" rel="nofollow" data-ga="["sign up","Sign Up Navigation","Header",null,null]">Sign up</a> </li> <li class="js-topbar-dialog-corral" role="presentation"> <div class="topbar-dialog siteSwitcher-dialog dno" role="menu"> <div class="header"> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/">current community</a> </h3> </div> <div class="modal-content current-site-container"> <ul class="current-site"> <li class="grid"> <div class="fl1"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/" class="current-site-link site-link js-gps-track grid gs8 gsx" data-id="1" data-gps-track="site_switcher.click({ item_type:3 })"> <div class="favicon favicon-stackoverflow site-icon grid--cell" title="Stack Overflow"></div> <span class="grid--cell fl1"> Stack Overflow </span> </a> </div> <div class="related-links"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/help" class="js-gps-track" data-gps-track="site_switcher.click({ item_type:14 })">help</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://chat.stackoverflow.com/" class="js-gps-track" data-gps-track="site_switcher.click({ item_type:6 })">chat</a> </div> </li> <li class="related-site grid"> <div class="L-shaped-icon-container"> <span class="L-shaped-icon"></span> </div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://meta.stackoverflow.com/" class="site-link js-gps-track grid gs8 gsx" data-id="552" data-gps-track="site.switch({ target_site:552, item_type:3 }),site_switcher.click({ item_type:4 })"> <div class="favicon favicon-stackoverflowmeta site-icon grid--cell" title="Meta Stack Overflow"></div> <span class="grid--cell fl1"> Meta Stack Overflow </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="header" id="your-communities-header"> <h3> your communities </h3> </div> <div class="modal-content" id="your-communities-section"> <div class="call-to-login"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/users/signup?ssrc=site_switcher&returnurl=%2fusers%2fstory%2fcurrent" class="login-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="site_switcher.click({ item_type:10 })">Sign up</a> or <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/users/login?ssrc=site_switcher&returnurl=https%3a%2f%2fstackoverflow.com%2fhelp" class="login-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="site_switcher.click({ item_type:11 })">log in</a> to customize your list. </div> </div> <div class="header"> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackexchange.com/sites">more stack exchange communities</a> </h3> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.blog/" class="fr">company blog</a> </div> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="child-content"></div> </div> </div> </li> </ol> </div> </header> <div id="js-gdpr-consent-banner" class="p8 ff-sans ps-fixed b0 l0 r0 z-banner" role="banner" aria-hidden="false" style="background-color: #3b4045; color: white;"> <div class="wmx8 mx-auto grid grid__center" role="alertdialog" aria-describedby="notice-message"> <div class="grid--cell mr12" aria-label="notice-message"> <p class="mb0 lh-lg"> By using our site, you acknowledge that you have read and understand our <a class="s-link s-link__inherit td-underline fc-white" target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/legal/cookie-policy">Cookie Policy</a>, <a class="s-link s-link__inherit td-underline fc-white" target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/legal/privacy-policy">Privacy Policy</a>, and our <a class="s-link s-link__inherit td-underline fc-white" target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/legal/terms-of-service/public">Terms of Service</a>. </p> </div> <div class="grid--cell"> <a class="s-btn s-btn__muted s-btn__icon js-notice-close" aria-label="notice-dismiss"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="svg-icon iconClear" width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 18 18"><path d="M15 4.41L13.59 3 9 7.59 4.41 3 3 4.41 7.59 9 3 13.59 4.41 15 9 10.41 13.59 15 15 13.59 10.41 9 15 4.41z"/></svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> <script> StackExchange.ready(function () { StackExchange.topbar.init(); }); StackExchange.scrollPadding.setPaddingTop(50, 10); </script> <div class="py48 bg-black-750 fc-black-200 sm:pt24 sm:pb24 ps-relative"> <div class="px12 grid ai-center jc-center mx-auto wmx12 sm:fd-column"> <div class="grid--cell wmx3 fs-body2 mr64 md:mr32 sm:mr0 sm:ta-center sm:mr0 sm:ta-center"> <p>New to Stack Overflow? Find out everything you need to get started by taking the tour. If you still have questions, come back and check out the pinned articles.</p> <a href="/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/tour" class="s-btn s-btn__primary">Take the 2-minute tour</a> </div> <div class="grid fd-column ai-center wmn3 sm:wmn-initial sm:mt32 hero-background"> <div class="grid ai-center mb24 sm:mb16"> <div class="grid--cell mr16"> <img width="31" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736im_/https://cdn.sstatic.net/Img/hero/anonymousHeroQuestions.svg?v=748bfb046b78"> </div> <div class="grid--cell"> </div> </div> <div class="grid ai-center mb24 sm:mb16"> <div class="grid--cell mr16"> <img width="35" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736im_/https://cdn.sstatic.net/Img/hero/anonymousHeroAnswers.svg?v=d5348b00eddc"> </div> <div class="grid--cell"> </div> </div> <div class="grid ai-center"> <div class="grid--cell mr16"> <img width="24" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736im_/https://cdn.sstatic.net/Img/hero/anonymousHeroUpvote.svg?v=af2bb70d5d1b"> </div> <div class="grid--cell wmx2"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script> StackExchange.ready(function () { StackExchange.Hero.init("hlp", "a"); var location = 0; if ($("body").hasClass("questions-page")) { location = 1; } else if ($("body").hasClass("question-page")) { location = 1; } else if ($("body").hasClass("faq-page")) { location = 5; } else if ($("body").hasClass("home-page")) { location = 3; } $('.js-cta-button').click(function () { StackExchange.using("gps", function () { StackExchange.gps.track("aboutpage.click", { aboutclick_location: "hero" }, true); StackExchange.gps.track("hero.action", { hero_action_type: 'cta', location: location }, true); }); }); // TODO: we should review the class names and whatnot in use here. Older heroes use id selectors, the newer // sticky question hero on SO has a .js-dismiss class instead, but it's apparently not used anywhere... // It's not great. Ideally we'd have a set