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id="toc-Scientific_studies_and_spiritual_reflections_in_the_1730s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scientific_studies_and_spiritual_reflections_in_the_1730s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Scientific studies and spiritual reflections in the 1730s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scientific_studies_and_spiritual_reflections_in_the_1730s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Journal_of_Dreams" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Journal_of_Dreams"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Journal of Dreams </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Journal_of_Dreams-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Journal of Dreams subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Journal_of_Dreams-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Visions_and_spiritual_insights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visions_and_spiritual_insights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Visions and spiritual insights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visions_and_spiritual_insights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scriptural_commentary_and_writings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scriptural_commentary_and_writings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Scriptural commentary and writings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scriptural_commentary_and_writings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Later life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Veracity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Veracity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Veracity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Veracity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scientific_beliefs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scientific_beliefs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Scientific beliefs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scientific_beliefs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prophetic_accounts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prophetic_accounts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Prophetic accounts </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Prophetic_accounts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Prophetic accounts subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Prophetic_accounts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fire_anecdotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fire_anecdotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Fire anecdotes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fire_anecdotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Queen_of_Sweden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Queen_of_Sweden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Queen of Sweden </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Queen_of_Sweden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lost_document" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lost_document"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Lost document </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lost_document-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kant's_view" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kant's_view"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Kant's view </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kant's_view-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Theology </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Theology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Theology subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Theology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Marriage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Marriage </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trinity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trinity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 Trinity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trinity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sola_Fide_(Faith_Alone)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sola_Fide_(Faith_Alone)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.3 Sola Fide (Faith Alone) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sola_Fide_(Faith_Alone)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Later history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Works </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 In popular culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Posthumous_honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Posthumous_honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Posthumous honours </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Posthumous_honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 20 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 21 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Emanuel Swedenborg</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 67 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-67" aria-hidden="true" > 67 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Emanuel Swedenborg" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="إمانول سفيدنبوري – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إمانول سفيدنبوري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Emanuel Swedenborg" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Emanuel Swedenborg" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Svedenborq" title="Emmanuel Svedenborq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Emmanuel Svedenborq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Emanuel Swedenborg" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Эмануэль Сведэнборг – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эмануэль Сведэнборг" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Емануел Сведенборг – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Емануел Сведенборг" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Emanuel Swedenborg" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Emanuel Swedenborg" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Emanuel Swedenborg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Emanuel Swedenborg" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Emanuel Swedenborg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Emanuel Swedenborg" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B5%CE%BB_%CE%A3%CE%B2%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Εμάνουελ Σβέντενμποργκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εμάνουελ Σβέντενμποργκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Emanuel Swedenborg" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Emanuel Swedenborg" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emmanuel Swedenborg – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Emmanuel Swedenborg" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%84_%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="امانوئل سویدنبرگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="امانوئل سویدنبرگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Emanuel Swedenborg" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Emanuel Swedenborg" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Emanuel Swedenborg" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%A7%88%EB%88%84%EC%97%98_%EC%8A%A4%EB%B2%A0%EB%8D%B4%EB%B3%B4%EB%A6%AC" title="에마누엘 스베덴보리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에마누엘 스베덴보리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A5%D5%AC_%D5%8D%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A3" title="Էմանուել Սվեդենբորգ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էմանուել Սվեդենբորգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Emanuel Swedenborg" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Emanuel Swedenborg" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Emanuel Swedenborg" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Emanuel Swedenborg" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Emanuel Swedenborg" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Emanuel Swedenborg" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C_%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%95%D7%93%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92" title="עמנואל סוודנבורג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עמנואל סוודנבורג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Emanuel Swedenborg" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Эммануэль Сведенборг – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Эммануэль Сведенборг" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emmanuel Swedenborg – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Emmanuel Swedenborg" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Эммануил Сведенборг – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Эммануил Сведенборг" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Emanuel Swedenborg" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Em%C4%81nuels_Sv%C4%93denborgs" title="Emānuels Svēdenborgs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Emānuels Svēdenborgs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Emanuel Swedenborg" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Emanuel Swedenborg" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Емануел Сведенборг – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Емануел Сведенборг" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Emanuel Swedenborg" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%89" title="امانول سفيدنبورى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="امانول سفيدنبورى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Emanuel Swedenborg" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AE%E1%80%99%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9B%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%86%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AE%E1%80%92%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7" title="အီမန်နျူရယ် ဆွီဒင်ဗော့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အီမန်နျူရယ် ဆွီဒင်ဗော့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Emanuel Swedenborg" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8C%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%87%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9C%E3%83%AA" title="エマヌエル・スヴェーデンボリ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エマヌエル・スヴェーデンボリ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Emanuel Swedenborg" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%84_%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%89%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AB" title="امانوئل سویډنبرګ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="امانوئل سویډنبرګ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Emanuel Swedenborg" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Emanuel Swedenborg" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Emanuel Swedenborg" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3,_%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Сведенборг, Эммануил – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сведенборг, Эммануил" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Emanuel Swedenborg" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Emanuel Swedenborg" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Emanuel Swedenborg" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Emanuel Swedenborg" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Svedenborg" title="Emanuel Svedenborg – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Emanuel Svedenborg" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Emanuel Swedenborg" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Emanuel Swedenborg" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Emanuel Swedenborg" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Emanuel Swedenborg" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%97%D0%BB_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Еммануїл Сведенборг – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Еммануїл Сведенборг" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Emanuel Swedenborg" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Emanuel Swedenborg" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9B%BC%E7%BA%BD%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%A8%81%E7%99%BB%E5%A0%A1" title="伊曼纽·斯威登堡 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="伊曼纽·斯威登堡" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E5%A8%81%E7%99%BB%E5%A0%A1" title="史威登堡 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="史威登堡" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9B%BC%E7%B4%90%C2%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%A8%81%E7%99%BB%E5%A0%A1" title="伊曼紐·史威登堡 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊曼紐·史威登堡" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q185832#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">18th-century Swedish scientist, freemason and theologian</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Emanuel Swedenborg</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Emanuel_Swedenborg.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Emanuel_Swedenborg.PNG/220px-Emanuel_Swedenborg.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Emanuel_Swedenborg.PNG/330px-Emanuel_Swedenborg.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Emanuel_Swedenborg.PNG/440px-Emanuel_Swedenborg.PNG 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="864" /></a><div class="infobox-caption"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Portrait of Swedenborg by <a href="/wiki/Carl_Frederik_von_Breda" title="Carl Frederik von Breda">Carl Frederik von Breda</a></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Emanuel Swedberg</div> (1688-01-29)29 January 1688 <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Empire" title="Swedish Empire">Sweden</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">29 March 1772(1772-03-29) (aged 84) <div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">London, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Uppsala_University" title="Uppsala University">Uppsala University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theologian" class="mw-redirect" title="Theologian">Theologian</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mining_engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining engineer">Mining engineer</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Anatomy" title="Anatomy">Anatomist</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Astronomer" title="Astronomer">Astronomer</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Author" title="Author">Author</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable work</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arcana_C%C5%93lestia" title="Arcana Cœlestia">Arcana Cœlestia</a></li><li>True Christian Religion</li><li><a href="/wiki/Heaven_and_Hell_(Swedenborg)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heaven and Hell (Swedenborg)">Heaven and Hell</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546">Theological work</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Era</th><td class="infobox-data">18th-century</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tradition or movement</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheranism</a>; inspired the <a href="/wiki/The_New_Church_(Swedenborgian)" title="The New Church (Swedenborgian)">New Church</a><a href="#cite_note-Spinks2017-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Main interests</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist" style="white-space:nowrap;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">Theology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">Science</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">Philosophy</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable ideas</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li> <a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a> in one person</li><li><a href="/wiki/Correspondence_(theology)" title="Correspondence (theology)">Correspondence</a></li><li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">The <a href="/wiki/Last_Judgment" title="Last Judgment">Last Judgment</a> and Christ's <a href="/wiki/Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">Second Coming</a> began in 1757</div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Emanuel_Swedenborg_signature.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Emanuel_Swedenborg_signature.png/150px-Emanuel_Swedenborg_signature.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="31" class="mw-file-element" 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Spirituality" title="Category:Spirituality">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:lavender;line-height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Spirituality" title="Spirituality">Spirituality</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_spirituality" title="Outline of spirituality">Outline</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">Religion</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:none;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_religion" title="History of religion">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_religion" title="Timeline of religion">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Traditional</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:none;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elite_religion" title="Elite religion">Elite religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_mysticism" title="Jewish mysticism">Jewish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Merkabah_mysticism" title="Merkabah mysticism">Merkabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabbalah" title="Kabbalah">Kabbalah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasidism" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasidism">Hasidism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mysticism" title="Christian mysticism">Christian</a> <ul><li><a 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title="Spiritual but not religious">Spiritual but not religious</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syncretism" title="Syncretism">Syncretism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Spiritual experience</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:none;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lived_religion" title="Lived religion">Lived religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystical_experience" class="mw-redirect" title="Mystical experience">Mystical experience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_feeling" title="Oceanic feeling">Oceanic feeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_experience" title="Religious experience">Religious experience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_ecstasy" title="Religious ecstasy">Religious ecstasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_practice" title="Spiritual practice">Spiritual practice</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Spiritual development</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:none;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ego_death" title="Ego death">Ego death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individuation" title="Individuation">Individuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-actualization" title="Self-actualization">Self-actualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_activism" title="Spiritual activism">Spiritual activism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_development" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiritual development">Spiritual development</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:120%;background:lavender;"> Influences</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Western</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:none;">General <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_illumination" title="Divine illumination">Divine illumination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantheism" title="Pantheism">Pantheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panentheism" title="Panentheism">Panentheism</a></li></ul> Antiquity <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeticism" title="Hermeticism">Hermeticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoplatonism" title="Neoplatonism">Neoplatonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_esotericism" title="Western esotericism">Western esotericism</a></li></ul> Medieval <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">Mysticism</a></li></ul> Early modern <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perennial_philosophy" title="Perennial philosophy">Perennial philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_B%C3%B6hme" title="Jakob Böhme">Jakob Böhme</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Emanuel Swedenborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietism" title="Pietism">Pietism</a></li></ul> Modern <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcendentalism" title="Transcendentalism">Transcendentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universalism" title="Universalism">Universalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Thought" title="New Thought">New Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theosophy_(Boehmian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theosophy (Boehmian)">Theosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthroposophy" title="Anthroposophy">Anthroposophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occultism" class="mw-redirect" title="Occultism">Occultism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritualism_(movement)" title="Spiritualism (movement)">Spiritualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esoteric_Christianity" title="Esoteric Christianity">Esoteric Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Age" title="New Age">New Age</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Orientalist</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:none;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_religion" title="Comparative religion">Comparative religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Advaita" title="Neo-Advaita">Neo-Advaita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonduality_(spirituality)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonduality (spirituality)">Nonduality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orientalism" title="Orientalism">Orientalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theosophical_Society" title="Theosophical Society">Theosophical Society</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Asian</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:none;">Pre-historic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Iranian_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Indo-Iranian religion">Proto-Indo-Iranian religion</a></li></ul> Iran <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a></li></ul> India <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita Vedanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddha-nature" title="Buddha-nature">Buddha-nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Buddhism" title="Enlightenment in Buddhism">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevala_jnana" title="Kevala jnana">Kevala jnana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhyamaka" title="Madhyamaka">Madhyamaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">Moksha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Vedanta" title="Neo-Vedanta">Neo-Vedanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantra" title="Tantra">Tantra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogachara" title="Yogachara">Yogachara</a></li></ul> East-Asia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Other non-Western</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:none;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">Animism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism">Shamanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totem" title="Totem">Totemism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Psychological</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:none;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_psychology" title="Humanistic psychology">Humanistic psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mindfulness" title="Mindfulness">Mindfulness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positive_psychology" title="Positive psychology">Positive psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-help" title="Self-help">Self-help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-realization" title="Self-realization">Self-realization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_self_and_false_self" title="True self and false self">True self and false self</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:120%;background:lavender;"> Research</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Neurological</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:none;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mystical_psychosis" title="Mystical psychosis">Mystical psychosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_science_of_religion" title="Cognitive science of religion">Cognitive science of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroscience_of_religion" title="Neuroscience of religion">Neuroscience of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geschwind_syndrome" title="Geschwind syndrome">Geschwind syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_psychology_of_religion" title="Evolutionary psychology of religion">Evolutionary psychology of religion</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist" style="border:none;padding-bottom:0.35em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spirituality" title="Category:Spirituality">Category</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Spirituality_sidebar" title="Template:Spirituality sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Spirituality_sidebar" title="Template talk:Spirituality sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Spirituality_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Spirituality sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Emanuel Swedenborg (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈswiːdənbɔːrɡ/</a>,<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>Swedish: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Swedish" title="Help:IPA/Swedish">[ˈsvêːdɛnˌbɔrj]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/27\/Sv-Emanuel_Swedenborg.ogg\/Sv-Emanuel_Swedenborg.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Sv-Emanuel Swedenborg.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/Sv-Emanuel_Swedenborg.ogg/Sv-Emanuel_Swedenborg.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Sv-Emanuel_Swedenborg.ogg" title="File:Sv-Emanuel Swedenborg.ogg">ⓘ</a>; born Emanuel Swedberg; (29 January 1688  – 29 March 1772)<a href="#cite_note-enc1911-3">[3]</a> was a Swedish Christian <a href="/wiki/Theologian" class="mw-redirect" title="Theologian">theologian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scientist" title="Scientist">scientist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philosopher" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosopher">philosopher</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">mystic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> He became best known for his book on the <a href="/wiki/Afterlife" title="Afterlife">afterlife</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heaven_and_Hell_(Swedenborg)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heaven and Hell (Swedenborg)">Heaven and Hell</a> (1758).<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Swedenborg had a prolific career as an <a href="/wiki/Inventor" class="mw-redirect" title="Inventor">inventor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scientist" title="Scientist">scientist</a>. In 1741, at 53, he entered into a <a href="/wiki/Spirituality" title="Spirituality">spiritual</a> phase in which he began to experience dreams and visions, notably on <a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a> Weekend, on 6 April<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> 1744.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> His experiences culminated in a "spiritual awakening" in which he received a revelation that <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a> had appointed him to write The Heavenly Doctrine to reform <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> According to The Heavenly Doctrine, the Lord had opened Swedenborg's spiritual eyes so that from then on, he could freely visit <a href="/wiki/Heaven" title="Heaven">heaven</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hell" title="Hell">hell</a> to converse with angels, demons and other spirits, and that the <a href="/wiki/Last_Judgment" title="Last Judgment">Last Judgment</a> had already occurred in 1757, the year before the 1758 publication of De Nova Hierosolyma et ejus doctrina coelesti (English: Concerning the New Jerusalem and its Heavenly Doctrine).<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Over the last 28 years of his life, Swedenborg wrote 18 published theological works—and several more that remained unpublished. He termed himself a "Servant of the Lord Jesus Christ" in True Christian Religion,<a href="#cite_note-swedenborgdigitallibrary.org-11">[11]</a> which he published himself.<a href="#cite_note-swedenborgdigitallibrary1-12">[12]</a> Some followers of The Heavenly Doctrine believe that of his theological works, only those that were published by Swedenborg himself are fully <a href="/wiki/Divine_revelation" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine revelation">divinely inspired</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Others have regarded all Swedenborg's theological works as equally inspired, saying for example that the fact that some works were "not written out in a final edited form for publication does not make a single statement less trustworthy than the statements in any of the other works".<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_New_Church_(Swedenborgian)" title="The New Church (Swedenborgian)">The New Church</a>, also known as Swedenborgianism, is a <a href="/wiki/Restorationism" title="Restorationism">Restorationist</a> denomination of Christianity originally founded in 1787 and comprising several historically related Christian churches that revere Swedenborg's writings as <a href="/wiki/Revelation" title="Revelation">revelation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Spinks2017-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuel_Swedenborg&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hornsgatan_43_Emanuel_Swedenborg_Stockholm_2005-06-17_013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Hornsgatan_43_Emanuel_Swedenborg_Stockholm_2005-06-17_013.jpg/220px-Hornsgatan_43_Emanuel_Swedenborg_Stockholm_2005-06-17_013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Hornsgatan_43_Emanuel_Swedenborg_Stockholm_2005-06-17_013.jpg/330px-Hornsgatan_43_Emanuel_Swedenborg_Stockholm_2005-06-17_013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Hornsgatan_43_Emanuel_Swedenborg_Stockholm_2005-06-17_013.jpg/440px-Hornsgatan_43_Emanuel_Swedenborg_Stockholm_2005-06-17_013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="608" data-file-height="552" /></a><figcaption>Memorial plaque at the former location of Swedenborg's house at Hornsgatan on <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B6dermalm" title="Södermalm">Södermalm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>.</figcaption></figure> Swedenborg's father, <a href="/wiki/Jesper_Swedberg" title="Jesper Swedberg">Jesper Swedberg</a> (1653–1735), descended from a wealthy <a href="/wiki/Mining" title="Mining">mining</a> family, bergsfrälse (early noble families in the mining sector), the Stjärna family, of the same patrilineal background as the noble family <a href="/wiki/Georg_Stiernhielm" title="Georg Stiernhielm">Stiernhielm</a>, the earliest known patrilineal member being Olof Nilsson Stjärna of Stora Kopparberg.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> He travelled abroad and studied <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theology</a>, and on returning home, he was eloquent enough to impress the Swedish king, <a href="/wiki/Charles_XI_of_Sweden" title="Charles XI of Sweden">Charles XI</a>, with his sermons in <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>. Through the king's influence, he would later become professor of theology at <a href="/wiki/Uppsala_University" title="Uppsala University">Uppsala University</a> and Bishop of <a href="/wiki/Skara" title="Skara">Skara</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ugglan-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-enc1911-3">[3]</a> Jesper took an interest in the beliefs of the dissenting <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a> <a href="/wiki/Pietism" title="Pietism">Pietist</a> movement, which emphasised the <a href="/wiki/Virtues" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtues">virtues</a> of communion with <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a> rather than relying on sheer faith (<a href="/wiki/Sola_fide" title="Sola fide">sola fide</a>).<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Sola fide is a tenet of the <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran Church">Lutheran Church</a>, and Jesper was charged with being a <a href="/wiki/Pietist" class="mw-redirect" title="Pietist">pietist</a> <a href="/wiki/Heresy" title="Heresy">heretic</a>. While controversial, the beliefs were to have a major impact on his son Emanuel's spirituality. Jesper furthermore held the unconventional belief that <a href="/wiki/Angels" class="mw-redirect" title="Angels">angels</a> and spirits were present in everyday life. This also came to have a strong impact on Emanuel.<a href="#cite_note-Ugglan-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-enc1911-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> In 1703–1709, aged 15–21, Emanuel Swedenborg lived in <a href="/wiki/Erik_Benzelius_the_Younger" title="Erik Benzelius the Younger">Erik Benzelius the Younger</a>'s house. He completed his university course at <a href="/wiki/Uppsala" title="Uppsala">Uppsala</a> in 1709, and in 1710, he made his <a href="/wiki/Grand_tour" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand tour">grand tour</a> through the Netherlands, France and Germany before reaching London, where he would spend the next four years. It was a flourishing centre of scientific ideas and discoveries. He studied <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mechanics" title="Mechanics">mechanics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a> and read and wrote <a href="/wiki/Poetry" title="Poetry">poetry</a>. According to the preface of a book by the Swedish critic <a href="/wiki/Olof_Lagercrantz" title="Olof Lagercrantz">Olof Lagercrantz</a>, Swedenborg wrote to his benefactor and brother-in-law Benzelius that he believed he might be destined to be a great scientist.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-Delblanc-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_scientific_work_and_spiritual_reflections">Early scientific work and spiritual reflections</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuel_Swedenborg&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early scientific work and spiritual reflections">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Swdbg2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Swdbg2.jpg/220px-Swdbg2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Swdbg2.jpg/330px-Swdbg2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Swdbg2.jpg/440px-Swdbg2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="844" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Swedenborg_1714_Flying_Machine" title="Swedenborg 1714 Flying Machine">The Flying Machine</a>, sketched in his notebook from 1714. The operator would sit in the middle and paddle himself through the air.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> p. 32, or on the video clip at 5:48 on its timeline.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></figcaption></figure> In 1715, aged 27, Swedenborg returned to Sweden, where he devoted himself to <a href="/wiki/Natural_science" title="Natural science">natural science</a> and <a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a> projects for the next two decades. A first step was his meeting with King <a href="/wiki/Charles_XII_of_Sweden" title="Charles XII of Sweden">Charles XII of Sweden</a> in the city of <a href="/wiki/Lund" title="Lund">Lund</a>, in 1716. The Swedish inventor <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Polhem" title="Christopher Polhem">Christopher Polhem</a>, who became a close friend of Swedenborg, was also present. Swedenborg's purpose was to persuade the king to fund an <a href="/wiki/Observatory" title="Observatory">observatory</a> in northern Sweden. However, the warlike king did not consider this project important enough, but did appoint Swedenborg to be assessor-extraordinary on the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Board_of_Mines" title="Swedish Board of Mines">Swedish Board of Mines</a> (Bergskollegium) in <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> From 1716 to 1718, aged 30, Swedenborg published a <a href="/wiki/Scientific_periodical" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific periodical">scientific periodical</a> entitled Daedalus Hyperboreus ("The Northern <a href="/wiki/Daedalus" title="Daedalus">Daedalus</a>"), a record of mechanical and mathematical inventions and discoveries. One notable description was that of <a href="/wiki/Swedenborg_1714_Flying_Machine" title="Swedenborg 1714 Flying Machine">a flying machine</a>, the same he had been sketching a few years earlier.<a href="#cite_note-Delblanc-22">[22]</a> In 1718, Swedenborg published an article that attempted to explain <a href="/wiki/Religious_experience" title="Religious experience">spiritual</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mental_events" class="mw-redirect" title="Mental events">mental events</a> in terms of minute vibrations, or "tremulations". Upon the death of Charles XII, <a href="/wiki/Ulrike_Eleonora_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulrike Eleonora of Sweden">Queen Ulrika Eleonora</a> ennobled Swedenborg and his siblings. It was common in Sweden during the 17th and 18th centuries for the children of <a href="/wiki/Bishops" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishops">bishops</a> to receive that honor, as a recognition of the services of their father. The family name was changed from Swedberg to Swedenborg.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> In 1724, he was offered the chair of <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a> at <a href="/wiki/Uppsala_University" title="Uppsala University">Uppsala University</a>, but he declined and said that he had dealt mainly with <a href="/wiki/Geometry" title="Geometry">geometry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Metallurgy" title="Metallurgy">metallurgy</a> during his career. He also said that he did not have the gift of eloquent speech because of a <a href="/wiki/Stutter" class="mw-redirect" title="Stutter">stutter</a>, as recognized by many of his acquaintances; it forced him to speak slowly and carefully, and there are no known occurrences of his speaking in public.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> The Swedish critic Olof Lagerkrantz proposed that Swedenborg compensated for his impediment by extensive argumentation in writing.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scientific_studies_and_spiritual_reflections_in_the_1730s">Scientific studies and spiritual reflections in the 1730s</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuel_Swedenborg&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Scientific studies and spiritual reflections in the 1730s">edit</a>]</div> During the 1730s, Swedenborg undertook many studies of <a href="/wiki/Anatomy" title="Anatomy">anatomy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Physiology" title="Physiology">physiology</a>. He had the first known anticipation of the <a href="/wiki/Neuron" title="Neuron">neuron</a> concept<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> a century before the full significance of the <a href="/wiki/Nerve_cell" class="mw-redirect" title="Nerve cell">nerve cell</a> was realised. He also had prescient ideas about the <a href="/wiki/Cerebral_cortex" title="Cerebral cortex">cerebral cortex</a>, the hierarchical organization of the <a href="/wiki/Nervous_system" title="Nervous system">nervous system</a>, the localization of the <a href="/wiki/Cerebrospinal_fluid" title="Cerebrospinal fluid">cerebrospinal fluid</a>, the functions of the <a href="/wiki/Pituitary_gland" title="Pituitary gland">pituitary gland</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Perivascular_space" title="Perivascular space">perivascular spaces</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Foramen_of_Magendie" class="mw-redirect" title="Foramen of Magendie">foramen of Magendie</a>, the idea of <a href="/wiki/Somatotopic_arrangement" title="Somatotopic arrangement">somatotopic organization</a>, and the association of <a href="/wiki/Lobes_of_the_brain#Frontal_lobe" title="Lobes of the brain">frontal brain regions</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Intellect" title="Intellect">intellect</a>. In some cases, his conclusions have been experimentally verified in modern times.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> In the 1730s, Swedenborg became increasingly interested in spiritual matters and was determined to find a theory to explain how <a href="/wiki/Mind%E2%80%93body_problem" title="Mind–body problem">matter relates to spirit</a>. Swedenborg's desire to understand the order and the purpose of creation first led him to investigate the structure of <a href="/wiki/Matter" title="Matter">matter</a> and the process of creation itself. In the <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Principia_(book)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Principia (book) (page does not exist)">Principia</a>, the first part of his Opera Philosophica et Mineralia, he outlined his philosophical method, which incorporated <a href="/wiki/Experience" title="Experience">experience</a>, geometry (the means by which the inner order of the world can be known) and the power of <a href="/wiki/Reason" title="Reason">reason</a>. He also outlined his <a href="/wiki/Cosmology" title="Cosmology">cosmology</a>, which included the first presentation of his <a href="/wiki/Nebular_hypothesis" title="Nebular hypothesis">nebular hypothesis</a>. (There is evidence that Swedenborg may have preceded Kant by as much as 20 years in the development of that hypothesis.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a>) Other inventions by Swedenborg include a submarine, an automatic weapon, an universal musical instrument, a system of sluices that could be used to transport boats across land and several types of water pumps, which were put into use when he was on Sweden's Board of Mines.