of classes in the partials above that would correspond to // the behaviours we want here in a more clear way. // sticky question-page hero at the bottom of the page on SO $('.js-dismiss').on('click', function () { StackExchange.using("gps", function () { StackExchange.gps.track("hero.action", { hero_action_type: "close", location: location }, true); }); StackExchange.Hero.dismiss(); $(".js-dismissable-hero").fadeOut("fast"); }); }); </script> <script> StackExchange.using("gps", function () { StackExchange.gps.track("hero.show", { hero_type: "helphero", location: 5 }, true); }); </script> <div class="container"> <div id="left-sidebar" data-is-here-when="" class="left-sidebar js-pinned-left-sidebar ps-relative"> <div class="left-sidebar--sticky-container js-sticky-leftnav"> <nav role="navigation"> <ol class="nav-links"> <li> <a href="/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/" class="pl8 js-gps-track nav-links--link" data-gps-track="top_nav.click({is_current:false, location:7, destination:8})"> Home </a> </li> <li> <ol class="nav-links"> <li class="fs-fine tt-uppercase ml8 mt16 mb4 fc-light">Public</li> <li> <a id="nav-questions" href="/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/questions" class="pl8 js-gps-track nav-links--link -link__with-icon" data-gps-track="top_nav.click({is_current:false, location:7, destination:1})"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="svg-icon iconGlobe" width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 18 18"><path d="M9 1a8 8 0 1 0 0 16A8 8 0 0 0 9 1zM8 15.32a6.4 6.4 0 0 1-5.23-7.75L7 11.68v.8c0 .88.12 1.32 1 1.32v1.52zm5.72-2c-.2-.66-1-1.32-1.72-1.32h-1v-2c0-.44-.56-1-1-1H6V7h1c.44 0 1-.56 1-1V5h2c.88 0 1.4-.72 1.4-1.6v-.33a6.4 6.4 0 0 1 2.32 10.24v.01z"/></svg> <span class="-link--channel-name">Stack Overflow</span> </a> </li> <li> <a id="nav-tags" href="/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/tags" class=" js-gps-track nav-links--link" data-gps-track="top_nav.click({is_current:false, location:7, destination:2})"> Tags </a> </li> <li> <a id="nav-users" href="/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/users" class=" js-gps-track nav-links--link" data-gps-track="top_nav.click({is_current:false, location:7, destination:3})"> Users </a> </li> <li> <a id="nav-jobs" href="/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/jobs?so_medium=StackOverflow&so_source=SiteNav" class=" js-gps-track nav-links--link" data-gps-track="top_nav.click({is_current:false, location:7, destination:6})"> Jobs </a> </li> </ol> </li> <li> <ol class="nav-links"> <li class="grid ai-center jc-space-between ml8 mt24 mb4"> <div class="grid--cell tt-uppercase fs-fine fc-light">Teams</div> <div class="grid--cell fs-fine fc-light mr4"> <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="s-link s-link__inherit js-gps-track" role="button" aria-controls="popover-teams-create-cta" data-controller="s-popover" data-action="s-popover#toggle" data-s-popover-placement="bottom-start" data-s-popover-toggle-class="is-selected" data-gps-track="teams.create.left-sidenav.click({ Action: ShowInfo })" data-ga="["teams left navigation - anonymous","left nav show teams info",null,null,null]"> What’s this? </a> </div> </li> <li class="ps-relative"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/teams" class="pl8 js-gps-track nav-links--link" title="Stack Overflow for Teams is a private, secure spot for your organization's questions and answers." data-gps-track="teams.create.left-sidenav.click({ Action: TeamsClick })" data-ga="["teams left navigation - anonymous","left nav team click","stackoverflow.com/teams",null,null]"> <div class="grid ai-center"> <div class="grid--cell s-avatar va-middle bg-orange-400"> <div class="s-avatar--letter mtn1"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="svg-icon iconBriefcaseSm" width="14" height="14" viewbox="0 0 14 14"><path d="M4 3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h4a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1h.5c.83 0 1.5.67 1.5 1.5v5c0 .83-.67 1.5-1.5 1.5h-7A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 2 10.5v-5C2 4.67 2.67 4 3.5 4H4V3zm5 1V3H5v1h4z"/></svg> </div> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="svg-icon native s-avatar--badge iconShieldXSm" width="9" height="10" viewbox="0 0 9 10"><path d="M0 1.84L4.5 0 9 1.84v3.17C9 7.53 6.3 10 4.5 10 2.7 10 0 7.53 0 5.01V1.84z" fill="#fff"/><path d="M1 2.5L4.5 1 8 2.5v2.51C8 7.34 5.34 9 4.5 9 3.65 9 1 7.34 1 5.01V2.5zm2.98 3.02L3.2 7h2.6l-.78-1.48a.4.4 0 0 1 .15-.38c.34-.24.73-.7.73-1.14 0-.71-.5-1.23-1.41-1.23-.92 0-1.39.52-1.39 1.23 0 .44.4.9.73 1.14.12.08.18.23.15.38z" fill="#6A7E7C"/></svg> </div> <div class="grid--cell pl6"> First 25 Users Free </div> </div> </a> </li> </ol> </li> </ol> </nav> </div> <div class="s-popover w-auto p16" id="popover-teams-create-cta" role="menu" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="s-popover--arrow"></div> <div class="ps-relative overflow-hidden"> <p class="mb2"><strong>Teams</strong></p> <p class="mb16 fs-caption fc-medium">Q&A for Work</p> <p class="mb8 fs-caption fc-medium"> Stack Overflow for Teams is a private, secure spot for you and your coworkers to find and share information. </p> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/teams" class="js-gps-track ws-nowrap d-block" data-gps-track="teams.create.left-sidenav.click({ Action: CtaClick })" data-ga="["teams left navigation - anonymous","left nav cta","stackoverflow.com/teams",null,null]"> Learn more </a> </div> <div class="ps-absolute t8 r8"> <svg width="53" height="49" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M49 11l.2 31H18.9L9 49v-7H4V8h31" fill="#CCEAFF"/><path d="M44.5 19v-.3l-.2-.1-18-13-.1-.1H.5v33h4V46l.8-.6 9.9-6.9h29.3V19z" stroke="#1060E1" stroke-miterlimit="10"/><path d="M31 2l6-1.5 7 2V38H14.9L5 45v-7H1V6h25l5-4z" fill="#fff"/><path d="M7 16.5h13m-13 6h14m-14 6h18" stroke="#1060E1" stroke-miterlimit="10"/><path d="M39 30a14 14 0 1 0 0-28 14 14 0 0 0 0 28z" fill="#FFB935"/><path d="M50.5 14a13.5 13.5 0 1 1-27 0 13.5 13.5 0 0 1 27 0z" stroke="#F48024" stroke-miterlimit="10"/><path d="M32.5 21.5v-8h9v8h-9zm2-9.5V9.3A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 37 6.8a2.5 2.5 0 0 1 2.5 2.5V12h-5zm2 3v2m1-2v2" stroke="#fff" stroke-miterlimit="10"/></svg> </div> </div> </div> <div id="content" class="snippet-hidden"> <div class="mainbar-full help-center" id="help-index"> <div class="subheader"> <h1>Help Center</h1> </div> <form id="bigsearch" class="half-width" action="/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/help/search" method="get"> <table> <tr> <td class="col1"><input name="q" class="textbox" type="text" maxlength="300" size="80" value="" placeholder="Search help pages"></td> <td class="col2"><input type="submit" value="search"/></td> </tr> </table> </form> <div class="wiki-ph" data-placeholder="WikiPlaceholder-HelpCenterIntro"> <div class="wiki-ph-content"><p><br></p> <h2>Welcome to the Stack Overflow Help Center!</h2> <p>If you are unable to find the answer you need here, you can also search for or ask a question about Stack Overflow on <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://meta.stackoverflow.com/">Meta</a>!</p> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/faq?tab=Votes">Frequently Asked Questions</a> on Meta:<br></p> <ul> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://meta.stackoverflow.com/q/334822">How do I ask and answer homework questions?</a> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://meta.stackoverflow.com/q/261592">How much research effort is expected of Stack Overflow users?</a> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://meta.stackoverflow.com/q/269653">Why did I gain/lose reputation?</a> <li><i>see also</i> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/251225/faq-index-for-stack-overflow">FAQ index</a> </ul> <p><br></p> </div> </div> <h2>Find out more about…</h2> <div class="help-center-index"> <div class="help-category-box help-category-big-box"> <h3>Asking</h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/help/dont-ask"> <span class="help-post-pin"></span> What types of questions should I avoid asking? </a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/help/on-topic"> <span class="help-post-pin"></span> What topics can I ask about here? </a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/help/closed-questions"> <span class="help-post-pin"></span> What does it mean if a question is "closed"? </a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/help/minimal-reproducible-example"> How to create a Minimal, Reproducible Example </a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/help/question-bans"> Why are questions no longer being accepted from my account? </a></li> </ul> <a href="/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/help/asking">» View more</a> </div> <div class="help-category-box help-category-big-box"> <h3>Our model</h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/help/conduct"> <span class="help-post-pin"></span> Code of Conduct </a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/help/behavior"> <span class="help-post-pin"></span> Expected Behavior </a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/help/interesting-topics"> <span class="help-post-pin"></span> How do I find topics I'm interested in? </a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/help/browser-support"> What browsers do we support? </a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/help/formatting"> How do I format my posts using Markdown or HTML? </a></li> </ul> <a href="/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/help/stackexchange">» View more</a> </div> <div class="help-category-box help-category-big-box"> <h3>Reputation & Moderation</h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/help/site-moderators"> <span class="help-post-pin"></span> Who are the site moderators, and what is their role here? </a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/help/why-vote"> <span class="help-post-pin"></span> Why is voting important? </a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/help/whats-reputation"> <span class="help-post-pin"></span> What is reputation? How do I earn (and lose) it? </a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/help/locked-posts"> What is a locked post? </a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/help/user-was-removed"> Why do I have a reputation change on my reputation page that says 'User was removed'? </a></li> </ul> <a href="/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/help/reputation">» View more</a> </div> <div class="help-category-box help-category-big-box"> <h3>Answering</h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/help/how-to-answer"> <span class="help-post-pin"></span> How do I write a good answer? </a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/help/accepted-answer"> <span class="help-post-pin"></span> What does it mean when an answer is "accepted"? </a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/help/deleted-answers"> Why and how are some answers deleted? </a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/help/answer-bans"> Why are answers no longer being accepted from my account? </a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/help/referencing"> How to reference material written by others </a></li> </ul> <a href="/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/help/answering">» View more</a> </div> <div class="help-category-big-box"> <div class="help-category-box"> <h3>Badges</h3> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/help/badges">View a full list of badges you can earn</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="help-category-box"> <h3>Privileges</h3> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/help/privileges">View a full list of privileges you can earn</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="help-category-box help-category-big-box"> <h3>Stack Overflow Jobs</h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/help/what-is-jobs"> <span class="help-post-pin"></span> What is Stack Overflow Jobs? </a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/help/why-use-jobs"> <span class="help-post-pin"></span> Why should I use Stack Overflow Jobs? </a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/help/what-is-a-fake-job-listing"> What is a fake job listing? </a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/help/what-is-recruiter-spam"> What is recruiter spam? </a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/help/reporting-companies"> Reporting companies </a></li> </ul> <a href="/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/help/jobs">» View more</a> </div> <div class="help-category-box help-category-big-box"> <h3>My Account</h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/help/merging-accounts"> <span class="help-post-pin"></span> I accidentally created two accounts; how do I merge