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> In 1735, in <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a>, he published a three-volume work, Opera philosophica et mineralis ("Philosophical and Mineralogical Works") in which he tried to conjoin philosophy and <a href="/wiki/Metallurgy" title="Metallurgy">metallurgy</a>. The work was mainly appreciated for its chapters on the analysis of the <a href="/wiki/Smelting" title="Smelting">smelting</a> of <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a> and <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a>, and it was the work that gave Swedenborg his international reputation.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> The same year, he also published the small manuscript De Infinito ("On the Infinite") in which he attempted to explain how the <a href="/wiki/Infinity#Logic" title="Infinity">finite is related to the infinite</a> and how the <a href="/wiki/Soul_(spirit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Soul (spirit)">soul</a> is <a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_mind" title="Philosophy of mind">connected to the body</a>. It was the first manuscript in which he touched upon such matters. He knew that it might clash with established theologies since he presented the view that the soul is <a href="/wiki/Materialism" title="Materialism">based on material substances</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> He also conducted dedicated studies of the fashionable philosophers of the time such as <a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_von_Wolff" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian von Wolff">Christian von Wolff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz">Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Descartes" class="mw-redirect" title="Descartes">Descartes</a> and earlier thinkers such as <a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plotinus" title="Plotinus">Plotinus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Swedenborg was a critic of slavery. He was the first prominent Swede to condemn slavery. In his works, he argued that sub-Saharan Africans were superior to Europeans, and condemned European missionaries for intruding on African lands.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> In 1743, at the age of 55, Swedenborg requested a leave of absence to go abroad. His purpose was to gather source material for Regnum animale (The Animal Kingdom, or Kingdom of Life), a subject on which books were not readily available in Sweden. The aim of the book was to explain the soul from an anatomical point of view. He had planned to produce a total of 17 volumes.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Journal_of_Dreams">Journal of Dreams</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuel_Swedenborg&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Journal of Dreams">edit</a>]</div> By 1744, when he was 56, Swedenborg had traveled to the Netherlands. Around the time, he began having strange dreams. Swedenborg carried a travel journal with him on most of his travels and did so on this journey. The whereabouts of the diary were long unknown, but it was discovered in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Library_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Library of Sweden">Royal Library</a> in the 1850s and was published in 1859 as Drömboken, or Journal of Dreams. Swedenborg experienced many different dreams and visions, some greatly pleasurable, others highly disturbing.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> The experiences continued as he traveled to London to progress the publication of Regnum animale. This process, which one biographer has proposed as <a href="/wiki/Catharsis" title="Catharsis">cathartic</a> and comparable to the <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> concept of <a href="/wiki/Purgatory" title="Purgatory">Purgatory</a>,<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> continued for six months. He also proposed that what Swedenborg was recording in his Journal of Dreams was a battle between the love of himself and the love of God.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Visions_and_spiritual_insights">Visions and spiritual insights</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuel_Swedenborg&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Visions and spiritual insights">edit</a>]</div> In the last entry of the journal from 26–27 October 1744, Swedenborg appears to be clear as to which path to follow. He felt that he should drop his current project and write a new book about the worship of God. He soon began working on De cultu et amore Dei, or The Worship and Love of God. It was never fully completed, but Swedenborg still had it published in London in June 1745.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> In 1745, aged 57, Swedenborg was dining in a private room at a tavern in London. By the end of the meal, a darkness fell upon his eyes, and the room shifted character. Suddenly, he saw a person sitting at a corner of the room, telling him: "Do not eat too much!". Swedenborg, scared, hurried home. Later that night, the same man appeared in his dreams. The man told Swedenborg that he was the Lord, that he had appointed Swedenborg to reveal the spiritual meaning of the Bible and that he would guide Swedenborg in what to write. The same night, the spiritual world was opened to Swedenborg.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scriptural_commentary_and_writings">Scriptural commentary and writings</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuel_Swedenborg&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Scriptural commentary and writings">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arcana_Caelestia_0001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Arcana_Caelestia_0001.jpg/170px-Arcana_Caelestia_0001.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Arcana_Caelestia_0001.jpg/255px-Arcana_Caelestia_0001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Arcana_Caelestia_0001.jpg/340px-Arcana_Caelestia_0001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="597" data-file-height="785" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arcana_C%C5%93lestia" title="Arcana Cœlestia">Arcana Cœlestia</a>, first edition (1749), title page</figcaption></figure> In June 1747, Swedenborg resigned his post as assessor of the board of mines. He explained that he was obliged to complete a work that he had begun and requested to receive half his salary as a pension.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> He took up afresh his study of <a href="/wiki/Hebrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew">Hebrew</a> and began to work on the spiritual interpretation of the Bible with the goal of interpreting the spiritual meaning of every verse. From sometime between 1746 and 1747 and for ten years, he devoted his energy to the task. Usually abbreviated as <a href="/wiki/Arcana_C%C5%93lestia" title="Arcana Cœlestia">Arcana Cœlestia</a> or under the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> variant Arcana Caelestia<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> (translated as Heavenly Arcana, Heavenly Mysteries, or Secrets of Heaven depending on modern English-language editions), the book became his <a href="/wiki/Masterpiece" title="Masterpiece">magnum opus</a> and the basis of his further theological works.<a href="#cite_note-AC-51">[51]</a> The work was anonymous, and Swedenborg was not identified as the author until the late 1750s. It had eight volumes, published between 1749 and 1756. It attracted little attention, as few people could penetrate its meaning.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> His writings were filled with symbolism; Swedenborg often used stones to represent truth, snakes for evil, houses for intelligence, and cities for religious systems. He also described the appearance of heaven in great detail, as well as inhabitants from other planets.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Swedenborgs_lusthus_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Swedenborgs_lusthus_2010.jpg/220px-Swedenborgs_lusthus_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Swedenborgs_lusthus_2010.jpg/330px-Swedenborgs_lusthus_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Swedenborgs_lusthus_2010.jpg/440px-Swedenborgs_lusthus_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3195" data-file-height="2358" /></a><figcaption>Emanuel Swedenborg's summerhouse now in <a href="/wiki/Skansen" title="Skansen">Skansen</a> which was transplanted from his <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a> estate</figcaption></figure> His life from 1747 to his death was spent in <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>, the Netherlands, and London. During the 25 years, he wrote another 14 works of a spiritual nature; most were published during his lifetime. One of Swedenborg's lesser-known works presents a startling claim: that the Last Judgment had begun in the previous year (1757) and was completed by the end of that year<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> and that he had witnessed it.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> According to The Heavenly Doctrine, the Last Judgment took place not in the physical world but in the World of Spirits, halfway between heaven and hell, through which all pass on their way to heaven or hell.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> The Judgment took place because the Christian church had lost its charity and faith, resulting in a loss of spiritual <a href="/wiki/Free_will" title="Free will">free will</a> that threatened the equilibrium between heaven and hell in everyone's life.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[a]</a> The Heavenly Doctrine also teaches that the Last Judgement was followed by the <a href="/wiki/Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">Second Coming</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a>, which occurred not by Christ in person but by a revelation from him through the inner, spiritual sense of the Word<a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> through Swedenborg.<a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a> In another of his theological works, Swedenborg wrote that eating meat, regarded in itself, "is something profane" and was not practised in the early days of the human race. However, he said, it now is a matter of <a href="/wiki/Conscience" title="Conscience">conscience</a>, and no one is condemned for doing it.<a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> Nonetheless, the early-days ideal appears to have given rise to the idea that Swedenborg was a <a href="/wiki/Vegetarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetarian">vegetarian</a>. That conclusion may have been reinforced by the fact that a number of Swedenborg's early followers were part of the vegetarian movement that arose in Britain in the 19th century.<a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a> However, the only reports on Swedenborg himself are contradictory. His landlord in London, Shearsmith, said he ate no meat, but his maid, who served Swedenborg, said that he ate eels and <a href="/wiki/Pigeon_pie" title="Pigeon pie">pigeon pie</a>.<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> In Earths in the Universe, it is stated that he conversed with spirits from <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a>, as well as spirits from planets beyond the <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a>.<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> From the "encounters", he concluded that the planets of the Solar System are inhabited and that such an enormous undertaking as the universe could not have been created for just one race on a planet or one "Heaven" derived from its properties per planet. Many Heavenly societies were also needed to increase the perfection of the angelic Heavens and Heaven to fill in deficiencies and gaps in other societies. He argued: "What would this be to God, Who is infinite, and to whom a thousand or tens of thousands of planets, and all of them full of inhabitants, would be scarcely anything!"<a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a> Swedenborg and the question of life on other planets has been extensively reviewed elsewhere.<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> Swedenborg published his work in London or the Netherlands to escape censorship by the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Empire" title="Swedish Empire">Swedish Empire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a> In July 1770, at the age of 82, he traveled to <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> to complete the publication of his last work. The book, Vera Christiana Religio (The True Christian Religion), was published there in 1771 and was one of the most appreciated of his works. Designed to explain his teachings to <a href="/wiki/Lutherans" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutherans">Lutherans</a>, it is the most concrete of his works.<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life">Later life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuel_Swedenborg&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Later life">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grab_Emanuel_Swedenborg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Grab_Emanuel_Swedenborg.jpg/220px-Grab_Emanuel_Swedenborg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Grab_Emanuel_Swedenborg.jpg/330px-Grab_Emanuel_Swedenborg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Grab_Emanuel_Swedenborg.jpg/440px-Grab_Emanuel_Swedenborg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Swedenborg's crypt in <a href="/wiki/Uppsala_Cathedral" title="Uppsala Cathedral">Uppsala Cathedral</a></figcaption></figure> In the summer of 1771, he traveled to London. Shortly before <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a>, he had a <a href="/wiki/Stroke" title="Stroke">stroke</a> and was partially paralyzed and confined to bed. His health improved somewhat, but he died in 1772. There are several accounts of his last months, made by those with whom he stayed and by Arvid Ferelius, a pastor of the Swedish Church in London, who visited him several times.<a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a> There is evidence that Swedenborg wrote a letter to <a href="/wiki/John_Wesley" title="John Wesley">John Wesley</a>, the founder of <a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodism</a>, in February. Swedenborg said that he had been told in the world of spirits that Wesley wanted to speak with him.<a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a> Wesley, startled since he had not told anyone of his interest in Swedenborg, replied that he was going on a journey for six months and would contact Swedenborg on his return. Swedenborg replied that would be too late since Swedenborg would be going to the spiritual world for the last time on March 29.<a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a> (Wesley later read and commented extensively on Swedenborg's work.)<a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a> Swedenborg's landlord's servant girl, Elizabeth Reynolds, also said that Swedenborg had predicted the date and that he was as happy about it as if he was "going on holiday or to some merrymaking":<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">In Swedenborg's final hours, his friend, Pastor Ferelius, told him some people thought he had written his theology just to make a name for himself and asked Swedenborg if he would like to recant. Raising himself up on his bed, his hand on his heart, Swedenborg earnestly replied, "As truly as you see me before your eyes, so true is everything that I have written; and I could have said more had it been permitted. When you enter eternity you will see everything, and then you and I shall have much to talk about."<a href="#cite_note-Epic_433-76">[75]</a> He then died, in the afternoon, on the date he had predicted, March 29.<a href="#cite_note-Epic_433-76">[75]</a> </blockquote> He was buried in the <a href="/wiki/Nordic_churches_in_London#Swedish_Church" title="Nordic churches in London">Swedish Church</a> in Princes Square in <a href="/wiki/Shadwell" title="Shadwell">Shadwell</a>, London. On the 140th anniversary of his death, in 1912/1913, his remains were transferred to <a href="/wiki/Uppsala_Cathedral" title="Uppsala Cathedral">Uppsala Cathedral</a> in Sweden, where they now rest close to the grave of the <a href="/wiki/Botanist" class="mw-redirect" title="Botanist">botanist</a> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Carl Linnaeus</a>. In 1917, the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish Church">Swedish Church</a> in Shadwell was demolished, and the Swedish community that had grown around the parish moved to <a href="/wiki/Marylebone" title="Marylebone">Marylebone</a>. In 1938, Princes Square was redeveloped, and in his honour the local road was renamed Swedenborg Gardens. In 1997, a garden, play area and memorial, near the road, were created in his memory.<a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Veracity">Veracity</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuel_Swedenborg&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Veracity">edit</a>]</div> Swedenborg's transition from scientist to revelator or mystic has fascinated many people. He has had a variety of both supporting and critical biographers.<a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a> Some propose that he did not have a revelation at all but developed his theological ideas from sources which ranged from his father to earlier figures in the <a href="/wiki/Intellectual_history" title="Intellectual history">history of thought</a>, notably <a href="/wiki/Plotinus" title="Plotinus">Plotinus</a>. That position was first taken by Swedish writer <a href="/wiki/Martin_Lamm" title="Martin Lamm">Martin Lamm</a> who wrote a biography of Swedenborg in 1915.<a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[b]</a> Swedish critic and publicist <a href="/wiki/Olof_Lagercrantz" title="Olof Lagercrantz">Olof Lagercrantz</a> had a similar point of view, calling Swedenborg's theological writing "a poem about a foreign country with peculiar laws and customs".<a href="#cite_note-83">[81]</a> Swedenborg's approach to proving the veracity of his theological teachings was to use voluminous quotations from the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> to demonstrate agreement with the Bible, and this is found throughout his theological writings. A Swedish Royal Council considering heresy charges against two Swedish promoters of his theological writings concluded that "there is much that is true and useful in Swedenborg's writings".<a href="#cite_note-84">[82]</a> <a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Victor Hugo</a> suggested in passing, in Chapter 14 of <a href="/wiki/Les_Mis%C3%A9rables" title="Les Misérables">Les Misérables</a>, that Swedenborg, in company with <a href="/wiki/Blaise_Pascal" title="Blaise Pascal">Blaise Pascal</a>, had "glided into insanity".<a href="#cite_note-85">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scientific_beliefs">Scientific beliefs</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuel_Swedenborg&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Scientific beliefs">edit</a>]</div> Swedenborg proposed many scientific ideas during his lifetime. In his youth, he wanted to present a new idea every day, as he wrote to his brother-in-law <a href="/wiki/Erik_Benzelius_the_Younger" title="Erik Benzelius the Younger">Erik Benzelius</a> in 1718. Around 1730, he had changed his mind, and instead believed that higher knowledge is not something that can be acquired, but that it is based on <a href="/wiki/Intuition" title="Intuition">intuition</a>. After 1745, he instead considered himself receiving scientific knowledge in a spontaneous manner from angels.<a href="#cite_note-86">[84]</a> From 1745, when he considered himself to have entered a spiritual state, he tended to phrase his "experiences" in <a href="/wiki/Empirical" class="mw-redirect" title="Empirical">empirical</a> terms, to report accurately things he had experienced on his spiritual journeys. One of his ideas that is considered most crucial for the understanding of his theology is his notion of <a href="/wiki/Correspondence_(theology)" title="Correspondence (theology)">correspondences</a>. But, in fact, he first presented the theory of correspondences only in 1744, in the first volume of Regnum Animale dealing with the human soul.<a href="#cite_note-Delblanc-22">[22]</a> The basis of the correspondence theory is that there is a relationship among the natural ("physical"), the spiritual, and the divine worlds. The spiritual realm was seen by Swedenborg and believers in the <a href="/wiki/The_New_Church_(Swedenborgian)" title="The New Church (Swedenborgian)">New Church</a> as "more real than the physical" and as a series of divided "<a href="/wiki/Celestial_spheres" title="Celestial spheres">spheres</a>" where souls are sent depending on the level of morality they achieved in the physical world or Earth.<a href="#cite_note-:0-87">[85]</a> Souls navigate through the spiritual world and redeem themselves by travelling through it and reaching higher spheres, then encountering "divinity".<a href="#cite_note-:0-87">[85]</a> The foundations of this theory can be traced to <a href="/wiki/Neoplatonism" title="Neoplatonism">Neoplatonism</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-87">[85]</a> and the philosopher <a href="/wiki/Plotinus" title="Plotinus">Plotinus</a> in particular. With the aid of this scenario, Swedenborg now interpreted the Bible in a different light, claiming that even the most apparently trivial sentences could hold a profound spiritual meaning.