them? </a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/help/edit-credentials"> <span class="help-post-pin"></span> How do I add or remove login credentials from my account? </a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/help/reset-password"> <span class="help-post-pin"></span> I lost my password; how do I reset it? </a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/help/deleting-account"> <span class="help-post-pin"></span> How do I delete my account? </a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/help/licensing"> What is the license for the content I post? </a></li> </ul> <a href="/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/help/account">» View more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer id="footer" class="site-footer js-footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="site-footer--container"> <div class="site-footer--logo"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="svg-icon native iconLogoGlyphMd" width="32" height="37" viewbox="0 0 32 37"><path d="M26 33v-9h4v13H0V24h4v9h22z" fill="#BCBBBB"/><path d="M21.5 0l-2.7 2 9.9 13.3 2.7-2L21.5 0zM26 18.4L13.3 7.8l2.1-2.5 12.7 10.6-2.1 2.5zM9.1 15.2l15 7 1.4-3-15-7-1.4 3zm14 10.79l.68-2.95-16.1-3.35L7 23l16.1 2.99zM23 30H7v-3h16v3z" fill="#F48024"/></svg></a> </div> <nav class="site-footer--nav"> <div class="site-footer--col site-footer--col__visible js-footer-col" data-name="default"> <h5 class="-title"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/" class="js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 7, link: 15})">Stack Overflow</a></h5> <ul class="-list js-primary-footer-links"> <li class="-item"><a href="/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/questions" class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 7, link: 16})">Questions</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/jobs" class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 7, link: 17})">Jobs</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/jobs/directory/developer-jobs" class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 7, link: 11})">Developer Jobs Directory</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/jobs/salary" class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 7, link: 28})">Salary Calculator</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/help" class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 7, link: 3 })">Help</a></li> <li class="-item"><a onclick="StackExchange.switchMobile("on")" class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 7, link: 12 })">Mobile</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="site-footer--col site-footer--col__visible js-footer-col" data-name="default"> <h5 class="-title"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflowbusiness.com/" class="js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 7, link: 19 })">Products</a></h5> <ul class="-list"> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/teams" class="js-gps-track -link" data-ga="["teams traffic","footer - site nav","stackoverflow.com/teams",null,{"dimension4":"teams"}]" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 7, link: 29 })">Teams</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/talent" class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 7, link: 20 })">Talent</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/advertising" class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 7, link: 21 })">Advertising</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/enterprise" class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 7, link: 22 })">Enterprise</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="site-footer--col site-footer--col__visible js-footer-col" data-name="default"> <h5 class="-title"><a class="js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 7, link: 1 })" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/company/about">Company</a></h5> <ul class="-list"> <li class="-item"><a class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 7, link: 1 })" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/company/about">About</a></li> <li class="-item"><a class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 7, link: 27 })" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/company/press">Press</a></li> <li class="-item"><a class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 7, link: 9 })" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/company/work-here">Work Here</a></li> <li class="-item"><a class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 7, link: 7 })" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/legal">Legal</a></li> <li class="-item"><a class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 7, link: 8 })" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/legal/privacy-policy">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li class="-item"><a class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 7, link: 13 })" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/company/contact">Contact Us</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="site-footer--col site-footer--categories-nav site-footer--col__visible"> <a href="#" class="site-footer--back js-footer-back"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="svg-icon iconArrowLeftAlt" width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 18 18"><path d="M10.58 16L12 14.59 6.4 9 12 3.41 10.57 2l-7 7 7 7z"/></svg></a> <div> <h5 class="-title"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackexchange.com/" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 7, link: 30 })">Stack Exchange<br> Network</a></h5> <ul class="-list"> <li class="-item"><a href="#" class="-link _expandable js-footer-category-trigger js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 7, link: 24 })" data-target="Technology">Technology</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="#" class="-link _expandable js-footer-category-trigger js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 7, link: 24 })" data-target="Life / Arts">Life / Arts</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="#" class="-link _expandable js-footer-category-trigger js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 7, link: 24 })" data-target="Culture / Recreation">Culture / Recreation</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="#" class="-link _expandable js-footer-category-trigger js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 7, link: 24 })" data-target="Science">Science</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="#" class="-link _expandable js-footer-category-trigger js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 7, link: 24 })" data-target="Other">Other</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="site-footer--categories"> <div class="site-footer--col site-footer--category js-footer-col" data-name="Technology"> <ul class="-list"> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="professional and enthusiast programmers">Stack Overflow</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://serverfault.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="system and network administrators">Server Fault</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://superuser.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="computer enthusiasts and power users">Super User</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://webapps.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="power users of web applications">Web Applications</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://askubuntu.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="Ubuntu users and developers">Ask Ubuntu</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://webmasters.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="pro webmasters">Webmasters</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="professional and independent game developers">Game Development</a></li> </ul></div><div class="site-footer--col site-footer--category js-footer-col" data-name="Technology"><ul class="-list"> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://tex.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="users of TeX, LaTeX, ConTeXt, and related typesetting systems">TeX - LaTeX</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="professionals, academics, and students working within the systems development life cycle">Software Engineering</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://unix.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="users of Linux, FreeBSD and other Un*x-like operating systems">Unix & Linux</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://apple.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="power users of Apple hardware and software">Ask Different (Apple)</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="WordPress developers and administrators">WordPress Development</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://gis.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="cartographers, geographers and GIS professionals">Geographic Information Systems</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://electronics.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="electronics and electrical engineering professionals, students, and enthusiasts">Electrical Engineering</a></li> </ul></div><div class="site-footer--col site-footer--category js-footer-col" data-name="Technology"><ul class="-list"> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://android.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="enthusiasts and power users of the Android operating system">Android Enthusiasts</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://security.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="information security professionals">Information Security</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://dba.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="database professionals who wish to improve their database skills and learn from others in the community">Database Administrators</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://drupal.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="Drupal developers and administrators">Drupal Answers</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="SharePoint enthusiasts">SharePoint</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://ux.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="user experience researchers and experts">User Experience</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://mathematica.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="users of Wolfram Mathematica">Mathematica</a></li> </ul></div><div class="site-footer--col site-footer--category js-footer-col" data-name="Technology"><ul class="-list"> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://salesforce.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="Salesforce administrators, implementation experts, developers and anybody in-between">Salesforce</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://expressionengine.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="administrators, end users, developers and designers for ExpressionEngine® CMS">ExpressionEngine® Answers</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://pt.stackoverflow.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="programadores profissionais e entusiastas">Stack Overflow em Português</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://blender.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="people who use Blender to create 3D graphics, animations, or games">Blender</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://networkengineering.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="network engineers">Network Engineering</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://crypto.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="software developers, mathematicians and others interested in cryptography">Cryptography</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://codereview.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="peer programmer code reviews">Code Review</a></li> </ul></div><div class="site-footer--col site-footer--category js-footer-col" data-name="Technology"><ul class="-list"> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://magento.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="users of the Magento e-Commerce platform">Magento</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://softwarerecs.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="people seeking specific software recommendations">Software Recommendations</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://dsp.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="practitioners of the art and science of signal, image and video processing">Signal Processing</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://emacs.