<a href="#cite_note-Korr-88">[86]</a> Swedenborg argued that it is the presence of that spiritual sense which makes the Word divine.<a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prophetic_accounts">Prophetic accounts</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuel_Swedenborg&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Prophetic accounts">edit</a>]</div> Four incidents of purported psychic ability of Swedenborg exist in the literature.<a href="#cite_note-90">[88]</a> There are several versions of each story. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fire_anecdotes">Fire anecdotes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuel_Swedenborg&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Fire anecdotes">edit</a>]</div> On Thursday, 19 July 1759 a great and well-documented fire broke out in <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>, Sweden.<a href="#cite_note-91">[c]</a><a href="#cite_note-brandhistoriska.org-92">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[91]</a> In the high and increasing wind it spread very fast, consuming about 300 houses and making 2000 people homeless.<a href="#cite_note-brandhistoriska.org-92">[89]</a> When the fire broke out Swedenborg was at a dinner with friends in <a href="/wiki/Gothenburg" title="Gothenburg">Gothenburg</a>, about 400 km from Stockholm. He became agitated and told the party at six o'clock that there was a fire in Stockholm, that it had consumed his neighbour's home and was threatening his own. Two hours later, he exclaimed with relief that the fire had stopped three doors from his home. In the excitement following his report, word even reached the ears of the provincial governor, who summoned Swedenborg that same evening and asked for a detailed recounting. At that time, it took two to three days for news from Stockholm to reach Gothenburg by courier, so that is the shortest duration in which the news of the fire could reach Gothenburg. The first messenger from Stockholm with news of the fire was from the Board of Trade, who arrived Monday evening. The second messenger was a royal courier, who arrived on Tuesday. Both of these reports confirmed every statement to the precise hour that Swedenborg first expressed the information. The accounts are fully described in Bergquist, pp. 312–313 and in Chapter 31 of The Swedenborg Epic.<a href="#cite_note-95">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[93]</a> According to Swedenborg's biographer Lars Bergquist, however, this event took place on Sunday, 29 July – ten days after the fire.<a href="#cite_note-97">[94]</a> (Bergquist states, but does not document, that Swedenborg confirmed his vision of the fire incident to his good friend, Consul Christopher Springer, "one of the pillars of the church, ... a man of enviable reputation for virtue and intelligence",<a href="#cite_note-98">[95]</a> and that Swedenborg's innkeeper, Erik Bergström, heard Swedenborg affirming the story.<a href="#cite_note-99">[96]</a>) According to Swedenborg's followers, it seems unlikely that the many witnesses to Swedenborg's distress during the fire, and his immediate report of it to the provincial governor,<a href="#cite_note-100">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[98]</a> would have left room for doubt in the public eye of Swedenborg's report. They further contend that if Swedenborg had only received news of the fire by the normal methods there would have been no issue of psychic perception recorded for history. Instead, "when the news of Swedenborg's extraordinary vision of the fire reached the capital, public curiosity about him was very much aroused."<a href="#cite_note-102">[99]</a> A second fire anecdote, similar to the first one, but less cited, is the incident of the mill owner Bolander. Swedenborg warned him, again abruptly, of an incipient fire in one of his mills.<a href="#cite_note-103">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Queen_of_Sweden">Queen of Sweden</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuel_Swedenborg&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Queen of Sweden">edit</a>]</div> The third event was in 1758 when Swedenborg visited Queen <a href="/wiki/Louisa_Ulrika_of_Prussia" title="Louisa Ulrika of Prussia">Louisa Ulrika</a> of Sweden, who asked him to tell her something about her deceased brother <a href="/wiki/Prince_Augustus_William_of_Prussia" title="Prince Augustus William of Prussia">Prince Augustus William of Prussia</a>. The next day, Swedenborg whispered something in her ear that turned the Queen pale and she explained that this was something only she and her brother could know about.<a href="#cite_note-104">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[d]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lost_document">Lost document</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuel_Swedenborg&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Lost document">edit</a>]</div> The fourth incident involved a woman who had lost an important document, and came to Swedenborg asking if a recently deceased person could tell him where it was, which he (in some sources) was said to have done the following night.<a href="#cite_note-106">[e]</a> Although not typically cited along with these three episodes, there was one further piece of evidence: Swedenborg was noted by the seamen of the ships that he sailed between Stockholm and London to always have excellent sailing conditions.<a href="#cite_note-Sigstedt,_p._329-107">[102]</a> When asked about this by a friend, Swedenborg played down the matter, saying he was surprised by this experience himself and that he was certainly not able to do miracles.<a href="#cite_note-Sigstedt,_p._329-107">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kant's_view">Kant's view</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuel_Swedenborg&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Kant's view">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Immanuel_Kant_-_Gemaelde_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Immanuel_Kant_-_Gemaelde_1.jpg/220px-Immanuel_Kant_-_Gemaelde_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Immanuel_Kant_-_Gemaelde_1.jpg/330px-Immanuel_Kant_-_Gemaelde_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Immanuel_Kant_-_Gemaelde_1.jpg/440px-Immanuel_Kant_-_Gemaelde_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1009" data-file-height="1317" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuel Kant</a> wrote Dreams of a Spirit-Seer, a methodical investigation of Swedenborg's claims.</figcaption></figure> In 1763, <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuel Kant</a>, then at the beginning of his career, was impressed by accounts of Swedenborg's psychic abilities and made inquiries to find out if they were true. He also ordered all eight volumes of the expensive Arcana Cœlestia (Heavenly Arcana or Heavenly Mysteries). One Charlotte von Knobloch wrote to Kant asking his opinion of Swedenborg's psychic experiences.<a href="#cite_note-108">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[f]</a> Kant wrote a very affirmative reply, referring to Swedenborg's "miraculous" gift, and characterizing him as "reasonable, agreeable, remarkable and sincere" and "a scholar", in one of his letters to <a href="/wiki/Moses_Mendelssohn" title="Moses Mendelssohn">Moses Mendelssohn</a>,<a href="#cite_note-110">[104]</a> and expressing regret that he (Kant) had never met Swedenborg.<a href="#cite_note-111">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[106]</a> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Green_(merchant)" title="Joseph Green (merchant)">Joseph Green</a>, his English friend, who investigated the matter for Kant, including by visiting Swedenborg's home, found Swedenborg to be a "sensible, pleasant and openhearted" man and here again, a scholar.<a href="#cite_note-113">[107]</a> However, three years later, in 1766, Kant wrote and published anonymously a small book entitled Träume eines Geistersehers (Dreams of a Spirit-Seer)<a href="#cite_note-114">[108]</a> that was a scathing critique of Swedenborg and his writings. He termed Swedenborg a "spook hunter"<a href="#cite_note-115">[109]</a> "without official office or occupation".<a href="#cite_note-116">[110]</a> As rationale for his critique, Kant said he wanted to stop "ceaseless questioning"<a href="#cite_note-117">[111]</a> and inquiries about Dreams from "inquisitive" persons, both known and unknown.<a href="#cite_note-118">[112]</a> Kant's friend Moses Mendelssohn thought there was a "joking pensiveness" in Dreams that sometimes left the reader in doubt as to whether Dreams was meant to make "metaphysics laughable or spirit-seeking credible".<a href="#cite_note-119">[113]</a> In one of his letters to Mendelssohn, Kant refers to Dreams less-than-enthusiastically as a "desultory little essay".<a href="#cite_note-120">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theology">Theology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuel_Swedenborg&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Theology">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emanuel_Swedenborg_full_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Emanuel_Swedenborg_full_portrait.jpg/220px-Emanuel_Swedenborg_full_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Emanuel_Swedenborg_full_portrait.jpg/330px-Emanuel_Swedenborg_full_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Emanuel_Swedenborg_full_portrait.jpg/440px-Emanuel_Swedenborg_full_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1540" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Swedenborg at the age of 75, holding the soon to be published manuscript of Apocalypse Revealed (1766)</figcaption></figure> Swedenborg claimed in The Heavenly Doctrine that the teachings of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">Second Coming</a> of Jesus Christ were revealed to him.<a href="#cite_note-121">[115]</a> Swedenborg considered his <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theology</a> a revelation of the true Christian religion that had become <a href="/wiki/Obfuscated" class="mw-redirect" title="Obfuscated">obfuscated</a> through centuries of theology. However, he did not refer to his writings as theology since he considered it based on actual experiences, unlike theology,<a href="#cite_note-Delblanc-22">[22]</a> except in the title of his last work. Neither did he wish to compare it to <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a>, a discipline he discarded in 1748 because, he claimed, it "darkens the mind, blinds us, and wholly rejects the faith".<a href="#cite_note-122">[116]</a> The foundation of Swedenborg's theology was laid down in <a href="/wiki/Arcana_C%C5%93lestia" title="Arcana Cœlestia">Arcana Cœlestia</a> (Heavenly Mysteries), published in eight Latin volumes from 1749 to 1756. In a significant portion of that work, he interprets the Biblical passages of Genesis and Exodus. He reviews what he says is the inner spiritual sense of these two works of the Word of God. (He later made a similar review of the inner sense of the book of Revelation in Apocalypse Revealed.<a href="#cite_note-123">[117]</a>) Most of all, he was convinced that the Bible describes a human's transformation from a materialistic to a spiritual being, which he calls rebirth or <a href="/wiki/Regeneration_(theology)" title="Regeneration (theology)">regeneration</a>. He begins this work by outlining how the <a href="/wiki/Creation_myth" title="Creation myth">creation myth</a> was not an account of the creation of Earth, but an account of man's rebirth or regeneration in six steps represented by the six days of creation. Everything related to mankind in the Bible could also be related to <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a>, and how Christ freed himself from materialistic boundaries through the glorification of his human presence by making it Divine. Swedenborg examines this idea in his exposition of <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Genesis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Exodus" title="Book of Exodus">Exodus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-124">[118]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriage">Marriage</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuel_Swedenborg&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Marriage">edit</a>]</div> One often discussed aspect of Swedenborg's writing is his ideas on <a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">marriage</a>. Swedenborg himself remained a bachelor all his life, but that did not hinder him from writing voluminously on the subject. His work on Marriage Love (Conjugial Love<a href="#cite_note-125">[g]</a> in older translations) (1768) was dedicated to this purpose.<a href="#cite_note-126">[119]</a> A central question with regard to marriage is whether it stops at death or continues into heaven. The question arises due to a statement attributed to Jesus that there is no marriage in heaven (Luke 20:27–38, Matthew 22:23–32, and Mark 12:18–27). Swedenborg wrote The Lord God Jesus Christ on Marriage in Heaven as a detailed analysis of what he meant.<a href="#cite_note-127">[120]</a> The quality of the relationship between husband and wife resumes in the spiritual world in whatever state it was at their death in this world. Thus, a couple in true marriage love remain together in that state in <a href="/wiki/Heaven" title="Heaven">heaven</a> into eternity. A couple lacking in that love by one or both partners, however, will separate after death and each will be given a compatible new partner if they wish. A partner is also given to a person who loved the ideal of marriage but never found a true partner in this world. The exception in both cases is a person who hates chaste marriage and thus cannot receive such a partner.<a href="#cite_note-128">[121]</a> Swedenborg saw creation as a series of pairings, descending from the Divine love and wisdom<a href="#cite_note-129">[122]</a> that define <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a> and are the basis of creation. This duality can be seen in the pairing of good and truth,<a href="#cite_note-130">[123]</a> charity and faith,<a href="#cite_note-131">[124]</a> God and the church,<a href="#cite_note-132">[125]</a> and husband and wife.<a href="#cite_note-133">[126]</a> In each case, the goal for these pairs is to achieve <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/conjunction" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:conjunction">conjunction</a> between the two component parts. In the case of marriage, the object is to bring about the joining of the two partners at the spiritual and physical levels, and the happiness that comes as a consequence. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trinity">Trinity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuel_Swedenborg&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Trinity">edit</a>]</div> Swedenborg <a href="/wiki/Nontrinitarianism" title="Nontrinitarianism">rejected</a> the common explanation of the <a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a> as a Trinity of Persons, which he said was not taught in the <a href="/wiki/Early_Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Christian">early Christian</a> church. There was, for instance, no mention in the <a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostolic</a> writings of any "Son from eternity".<a href="#cite_note-134">[127]</a> Instead he explained in his theological writings how the Divine Trinity exists in One Person, in One God, the Lord <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a>, which he said is taught in Colossians 2:9. According to The Heavenly Doctrine, Jesus, the <a href="/wiki/Son_of_God" title="Son of God">Son of God</a>, came into the world because of the spread of evil here.<a href="#cite_note-135">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[131]</a> Swedenborg spoke in virtually all his works against what he regarded as the incomprehensible Trinity of Persons concept. He said that people of other religions opposed Christianity because of its doctrine of a Trinity of Persons. He considered the separation of the Trinity into three separate Persons to have originated with the <a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">First Council of Nicaea</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Athanasian" class="mw-redirect" title="Athanasian">Athanasian</a> Creed.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sola_Fide_(Faith_Alone)">Sola Fide (Faith Alone)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuel_Swedenborg&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Sola Fide (Faith Alone)">edit</a>]</div> The Heavenly Doctrine rejects the concept of salvation through <a href="/wiki/Faith_alone" class="mw-redirect" title="Faith alone">faith alone</a> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: sola fide), since he considered both <a href="/wiki/Faith" title="Faith">faith</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charity_(virtue)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charity (virtue)">charity</a> necessary for <a href="/wiki/Salvation" title="Salvation">salvation</a>, not one without the other, whereas the Reformers taught that faith-alone procured justification, although it must be a faith which resulted in obedience. The purpose of faith, according to The Heavenly Doctrine, is to lead a person to a life according to the truths of faith, which is charity, as is taught in 1 Corinthians 13:13 and James 2:20. In other words, Swedenborg spoke sharply against the sola fide doctrine of Luther and others. He held that justification before God was not based solely upon some imputed righteousness before God, and was not achievable merely by a gift of God's grace (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: sola gratia, <a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> 'by grace alone'), granted without any basis in a person's actual behavior in life. Sola fide was a doctrine averred by Martin Luther, <a href="/wiki/John_Calvin" title="John Calvin">John Calvin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulrich_Zwingli" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulrich Zwingli">Ulrich Zwingli</a> and others during the Protestant Reformation, and was a core belief especially in the theology of the Lutheran reformers <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philip_Melanchthon" title="Philip Melanchthon">Philip Melanchthon</a>. Although the sola fide doctrine of the Reformers also emphasized that saving faith was one that effected works<a href="#cite_note-139">[132]</a> (by faith alone, but not by a faith which is alone), Swedenborg protested against sola fide being the instrument of justification, and held that salvation is only possible through the conjunction of faith and charity in a person, and that the purpose of faith is to lead a person to live according to the truths of faith, which is <a href="/wiki/Charity_(virtue)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charity (virtue)">charity</a>. He further states that faith and charity must be exercised by doing good out of willing good whenever possible, which are good works or good uses or the conjunction perishes. In one section he wrote: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">It is very evident from their <a href="/wiki/Epistles" class="mw-redirect" title="Epistles">Epistles</a> that it never entered the mind of any of the <a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">apostles</a> that the church of this day would separate faith from charity by teaching that <a href="/wiki/Sola_fide" title="Sola fide">faith alone</a> justifies and saves apart from the works of the law, and that charity therefore cannot be conjoined with faith, since faith is from God, and charity, so far as it is expressed in works, is from man. But this separation and division were introduced into the Christian church when it divided God into three persons, and ascribed to each equal Divinity.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>True Christian Religion, section 355<a href="#cite_note-140">[133]</a></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_history">Later history</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuel_Swedenborg&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Later history">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wayfarers_Chapel,_also_known_as_%22The_Glass_Church%22_is_located_in_Rancho_Palos_Verdes,_California_LCCN2013634638.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Wayfarers_Chapel%2C_also_known_as_%22The_Glass_Church%22_is_located_in_Rancho_Palos_Verdes%2C_California_LCCN2013634638.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Wayfarers_Chapel%2C_also_known_as_%22The_Glass_Church%22_is_located_in_Rancho_Palos_Verdes%2C_California_LCCN2013634638.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Wayfarers_Chapel%2C_also_known_as_%22The_Glass_Church%22_is_located_in_Rancho_Palos_Verdes%2C_California_LCCN2013634638.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Wayfarers_Chapel%2C_also_known_as_%22The_Glass_Church%22_is_located_in_Rancho_Palos_Verdes%2C_California_LCCN2013634638.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Wayfarers_Chapel%2C_also_known_as_%22The_Glass_Church%22_is_located_in_Rancho_Palos_Verdes%2C_California_LCCN2013634638.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Wayfarers_Chapel%2C_also_known_as_%22The_Glass_Church%22_is_located_in_Rancho_Palos_Verdes%2C_California_LCCN2013634638.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5699" data-file-height="4384" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wayfarers_Chapel" title="Wayfarers Chapel">Wayfarers Chapel</a>, located in Rancho Palos Verdes, California, is one of the gathering places where believers fellowship.</figcaption></figure> Swedenborg made no attempt to found a church.