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="those using, extending or developing Emacs">Emacs</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="users and developers of hardware and software for Raspberry Pi">Raspberry Pi</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://ru.stackoverflow.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="программистов">Stack Overflow на русском</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://codegolf.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="programming puzzle enthusiasts and code golfers">Code Golf</a></li> </ul></div><div class="site-footer--col site-footer--category js-footer-col" data-name="Technology"><ul class="-list"> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://es.stackoverflow.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="programadores y profesionales de la informática">Stack Overflow en español</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://ethereum.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="users of Ethereum, the decentralized application platform and smart contract enabled blockchain">Ethereum</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://datascience.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="Data science professionals, Machine Learning specialists, and those interested in learning more about the field">Data Science</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://arduino.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="developers of open-source hardware and software that is compatible with Arduino">Arduino</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="Bitcoin crypto-currency enthusiasts">Bitcoin</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://sqa.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="software quality control experts, automation engineers, and software testers">Software Quality Assurance & Testing</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://sound.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="sound engineers, producers, editors, and enthusiasts">Sound Design</a></li> </ul></div><div class="site-footer--col site-footer--category js-footer-col" data-name="Technology"><ul class="-list"> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://windowsphone.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="enthusiasts and power users of Windows Phone OS">Windows Phone</a></li> <li class="-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackexchange.com/sites#technology" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 26 })"> <strong> more (27) </strong> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="site-footer--col site-footer--category js-footer-col" data-name="Life / Arts"> <ul class="-list"> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://photo.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="professional, enthusiast and amateur photographers">Photography</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://scifi.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="science fiction and fantasy enthusiasts">Science Fiction & Fantasy</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="Graphic Design professionals, students, and enthusiasts">Graphic Design</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://movies.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="movie and tv enthusiasts">Movies & TV</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://music.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="musicians, students, and enthusiasts">Music: Practice & Theory</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="writers/artists using science, geography and culture to construct imaginary worlds and settings">Worldbuilding</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://video.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="engineers, producers, editors, and enthusiasts spanning the fields of video, and media creation">Video Production</a></li> </ul></div><div class="site-footer--col site-footer--category js-footer-col" data-name="Life / Arts"><ul class="-list"> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://cooking.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="professional and amateur chefs">Seasoned Advice (cooking)</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://diy.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="contractors and serious DIYers">Home Improvement</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://money.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="people who want to be financially literate">Personal Finance & Money</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://academia.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="academics and those enrolled in higher education">Academia</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://law.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="legal professionals, students, and others with experience or interest in law">Law</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://fitness.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="physical fitness professionals, athletes, trainers, and those providing health-related needs">Physical Fitness</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://gardening.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="gardeners and landscapers">Gardening & Landscaping</a></li> </ul></div><div class="site-footer--col site-footer--category js-footer-col" data-name="Life / Arts"><ul class="-list"> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://parenting.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="parents, grandparents, nannies and others with a parenting role">Parenting</a></li> <li class="-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackexchange.com/sites#lifearts" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 26 })"> <strong> more (11) </strong> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="site-footer--col site-footer--category js-footer-col" data-name="Culture / Recreation"> <ul class="-list"> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://english.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="linguists, etymologists, and serious English language enthusiasts">English Language & Usage</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://skeptics.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="scientific skepticism">Skeptics</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://judaism.