<a href="#cite_note-141">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[135]</a> A few years after his death – 15 (~1787) by one estimate<a href="#cite_note-143">[136]</a> – for the most part in England, small reading groups formed to study his teachings.<a href="#cite_note-144">[137]</a> As one scholar states, The Heavenly Doctrine particularly appealed to the various dissenting groups that sprang up in the first half of the 18th century who were "surfeited with revivalism and narrow-mindedness" and found his optimism and comprehensive explanations appealing.<a href="#cite_note-145">[138]</a> A variety of important cultural figures, both writers and artists, were influenced by Swedenborg's writings, including <a href="/wiki/Robert_Frost" title="Robert Frost">Robert Frost</a>,<a href="#cite_note-146">[139]</a> <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Appleseed" title="Johnny Appleseed">Johnny Appleseed</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">William Blake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Luis_Borges" title="Jorge Luis Borges">Jorge Luis Borges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Burnham" title="Daniel Burnham">Daniel Burnham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Baudelaire" title="Charles Baudelaire">Charles Baudelaire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Conan_Doyle" title="Arthur Conan Doyle">Arthur Conan Doyle</a>,<a href="#cite_note-147">[140]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Ralph Waldo Emerson</a>,<a href="#cite_note-148">[141]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Flaxman" title="John Flaxman">John Flaxman</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Inness" title="George Inness">George Inness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_James_Sr." title="Henry James Sr.">Henry James Sr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Jung" title="Carl Jung">Carl Jung</a>,<a href="#cite_note-149">[142]</a> <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuel Kant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_de_Balzac" title="Honoré de Balzac">Honoré de Balzac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helen_Keller" title="Helen Keller">Helen Keller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czes%C5%82aw_Mi%C5%82osz" title="Czesław Miłosz">Czesław Miłosz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Smith" title="Joseph Smith">Joseph Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/August_Strindberg" title="August Strindberg">August Strindberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/D._T._Suzuki" title="D. T. Suzuki">D. T. Suzuki</a>, <a href="/wiki/W._B._Yeats" title="W. B. Yeats">W. B. Yeats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tomislav_Vla%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Tomislav Vlašić">Tomislav Vlašić</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Mother Teresa</a>. His philosophy had a great impact on the Duke of <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B6dermanland" title="Södermanland">Södermanland</a>, later King <a href="/wiki/Carl_XIII" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl XIII">Carl XIII</a>, who as the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Master_(Masonic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Master (Masonic)">Grand Master</a> of Swedish <a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Freemasonry</a> (Svenska Frimurare Orden) built its unique system of degrees and wrote its rituals. In contrast, one of the most prominent Swedish authors of Swedenborg's day, <a href="/wiki/Johan_Henric_Kellgren" title="Johan Henric Kellgren">Johan Henric Kellgren</a>, called Swedenborg "nothing but a fool".<a href="#cite_note-johan-150">[h]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Heresy" title="Heresy">heresy</a> trial was initiated in Sweden in 1768 against Swedenborg writings and two men who promoted them.<a href="#cite_note-152">[i]</a> In the two and a half centuries since Swedenborg's death, various <a href="/wiki/The_New_Church_(Swedenborgian)" title="The New Church (Swedenborgian)">interpretations</a> of his theology have been made, and he has also been scrutinized in biographies and psychological studies.<a href="#cite_note-153">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[j]</a> Swedenborg, with his claimed new <a href="/wiki/Dispensation_(period)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dispensation (period)">dispensation</a>, has been considered by some to have a <a href="/wiki/Mental_illness" class="mw-redirect" title="Mental illness">mental illness</a>.<a href="#cite_note-johan-150">[h]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[k]</a> While the insanity explanation was not uncommon during Swedenborg's own time, it is mitigated by his activity in the Swedish <a href="/wiki/Riddarhuset" class="mw-redirect" title="Riddarhuset">Riddarhuset</a> (the House of the Nobility), the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Sweden">Riksdag</a> (the Swedish parliament), and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Swedish_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences">Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences</a>. Additionally, the system of thought in his theological writings is considered by some to be remarkably coherent.<a href="#cite_note-157">[146]</a> Furthermore, he was characterized by his contemporaries as a "kind and warm-hearted man", "amiable in his meeting with the public", speaking "easily and naturally of his spiritual experiences",<a href="#cite_note-158">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[149]</a> with pleasant and interesting conversation. An English friend of Kant's who visited Swedenborg at Kant's behest described Swedenborg as a "reasonable, pleasant and candid man and scholar".<a href="#cite_note-161">[150]</a> Of note here is Swedenborg's statement that he was commanded by the Lord to publish his writings and "Do not believe that without this express command I would have thought of publishing things which I knew in advance would make me look ridiculous and many people would think lies".<a href="#cite_note-162">[151]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuel_Swedenborg&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Works">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Swedenborg,_Emanuel_%E2%80%93_Principia_rerum_naturalium,_1734_%E2%80%93_BEIC_12838559.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Swedenborg%2C_Emanuel_%E2%80%93_Principia_rerum_naturalium%2C_1734_%E2%80%93_BEIC_12838559.jpg/220px-Swedenborg%2C_Emanuel_%E2%80%93_Principia_rerum_naturalium%2C_1734_%E2%80%93_BEIC_12838559.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Swedenborg%2C_Emanuel_%E2%80%93_Principia_rerum_naturalium%2C_1734_%E2%80%93_BEIC_12838559.jpg/330px-Swedenborg%2C_Emanuel_%E2%80%93_Principia_rerum_naturalium%2C_1734_%E2%80%93_BEIC_12838559.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Swedenborg%2C_Emanuel_%E2%80%93_Principia_rerum_naturalium%2C_1734_%E2%80%93_BEIC_12838559.jpg/440px-Swedenborg%2C_Emanuel_%E2%80%93_Principia_rerum_naturalium%2C_1734_%E2%80%93_BEIC_12838559.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1487" data-file-height="2260" /></a><figcaption>Principia rerum naturalium, 1734</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Swedenborg_House.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Swedenborg_House.jpg/220px-Swedenborg_House.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Swedenborg_House.jpg/330px-Swedenborg_House.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Swedenborg_House.jpg/440px-Swedenborg_House.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="4896" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Swedenborg_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedenborg House">Swedenborg House</a>, a publishing house in London of works by Swedenborg</figcaption></figure> Copies of the original Latin version in which Swedenborg wrote his revelation are available from the following sources.<a href="#cite_note-163">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[155]</a> The common names used in a New Church listing are given parenthetically,<a href="#cite_note-167">[156]</a> followed by the titles in the original. All the titles listed were published by Swedenborg except The Spiritual Diary.<a href="#cite_note-168">[157]</a> Various minor reports and tracts have been omitted from the list. <ul><li>1716–1718, (Daedalus Hyperboreus) Swedish: Daedalus Hyperboreus, eller några nya mathematiska och physicaliska försök. (English: The Northern inventor, or some new experiments in mathematics and physics)</li> <li>1721, (Principles of Chemistry) Latin: Prodromus principiorum rerum naturalium: sive novorum tentaminum chymiam et physicam experimenta geometrice explicandi</li> <li>1722, (Miscellaneous Observations) Latin: Miscellanea de Rebus Naturalibus</li> <li>1734, (Principia) Latin: Opera Philosophica et Mineralia (English: Philosophical and Mineralogical Works), three volumes <ul><li>(Principia, Volume I) Latin: Tomus I. Principia rerum naturlium sive novorum tentaminum phaenomena mundi elementaris philosophice explicandi</li> <li>(Principia, Volume II) Latin: Tomus II. Regnum subterraneum sive minerale de ferro</li> <li>(Principia, Volume III) Latin: Tomus III. Regnum subterraneum sive minerale de cupro et orichalco</li></ul></li> <li>1734, (The Infinite and Final Cause of Creation) Latin: Prodromus Philosophiz Ratiocinantis de Infinito, et Causa Finali Creationis; deque Mechanismo Operationis Animae et Corporis.</li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=12838559">Principia rerum naturalium</a> (in Latin). Leipzig: Friedrich Heckel. 1734.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Principia+rerum+naturalium&rft.place=Leipzig&rft.pub=Friedrich+Heckel&rft.date=1734&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgutenberg.beic.it%2Fwebclient%2FDeliveryManager%3Fpid%3D12838559&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Swedenborg" class="Z3988"></li> <li>1742, ( The Soul Or Rational Psychology)</li> <li>1744–1745, (The Animal Kingdom) Latin: Regnum animale, 3 volumes</li> <li>1745, (The Worship and Love of God) Latin: De Cultu et Amore Dei, 2 volumes</li> <li>1749–1756, (<a href="/wiki/Arcana_C%C5%93lestia" title="Arcana Cœlestia">Arcana Cœlestia</a> or Caelestia) (Heavenly Mysteries) Latin: Arcana Cœlestia, quae in Scriptura Sacra seu Verbo Domini sunt, detecta, 8 volumes</li> <li>1758, (<a href="/wiki/Heaven_and_Hell_(Swedenborg)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heaven and Hell (Swedenborg)">Heaven and Hell</a>) Latin: De Caelo et Ejus Mirabilibus et de inferno. Ex Auditis et Visis.</li> <li>1758, (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newchristianbiblestudy.org/exposition/translation/last-judgment-chadwick">The Last Judgment</a>) Latin: De Ultimo Judicio</li> <li>1758, (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newchristianbiblestudy.org/exposition/translation/white-horse-ryder">The White Horse</a>) Latin: De Equo Albo de quo in Apocalypsi Cap. XIX.</li> <li>1758, (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newchristianbiblestudy.org/exposition/translation/earths-in-the-universe-chadwick">Earths in the Universe</a>) Latin: De Telluribus in Mundo Nostro Solari, quæ vocantur planetæ: et de telluribus in coelo astrifero: deque illarum incolis; tum de spiritibus & angelis ibi; ex auditis & visis.</li> <li>1758, (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newchristianbiblestudy.org/exposition/translation/new-jerusalem-and-heavenly-doctrine-whitehead">The New Jerusalem and Its Heavenly Doctrine</a>) Latin: De Nova Hierosolyma et Ejus Doctrina Coelesti</li> <li>1763, (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newchristianbiblestudy.org/exposition/translation/doctrine-of-the-lord-dole">Doctrine of the Lord</a>) Latin:Doctrina Novæ Hierosolymæ de Domino.</li> <li>1763, (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newchristianbiblestudy.org/exposition/translation/doctrine-of-sacred-scripture-dole">Doctrine of the Sacred Scripture</a>) Latin: Doctrina Novæ Hierosolymæ de Scriptura Sacra. </li> <li>1763, (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newchristianbiblestudy.org/exposition/translation/doctrine-of-life-dole">Doctrine of Life</a>) Latin: Doctrina Vitæ pro Nova Hierosolyma ex præceptis Decalogi.</li> <li>1763, (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newchristianbiblestudy.org/exposition/translation/faith-nce">Doctrine of Faith</a>) Latin: Doctrina Novæ Hierosolymæ de Fide.</li> <li>1763, (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newchristianbiblestudy.org/exposition/translation/continuation-of-the-last-judgment-chadwick">Continuation of The Last Judgement</a>) Latin: Continuatio De Ultimo Judicio: et de mundo spirituali.</li> <li>1763, (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newchristianbiblestudy.org/exposition/translation/divine-love-and-wisdom-dole">Divine Love and Wisdom</a>) Latin: Sapientia Angelica de Divino Amore et de Divina Sapientia. Sapientia Angelica de Divina Providentia.</li> <li>1764, (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newchristianbiblestudy.org/exposition/translation/divine-providence-dole">Divine Providence</a>) Latin: Sapientia Angelica de Divina Providentia. </li> <li>1766, (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newchristianbiblestudy.org/exposition/translation/apocalypse-revealed-rogers">Apocalypse Revealed</a>) Latin: Apocalypsis Revelata, in quae detegunter Arcana quae ibi preedicta sunt.</li> <li>1768, (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newchristianbiblestudy.org/exposition/translation/conjugial-love-rogers">Conjugial Love, or Marriage Love</a>) Latin: Deliciae Sapientiae de Amore Conjugiali; post quas sequumtur voluptates insaniae de amore scortatorio.</li> <li>1769, (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newchristianbiblestudy.org/exposition/translation/brief-exposition-stanley">Brief Exposition</a>) Latin: Summaria Expositio Doctrinæ Novæ Ecclesiæ, quæ per Novam Hierosolymam in Apocalypsi intelligitur.</li> <li>1769, (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newchristianbiblestudy.org/exposition/translation/interaction-of-the-soul-and-body-vickers">Interaction of the Soul and the Body</a>) Latin: De Commercio Animæ & Corporis.</li> <li>1771, (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newchristianbiblestudy.org/exposition/translation/true-christian-religion-rose">True Christian Religion</a>) Latin: Vera Christiana Religio, continens Universam Theologiam Novae Ecclesiae</li> <li>1859, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theisticpsychology.org/books/dreams/journal-of-dreams.htm">Drömboken, Journalanteckningar (Journal of Dreams)</a>, 1743–1744</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=3921566">Geologica et epistolae</a> (in Latin). Stockholm: Officina Aftonbladet. 1907.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geologica+et+epistolae&rft.place=Stockholm&rft.pub=Officina+Aftonbladet&rft.date=1907&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgutenberg.beic.it%2Fwebclient%2FDeliveryManager%3Fpid%3D3921566&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Swedenborg" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=3922381">Cosmologica</a> (in Latin). Stockholm: Officina Aftonbladet. 1908.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cosmologica&rft.place=Stockholm&rft.pub=Officina+Aftonbladet&rft.date=1908&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgutenberg.beic.it%2Fwebclient%2FDeliveryManager%3Fpid%3D3922381&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Swedenborg" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=3923216">Miscellanea de rebus naturalibus</a> (in Latin). Stockholm: Officina Aftonbladet. 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Miscellanea+de+rebus+naturalibus&rft.place=Stockholm&rft.pub=Officina+Aftonbladet&rft.date=1911&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgutenberg.beic.it%2Fwebclient%2FDeliveryManager%3Fpid%3D3923216&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Swedenborg" class="Z3988"></li> <li>1983–1997, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.e-swedenborg.com/writings/static/d9216/0.htm">(Spiritual Diary) Latin:</a> Diarum, Ubi Memorantur Experientiae Spirituales.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuel_Swedenborg&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: In popular culture">edit</a>]</div> The song The Dreams of Swedenborg, from symphonic metal band <a href="/wiki/Therion_(band)" title="Therion (band)">Therion</a>'s 2004 album <a href="/wiki/Lemuria_(album)" title="Lemuria (album)">Lemuria</a>, talks about Swedenborg's revelations. Swedenborg and his spiritual philosophy are prominently featured in the 1835 Balzac novel, Seraphita. Swedenborg's book Heaven and its Wonders and Hell From Things Heard and Seen is a major contributor to the plot of the movie <a href="/wiki/Things_Heard_%26_Seen" title="Things Heard & Seen">Things Heard & Seen</a>, which premiered on <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a> in 2021. In Olga Tokarczuk's 2018 novel, <a href="/wiki/Drive_Your_Plow_Over_the_Bones_of_the_Dead" title="Drive Your Plow Over the Bones of the Dead">Drive Your Plow Over the Bones of the Dead</a>, the main character, Janina Duszejko, makes a reference to Swedenborg's work in astrology. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Posthumous_honours">Posthumous honours</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuel_Swedenborg&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Posthumous honours">edit</a>]</div> The mineral <a href="/w/index.php?title=Swedenborgite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Swedenborgite (page does not exist)">swedenborgite</a>, discovered in <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A5ngban" title="Långban">Långban</a>, Sweden in 1924, is named in his honor.<a href="#cite_note-169">[158]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuel_Swedenborg&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swedenborg_Society" title="Swedenborg Society">Swedenborg Society</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/31px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/47px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/62px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/18px-Socrates.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/27px-Socrates.png 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thinkers in science">List of Christian thinkers in science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_New_Church_Which_Is_Nova_Hierosolyma" title="Lord's New Church Which Is Nova Hierosolyma">Lord's New Church Which Is Nova Hierosolyma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Church_(Swedenborgian)" title="The New Church (Swedenborgian)">The New Church (Swedenborgian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Church_of_the_New_Jerusalem" title="General Church of the New Jerusalem">General Church of the New Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedenborgian_Church_of_North_America" title="Swedenborgian Church of North America">Swedenborgian Church of North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedenborg_Rite" title="Swedenborg Rite">Swedenborg Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayfarers_Chapel" title="Wayfarers Chapel">Wayfarers Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniil_Andreyev" title="Daniil Andreyev">Daniil Andreyev</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuel_Swedenborg&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> For an extensive explanation of the inner spiritual sense of the book of the Apocalypse, see Swedenborg, E. The Apocalypse Revealed Wherein are Disclosed the Arcana Foretold Which Have Hitherto Remained Concealed (Swedenborg Foundation, 1928). </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> The citation "Bergquist (1999)" is used here repeatedly but appears to contain mislabelled quotations. See the "Talk" section of this page under the heading "Bergquist footnote problem". </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> The accounts are fully described in Bergquist, pp. 312–313 and in Chapter 31 of The Swedenborg Epic. The primary source for these accounts is a letter from <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuel Kant</a> in 1768 and the Swedenborg collection by Tafel (see <a href="#Further_reading">Further reading</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> According to Bergquist (1999), pp. 314–315, There are several different accounts of the events which makes it difficult to conclude the exact details of the event. Carl Robsahm (see <a href="#Sources">reference</a>) reports the story in this way. </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> According to Bergquist (1999), p. 316, there are some ten different reports of this event. There are two trustworthy descriptions, one by Robsahm (writing down Swedenborg's own description) and one by a priest who enquired of the woman in a letter fifteen years later. </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> This letter is further discussed in Laywine, A., "Kant's Early Metaphysics". North American Kant Society Studies in Philosophy, volume 3 (Atascadero, California: Ridgeview Publishing Company, 1993), pp. 72–74. </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/conjugial" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:conjugial">conjugial</a>" should not be confused with "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/conjugal" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:conjugal">conjugal</a>", the general term for marriage. </li> <li id="cite_note-johan-150">^ <a href="#cite_ref-johan_150-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-johan_150-1">b</a> <a href="/wiki/Johan_Henrik_Kellgren" class="mw-redirect" title="Johan Henrik Kellgren">Johan Henrik Kellgren</a> published an often quoted satirical poem entitled Man äger ej snille för det man är galen ("You Own Not Genius For That You are Mad") in 1787. See Jonsson, Inge, Swedenborg och Linné, in Delblanc & Lönnroth (1999). (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/sv:Man_%C3%A4ger_ej_snille_f%C3%B6r_det_man_%C3%A4r_galen" class="extiw" title="wikisource:sv:Man äger ej snille för det man är galen">Link to the full poem, in Swedish</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> The trial in 1768 was against Gabrial Beyer and Johan Rosén and was essentially concerned whether Swedenborg's theological writings were consistent with Christian doctrine. A royal ordinance in 1770 declared that writings were "clearly mistaken" and should not be taught. Swedenborg then begged the King for grace and protection in a letter from Amsterdam. A new investigation against Swedenborg stalled and was eventually dropped in 1778.<a href="#cite_note-151">[143]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> See "<a href="#Sources">Sources</a>" and "<a href="#Further_reading">Further reading</a>" sections, below. </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> This subject is touched on in the preface of Bergquist (1999), who mentions the biography by Martin Lamm (originally published in 1917) and its focus on the similarities of Swedenborg's scientific and theological lives. He mentions an earlier biography by the Swedish physician Emil Kleen who concluded that Swedenborg was blatantly mad, suffering "<a href="/wiki/Paranoia" title="Paranoia">paranoia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hallucinations" class="mw-redirect" title="Hallucinations">hallucinations</a>. A similar conclusion was proposed more recently by <a href="/wiki/Psychiatrist" title="Psychiatrist">psychiatrist</a> John Johnson in "Henry Maudsley on Swedenborg's messianic psychosis", British Journal of Psychiatry 165:690–691 (1994), who wrote that Swedenborg had hallucinations of "acute <a href="/wiki/Schizophrenia" title="Schizophrenia">schizophrenia</a> or epileptic <a href="/wiki/Psychosis" title="Psychosis">psychosis</a>". Another contemporary critique, Foote-Smith E, Smith TJ. Emanuel Swedenborg. Epilepsia 1996 Feb; 37(2):211-8, proposed that Swedenborg had had <a href="/wiki/Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsy" class="mw-redirect" title="Temporal Lobe Epilepsy">Temporal Lobe Epilepsy</a>. For a detailed review of these two articles, see the special issue of the academic journal The New Philosophy The Madness Hypothesis.) </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuel_Swedenborg&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Spinks2017-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Spinks2017_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spinks2017_1-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpinks2017" class="citation book cs1">Spinks, Bryan D. (2 March 2017). Reformation and Modern Rituals and Theologies of Baptism: From Luther to Contemporary Practices. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-351-90583-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-351-90583-1"><bdi>978-1-351-90583-1</bdi></a>. <q>However, Swedenborg claimed to receive visions and revelations of heavenly things and a 'New Church', and the new church which was founded upon his writings was a Restorationist Church. The three nineteenth-century churches are all examples of Restorationist Churches, which believed they were refounding the Apostolic Church, and preparing for the Second Coming of Christ.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reformation+and+Modern+Rituals+and+Theologies+of+Baptism%3A+From+Luther+to+Contemporary+Practices&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2017-03-02&rft.isbn=978-1-351-90583-1&rft.aulast=Spinks&rft.aufirst=Bryan+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Swedenborg" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/swedenborg">"Swedenborg"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Random_House_Webster%27s_Unabridged_Dictionary" title="Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary">Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-enc1911-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-enc1911_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-enc1911_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-enc1911_3-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrieve1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Grieve, Alexander James (1911). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Swedenborg,_Emanuel">"Swedenborg, Emanuel" </a>. In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 221.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Swedenborg%2C+Emanuel&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=221&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Grieve&rft.aufirst=Alexander+James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Swedenborg" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/swedenborg-emanuel-0">"Swedenborg, Emanuel | Encyclopedia.com"</a>. www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2024-09-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.encyclopedia.com&rft.atitle=Swedenborg%2C+Emanuel+%7C+Encyclopedia.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Fenvironment%2Fencyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps%2Fswedenborg-emanuel-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Swedenborg" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swedenborgdigitallibrary.org/contets/HH.html">"Swedenborg, E. Heaven and its Wonders and Hell. From Things Heard and Seen (Swedenborg Foundation, 1946)"</a>. Swedenborgdigitallibrary.org. Retrieved 2012-08-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Swedenborg%2C+E.+Heaven+and+its+Wonders+and+Hell.+From+Things+Heard+and+Seen+%28Swedenborg+Foundation%2C+1946%29&rft.pub=Swedenborgdigitallibrary.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.swedenborgdigitallibrary.org%2Fcontets%2FHH.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Swedenborg" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> Bergquist, Preface (pp. 15–16) </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> Compare: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=Easter+Sunday+1744">Easter Sunday 1744 = Wednesday, March 25, 1744 (Gregorian calendar)</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVardyVardy2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Vardy_(theologian)" title="Peter Vardy (theologian)">Vardy, Peter</a>; Vardy, Charlotte (31 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xfsMAQAAQBAJ">God Matters</a> (reprint ed.). London: SCM Press (published 2013). p. 163. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780334043928" title="Special:BookSources/9780334043928"><bdi>9780334043928</bdi></a>. Retrieved 23 January 2021. <q>Emanuel Swedenborg [...] entered into a spiritual phase of life at the age of 53 in 1741. He had a series of dreams and visions, culminating in an 'awakening' at Easter 1744, after which Swedenborg felt that he was free to visit heaven and hell and to talk with spirits, angels and demons.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=God+Matters&rft.place=London&rft.pages=163&rft.edition=reprint&rft.pub=SCM+Press&rft.date=2013-10-31&rft.isbn=9780334043928&rft.aulast=Vardy&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Vardy%2C+Charlotte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxfsMAQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Swedenborg" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> See Swedenborg, E. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heavenlydoctrines.org/">The Heavenly Doctrine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swedenborgdigitallibrary.org/contets/LJ.html">Swedenborg, E. The Last Judgment and Babylon Destroyed. All the Predictions in the Apocalypse are at This Day Fulfilled. (Swedenborg Foundation 1952, Paragraphs 1–74)</a> Retrieved 16 August 2013. </li> <li id="cite_note-swedenborgdigitallibrary.org-11"><a href="#cite_ref-swedenborgdigitallibrary.org_11-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://swedenborgdigitallibrary.org/contets/tcrtc.html">"The True Christian Religion, Containing the Universal Theology of The New Church Foretold by the Lord in Daniel 7; 13, 14; and in Revelation 21; 1, 2, by Emanuel Swedenborg"</a>. Swedenborgdigitallibrary.org. Retrieved 2012-08-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+True+Christian+Religion%2C+Containing+the+Universal+Theology+of+The+New+Church+Foretold+by+the+Lord+in+Daniel+7%3B+13%2C+14%3B+and+in+Revelation+21%3B+1%2C+2%2C+by+Emanuel+Swedenborg&rft.pub=Swedenborgdigitallibrary.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fswedenborgdigitallibrary.org%2Fcontets%2Ftcrtc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Swedenborg" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-swedenborgdigitallibrary1-12"><a href="#cite_ref-swedenborgdigitallibrary1_12-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://swedenborgdigitallibrary.org/contets/books.html">"Which of Swedenborg's books are Divine revelation?"</a>. Swedenborgdigitallibrary.org. Retrieved 2013-08-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Which+of+Swedenborg%27s+books+are+Divine+revelation%3F&rft.pub=Swedenborgdigitallibrary.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fswedenborgdigitallibrary.org%2Fcontets%2Fbooks.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Swedenborg" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swedenborgdigitallibrary.org/contets/books.html">"Which of Swedenborg's books are Divine revelation?"</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOdhner1912" class="citation journal cs1">Odhner, Carl Theophilus (1912). ""Diary" and the Spiritual Body". New Church Life: 298.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Church+Life&rft.atitle=%22Diary%22+and+the+Spiritual+Body&rft.pages=298&rft.date=1912&rft.aulast=Odhner&rft.aufirst=Carl+Theophilus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Swedenborg" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNew_Jerusalem_Church1788" class="citation book cs1">New Jerusalem Church (1788). Reasons for separating from the old church. : In answer to a letter received from certain persons in Manchester, who profess to believe in the heavenly doctrines of the New Jerusalem Church, as contained in the theological writings of the Late Hon. Emanuel Swedenborg, and yet remain in the external forms of doctrine and worship now in use in old church, not withstanding their direct opposition to the heavenly doctrines of the new church. To which are added, sundry passages from E. Swedenborg, on which the expediency, and even necessity, of a complete separation from the former church, is founded. By the Members of the New Jerusalem Church, who assemble in Great East-Cheap, London. R. Hindmarsh. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/508967814">508967814</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reasons+for+separating+from+the+old+church.+%3A+In+answer+to+a+letter+received+from+certain+persons+in+Manchester%2C+who+profess+to+believe+in+the+heavenly+doctrines+of+the+New+Jerusalem+Church%2C+as+contained+in+the+theological+writings+of+the+Late+Hon.+Emanuel+Swedenborg%2C+and+yet+remain+in+the+external+forms+of+doctrine+and+worship+now+in+use+in+old+church%2C+not+withstanding+their+direct+opposition+to+the+heavenly+doctrines+of+the+new+church.+To+which+are+added%2C+sundry+passages+from+E.+Swedenborg%2C+on+which+the+expediency%2C+and+even+necessity%2C+of+a+complete+separation+from+the+former+church%2C+is+founded.+By+the+Members+of+the+New+Jerusalem+Church%2C+who+assemble+in+Great+East-Cheap%2C+London&rft.pub=R.+Hindmarsh&rft.date=1788&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F508967814&rft.au=New+Jerusalem+Church&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Swedenborg" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adelsvapen.com/genealogi/Svedenborg_nr_1598">"Adliga ätten SVEDENBORG nr 1598"</a>. Adelsvapen.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Adelsvapen&rft.atitle=Adliga+%C3%A4tten+SVEDENBORG+nr+1598&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adelsvapen.com%2Fgenealogi%2FSvedenborg_nr_1598&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Swedenborg" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adelsvapen.com/genealogi/Stiernhielm_nr_180">"Adliga ätten Stiernhielm nr 180"</a>. Adelsvapen.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Adelsvapen&rft.atitle=Adliga+%C3%A4tten+Stiernhielm+nr+180&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adelsvapen.com%2Fgenealogi%2FStiernhielm_nr_180&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Swedenborg" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ugglan-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ugglan_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ugglan_18-1">b</a> (in Swedish) <a href="/wiki/Nordisk_familjebok" title="Nordisk familjebok">Nordisk familjebok</a>, 2nd edition (Ugglan) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runeberg.org/nfcg/0486.html">article Svedberg, Jesper</a> (1918) </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> Svedberg's pietistic interests are described in Bergquist (1999), pp. 230–232. </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> Martin Lamm (1978 [1915]; pp.1–19) notes how all Swedenborg biographies at that draw similarities between the beliefs of Jesper and Emanuel. Lamm himself partially agrees with them, but he maintains that there were marked differences between them too. </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> Lagercrantz, preface. </li> <li id="cite_note-Delblanc-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Delblanc_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Delblanc_22-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Delblanc_22-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Delblanc_22-3">d</a> x </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> Söderberg, H. Swedenborg's 1714 Airplane: A Machine to Fly in the Air (1988) </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o-k6HRf0E0g">"Splendors of the Spirit: Swedenborg's Quest for Insight, Part 1"</a>. YouTube. Retrieved 2013-07-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Splendors+of+the+Spirit%3A+Swedenborg%27s+Quest+for+Insight%2C+Part+1&rft.pub=YouTube&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Do-k6HRf0E0g&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Swedenborg" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> The meeting between the King, Polhelm and Swedenborg is described in detail in Liljegren, Bengt, Karl XII i Lund : när Sverige styrdes från Skåne, (Historiska media, Lund, 1999). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/91-88930-51-3" title="Special:BookSources/91-88930-51-3">91-88930-51-3</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> Bergquist (1999), pp.114–115 </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> Berquist (1999), pp. 118–119 </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> Proposed by Lagercrantz, also mentioned by Bergquist (1999), p. 119. </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> Fodstad, H. The neuron theory Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery 2001;77:20-4 </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> Gordh, E. et al.Swedenborg, Linnaeus and Brain Research and the Roles of Gustaf Retzius and Alfred Stroh in the Rediscovery of Swedenborg's Manuscripts. Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences 2007; 112:143–164. </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> Gross C. G. Emanuel Swedenborg: A neuroscientist before his time. The Neuroscientist 3: 2(1997). </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> Gross, C. "Three before their time: neuroscientists whose ideas were ignored by their contemporaries Experimental Brain Research 192:321 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> Tubbs RS, Riech S, Verma K, Loukas M, Mortazavi M, Cohen-Gadol A. Emanuel Swedenborg (1688–1772): pioneer of neuroanatomy. Childs Nervous System 2011 Aug;27(8):1353-5. </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> Filley CM. Chapter 35: The frontal lobes. Handbook Clinical Neurology 2010;95:557-70 </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newchurchhistory.org/articles/glb2007/baker.pdf">Baker, Gregory L. (1983) "Emanuel Swedenborg – An 18th century cosmologist" in The Physics Teacher, October 1983, pp. 441–6</a> Retrieved 15 July 2013. </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://swedenborg.com/emanuel-swedenborg/scientific-writings/">"Swedenborg's Scientific Writings - Swedenborg Foundation"</a>. swedenborg.com. 2013-03-24. Retrieved 2024-02-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=swedenborg.com&rft.atitle=Swedenborg%27s+Scientific+Writings+-+Swedenborg+Foundation&rft.date=2013-03-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fswedenborg.com%2Femanuel-swedenborg%2Fscientific-writings%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Swedenborg" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> Bergquist (1999), pp. 142–155. </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> Lamm (1987), pp. 42–43, notes that by assuming that the soul consists of matter, as Swedenborg did, one becomes a <a href="/wiki/Materialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Materialist">materialist</a>. He further notes that it was also noted by contemporaries. </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> Jonsson, Inge, Swedenborg och Linné, in Delblanc & Lönnroth, p. 321. </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> Bergquist (1999), pp. 165–178. </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoy-Di_Piazza2023" class="citation journal cs1">Roy-Di Piazza, Vincent (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F17496977.2023.2192585">"Enslaved by African angels: Swedenborg on African superiority, evangelization, and slavery"</a>. Intellectual History Review. 34 (2): 5. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F17496977.2023.2192585">10.1080/17496977.2023.2192585</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1749-6977">1749-6977</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Intellectual+History+Review&rft.atitle=Enslaved+by+African+angels%3A+Swedenborg+on+African+superiority%2C+evangelization%2C+and+slavery&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=5&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F17496977.2023.2192585&rft.issn=1749-6977&rft.aulast=Roy-Di+Piazza&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F17496977.2023.2192585&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Swedenborg" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> Jonsson, Inge, Swedenborg och Linné, in Delblanc and Lönnroth, p.325. </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> Bergquist, pp. 200–208. </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> Bergquist, p. 206. </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> Analysis by Bergquist, p. 209. Bergquist has previously published a separate book commenting on the Journal called Swedenborgs drömbok : glädjen och det stora kvalet (Stockholm, Norstedt, 1988). </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> Bergquist (1999), pp. 210–211. </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> Swedenborg (1975). </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> "Small Theological Works and Letters" by Emanuel Swedenborg. Edited and published by the Swedenborg Society (London, 1975) </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> Bergquist (1999), pp. 286–287. </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> Cf. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aRh1P-H8Q7sC&q=swedenborg+Arcana+Caelestia&pg=PA1">Michelle Grier, 'Swedenborg and Kant on Spiritual Intuition'</a> in On the True Philosopher: Essays on Swedenborg, ed. Stephen McNeilly (London: Swedenborg Society, 2002), p. 1. Accessed 2010-11-11. </li> <li id="cite_note-AC-51"><a href="#cite_ref-AC_51-0">^</a> Bergquist (1999), p. 287. </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> Bergquist (1999), p. 288. </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> Jonsson, Inge. Swedenborg och Linné, in Delblanc & Lönnroth, p. 316. </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMathison1960" class="citation book cs1">Mathison, Richard (1960). Faiths, Cults, and Sects of America. New York: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, Inc. p. 55.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Faiths%2C+Cults%2C+and+Sects+of+America&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=55&rft.pub=The+Bobbs-Merrill+Company%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Mathison&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Swedenborg" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swedenborgdigitallibrary.org/contets/LJ.html">The Last Judgment and Babylon Destroyed. All the Predictions in the Apocalypse are At this Day Fulfilled from Things Heard and Seen. From De Ultimo Judicio Et De Babylonia Destructa</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> Last Judgment, No. 60. </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swedenborgdigitallibrary.org/contets/HH.html">Swedenborg, E. Heaven and Its Wonders From Things Heard and Seen</a> (Swedenborg Foundation 1946, #421–535). </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> Last Judgment #33–34. </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swedenborgdigitallibrary.org/contets/tcrtc.html">"Swedenborg, E. The True Christian Religion: Containing the Universal Theology of The New Church Foretold by the Lord in Daniel 7; 13, 14; and in Revelation 21;1,2 (Swedenborg Foundation 1952, paragraphs 193–215)"</a>. Swedenborgdigitallibrary.org. Retrieved 2013-08-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Swedenborg%2C+E.