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="those who base their lives on Jewish law and tradition and anyone interested in learning more">Mi Yodeya (Judaism)</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://travel.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="road warriors and seasoned travelers">Travel</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://christianity.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="committed Christians, experts in Christianity and those interested in learning more">Christianity</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://ell.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="speakers of other languages learning English">English Language Learners</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://japanese.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="students, teachers, and linguists wanting to discuss the finer points of the Japanese language">Japanese Language</a></li> </ul></div><div class="site-footer--col site-footer--category js-footer-col" data-name="Culture / Recreation"><ul class="-list"> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://chinese.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="students, teachers, and linguists wanting to discuss the finer points of the Chinese language">Chinese Language</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://french.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="students, teachers, and linguists wanting to discuss the finer points of the French language">French Language</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://german.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="speakers of German wanting to discuss the finer points of the language and translation">German Language</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="professors, theologians, and those interested in exegetical analysis of biblical texts">Biblical Hermeneutics</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://history.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="historians and history buffs">History</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://spanish.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="linguists, teachers, students and Spanish language enthusiasts in general wanting to discuss the finer points of the language">Spanish Language</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://islam.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="Muslims, experts in Islam, and those interested in learning more about Islam">Islam</a></li> </ul></div><div class="site-footer--col site-footer--category js-footer-col" data-name="Culture / Recreation"><ul class="-list"> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://rus.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="лингвистов и энтузиастов русского языка">Русский язык</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://russian.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="students, teachers, and linguists wanting to discuss the finer points of the Russian language">Russian Language</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://gaming.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="passionate videogamers on all platforms">Arqade (gaming)</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="people who build and repair bicycles, people who train cycling, or commute on bicycles">Bicycles</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://rpg.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="gamemasters and players of tabletop, paper-and-pencil role-playing games">Role-playing Games</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://anime.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="anime and manga fans">Anime & Manga</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="those who create, solve, and study puzzles">Puzzling</a></li> </ul></div><div class="site-footer--col site-footer--category js-footer-col" data-name="Culture / Recreation"><ul class="-list"> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://mechanics.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="mechanics and DIY enthusiast owners of cars, trucks, and motorcycles">Motor Vehicle Maintenance & Repair</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="people who like playing board games, designing board games or modifying the rules of existing board games">Board & Card Games</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://bricks.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="LEGO® and building block enthusiasts">Bricks</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://homebrew.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="dedicated home brewers and serious enthusiasts">Homebrewing</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://martialarts.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="students and teachers of all martial arts">Martial Arts</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://outdoors.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="people who love being outdoors enjoying nature and wilderness, and learning about the required skills and equipment">The Great Outdoors</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://poker.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="serious players and enthusiasts of poker">Poker</a></li> </ul></div><div class="site-footer--col site-footer--category js-footer-col" data-name="Culture / Recreation"><ul class="-list"> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://chess.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="serious players and enthusiasts of chess">Chess</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://sports.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="participants in team and individual sport activities">Sports</a></li> <li class="-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackexchange.com/sites#culturerecreation" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 26 })"> <strong> more (16) </strong> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="site-footer--col site-footer--category js-footer-col" data-name="Science"> <ul class="-list"> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://mathoverflow.net/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="professional mathematicians">MathOverflow</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://math.