+The+True+Christian+Religion%3A+Containing+the+Universal+Theology+of+The+New+Church+Foretold+by+the+Lord+in+Daniel+7%3B+13%2C+14%3B+and+in+Revelation+21%3B1%2C2+%28Swedenborg+Foundation+1952%2C+paragraphs+193%E2%80%93215%29&rft.pub=Swedenborgdigitallibrary.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.swedenborgdigitallibrary.org%2Fcontets%2Ftcrtc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Swedenborg" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> True Christian Religion, paragraphs 753–786 </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> Swedenborg, E. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://smallcanonsearch.com/read.php?book=ac&section=1002">Arcana Coelestia #1002, 1003</a> (Swedenborg Foundation, 1956) </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTwigg1981" class="citation web cs1">Twigg, Julia (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ivu.org/history/thesis/bible-christian.html">"The vegetarian movement in England, 1847–1981: A study in the structure of its ideology"</a>. University of London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+vegetarian+movement+in+England%2C+1847%E2%80%931981%3A+A+study+in+the+structure+of+its+ideology&rft.pub=University+of+London&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Twigg&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ivu.org%2Fhistory%2Fthesis%2Fbible-christian.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Swedenborg" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> Sigstedt, C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://swedenborgdigitallibrary.org/ES/epictc.htm">The Swedenborg Epic: The life and works of Emanuel Swedenborg</a> Bookman Associates, 1952, p. 476, # 642. </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> Swedenborg, E.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swedenborgdigitallibrary.org/contets/EU.html">The Earths in Our Solar System Which are called Planets and the Earths in the Starry Heaven, and Their Inhabitants; Also the Spirits and Angels There From Things Heard and Seen</a> 1758. Also Rotch Edition. New York: Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1907, in The Divine Revelation of the New Jerusalem (2012), n. 9-178. </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> Arcana Coelestia #6698 </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> Simons K. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://swedenborgproject.org/2007/09/08/the-life-on-other-planets-question/">The Life on Other Planets Question</a> The Swedenborg Project 2007 </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> Bergquist (1999), p. 477–478. </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> Trobridge, G. Swedenborg, Life and Teaching (Swedenborg Foundation, 1976, p. 272). </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> Bergquist (1999), p. 464. </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> Bergquist (1999), pp. 471–476. Accounts of Swedenborg's last days were collected and published in Tafel II:1, pp. 577 ff, 556 ff, 560 ff. </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/documentsconcer00tafegoog">Documents concerning the life and character of Emanuel Swedenborg – Johann Friedrich Immanuel Tafel –</a>. J. Allen. 1847. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/documentsconcer00tafegoog/page/n134">106</a>. Retrieved 2012-08-16 – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>. <q>john wesley swedenborg.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Documents+concerning+the+life+and+character+of+Emanuel+Swedenborg+%E2%80%93+Johann+Friedrich+Immanuel+Tafel+%E2%80%93&rft.pages=106&rft.pub=J.+Allen&rft.date=1847&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdocumentsconcer00tafegoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Swedenborg" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> Epic, pp. 430ff. </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> Swedenborg, E. True Christianity, Containing a Comprehensive Theology of the New Church That Was Predicted by the Lord in Daniel 7:13–14 and Revelation 21:1, 2 (Swedenborg Foundation, 2006, Translator's Preface, Vol. 2, p. 36 ff.). </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> Epic, p. 431. </li> <li id="cite_note-Epic_433-76">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Epic_433_76-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Epic_433_76-1">b</a> Epic, p. 433 </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukstreetmap.info/map-london-swedenborg-gardens-street.html">"Street map Swedenborg Gardens, map London with Swedenborg Gardens"</a>. Ukstreetmap.info. Retrieved 2012-08-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Street+map+Swedenborg+Gardens%2C+map+London+with+Swedenborg+Gardens&rft.pub=Ukstreetmap.info&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukstreetmap.info%2Fmap-london-swedenborg-gardens-street.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Swedenborg" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEwan-M_Ewan_Munro+_Add_Contact2008" class="citation web cs1">Ewan-M Ewan Munro+ Add Contact (7 December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/55935853@N00/3111893982/">"Swedenborg Gardens, London Borough of Tower Hamlets, E1 – Flickr – Photo Sharing!"</a>. Flickr. Retrieved 2012-08-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Swedenborg+Gardens%2C+London+Borough+of+Tower+Hamlets%2C+E1+%E2%80%93+Flickr+%E2%80%93+Photo+Sharing%21&rft.pub=Flickr&rft.date=2008-12-07&rft.au=Ewan-M+Ewan+Munro%2B+Add+Contact&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flickr.com%2Fphotos%2F55935853%40N00%2F3111893982%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Swedenborg" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eastlondonhistory.com/2011/06/16/history-of-swedenborg-gardens/">"History of Swedenborg Gardens - eastlondonhistory.com"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Swedenborg+Gardens+-+eastlondonhistory.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feastlondonhistory.com%2F2011%2F06%2F16%2Fhistory-of-swedenborg-gardens%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Swedenborg" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swedenborgdigitallibrary.org/contets/es.html">"Who Was Emanuel Swedenborg (1688–1772)?"</a> An article including a list of biographies about Swedenborg, with a brief analysis of each biographer's point of view. Accessed June 2012. </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> Bergquist (1999), p. 15. </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> en dikt om ett främmande land med sällsamma lagar och seder. Largercrantz (1996), back page. </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSigstedt1952" class="citation web cs1">Sigstedt, Cyriel (1952). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://swedenborgdigitallibrary.org/ES/epic41.htm">"The Swedenborg Epic: The Life and Works of Emanuel Swedenborg"</a>. Swedenborg Digital Library.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Swedenborg+Digital+Library&rft.atitle=The+Swedenborg+Epic%3A+The+Life+and+Works+of+Emanuel+Swedenborg&rft.date=1952&rft.aulast=Sigstedt&rft.aufirst=Cyriel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fswedenborgdigitallibrary.org%2FES%2Fepic41.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Swedenborg" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/swedenborgepicli0000sigs/page/408/mode/1up">Alt URL</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHugo1862" class="citation web cs1">Hugo, Victor (1862). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/victor-hugo/les-miserables/isabel-f-hapgood/text/chapter-1-1-14">"Les Misérables"</a>. Standard Ebooks. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210721071438/https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/victor-hugo/les-miserables/isabel-f-hapgood/text/chapter-1-1-14">Archived</a> from the original on 21 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Standard+Ebooks&rft.atitle=Les+Mis%C3%A9rables&rft.date=1862&rft.aulast=Hugo&rft.aufirst=Victor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstandardebooks.org%2Febooks%2Fvictor-hugo%2Fles-miserables%2Fisabel-f-hapgood%2Ftext%2Fchapter-1-1-14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Swedenborg" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.158928/page/n59/mode/1up?q=swedenborg">Alt URL</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> Bergquist (1999), pp. 364–365. </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-87">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_87-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_87-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_87-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQueen_IIProtheroShattuck_Jr.1996" class="citation book cs1">Queen II, Edward L.; <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Prothero" title="Stephen Prothero">Prothero, Stephen R.</a>; Shattuck Jr., Gardiner H. (1996). The Encyclopedia of American Religious History. Vol. 2. New York: Proseworks. p. 657. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8160-3545-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8160-3545-8"><bdi>0-8160-3545-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+American+Religious+History&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=657&rft.pub=Proseworks&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-8160-3545-8&rft.aulast=Queen+II&rft.aufirst=Edward+L.&rft.au=Prothero%2C+Stephen+R.&rft.au=Shattuck+Jr.%2C+Gardiner+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Swedenborg" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Korr-88"><a href="#cite_ref-Korr_88-0">^</a> Lamm (1987 [1915]), dedicates a chapter to the correspondence theories, pp. 85–109. </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> (Swedenborg E, The True Christian Religion Containing the Universal Theology of the New Church. Swedenborg Foundation 1946, # 200) </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> Bergquist (1999), p. 312. </li> <li id="cite_note-brandhistoriska.org-92">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brandhistoriska.org_92-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-brandhistoriska.org_92-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110911040349/http://www.brandhistoriska.org/olyckor_se.html">"Årtal och händelser i Jönköping"</a>. Brandhistoriska.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brandhistoriska.org/olyckor_se.html">the original</a> on 2011-09-11. Retrieved 2013-07-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C3%85rtal+och+h%C3%A4ndelser+i+J%C3%B6nk%C3%B6ping&rft.pub=Brandhistoriska.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brandhistoriska.org%2Folyckor_se.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Swedenborg" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> Staffan Högberg, Stockholms historia (Stockholm's history), part 1, p. 342; in Swedish </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=D-IYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR18">For July 19 date see especially Documents 271–273 in Documents concerning the Life and Character of Emanuel Swedenborg Collected, Translated and Annotated by Tafel, RL. Volume II, Part 1. (Swedenborg Society, British and Foreign. 36 Bloomsbury Street, London, 1877)</a> Retrieved 15 July 2013. </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swedenborgdigitallibrary.org/ES/epic31.htm">"The Swedenborg Epic: Chapter 31"</a>. Swedenborgdigitallibrary.org. Retrieved 2013-07-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Swedenborg+Epic%3A+Chapter+31&rft.pub=Swedenborgdigitallibrary.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.swedenborgdigitallibrary.org%2FES%2Fepic31.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Swedenborg" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> As noted above, primary source for these accounts is a letter from <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuel Kant</a> in 1768 and the Swedenborg collection by Tafel (Documents #271–273) </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> Lars Bergquist: Swedenborgs Hemlighet, Stockholm 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/91-27-06981-8" title="Special:BookSources/91-27-06981-8">91-27-06981-8</a>. (in Swedish) </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> Sigstedt S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swedenborgdigitallibrary.org/ES/epic35.html">The Swedenborg Epic, Chapter 35</a> Bookman 1952 </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> Berguist, L. Swedenborg's Secret Swedenborg Foundation, 2005, p. 270 </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> Bergquist, L, Swedenborg's Secret (London, The Swedenborg Society, 2005, p. 270). </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> Johnson, p. 70 </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> Sigstedt, Chapter 35 </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swedenborgdigitallibrary.org/ES/epic38.htm">"The Swedenborg Epic: Chapter 38"</a>. Swedenborgdigitallibrary.org. Retrieved 2012-08-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Swedenborg+Epic%3A+Chapter+38&rft.pub=Swedenborgdigitallibrary.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.swedenborgdigitallibrary.org%2FES%2Fepic38.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Swedenborg" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> Swedenborg Epic pp. 278ff. </li> <li id="cite_note-Sigstedt,_p._329-107">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sigstedt,_p._329_107-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sigstedt,_p._329_107-1">b</a> Sigstedt, p. 329. </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> Benz, p. 11. </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> Johnson 2002. p. 69. </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> Johnson 202, p. 71. </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> Benz 2001, p. 13. </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> Johnson, p. 69. </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> Johnson, G., Magee, G. E. (Swedenborg Foundation 2002) </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> Benz 2001, p. 31. </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> Benz, E., Heron, A. (Translator) Spiritual Vision and Revelation, Chapter VI. The Mystery of a Date – Fresh light on Kant's Criticism of Swedenborg, p. 13, reprinted in The New Philosophy 2001 104:7, </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> Johnson 2002, p. 83. </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> Johnson, G. "Did Kant dissemble his interest in Swedenborg?" The New Philosophy 1999, 102: 531 </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> Johnson 2002, p. 123. </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> Johnson 2002, p. 85. </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> Doctrine of the Sacred Scripture #4, True Christian Religion #859, 750, 779 </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> Quoted by Bergquist (1999), p. 178, based on Swedenborg's Spiritual Experiences (1748), §767. However, Spiritual Experiences is not among the works Swedenborg published himself, and thus may not be authoritative revelation. See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://swedenborgdigitallibrary.org/books.html">"Which of Swedenborg's books are Divine revelation?"</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swedenborgdigitallibrary.org/contets/AR.html">"The Apocalypse Revealed Wherein are Disclosed the Arcana Foretold Which Have Hitherto Remained Concealed"</a>. Swedenborgdigitallibrary.org. Retrieved 2012-08-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Apocalypse+Revealed+Wherein+are+Disclosed+the+Arcana+Foretold+Which+Have+Hitherto+Remained+Concealed&rft.pub=Swedenborgdigitallibrary.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.swedenborgdigitallibrary.org%2Fcontets%2FAR.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Swedenborg" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> Bergquist (1999), pp. 286–309. </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smallcanonsearch.com/read.php?book=ml&section=1">"ML 1 – Small Canon Search – Reading – The Word of God, The Whole Word of God, and Nothing But the Word of God – Searching the Second Advent Christian Bible – The Second Advent Christian Canon of Scripture"</a>. 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Retrieved 2012-08-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Marriage+Love+46%E2%80%9350%29&rft.pub=Smallcanonsearch.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smallcanonsearch.com%2Fread.php%3Fbook%3Dml%26section%3D46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Swedenborg" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smallcanonsearch.com/read.php?book=dlw&section=52">"Marriage Love No. 52"</a>. Smallcanonsearch.com. 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Retrieved 2012-08-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TCR+175+%E2%80%93+Small+Canon+Search+%E2%80%93+Reading+%E2%80%93+The+Word+of+God%2C+The+Whole+Word+of+God%2C+and+Nothing+But+the+Word+of+God+%E2%80%93+Searching+the+Second+Advent+Christian+Bible+%E2%80%93+The+Second+Advent+Christian+Canon+of+Scripture&rft.pub=Small+Canon+Search&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smallcanonsearch.com%2Fread.php%3Fbook%3Dtcr%26section%3D175&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Swedenborg" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> Swedenborg, E. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://swedenborgdigitallibrary.org/contets/tcrtc.html">The True Christian Religion</a>, particularly sections 163–184 (New York: Swedenborg Foundation, 1951). </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> Swedenborg, E. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://swedenborgdigitallibrary.org/contets/DL.html">The Doctrine of the Lord</a> (New York: Swedenborg Foundation, 1946) </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> Swedenborg, E. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://swedenborgdigitallibrary.org/contets/AC.htm">The Arcana Coelestia</a> (New York: Swedenborg Foundation, various dates) </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> Swedenborg, E. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://swedenborgdigitallibrary.org/contets/njhd.html">The New Jerusalem and Its Heavenly Doctrine</a>, particularly sections 280–310 New York: Swedenborg Foundation, 1951) </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221201192334/https://peacebyjesus.org/reformation_faith_works.html">"Reformation Faith + Works"</a>. 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Retrieved 2011-03-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=True+Christian+Religion%2C+sections+336+ff&rft.pub=Biblemeanings.info&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblemeanings.info%2Fbooks%2Ftcr%2Fsect-336ff.html%23TCR355&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Swedenborg" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> Block, M.B <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newchurchinthene028276mbp">The New Church in the New World. A Study of Swedenborgianism in America</a> (Holt 1932; reprint Octagan 1968), Chapter 3. </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> Benz, E. Emanuel Swedenborg. Visionary Savant in The Age of Reason (translated by Goodrick-Clarke (Swedenborg Foundation, 2002, p. 487). </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> Crompton, S. Emanuel Swedenborg (Chelsea House, 2005, p. 76). </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> Block, Chapter 3. </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> Ahlstrom, S. E. A Religious History of the American People (Yale 1972, p. 483). </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> Myers, Jeffrey, Robert Frost: A Biography, Houghton Mifflin, 1996, p. 4. </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.classic-literature.co.uk/scottish-authors/arthur-conan-doyle/the-history-of-spiritualism-vol-i/ebook-page-02.asp">"Arthur Conan Doyle – The History of Spiritualism Vol I Page 02"</a>. Classic-literature.co.uk. Retrieved 2012-08-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arthur+Conan+Doyle+%E2%80%93+The+History+of+Spiritualism+Vol+I+Page+02&rft.pub=Classic-literature.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.classic-literature.co.uk%2Fscottish-authors%2Farthur-conan-doyle%2Fthe-history-of-spiritualism-vol-i%2Febook-page-02.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Swedenborg" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmerson1907" class="citation book cs1">Emerson, Ralph Waldo (1907). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ondb2uKhq_YC">Representative men: seven lectures – Ralph Waldo Emerson – Google Boeken</a>. Retrieved 2012-08-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Representative+men%3A+seven+lectures+%E2%80%93+Ralph+Waldo+Emerson+%E2%80%93+Google+Boeken&rft.date=1907&rft.aulast=Emerson&rft.aufirst=Ralph+Waldo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOndb2uKhq_YC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Swedenborg" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrison2009" class="citation web cs1">Harrison, Kathryn (2009-09-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/j/carl_gustav_jung/index.html">"Carl Gustav Jung News – The New York Times"</a>. Topics.