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="people studying math at any level and professionals in related fields">Mathematics</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stats.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="people interested in statistics, machine learning, data analysis, data mining, and data visualization">Cross Validated (stats)</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://cstheory.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="theoretical computer scientists and researchers in related fields">Theoretical Computer Science</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://physics.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="active researchers, academics and students of physics">Physics</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="scientists, academics, teachers, and students in the field of chemistry">Chemistry</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://biology.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="biology researchers, academics, and students">Biology</a></li> </ul></div><div class="site-footer--col site-footer--category js-footer-col" data-name="Science"><ul class="-list"> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://cs.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="students, researchers and practitioners of computer science">Computer Science</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="those interested in the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence">Philosophy</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="professional linguists and others with an interest in linguistic research and theory">Linguistics</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://psychology.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="practitioners, researchers, and students in cognitive science, psychology, neuroscience, and psychiatry">Psychology & Neuroscience</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://scicomp.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="scientists using computers to solve scientific problems">Computational Science</a></li> <li class="-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackexchange.com/sites#science" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 26 })"> <strong> more (8) </strong> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="site-footer--col site-footer--category js-footer-col" data-name="Other"> <ul class="-list"> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://meta.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="meta-discussion of the Stack Exchange family of Q&A websites">Meta Stack Exchange</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackapps.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="apps, scripts, and development with the Stack Exchange API">Stack Apps</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://api.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="programmatic interaction with Stack Exchange sites">API</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://data.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 25 })" title="querying Stack Exchange data using SQL">Data</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="site-footer--copyright fs-fine"> <ul class="-list"> <li class="-item"><a class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 7, link:4 })" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.blog/?blb=1">Blog</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://www.facebook.com/officialstackoverflow/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 7, link: 31 })">Facebook</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://twitter.com/stackoverflow" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 7, link: 32 })">Twitter</a></li> <li class="-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://linkedin.com/company/stack-overflow" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 7, link: 33 })">LinkedIn</a></li> </ul> <p class="mt-auto mb24"> site design / logo © 2019 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" class="js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 7, link: 34 })" rel="license">cc by-sa 4.0</a> with <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://stackoverflow.blog/2009/06/25/attribution-required/" class="js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 7, link:35 })" rel="license">attribution required</a>. <span id="svnrev">rev 2019.12.20.35703</span> </p> </div> </div> </footer> <script>StackExchange.ready(function () { StackExchange.responsiveness.addSwitcher(); })</script> <noscript> <div id="noscript-warning">Stack Overflow works best with JavaScript enabled <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736im_/https://pixel.quantserve.com/pixel/p-c1rF4kxgLUzNc.gif" alt="" class="dno"> </div> </noscript> <script> (function(i, s, o, g, r, a, m) { i['GoogleAnalyticsObject'] = r; i[r] = i[r] || function() { (i[r].q = i[r].q || []).push(arguments) }, i[r].l = 1 * new Date(); a = s.createElement(o), m = s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0]; a.async = 1; a.src = g; m.parentNode.insertBefore(a, m); })(window, document, 'script', 'https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js', 'ga'); StackExchange.ready(function () { StackExchange.ga.init({ sendTitles: true, tracker: window.ga, trackingCodes: [ 'UA-108242619-1' ], checkDimension: 'dimension42' }); StackExchange.ga.setDimension('dimension3', 'Help/Index'); StackExchange.ga.trackPageView(); }); /**/ var _qevents = _qevents || [], _comscore = _comscore || []; (function() { var ssl = 'https:' == document.location.protocol, s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0], qc = document.createElement('script'); qc.async = true; qc.src = (ssl ? 'https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://secure' : 'https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/http://edge') + '.quantserve.com/quant.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(qc, s); _qevents.push({ qacct: "p-c1rF4kxgLUzNc" }); /**/ var sc = document.createElement('script'); sc.async = true; sc.src = (ssl ? 'https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060736/https://sb' : 'http://b') + '.scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(sc, s); _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "17440561" }); })(); </script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Help Center - Stack Overflow