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2013-07-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Carl+Gustav+Jung+News+%E2%80%93+The+New+York+Times&rft.pub=Topics.nytimes.com&rft.date=2009-09-23&rft.aulast=Harrison&rft.aufirst=Kathryn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftopics.nytimes.com%2Ftop%2Freference%2Ftimestopics%2Fpeople%2Fj%2Fcarl_gustav_jung%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Swedenborg" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> Bergquist (1999), pp. 453–463. </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://swedenborgdigitallibrary.org/contets/es.html">"Who was Emanuel Swedenborg (1688–1772)?"</a>. Swedenborgdigitallibrary.org. 2006-11-19. Retrieved 2012-08-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Who+was+Emanuel+Swedenborg+%281688%E2%80%931772%29%3F&rft.pub=Swedenborgdigitallibrary.org&rft.date=2006-11-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fswedenborgdigitallibrary.org%2Fcontets%2Fes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Swedenborg" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikisource.org/wiki/Man_%C3%A4ger_ej_snille_f%C3%B6r_det_man_%C3%A4r_galen">"Man äger ej snille för det man är galen – Wikisource"</a> (in Swedish). Sv.wikisource.org. Retrieved 2012-08-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Man+%C3%A4ger+ej+snille+f%C3%B6r+det+man+%C3%A4r+galen+%E2%80%93+Wikisource&rft.pub=Sv.wikisource.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FMan_%25C3%25A4ger_ej_snille_f%25C3%25B6r_det_man_%25C3%25A4r_galen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Swedenborg" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> Bergquist (1999), p. 474. </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swedenborgdigitallibrary.org/ES/epic37.htm">"The Swedenborg Epic: Chapter 37"</a>. Swedenborgdigitallibrary.org. Retrieved 2012-08-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Swedenborg+Epic%3A+Chapter+37&rft.pub=Swedenborgdigitallibrary.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.swedenborgdigitallibrary.org%2FES%2Fepic37.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Swedenborg" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> Trobridge, G.Swedenborg, Life and Teaching (Swedenborg Foundation, 1976, p. 202.). </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/emanuelswedenbor00trobuoft">"Emanuel Swedenborg : his life, teachings and influence : Trobridge, George, 1851–1909 : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive"</a>. Retrieved 2012-08-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Emanuel+Swedenborg+%3A+his+life%2C+teachings+and+influence+%3A+Trobridge%2C+George%2C+1851%E2%80%931909+%3A+Free+Download+%26+Streaming+%3A+Internet+Archive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Femanuelswedenbor00trobuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Swedenborg" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> Benz, E. Emanuel Swedenborg. Visionary Savant in the Age of Reason. Swedenborg Foundation, 2002, pp. 226, 227. </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> Block, p. 14 </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heavenlydoctrines.org/Writings%20Latin_title.html">Online text from the Heavenly Doctrines database</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130924163247/http://heavenlydoctrines.org/Writings%20Latin_title.html">Archived</a> 2013-09-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, From Heavenly Doctrine database. </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baysidechurch.org/writings/">Online photocopy of first Latin edition published by Swedenborg</a> From Bayside Church image database. </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> The original title, and year of publication is based on Bergquist (1999), Litteraturförteckning (pp.525–534). </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://emanuelswedenborg.org/">The Works of Emanuel Swedenborg in Chronological Order</a>, Emanuel Swedenborg Studies, accessed February 3, 2011 . </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130403032241/http://www.newchurch.org/about/swedenborg/bibliography.html">"A Swedenborg Bibliography"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newchurch.org/about/swedenborg/bibliography.html">the original</a> on 2013-04-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Swedenborg+Bibliography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newchurch.org%2Fabout%2Fswedenborg%2Fbibliography.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Swedenborg" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://swedenborgdigitallibrary.org/contets/books.html">Which of Swedenborg's books are Divine revelation?</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] The Swedenborg canon </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAminoff1924" class="citation journal cs1">Aminoff, Gregori (1924). "Ueber ein nettes mineral von Langban". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie. 60: 262–274.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+Kristallographie%2C+Mineralogie+und+Petrographie&rft.atitle=Ueber+ein+nettes+mineral+von+Langban&rft.volume=60&rft.pages=262-274&rft.date=1924&rft.aulast=Aminoff&rft.aufirst=Gregori&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Swedenborg" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuel_Swedenborg&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Ahlstrom, S.E. A Religious History of the American People (Yale 1972) Includes section on Swedenborg by this scholar.</li> <li>Benz, Ernst, Emanuel Swedenborg: Visionary Savant in the Age of Reason (Swedenborg Foundation, 2002) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87785-195-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-87785-195-6">0-87785-195-6</a>, a translation of the thorough <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German language</a> study on life and work of Swedenborg, Emanuel Swedenborg: Naturforscher und Seher by the noted religious scholar Ernst Benz, published in Munich in 1948.</li> <li>Bergquist, Lars, Swedenborg's Secret, (London, The Swedenborg Society, 2005) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85448-143-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-85448-143-5">0-85448-143-5</a>, a translation of the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish language</a> biography of Swedenborg, Swedenborgs Hemlighet, published in Stockholm in 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/91-27-06981-8" title="Special:BookSources/91-27-06981-8">91-27-06981-8</a></li> <li>Block, M. B. The New Church in the New World. A study of Swedenborgianism in America (Holt 1932; Octagon reprint 1968) A detailed history of the ideational and social development of the organized churches based on Swedenborg's works.</li> <li>Crompton, S. Emanuel Swedenborg (Chelsea House, 2005) Recent biography of Swedenborg.</li> <li>Johnson, G., ed. Kant on Swedenborg. Dreams of a Spirit-Seer and Other Writings. Translation by Johnson, G., Magee, G.E. (Swedenborg Foundation 2002) New translation and extensive set of supplementary texts.</li> <li>Lamm, Martin, Swedenborg: En studie (1987; first ed. 1915). A popular biography that is still read and quoted. It is also available in English: Emanuel Swedenborg: The Development of His Thought, Martin Lamm (Swedenborg Studies, No. 9, 2001), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87785-194-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-87785-194-8">0-87785-194-8</a></li> <li>Lagercrantz, Olof, Dikten om livet på den andra sidan (Wahlström & Widstrand 1996), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/91-46-16932-6" title="Special:BookSources/91-46-16932-6">91-46-16932-6</a>. In Swedish.</li> <li>Leon, James, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050114132548/http://www.soc.hawaii.edu/LEONJ/leonj/leonpsy/instructor/np98.html">Overcoming Objections to Swedenborg's Writings Through the Development of Scientific Dualism </a> An examination of Swedenborg's discoveries. The author is a professor of psychology (1998; published in New Philosophy, 2001)</li> <li>Moody, R. A. Life after Life (Bantam 1975) Reports correlation of near-death experience with Swedenborg's reports of life after death.</li> <li>Price, R. Johnny Appleseed. Man and Myth (Indiana 1954) Definitive study of this legendary man. Includes details of his interest in Swedenborg and the organizational New Church</li> <li>Robsahm, Carl, Hallengren, Anders (translation and comments), Anteckningar om Swedenborg (Föreningen Swedenborgs Minne: Stockholm 1989), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/91-87856-00-X" title="Special:BookSources/91-87856-00-X">91-87856-00-X</a>. Hallengren writes that the first complete publication of the Robsam manuscript was in R. L. Tafel's Documents, Vol. I, 1875 (see section "<a href="#Further_reading">Further reading</a>")</li> <li>Schuchard, Marsha Keith. 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/view/title/20552">Emanuel Swedenborg, Secret Agent on Earth and in Heaven: Jacobites, Jews and Freemasons in Early Modern Sweden</a>. Brill.</li> <li>Sigstedt, C.,<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swedenborgdigitallibrary.org/ES/epicfor.htm">The Swedenborg Epic. The Life and Works of Emanuel Swedenborg</a> (New York: Bookman Associates, 1952). The whole book is available online at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swedenborgdigitallibrary.org/">Swedenborg Digital Library</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToksvig1948" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Signe_Toksvig" title="Signe Toksvig">Toksvig, Signe</a> (1948). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg,_Scientist_and_Mystic">Emanuel Swedenborg, Scientist and Mystic </a>. New Haven: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87785-171-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-87785-171-9"><bdi>0-87785-171-9</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Emanuel+Swedenborg%2C+Scientist+and+Mystic&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1948&rft.isbn=0-87785-171-9&rft.aulast=Toksvig&rft.aufirst=Signe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Swedenborg" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuel_Swedenborg&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Further_reading_cleanup plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This "<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Layout#Further_reading" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout">Further reading</a>" section may need cleanup. Please read the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Further_reading" title="Wikipedia:Further reading">editing guide</a> and help improve the section. (July 2023) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dt>Newer material</dt></dl> <ul><li>The Arms of Morpheus—Essays on Swedenborg and Mysticism, ed. Stephen McNeilly (London: Swedenborg Society, 2007), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85448-150-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85448-150-7">978-0-85448-150-7</a>.</li> <li>Between Method and Madness—Essays on Swedenborg and Literature, ed. Stephen McNeilly (London: Swedenborg Society, 2005), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85448-145-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85448-145-3">978-0-85448-145-3</a>.</li> <li>In Search of the Absolute—Essays on Swedenborg and Literature, ed. Stephen McNeilly (London: Swedenborg Society, 2005), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85448-141-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85448-141-5">978-0-85448-141-5</a>.</li> <li>On the True Philosopher and the True Philosophy—Essays on Swedenborg, ed. Stephen McNeilly (London: Swedenborg Society, 2005), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85448-134-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85448-134-7">978-0-85448-134-7</a>.</li> <li>Swedenborg and His Influence, ed. Erland J. Brock, (Bryn Athyn, Pennsylvania: The Academy of the New Church, 1988), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-910557-23-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-910557-23-3">0-910557-23-3</a>.</li> <li>Jonathan S. Rose, ed. Emanuel Swedenborg: Essays for the New Century Edition on His Life, Work, and Impact (West Chester, Pennsylvania: Swedenborg Foundation, 2002), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87785-473-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-87785-473-4">0-87785-473-4</a>. 580 pages. Multiple scholars contributed to this collection of information on Swedenborg, his manuscripts, and his cultural influence. Republished in 2004 under new title, Scribe of Heaven: Swedenborg's Life, Work, and Impact <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87785-474-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-87785-474-2">0-87785-474-2</a>.</li> <li>Wilson van Dusen, The Presence of Other Worlds, Swedenborg Foundation, Inc., New York, Harper & Row, 1974. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87785-166-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-87785-166-2">0-87785-166-2</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110321164919/http://swedenborg-philosophy.org/journal/article.php?issue=sanity&page=1000">"The Madness Hypothesis,"</a> a special issue of The New Philosophy (1998;101: whole number), a journal produced by the Swedenborg Scientific Association, reviews the question of Swedenborg's sanity in scholarly detail, making the case that he was in fact quite sane.</li> <li>Donald L. Rose, ed., Afterlife: A Guided Tour of Heaven and Its Wonders. Swedenborg Foundation, 2006. (abridged version of Heaven and Hell)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._T._Suzuki" title="D. T. Suzuki">D. T. Suzuki</a>, translated by Andrew Bernstein, Afterword by David Loy, Swedenborg: Buddha of the North. Swedenborg Foundation, 1996. (Brilliantly shows relevance of Swedenborg's ideas to Buddhist thought.)</li> <li>Nemitz, K., "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://swedenborg-philosophy.org/swedenborg/swedenborg-the-man-and-his-work-a-brief-biography/">The Man and His Work</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210117221006/http://swedenborg-philosophy.org/swedenborg/swedenborg-the-man-and-his-work-a-brief-biography/">Archived</a> 2021-01-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>".</li> <li>Larsen, T, Larsen, Lawrence, JF, Woofenden WR. Emanuel Swedenborg. A Continuing Vision. Swedenborg Foundation, 1988</li> <li>Sig Synnestvedt, ed., The Essential Swedenborg: Basic Religious Teachings of Emanuel Swedenborg. Swedenborg Foundation, 1970.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Older material of importance (some of it not in print)</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_John_Garth_Wilkinson1849" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/James_John_Garth_Wilkinson" title="James John Garth Wilkinson">James John Garth Wilkinson</a> (1849), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10067272?page=5">Emanuel Swedenborg: A Biography</a>, London: William Newbery, retrieved December 2, 2014</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Emanuel+Swedenborg%3A+A+Biography&rft.place=London&rft.pub=William+Newbery&rft.date=1849&rft.au=James+John+Garth+Wilkinson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitale-sammlungen.de%2Fen%2Fview%2Fbsb10067272%3Fpage%3D5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Swedenborg" class="Z3988"></li> <li>The most extensive work is: RL Tafel, Documents concerning the Life and Character of Swedenborg, collected, translated and annotated (3 vols., Swedenborg Society, 1875–1877);</li> <li>J. Hyde, A Bibliography of the Works of Emanuel Swedenborg (Swedenborg Society).</li> <li>Kant's Träume eines Geistersehers (1766; the most recent edition in English is from 1975, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7873-0311-1" title="Special:BookSources/3-7873-0311-1">3-7873-0311-1</a> );</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottfried_von_Herder" class="mw-redirect" title="Johann Gottfried von Herder">J. G. Herder</a>'s "Emanuel Swedenborg," in his Adrastea (Werke zur Phil. und Gesch., xii. 110–125).</li> <li>Transactions of the International Swedenborg Congress (London, 1910), summarized in The New Church Magazine (August 1910).</li> <li>Swedenborg and Esoteric Islam (Swedenborg Studies, No 4) by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Corbin" title="Henry Corbin">Henry Corbin</a>, Leonard Fox</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Ralph Waldo Emerson</a>, "Swedenborg; or, the Mystic", in Emerson: Essays and Lectures (New York, New York: The Library of America, 1983), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-940450-15-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-940450-15-8">978-0-940450-15-8</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1887" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Frederick_Smith" title="John Frederick Smith">Smith, John Frederick</a> (1887). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Swedenborg,_Emanuel">"Swedenborg, Emanuel" </a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Vol. XXII (9th ed.). pp. 758–760.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Swedenborg%2C+Emanuel&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=758-760&rft.edition=9th&rft.date=1887&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=John+Frederick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Swedenborg" class="Z3988"></li> <li>William White, Emmanuel Swedenborg, His Life and Writings, 2nd Ed., Rev. (xx, 767 p.; London, Simpkin, Marshall, and Co., 1868) – This is the second of White's two biographies of Swedenborg, the first one published in 1856 (White, W. Swedenborg: his life and writings Bath : I. Pitman, Phonetic Institution, 1856) and this second one in 1867. White worked for the Swedenborg Society in London and wrote an affirmative biography of Swedenborg. However, he was fired for publishing spiritist books and selling them at the Society's store, as well as otherwise interfering with the Society's function. White's response was the 1867 biography, in which he, in Tafel's words, "turn[ed] a complete somersault in his convictions," and wrote a highly derogatory biography of Swedenborg and his teachings. (The Swedenborg Epic footnote # 769) (R. Tafel, Documents Concerning the Life and Character of Emanuel Swedenborg, Vol. 3, p. 1284. London. Swedenborg Society 1890)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuel_Swedenborg&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Template:Emanuel Swedenborg"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Template talk:Emanuel Swedenborg"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Emanuel Swedenborg"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Emanuel_Swedenborg" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Emanuel Swedenborg</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arcana_C%C5%93lestia" title="Arcana Cœlestia">Arcana Cœlestia</a> (1749–1756)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heaven_and_Hell_(Swedenborg_book)" title="Heaven and Hell (Swedenborg book)">Heaven and Hell</a> (1758)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Correspondence_(theology)" title="Correspondence (theology)">Correspondence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedenborg_1714_Flying_Machine" title="Swedenborg 1714 Flying Machine">Flying machine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Church_(Swedenborgian)" title="The New Church (Swedenborgian)">The New Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedenborg_Society" title="Swedenborg Society">Swedenborg Society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bust_of_Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Bust of Emanuel Swedenborg">Bust, Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Lambert_(novel)" title="Louis Lambert (novel)">Louis Lambert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9raph%C3%AEta" title="Séraphîta">Séraphîta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185832#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185832#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185832#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/53320/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJrwWXTFGcBTJ7phyHtqcP">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118620169">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80044859">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11925817d">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11925817d">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00458176">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV085289">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35534351">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19981002179&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX841802">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/99252">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070466556">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90064728">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007268598505171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000085677">Finland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058515135106706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00469661?l=en">CiNii</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:swedenborg.emanuel">zbMATH</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500081597">ULAN</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/8e9ad66a-d1ad-40d9-975b-48d92ed2321f">KulturNav</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biografischportaal.nl/en/persoon/03231431">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/987672">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118620169.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118620169">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027152537">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6br90kj">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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